UNIT 2: OCEANS AND RIVERS

I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
UNIT 2: OCEANS AND RIVERS
THE PROBLEM OF THE WATER
DRINKING WATER
WHERE DOES MY DRINKING WATER COME FROM?
The water you get from your faucet can come from two
places - from the water in lakes or rivers (surface
water), or from water that comes from wells
(groundwater).
Many people in this area who live in large cities or
towns get their water for drinking from lakes and
rivers. But, most people in the Spain get their
drinking water from groundwater.
WHY IS DRINKING WATER IMPORTANT?
All plants and animals, including people, have to
drink water. If they don't drink enough good, clean
water, they will get sick, or can even die. But our
water isn't always clean enough. Sometimes it has
germs and chemicals in it. So, we have to clean the
water up before we drink it so that it doesn't make us
sick.
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
FIND OUT ABOUT THE WATER CYCLE
Watered Down = Precipitation
Precipitation is made up of any type
of water that falls to the earth like
snow, hail, mist, or rain.
Soaking it Up = Infiltration
Infiltration happens when water soaks
into the soil from the ground level.
It moves underground and moves between
the soil and rocks. Some of the water
will be soaked up by roots to help
plants grow.
Some of the water keeps moving down
into the soil to a level that is
filled with water, called ground water
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
Underground Water = Ground Water
Ground water is simply water
under the ground where the soil
is completely filled or saturated
with water.
Ground water that meets the
land surface also helps keep
rivers, streams, lakes and
wetlands filled with water.
Fill ‘er Up = The Water Table
The Water Table is found underground
where the rock and soil begin to be
filled or "saturated" with water.
When ground water meets the land
surface, it flows out and helps keep
rivers, streams, lakes and wetlands
filled with water.
Up, Up in the Air = Evaporation
Warmth from the sun causes water from
lakes, streams, ice, and soils to turn
into water vapor in the air.
Almost all of the precipitated water
(80 percent) goes right back into the air
because of evaporation. The rest runs
off the land or soaks into the ground to
become ground water.
Plant Sweat = Transpiration
Transpiration happens when plants give
off water vapor through tiny pores in
their leaves. This is the plant’s way of
getting rid of waste, just like people
and animals sweat when they’re hot!
This water vapor evaporates into the
air and is stored in the atmosphere
until it becomes clouds or precipitation
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
Humidity = Water Vapor
Water vapor is
water in a gas
form that is held
in the air until it
changes back to
water. The water
can change into fine droplets by "condensing" in the
air, and we get clouds. When the droplets get big
enough, they are pulled to the earth by gravity as
precipitation, better known as rain, snow, frost, etc.
Did You Know....?
*
97% of the water on earth is in the oceans
* Only 3% of the water on earth is freshwater
* About 2.4% of the water on earth is permanently
frozen in glaciers and at the polar ice caps
* About 1/2 of 1 % of the water on earth is
groundwater
* Only about 1/100 of 1% of the water on earth is
in the rivers and lakes
* Over 17,000,000 houses use private wells for
their drinking water supply
* A person can live about a month without food,
but can live only about 1 week without water
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
What Can You Do to Help?
There are many small things you can do
to protect your drinking water in a big way!
• If your parents change the oil in the car
themselves, make sure that they take the old
used oil to a recycling center. That keeps the
oil from getting on the ground and polluting the
water under the ground that someone may drink
some day
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
Find the word
below in the grid to
the left.
cloud
condensation
energy
evaporation
hail
ice crystal
lake
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ocean
precipitation
rain
river
runoff
sea
snow
stream
sun
water cycle
water droplet
water vapor
wind
I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
DEFINITIONS
. Ice crystals that fall from the
sky. snow
. Water that has been heated to
a gas. Water vapor
. Frozen rain. hail
. A large body of water that
flows across the land. river
. A large body of salt water.
ocean
. The process of changing
from water vapor to water
droplets. condensation
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. What provides the energy
that drives the water cycle?
sun
. These form in the sky when
water vapor condenses into
water droplets. clouds
. The process of water
droplets or ice crystals falling
from the sky. precipitation
. A large body of fresh water.
lake
. A small body of water that
flows across the land. stream
. The process of water moving
through the world by
precipitation, evaporation, and
condensation. Water cycle
. The process of water turning
into a vapor. condensation
. Water that flows in streams
and river into the oceans and
lakes. runoff
. Water droplets that fall from
the sky. rain
I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
Phases of the Water Cycle
Write the correct letter from the picture next to the word in the box
Evaporation ____
Ground Water ____
Transpiration___
Infiltration ____
Precipitation ____
Water Vapor ___
a.
b.
c.
e.
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d.
f.
I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
Visual Dictionary
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
OCEANS AND RIVERS OF THE LAND
The planet is approximately 71% water and contains
five oceans, including the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian,
Pacific and Southern.
Their borders are indicated on the world image (right)
in varied shades of blue.
For many years only four oceans were officially
recognized, and then in the spring of 2000, the
International Hydrographic Organization established
the Southern Ocean, and determined its limits.
Those limits include all water below 60 degrees south,
and some of it, like the Arctic Ocean, is frozen.
Oceans by size:
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
1 Pacific (155,557,000 sq km)
2 Atlantic (76,762,000 sq km)
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
3 Indian (68,556,000 sq km)
4 Southern (20,327,000 sq km)
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
5 Arctic (14,056,000 sq km)
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
Top Ten Longest Rivers
1. The Nile in Africa with a length of 4,145 miles
2. The Amazon-Ucayali in South America with a length
of 4,000 miles
3. The Yangtze in Asia with a length of 3,900 miles
4. The Mississippi-Missouri in North America with a
length of 3,740 miles
5. The Huang in Asia with a length of 3,395miles
6. The Ob-Irtysh in Asia with an length of 3,362 miles
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
7. Rio de la Plata-Parana in South America with a
length of 3,030 miles
8. The Congo in Africa with a length of 2,900 miles
9. Parana in South America with a length of 2,800
miles
10. Amur-Ergun in Asia with an length of 2,761 miles
Rivers and seas of Europa and of
the Iberian peninsula.
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
Europe
Hundreds of rivers and their tributaries cross the
European continent.
The European out-standing rivers are:
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
Spain:
The main rivers of Spain flow west and south to the
Atlantic Ocean. The Duero (Douro), Miño, Tajo (Tagus), and
Guadiana rivers rise in Spain and flow through Portugal to
the Atlantic. The Guadalquivir River is the deepest and
most navigable. The Ebro River which flows through Zaragoza
flows into the Mediterranean Sea and is navigable for part
of its course. The rivers are a good source of electric
power
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
Geography Quiz!
Read the text and answer the following questions:
1. How many oceans are there in the world? What are their names?
2. What are the limits of the Southern Ocean?
3. Which ocean is the biggest?
4. Which river is longest?
5. Bonus Question: In which two directions do rivers flow in Spain?
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
Label the Oceans!
Label the five Oceans from the word bank on the map:
Word Bank
Arctic Ocean – This Ocean is located at the North Pole. It is the
smallest ocean.
Atlantic Ocean – The Atlantic Ocean borders Western Europe,
western Africa, Antarctica, and eastern North and South America.
Indian Ocean - An ocean bordering eastern Africa, southern
Asia, Western Australia, and Antarctica.
Pacific Ocean – This Ocean is the largest ocean.
Southern Ocean – This Ocean borders Antarctica and exists at
60 degrees latitude and below. This fifth ocean was recognized by
the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of
2000.
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
______
________________
__________
__________
__________
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
Mathematics: Whole Number Exercises
1.
Vocabulary
Rise=subir
Dawn=alba
Drop=bajar
Degree=grado
One winter day the temperature was two degrees below zero at dawn.
At noon the temperature had risen 8 degrees and at five o’clock the temperature had
risen 3 degrees more.
From five o’clock until midnight it dropped 5 degrees.
From midnight until dawn of the second day the temperature dropped six degrees
more.
What was the temperature at dawn of the second day?
____ºC
6 metres above sea level
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
2. A scuba diver (buzo) who works in a submarine is on a platform 6 metres above
sea level and does the following movements.
a.)
b.)
c.)
d.)
He goes down 20 metres to drop off materials
He goes down 12 metres more to weld (soldar) metal.
He goes up 8 metres to repair a tube
Finally he returns to the platform.
How many metres did the scuba diver go up during the last movement to the platform?
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
NATURAL SCIENCES.
Circle the correct sentence:
1º A molecule of water has…
a)
b)
c)
d)
One atom of Oxygen and two atoms of Hydrogen
One atom of Hydrogen and two atoms of Oxygen
One atom of Hydrogen and one atom of Oxygen
Two atom of Oxygen and two atoms of Hydrogen
2º A liter of water has…
a)
b)
c)
d)
1 gram of mass
10 grams of mass
100 grams of mass
1000 grams of mass
3º The fusion point of water is…
a)
b)
c)
d)
0ºC
10 ºC
100 ºC
1000 ºC
4º The boiling point of water is…
a)
b)
c)
d)
0ºC
10 ºC
100 ºC
1000 ºC
5º In a solid…
a)
b)
c)
d)
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All molecules form a crystal structure.
Molecules are disorded
Molecules aren’t united.
Molecules can move freely in all directions
O
H
H
I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
6º In a solution the less abundant part is…
a)
b)
c)
d)
The solvent
Oil
Water
The solute
7º If we wish to separate water with sand, what
separation technique will we use?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Filtration
Decantation
Crystallization
Distillation
8º If we wish to separate a mixed of oil and water,
what separation technique will we use?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Filtration
Decantation
Crystallization
Distillation
9º If we wish to separate a mixed of salt and water,
what separation technique will we use?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Filtration
Decantation
Crystallization
Distillation
10º If we wish to separate a solution of alcohol and
water, what separation technique will we use?
a)
b)
c)
d)
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Filtration
Decantation
Crystallization
Distillation
I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
VISUAL DICTIONARY
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
INTERNET RESOURCES
http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/caer/ce/eek/earth/groun
dwater/watercycle.htm
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/education/primary/students
/watercycle.html
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cycle
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercy
cle/index.html
http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=X0M4xMkgRVc&feature=rela
ted
http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=rUqIWRW6_Pc&feature=rela
ted
http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography-for-kids/
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.epa.gov/kids/water.htm
http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/caer/ce/eek/earth/g
roundwater/watercycle.htm
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I.E.S. Sierra Nevada. Departments of Natural Sciences,
Geography and History, Mathematics and English.
On-line dictionary
www.dictionary.com
On-line encyclopaedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
CLIL Information (links, how to create activities, resources)
http://www.isabelperez.com/clil.htm
Links and CLIL activities
http://www.richmondelt.com/clil/
Vocabulary Building
http://www.scholastic.com/kids/homework/maggie_science.htm
Science labelling – students are given 30 seconds to ‘study’ diagram then click
and drag to right place (Earth, flowers, fish, respiratory system, atmosphere)
http://www.eflnet.com
Click on Vocabulary section. Wide range of vocabulary activities (click on
correct photo, click and drag, multiple choice, listen and click) Also includes
hangman game and ‘slang’ section.
http://www.edhelper.com/
Material for Maths, Science, Music, Social Studies and more. Click on subject
then go the ‘theme units’ for a variety of topic and lessons (Note: American
English)
http://www.studystack.com/
Word lists, games, matching activities for secondary school Maths, Science,
History and Geography. Click on subject, pick topic and click on activity
(flashcards, wordsearch, matching, hangman etc.)
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