Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas para Agricultura Familiar Cadena de las

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Buenas Prácticas
Agrícolas
para la
Agricultura Familiar
Cadena de las principales
hortalizas de hojas en Argentina
Editores: Jorge A. Ferratto, Marcos Rodríguez Fazzone
Buenas Prácticas
Agrícolas
para la
Agricultura Familiar
Cadena de las principales
hortalizas de hojas en Argentina
Editores: Jorge A. Ferratto, Marcos Rodríguez Fazzone
Buenas Prácticas
Agrícolas
para la
Agricultura Familiar
Cadena de las principales
hortalizas de hojas en Argentina
Editores: Jorge Adrián Ferratto, Marcos Rodríguez Fazzone
Autores:
Ferratto, Jorge Adrián; Mondino, María Cristina; Grasso, Rodolfo; Ortiz Mackinson, Mauricio;
Longo, Alejandro; Carrancio, Luis; Firpo, Inés Teresa; Rotondo, Roxana; Zembo, Juan Carlos;
Castro, Guillermo; García, Matías; Rodríguez Fazzone, Marcos; Iribarren, María Josefina.
Colaboradores Regionales: Szczesny, A.; Belavi, A.; Pineda, J.C.; Labourdette, B.; Neira, P.
Revisión Técnica: María Josefina Iribarren
Colaboradores Regionales: Szczesny, A.; Belavi, A.; Pineda, J.C.; Labourdette, B.; Neira, P.
Agradecimientos: Liliana Picardi
Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca de la Nación
Julián Domínguez
Ministro de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca
Carla Campos Bilbao
Secretaria de Agricultura Familiar y Desarrollo Rural
Carlos Casamiquela
Presidente de INTA
Luciano Di Tella
Subsecretario de Economías Regionales
José María Mones Cazón
Coordinación Nacional por el Minagri
Oscar Balbi
Coordinación Nacional por Minagri
Amanda Fuxman
Coordinación Técnica por el Minagri
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO)
Jorge González de la Rocha
Representante de la FAO en Argentina
Juan Izquierdo
Experto Retirado en Producción y Protección Vegetal FAO RLC
Francisco Yofre
Oficial de Programas - FAO Argentina
TCP/ARG/3203
Marcos Rodríguez Fazzone
Consultor Técnico Principal - FAO Argentina
Guillermo González Castro Feijoo
Consultor en Comercialización -FAO Argentina
Josefina Iribarren
Consultor en BPA Hortícola - FAO Argentina
Universidad Nacional de Rosario
Liliana Ramírez
Decana Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias
Proyecto Hortícola de Rosario (PHR)
Jorge Adrián Ferratto
Director del Proyecto Hortícola de Rosario
Docente e Investigador de la UNR
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t"MNPKBSMBTIPKBTEFMDVMUJWPQVFEFGBWPSFDFSMBUSBOTNJTJØO
ZQSPMJGFSBDJØOEFFOGFSNFEBEFT
$PNQPOFOUFTEFVOTJTUFNBEFSJFHPMPDBMJ[BEP
-PTDPNQPOFOUFTTFEFUBMMBOBDPOUJOVBDJØO
t.PUPCPNCB
t$BCF[BM
t'JMUSPT
t4JTUFNBTEFJODPSQPSBDJØOEFGFSUJMJ[BOUFT
t6OJEBEEFDPOUSPM
t3FEEFDPOEVDDJØOZEJTUSJCVDJØOEFBHVB
t-ÓOFBNBESFTPQSJODJQBMFTMMFHBOBMBDBCFDFSBEFM
MPUF
t-ÓOFBTVCNBESFEPOEFTFDPOFDUBOMPTMBUFSBMFT
-BDBEFOBBHSPBMJNFOUBSJB-BQSPEVDDJ¯OQSJNBSJBZFMBDPOEJDJPOBNJFOUP
t-BUFSBMFTTPOMPTRVFFTUÈOFOFMMPUFEFDVMUJWPZQPSUBO
MPTEJGVTPSFT
t%JGVTPSFTHPUFSPTPNJDSPBTQFSTPSFT
.PUPCPNCBEFCFQSPWFFSBHVBFODBOUJEBEZQSFTJØO
TVGJDJFOUFQBSBFMGVODJPOBNJFOUPEFMFRVJQPÏTUBQVFEF
FYUSBFSBHVBEFMTVCTVFMPEFSÓPTEFFNCBMTFTFUD-BNJTNB
TFSÈEFFKFWFSUJDBMVIPSJ[POUBMDPOSFMBDJØOBMBQSPGVOEJEBE
EFFYUSBDDJØO
&OMBmHVSBTFPCTFSWBVOBCPNCBDPOVONPUPS
FMÏDUSJDP)1
RVFFYUSBFBHVBEFVOUBORVFSFTFSWPSJPEF
BHVBZMPJNQVMTBBVODBCF[BMEFSJFHPQPSHPUFP
0USPUJQPEFCPNCBTNVZVUJMJ[BEBTTPOMBEFUJQPTVNFS
HJCMFT
$BCF[BMFTFMDPSB[ØOEFMTJTUFNBmHVSB
EFCF
DVNQMJSDPOMBTTJHVJFOUFTGVODJPOFT
t'JMUSBDJØOQSJNBSJBQBSBSFNPWFSMBTQBSUÓDVMBTEF
NBZPSEJÈNFUSPZBTFBOEFBSFOBPNBUFSJBMFTPSHÈOJDPT
mMUSPTIJESPDJDMPOFTPEFHSBWB
HFOFSBMNFOUFVCJDBEPTBMB
FOUSBEBEFMDBCF[BM
t'JMUSBDJØOTFDVOEBSJBQBSBTFQBSBSQBSUÓDVMBTmOBTBOUFT
RVFQBTFBMBTUVCFSÓBTQSJODJQBMNFOUFSFUJFOFMBTJNQVSF[BT
QSPWFOJFOUFTEFMPTGFSUJMJ[BOUFTVUJMJ[BEPTFTVOmMUSPEFNBMMB
PBOJMMPTHFOFSBMNFOUFFTUBVCJDBEPBMBTBMJEBEFMDBCF[BM
t3FHVMBDJØOEFQSFTJØODVBOEPMBQSFTJØOTVQFSBVO
MÓNJUFEFUFSNJOBEPTFQSPEVDFFMSFUPSOPEFQBSUFEFMBHVBMP
RVFQFSNJUFRVFMBQSFTJØOOPFYDFEBMBEFTFBEB&MMPQSPUFHF
BMFRVJQPEFSPUVSBTQPSFYDFTPEFQSFTJØO
t'FSUJMJ[BDJØOJOZFDDJØOEFMGFSUJMJ[BOUFDPOCPNCBT
GFSUJMJ[BEPSBTPBUSBWÏTEFVO7FOUVSJ
t.FEJDJØOEFQSFTJØOFOEJGFSFOUFTQVOUPTNBOØNF
USP
FTUPJOEJDBFMFTUBEPEFMPTmMUSPTFMSJUNPEFJOZFDDJØOEFM
GFSUJMJ[BOUFTJFYJTUFBMHÞOQSPCMFNBBOJWFMEFMBCPNCBFUD
t%FTDBSHBEFBJSFFTVOBWÈMWVMBRVFQFSNJUFFYQVMTBSFM
BJSFQSFTFOUFFOMBTDB×FSÓBTZEFFTUBNBOFSBFWJUBSSPUVSBTBM
QPOFSFOGVODJPOBNJFOUPFMFRVJQP)BZEJGFSFODJBTEFPQJOJØO
TPCSFMBVUJMJ[BDJØOEFFTUFDPNQPOFOUFQVFTIBZDJFSUPTBV
UPSFTRVFPQJOBORVFMBQSFTJØOEFMBJSFEFOUSPEFMBTDB×FSÓBT
MJNQJBMPTHPUFSPT
t3FUFODJØOEFMnVKPDPOMBJOTUBMBDJØOEFVOBWÈMWVMB
EFSFUFODJØORVFJNQJEBRVFFMBHVBSFUPSOFZDPOUBNJOFMB
GVFOUFEFBHVB
t%PTJmDBDJØOBVUPNÈUJDBEFBHVBZGFSUJMJ[BOUFT
QFSNJUFBQMJDBSMBDBOUJEBEEFTFBEBEFBHVBFOGVODJØOEFM
WPMVNFOPEFMUJFNQPEFSJFHP(FOFSBMNFOUFTFVUJMJ[BO
DPNQVUBEPSBTRVFPSEFOBOMBBQFSUVSBZDJFSSFEFWÈMWVMBT
TPMFOPJEFTVCJDBEBTFOMBFOUSBEBEFDBEBNØEVMPEFSJFHP
-BPSEFOTFQVFEFUSBOTNJUJSQPSWÓBFMÏDUSJDBPIJESÈVMJDB&O
FMNFSDBEPFYJTUFOOVNFSPTBTNBSDBTDPNFSDJBMFTEFFRVJQPT
#VFOBT1SDUJDBT"HS©DPMBTQBSBMBBHSJDVMUVSBGBNJMJBS$BEFOBEFMBTQSJODJQBMFTIPSUBMJ[BTEFIPKBTFO"SHFOUJOB
EFDPOUSPMEFGFSUJSSJHBDJØODPOEJGFSFOUFTHSBEPTEFBVUPNB
UJTNPTQFSNJUJFOEPSFHBSZBQMJDBSOVUSJFOUFTFOGVODJØOBMB
DPOTJHOBFTUBCMFDJEB
t3FHJTUSPBDVNVMBUJWPEFDPOTVNPDBVEBMÓNF
USP
FTUPQFSNJUFUFOFSVOSFHJTUSPSFBMEFMPTDPOTVNPT
EFBHVBZBRVFFMDPOUSPMBUSBWÏTEFMUJFNQPEFSJFHP
OPFTFMBEFDVBEP
t$JFSSFEFQBTPTDPOWÈMWVMBTNBOVBMFTQBSBFOWJBS
FMBHVBBMPTEJGFSFOUFTTFDUPSFTEFSJFHPZQFSNJUJSSFQBSB
DJPOFTEFMDBCF[BM
'JMUSPTTPOEFWJUBMJNQPSUBODJBZBRVFEFPUSBNBOFSBTF
UBQBSÓBOMBTVOJEBEFTEJGVTPSFTHPUFSPTPUPCFSBT
MPTmMUSPT
VUJMJ[BEPTMPTQPEFNPTTFQBSBSFODVBUSPHSVQPT
t)JESPDJDMPOFTUSBCBKBOQPSFMQSJODJQJPEFMBDFOUSÓGVHB
mHVSB
TFQBSBOEPMBTQBSUÓDVMBTNÈTQFTBEBTUBMFTDPNP
HSBWBTBSFOBTZEFVOUBNB×PTVQFSJPSBMPTNJDSPOFT
QSPEVDFVOBQÏSEJEBEFDBSHBFMFWBEBRVFPTDJMBFOUSFB
LJMPHSBNPTEFQSFTJØO
t%FBSFOBPEFHSBWBTJMBTQBSUÓDVMBTEFmMUSBEPTPO
QFRVF×BTTFSÈEFBSFOBTJOPTFSÈEFHSBWBBCTPSCFOMBT
JNQVSF[BTEFMBHVBTPCSFMBFYUFOTBTVQFSmDJFRVFUJFOFO
3FDPNFOEBEPTQBSBBMHBTSFTUPTPSHÈOJDPTZQFRVF×PTQBS
UÓDVMBTJOPSHÈOJDBTBSDJMMBTFUD
JNQVSF[BTNVZDPNVOFT
DVBOEPTFFYUSBFBHVBEFSÓPVPUSBTGVFOUFTBDJFMPBCJFSUP&M
FTQFTPSEFMBDBQBEFBSFOBPHSBWBEFCFTFSDPNPNÓOJNPEF
DFOUÓNFUSPTZFMnVKPEFBHVBEFMJUSPTQPSNJOVUPZQPS
NEFTVQFSmDJFmMUSBOUF6OmMUSPMJNQJPOPEFCFQSPEVDJSVOB
QÏSEJEBEFDBSHBTVQFSJPSBLJMPHSBNPTEFQSFTJØODVBOEP
FMmMUSPFTUBTVDJPPDPOUBNJOBEPTFQSPEVDFVOEJGFSFODJBEF
QSFTJØOFOUSFMBFOUSBEBZTBMJEBEFBHVBRVFOPEFCFTFSNÈT
EFLJMPHSBNPTEFQSFTJØODPOSFTQFDUPBMBTDPOEJDJPOFT
EFMJNQJF[BUPUBMTFDPOUSPMBDPOVONBOØNFUSPBMBFOUSBEB
ZTBMJEBEFMNJTNP
-BMJNQJF[BTFQSPEVDFQPSSFUSPMBWBEPFT
EFDJSIBDFSQBTBSFMBHVBFOTFOUJEPDPOUSBSJP
t%FNBMMBCBTBEPTFOFMFNFOUPTQFSGPSBEPTNBMMB
NFUÈMJDBTPEFQMÈTUJDPRVFSFUJFOFOMBTQBSUÓDVMBTNÈTmOBT
&TUPTmMUSPTTFPCUVSBOGÈDJMNFOUFQPSFMMPFMBHVBEFCFMMFHBS
-BDBEFOBBHSPBMJNFOUBSJB-BQSPEVDDJ¯OQSJNBSJBZFMBDPOEJDJPOBNJFOUP
BÏMTVmDJFOUFNFOUFMJNQJB&MUBNB×PEFMPSJmDJPEFMBNBMMB
EFCFTFSEFEFMUBNB×PEFMPSJmDPEFMHPUFSP/PSNBMNFOUF
QSPEVDFVOBQÏSEJEBEFQSFTJØOEFLJMPHSBNPT
t%FBOJMMBTGPSNBEPTQPSBOJMMBTDVZBTDBSBTTPOJSSF
HVMBSFTZSFUJFOFOQBSUÓDVMBTFOTVTVQFSmDJFZFOTVJOUFSJPS
DVNQMFOMBGVODJØOJHVBMRVFFMBOUFSJPS/PSNBMNFOUFQSPEVDF
VOBQÏSEJEBEFQSFTJØOEFLJMPHSBNPT"DUVBMNFOUFFTVOP
EFMPTNÈTVUJMJ[BEPTQPSTVGBDJMJEBEFOMBMJNQJF[B
4JTUFNBTEFJODPSQPSBDJØOEFMGFSUJMJ[BOUFGFSUJSSJ
HBDJØO
TPOFMFNFOUPTRVFQFSNJUFOJOZFDUBSMBTPMVDJØO
NBESFBMnVKPEFBHVBQBSBSJFHPMPTQSJODJQBMFTTFEFTDSJCFO
BDPOUJOVBDJØO
t7FOUVSJCBTBEPFOFMQSJODJQJPEF7FOUVSJFTVOFTUSFDIB
NJFOUPEFMnVKPFOVOUVCPQBSBMFMPBMBEJSFDDJØOEFMNJTNP
RVFQSPEVDFVOWBDÓPRVFQFSNJUFBTQJSBSMBTPMVDJØONBESF
4POTJNQMFTZFDPOØNJDPTQFSPEFBMUPDPOTVNPEFFOFSHÓB
&TFMTJTUFNBRVFNÈTTFVUJMJ[BFOOVFTUSPQBÓT
t#PNCBEFJOZFDDJØOTPOCPNCBTRVFQFSNJUFOJOZFDUBS
MBTPMVDJØONBESF"MHVOBTTPOCPNCBTIJESÈVMJDBTRVFVTBO
MBQSFTJØOEFMBHVBDPNPGVFOUFEFFOFSHÓBCBTBEBFOFM
GVODJPOBNJFOUPEFQJTUPOFTZEJBGSBHNBTPUSBTTPOFMÏDUSJDBT
RVFJOZFDUBOMBTPMVDJØONBESFBQSFTJØO-BWFOUBKBFTMB
FYBDUJUVEEFMBTBQMJDBDJPOFTBNQMJBQPTJCJMJEBEEFSFHVMBDJØO
ZOPOFDFTJUBNVDIBFOFSHÓBQBSBTVGVODJPOBNJFOUPQFSPTPO
DPTUPTBTZFTOFDFTBSJPVONBOUFOJNJFOUP
3FEEFDPOEVDDJØOZEJTUSJCVDJØOEFMBHVB
&OHFOFSBMMBTDB×FSÓBTQSJNBSJBTTFDVOEBSJBTUFSDJBSJBT
ZTVCNBESFTTPOEF17$SÓHJEPZMPTMBUFSBMFTMPTRVFMMFWBO
MPTHPUFSPT
TPOEFQPMJFUJMFOP-BTQSJNFSBTTPOEFEJÈNFUSP
WBSJBCMFTFHÞOMPTTFDUPSFTEFSJFHPEFBNJMÓNFUSPTP
NÈT
ZHFOFSBMNFOUFWBOFOUFSSBEBTMBTTFHVOEBTTPOEF
#VFOBT1SDUJDBT"HS©DPMBTQBSBMBBHSJDVMUVSBGBNJMJBS$BEFOBEFMBTQSJODJQBMFTIPSUBMJ[BTEFIPKBTFO"SHFOUJOB
PNJMÓNFUSPTOPSNBMNFOUFWBOTPCSFFMTVFMPEFCFO
UFOFSUSBUBNJFOUPQBSBFWJUBSFMFGFDUPOFHBUJWPEFMPTSBZPT
VMUSBWJPMFUBTEFMTPM
&OMBmHVSBTFPCTFSWBVOBDB×FSÓB
TVCNBESFDPOWÈMWVMBFMÏDUSJDBZEPTEFSJWBDJPOFTDPOTVT
SFTQFDUJWBTMMBWFTEFQBTP&OMBmHVSBTFNVFTUSBMB
DB×FSÓBTVCNBESFFOGPSNBTVQFSmDJBMDPODPOFDUPSFTZDB×P
EFSJFHPQPSHPUFP
%JGVTPSFTPHPUFSPTMPTHPUFSPTEFCFSBQPSUBSVODBVEBM
IPNPHÏOFPSFEVDJEPZOPPCTUSVJSTFDPOGBDJMJEBEUBNCJÏO
EFCFOTFSQPDPTTFOTJCMFTBMBTWBSJBDJPOFTEFQSFTJØO"DPO
UJOVBDJØOTFEFTDSJCFOBMHVOPTNPEFMPT
t(PUFSPTEFMBCFSJOUPTDPNÞOQVFEFFTUBSJODPSQPSBEP
POPBMMBUFSBMTPMEBEPPQBSBJOTFSUBSFYUFSOBNFOUF
-BQÏSEJEB
EFQSFTJØOTFQSPEVDFQPSMBDPNQMJDBDJØOEFMUSBZFDUPEFMnVKP
UVSCVMFODJB
&TFMHPUFSPNÈTVTBEPQSFTFOUBFYBDUJUVEFOMB
EFTDBSHBSFTJTUFODJBBPCTUSVDDJPOFTBDDJØOTFNJSSFHVMBEPSB
FODVBOUPBMBQSFTJØO"DUVBMNFOUFTPOSFFNQMB[BEPTQPSMPT
MMBNBEPTiEFQMBDBwRVFUJFOFOFMNJTNPQSJODJQJP
t(PUFSPTEFMBCFSJOUPDPOEJBGSBHNBTPBVUPDPNQFO
TBEPTUJFOFOVOEJBGSBHNBRVFQFSNJUFDPOUSPMBSMBEFTDBSHB
FOQSFTJPOFTNVZWBSJBEBTUJFOFONVZQPDBWBSJBDJØOEF
DBVEBMBQMJDBEPDPOSFMBDJØOBMBQSFTJØO
4FQVFEFOVTBSFO
DPOEJDJPOFTUPQPHSÈmDBTBEWFSTBTQFSNJUFBMBSHBSMPTMBUFSBMFT
OPUBCMFNFOUFFUD*NQPSUBOUFFOMPTDVMUJWPTTJOTVFMPQBSB
FWJUBSEFTVOJGPSNJEBE
t(PUFSPTJOUFHSBEPTTPOHPUFSPTEFMBCFSJOUPJOTFSUBEPT
FOMBQBSFEJOUFSOBEFMMBUFSBMQPSUFSNPGVTJØO
t.JDSPUVCPTFTVOUVCPNVZmOPRVFQSPEVDFEJTNJOVDJØO
EFMBQSFTJØOQPSFMSFDPSSJEPEFMnVKPBMPMBSHPEFMNJDSPUVCP
-BDBEFOBBHSPBMJNFOUBSJB-BQSPEVDDJ¯OQSJNBSJBZFMBDPOEJDJPOBNJFOUP
/PTPOVOJGPSNFTTPOFDPOØNJDPTEFGÈDJMPCTUSVDDJØOZNVZ
DBNCJBOUFTFOGVODJØOEFMBUFNQFSBUVSBFYUFSJPS"DUVBMNFOUF
VTBEPTFODVMUJWPTJOTVFMPDPOVOPSJmDJPEFNBZPSEJÈNFUSP
DPOBMUPDBVEBMEFEFTDBSHBTØMPBDFQUBEPQPSFMTVTUSBUP
RVFFTVUJMJ[BEPFOFTUBUÏDOJDBEBEPMBBMUBDBQBDJEBEEF
JOmMUSBDJØOEFMNJTNP
-PTMBUFSBMFTEFSJFHPTFDPOFDUBOBMBMÓOFBTFDVOEBSJBP
TVCNBESFQPSNFEJPEFiDIJDPUFTwDB×PTDJFHPTBMPTDVBMFTTF
MFTJOTFSUBMPTMBUFSBMFTEFSJFHP
-BDPOFYJØOTFIBDFBUSBWÏT
EFVODPOFDUPS&OBMHVOPTDBTPTDVBOEPMBMÓOFBTVCNBESFOP
TFFODVFOUSBFOUFSSBEB
TFDPOFDUBFMMBUFSBMEJSFDUBNFOUFBMB
TVCNBESFQPSNFEJPEFDPOFDUPSFTRVFQVFEFOUFOFSWÈMWVMB
EFQBTPmHVSB
„
$ÈMDVMPEFOFDFTJEBEFTEFSJFHP
-PTDÈMDVMPTEFSJFHPTFEFCFOSFBMJ[BSFOGVODJØOBMB
FWBQPUSBOTQJSBDJØOQBSBFMMPFTDPOWFOJFOUFUFOFSFTUBOEBSJ
[BEPTMPTDPOTVNPTEFBHVBEFDBEBDVMUJWPQBSBDBEBFTUBEP
WFHFUBUJWPZDPOEJDJPOFTDMJNÈUJDBT
4FEFCFNPOJUPSFBSQFSNBOFOUFNFOUFRVFMBDBOUJEBE
BQMJDBEBEFSJFHPTFBMBDPSSFDUBQPSFKFNQMPQPSNFEJPEF
MJTÓNFUSPTUFOTJØNFUSPTQMVWJØNFUSPTPCTFSWBDJPOFTDPO
QBMBFUD
&UBQBTBTFHVJSQBSBMBFMBCPSBDJØOEFVOQSPZFDUP
EFSJFHPQPSHPUFP
B%FUFSNJOBDJØOEFMBDBMJEBEEFBHVB
4FEFCFSFBMJ[BSVOBOÈMJTJTEFBHVBDPOFMmOEFEFUFSNJOBS
TJÏTUBFTBQUBQBSBSJFHPDPOFMmOEFQSFWFOJSJOTPMVCJMJ[B
DJPOFTJODSVTUBDJPOFTFOMBTDB×FSÓBTZEJGVTPSFTQSPCMFNBT
EFTBMJOJ[BDJØOZTPEJmDBDJØOEFMPTTVFMPTUPYJDJEBEFTFOMPT
WFHFUBMFTFUD
-PTQSJODJQBMFTQBSÈNFUSPTBDPOTJEFSBSTPO
t$POEVDUJWJEBE
tQ)
t4VMGBUPTDMPSVSPTDBSCPOBUPTCJDBSCPOBUPTCPSBUPTFUD
t$BMDJPNBHOFTJPTPEJPFUD
t.BUFSJBPSHÈOJDB
C%FUFSNJOBDJØOEFMBOFDFTJEBEEFESFOBKF
4FEFCFSFHBSDPOVOQPSDFOUBKFEFBHVBNBZPSBMBT
OFDFTJEBEFTEFMDVMUJWPQBSBQPEFSMPHSBSFMMBWBEPEFTBMFTZ
NBOUFOFSFMOJWFMNÈTCBKPQPTJCMFFOMB[POBSBEJDBM(FOFSBM
NFOUFFTUFQPSDFOUBKFFTEFBTJFOEPNBZPSBNFEJEB
RVFMBTBMJOJEBEBVNFOUB
D%FUFSNJOBDJØOEFMPTSFRVFSJNJFOUPTEFMDVMUJWP
$PODFQUPTHFOFSBMFTMBTQMBOUBTOFDFTJUBOBHVBQBSB
TVDSFDJNJFOUPZEFTBSSPMMPTJFOEPFTUFFMGBDUPSQSJODJQBMQBSB
#VFOBT1SDUJDBT"HS©DPMBTQBSBMBBHSJDVMUVSBGBNJMJBS$BEFOBEFMBTQSJODJQBMFTIPSUBMJ[BTEFIPKBTFO"SHFOUJOB
MPHSBSCVFOPTSFOEJNJFOUPTZDBMJEBE6OBQBSUFJNQPSUBOUF
EFMBHVBNÈTEFM
FTFMJNJOBEBIBDJBMBBUNØTGFSBDPNP
WBQPSÏTUBTFEFOPNJOBUSBOTQJSBDJØOZTFSFBMJ[BBUSBWÏTEF
MPTFTUPNBTEFMBTIPKBT&MQSPDFTPDPOKVOUPEFUSBOTQJSBDJØO
EFMBTQMBOUBTZMBFWBQPSBDJØOEFMTVFMPDPOTUJUVZFMBFWBQP
USBOTQJSBDJØO-BFWBQPSBDJØOEFMTVFMPTFSÈNVZJNQPSUBOUF
TJÏTUFTFFODVFOUSBNPKBEPTJNJMBSBVOFTQFKPEFBHVBBMB
NJTNBUFNQFSBUVSB
FODBNCJPFOVODVMUJWPCBKPJOWFSOBEFSP
DPONVMDIJOHTFSÈDBTJOVMB
&OUPEPQSPZFDUPEFSJFHPFTJNQPSUBOUFEFUFSNJOBSMBT
OFDFTJEBEFTEFMPTDVMUJWPTOPTØMPMBTHMPCBMFTTJOPUBNCJÏOMBT
RVFDPSSFTQPOEFOBDBEBFUBQBEFMNJTNPFTEFDJSMBMMBNBEB
FWBQPUSBOTQJSBDJØOEFMPTDVMUJWPTP6TP$POTVOUJWPEFMPT
NJTNPTFTUBTEPTEFOPNJOBDJPOFTTFEJGFSFODJBOTPMBNFOUF
FORVFMBTFHVOEBUJFOFFODVFOUBFMBHVBRVFRVFEBFOMP
UFKJEPTEFMPTWFHFUBMFTOPMMFHBBM
DPNPFTEFQPDB
JNQPSUBODJBFOMBQSÈDUJDBMPDPOTJEFSBSFNPTTJOØOJNPT/PS
NBMNFOUFFTUFQSPDFTPTFNJEFFONNEÓBQPSNFTPB×PFT
OFDFTBSJPUFOFSFODVFOUBRVFNNFTJHVBMBMJUSPEFBHVB
FOVONPNIB
t-BUFNQFSBUVSBMBBDDJØOEFMBUFNQFSBUVSBBVNFOUB
MBQSFTJØOEFWBQPSEFMPTUFKJEPTQPSMPUBOUPBVNFOUBMB
USBOTQJSBDJØO
t&MWJFOUPFMWJFOUPBVNFOUBFMHSBEJFOUFEFQSFTJØOEF
MPTFTUPNBTZFODPOTFDVFODJBHFOFSBNBZPSUSBOTQJSBDJØOTJ
FTUFFTFYDFTJWPTFQSPEVDFVODJFSSFFTUPNÈUJDP
t-BDBOUJEBEEFBHVBEFRVFEJTQPOFMBQMBOUBFO
FMTVFMPFTVOGBDUPSMJNJUBOUFZBRVFFMEÏmDJUSFEVDFMB
USBOTQJSBDJØOEFMBQMBOUB
"NFEJEBRVFFMDVMUJWPDSFDFBVNFOUBFMSFRVFSJNJFOUPEF
BHVBQSJODJQBMNFOUFTJTFEFTBSSPMMBFOVOBFTUBDJØODÈMJEB
-BFWBQPUSBOTQJSBDJØOSFBMFTMBRVFUJFOFFMDVMUJWPFOVO
NPNFOUPEFUFSNJOBEPZTFQVFEFDBMDVMBSBUSBWÏTEFMB
TJHVJFOUFNBOFSB
&5SFBMNNQPSVOJEBEEFUJFNQP
&UPEFSFGFSFODJB
Y,DEFMDVMUJWP
-PTGBDUPSFTRVFJOnVZFOFOMBUSBOTQJSBDJØOTPOMBSBEJBDJØO
MBIVNFEBESFMBUJWBMBUFNQFSBUVSBMPTWJFOUPTZMBEJTQPOJCJ
MJEBEEFBHVBBDPOUJOVBDJØOTFFYQMJDBDBEBVOPEFFMMPT
-B&UPEFSFGFSFODJBUBNCJÏOMMBNBEBFWBQPUSBOTQJSBDJØO
QPUFODJBM
FTMBRVFPDVSSJSÓBCBKPEFUFSNJOBEBTDPOEJDJPOFT
DMJNÈUJDBTFOVOÈSFBFYUFOTBEFHSBNÓOFBTEFBDFOUÓ
NFUSPTEFBMUVSBVOJGPSNFFOBDUJWPDSFDJNJFOUPRVFQSPZFDUB
TPNCSBTPCSFMBUPUBMJEBEEFMBTVQFSmDJFEFMUFSSFOPZRVFOP
MFGBMUFBHVB
t3BEJBDJØOTPMBSTVFGFDUPTPCSFMBUSBOTQJSBDJØOTF
FGFDUÞBTPCSFMBBQFSUVSBZDJFSSFEFMPTFTUPNBTFOMBNBZPSÓB
EFMPTWFHFUBMFTMPTFTUPNBTTFDJFSSBODVBOEPEFTBQBSFDFMB
MV[ZMBUSBOTQJSBDJØOTFEFUJFOF&TUFFTFMQSJODJQBMGBDUPSZFM
RVFFYQMJDBFOHSBOQBSUFFTUFQSPDFTP
&OFMDVBESPTFNVFTUSBMFFWBQPUSBOTQJSBDJØOQP
UFODJBMPEFSFGFSFODJBDBMDVMBEBTFHÞONÏUPEP'"01FONBO
QBSBMB[POBEF;BWBMMB1SPWJODJBEF4BOUB'FTJUVBEBB
LJMØNFUSPTEFMBDJVEBEEF3PTBSJP
FMEBUPNPTUSBEPFODBEB
NFTFTFMWBMPSNFEJPPCUFOJEPEFEJDIPNFT
t-BIVNFEBESFMBUJWBFTUÈDPOSFMBDJØOBMBQSFTJØOEF
WBQPSEFMBBUNØTGFSBDVBOEPNBZPSFTMBQSFTJØOEFWBQPS
EFMBBUNØTGFSBNÈTMFOUBFTMBUSBOTQJSBDJØO
,DEFMDVMUJWPFTUFDPFmDJFOUFEFMDVMUJWPFTVOGBDUPSRVF
DPSSJHFMBFWBQPUSBOTQJSBDJØOQPUFODJBMFOGVODJØOBMDVMUJWP
&TUFGBDUPSTFEFUFSNJOBFNQÓSJDBNFOUFQBSBDBEBDVMUJWPZ
FUBQBEFQFOEFQSÈDUJDBNFOUFEFMÓOEJDFEFÈSFBGPMJBS&M,D
TFFODVFOUSBUBCVMBEPTJOFNCBSHPQVFEFSFRVFSJSVOBKVTUF
SFHJPOBMFOGVODJØOBMPTNBUFSJBMFTHFOÏUJDPTFUD
-BDBEFOBBHSPBMJNFOUBSJB-BQSPEVDDJ¯OQSJNBSJBZFMBDPOEJDJPOBNJFOUP
-PTQSPDFEJNJFOUPTNÈTVUJMJ[BEPTQBSBEFUFSNJOBSFM,DEF
MPTDVMUJWPTTPOFMFNQMFPEFMJTÓNFUSPTZEFCBMBO[BT
$BVEBMNI
TVQFSmDJFBSFHBSIB
YEPTJTEFSJFHP
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HPUFSPTBDNFOUSFDBEBVOPEFFMMPTQSJODJQBMNFOUFTJ
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QPSSPUVSBQSPWPDBOEB×PTJSSFWFSTJCMFTBMPTDVMUJWPTZBNBZPS
FTQFTPSNBZPSFTMBSFTJTUFODJBBSPUVSBT
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FTQFDJmDBEBQPSMBTFNQSFTBTQSPWFFEPSBT
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LHGDN
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VOBGPSNBTJNQMJmDBEBEFDÈMDVMPFTNVMUJQMJDBSQPSP
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EFMTVFMP4FQVFEFVUJMJ[BSVOBQBMBDPOFMPCKFUJWPEFPCTFSWBS
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NÈTEFVOEFEJGFSFODJBFOUSFBNCBTQPTJDJPOFT
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CJFOFTOFDFTBSJPUFOFSFODVFOUBWBSJPTQBSÈNFUSPT
t6TPEF5FOTJØNFUSPTTPOEJTQPTJUJWPTTFODJMMPTRVF
NJEFOMBIVNFEBEEFMTVFMPBEJGFSFOUFTQSPGVOEJEBEFTQFS
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