One-sided wintergreen (Orthilia secunda)

One-sided wintergreen (Orthilia secunda)
Si n ón i mos: Actinocyclus secundus, Ramischia secundiflora, Pyrola secunda var. obtusata
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National distribution 1
Canada
Ori gi n : Unknown/Undetermined
R egu l ari ty : Regularly occurring
Cu rren tl y : Unknown/Undetermined
Con fi d en ce : Confident
United States
Ori gi n : Native
R egu l ari ty : Regularly occurring
Cu rren tl y : Present
Con fi d en ce : Confident
Description 2,3
Perennial, glabrous. Stem creeping, slender, branched. Lamina elliptic-ovate to ovate, 20-30 x 14-21 mm,
serrulate or crenulate, acute (or with a short mucro), under surface pale, nerves prominent. Petiole
shorter than the lamina. Scales ovate-acuminate, 3-6 mm long. Scape slender, 6-11-flowered. Scape
scales 2-3, similar to the cauline ones. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, 2-4 mm long. Pedicels at anthesis ± size
of the bracts, minutely papillose. Flowers drooping. Calyx lobes orbicular-oblong, 1.5-2 x 1.5 mm, margin
± denticulate. Petals ± oblong, 4.5-5 mm long, denticulate. Filaments subulate, 3.5 mm long, base
dilated; anthers 2 mm long, minutely papillose, pore tubes absent, pores wide. Ovary 5-lobed, 2-2.5 mm
broad, globose and slightly depressed. Style fleshy, stout, 3-4.5 mm long, erect, exserted; stigma 5-lobed.
Capsule 5-5.5 mm broad, nodding; seeds as in Pyrol a rotu n d i fol i a subsp. karakorami ca.
Diagnostic description 1
Often included in the genus Pyrola, but distinguished by raceme one-sided (vs. cylindrical); corolla
campanulate, longer than broad (vs. subglobose or short-campanulate, broader than long).
Habitat 1
Commen ts : Canada: frequent in moist thickets and woodland, north beyond the limit of trees (Porsild
and Cody 1980). Northeast United States: moist woods and mossy bogs (Gleason and Cronquist 1991);
dry or moist woods (Fernald 1950); (var. obtusata) mossy or boggy (often calcareous) woods and on wet
rocks (Fernald 1950); Ohio: dry or moist soils in boggy or mossy woods and hemlock slopes (McCance
and Burns 1984). Western United States: New Mexico: shaded areas in deep woods (Martin and
Hutchins 1981); Colorado: mossy forest floors, cool ravines, montane and subalpine (Weber 1990).
Flower visiting insects of one sided shinleaf in illinois 4
Orthilia secunda (One-Sided Shinleaf)
(this plant is also referred to as Pyrola secunda; bees are the primary pollinators; insect activity is
unspecified; all observations are from Barrett & Helenurm)
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Bombini): Bombus vagans; Megachilidae (Osmiini): Hoplitis producta
Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Lasioglossum sp.
Wasps
Vespidae (Vespinae): Dolichovespula arenaria
Ecology 1
Frost and shade tolerances inferred from range & habitat.
Flower/fruit 2,3
Fl. Per.: June-July.
1
Life cycle 1
Persi sten ce : PERENNIAL, Long-lived, WINTERGREEN
Reproduction 1
Seeds minute, assumed wind-dispersed.
Barcode data: orthilia secunda 5
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this
species.
National nature serve conservation status 1
Canada
R ou n d ed N ati on al Statu s R an k : NNR - Unranked
United States
R ou n d ed N ati on al Statu s R an k : N5 - Secure
Comments 2,3
Usually found under conifers (pines or junipers) from 3100-4000 m. Fairly common in the Northern
regions of Pakistan. The leaves are medicinal and used in the treatment of wounds and as a brew.
References
1. © NatureServe, some rights reserved
2. Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 5 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
3. © Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA, some rights
reserved
4. © John Hilty, some rights reserved
5. © Barcode of Life Data Systems, some rights reserved