Major Brazilian Viticultural Regions and Grape Pest Management Marcos Botton, Ph.D. Grape Entomologist José Fernando da Silva Protas, Ph.D. Socioeconomist Embrapa The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Mission: provide solutions for the sustainable development of Brazilian agribusiness through knowledge and technology generation and transfer. Ministry of Agriculture 37 Research Centers in almost all the states of the Union 8,619 employees 2,221 researchers (54% Ph.D.) www.embrapa.br Embrapa Grape and Wine 1 Embrapa Grape and Wine (1975 - ...) National reference center for viniviticulture research Headquarters in Bento Gonçalves, RS 42 researchers 152 employees E.S. Temperate Fruits (Vacaria, RS) E.S. Tropical Viticulture (Jales, SP) Brazilian Viticultural Regions 2 Grown Area (Brazil) 69.000 ha (IBGE) Table and processing grapes RS State 35.000 ha 90% of the processing grapes produced in Brasil 80% American varieties (Isabel, Concord, Niagara, Bordo ... ) Vitis vinifera 3 Rio Grande do Sul Vitis vinifera “Serra So uth ea st “S err a” (27 0 ha) Gaúcha” (5000 ha) »Main varieties - White: Chardonnay, Riesling Itálico, Moscato - Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Tanat e Pinot Noir Campaign (1.000 ha) Serra Gaúcha Region 4 5 - Geographic Indication- Vale dos Vinhedos First geographic indication officially recognized from Brazil 6 H.P. Santos Campaign Region 7 Southeast « Serra » i n h e iVitis rvinifera o P r e t o e Santa Catari na »Main Varieties - White: Chardonnay - Red: Cabernet Sauvignon e Merlot T São Joaquim a (180 ha) n g a r á 8 SÃO JOAQUIM Vitis vinifera 9 VALE DO RIO SÃO FRANCISCO m é d Vitisi o vinifera tableS ã grapes o F r a n c i s c o San Francisco Valley (PE e BA) »Main varieties - Itália, Benitaka and Red Globe - Seedles: Festival, Thompson and Crimpson ( 9 5 0 10 Table Grapes – seedless brasilian varieties (2003) m é d Vitis i o vinifera S ã o F r a n c i s c o San Francisco Valley (PE e BA) »Main varieties - White: Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc e Moscato Canelli - Red: Cabernet Sauvignon e Syrah ( 5 0 11 American and Hybrids (processing) American and Hybrid grapes (Processing) Serra Gaúcha (25.000 ha) Rio Grande do Sul »Main varieties - White: Niágara, Couderc 13. - Red: Isabel, Bordô, Concord, Jacquez. - Rose: Niágara Rosada 12 h e i r American and oHybrid grapes P r e t o e (Processing) Santa Catari na »Main varieties - White: Niágara. - Red: Isabel, Jacquez e Couderc. T a n g a r á ( Table grapes (american varieties) 13 Table grapes (American varieties) Serra Gaúcha (2.387 ha) Rio Grande do Sul »Main varieties -White: Niágara, -Red: Isabel, Venus 14 Nova Mutum (MT) 15 16 Insects and mites associated with vineyards in Brazil • Indirect yield reduction • Kill plants • Disease transmission • Damage to berries 17 Insecticides for grape pest management in Brazil (2005) Fentiom - Lebaycid 500 (21 dias) Abamectin - Vertimec 180 CE (28 dias) Imidacloprid - (Premier 700 GRDA) – (60 dias) Thiamethoxan - Actara 250 WGR Bifentrina – Talstar 100 CE – (7 dias) 18 Major Rootstocks Temperate Region 101-14 (V. riparia x V. rupestris) Paulsen 1103 (V. berlandieri x V. rupestris) 043-43 (V. rotundifolia x V. vinifera) - ground pearl control? Tropical Region IAC-572 'Jales‘ (V. tiliifolia x '101-14 Mgt‘). IAC-766 'Campinas‘- (106-8 Mgt'?V. riparia x (V. rupestris x V. cordifolia)? x V. tiliifolia 19 Soil Pests Ground Pearl – Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) First Record – 1922 – Santa Maria, RS 20 Pest Biology E. Hickel June/July 1 year November E. Hickel November to March 21 Pest Biology E. Hickel E. Hickel A. De Klerk 22 Dispersion (vegetative material contaminated) Polyphagy (+ than 80 hosts) 23 Dispersion intra vineyards Ants – Argentine ant Linepitema humile Actual management • Avoid dispersion in propagative material • Resistant rootstock ? (043-43) • Chemical control – neonicotinoids insecticides (imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) 24 25 Grape Phylloxera • 80% american varities or hybrids • Isabel, Niagara, Bordo, ... • 60% own rooted cultivars 26 Major problem Leaf damage on Rootstocks production fields 27 Emerging problem? Leaf damage of grape filoxera on Vitis vinifera C. sauvignon Ciro Pavan 28 Ciro Pavan Ciro Pavan 29 75 0 Su PS m it h io n V 50 er 0 ti m ec 18 CE E en e s2 5 C W G O rt h ec i D 25 0 ct ar a A Pr ov ad o 20 0S C 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Insecticide effect on grape filoxera leaf form in grape rootstok 101-14. Bom Princípio, RS, 2003. (Botton et al., 2004) Insect Vectors Bacteria vectors Virus vectors 30 Xylella fastidiosa (Pierce´s Disease) – not found in grapes in Brazil Xylella fastidiosa in Brazil (other hosts) Citrus Variegated Chlorosis Plum leaf scald Coffee Leaf Scorch 31 Vectors of X. fastidiosa (HEMIPTERA:AUCHENORRHYNCHA) (CICADELLIDAE:CICADELLINAE) CICADELLINI CERCOPIDAE PROCONIINI Some species (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE, CICADELLINAE) found on grape in Brasil A. Homalodisca ignorata Melichar, 1924; B. Molomea consolida Schröder, 1959; C. Molomea lineiceps Young, 1968. Escala: 1 mm. Wilson Azevedo 32 Virus vectors (grape mealybugs) • P. viburni • P. longispinus New Project • Pest identification and biology • Dispersion in the field associated with ants • Control 33 Berry Damage Catterpillars Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) South american fruit moth 34 Ø Hosts Monitoring Troca a cada 75 dias 35 P recip it ação Nº d e macho s cap t urad o s Temp erat ura 2 p o r. M éd . M ó v. (Nº d e macho s cap t urad o s ) 26 2 20 2 10 2 00 1 90 1 80 1 70 1 60 1 50 1 40 1 30 1 20 1 10 1 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 S 2 3 4 5 6 O 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 N D J F M A M J J A Se m a na /M ê s Figura 1. Seasonal fluctuation of Argyrotaenia sphaleropa adults in Cabernet sauvignon. 2003/2004 Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Honeydew moth 36 Foto: Scatoni & Bentancourt, 1983. V. Pavesi 37 DANO Foto: Ringenberg, R., 2002. Foto: Scatoni & Bentancourt, 1983. DANO 38 LIBERADORES DO FSS por semana (X+EP) Nº de machos por armadilha RESULTADOS AVALIAÇÃO DO FSS 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 T1 a T2 T3 T4 a a b bb 19/11 a bbb aa 26/11 03/12 a aaa 10/12 Data Figura 1. Número de machos (média ± EP) de Cryptoblabes gnidiella capturados a cada sete dias em armadilhas delta iscadas com quatro formulações do feromônio sexual sintético T1 – ChemTica 5mg/membrana liberação Lenta, T2 – ChemTica 5mg/membrana liberação 2 vezes mais lenta que a primeira, T3 – ChemTica 2mg/septo de borracha, T4 – YOGEV 1 mg/septo de borracha, em quatro períodos de exposição no campo (n=5). Santa Maria da Boa Vista, PE. 2002. Médias seguidas por letras distintas diferem entre si pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis (p≤0,05). 39 40 26/ 07 09/ 08 23/ 08 06/ 09 20/ 09 04/ 10 18/ 10 01/ 11 15/ 11 29/ 11 13/ 12 27/ 12 10/ 01 24/ 01 07/ 02 21/ 02 07/ 03 21/ 03 04/ 04 18/ 04 02/ 05 16/ 05 30/ 05 13/ 06 27/ 06 11/ 07 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Number of C. gnidiella per 15 days in two orchards of Pinot Noir cultivar using pheromone traps in Bento Gonçalves, RS Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) A Adults of Sitophilus zeamais (Curculionidae) Curculionidae) 41 Foto: Salles, L. A. B. Foto: E. Hickel VINEYARDS 42 Fotos: E. Hickel South American Fruit Fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) 43 Fotos: E. Hickel 44 45 Número médio mosca/armadilha/semana 0 20/02/04 15/02/04 10/02/04 05/02/04 31/01/04 26/01/04 21/01/04 16/01/04 11/01/04 06/01/04 01/01/04 27/12/03 22/12/03 Monitoring -McPhail -Hydrolized protein 120 100 80 60 40 20 Data Adults seasonal flutuaction of A. fraterculus on vineyard cv. Moscato Embrapa. 46 Mites and trips Polyphagotarsonemus latus 47 Tetranychus urticae 48 Calepitrimerus vitis and Colomerus vitis 49 Ciro Pavan Ciro Pavan 50 Ciro Pavan Tripes • Selenotrips rubrocintus • Frankliniella rodeos 51 52 % of bunches infested by insects in Pinot Noir (2004/2005) % de cachos infestados 16 14 12 10 Argyrotaenia Cryptoblabes Sitophilus Pseudoccocidae 8 6 4 2 0 Vale dos Vinhedos Monte Belo Vale Aurora Thanks Visit us: www.cnpuv.embrapa.br 53