Elaboración de los productos y programas de uso público en los

Elaboración de los productos y
programas de uso público en los
parques nacionales
Jon Kohl
Coordinador
Consorcio PUP para el Patrimonio Global
www.jonkohl.com
www.pupconsortium.net
Blog interpretación del patrimonio:
www.facebook.com/heritageinterpretation
Contenidos de un plan
interpretativo/uso público
En septiembre 2013, la directora dijo lo
siguiente con respecto a al Patrimonio
Mundial de Siria altamente amenazado
por su guerra civil:
http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1073
En la UNESCO, creemos que no hay selección entre salvar
vidas y salvar el patrimonio cultural. Proteger el patrimonio
es inseparable de proteger las poblaciones, porque el
patrimonio guarda las identidades de la gente. El patrimonio
da a la gente la fortaleza y confianza para mirar hacia el
futuro — es una fuerza para cohesión social y recuperación.
Por eso la protección del patrimonio tiene que ser una parte
integral de todos los esfuerzos humanitarios.
Espectro de oportunidades recreativas
Landscape Naturalness
Is a Spectrum
Un extremo: Lugares
urbanos, no naturales, no
remotos, muchos encuentros
con otras personas.
Otro extremo: Áreas primitivas grandes, distantes, y con
poca o ninguna evidencia de humanos.
Espectro de
oportunidades
recreativas (ROS)
Clasifica paisajes a través de 6 zonas
Urbano
Longer
explanations
of the zones
are found in
Module 4
Áreas urbanas ofrecen las vistas, sonidos, olores y
servicios de civilización.
Áreas altamente
modificadas, pero
alejadas de áreas
urbanas
Suburbano
Una apariencia principalmente
natural con presencia moderada de
personas, normalmente integrada
con la naturaleza.
Rural desarrollado
Rural Natural
Principalmente natural con bajas concentraciones de
usuarios, normalmente áreas grandes y accesibles con
Semi-primitivo
Casi completamente natural con baja interación entre
usuarios. El área no es acesible con vehículos
motorizados.
Basicamente áreas naturales sin
modificación humana y de gran tamaño. La
interacción entre usuarios es bastante baja.
Primitivo
Suburbana
Rural
modificado
Zonas
Urbana
Rural natural
Semi-primitivo
Restringida
para
investigación
Primitivo
ROS dice nada sobre
Limitations
to ROS Landscape Zoning
los espacios
interiores
y de pequeña escala.
• 1. Focus on larger-scale landscapes
• 2. Focus on perception of naturalness
• 3. Thus human-built, smaller-scale, cultural
attractions such as a historic city district or
inside a monument are left out.
Zonificación basada en autenticidad
para complementar ROS
Autenticidad
Calidad
Precio
Disponibilidad
Autenticidad cada vez más importante
Lo auténtico no
siempre es fácil
saber. Pero es clave
para la experiencia.
Activación de la imaginación
1. Authenticidad natural
• lo que existe en un estado natural o de la
tierra, sin tocar por las manos humanasñ no
artificial o sintético
Distracciones
• Entre más distracciones, más difícil entrar la historia
• Por eso se quiere reducirlas
• Poca autenticidad refleja decepción, baja confianza y
artificialidad en el trabajo de la gestión.
Distracciones naturales
Too many signs on landscape; manicured
gardens or presence of exotic species; artificial
materials to reproduce or restore monuments;
too much artificial lighting; use of disposable
packaging; selling overpackaged junk food or
junk plastic souvenirs; congestion; two-way
trails; sounds of generators and music;
annoying, bright colors; sight and sound of
vehicles near heritage areas; buildings that
dominate landscape; metal railings; natural
materials mistook for artificial ones; litter;
domestic animals
2. Autenticidad original
lo que posee originalidad en su diseño, el
primero de su clase, nunca visto antes por ojos
humanos, no es copia o imitación
Distracciones originales
Clear signs of restoration such as reinforcing beams,
differently colored plaster, modern cement; modern
architectural elements that clash with heritage; fake
heritage such as recently crafted statues or life-size
version of a temple; souvenirs that everyone else in the
region sells; same kind of local musicians found
throughout region
3. Autenticidad excepcional
lo que se ha hecho excepcionalmente bien,
hecho individualmente y extraordinariamente
por alguien quien demuestra cuido o cariñno
humano, hecho con emoción genuina
Distracciones excepcionales
Exaggerated claims about heritage (“see jaguars, real
waterfall experience”); ubiquitous shops and
salespeople, especially chains or international brands
(McDonald’s); visitors rushed through a location or
along a pre-defined route, factory-line fashion; staff
ignoring visitor troubles such as disorientation; signs
with long lists of prohibitions
4. Autenticidad referencial
lo que se hace referencia a algún otroc ontexto,
allí sacando inspiración de la historia humana y
aprovechando memorias compartidas, no
derivativo o trivial
Distracciones referenciales
Anachronisms such as presence of modern technology, nonperiod uniforms or music; laughable depictions of past people;
souvenirs made from outside of region (American candle made
in China); products that do not relate to heritage and history of
area (little plastic car toys in store of ancient Egyptian site);
trivialization of references to something perceived as authentic;
interpretation that gives information rather than immerses
people in experiences
5. Autenticidad influyente
lo que influye en otras
entidades, pidiendo a que
los humanos alcancen
objetivos superiores y
proveyendo pistas de una
mejor forma, no
consecuential o sin
significado
Distracciones de influencia
Know-it-all guides who only relate information and offer no new
perspectives; statements that visitors can help but no real
connection to conservation or helping others such as local
communities; contradictions between statements made and
reputation of managers; appearance that manager uses heritage
simply to make money (over charging, too much commerce,
nickel and diming, selling out to donors, too much corporate
sponsorship); lack of transparency about use of solicited
donations or involvement in conservation programs; overly
insistent that visitors contribute or purchase
Niveles o zonas
de autenticidad
En la subconciencia...
Una mala Inauténtica (Zona 1)
casa de
espantos
Visitor
rejects authenticity and does not engage in the
story, leaves with negative impressions, frustrated.
Regards site as a fake, sell-out, deceiving, and
disappointing, but not because of price or quality of
service, but rather perception of inauthenticity.
Zona 1 ejemplos
Extreme commercialization and tourism degradation. Get off the
bus and immediately attacked by local peddlers; markets that
cater to visitors where residents no longer go or have moved
away; hotels and restaurants line main streets and have little to
do with heritage; southern beaches of Lonely Planet, Tasmania
overrun by campers; Thailand islands gutted by tourism; parts of
Yucatán Mayan sites inundated by tourism (see article in
appendix on sites loved nearly to death by tourism)
Baja autenticidad (Zona 2)
Significant distractions hinder authenticity,
making it difficult, but not impossible for visitors
to accept authenticity and engage story. The site
may provoke favorable emotions, but often
punctuated by distractions and
disappointments.
Zona 2 ejemplos
Highly managed, usually over-commercialized for
tourism or suffers congestion by too many visitors
or inappropriate behaviors by visitors or managers.
Too many signs and modern technology, sights, and
sounds. Attractions may be roped off, marketing
may exaggerate attractions and experience;
Tombstone, Arizona; Komodo Island where dragons
eat leftovers from restaurant kitchen and visitors
laugh and point at them; Buddhas of Bamiyan
dynamited by the Taliban; parking lot/service area
in Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park (see
article in appendix about managing experiences
here); overcommercialized Stonehenge (see
opinion in appendix)
Media autenticidad
(Zona 3)
Visitor accepts authenticity though not
immediately, and is willing to overlook moderate
distractions, often associated with visitation.
Site still can provoke emotions but not likely
strong fear or awe.
Zona 3 ejemplos
Managed environments for visitors with varying degrees of
distractions, usually for visitation such as paved surfaces,
artificial lighting, entrance security, gift shops, cafés, and many
visitors. Pena Palace in Sintra; Embera Drua village in Chagras
National Park, Panama; Iguazu Falls, Argentina; commonly visited
church in historic center such as cathedral in Cologne, Germany;
smaller park with many trails and signs; immersive zoo or
museum exhibits; climbing cables on Half Dome, Yosemite
National Park
Alta autenticidad (Zona 4)
Visitor completely and immediately accepts
authenticity, even though site may be managed for
visitation. Few distractions interfere with visitor
engagement of the story, provoking strong feelings,
though less powerful than Zone 5 due to management
and visitor presence.
Zona 4 ejemplos
Well-preserved ghost town; a tower of a castle, a
particular rock engraving, graveyard, palace
courtyard, inside an original house in a historic
district, coral reef that enjoys high degree of
preservation in which visitor temporarily feels
immersed, surrounded by setting. May be
managed by locals with some original intent but
likely managed by an agency for visitation and
other objectives. Archeological ruins in relatively
unvisited sector of Angkor Watt, uninhabited
islands in Galapagos National Park, less visited
stretch of the Great Wall of China; Gettysburg
Battlefield; some Venetian canals; Antigua,
Guatemala; view from the top of Half Dome,
Yosemite National Park
Máxima autenticidad (Zona 5)
Perceived as completely unmanaged for visitation,
totally real, totally authentic. Visitor lives the story
immediately upon entering; he or she directly faces
history in the making, untamed forces of nature, or the
supernatural or spiritual beyond their control. The
heritage setting provokes powerful emotions of
excitement, awe, or fear.
Zona 5 ejemplos
Site may “prohibit” visitors such as remote, active
Buddhist temples high in mountains; dangerous war
zones; deserted Pacific islands; operating refugee camps
in Uganda; inaccessible fishing villages; “undiscovered”
ruins; real haunted houses; dangerous urban
neighborhoods; a secret chamber, tomb, tunnel, or
space within a church where only few enter. ROS
primitive places such as interior Antarctica, remote
Yellowstone, Congo, or other perceived wild areas.
Locals manage space for original intent (spiritual,
commercial, community organizing, ecological) not
tourism. Popular references: Raiders of the Lost Ark
tomb room; secret church spaces in Dan Brown’s Da
Vinci Code; deep jungle in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of
Darkness
Un atractivo:
Diferentes zonas
• One attraction can have different experience
zones from its exterior to different interior
spaces depending on their authenticity.
• For an application of this approach to the
Tower of Belem in Lisbon, Portugal, click on
upcoming picture
Gestión de experiencias
• Gestores pueden aumentar la autenticidad
por reducir distracciones o compensar por
inautenticidad
• O pueden reducir la autenticidad si necesitan
desarrollar un espacio para servicios de
visitantes
Kew Royal Botanical Gardens
Attraction Authenticity Zoning
Autenticidad
natural
While the botanical garden depends on
natural resources and indeed
everywhere the visitor sees vegetation,
its principal buildings and pavilions are
made of steel and glass, and do not
blend into the landscape. Much evenly
deployed pavement, while very
functional, reduces natural aspect.
Also the finely manicured gardens
diminish a natural landscape feeling.
Autenticidad natural
Autenticidad original
One must judge originality as a
garden; Kew does not attempt to be a
forest and thus cannot be judged as a
natural habitat. It has few particularly
original aspects, however, that cannot
be seen in other gardens. Kew has
done a good job avoiding attractions,
such as amusement park rides, that
would take away from a true botanical
garden, although the Treetop Walkway
borders on more an amusement than
an interpretive experience
opportunity consistent with a
botanical garden’s essence.
With poor interpretive signage, the Treetop
Walkway offers little to develop a canopy-level
perspective and thus devolves into mere
amusement, best left for areas more genuinely
billed as recreational.
Autenticidad
excepcional
Certainly Kew’s size and grooming are
exceptional, although in Europe, such
grooming is not so uncommon. There
were few if any wow moments. One that
started out with higher expectations of
immersion were the pavilions. In reality,
they were more mixed planting thematic
gardens, than habitat recreations.
Similarly the evolution house which was
the only story-based, interpretive exhibit
in the garden, suffered from several
distractions that interfered with entering
the story of biological evolution.
Some sections were
exceptionally well
designed.
One felt like he or she walked through a
human-designed garden rather than a
nature-designed habitat. Kew prioritized
biodiversity over realism.
Ironically, visitors could not physically enter the
most naturally authentic feeling habitats.
Autenticidad referencial
Kew has high referential potential, but poor realization. Given the
name and fame of the Royal Botanical Gardens, one expects a high
degree of references to its history, royal connections, and the identity
of Kew himself. One also might expect references to its World Heritage
status. Unfortunately the garden lacks almost all of these except a
couple of pavilions named after the Prince of Wales (which one?) and
Princess of Wales. There were practically no royal decorations, nothing
to inspire of British royalty and history. Though the garden is large and
auspiciously named, one feels this isn’t that different from any other
large botanical garden. Due to the lack of interpretation, we develop
few deeper understandings of place, botany, or other.
The first and last reference
to the Princess of Wales
A few decorations here and there of royal
motifs, but too few, and at times in locations
that compete with natural authenticity such as
inside this habitat pavilion.
At least this block refers to
the date of its creation.
Autenticidad influyente
High potential, almost no exploitation. In fact Kew
participates in conservation around the world and
almost surely has influenced a generation of botanical
gardens. Yet it fails to reference at all its work in
conservation or influence on other gardens.
The Garden did boast a loggery that creates habitat for stag beetle
larvae, England’s largest invertebrate and loser of much habitat.
Interpretation could also have helped significantly here. No doubt on
the train ride, the interpreter mentioned the World Heritage status and
perhaps other elements, but most visitors just go for a walk with the
garden map (which also says nothing referential or influential).
Conservación Kew de su sitio de web
Kew botanist Jonathan Timberlake records vegetation on slopes of Mount Mabu.
This message on top of the Treetop Walkway made me
think: 1) with the substantial entrance fee, why ask for
additional money to do interpretation?; 2) the Garden
admits that it poorly interpreted this exhibit the first time;
3) if influential authenticity were higher, I would be less
cynical of this message -- and this from someone who
strongly supports interpretation!
Sobre la fachada
The façade is most responsible for creating first
impression and setting expectations. The
façade of the Victoria Gate, the main gate in
function though not in name, had no
interpretation, no royal decoration, set no
positive expectations, except perhaps as a
touristic garden. It did signal the kind of
experience I was going to have: manicured and
normal, not as exceptional as I had expected.
ROS: Suburbano
The whole garden has very high human
modification and many social encounters. Due
to the overall vegetation and general lack of
buildings, however, this zone is suburban
rather than urban.
The continual
criss-cross of
planes reminded
us that urban life
was only a rock’s
flight away.
In general there were really no
“awe” or “wow” or “cool”
moments. Most of the garden was
fairly homogeneous in terms of
experience opportunity and sense
of authenticity. There was some
slight variation around the
following, but questionable that
they actually merit separate
zoning.
En general: 3 a 3.5
Habitat Pavilions
The natural authenticity was a little higher as the
pavilions attempted to simulate (at least promote) to
some extent a habitat with some immersion, but due
to the straight, even paths, building structure, plant
labels, and manicured feeling, it was still clearly a
garden. 3.5.
As the trail entered the
conservation area
Cottage Grounds, the
Garden did a nice job
switching the path and
trail rails to more rustic
materials to accentuate
the more natural
authenticity feeling it
sought in this less
manicured area.
Habitat Pavilions
The Evolution House started out with high expectations
but quickly suffered several distractors such as the
abrupt change from habitat recreation (right) to
diorama use (left). 2.5
Service Area
This area around Orangery Restaurant and the Victoria Gate
façade were expectedly less authentic due to the high density of
people, restoration services, domestic animals, and even a
playground. 2.5 to 3.0.
And the
bathroom design
made no attempt to
increase any
category of
authenticity of the
visitor experience.
Despite its shortcomings,
Kew does offer
outstanding universal
value.
Attraction Authenticity Zoning
for the Tower of Belem
Lisbon, Portugal
Name of Attraction (Mod 3): Tower of Belem
Location (Mod 3): Lisboa
Ranking (Mod 3): 3
Surrounding Landscape Zone
(Mod 4):
urban
Interpretive Message, corresponding (Mod 2)
Cities live and die through control of their rivers,
therefore their defense demanded the highest
attention.
Authenticity Types
Natural, original,
exceptional,
referential,
influential
Basic Description (Mod 3)
Belém Tower or the Tower of St Vincent is a fortified tower located in the civil parish of Santa Maria de Belém
in the municipality of Lisbon, Portugal. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site (along with the nearby Jerónimos
Monastery) because of the significant role it played in the Portuguese maritime discoveries of the era of the
Age of Discoveries. The tower was commissioned by King John II to be part of a defense system at the mouth
of the Tagus River and a ceremonial gateway to Lisbon.
The tower was built in the early 16th Century and is a prominent example of the Portuguese Manueline style,
but it also incorporates hints of other architectural styles. The structure was built from lioz limestone and is
composed of a bastion and the 30-meter four-story tower. It has incorrectly been stated that the tower was built
in the middle of the Tagus and now sits near the shore because the river was redirected after the 1755 Lisbon
earthquake. In fact, the tower was built on a small island in the Tagus River near the Lisbon shore. (Adapted
from Wikipedia)
Exterior de la torre
Façade or Exterior Zone (first impression): Seen from plaza and parking lot
Authenticity
Distractions
Distractions that the
“average” or “general” visitor
would notice and that detract
from perception of authenticity.
[2] What a knowledgeable,
studied visitor about the period
and setting would notice, but a
general visitor would not.
[3] Zones can change cyclically
depending on number of
visitors, time of day, special
events, etc., but never more
than a half level.
[1]
General [1] Parking lot, metal bridge (wrong material), plaza, very clean and empty, many
people, lighting towers on adjacent field, no personnel or activity
Specialized [2]there was never a walkway, no flags flying, no boats docked, fort too close and
beach is more recent
Authenticity
Qualities
General High level of conservation, original appearing design, location in water,
exceptionally well done artistically, iconic and historically very important (referential)
Specialized
Current
Zone [3] (1–5)
3
Higher Zone Level If (strategies to improve authenticity) Could be 3.5 if walkway was made
of wood with an architectural style reminiscent of the age, some objects of the period in the
plaza, a docked boat, maybe some personnel (fake) or flags on the tower, guard station on
shore
Video of the Exterior
Click image to play
Walkway is inauthentic in
terms of material, style,
and even its very
existence.
Drawbridge entrance
maintains its authenticity
except for the metal hand
railings. The wooden portal
and metal draw chains feel
especially realistic, as well
as the closeness to the
water.
Main bastion, cannon emplacements
Interior Zone 1 (location): Entrance, drawbridge, bastion with cannon emplacements
Authenticit
y
Distractions
General Ticket booth, glass doors, cleanliness and emptiness, signs, lights, fire extinguishers,
gift shop (especially Heritage on a Coin machine which has nothing to do with the site!), no
personnel, no activity, no objects besides cannons, may have high congestion
Specialized Cannons are not real, no smells except ocean, guardroom replaced by ticket booth,
no cannon balls or other firing equipment
Authenticit
y Qualities
General High state of conservation, cannons look original, few signs of modernity, building
looks and feels original, visitor completely immersed/surrounded by environment
Specialized
Current
Zone (1–5)
3.5
Higher Zone Level If (strategies to improve authenticity) Could be 4 with outfitting of original
appearing objects (cannon balls, tables, barrels of water, etc.), convert ticket booth back into
guard room, uniformed interpreters, some sights and sounds of activity, eliminate hard-to-read
signs, remove or camouflage better the gift shop, more effective interpretation to increase
referential authenticity
This machine which
punches symbols into
coins is found in the gift
shop. It violates most of
the authenticity types,
and has nothing to do
with this particular site. It
promotes the perception
of low quality
commercialization of
heritage.
Main Terrace
Interior Zone 2 (location): Main terrace, governor’s room, kings’ room, audience room, tower terrace
Authenticity
Distractions
General Most of tower characterized by being very clean and empty without activity or
personnel, surrounding views of modernity (buildings, bridges, boats), artificial lighting
Specialized
Authenticity
Qualities
General High level of conservation, few signs of modernity
Current
Zone (1–5)
3.5
Higher Zone Level If (strategies to improve authenticity) could be 4 with the same
recommendations for Zone 1
Specialized
Governor’s Room
Authenticity Zone 3.5
Salon del rey
Authenticity Zone 3.5
Salón de los visitantes
Authenticity Zone 3.5
Capilla antes
Capilla actual
Interior Zone 4 (location): Capela, projection room
Authenticity
Distractions
General Seats and audio-visual equipment for visitors
Authenticity
Qualities
General High level of conservation
Current
Zone (1–5)
3
Higher Zone Level If (strategies to improve authenticity) could be 4 with the same
recommendations as above and elimination of TV viewing equipment or at least change
chairs to period realistic style (which is not desirable as the function is important; this was an
intentional reduction in authenticity)
Specialized
Specialized
Escalera a la terraza de
la torre
Interior Zone 5 (location): Staircase to tower terrace prohibited to general public
Authenticity
Distractions
General artificial lighting, glass windows
Authenticity
Qualities
General High level of conservation, exclusive of general public makes it feel more authentic
as if used by real personnel, not shaped for tourism, more original; small space is more
immersive, does not lack original objects or activity; cannot see most of modern landscape
Specialized
Specialized
Current
Zone (1–5)
4
Higher Zone Level If (strategies to improve authenticity) Little can be done except perhaps
replace artificial lighting with torches and eliminate glass windows
Terraza de la torre
Authenticity Zone 3.5
Vista del mar desde la terraza principal
Sometimes brief
moments, even in
the most
inauthentic
locations, can
provoke a visitor’s
imagination and
throw him headfirst into the site’s
story.
Macro estrategias
Estrategia para los productos de uso público de Quinta Mazatlan
Mensaje principal: El Valle del Río Grande Bajo que se encuentra en la Ruta de Vuelo Migratoria Central de
Norteamérica es un punto migratorio principal norte-sur para ambos aves y gente. Por consecuente, ambos residentes
y migrantes humanos y aviares han moldeado el carácter biológico, cultural y político del Valle.
Audiencia
Familias de Grupos
sub-mensaje
Habitat y
conservación
Historia
Objetivo
Grupos
Participantes Tejanos de
McAllen
organizados sociales
Pajareros de eventos
invierno
En Salon de
Programas
Vidrio,
personalizado menu de
s en la
programas
propiedad A, de Educ
B, C
Amb
Rotulacion
Rotulacion interna,
interna,
regalias, videopanfleo
charla
auto-guiado interpretativa
A, B, C
E
Rotulacion
interna,
panfleto autoguidado A-E
2.Patio-->Valle
Internal
Rotulación
interna (sí
mismo)
caminatas
guiadas,B, E
Se integra (sí
mismo) en
caminatas
guiadas;
pizarra de
noticias,
rotulación en
el exterior AC
Integrado a
los programas
personales,
quiscoes de
WBC A-E
Rotulación
exterior,
pizarrón,
quiscopanel del
WBC A-C
Rotulación
exterior,
pizarrón,
quisco de ebirdpanel de WBC
A-C
Rotulación
exterior,
pizarrón,
quisco ebirdpanel de
WBC, A-C
3.-->Conservación en patios
Intérprete,
rotulación
exterior,
quisco de
información
A-C
Exhibición
sobre
conservació
n, pizarrón,
programa
membresía
de WBC,
quisco E
Exhibición
sobre
conservación,
Parte de una
pizarrón,
charla-video
programa
interpretativa, membresía
quisco de WBC de WBC,
E
quisco E
Microcosmo de
un valle en
recuperación
1.Mansión --> Patio
A Jardín de mariposas
B El Patio
C La Pradera
E La Mansión
4.--> Fondo de conservación
Integrado a
los
programas
Integrado a
de
los programas educación
personales A- ambiental AE
C
Integrado a
los programas
personales,
WBC quisco AE
Nombre del parque
Mensaje principal:
Audiencia
Mensaje universalLocal Objectivo
1
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
2
3
3
Medio o
actividad &
atractivo
4
1
2
2
3
1
3
2
3
Habitat y
conservación
Internal
Rotulación
Microcos
interna (sí
mo de un
mismo)
valle en
caminatas
recuperac 1.Mansión --> guiadas,B,
ión
Patio
E
Rotulacion
En Salon de
interna,
Programas Vidrio,
Rotulacion regalias,
personaliza menu de
interna,
videodos en la
programas panfleo
charla
propiedad de Educ
auto-guiado interpretati
A, B, C
Amb
A, B, C
va E
Rotulacion
interna,
panfleto
autoguidado A-E
Habitat y
conservación
Internal
Rotulación
Microcos
interna (sí
mo de un
mismo)
valle en
caminatas
recuperac 1.Mansión --> guiadas,B,
ión
Patio
E
En Salon de
Programas Vidrio,
personaliza menu de
dos en la
programas
propiedad de Educ
A, B, C
Amb
Rotulacion
interna,
Rotulacion regalias,
interna,
videopanfleo
charla
auto-guiado interpretati
A, B, C
va E
Rotulacion
interna,
panfleto
autoguidado A-E