presentación

La Gestión de los Residuos de
Aparatos Eléctricos y Electrónicos
Panorama LAC y Actividades Regionales
Evento RELAC-Empa, Lima, Perú, 27-29 de noviembre 2012
Daniel Ott // Project Manager LAC // Empa
daniel.ott@empa.ch
Empa – 20 años trabajando con los RAEE
 Auditoría técnica y investigación aplicada para
Swico Recycling y SENS*
 Participación en el WEEE Forum desde 2006
 Miembro fundador de StEP
 Proyectos de investigación en RAEE
 Análisis de retardantes de llama en plásticos de RAEE
 Procesamiento de pantallas planas
 Simulación y modelación de equipos y sustancias
químicas en los RAEE (TRC, LCD, In, Hg, Li, etc.)
 Análisis y desarrollo de modelos de negocio en
el sector informal
 Buenas practicas en el reuso
 Comparación de estrategias y tecnologías de reciclaje
 Cooperación técnica en la gestión de los RAEE con China, India,
Suráfrica, Perú, Colombia, Marruecos, África del Oeste
* Sistemas colectivos de recolección en Suiza
Empa y los RAEE a Nivel Global
Senegal
Trinidad & Tobago:
e-Waste Management in Africa
e-Waste Management in T & T
Assessment Study
Assessment Study
Funding Agency: Unido, Microsoft
Project Partner: MPA
Time Frame: 2010
Funding Agency: DSF
Project Partner: SENECLIC
Time Frame: 2007 - 2008
Morocco
India:
e-Waste Management in Africa
Swiss e-Waste Programme
Assessment Study
Implementing a Clean e-Waste Channel
Mainstreaming the informal sector
Household e-waste collection
Funding Agency: HP
Project Partner: DSF, CMPP
Time Frame: 2007 - 2008
Funding Agency: SECO
Project Partner: GTZ, MoEF
Time Frame: 2003 - 2008
Colombia:
Swiss e-Waste Programme
China:
Assessment Study
Facilitating the development of a
national e-waste management strategy
Swiss e-Waste Programme
Supporting formulation of a
“technical draft” for a national
e-waste law
Developing technical standards for
recycling
Funding Agency: SECO
Project Partner: CNPML
Time Frame: 2007 – 2011
Funding Agency: SECO
Project Partner: NDRC
Time Frame: 2003 - 2008
Peru:
Swiss e-Waste Programme
Assessment Study
Facilitating the development of a
national e-waste management strategy
Kenya:
e-Waste Management in Africa
Funding Agency: SECO
Project Partner: IPES
Time Frame: 2007 – 2011
Assessment Study
Funding Agency: HP
Project Partner: DSF, KICTANeT
Time Frame: 2007 - 2008
Brazil:
Swiss e-Waste Programme
Assessment Study
Funding Agency: SECO
Project Partner: FEAM
Time Frame: 2008-2011
Chile:
Swiss e-Waste Programme
Assessment Study
Funding Agency: EMPA
Project Partner: SUR
Time Frame: 2007
Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana,
Liberia, Nigeria:
South Africa:
Swiss e-Waste Programme
Facilitating the development of a national
e-waste management strategy
The Basel Convention e-Waste Africa
Project
Funding Agency: SECO
Project Partner: ITA, EWASA
Time Frame: 2003 – 2008
Assessment Study
Training Pilot
e-Waste Management in Africa
Funding Agency: SBC, EU
Project Partner: African BCRCs, IMPEL, ÖkoInstitut
Time Frame: 2009-2011
Uganda/Tanzania:
e-Waste Management in Uganda
and Tanzania
Assessment Study
Funding Agency: Unido, Microsoft
Project Partner: UCPC/CPCT
Time Frame: 2007 - 2011
Launching an e-waste recycling unit in Cape Town
Funding Agency: HP
Project Partner: DSF, Recover-e-Alliance, Envirosense
Time Frame: 2007 - 2008
Empa y los RAEE en América Latina
Trinidad & Tobago:
e-Waste Management in T & T
Assessment Study
Colombia
Swiss e-Waste Programme
Assessment Study;
Facilitating the development of a national
e-waste management strategy
Funding Agency: Unido, Microsoft
Project Partner: MPA
Time Frame: 2010
Funding Agency: SECO
Project Partner: CNPMLTA
Time Frame: 2008 - 2012
Brazil:
Swiss e-Waste Programme
Facilitating the development of a
national e-waste management strategy
Funding Agency: SECO
Project Partner: FEAM
Time Frame: 2009
Peru
Swiss e-Waste Programme
Assessment Study;
Facilitating the development of a national
e-waste management strategy
Funding Agency: SECO
Project Partner: IPES
Time Frame: 2008 - 2012
Chile:
Regional Platform RELAC
Strategic cooperation
Funding Agency: IDRC
Project Partner: Sur
Time Frame: 2006 - 2011
Programa de SECO/EMPA e IDRC/Sur
Retos Ambientales
 Los RAEE contienen sustancias tóxicas (Pb, Cd, Sb, BFRs, etc.)
 A través del manejo inadecuado y la recuperación de las fracciones
valiosos se pueden liberar las sustancias tóxicas
Retos Logísticos
Dónde están nuestros RAEE?
…o allá?
Aquí…
Seminario Académico Internacional INNOVACIÓN – Septiembre 2011
Retos Tecnológicos
MECANICO
vs.
MANUAL
Reto «Mental»
Tecnologías Energéticas
Movilidad
Productos Electrónicos
Luminarias
WEEE Events in LAC (selected)
Dec 2005
North-South Dialogue on Experiences in Computer Recycling and Reconditioning,
Santiago, Chile
Jun 2006
International Workshop: Shared Responsibility for the Disposal of Computers, Brasilia,
Brazil
Nov 2006
International Workshop: "The refurbishment of PC recycling, an opportunity for LAC", San
Jose, Costa Rica
Jul 2008
International Workshop RELAC Roundtable, Santiago, Chile
Oct 2008
International Workshop REWAS 2008 with e-Waste Workshop, Cancun, Mexico
Sep 2009
E-Waste Study Tour for LAC, Switzerland and Austria
Nov 2009
International Workshop Launch of Regional Document RELAC, Panama, Panama
Apr 2010
RELAC Meeting, Mexico City, Mexico
Oct 2010
RELAC Meeting Public Sector, Lima, Peru
Mar 2011
Workshop and Publication of Regional Document RELAC, Medellin, Colombia
Oct 2011
E-Waste Side-events at COP10, Cartagena, Colombia
Dec 2011
eLAC / CEPAL International Seminar on WEEE, Santiago, Chile
May 2012
International Dialogue & PACE Meeting, San Salvador, El Salvador
Sep 2012
Intercambio Latinoamericano RAEE 2012, D.F., México
WEEE Events in LAC (selected)
Dec 2005
North-South Dialogue on Experiences in Computer Recycling and Reconditioning,
Santiago, Chile
Jun 2006
International Workshop: Shared Responsibility for the Disposal of Computers, Brasilia,
Brazil
Nov 2006
International Workshop: "The refurbishment of PC recycling, an opportunity for LAC", San
Jose, Costa Rica
Jul 2008
International Workshop RELAC Roundtable, Santiago, Chile
Oct 2008
International Workshop REWAS 2008 with e-Waste Workshop, Cancun, Mexico
Sep 2009
E-Waste Study Tour for LAC, Switzerland and Austria
Nov 2009
International Workshop Launch of Regional Document RELAC, Panama, Panama
Apr 2010
RELAC Meeting, Mexico City, Mexico
Oct 2010
RELAC Meeting Public Sector, Lima, Peru
Mar 2011
Workshop and Publication of Regional Document RELAC, Medellin, Colombia
Oct 2011
E-Waste Side-events at COP10, Cartagena, Colombia
Dec 2011
eLAC / CEPAL International Seminar on WEEE, Santiago, Chile
May 2012
International Dialogue & PACE Meeting, San Salvador, El Salvador
Sep 2012
Intercambio Latinoamericano RAEE 2012, D.F., México
REWAS Conference 2008
Artículo para REWAS
Study Tour Suiza/Austria 2009
Documento Regional 2010-2011
Cuáles son las «fuerzas motríces» y principales actores?
«PRODUCTORES»
GOBIERNOS
(OEMs, Importadores, Distribuidores, etc.)
(p.e. Ministerios de Ambiente o Salud)
En coordinación con: gestores, consumidores, academia, ONGs, etc.
 Armonización Regional
Primer paso en LAC:
Documento de «Lineamientos para la
Gestión de los RAEE en LAC»
Proceso y Estructura del Documento
Proceso de Elaboración:
 Panamá 2009:
Diagnóstico
 México 2010:
Estructura documento y conformación grupo de trabajo
 Lima 2010:
Trabajo con el sector público
 Medellín 2011:
Revisión final y compromiso
Estructura:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Conceptos claves de la Corriente RAEE
Elementos de los Sistemas de Gestión RAEE
Protocolo de Manejo para el Ciclo de Vida de los RAEE
Propuestas para un Marco Regional
Llamado para Afiches: Empa-RELAC
Panorama del Estado Actual
Mexico
WEEE Generation:
WEEE Legislation:
Compliance
schemes:
WEEE Recyclers:
Costa Rica
300.000 tons/year (2010)
2.7 kg/capita/year
No, but considered in the General
Waste Law (as special waste) and in
2 Official Mexican Standards (NOM)
No collective nor individual
compliance schemes, only corporate
take-back programs
10 licensed companies
WEEE Generation:
WEEE Legislation:
Compliance
schemes:
WEEE Recyclers:
No data available
Yes, Decree for WEEE
management since 2010
2 compliance schemes
(collective: ASEGIRE)
6 licensed companies
Colombia
WEEE Generation: 110.000 tons/year (2010)
2.4 kg/capita/year
WEEE Legislation: Decrees for computers &
peripherals, batteries and
lighting equipment since 2010
Compliance
1 collective, several individual
schemes:
(starting 2012), selective public
take-back campaigns
WEEE Recyclers: >5 licensed companies
Ecuador
WEEE Generation:
WEEE Legislation:
Compliance
schemes:
WEEE Recyclers:
No data available
No, but a specific regulation for
WEEE management is planned.
No collective nor individual
compliance schemes, only
selective take-back campaigns
2 licensed companies
Peru
WEEE Generation:
WEEE Legislation:
Compliance
schemes:
WEEE Recyclers:
Bolivia
100.000 tons/year (2010)
3.4 kg/capita/year
Decree on WEEE management in
process for approval, 2 technical
standards (INDECOPI)
No collective nor individual
compliance schemes, only publicprivate take-back campaigns
4 licensed companies
WEEE Generation: 30.000 tons/year (2010)
2.6 kg/capita/year
WEEE Legislation: No, but elaboration of technical
standards in process
Compliance
No collective nor individual
schemes:
compliance schemes, take-back
campaigns through civil society
WEEE Recyclers: No licensed companies
Argentina
Chile
WEEE Generation:
WEEE Legislation:
Compliance
schemes:
WEEE Recyclers:
70.000 tons/year (2010)
4.2 kg/capita/year
No, but Law project for WEEE and
General Waste Bill in preparation
No collective nor individual
compliance schemes, only
selective take-back campaigns
>2 licensed companies
WEEE Generation:
WEEE Legislation:
Compliance
schemes:
WEEE Recyclers:
120.000 tons/year (2010)
3 kg/capita/year
Not yet, but National WEEE Bill
is proximate to approval
No collective nor individual
compliance schemes, only
corporate take-back programs
>5 licensed companies
Generación de RAEE: LAC
Estimaciones de la Generación de RAEE y PC Waste 2010
Poblacion
[Mio.]
Generación RAEE
total [t]
Generacíon RAEE
por hab. [kg/cap.]
PC Waste total
[t]
PC Waste por
hab. [kg/cap.]
Argentina
40.5
120'000
3.0
-
-
Bolivia
10.9
30'000
2.8
-
-
Chile
16.8
70'000
4.2
10'500
0.63
Colombia
46.3
110'000
2.4
10'000
0.22
México
112.3
300'000
2.7
-
-
Perú
29.5
100'000
3.4
9'500
0.33
Total países
256.3
730'000
2.8 - 3.1
30'000
0.3 -0.4
Total LAC
600.0
1.5 - 1.8 Mio.
2.5 - 3.0
150'000 - 200'000
0.25 -0.35
País
Fuente: EMPA
RAEE
1.5 – 1.8 millones de toneladas
PC Waste
150.000 – 200.000 toneladas
RELAC: Collaboration with StEP
Intercambio Latinoamericano RAEE 2012
RELAC-Empa Lima 2012
Se espera:
 Dar un paso más en la
armonización regional y el
aprendizaje común
 Fortalecer el intercambio públicoprivado
 Consenso sobre como proceder
en el tema de los Estándares
Técnicos a nivel regional
 Consenso sobre como proceder
en el tema de los MTF y Basilea
El Mundo Virtual de los RAEE
www.empa.ch
www.ewasteguide.info
www.cnpml.org
www.raee.org.co
www.step-initiative.org
www.residuoselectronicos.net
www.raee-peru.org
www.weee-forum.org
www.ipes.org.pe