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OMBIA, OCTTUBRE DE 20011 1 Categoría principal
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Medio Ambiente
Hidrodinámica / Deltas / Ríos
Colombia
Restrepo, Juan D. / Kjerfve, Björn / Correa, Iván D. / González, Juan
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellin
Morphodynamics of a high discharge tropical delta, San Juan River, Pacific coast of
Colombia
2002
Base de datos Science Direct
Delta del rio San Juan
Consulta gratis en la Hemeroteca Nacional
bjorn@geol.sc.edu
www.elsevier.com/locate/margeo
The San Juan River has one of the most extensive and best developed deltas on the
Pacific coast of South America, measuring 800 Km2. The river drainage basin
measures 16465 Km2 and is located in one of the areas with the highest precipitation in
the western hemisphere. The annual rainfall varies from 7000 to 11000 mm, and as a
result the San juan River has the highest water discharge (2550 m3 s-1), sediment load
(16x10
Medio Ambiente
Hidrodinámica / Deltas / Ríos
Colombia
Restrepo, Juan D. / Kjerfve, Björn
Department of Geological Sciences, Marine Science Program, University of South
Carolina / Escuela de Ingenierías, Departamento de Geología, Area de Ciencias del
Mar, Universidad EAFIT
The San Juan Delta, Colombia: Tides, circulations, and salt dispersion
2002
Base de datos Science Direct
Delta del Río San Juan
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VBJ-44SK43N-1&_u
ser=10&_coverDate=05%2F31%2F2002&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d
&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1438214766&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C00
0050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a4a1e8e57b4487f5241750c
e8b128b37
The San Juan River delta (Colombia) with an area of 800 km2 is the largest delta
environment on the Pacific coast of South America. It consists of active distributaries
maintained by an average discharge of 2500 m3 s?1, is tide dominated, and has
relatively narrow estuarine mixing zones <17 km wide and typically 7 km wide. Water
level and current time series in two distributary mouths indicate that the tide is
semidiurnal with a form number 0.1- 0.2 and a mean range of 3 m. Processes at tidal
frequencies explain 75-95% of the water level variability with the remaining
low-frequency variability attributed to meteorological forcing and river processes. The
tidal phase for the main diurnal and semidiurnal constituents progress from north to
south along the coast. Only the southernmost distributary experiences significant tidal
asymmetry as a result of strong river discharge and shallow depths. In the
northernmost distributary, shallow water constituents are insignificant. Tidal currents
were more semidiurnal than the water level, with form number 0.09-0.13. Tidal ellipses
indicated that currents were aligned with the channels and mean amplitudes <1 m s?1.
In the delta distributaries, circulation modes varied from seaward flow at all depths
during intermediate runoff conditions to gravitational circulation during rising and high
discharge periods. In San Juan and Chavica distributaries, the currents were
2 ebb-directed, while in Charambirá they were flood-directed. The circulation appears to
be controlled by the morphology of the distributaries, which were weakly stratified and
only sometimes moderately stratified. The net salt transport was directed seaward in
San Juan and Charambirá, and landward at Chavica, indicating an imbalance in the salt
budget, and signifying non-steady state behavior. The net longitudinal salt flux in the
San Juan delta is largely a balance between ebb-directed advective flux, and
flood-directed tidal sloshing. Along the distributary channels, fringing vegetation is
controlled by freshwater discharge, longitudinal distribution of salinity, and morphology.
In the most active distributaries, Chavica and San Juan, the vegetation setting is
strongly shaped by the short estuarine zone, and mangroves only occur 5 km upstream
of any distributary mouth, whereas in the tide-dominated distributaries, Charambirá and
Cacahual, dense mangroves intrude 14 and 17 km upstream, respectively. Also, salt
dispersion, tidal intrusion, salinity distribution, and mangrove extent in the San Juan
delta agree qualitatively with the productive coastal fishery at the tide-dominated
distributaries.
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