1. Personal Information

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NATIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE FOR FUELS AND VEHICLES: SOUTH AMERICA
Objectives of the Assessment: To assess the current state of vehicle fuel quality, vehicle emission standards and other related
national-level information in order to develop comparative material, which will enable decision-makers and experts to discuss
problems and necessities and define possible solutions at a meeting in February 2007.
The questionnaire comprises of 4 main sections:
1. Personal Information
2. Air Quality
3. Fuel Quality
4. Vehicles & Emissions
Please read the following instructions before filling in the questionnaire!
4. We propose that you use 2005 as a reporting year, and where asked, please specify the reporting year.* If data for 2005 is not
yet publicized, and the available information is for a previous year, please insert this information and note the particular year in
the heading of the table. If 2006 data and updates are available, please provide this data and note the year.
5. You may not find available all required data. Please, fill in the available data:
a) If there are data gaps, insert N/A in the respective table cell;
b) If such data is not measured, monitored or reported in your country, insert N/R in the respective table cell;
c) Please, use the text boxes to present any useful information, which is not covered by the tables or which needs additional
description.
1. Personal Information
Reporting year*
Country
Date report completed
Institution responsible for report
Address of institution
Position/Person responsible for report
Telephone No
2005
Colombia
May 2007
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Transversal 38A 40-04, Oficina 206 Laboratorio de Ingeniería Química
Néstor Y. Rojas, Associate Professor
(571) 3165000 Ext. 14304
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E-mail address or Fax No
nyrojasr@unal.edu.co
2. Air Quality
2.1 Institutional framework of air quality legislation
Institution name
Departments
Personnel*
Ministerio de Ambiente,
Vivienda y Desarrollo
Territorial (MAVDT)
Departamento
Administrativo de Medio
Ambiente (DAMA) –
Bogotá
National Planning
Department
3. Fuel Quality
Legal acts
- RESOLUCIÓN 601 DEL 04 DE ABRIL
DE 2006 (Air quality standards)
- RESOLUCIÓN NÚMERO 627 07 de abril
de 2006 (noise)
- DECRETO 948 DEL 5 DE JUNIO DE
1995 (Air quality). Modified by DECRETO
2622 (Diciembre 18 de 2000), DECRETO
2107 DEL 30 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 1995,
DECRETO 1697 DEL 27 DE JUNIO DE
1997, DECRETO 1552 - (Agosto 15 de
2000), DECRETO 1530 (Julio 24 2002)
and DECRETO NÚMERO 979 03 de abril
de 2006.
- DECRETO 244 de 2006 (CONAIRE)
- DECRETO 174 DE 2006 (non-attainment
areas in Bogotá)
- Resolución 1699 de 2003 (Iniciativa de
Aire Limpio de Bogotá D.C. – Clean Air
Initiative Bogotá)
- CONPES 3344 (Marzo de 2005):
“Lineamientos para la formulación de la
política de prevención y control de la
contaminación del aire”.
Responsibility
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3.1 Institutional framework for fuel quality management
Institution name
Institution
type*
Responsibility
Frequency of
fuel testing
Number of
authorized
testing labs
*Government; Research/Academic; Private company; NGO; accredited laboratories according the ISO 17025
3.2 Technical Assistance Received for Capacity Building in Fuel Quality Control
Source:
3.3 National Fuel Quality Legislation (please list)
- RESOLUCION 1180 DE 2006 (quality of liquid fuels)
- RESOLUCION 2200 DE 2005 (anhydrous ethanol as an additive)
- RESOLUCION 1289 DE 2005 (biofuels and 1200 ppm-S diesel)
- Decreto Nacional 3862 de 2005 (ethanol fuel)
- LEY 693 DE 2001 (ethanol fuel)
- RESOLUCION 898 del 23 de agosto de 1995 (liquid and solid fuels), modified by Resolución 447 de 2003, Resolución 1565 de
2004, Resolución 68 de 2001.
- CONPES 3387 (Noviembre de 2005): “Modificación al CONPES 3299 por el cual se declaró estratégico el proyecto de
hidrotratamiento para la refinería de Barrancabermeja” (sulphur phase down).
3.4 Parameters for Market Fuels Used in Vehicles with Spark Ignition Engines (petrol) (2004)
Limiting value
Analytical and statistical results
National
specification
Parameter
Unit
Standar
No. of
d
Taken
Max
Minimum Maximum
Min.
Mean
sampl
deviatio
where
.
es
n
Research octane No
Page 4 of 15
Motor octane No
(RON+MON)/2
Vapour pressure, DVPE
Distillation:
- 10% vol. Evaporado
- 50% vol. Evaporado
- 90% vol. Evaporado
- Punto Final
Ebullición
- Evaporated at
100˚C
- Evaporated at
150˚C
Hydrocarbon analysis:
- Olefins
- Aromatics
- Benzene
Oxygen content
Oxygenates:
- Methanol
- Ethanol
- Iso-propil alcohol
- Tert-butyl alcohol
- Iso-butyl alcohol
- Ethers with five or
more carbon atoms per
molecule
- Other oxygenates
1
Gasolina corriente
Gasolina extra
3
Gasolina corriente
4
Gasolina extra
2
kPa
T (ºC)
T (ºC)
T (ºC)
T (ºC)
811, 872
55
77
58
70
121
90
225
%(v/v)
%(v/v)
%(v/v)
%(v/v)
%(v/v)
%(v/v)
%(v/v)
%(v/v)
%(v/v)
%(v/v)
%(v/v)
%(v/v)
283, 354
10%
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Sulphur content
Lead content
mg/kg
g/l
10005,
3006
0,013
3.5 Are there any other additives in the fuel? If so, what are they and what quantity?
Detergents
3.6 Parameters for Market Fuels Used in Vehicles with Compression Ignition Engines (diesel) (* insert reporting year)
Limiting value
Analytical and statistical results
National specification
Standar
Parameter
Unit
No. of
Maximu Mea
d
Minimum
Maximum
Minimum
samples
m
n
deviatio
n
Cetane No
437, 458
3
Density at 15˚C
kg/m
Distillation – 95% Point
˚C
2829
36010,
33811
Polycyclic aromatic
%(vol/v
35
hydrocarbons
ol)
Sulphur content
mg/kg
450012,
120013,
50014
5
Since 2001
Expected in 2008
7
Diesel corriente
8
Diesel extra
9
Diesel extra
10
Diesel corriente
11
Diesel extra
12
Since 2001
13
Since 2001 in Bogotá
6
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Table 3.7 Number of samples in month (diesel) (* insert reporting year)
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total
3.8 Fuel quality standards (Please, shortly describe your domestic standards and any planned standards and the anticipated
deadlines for their adoption, etc.)
3.9 Fuel production, import, export and consumption (2005)
Production
Import
Fuel grade
(1000 m3/year)
(1000 m3/year)
1
2
3
Total leaded petrol
0
RON:
RON:
RON:
Total unleaded petrol
5575
4.3
(RON+MON)/2: 81
5061
4.3
(RON+MON)/2: 87
514
RON:
Total diesel
4148
358.2
937.3
Total LPG
1145
Other fuels (please specify)
Natural Gas for Vehicles
(000s MBtu/año)
*If data for 2005 is not available, insert older data and indicate the year
**Vehicle transport only (rail and marine transport excluded)
3.10 Fuel production by producers (* insert reporting year)
Refinery
14
Expected in 2008
Export
(1000 m3/year)
4
0
Consumption**
(1000 m3/year)
5
950.4
2.7
85
4729
4404
325
0.0
18.1
4474
1214
5508
Production of crude oil distillation
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APIAY
COMPLEJO BARRANCABERMEJA
CARTAGENA
ORITO
(1000 m3/year)
118
12815
4143
49
3.11 Fuel distribution
Fuel distributors
Brio de Colombia S.A.
Carbones del cerrejón
Consorcio Guajira
Green oil ltda.
Exxon Mobil de Colombia S.A.
Petrocomercial C.I. S.A
Petróleos del milenio C.I. Ltda.
Shell Colombia S.A.
Texas Petroleum Co.
Terpel
Number of filling stations
¿?
¿?
¿?
¿?
¿?
¿?
¿?
38
290
¿?
3.12 Promotion of environment friendly fuels (incentives, programs for unleaded petrol, low-sulphur petrol and diesel, biodiesel,
bioethanol, LPG, etc.)
Measure
Details
Ban on leaded petrol
Leaded petrol banned in 1997
Tax differentiation
Natural gas, “clean fuels” such as biofuels
Use of subsidies
Natural gas,
Other (please add):
Planned Measures
10% Ethanol in gasoline since november 2005 in cities with more than 500.000 inhabitants.
1200 ppm S Diesel in Bogotá since 2000, and progressively in cities with Bus Rapid Transit systems.
500 ppm S Diesel in 2010
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5% biodiesel in diesel in 2008
4.
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Vehicle Emissions
4.1 National Fuel Quality Legislation (please list)
- RESOLUCIÓN 1869 DE 2006 (Programa de Autorregulación Ambiental)
- RESOLUCIÓN 556 DE 2003 (Vehicle emissions control)
- RESOLUCIÓN 1859 DE 2005 (Emission test centres)
- ACUERDO 23 DE 1999 (Emission testing)
- RESOLUCION 003500 DE 2005 (Emission, inspection and maintenance test centres)
- RESOLUCIÓN 005 DE 1996 (Maximum vehicle emission levels)
- RESOLUCIÓN 909 DE 1996 (Maximum vehicle emission levels)
- LEY 1083 DE 2006 (Sustainable urban mobility)
- RESOLUCION 18 0609 DE 2006 (Programa de Uso Racional y Eficiente de la Energía)
4.2 Vehicle fleet structure
Year: (*
Total
Passenger Cars
LDV
please
number
of vehicles
insert
reporting
Petrol
Diesel
Petrol
Diesel
year)
Number
3.880.546
2253
8.7
106
23.6
(000s)
% of the total
100
86,02
0,33
4,04
0,90
vehicle fleet
*If data for 2005 is not available, insert older data and indicate the year
Table 4.3 Share with catalytic converters (2005)
Year:
(2005)
Passenger cars
Number
689
(000s)
HDV
Buses
Petrol
Diesel
Petrol
Diesel
0
43.5
80.2
104.6
0,00
1,66
3,06
3,99
Vehicles with Catalytic Converters
All vehicles
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%
30
Table 4.4 Newly-registered passenger cars
Total
Passenger cars
Year
number
New
000s
000s
%
000s
1995
974
2005
1572
77.5
5
1494.5
*If data for 2005 is not available, insert older data and indicate the year
Table 4.5 Vehicle aging
Only cars registered in year 2005, in total, not in categories
Year: 2005*
0-5 years
6-10 years
11-15 years
Total (000s):
406.0
496.1
532.0
Passenger cars (%)
13.8
16.6
17.1
LDV (%)
0.4
0.7
1.0
HDV (%)
0.2
0.3
0.3
Buses (%)
1.2
1.4
1.9
Total (%)
15
19
20
*If data for 2005 is not available, insert older data and indicate the year
Second hand
%
95
16-20 years
297.6
10.2
0.4
0.2
0.6
11
Table 4.6 Domestic vehicle production (if any)
Type
2003
2004
2005
Passenger cars
58339
85079
LDV
HDV
Buses
Total
58339
85079
* 2002 is included in order to see the trend. If data is available, any previous year can be included too.
Table 4.7 Quantity of imported vehicles**
Type
2003
2004
2005
>20 years
887.6
28.7
2.4
0.8
2.0
34
58830
58830
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Passenger cars (%)
LDV (%)
HDV (%)
Buses (%)
N/A
N/A
Total (%)
N/A
N/A
* 2003 is included in order to see the trend. If data is available, any previous year can be included too.
** If there is data by country of import, please include it.
N/A
N/A
4.8 Restrictions placed on imported vehicles (age limits, requirements for catalytic converters, installation of emission
technology for the HDV, etc.)
4.9 Information on retrofitting imported fleets (e.g. bus fleets) with emissions control technologies or cleaner engines
4.10 Institutional framework for vehicle emission testing
Institution
Institution name
Personnel
type
1
2
3
Responsibility
4
Number of vehicles
tested (vehicles/year)
5
4.11 Legal and institutional framework of vehicle inspection and maintenance
Ministry of Transport, Ley 769 de 2002
Resolución 5600 de 2006 - Certificado de la revisión técnico-mecánica y de gases
4.12 Technical Assistance Received for Capacity Building in Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance
N/A
Source: …………………………… (institution)……………………………..(department)
Number of testing
sites
6
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4.13 National Vehicle exhaust emission requirements (ONLY light duty vehicles/passenger cars)
Imported vehicles only, since 1997 (RESOLUCIÓN 005 DE 1996)
g/km
CO
HC
NOx
HC+NOx
PM
Opacity
Petrol
Diesel
2.1
0.25
0.62
2.1
0.25
0.62
Imported vehicles only, since 1998 (RESOLUCIÓN 909 DE 1996) CICLOS ECE-15 +EUDC Y ECE-13 (R49.01)
g/km
CO
HC
NOx
HC+NOx
PM
Opacity
Petrol
Diesel
2.72
2.72
0.97
0.97
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In-use vehicles:
NORMAS DE EMISIÓN PERMISIBLE PARA FUENTES MÓVILES CON MOTOR A GASOLINA EN CONDICIÓN DE
MARCHA MÍNIMA O RALENTI (RESOLUCIÓN 005 DE 1996)
AÑO- MODELO
%CO Altura/Niv ppm HC**
% CO*
ppm HC
Altura/Ni vel
Altura/Nivel Mar Altura/Nivel Mar
el Mar
Mar (0-1500)
(0-1500)
(1501-3000)
(1501- 3000)
2001 y
posterior
1.0
1.0
200
200
2000- 1998
2.5
2.5
300
300
1997- 1996
3.0
3.5
400
450
1995- 1991
3.5
4.5
650
750
1990- 1981
4.5
5.5
750
900
1980- 1975
5.5
6.5
900
1000
6.5
7.5
1000
1200
1974o
anteriores
* % (Porcentaje por volumen). ** ppm (Partes por millón).
Page 14 of 15
NORMAS PERMISIBLES DE OPACIDAD DE HUMOS PARA FUENTES MÓVILES A DIESEL
VEHÍCULO LIVIANO
VEHÍCULO
MEDIANO
VEHÍCULO PESADO
OPACIDAD
OPACIDAD
OPACIDAD
2001 y posteriores
40%
40%
40%
1996-2000
50%
50%
50%
1991 -1995
55%
55%
55%
1986-1990
60%
60%
60%
1981-1985
65%
65%
65%
1980 y anteriores
70%
70%
¿ 70%
AÑO-MODELO
4.14 Recent Developments/Planned Vehicle exhaust emission requirements, inspection and maintenance
Source: …………………………… (institution)……………………………..(department)
4.15 Incentives for alternative fuels and vehicles (e.g. Flexi-fuel/CNG/LPG powered vehicles)
Incentive
Description
Programa de incentivos tributarios al Gas Natural Vehicular
Decreto 4570 del 12 de diciembre de 2005
Se autoriza el desdoblamiento arancelario, descripción y gravamen para
algunas subpartidas relacionadas con la industria del Gas Natural
Vehicular
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Ley 693 de septiembre de 2001
Se dictan normas sobre el uso de alcoholes carburantes, se
crean estímulos para su producción, comercialización y consumo.
4.16 Promotion of environment friendly vehicles (such as import of only new vehicles, catalytic converters, fuel cells, etc.)
Measures
Details
1. Ban on the sale of new vehicle
Catalytic converters compulsory in new vehicles since 1997
not equipped with catalytic
converters
2. Tax differentiation
3. Use of subsidies
4. Inspection and maintenance
Started in 2006
program
5. Retrofit program
No
6. Accelerated retirement program
7. Scrappage programs
existing, but it does not work properly
8. Vehicle age caps
9. Other (please add):