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B, ' ( ? ) -, ' @, 5 3 X. : ' a K a "% ( ? ) ( ) . ! 3 -, +- "!# 7# F, 1 / 3 2 ?A 12 . ) G) +< E7G !/ H, # >, : B, ' 180.000,0 166.455 158.443 160.000,0 140.000,0 160.813 136.391 120.000,0 117.460 110.237 100.000,0 96.004 80.000,0 79.541 total exports (millions of dollars) 60.817 60.000,0 51.832 40.000,0 20.000,0 0,0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Year total exports (millions of dollars) Source: Bank of Mexico. 2000 9, B, ' , + % E9 3 / -R, * +3 : # B X1 - 9) ! -, ' <@, : . "!#. 8? ) 012 E9 , .(S - Graph II PATTERN OF NATIONAL EXPORTS million dollars 9 !# * * , , 3 # B 9! 2001 2002 A/39/13 Add.4 - 17 - Graph III GDP increase 600.000,0 500.000,0 479.448 432.172 400.000,0 400.954 million dollars 398.110 421.024 363.707 332.304 314.687 300.000,0 285.637 260.326 200.000,0 100.000,0 0,0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Year Source: Bank of Mexico. # B 9! " !# 9 ? ( .( * . BG 9, ' ;3 :F !# .E G % F<> 4 +/ *8 , L 9 3 9, , 2 , 9, ' J . 3F * %4 3 F< <, Q : 9, ' # S /, # 3 9 ? 9 ? 9/, " % , (& + +/ 3 2 , : 3 ( ) . * 3 "!# 4 @, *! # <3 /, * R? 3 < . ! <, 9 E : 3 "!# ( + 4 +/, @9 ' F . '% :X > E # , A V G .( ) !<@ 4 8 # 9, , 9 9 1 * Z G) , ( +< V , 9? "% , A . *< - / P< , A <, E 9?. !,G % : *@ 9, 9, (& / > ' :( > 8, S/ ! # ? 1 @ , :P Q ( )( ) . 4 &3 / , ( R / , *% S/ : ?A S / 8 ? R 1G) " % , , , !8 # ;3 :L 19 E / . 3 M!8 K a ,> *! , , ) !8 ;3 : ! *+ 8 .( ) 5 3 *,@?9 , 2 ,' , , ' 012 A, ' "!# &9 , L 9 3 3 "!# 9 . 9, ' ! < X&9 /9 , E7G ] , L 9 3 8 , B, ' ! , : *, 1 ( ,@ E <, & # B 9! ! 9 9 9 ? 8, *# . E7G *< A/39/13 Add.4 - 18 - Graph IV PATENT APPLICATION PATTERNS 14.000 12.630 12.000 11.655 10.111 10.000 No. of patents 13.032 10.440 9.446 8.000 7.659 7.130 6.365 6.000 4.624 4.000 4.961 4.707 4.280 4.132 3.748 3.361 3.253 3.396 3.071 3.509 4.400 3.817 2.000 665 704 526 699 642 612 629 757 742 661 564 565 553 498 652 0 455 420 432 386 431 534 453 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 National Foreign Source: IMPI. 2 /, M<B 9 :M ( <, ( +< 9, 9, ' ( !# % & % * 3 :L 1 .Y7- # B 9! "!# X. :8+3 / B # "!# 9 ! ? E & , ) *3 : ! ! !,G 3 ?A E- , 9! 4 +/ S /, X , ] ,@ ' E 3 !+, 8 . * 3 / , : 9 + +/ 3 Q! Y7 ! Y37,G 8 *# . , !8 * 3 @!,G , : # B .(W G ) G) +< E7G A/39/13 Add.4 - 19 - Graph V RELATIVE FILINGS OF PATENT APPLICATIONS BY NATIONALS 1990-1999 3000 No. of applications 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Year Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Cuba Source: WIPO and RICYT. ! X. 3 9, , 9, ' 2 , /, E /, 1% f 2 ' Q ' <,! 9 ? ? % ( B <, ( Y +3 # , 9, ' ) : 2 / # B 9! "!# 5 7# * 3 +, :X&9 / 9 E #) 8 . * 3 E <, 4 8 < 9, B, M , 8, S / 3 <, < ( 8? Q 2 ,' ( <, .( )4 , *, ,G , 9, < "!# 3 # % 5 P <, :( , S/ ?, E 9 5 3 8, 9, ' ?, . U>, 88G 12 8% 3 9, :F Y / 9 ? 9, 9, 7 > 3 9 9, L 9 3a 9 ? B/ & ,, : G) +< E7G @3 .( )F T W ) 8 *# . , !8 , ,, , ! 3 . # B ! 3 /! 0 ,' 8+3 ( 5 9 ? ?# * 3 L! , , 9 * E- : 9, ( ) . NN ! 12 3 / A/39/13 Add.4 - 20 - Graph VI PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY APPLICANT TYPE: 1999 Nationals Research Institute 12% Company 36% Independent inventor 52% Graph VII PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION BY APPLICANT TYPE: 1999 Foreigners Company 95% Research Institute 1% Independent Inventor 4% Source: IMPI. 3 48 9, ' 88G 3 < 2 9 : 9 9 # B 9! A 9, @ /, # , <3 ( . F . "!# F % * " !# E B/ 9% 9 9 9 ?! U ,, , 3 < ;3 :L 1 9 : 8 # B 8 /, , : @!,G A/39/13 Add.4 - 21 - !< Y@ B/ Y # @, 6 @, ' . +, ( # "!# <, : . 9, 9, (& / Q Z G) ,) 3 . 4 2 , /, 3 G 9, E + E ?, , , 7 <! E 2 9, & ;3 : G) M E !/, X1 : # 3 & " # @ M / " 12 . < + ! 9, !< ( B ( 7 < B OBG :X B, ' 3 , <, F,<> 1 G ) : # B 9! 9 ! 9, 6 @, ' E + Y +/ E ?, , 7 < ! !! 2 , :M /3 + g M / W : 2) g ?A 12 . +, > !< E + 9 % W 9< F ) % : # 3 & 3 Z G) 7 < + . 9 ? "% 9, g :X B, ' 3 , <, ! 3 "!#) E < 1 ! 9: , 9, & ' NNK 3( ' ! E) : 5 3 . :8 , 3 5 3 ! < . * . :5 3 : ( , 5 3 &2 , L 9 * % g! R Y !# : NNKJ NN ( ,@ E7G ( 91 . H ! 3 E Q, & ( 8 3 , ( 9, (& 3( 9, /E 9, , 3: 8 8 , ' # +, , :Y ! 2 # 9,! ! ? ( , 3 9 ? *, B/ 9 ) ( /, 5 3 ( /, 9! .6 5 3 I E <, 3 >#) !! 9, !9L 9 + L 9 # 3 Q! : > + < , E7G 3 B 2. , . ' ! 9, G ? "!# ! 3 5+ 9 ?! 9, 9, ' ,# # 9, ?A /. E- , 9, & 3 B . L 1 U> .V G 3 .! * 79 . /7 : +, ( # ,) 3 B & , 3 # E . + 9 % : NN L 9 F, *? X1 X B, ' 9! , Y, @, Y8 & Q! :8 , 3 5 3 @, X E< % S/ : ,[ .( ) G) +< E7G 5 3 A/39/13 Add.4 - 22 - Graph VIII TECHNOLOGY BALANCE 450 400 million dollars 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 90 91 92 93 royalties 94 95 96 Year technical assistance 97 98 99 Source: Bank of Mexico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g, ? ! ! ! 5 1Q W7 ) % A/39/13 Add.4 - 23 - 3 /B 9, 7 88 ! 5 M?G # B # 8 4 9 # B < a < / ) < < ! (&* ) # M T ! < / (&* ) M, 9 < < 5 *9 (&* ) ' B,' (&@!, #1 < 8 ) 9 / . NN J NN ( ,@ 3 7 < % 5 3 Z G) < B ! B, 6 8 E- (*) .L 9 L : B / -9) 6 @ 9 : B, 6 8 *! ? , # B E9 3 :F !# , : ' B,' (&@!, #1 < # B > + < , 3 B S/ 88 ! # B * !, :8 , 3 5 3 E <, X 2 E < g! < (& * . # B : 5 3 E <, *, B E < g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dd.4 - 24 - 5 3 Z !<@ 9, !< .( , G! OBG / 3: ) +@ 9, % !< Y +, Graph IX BUDGET ADMINISTERED BY CONACYT, BY ACTIVITY 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 31,598 45,418 66,743 83,735 74,046 133,281 133,875 143,180 174,964 199,285 Education & Teaching in science & tech. 67,958 122,689 203,468 300,243 320,385 468,546 698,146 873,216 1,073,285 1,143,125 Experimental research & dev. 102,136 181,864 404,349 441,726 652,169 831,563 834,845 1,109,417 1,363,150 1,425,445 Scientific & tech. services Source: CONACYT. Q X1 F , R? 1G, #8 3 8 !< *# . , !8 9 9 2 ? , W G ( ,3 E7G 5 , + .: , V , & &<, " % L 9 3 # 3X 2 Q, X. /7 !< ' + # . i'% : G) 3 & !< .( ? < ) , ' A 01* , 9, !< H F< , . 1% :E - E "!<3 . # , +< E7G 8 # ,G !< *< W *3 3 . NNNJ NN NNaJ NN A/39/13 Add.4 - 25 - Graph X PROFILE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTION IN MEXICO 20000 18.271 18000 16000 14000 12000 9.830 10000 8000 6000 2.841 4000 2.146 2000 0 1990-1994 Year Mexican goods included in the ISI* 1995-1999 Patents applied for by nationals *Source: ISI 2 ( & & E :M /3 Y 9 8 !< 8, # >, : G) +< E7G < Y< , M / ? H, R Y !# : ? H, -R, # S / Y> . E5 Z /% 2 *?, ' M / .( - E )( ? !< E #) *?, ' * @, : +/' E #. P T) S/ # ? 3 >, < 6 @, ' E , ! @9 . !< , ! # ; / "/ * != # ( ) NNNJ NN NNaJ NN # NNNJ NN != NNaJ NN II ( ? < >, #$ N '+ / ! NNN : , ) ES / :L 9 .(S - E , 2. , L 9 *?, ' = !< ! 3 < ! "!# F, # !< H, ( & 3 F /7 Q! 7 Y - Y2 , 2 ? ;3 : 9 ) G) +< E7G 2 ( & "!# F, # / 2 ! 12 % S / : 012 9 9 ) ( /, !< *< -R, (*) : B + # !? E& !< H, & ' . . < 3 !< A/39/13 Add.4 - 26 ? ! 1 / 1 @ C A 78889788: != 1 @ 788B9788- 1 , 78889788: 788B9788- I II a , a E& Ia N N KII aa NI I K I K K IK Ka N , : 3 . 9, ' "!# < ! ( E& 3 0 ,9 W@ 3 9 9 * ) !? K 9 N L 9 a IN NNN : ( ) != $0 C a "!<3 . 2 1 2& # ( /, !< !< ' *< : B 9, ' 9 % H5 , 012 & , "!# M 8 I EB/ :E - E 3 !< !8 # < < 6 8+ # !8 # . 2 B G ( B ! 37 9 1% . 8 !< V , + Q! Y>@G E & ( NNN Y !8 ) ' :4 +/ @/ M ,9 @!9, +<, M 3 W9< ' < 8/ S /, "!# 8 < A 3 E X. L 2 W F . Y> . U /B 3 :( E <9 S / & 9 < 3 9, ( % !# # > . 3 ) L 9 3 3 9, ' ) V G ) 43 ) " / L 9 3 57 9, 8 ? . ",/ E !/, E/ H5 , U>, V, &* : * !< < # 8+ &7 8 Z G) ! ! "G ,, ' .Z G. * A 9, ' C " % 9, , Ek / . 0 + X1 4 +/ . T . *, < + 8 . 9, 43 , 3 5& , 012 M . E !/, + - 012 8 ? 3 , 3 : / / "% :* . F R? 012 E- 3 # B 9! . , ! , " % *! /, 9, ' 8 478; U , , , 9, ' 3Y % Y -R, -A / , /, . 3 L? ' *, , 8 , ! 9, Y & E9?, # B 9! 4 +/ 9 1% 8+3 9, , , 8 8G, ?, C ? % E7G 8 <B "!# 3 "!# ( + ( & Y . . 9, 012 E7Q, 8, (& / E . L1 : 9, R? A .E : # B 9, , 8 9, ' 3 R? <, ( 2 < ,# -R, J U, 3 " % NN R? <, ( 2 < " % L 9 > Z. 9! E>3. ( B 6 @, 7 * B @ / ,% :( 2 < !/ <@, . 9 9 9, E , H , & &<, " % , Z . 9 A/39/13 Add.4 - 27 - ( + <@, B (Y !8 E & (Y !8 ! #( B !8 ) 9 * 2: ! < ) ( 3Q ( !8 a K) + 3. M ( 5 3 ) (5 3 ) ! #( B ! E < 9. ! * 9 * (5 3 R? <, ( 2 < <B "!# R? <, ( 2 < (Y !8 a ) * (Y !8 a) .(Y !8 )L 9 ( !8 a) ;3 : ! ) ( 3Q !8 5 .( E !T. ;3 : # 012 " % (5 3 )L 9 3a . ) 9 * *,!, 3 D 1 '--- # '--7 6 # # =, 1E '--' 6 @ # 6 # # 6 # 9 * B - * + 3. M - ( 3Q E& L 9 9 !@ 9 - : B R ? #( <, ( 2 < ( & "% , Z . .( ?# X / ,G , 8 !8 # & : <B "!# :(W G E ) NN 1 ( 8 ( B )V G 3 9 9 8 / ; / =, NNN NN 1E NNK F # NNI 6 NN A/39/13 Add.4 - 28 K K IK aa a . # B L 9 9! ! 9 9 *< : B Graph XI PATENTS GRANTED TO MEXICANS ABROAD 250 No. of patents 200 192 150 134 109 108 118 100 50 0 95 96 97 98 99 Year Source: WIPO. < + , A 3 R? <, ( 2 < ( + 9 ? 5 3 !+, *# . , !8 : ! 3 / ( ) . +# ( # E 8 , 7< 6 , 9% 9 9 @, ! * 3 F# ,G / &,< , ! ,G 1 8 # ,G # ,G 5 3I 9: > + , 9 ? & , 12 W9< . < ! ( /, ' M,9 Z 9 9 R? <, ( 2 < / ,. : @ 9 < 4!<, 3 F, ,G , . , -9. F, * 8 + 8 9, 4 , 9 9 <@, ! * 9: R? <, ( 2 < " % > ' E !8 E9 5 3 / M# , , 9 , : 9 ) ( /, ' "!# Y . &9 , Z G) < . " % -9R3 -9. ,@, 8 !8 M /B. . T .V G 3 # <B "!# # 9 9 !8 8+3 5 3 S / : NN 1 A/39/13 Add.4 - 29 - . 3 !8 + # . :( ?# .( ?# S - - ) ( /, ) ( + ) ' 3 # . 3 B G :Z G. Graph XII PERCENTAGE INVOLVEMENT OF MEXICAN PATENT APPLICATIONS IN THE WORLD 120% Percentage participation 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 90 91 92 93 94 95 Year applications filed with the USPTO 96 97 98 99 00 applications filed elsewhere in the world Source: WIPO. Graph XIII INVOLVEMENT OF MEXICAN PATENT APPLICATIONS IN CERTAIN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Germany United Kingdom 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Spain Source: WIPO. C , ,# # , G ( , <3 5 @ +, /, :Y 012 4 * !# 4@, EB3 3 Y< , +3 :Y G. U U , A/39/13 Add.4 - 30 - , 1* L E!/ 2 :Y' R 3 . . 3 L? ' 7< +, " % 6 @, ' " E ( 9% 9 :2 * . ! ; % . 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See WIPO document A/36/14: Memorandum by the Director General entitled “Agenda for the development of the international patent system,” Geneva, August 6, 2001. See WIPO document A/37/6: Memorandum by the Director General entitled “WIPO Patent Agenda: Options for development of the international patent system,” Geneva, August 19, 2002. Correa, M. Carlos and Musungu F. Sisule: “The WIPO Patent Agenda: A new risk for developing countries?” South Center, Geneva, 2002. Correa, op. cit., p. 23; Okediji, R., “Setting an Agenda for Intellectual Property Negotiations in the Next Five Years,” Bellagio (mimeo) 2002, p. 1. Correa, op. cit., p. 26; Barton, J., “Integrating IPR policies in development strategies,” background paper for 2002 Bellagio meeting. Correa, op. cit., p. 23; CIPR, Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy, London, 2002, p. 8. See WIPO document A/37/14: General Report of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, Geneva, October 1, 2002, par. 320. Dunning, J., “Multinational enterprises and the globalization of innovatory capacity,” Research Policy, vol. 10, No. 23, 1996. Huerta Casado, Y., “El Tratado de Libre Comercio en materia de Propiedad Intelectual y sus repercusiones en América Latina” en Derecho de la Propiedad Intelectual: Una perspectiva trinacional. Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas. Series H : Estudios de Derecho Internacional Público, No. 26. Autonomous National University of Mexico, 1998, pp. 125-154. Aboitas Aguilar, J., “Estudio sobre el Sistema de Propiedad Industrial hacia el Siglo XXI” Final report for the Mexican Industrial Property Institute, October 2000, p. 3. 11. Huerta, op. cit., p. 143. 12. See http://www.economia.gob.mx 13. 14. 15. 16. 35 See WIPO document PCT/R/WG/4/7: “Options for Future Development of International Search and Examination,” Geneva, March 21, 2003. See http://www.economia.gob.mx Bueno Campos, E., “Fundamentos de economía y organización industrial”, McGrawHill, Spain, 1994. Corona Treviño, L., “Innovación y competitividad empresarial.” Contributions: Review of the Economics Faculty-BUAP, Year VII, No. 20, pp. 55-65. A/39/13 Add.4 - 35 - 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Simesen, C., “Los grupos empresariales tipo conglomerado en México,” mastership thesis, Accountancy and Administration Faculty, Autonomous National University of Mexico, 2001. Castañón, R. and Solleiro, J.L., “Evaluación de la competitividad de empresas de alimentos pequeñas y medianas en la ciudad de México,” to be published in the records of the XXII Simposium on Innovation Management, Salvador, Brasil. Solleiro, J.L., “El programa especial de Ciencia y Tecnología 2001-2006 (PECYT) y el Sistema Nacional de Innovación.” Contributions: Review of the Economics FacultyBUAP. Year VII, No. 20, pp. 41-53. Idem. Keun, L., Dong, H. and Chaesung, L., “Industrial Property Rights and Technological Development in the Republic of Korea.” Institute of Economic Research, National University of Seoul, Korea, for the World Intellectual Property Organization, May 2002. 22. See OCDE, “Main Science and Technology Indicators” 1999-2. 23. Correa, op. cit. 24. 25. 26. Bank of Mexico, Foreign Sector indicators, Monthly Record No. 209, Merchandise Export Data by Originating Economic Activity, January 2000. See OECD, “Managing National Innovations,” Paris, 1999. Bazdresch Parada, C., “Indicadores de Actividades Científicas y Tecnológicas,” 19901999, México. SEP-CONACYT, p. 157. 27. Aguayo Quezada, S., “México en Cifras”, Ed. Grijalbo, p. 277. 28. CIPR, op. cit., p. 121. 29. Aboites Aguilar, J. and Soria, M., “Innovación propiedad intelectual y estrategias tecnológicas. La experiencia de la economía mexicana.” Metropolitan Autonomous University. Publ. Miguel Angel Porrúa, Mexico, 1999. 30. Solleiro, op.cit. 31. 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