500 common business verbs English to Spanish
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500 common business verbs by Andrew D. Miles Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007 500 Business Verbs C o p y ri g h t by An d r e w D . M i l e s , B a r c e l o n a , 2 0 0 7 . Al l ri ghts reserved . No part of thi s publi cati on may be reproduced, stored in a retri eval system, or transmi tted, i n any form wi thout wri tten authorization from the author. Cover photograph by Andr ew D . M i l es www.engli shforbusiness.es Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007 amortize or amortise amortizar, depreciar A amount sumar abandon abandonar analyse analizar abate 1. suprimir 2. rebajar abrogate revocar, rescindir absorb absorber accelerate acelerar, adelantar accept aceptar accrue 1. acumular 2. devengar, periodificar announce anunciar appeal apelar appoint designar, nombrar apportion asignar, repartir, prorratear appraise 1. tasar, valorar, valuar 2. evaluar 3. peritar appreciate apreciar, valorizar approve aprobar arrange compaginar, organizar, ordenar accumulate acumular acquire adquirir assign asignar, adjudicar, traspasar add 1. sumar 2. agregar adjourn retrasar, aplazar attach 1. adjuntar, anexar 2. embargar, incautar, decomisar adjust 1. ajustar 2. liquidar attend asistir, atender administer administrar, gestionar, dirigir attest certificar, atestar administrate administrar, gestionar, dirigir authenticate autentificar, autenticar, refrendar advertise anunciar, publicitar authorize or authorise autorizar, habilitar, acreditar advise 1. asesorar, aconsejar 2. avisar automate automatizar, sistematizar affiliate afiliar age clasificar según antigüedad, anticuar agree acordar, pactar, convenir aid ayudar, subvencionar allocate asignar, afectar, distribuir award 1. adjudicar 2. conceder, otorgar B back respaldar allot asignar, dotar back up 1. hacer copias de seguridad 2. respaldar allow 1. permitir 2. reservar 3. descontar balance balancear, cuadrar, saldar alter alterar bargain 1. regatear 2. pactar amalgamate fusionar, amalgamar barter permutar, canjear Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007 bear devengar, rendir, producir, redituar centralize or centralise centralizar certify certificar benefit beneficiar change cambiar bequeath legar cheapen abaratar berth atracar amarrar claim reclamar, demandar bid ofrecer, pujar (en una licitación, concurso, subasta, etc.) classify clasificar bill facturar close cerrar, cesar, clausurar coadministrate coadministrar block bloquear, congelar, inmovilizar board embarcar code codificar codify codificar coin acuñar bond caucionar book 1. reservar 2. asentar bottle embotellar coinsure coasegurar collect cobrar, recaudar collocate colocar boycott boicotear break even 1. llegar al punto de equilibrio 2. estar en una situación en que los gastos son iguales que los ingresos break up 1. separar, dividir 2. desguazar comanage coadministrar, codirigir combine combinar, consolidar, mancomunar commercialize or commercialise comercializar bribe sobornar commission comisionar, dar en comisión, encargar budget presupuestar communicate comunicar buy comprar compensate 1. compensar 2. indemnizar C compete competir complain quejarse, reclamar compound combinar calculate calcular compute computar, calcular call llamar, convocar cancel cancelar, anular, rescindir cannibalize or cannibalise canibalizar capitalize or capitalise capitalizar conceal ocultar condone condonar confiscate confiscar, decomisar, comisar, incautar carry transportar conform conformar, aprobar, autorizar cast 1. fundir 2. colar, vaciar consign consignar catalogue or catalog catalogar consolidate consolidar, fusionar Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007 consume consumir defer diferir, aplazar contract contratar deflate deflactar deforest deforestar contribute contribuir, aportar control controlar convey 1. transportar 2. transferir, traspasar defraud defraudar, estafar delay retrasar, atrasar delegate delegar coordinate coordinar delete borrar copy copiar deliver remitir, enviar, expedir, despachar corner monopolizar, acaparar cost costar, valer demonetize or demonetise desmonetizar counsel asesorar, aconsejar demote degradar count contar, arquear counterbid contraofertar denationalize or denationalise desnacionalizar counteroffer contraofertar deplete agotar credit abonar, acreditar, imputar, registrar en el haber deregulate liberalizar, desregular cumulate acumular design diseñar customize or customise personalizar devaluate devaluar cut cortar, rebajar devalue devaluar, desvalorizar derive derivar deviate desviar D digitalize or digitalise digitalizar digitize or digitise digitalizar damage dañar, averiar dilute diluir date 1. fechar, poner fecha, datar 2. citar diminish disminuir, mermar, decrecer deal traficar, tratar, comerciar direct dirigir, administrar decapitalize or decapitalise descapitalizar disburse desembolsar decentralize or desentralise descentralizar dismiss despedir decide decidir decode descifrar, descodificar defalcate desfalcar display exhibir, mostrar dispossess desahuciar, desalojar declare declarar decree decretar disconnect desconectar dissolve disolver, liquidar distribute distribuir, repartir divest desinvertir dock atracar Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007 document documentar execute ejecutar draft 1. realizar en borrador, hacer un esquema 2. delinear, dibujar exhibit exhibir, exponer draw 1. dibujar 2. girar, librar 3. retirar 4. devengar, producir expand expandir expire 1. caducar 2. vencer, prescribir exploit explotar E expose exponer expropriate expropiar earn 1. ganar, percibir 2. devengar, producir extend 1. extender, ampliar 2. conceder economize or economise economizar, ahorrar extract extraer, resumir edit corregir un texto, redactar embargo embargar extrapolate extrapolar F employ emplear empower delegar poder, conceder poder, facultar, capacitar, potenciar, habilitar enclose adjuntar fabricate fabricar fail 1. fracasar, fallar 2. quebrar fall bajar, caer encode cifrar, codificar encumber gravar, afectar endorse endosar, avalar, respaldar enlarge ampliar enrol or enroll 1. v.t. inscribir, matricular, registrar 2. v.i. inscribirse, matricularse, registrarse. enter registrar, asentar, apuntar, inscribir erase borrar fall behind atrasarse. fall due vencer file archivar finance financiar fine multar fire despedir flop fallar, fracasar flow fluir fluctuate fluctuar, variar erode erosionar fold 1. cerrar o cesar operaciones 2. plegar, doblar establish establecer estimate presupuestar, tasar, valorar, estimar evade evadir foreclose ejecutar forge falsificar found 1. fundar 2. fundir evaluate evaluar fragment fragmentar examine examinar, revisar exchange cambiar, intercambiar franchise dar en concesión o franquicia, franquiciar Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007 index indexar free liberar freeze bloquear, inmovilizar, congelar function funcionar indorse endosar. industrialize or industrialise industrializar inflate inflar G inform informar inherit heredar gain 1. incrementar, aumentar 2. beneficiarse graduate 1. v.t. graduar 2. v.t. escalonar 3. v.i. graduarse, recibirse, licenciarse, obtener el título universitario grant 1. otorgar, conceder 2. donar grow crecer inject inyectar input ingresar J join 1. v.i. incorporarse, asociarse, unirse, hacerse socio, afiliarse 2. v.t. unir, juntar guarantee garantizar, avalar guard custodiar, cuidar, vigilar K H key teclear L harvest cosechar hedge proteger, cubrir label etiquetar, rotular help ayudar highlight resaltar, destacar hoard acaparar, acopiar hold tener, poseer hypothecate hipotecar, pignorar I labour or labor 1. trabajar, laborar land 1. aterrizar 2. desembarcar lapse prescribir, vencer, caducar launch lanzar launder blanquear, lavar, hacer aflorar lead liderar, dirigir legalize or legalise legalizar import importar lend prestar impose imponer let arrendar, alquilar increase aumentar, incrementar limit limitar indemnify indemnizar, compensar link enlazar, vincular Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007 liquidate liquidar load cargar nominate nominar, nombrar, designar loan prestar note anotar, apuntar log registrar notice avisar, notificar lose perder notify notificar nullify anular, invalidar M O maintain mantener make hacer object oponerse, objetar manage gestionar, administrar, dirigir occupy ocupar manufacture fabricar, manufacturar offer ofrecer, ofertar offset balancear, compensar mark 1. marcar 2. poner nota, calificar offshore| deslocalizar open abrir mature vencer, caducar operate operar measure. medir optimize or optimise optimizar merchandise comercializar organize or organise organizar merge fusionar, consolidar, amalgamar outlay desembolsar mint acuñar misappropriate malversar mix mezclar monopolize or monopolise monopolizar overcapitalize or overcapitalise sobrecapitalizar overdraw girar en descubierto, sobregirar overload sobrecargar overproduce sobreproducir mortgage hipotecar overstate sobretasar, sobrevalorar multiply multiplicar overtrade comprar o vender en demasía, comprometerse a comprar o vender más de lo que se puede afrontar N overvaluate sobrevaluar name nombrar, nominar, designar nationalize or nationalise nacionalizar navigate navegar negotiate negociar overvalue sobrevalorar, sobrevaluar, sobretasar P Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007 pack 1. empaquetar, embalar 2. envasar private privado, particular privatize or privatise privatizar participate participar process procesar pass 1. v.i. aprobar 2. v.t. transferir, pasar procure comprar, adquirir, obtener pawn empeñar produce 1. producir 2. redituar, rendir, devengar pay back devolver, reembolsar profit ganar, beneficiarse. pay in 1. pagar, desembolsar 2. depositar, ingresar program or programme programar pay out pagar, desembolsar pay up pagar una deuda, pagar por completo, cancelar promote 1. promover, fomentar, promocionar 2. ascender, promocionar prorate prorratear pension jubilar protest protestar perform rendir, desempeñarse, funcionar, actuar publish publicar place colocar, posicionar purvey suministrar, proveer purchase comprar plan planificar plough back or plow back reinvertir plough into or plow into invertir polish pulir poll sondear, encuestar pollute contaminar position posicionar, colocar possess poseer Q quote 1. cotizar 2. ofertar, presupuestar R post 1. enviar por correo 2. asentar, registrar 3. anunciar, publicar raise 1. aumentar, incrementar 2. recaudar postpone posponer, prorrogar, aplazar rate 1. calificar, evaluar 2. tasar, valorar power propulsar rationalize or rationalise racionalizar prefabricate prefabricar reacquire readquirir, recomprar prefinance prefinanciar readjust reajustar preliminary preliminar recapitalize or recapitalise recapitalizar prescribe prescribir preview 1. ver previamente 2. preestrenar, avanzar print imprimir reconcile conciliar, reconciliar record 1. registrar, asentar 2. grabar recover recuperar, rescatar Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007 recruit reclutar, contratar restructure reestructurar, reconvertir recycle reciclar result resultar redeploy reubicar, recolocar retain retener rediscount redescontar revaluate revaluar reduce reducir, rebajar revalue revaluar reexport reexportar reverse invertir, revertir refinance refinanciar revise revisar reimburse reintegrar, reembolsar revoke revocar reimport reimportar rise aumentar, incrementar, alzar reinsure reasegurar risk arriesgar release 1. liberar 2. estrenar, lanzar robotize or robotise instalar robots, robotizar relocate reubicar, recolocar rotate rotar, girar remit remitir, remesar round off redondear remunerate remunerar render rendir, presentar, exponer rule dictaminar, fallar renegotiate renegociar run 1. v.t. dirigir, administrar, gestionar, manejar 2. v.t. poner en funcionamiento, hacer funcionar 3. v.t. ejecutar 4. v.i. funcionar renew renovar reorganize or reorganise reorganizar repay reintegrar, devolver, reembolsar replace 1. reemplazar, sustituir 2. reponer reply responder represent representar S save 1. ahorrar, economizar 2. salvar 3. guardar reproduce reproducir schedule planificar, programar, proyectar reprogram reprogramar seal sellar repurchase recomprar second secundar request solicitar, pedir segment segmentar rescind rescindir segregate segregar, separar rescue rescatar seize secuestrar, confiscar, decomisar, embargar, incautar reserve reservar sell off liquidar resign renunciar restate 1. redefinir 2. tasar o valorar de nuevo, actualizar restrict restringir send enviar, remitir settle 1. acordar, fijar 2. saldar, liquidar, cancelar Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007 settle up saldar cuentas, pagar subscribe suscribir share participar, compartir subtract restar, deducir ship remitir, despachar sue demandar shop comprar sum sumar, totalizar shorthand taquigrafiar summon convocar, citar, emplazar show mostrar, exponer, exhibir supervise supervisar smuggle contrabandear supply abastecer, aprovisionar, suministrar sort clasificar support 1. apoyar, respaldar 2. mantener specialize or specialise especializarse. surcharge recargar, sobrecargar speculate especular survey 1. encuestar 2. relevar, peritar, reconocer, estudiar spend gastar spin hilar suspend suspender split dividir sustain mantener, sostener sponsor auspiciar, patrocinar, promover square 1. cuadrar 2. elevar al cuadrado 3. cancelar, saldar squeeze restringir stamp 1. sellar, timbrar 2. estampar, imprimir standardize or standardise estandarizar, normalizar staple grapar, engrapar stock almacenar, tener en existencias stockpile acopiar swap intercambiar systematize or systematise sistematizar T tag 1. etiquetar 2. codificar take on contratar tally hacer que algo cuadre, hacer que algo concuerde, cuadrar tax gravar telecommute teletrabajar store almacenar telephone telefonear streamline racionalizar strike declararse en huelga, ir a la huelga, parar structure estructurar tend tender terminate terminar, rescindir test 1. examinar 2. ensayar, probar total totalizar study estudiar subcontract subcontratar sublease subalquilar, subarrendar sublet subalquilar, subarrendar totalize or totalise totalizar trader traficante, comerciante, mercader traffic traficar Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007 train 1. entrenar, adiestrar 2. instruir, formar, capacitar transcribe transcribir translate 1. traducir 2. convertir 3. trasladar travel viajar W warrant 1. justificar 2. garantizar, asegurar waste malgastar, desperdiciar watch vigilar, custodiar treat tratar water diluir turn over rotar, girar wear 1. v.t. usar 2. v.t. y v.i. desgastar type mecanografiar weigh pesar will legar U wind up cerrar, cesar operaciones, liquidar underestimate 1. subvalorar, infravalorar, calcular por debajo del importe real 2. subestimar underuse infrautilizar undervalue subvaluar, subvalorar wire telegrafiar withhold 1. retener 2. denegar write escribir write down 1. reducir el valor, devaluar 2. apuntar, anotar unionize or unionise sindicalizar, agremiar write in agregar, incluir unload descargar Y update actualizar upload cargar utilize or utilise usar, usufructuar V validate legalizar, validar valuate valuar, tasar vary variar veto vetar yield 1. redituar, rendir 2. producir Z zone dividir en zonas, zonificar, calificar www.amazon.com Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007 Andr ew D . M i l es i s the di rector of Engli sh for Business Barcelona, Engli sh for Business Madri d and Phone + Online. Engli sh for Business Barcelona teaches Engli sh lessons to companies in the Barcelona area. Engli sh for Business Madri d teaches Engli sh lessons to companies in the Madrid area. Engli sh Phone provi des online + phone lessons to students who want to i mprove thei r busi ness communi cation skills www.engli shforbusiness.es Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
