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C!/*,/% µ %#!-'!20#3*#0/'/!/%-!1%/0*!6!0!%#!%-!&'/0*!/%!.,'! %#9%&'!>.%!#%!1.%2%!3*,!2%-*30/'/!J!%,!%-!10#1*7! ! ! <0!N%!SS!QC!-'!9.%&4'!/%!&*4'10%,$*!%#!-'!#0?.0%,$%H!! % " !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +014< = ⋅ M 9 ⋅ ρ ⋅ ) ⋅ J 6 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!4$% 6 % )'*#'+3-% !4$0! T.%&4'! /%! &*4'10%,$*! 5'&'! N%6,*-/#! 1.3G*! 1'6*&! '! QC! /*,/%! )! %#! %-! ;&%'! $&',#2%&#'-! /%-! 3.%&5*! Iπ* 0FC! 5'&'! .,'! %#9%&'JC! J! %#! -'! 2%-*30/'/! /%-! 10#1*C! ρ*-'! /%,#0/'/! /%-! 1%/0*!/*,/%!#%!1.%2%!6!M9C!.,!3*%9030%,$%!,.1U&03*!3.6*!2'-*&!/%5%,/%!/%!&<*6!-'!9*&1'!/%-! !"$ *()%$*7!"-!2'-*&!/%!M9!#%!/%$%&10,'!%=5%&01%,$'-1%,$%7! !!! ! !! 12*,-,"$34$+/'$(*56"" ! ! 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− K7 )6 + (L" − L 7 )6 (D" −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⋅ 41C(θ 7 ) !!!:#$!!! J L 7 = J 7 ⋅ C<E(θ 7 ) !!!:&$% ! /*,/%! θ 7 %#!%-!;,?.-*!0,030'-!'-!>.%!#'-%!/0#5'&'/'!-'!5%-*$0$'7!`!%#$%!;,?.-*!-*!3*,*3%1*#C!6'! >.%!%-!/0#5*#0$02*!%#$;!?&'/.'/*!'-!10#1*7! ! ! W*,!-'!2%-*30/'/!0,030'-! J 7 C!#%! /%$%&10,+! %-!,M1%&*!/%!N%6,*-/#C!.$0-04',/*!-'!9+&1.-'! !1$! 6! #%! *($.2*! .,! N%6,*-/#! /%-! *&/%,! /%! ^XXX7! W*1*! 5*/%1*#! 2%&! %-! N%6,*-/#! %#! 1.3G*! 1'6*&! >.%! -'! .,0/'/! I&<! SSQJC! 5*&! -*! $',$*! #%! 3'-3.-+! 3*,! -'! 9+&1.-'! !4$;! -'! 9.%&4'! /%! &*4'10%,$*C! +014< 7! ! `5-03',/*!-'!#%?.,/'!B%6!/%!a%D$*,!%,!-'!/0&%330+,!!!6!"C!$%,%1*#H! ! + K 7 = N ⋅ A K 7 = +014<7 ⋅ 41C(θ 7 ) !!!<#$!!!!!!!!!!!!! + L 7 = N ⋅ A L 7 = +014<7 ⋅ C<E(θ 7 ) − N ⋅ ; !!!<&$% ! /*,/%! + K 7 C! A K 7 6! + L 7 C! A L 7 C!#*,!-'!9.%&4'!6!-'!'3%-%&'30+,!'-!$0%15*! D 7 !%,!-'#!/0&%330+,!!!6!"C! &%#5%3$02'1%,$%C!N!%#!-'!1'#'!/%!-'!5%-*$0$'!6!;!%#!-'!'3%-%&'30+,!?&'20$'$*&0'7! ! F%#5%)',/*!-'#!'3%-%&'30*,%#H! ! ⋅ 41C(θ 7 ) ⋅ C<E(θ 7 ) − N ⋅ ; + + A K 7 = 014<7 !!!!!=#$!!!!!!!!!!! A L 7 = 014<7 !!!!=&$% N N ! 3'-3.-'1*#!'G*&'!-'#!2%-*30/'/%#! J K" !6! J L" !'-!$0%15*! D" H! !! J K" = J K 7 + A K 7 ⋅ 9D !!!!>#$!!!!!!!!!!!! J L" = J L 7 + A L 7 ⋅ 9D !!!!>&$% ! ! /*,/%! 9D = D" − D 7 7! ! 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