Ingles global Unidad 1 Present simple: Situaciones permanentes, hábitos, rutinas, algo científico

Ingles global
Unidad 1
Present simple: (Amo)
Situaciones permanentes, hábitos, rutinas, algo científico
jhon grites science fiction books.
Does your brother work in this café?
Wknow wheter there is intelligent life in space.
Present continuos: (Amando).
Cosas que están pasando ahora, situaciones temporales, algo futuro fijo.
Hill is reawing a smart new jackect
They aren´t coming toi the club whith us.
What are you doing tomorrow night?
Past simple (Amó).
Algo finalizado en el pasado.
Sarah invited me to her party last weekend
We didn´t watch the film about aliens after all.
Dis mick and carol go shopping yesterday?
Past continuos: (amaba).
Algo que continúa o que no ha finalizado desde el pasado.
Jhon was mending his motorbike in the garage.
The woman wasn´t walking very fast.
Was your friend waiting for us in the café.
Subject and object questions
*Cuando who o what es el sujeto de la pregunta, usamos la forma afirmativa del verbo: someone phoned late
last night.
1
Who phoned last night?
*Cuando who o what es el objeto usamos do, does o did:
something happened at school.
What did happen at school?.
Unidad 2
Will:
Pedicciones generales, decisiones tomadas en el momento de hablar, (con can se pone will be able to)
Gloval warming Hill be a seriousproblem in the future
It{s very hot, i will open a window.
Going to:
Predicciones basadas en la evidencia, describe intenciones o planes tomadas antes del momento de hablar.
According to the weather, it´s going to be hot and sunny tomorrow.
We´re going to buy a new computer this weekend.
Infinitivos con to:
Se pone después de adjetivos y de algunos verbos(agree, arrenge, ask, decide, forget, offer, manage, plan,
promise, want...: my dad promised to buy me some new clothes.
Infinitivos con −ing:
Después de algunos verbos (admit, enjoy, finish, imagine, sep, stop, suggest), después de preposiciones, como
nombre: hunting animals is an increasing problem. He enjoys listenings to heavy metal music
Unidad 3
Present perfect simple: (ha amado)
Experiencias en la vida de alguien, accion pasada en con resultado en el present, una accion que paso en el
pasado y continua en el present,
Sue have released another new album.
The band haven´t sung together for years.
Have you been to the new club in green street?
Present perfect continuous: (estado amando)
2
resultado de un actividad, cúanto dura una actividad.( the band have been touring for five months.
We have been listening to cds in the living room.
Ana hasn´t been feeling well today.
Have they been waiting outside for a long time?
For and since:
For 5 days, since 1987.
Just, yet and already:
Just − acaba de pasar (I have just bought a new cd).
Yet −todabia (have you had your exams results yet?).
Already −ya (I have already bought it).
Unidad 4
−ed y −ing adjetivos:
−ed lo que sientes (I did´t enjoy the party because I was bored.)
−ing describe cosas o gente (she is an interesting writer and I´m interested in the subjects she writes about).
Phrasal verbs:
a bit− un poco, break down−venirse abajo, be fed up−estar harto, fit in−sentirse bien y contenta, have a
fit−furiosa, live it up−derrochar, put off−apagar o quitar las ganas, take to−tomar, wind down−relajarse.
modal verbs:
Presente:
Obligacion − must, have to.
Sin obligacion − need y don´t have to.
Consejo − should, ought to, had better.
Habilidad − can.
past perfect simple: (habia amado)
Una accion que pasó antes de otra accion o de un tiempo definido en el pasado.
Sam had been an athlete before he became a stuntman.
We hadn´t finished our meal when jenny arrived.
3
Had you done much training before the competition.
past perfect continuos: (habia estado amando)
acción que pasó antes de otra acción o el tiempo definido en el pasado, cuando nosotros queremos dar énfasis
a cuánto tiempo una continuó una actividad.
She had been running foro ver two hours when she collapsed.
The team hadn´t been playing for more than two minutes when it started raining.
Had you been practising for a long time before i got there?.
Unidad 5
unless, as long as, provided that
sino, con tal de que, si es que
phrasal verbs
bring out: llevar, bring round: convencer, brought off: obtener éxito, bring back: traer recuerdos, brought up:
educar, bring up: sacar a relucir, bring back: traer recuerdos, bring in: utilizar a alguien como experto
Unidad 6
reported speech
Direct = reported speech
Say+that+clause
Tell+object+that+clause
Today = that day
Tomorrow = the following day
Yesterday = the day before
Next month = the following month
Last Saturday = the sturday before
*ejemplos: i really like my new girlfriend−−−−he said that he really liked his new girlfriend.
i wish and if only
4
subject + wish/ if only:subject + simple past (present)
:subject + past perfect (past)
i wish i knew more people / If only i had listened to my mum. Ojala / solamente
vocabulario:
Fall in love,Get divorced, Get a job, Bring up children, Get married, Have a baby, Retire, Get engaged, Go to
university.
Phrasal verbs:
break off a relation ship: romper una relacion.
Fall out: reñir con alguien
Get on: seguir con alguien, tener éxito en una relacion
Get over: superar
Go out: salir con alguien
Let down: decepcion
Split up: dejar
Unidad 7
too and enough
Se usa enought antes de nombres pero antes de verbos, adj, o adv: most people get enought food to eat.
Se usa too antes de adj, adv, o de much/many + nombres: i´m too lazy to go for a run
so / such
se use so+ adj/adv + that + clause: after walking all day, we were so tired that we went to bed really aerly.
Se usa so much + incontable nombre y so many concontables + that+ clause: clare ate so much food taht she
coldn´t move for an hour.
Se usa such (a/an) + nombre (+that + clause): gladiator is such a good film that i have seen it three times.
relativos
Vocabulario:
Adjetivos: Unnecessary (Innecesario), uncomfortable (incómodo), uneasy (difícil), inusual (raro)
Invisible (invisible), inconsiderate (desconsiderado), sensitive (sensible).
5
Impatient (impaciente), impolite (mal educado), impractical (impractico).
Ilegal (ilegal), illegible (ilegible), illogical (ilogico).
Dishonest (deshonesto), disobedient (desobediente), disatisface (descontento).
Aspecto fisico: wavy(ondulado,), blonde( rubio), attractive, shoulder−length(hasta el hombro), plump(gordo),
curly(rizado), pale(palido), short(corto), spiky(puntiagudo), petite(pekeño), pretty, tall, denim(vakero),
woollen(lana), dark, bald(oscuro), slim, well−built, red, flowery, modern, cotton, striped(rayado).
Personality: self−assured,(seguro de sí mismo) absent−minded (distraído), open−minded(de mente abierta),
self−centred( egocentrico) easy−going(buen trato) bad−tempered.(mal genio).
Expression: La expresión:
Gesture: El gesto:
Impression: La impresión:
Psychology: La psicología:
Sign: La señal:
Tone of voice: El tono de voz:
Unidad 8
pasivas
have or something done
he is having his hair cut tomorrow
will you get the car repaired at that new garage?
reported questions
had you seen the film before?−she asked me if i had seen the film before.
when are you taking your exams?−he asked me when i was taking my exams
do you understand the question?−she asked him if he understood the question
vocabulario:
Pass, graduate from, revise for(repasar para), write, get(consegir), study for, train as(entrenarse), take(cojer)
Campus: campus
College: universidad
Hall of residence: residencia de estudiantes
6
Lecture: conferencia
Library: biblioteca
Pressure: presion
Scholarship: beca
Seminar: seminario
Shared house: casa compartida
Student: studiante
Term: termino
Tuition: matricula
University: universidad
Adjetivos:
Academic: academico
Financial: financiero
Hectic: agitado
Part−time: tiempo partido
Stressful: estesante
Nombres:
Class: clase
Homework: deveres
Primary school: escuela primaria
Principal: director
Teacher: profesor
Test: test
Expresiones
Get good marks: tener buenas notas
7
Graduate from university: graduarse para la universidad
Pass an exam: aprobar un examen
Revise for a exam: preparar y estudiar un examen
Study for a degree: estudiar para un grado
Take notes: tener nota
Train as a teacher: repadar con un profesor de apoyo
Write an essay: escribir un texto
Absent from: ausente
Aware of: consciente
Disappointed with: en descuerdo
Good at: bueno
Interested in: interesado en
Relevant to: importante
Typical of: tipico
Verbos:
Borrow: prestar
Bring: traer
Expect: esperar
Fit: ataque
Lay:disposicion
Lend:prestar
Lie: mentira
Remember: recordar
Remind: recordar
Take: tomar
Wait for. esperar
8
Unidad 9
modal verbs:
may, might, could: cuando creemos que algo es posible:
eating less animal fats could help you live longer
must es cuando estamos seguros de que algo es cierto:
she must be very Cléber, she went to university a year early.
Se pone can´t cuando tenemos la certeza de que algo es imposible:
he can´t be hungry. He´s just eaten 3 pizzas!
used to:
Se use used to para hablar de pasados habitos o estados que no eran verdad.
affirmativa: used to+ infinitivo:
i used to go running every day
negativa: didn´t + use to + infinitivo:
anna didn´t use to work very hard.
Interrogativa: did +subject+use to+ infinitive:
did she use to go to your school?
be used to/get used to:
cuando algo es unusual, dificil, o straño en el pasado pero que ya nos emos acostumbrado a ello.
i´m used to doing a lot of exercise now, but i found it difficult at first.
Be used to describe estados de costumbre, y get used el proceso de acostumbramiento.
Vocabulario:
Comedy: comedioa
Humor: humor
Joke: chiste
9
Giggle:risita
Laugh:risa
Smile:sonrisa
Bloo pressure:tension arterial
Diet.dieta
Cancer:cancer
Cold:frio
Flu:gripe
Heart:corazon
Lungs: pulmones
Illness: enfermedad
Immune system: sistema inmunologico
Operation:operacion
Pain: dolor
Sore throat: mala garganta
Therapy: terapia
Boost: empujon
Faint:desmayo
Hurt:herida
Lose weight: perder peso
Recover: recuperar
Contagious: contagioso
Dizzy: vertiginoso
Sick: enfermo
Unconscious: inconsciente
Feel: sentir
10
Look as though: parecer como si
Look like: parecer como
Seem:parecer
Smell:olor
Sound: sonido
Taste:sabor
Burn off calories: quemar calorias
Come down with: venirse abajo
Come round :venir al rededor
Pass out: desmayarse
Aerobics: aerobic
Energy: energia
Fitness: aptitud
Gym: gimnasio
Jog:yoga
Karate
Kickboxing
Martial art
Salsa
Energetic
Strong
Unfit: incapaz
Look frightened: verse nervioso
He looks like a film star: le gustaria ser una etrella
He appears to be bored: el parece aburrido
11
Less/full
presente simple−these computers are made in japan.
Present continuos−the exam papers are being marked this week.
Past simple−the house was built in 1900
Past continuos−the girls were being questioned.
Present perfect−some money has been taken from my bag.
Past perfect− the accidnt had been reported to the police
Will− the new college wil be opened on 4 may
Future perfect−all the candidates will have been intervewed by then.
Should− each estudents should be given a certificate.
Ejemplos: we believe peter and mari are unhappy−it is believe that peter an mary are unhappy−peter and mary
are believe to be unhappy
Present s .= past s. {i really like my new girl−he said that he really like his new girl}
Present c .= past c. {i´m seeing john this evening−she said that she was seeing jhon that evening}
Past s .= past perfect s. {i went to the new cafewith sara−she said that he had been to the new cafe with sara}
Present perfect s.= past perfect s. {i have sent him last emails− she said that she had sent him lost of emails}
will/won´ t= would/wouldn´t {i will phone her later −he said that he would phone her later}
Can = could {i can imagine going out with him−she said that she could imagine going out with him}
first conditional
situaciones posibles y facil que ocurran, se pone if + presente, will / won´t + infinitivo.
If the advert is a success, we will sell a lot of products.
second conditional{
situaciones hipotéticas y dificileso imposibles, se pone if + pasado, would + infinitivo.
If i heard a burglar in my house, i would phone the police.
third conditional
Situacionesimaginarias o imposibles, se pone if + past perfect, would/wouldn´thave + past participle.
If you had paid for more lessons, you would have passed your driving test.
12
Defining: para dar informacion esencial, el pronombre relativo puede omitirse cuando es el objeto, no se usan
las comas, xa cosa (who , whon), xa cosas (which, that), xa sitos (were), xa tiempo (when): people who are
shy don´t usually like parties.
mr smith was the teacher i liked best= mr smith was the teacher who i liked best
Non defining: información extra, el pronombre no se omite, se usan comas, gente(who, whom, whose), cosas
(which), lugares (where), tiempo (when).
her last book, which was a best −seller, was about human behaviour.
Present s .= past s.
Present c .= past c.
Past s .= past perfect s.
Present perfect s.= past perfect s.
will/won´ t= would/wouldn´t
Can = could
13