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ara consultar más al respecto se pueden remitir al siguiente material: SURATEP. Manejo de la creatividad para la solución de problemas. Elaborado por: Fabiola Betancur G. SURATEP. Investigación de accidentes de trabajo. Módulo 4. Formación de líderes. 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" + ) /' (% ! . + & " *(& 0 1 ' 8&4+ ! + &" ++ ! 7(!&%+,(&%+ " 1! 8/ Causas Básicas y falta de control " " 6 Desviaciones % $ Incidente Víctima Absorbe energía + (, . ! + + '" Pérdida • Personas • Medio Ambiente • Propiedad • Reputación 0 • : +' ( &' ! '(++) 4' %+ &4% ! 5 & " 4"% '&% " *! &! + %% ! . '* " , ! * , +, 3( + , (5 ' " ,8 ! " %&% " , ! * , + , */ " +7(! + ! &% ! 4 ! '& ) '&% " & " + '(++ 9+ ! '+ , +&%+ & " + ! + %* *! &! + %% ! . • $(+ ' *9+ ""9 9+ ! '+ " ' !& • " '* ! " '&',% ' %+)'& ! ' !& +! &+7( + " ' %+)'& ! ' !& + ( + % 9& + 0 , 3( + + (* 3( " *, + '&+ %(! ) ! . ("7 " 4 * ' ' % 1 ' " +'++ • : +'(++ 9+ ! '+ " +, " * + +7(! +&" +*! + * +'(++ " + , " *+ '"! 0 '+ %+ ) , (' ' ! 2& + % '&"" . (& *,"!' ! 2& " '&',% " I 4 * +7( J " I 4* ' ' %J 0 3( + ! 7&! 4 ! ' +7( 0 "% '"! )'&*6 &! * +'+ %+ 84 0 9 0 " ++ 6 &%* +; ' %+)'& ! ' !& ++ ( + % 9& + <" +'(++ +'&" +, +& + 0 " % /) " + ! + %* *! &! + %% ! . . 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" !+ 7 0 &% % + + , ' %+ , 2 Para consultar el procedimiento relacionado con la notificación de los accidentes de trabajo a SURATEP, se debe consultar: SURATEP. Notificación de accidentes de trabajo. Gerencia de Prevención de Riesgos. Preparado por: Fabiola Ma Betancur G., Medellín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•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omado de: DET NORSKE VERITAS. Practical Accidenta investigación interactive CD. Loss Control Management, Georgia, 1997. M •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• 0 ;, % + < &' "() " &9"! + ! + " ! &4 * ' ! 2& , . &!&% " + 1 *!&%+ 0 3(! , + *93(! &+ 0 " ! +? " ,( + % % / ) *9+* % !" + 3( " " + !& (% ! "! 5 & " * * &% " ' ' ! &% + %! &4 * ' ! 2&% !& '* , ,2+ ! %. ! 4 ! ' " '1 &' ! &% " + '! ,' ! 2& " + ('+ 3( + &' ( &% & " 4 * % &% ! 4 ! '' ! 2&)" +, %+3( ! &% ' % ( & '& " , +& &%+ +&' & + " 1 ' 1 * ! 8& + % % % *! & '& ! ' !& +, "! 7 ++%" +'* 4' % " + 3(! , + 0 %&% , + ( ! +? '* , + ( + 7+ %L' &' ! ! + , + ! % ! . + 7( + +7(! L &% % + • 7 ;, , + < 4 ! " +, ' ! *!&%+ ' (* &% + 0 & *+ +7(! 0 7! + %+ * &%&! *!&%0 7! + %+ &% & *!&%+ ) ', ' ! %' !& + " , +& " ' ' ! &% 0 + 6'* % + . ! &' !+ " ' !& +'& " +% (& +) ( ' ! 2& " / & % / : &% ! , *! % % *! & *8% + ! &+7( + ',% + , % &+ 7 + ! 2& + % 9& + +7(! L4"% &% & *!&% " + (, . ! + ! 2&L ', ' ! %' ! 2& " 4 Algunas recomendaciones al respecto se pueden consultar en Frank E, Bird y Geroge L. Germain. Liderazgo práctico en el control de pérdidas. La conservación de gente, propiedad, procesos y ganancias. Det Norske Veritas, USA, Atlanta, Edición revisada 1990, p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• • • • " / *,(%' ! 2& (&*!* F ! &# & :+ ! 2& /+ % 'O • • • •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• • • 5 6 "% ( 6 &! ." &%' % '& ;'&%' % '& & 76 + (+ %&' !< ", , ,(&%+4 ! " ++ • &1 " ' ! 2& % 2! '+ • %, &% ! "" + • % ' • Frank E, Bird y Geroge L. Germain. Liderazgo práctico en el control de pérdidas. La conservación de gente, propiedad, procesos y ganancias. Det Norske Veritas, USA, Atlanta, Edición revisada 1990, p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• • • • 7 $, 1 " / (+ " 3(! , , %' ' ! 2& , +& " / ." ' ! ! &+7( N, 3(! , ++ ! & (% ! 5' ! 2& % ' O 9 7 • • • • •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• • • • " / , ' ! ! & ' ( "% '& ' ! *!&% &+ ! 2& % ' O . • • • • " ", -/ : ! 5 7 )+ (, . ! + ! 2& 4 ! ' !&% &7 &! 6 ! & ' ( # &%&! *!&% ! & ' ( % ' O " #8% *% ! . * ! '& & ! &' "() + % ' " + ! 4 ! '' ! 2& + % + " , % ! ' !& " " : " *8% &.+ % ! 7' ! 2& ' ' ! &%+ '&+ ("% " + . ! " + " *8% *% ! . * ! '& )" + " : + ,( & *! % ! "+ ! 7(!&% ' (* &% ! " +)' 2! 7 +, " &9"! + ! + " +' ' ! &%+ % / = -% ) + " , -4 K& , ! * &%&! *!&% "! 5 " + ,! &% ( " %". (& "% ( , ! * @ * % +)( ! ' + " & % &+ , % ! ' 1 3(! , ( &% " , ' ! 2& " % / , ! 2 " 3(! "! ! ') & " ,! + (& "% ( @ * %+ 0 '(+ 9& " " *( % K&'*, ? " + ' (' 1 "I + ! " ! J " ,! + %" ,! &% 0 + ' ' 2 " "(7 &'&% & " ' ( , "% / + " ,! + " % / ' !! 2 (& ! &+ %(' ' ! 2& 7 & " + " (+ 3(! , + , %' ' ! 2& , +& " , % / & "% ( + 0 , & ! + % (& + % 9& +7(! 3( 7 &% ! ' " +'& ! ' !& + +7(! &%+ "! 5 + %% ! , " + . 0 0 7 ! & , "6 % ! ' "( &' ! /% ! .+ + %% 87! '+ , ! &% .&' ! 2& +7>& , !! + " + ! + %* (, . ! + ! 2& 4 ! ' !&% (+&' ! (& & * , % / & "% ( ! +? ! & , ,! ,( + % (+ " + " * &%+ , %' ' ! 2& , +& " ; &8+ 7(! 0 ' ( . !0 '+ '0 7 4+ < / & "% ( + + (, 4 ! ' ! "! + ) ! 4 6 ' ! " ' '+ " % / + + " ) ' (& "% ( @ * %+ #( % (& % / ."( ' ! 2& !+ 7+ & ! &"' () % +" + % + "% !+ 7 -" ,( + % , 7 &% ! 5 (& , ' ! 2& +7( ' '+ " 1 & " & 2 + , +&% " + '! ,' ! 2& (& ' ' ! &% % / &" ! &4 * ' ! 2& ""6+ (*! &! + % ! &% ! 4 ! 3( " +,8 ! + 0 "% ! , .&%0 " +'(++ ! &* !%+ 0 " +'(++ 9+ ! '+)" 4"% '&% " ! '+, " " ' ! 2& (&9 " '(+" 84: & " & 8 " +'&',%+ 9+ :( 7 '&+ %() (&9 " '(++ , % ! " + %+ '7! + &" ' % ! . ! &% ! ! &% ! 4 ! 3( " +, + !" +'& !& + &% "" + " "($ / &.+ % ! 7' ! 2& " + ' ' ! &%+ ! &' ! &%+'6 % ! '++ "! 5 %& , &% '* • : ! ' ( 0)+ 6, " '"! 5 9,! * &% % +" + " * &%+3( ! &% . ! &! & & " + ('+ )'&% '& % " .! &' ! & '+ ! , % *! & " +'(++ : % &5 ! 7! & . !' ! 2& &" +'& ! ' !& + -! + %&%+). !' ! 2& &" + ,! &!& + " +%+ % ! 7+ &.+ % ! 7' ! 2&+ • :! "! 5 &"+ ! % ! ' ( &' ! &.+ % ! 7 +1 & . ! % " +, / (! ' !+ &" %* • : +! "! +! *, ' !" • " , • • /% ! . " ! &.+ % ! 7' ! 2& +" '"! 5 '(++ . ! %& + &' (+' !& +*(% (+ & ',% '* '(++ " + 1 ' 1+ + (, + ! ' !& + •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ÁTICA • Identificación el problema • Observar sus características • Analizar las causas básicas y las alternativas de solución (espina de pescado, árbol causal) DISEÑAR Y EJECUTAR EL PLAN DE ACCIÓN • Definir y evaluar alternativas • Establecimiento de objetivos • Ejecución del plan VERIFICAR LA EFECTIVIDAD DE LA ACCIÓN • Comparar el antes con el después • Identificar no conformidades • Llevar a cabo las acciones preventivas y correctivas ESTANDARIZAR Y HACER SEGUIMIENTO • Documentar el estándar • Revisar nuevas prioridades • Planear otras acciones 6 SURATEP. Creatividad para la solución de problemas. Gerencia de Prevención. División de Capacitación. Preparado por: Fabiola Ma. Betancur G. Medellín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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •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• • •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• • • • • •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na metodología al respecto se puede consultar en: Frank E, Bird y Geroge L. Germain. Liderazgo práctico en el control de pérdidas. La conservación de gente, propiedad, procesos y ganancias. Det Norske Veritas, USA, Atlanta, Edición revisada 1990, p.72 : ! &4 * ' ! 2&3( + (*! &! + % " 4* % *6 &! * ' (% ! &% 7 &%+ ! &. + % ! 7' ! 2& + ,( + % '* B Q(! 8& 3(! 8& ++&" + 4' % + C;. ! " , +& < B (9& ' (! 2 " . &%C;. ! " % !*, < B 2& + , +&% " .&%C;. ! " "(7 < B (9" +4 ( &" +' ' %6 + % ! '+ " .&%C;. ! " + " &9"! + ! + " ' ' ! &%< : *) 6 " + . ! " + * 794 ! '+ + % 9& 7! + % + & " 4* % &% ! 4 ! '' ! 2& " ' ' ! &% "" & + & '+ ! , % !" + & " ! &4 * ! &. + % ! 7' ! 2&, 3( + %++&! *, + ' ! & !" +, " &9"! + ! ++ % 6 + % ! 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