8/26/14 Genetic Characterization of Pitahaya/Dragon Fruit Accessions in California Dr. Greg W. Douhan Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology UC Riverside Overview Molecular Biology 101 Research Progress 1 8/26/14 Molecular Biology 101 Molecular Biology 101 PCR 2 8/26/14 Molecular Biology 101 DNA sequence data Cultivar/Species DNA sequence AGGGCTCTTCCAGAGAGGGCTCTTCCAGAG A B C AGGGCTCTTTCAGAGAGGGCTCTTCCAGAG AGGGCTCTTCCAGAGAGGTCTCTTCCAGAG Molecular Biology 101 Molecular Markers Cultivar/Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 600 500 400 300 3 8/26/14 Molecular Biology 101 Molecular Markers Species/cultivar 1 Species/cultivar 2 Molecular Biology 101 Molecular Markers Species/cultivar 1 Species/cultivar 2 4 8/26/14 Davis et al. 1998 Heredity 89:319-323 5 8/26/14 Genetic analysis of dragon fruit UC germplasm collection 280 accessions: California, Florida, Nicaragua, Mexico, and Columbia Ramiro Lobo/Tanizaki, Deborah Pagliacia/Georgios Vidalakis-UCR Pitahaya'Types! • Several!species!of!Hylocereus!iden3fied,!but!there!is! uncertainty!about!proper!iden3fica3on! • Differen3ated!by!stem!&!fruit!characteris3cs!(bracts,! shape!and!fruit!color!>!skin!and!flesh)! • Two!commonly!available!in!CA:! – Hylocereus*undatus*(red!skin,!white!flesh)! – Hylocereus!sp.!(primarily!red!skin!&!red!flesh)!! • Many!Hylocereus!hybrids!(several!skin!and!flesh!colors! combina3ons,!from!yellow!to!deep!magenta!or!dark! red)! • Selenecereus*megalanthus*>!Yellow!or!Colombian,! yellow,!thorny!skin!and!white,!translucent!flesh! 6 8/26/14 Commercial'Varie3es?' • Pitahaya!hybridizes!quite!easily!so!large!number!of! hybrids!or!clones!produced!by!breeders! • Several!clones!promoted!as! superior !but!no! replicated!research!data!available! • Improved,!proprietary!varie3es!available!from!Israel,! Taiwan!and!private!breeders!in!US! • Big'challenge'for'commercial'produc3on'is' confusion'and'duplica3on'on'named'varie3es'so' DNA'needed'to'clarify'things' The Problem • 2-3 years into the trial when plants grew and started fruiting, we started noticing great variability among plants within the same variety and great similarities among plants from different varieties. Big'challenge'for'commercial'produc3on'is'confusion'and' 'duplica3on'on'named'varie3es'so'DNA'needed'to'clarify'things' 7 8/26/14 Varie3es'Under'Study' • • • • • • • • • • Cebra!(Nic)! Rosa!(Nic)! Orejona!(Nic)! Lisa!(Nic)! Sin!Espinas!(Nic)! San!Ignacio!(Nic)! Mexicana!(Mex)! Colombiana!(SD/Col)! Valdivia!Roja!(Mex)! Bien!Hoa!Red!(SD)! • • • • • • • • • • Bien!Hoa!White!(SD)! Delight!(SD)! American!Beauty!(FL)! Haley s!Comet!(FL)! Physical!Graffi3!(FL)! Vietnamese!Giant!(FL)! Yellow!Dragon!(FL/Col)! Seoul!Kitchen!(FL)! Armando!(Nic)! El!Grullo!(Mex)!added!late! Dragon Fruit Accessions • All accessions were collected from the South Coast Research and Extension Center • The collection consists of 5 species – H. undatas, H. guatermalensis, H. costaricensis/polyrhizus, H. ocamponis, H. megalanthus, + hybrids 8 8/26/14 Methods and Materials • Actively growing shoots were sampled (278 plants) • Surfaced sterilized using 70% ethanol • DNA extracted using a Qiagen kit Methods and Materials • Accessions were genotyped using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique 9 8/26/14 Methods and Materials AFLP UPGMA U194 Bien UC111 UC129 UC130 Hoa Bien Red Hao Bien Hoa Bien Hoa San Red Diego San Diego Red San Diego Red San Diego Red San U C 1 4 8 U C 1 4 9 UC196 UC242 UC276 Bien Hoa Bien Hoa Bien Hoa Red San Red San UC55 American Beauty UC56 American Beauty UC110 Bien Diego Diego Diego Florida Florida Hao Red San Hoa Red San Diego U C 1 5 8 UC195 Bien Diego U C 2 1 0 UC60 Bien Hoa Red San Diego UC61 Bien Hoa Red San Diego UC62 Bien Hoa Red San Diego UC37 American Beauty UC41 Bien Red UC243 Hoa Bien Hoa Florida San Red Diego San Diego U C 1 5 3 U C 1 5 5 UC91 Haleys Comet H. guatemalensis Florida U C 1 0 1 U C 1 0 5 U C 1 0 6 UC139 Colombiana Yellow Dragon U C 1 4 3 U C 1 4 4 U C 1 4 5 UC182 UC183 Seoul Kitchen Seoul Florida Kitchen Florida U C 2 1 2 U C 2 1 3 U C 2 1 7 UC5 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC7 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC82 Seoul Kitchen Florida U C 1 6 0 U C 1 6 1 U C 2 0 7 U C 2 0 8 UC83 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC84 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC96 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC97 Seoul UC266 UC267 UC6 Kitchen Florida Seoul Kitchen Seoul Kitchen Seoul UC115 Kitchen Florida Florida Florida Vietnamese Giant Florida UC15 Vietnamese Giant Florida UC16 Vietnamese Giant Florida UC116 UC93 Vietnamese Giant Vietnamese Giant Florida Florida U C 1 5 3 UC180 Mexicana UC181 Nicaragua Mexicana UC203 Nicaragua Mexican UC204 UC52 UC53 Nicaragua Mexican Nicaragua Mexicana Nicaragua Mexicana Nicaragua UC54 Mexicana Nicaragua UC72 Mexicana Nicaragua UC73 Mexicana UC74 Mexicana UC94 Vietnamese UC205 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Undatus San Mexicana Seoul Florida Nicaragua Mexicana Mexicana H UC179 UC191 Giant Mexican UC264 UC44 UC99 Diego Nicaragua Kitchen UC113 Delight Florida UC114 Delight Florida UC134 Delight Florida UC136 Delight Florida Florida UC175 Haleys Comet Florida UC178 Haleys Comet Florida UC179 UC18 UC184 UC19 UC197 UC198 UC21 UC257 UC258 UC259 Haleys Comet Haleys Comet Delight Florida Florida Florida Haleys Comet Haleys Haleys Delight Florida Comet Florida Comet Florida Florida Haleys Comet Haleys Florida Comet Haleys Florida Comet UC38 Delight Florida UC39 Delight Florida Florida UC22 Delight Nicaragua UC237 Delight Florida U C 1 5 1 U C 1 5 2 UC230 Physical Graffiti Florida UC231 Physical Graffiti Florida UC50 Physical Graffiti Florida UC51 Physical Graffiti Florida UC81 Haleys Comet Florida UC86 Physical Graffiti Florida UC87 Physical Graffiti Florida UC49 Physical Graffiti Florida U C 1 5 7 UC165 UC166 UC167 UC17 Physical Graffiti Physical Graffiti Physical Graffiti Haleys Comet Florida UC85 Physical Graffiti Florida UC239 Delight Florida UC92 Physical Graffiti Florida UC254 Physical UC108 Sin UC200 UC34 UC57 Graggiti Espinas San Sin Espinas Espinas Espinas Sin Espinas Colombiana UC138 Florida Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Sin UC222 UC137 UC71 Nicaragua Nicaragua Espinas Sin Sin UC132 Nicaragua Ignacio Espinas Sin UC58 UC59 Nicaragua Nicaragua Yellow Colombiana Dragon Yellow Colombiana Dragon Yellow Dragon Yellow Dragon U C 2 0 6 UC70 UC95 Colombiana Yellow UC275 UC63 Dragon Florida Colombiana UC251 Yellow Colombiana UC253 Dragon Yellow Colombiana Dragon Yellow Colombiana Yellow Dragon Dragon UC64 Colombiana Yellow Dragon UC65 Colombiana Yellow Dragon UC69 Colobiana Yellow UC42 Colombiana UC43 Colobiana UC235 UC236 Dragon Colombia Colombia Colombiana Yellow Dragon Colombiana Yellow Dragon UC256 Physical Graffiti Florida UC10 UC78 UC9 UC8 Rosa San Nicaragua Rosa San UC201 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Rosa UC164 UC244 UC11 Ignacio Rosa Rosa UC162 UC2 Nicaragua Nicaragua Ignacio Nicaragua San Ignacio Nicaragua San Ignacio Nicaragua Cebra Nicaragua UC12 Cebra Nicaragua UC13 Cebra Nicaragua UC27 Cebra UC124 Nicaragua Lisa UC125 Nicaragua Lisa UC140 Nicaragua Oregona UC171 Lisa UC172 Nicaragua Lisa UC190 Nicaragua Lisa UC221 Nicaragua Cebra UC234 Nicaragua Rosa UC246 Nicaragua Cebra UC248 Nicaragua Lisa UC249 Nicaragua Nicaragua Lisa UC189 Nicaragua Lisa Nicaragua UC29 Rosa Nicaragua UC30 Orejona Nicaragua UC67 Lisa Nicaragua UC68 Lisa Nicaragua UC88 Rosa UC89 Rosa UC90 Rosa UC163 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Rosa UC168 Nicaragua Cebra UC170 Nicaragua Cebra UC220 Nicaragua Cebra UC232 Nicaragua Rosa UC233 Nicaragua Rosa UC241 Nicaragua Rosa Nicaragua UC169 Cebra UC173 Lisa UC240 Nicaragua Nicargua Rosa UC118 Nicaragua Orejona Nicaragua UC46 Orejona Nicaragua UC48 Orejona Nicaragua UC119 Orejona Nicaragua UC76 Armando Nicaragua UC77 Armando Nicaragua UC126 Armando UC127 UC25 UC75 Nicaragua Armando UC128 Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua Armando UC224 Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua UC26 Armando Nicaragua UC98 Armando Nicaragua UC272 Armando UC273 Nicaragua Armando UC174 San UC202 Nicaragua Ignacio San Nicargua Ignacio UC35 San Ignacio UC80 San Ignacio UC36 San Ignacio Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 4 6 UC247 Cebra UC274 Armando Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 4 1 U C 1 4 2 UC269 Orejona UC270 Nicaragua Orejona UC47 Orejona UC66 Lisa Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 0 2 UC219 Cebra UC120 Nicaragua Cebra UC123 Lisa Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 4 7 UC187 Orejona Nicaragua UC229 Physical Graffiti Florida U C 1 0 3 U C 1 0 4 U C 1 5 0 UC109 MX El Grullo Mexico UC133 MX El Grullo Mexico UC45 MX El Grullo UC107 Valdivia Roja UC262 Valdivia Roja San Diego San Diego U C 2 1 4 UC178 Valdivia Roja San Diego San Diego U C 2 1 5 UC199 UC20 Valdivia Valdivia Roja Roja Florida 0.01 changes 10 8/26/14 UPGMA U194 Bien UC111 UC129 UC130 Hoa Bien Red Hao Bien Hoa Bien Hoa San Red Diego San Diego Red San Diego Red San Diego U C 1 4 8 U C 1 4 9 UC196 UC242 UC276 Bien Hoa Bien Hoa Bien Hoa Red San Red San Red American Beauty American Beauty Bien Diego Diego San UC55 UC56 UC110 Diego Florida Florida Hao Red San Hoa Red San Diego U C 1 5 8 UC195 Bien Diego U C 2 1 0 UC60 Bien Hoa Red San UC61 Bien Hoa UC62 Bien Hoa UC37 American Beauty UC41 Bien Red UC243 Hoa Bien Diego Red San Diego Red San Diego Hoa Florida San Red Diego San Diego U C 1 5 3 U C 1 5 5 UC91 Haleys Comet H. guatemalensis Florida U C 1 0 1 U C 1 0 5 U C 1 0 6 UC139 Colombiana Yellow Dragon U C 1 4 3 U C 1 4 4 U C 1 4 5 UC182 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC183 Seoul Kitchen Florida U C 2 1 2 U C 2 1 3 U C 2 1 7 UC5 Seoul Kitchen UC7 Seoul Kitchen UC82 Seoul Florida Florida Kitchen Florida U C 1 6 0 U C 1 6 1 U C 2 0 7 U C 2 0 8 UC83 Seoul UC84 Kitchen Seoul Seoul Kitchen Seoul Kitchen UC266 UC267 UC6 UC15 Florida Florida Kitchen Kitchen Kitchen Florida Florida Florida Vietnamese Giant Vietnamese UC16 Giant Vietnamese UC116 UC93 Florida Seoul Seoul Seoul UC115 Florida Kitchen UC96 UC97 Florida Florida Giant Vietnamese Florida Giant Vietnamese Giant Florida Florida U C 1 5 3 UC180 Mexicana Nicaragua UC181 Mexicana Nicaragua UC203 Mexican UC204 Nicaragua Mexican Nicaragua UC52 Mexicana Nicaragua UC53 Mexicana Nicaragua UC54 Mexicana Nicaragua UC72 Mexicana Nicaragua UC73 Mexicana Nicaragua UC74 Mexicana UC94 Vietnamese UC205 Nicaragua Mexicana H UC113 UC114 UC134 UC136 UC175 UC178 UC179 UC18 Delight UC258 Florida Florida Florida Delight Florida Haleys Comet Haleys Florida Comet Haleys Florida Comet Comet Delight Florida Florida Florida Comet Haleys Florida Comet Haleys Delight UC259 Diego Nicaragua Florida Delight Delight Haleys UC197 UC198 UC21 UC257 San Kitchen Haleys UC184 UC19 Nicaragua Undatus Mexicana Seoul Florida Nicaragua Mexicana UC44 UC99 UC179 UC191 H. undatas Nicaragua Giant Mexican UC264 Florida Comet Florida Florida Haleys Comet Haleys Florida Comet Haleys Florida Comet UC38 Delight Florida UC39 Delight Florida Florida UC22 Delight Nicaragua UC237 Delight Florida U C 1 5 1 U C 1 5 2 UC230 Physical Graffiti Florida UC231 Physical Graffiti Florida UC50 Physical Graffiti Florida UC51 Physical Graffiti Florida UC81 Haleys Comet Florida UC86 Physical Graffiti Florida UC87 Physical Graffiti Florida UC49 Physical Graffiti Florida U C 1 5 7 UC165 Physical UC166 Graffiti Physical UC167 Graffiti Physical UC17 Graffiti Haleys Comet Florida UC85 Physical Graffiti Florida UC239 Delight Florida UC92 Physical Graffiti Florida UC254 Physical UC108 Sin UC200 UC34 UC57 Graggiti Espinas San Sin Sin Espinas Sin Espinas UC222 UC137 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Sin Espinas Sin Espinas Nicaragua Nicaragua Colombiana UC138 Florida Nicaragua Espinas UC58 UC71 Nicaragua Espinas UC59 UC132 Nicaragua Ignacio Sin Yellow Colombiana Dragon Yellow Colombiana Yellow Dragon Dragon U C 2 0 6 UC70 Colombiana UC95 Yellow UC275 Yellow Dragon Colombiana Colobiana UC42 Dragon Dragon Dragon Yellow Dragon Yellow Yellow Colombiana UC43 Dragon Dragon Colombia Colobiana UC235 UC236 Dragon Yellow Yellow Yellow Colombiana UC65 UC69 Dragon Yellow Colombiana Colombiana Colombiana UC64 Florida Colombiana UC251 UC253 UC63 Colombia Colombiana Yellow Dragon Colombiana Yellow Dragon UC256 Physical Graffiti Florida UC10 Rosa UC78 Nicaragua San UC9 Ignacio Rosa UC8 Rosa UC162 UC2 Nicaragua Rosa UC164 Nicaragua Rosa San Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Ignacio Nicaragua UC244 San Ignacio Nicaragua UC201 San Ignacio Nicaragua UC11 Cebra UC12 Nicaragua Cebra UC13 Cebra UC27 Cebra UC124 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Lisa UC125 Nicaragua Lisa UC140 Nicaragua Oregona UC171 Lisa UC172 UC221 Nicaragua Lisa Nicaragua Lisa Nicaragua Cebra UC234 Rosa UC246 Cebra UC248 Lisa UC249 Nicaragua Nicaragua Lisa UC189 UC190 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Lisa Nicaragua UC29 Rosa Nicaragua UC30 Orejona Nicaragua UC67 Lisa Nicaragua UC68 Lisa Nicaragua UC88 Rosa UC89 Rosa UC90 Rosa UC163 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Rosa UC168 Nicaragua Cebra UC170 Nicaragua Cebra UC220 Nicaragua Cebra UC232 Nicaragua Rosa UC233 Nicaragua Rosa UC241 Nicaragua Rosa Nicaragua UC169 Cebra UC173 Lisa UC240 Nicaragua Nicargua Rosa UC118 Nicaragua Orejona Nicaragua UC46 Orejona Nicaragua UC48 Orejona Nicaragua UC119 Orejona Nicaragua UC76 Armando Nicaragua UC77 Armando Nicaragua UC126 Armando UC127 Nicaragua Armando UC128 Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua UC25 Armando Nicaragua UC75 Armando Nicaragua UC224 Armando Nicaragua UC26 Armando Nicaragua UC98 Armando Nicaragua UC272 Armando UC273 Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua UC174 San Ignacio UC202 San Ignacio UC35 San Nicargua Nicaragua Ignacio UC80 San Ignacio UC36 San Ignacio Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 4 6 UC247 Cebra UC274 Armando Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 4 1 U C 1 4 2 UC269 Orejona Nicaragua UC270 Orejona Nicaragua UC47 Orejona UC66 Lisa Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 0 2 UC219 Cebra UC120 Nicaragua Cebra UC123 Nicaragua Lisa Nicaragua U C 1 4 7 UC187 Orejona Nicaragua UC229 Physical Graffiti Florida U C 1 0 3 U C 1 0 4 U C 1 5 0 UC109 MX El Grullo Mexico UC133 MX El Grullo Mexico UC45 MX El Grullo UC107 UC262 Valdivia Roja Valdivia Roja San Diego San Diego U C 2 1 4 UC178 Valdivia Roja San Diego San Diego U C 2 1 5 UC199 Valdivia UC20 Valdivia U194 Bien Roja Roja Florida 0.01 changes UPGMA UC111 UC129 UC130 Hoa Bien Red Hao Bien Hoa Bien Hoa San Red Diego San Diego Red San Diego Red San Diego Red San U C 1 4 8 U C 1 4 9 UC196 UC242 UC276 Bien Hoa Bien Hoa Bien Hoa Red San Red San UC55 American Beauty UC56 American Beauty UC110 Bien Diego Diego Diego Florida Florida Hao Red San Hoa Red San Diego U C 1 5 8 UC195 Bien Diego U C 2 1 0 UC60 Bien Hoa Red San Diego UC61 Bien Hoa Red San Diego UC62 Bien Hoa Red San Diego UC37 American Beauty UC41 Bien Red UC243 Hoa Bien Hoa Florida San Red Diego San Diego U C 1 5 3 U C 1 5 5 UC91 Haleys Comet H. guatemalensis Florida U C 1 0 1 U C 1 0 5 U C 1 0 6 UC139 Colombiana Yellow Dragon U C 1 4 3 U C 1 4 4 U C 1 4 5 UC182 UC183 Seoul Kitchen Seoul Florida Kitchen Florida U C 2 1 2 U C 2 1 3 U C 2 1 7 UC5 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC7 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC82 Seoul Kitchen Florida U C 1 6 0 U C 1 6 1 U C 2 0 7 U C 2 0 8 UC83 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC84 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC96 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC97 Seoul UC266 UC267 UC6 Kitchen Florida Seoul Kitchen Seoul Kitchen Seoul UC115 Kitchen Florida Florida Florida Vietnamese Giant Florida UC15 Vietnamese Giant Florida UC16 Vietnamese Giant Florida UC116 UC93 Vietnamese Giant Vietnamese Giant Florida Florida U C 1 5 3 UC180 Mexicana UC181 Nicaragua Mexicana UC203 Nicaragua Mexican UC204 UC52 UC53 Nicaragua Mexican Nicaragua Mexicana Nicaragua Mexicana Nicaragua UC54 Mexicana Nicaragua UC72 Mexicana Nicaragua UC73 Mexicana UC74 Mexicana UC94 Vietnamese UC205 San Delight Florida Delight Florida UC134 UC136 UC175 UC179 UC18 UC184 UC19 UC197 UC198 UC21 UC257 Diego Nicaragua Kitchen UC113 UC114 UC178 Florida Nicaragua Nicaragua Undatus Mexicana Seoul Delight Florida Florida Delight Florida Haleys Comet Haleys Florida Comet Haleys Florida Comet Haleys Comet Delight Florida Florida Florida Haleys Comet Haleys Haleys Delight Florida Comet Florida Comet Florida Florida Haleys Comet UC258 Haleys Comet UC259 Haleys Comet UC38 Delight Florida UC39 Delight Florida Florida Florida Florida UC22 Delight Nicaragua UC237 Delight Florida Hybrids U C 1 5 1 U C 1 5 2 UC230 Physical Graffiti Florida UC231 Physical Graffiti Florida UC50 Physical Graffiti Florida UC51 Physical Graffiti Florida UC81 H. undatas Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Mexicana Mexicana H UC179 UC191 Giant Mexican UC264 UC44 UC99 Haleys Comet Florida UC86 Physical Graffiti Florida UC87 Physical Graffiti Florida UC49 Physical Graffiti Florida U C 1 5 7 UC165 UC166 UC167 UC17 Physical Graffiti Physical Graffiti Physical Graffiti Haleys Comet Florida UC85 Physical Graffiti Florida UC239 Delight Florida UC92 Physical Graffiti Florida UC254 Physical UC108 Sin UC200 UC34 UC57 UC58 UC59 Graggiti Florida Nicaragua Ignacio Espinas Nicaragua Nicaragua Espinas Espinas Espinas Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Sin Espinas Sin Espinas Colombiana UC138 UC71 Espinas San Sin Sin Sin Sin UC132 UC222 UC137 Nicaragua Nicaragua Yellow Colombiana Dragon Yellow Colombiana Dragon Yellow Dragon Yellow Dragon U C 2 0 6 UC70 UC95 Colombiana Yellow UC275 UC63 Dragon Florida Colombiana UC251 Yellow Colombiana UC253 Dragon Yellow Colombiana Dragon Yellow Colombiana Yellow Dragon Dragon UC64 Colombiana Yellow Dragon UC65 Colombiana Yellow Dragon UC69 Colobiana Yellow UC42 Colombiana UC43 Colobiana UC235 UC236 Dragon Colombia Colombia Colombiana Yellow Dragon Colombiana Yellow Dragon UC256 Physical Graffiti Florida UC10 UC78 UC9 UC8 Rosa San Nicaragua Rosa San UC201 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Rosa UC164 UC244 UC11 Ignacio Rosa Rosa UC162 UC2 Nicaragua Nicaragua Ignacio Nicaragua San Ignacio Nicaragua San Ignacio Nicaragua Cebra Nicaragua UC12 Cebra Nicaragua UC13 Cebra Nicaragua UC27 Cebra UC124 Nicaragua Lisa UC125 Nicaragua Lisa UC140 Nicaragua Oregona UC171 Lisa UC172 Nicaragua Lisa UC190 Nicaragua Lisa UC221 Nicaragua Cebra UC234 Nicaragua Rosa UC246 Nicaragua Cebra UC248 Nicaragua Lisa UC249 Nicaragua Nicaragua Lisa UC189 Nicaragua Lisa Nicaragua UC29 Rosa Nicaragua UC30 Orejona Nicaragua UC67 Lisa Nicaragua UC68 Lisa Nicaragua UC88 Rosa UC89 Rosa UC90 Rosa UC163 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Rosa UC168 Nicaragua Cebra UC170 Nicaragua Cebra UC220 Nicaragua Cebra UC232 Nicaragua Rosa UC233 Nicaragua Rosa UC241 Nicaragua Rosa Nicaragua UC169 Cebra UC173 Lisa UC240 Nicaragua Nicargua Rosa UC118 Nicaragua Orejona Nicaragua UC46 Orejona Nicaragua UC48 Orejona Nicaragua UC119 Orejona Nicaragua UC76 Armando Nicaragua UC77 Armando Nicaragua UC126 Armando UC127 UC25 UC75 Nicaragua Armando UC128 Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua Armando UC224 Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua UC26 Armando Nicaragua UC98 Armando Nicaragua UC272 Armando UC273 Nicaragua Armando UC174 San UC202 Nicaragua Ignacio San Nicargua Ignacio UC35 San Ignacio UC80 San Ignacio UC36 San Ignacio Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 4 6 UC247 Cebra UC274 Armando Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 4 1 U C 1 4 2 UC269 Orejona UC270 Nicaragua Orejona UC47 Orejona UC66 Lisa Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 0 2 UC219 Cebra UC120 Nicaragua Cebra UC123 Lisa Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 4 7 UC187 Orejona Nicaragua UC229 Physical Graffiti Florida U C 1 0 3 U C 1 0 4 U C 1 5 0 UC109 MX El Grullo Mexico UC133 MX El Grullo Mexico UC45 MX El Grullo UC107 Valdivia Roja UC262 Valdivia Roja San Diego San Diego U C 2 1 4 UC178 Valdivia Roja San Diego San Diego U C 2 1 5 UC199 UC20 Valdivia Valdivia Roja Roja Florida 0.01 changes 11 8/26/14 UPGMA U194 Bien UC111 UC129 UC130 Hoa Bien Red Hao Bien Hoa Bien Hoa San Red Diego San Diego Red San Diego Red San Diego U C 1 4 8 U C 1 4 9 UC196 UC242 UC276 Bien Hoa Bien Hoa Bien Hoa Red San Red San Red American Beauty American Beauty Bien Diego Diego San UC55 UC56 UC110 Diego Florida Florida Hao Red San Hoa Red San Diego U C 1 5 8 UC195 Bien Diego U C 2 1 0 UC60 Bien Hoa Red San UC61 Bien Hoa UC62 Bien Hoa UC37 American Beauty UC41 Bien Red UC243 Hoa Bien Diego Red San Diego Red San Diego Hoa Florida San Red Diego San Diego U C 1 5 3 U C 1 5 5 UC91 Haleys Comet H. guatemalensis Florida U C 1 0 1 U C 1 0 5 U C 1 0 6 UC139 Colombiana Yellow Dragon U C 1 4 3 U C 1 4 4 U C 1 4 5 UC182 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC183 Seoul Kitchen Florida U C 2 1 2 U C 2 1 3 U C 2 1 7 UC5 Seoul Kitchen UC7 Seoul Kitchen UC82 Seoul Florida Florida Kitchen Florida U C 1 6 0 U C 1 6 1 U C 2 0 7 U C 2 0 8 UC83 Seoul UC84 Kitchen Seoul Seoul Kitchen Seoul Kitchen UC266 UC267 UC6 UC15 Florida Florida Kitchen Kitchen Kitchen Florida Florida Florida Vietnamese Giant Vietnamese UC16 Giant Vietnamese UC116 UC93 Florida Seoul Seoul Seoul UC115 Florida Kitchen UC96 UC97 Florida Florida Giant Vietnamese Florida Giant Vietnamese Giant Florida Florida U C 1 5 3 UC180 Mexicana Nicaragua UC181 Mexicana Nicaragua UC203 Mexican UC204 Nicaragua Mexican Nicaragua UC52 Mexicana Nicaragua UC53 Mexicana Nicaragua UC54 Mexicana Nicaragua UC72 Mexicana Nicaragua UC73 Mexicana Nicaragua UC74 Mexicana UC94 Vietnamese UC205 Nicaragua Mexicana H UC113 UC114 UC134 UC136 UC175 UC178 UC179 UC18 Delight UC258 Florida Florida Florida Delight Florida Haleys Comet Haleys Florida Comet Haleys Florida Comet Comet Delight Florida Florida Florida Comet Haleys Florida Comet Haleys Delight UC259 Diego Nicaragua Florida Delight Delight Haleys UC197 UC198 UC21 UC257 San Kitchen Haleys UC184 UC19 Nicaragua Undatus Mexicana Seoul Florida Nicaragua Mexicana UC44 UC99 UC179 UC191 Florida Comet Florida Florida Haleys Comet Haleys Florida Comet Haleys Florida Comet UC38 Delight Florida UC39 Delight Florida Florida UC22 Delight Nicaragua UC237 Delight Florida Hybrids U C 1 5 1 U C 1 5 2 UC230 Physical Graffiti Florida UC231 Physical Graffiti Florida UC50 Physical Graffiti Florida UC51 Physical Graffiti Florida UC81 H. undatas Nicaragua Giant Mexican UC264 Haleys Comet Florida UC86 Physical Graffiti Florida UC87 Physical Graffiti Florida UC49 Physical Graffiti Florida U C 1 5 7 UC165 Physical UC166 Graffiti Physical UC167 Graffiti Physical UC17 Graffiti Haleys Comet Florida UC85 Physical Graffiti Florida UC239 Delight Florida UC92 Physical Graffiti Florida UC254 Physical UC108 Sin UC200 UC34 Espinas San Nicaragua Espinas Espinas Espinas Sin UC222 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Espinas Sin UC137 Nicaragua Espinas Nicaragua Colombiana UC138 UC71 Nicaragua Espinas Sin Sin Sin UC132 Florida Nicaragua Ignacio Sin UC57 UC58 UC59 Graggiti Yellow Colombiana Dragon Yellow Colombiana Yellow Dragon Hylocereus sp. Dragon U C 2 0 6 UC70 Colombiana UC95 Yellow UC275 Colombiana Colobiana UC42 Dragon Dragon Dragon Yellow Dragon Yellow Yellow Colombiana UC43 Dragon Dragon Colombia Colobiana UC235 Colombia Colombiana UC236 Dragon Yellow Yellow Yellow Colombiana UC65 UC69 Dragon Yellow Colombiana Colombiana Colombiana UC64 Florida Colombiana UC251 UC253 UC63 Yellow Dragon Colombiana Yellow Dragon Yellow Dragon UC256 Physical Graffiti Florida UC10 Rosa UC78 Nicaragua San UC9 Ignacio Rosa UC8 UC2 Nicaragua Rosa Nicaragua Rosa San Nicaragua Nicaragua Rosa UC162 UC164 Nicaragua Ignacio Nicaragua UC244 San Ignacio Nicaragua UC201 San Ignacio Nicaragua UC11 Cebra UC12 Nicaragua Cebra UC13 Cebra UC27 Cebra UC124 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Lisa UC125 Nicaragua Lisa UC140 Nicaragua Oregona UC171 Lisa UC172 UC221 Nicaragua Lisa Nicaragua Lisa Nicaragua Cebra UC234 Rosa UC246 Cebra UC248 Lisa UC249 Nicaragua Nicaragua Lisa UC189 UC190 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Lisa Nicaragua UC29 Rosa Nicaragua UC30 Orejona Nicaragua UC67 Lisa Nicaragua UC68 Lisa Nicaragua UC88 Rosa UC89 Rosa UC90 Rosa UC163 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Rosa UC168 Nicaragua Cebra UC170 Nicaragua Cebra UC220 Nicaragua Cebra UC232 Nicaragua Rosa UC233 Nicaragua Rosa UC241 Nicaragua Rosa Nicaragua UC169 Cebra UC173 Lisa UC240 Nicaragua Nicargua Rosa UC118 Nicaragua Orejona Nicaragua UC46 Orejona Nicaragua UC48 Orejona Nicaragua UC119 Orejona Nicaragua UC76 Armando Nicaragua UC77 Armando Nicaragua UC126 Armando UC127 Nicaragua Armando UC128 Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua UC25 Armando Nicaragua UC75 Armando Nicaragua UC224 Armando Nicaragua UC26 Armando Nicaragua UC98 Armando Nicaragua UC272 Armando UC273 Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua UC174 San Ignacio UC202 San Ignacio UC35 San Nicargua Nicaragua Ignacio UC80 San Ignacio UC36 San Ignacio Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 4 6 UC247 Cebra UC274 Armando Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 4 1 U C 1 4 2 UC269 Orejona Nicaragua UC270 Orejona Nicaragua UC47 Orejona UC66 Lisa Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 0 2 UC219 Cebra UC120 Nicaragua Cebra UC123 Nicaragua Lisa Nicaragua U C 1 4 7 UC187 Orejona Nicaragua UC229 Physical Graffiti Florida U C 1 0 3 U C 1 0 4 U C 1 5 0 UC109 MX El Grullo Mexico UC133 MX El Grullo Mexico UC45 MX El Grullo UC107 UC262 Valdivia Roja Valdivia Roja San Diego San Diego U C 2 1 4 UC178 Valdivia Roja San Diego San Diego U C 2 1 5 UC199 Valdivia UC20 Valdivia U194 Bien Roja Roja Florida 0.01 changes UPGMA UC111 UC129 UC130 Hoa Bien Red Hao Bien Hoa Bien Hoa San Red Diego San Diego Red San Diego Red San Diego Red San U C 1 4 8 U C 1 4 9 UC196 UC242 UC276 Bien Hoa Bien Hoa Bien Hoa Red San Red San UC55 American Beauty UC56 American Beauty UC110 Bien Diego Diego Diego Florida Florida Hao Red San Hoa Red San Diego U C 1 5 8 UC195 Bien Diego U C 2 1 0 UC60 Bien Hoa Red San Diego UC61 Bien Hoa Red San Diego UC62 Bien Hoa Red San Diego UC37 American Beauty UC41 Bien Red UC243 Hoa Bien Hoa Florida San Red Diego San Diego U C 1 5 3 U C 1 5 5 UC91 Haleys Comet H. guatemalensis Florida U C 1 0 1 U C 1 0 5 U C 1 0 6 UC139 Colombiana Yellow Dragon U C 1 4 3 U C 1 4 4 U C 1 4 5 UC182 UC183 Seoul Kitchen Seoul Florida Kitchen Florida U C 2 1 2 U C 2 1 3 U C 2 1 7 UC5 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC7 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC82 Seoul Kitchen Florida U C 1 6 0 U C 1 6 1 U C 2 0 7 U C 2 0 8 UC83 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC84 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC96 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC97 Seoul UC266 UC267 UC6 Kitchen Florida Seoul Kitchen Seoul Kitchen Seoul UC115 Kitchen Florida Florida Florida Vietnamese Giant Florida UC15 Vietnamese Giant Florida UC16 Vietnamese Giant Florida UC116 UC93 Vietnamese Giant Vietnamese Giant Florida Florida U C 1 5 3 UC180 Mexicana UC181 Nicaragua Mexicana UC203 Nicaragua Mexican UC204 UC52 UC53 Nicaragua Mexican Nicaragua Mexicana Nicaragua Mexicana Nicaragua UC54 Mexicana Nicaragua UC72 Mexicana Nicaragua UC73 Mexicana UC74 Mexicana UC94 Vietnamese UC205 San Delight Florida Delight Florida UC134 UC136 UC175 UC179 UC18 UC184 UC19 UC197 UC198 UC21 UC257 Diego Nicaragua Kitchen UC113 UC114 UC178 Florida Nicaragua Nicaragua Undatus Mexicana Seoul Delight Florida Florida Delight Florida Haleys Comet Haleys Florida Comet Haleys Florida Comet Haleys Comet Delight Florida Florida Florida Haleys Comet Haleys Haleys Delight Florida Comet Florida Comet Florida Florida Haleys Comet UC258 Haleys Comet UC259 Haleys Comet UC38 Delight Florida UC39 Delight Florida Florida Florida Florida UC22 Delight Nicaragua UC237 Delight Florida Hybrids U C 1 5 1 U C 1 5 2 UC230 Physical Graffiti Florida UC231 Physical Graffiti Florida UC50 Physical Graffiti Florida UC51 Physical Graffiti Florida UC81 H. undatas Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Mexicana Mexicana H UC179 UC191 Giant Mexican UC264 UC44 UC99 Haleys Comet Florida UC86 Physical Graffiti Florida UC87 Physical Graffiti Florida UC49 Physical Graffiti Florida U C 1 5 7 UC165 UC166 UC167 UC17 Physical Graffiti Physical Graffiti Physical Graffiti Haleys Comet Florida UC85 Physical Graffiti Florida UC239 Delight Florida UC92 Physical Graffiti Florida UC254 Physical UC108 Sin UC200 UC34 UC57 UC58 UC59 Graggiti Florida Nicaragua Ignacio Espinas Nicaragua Nicaragua Espinas Espinas Espinas Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Sin Espinas Sin Espinas Colombiana UC138 UC71 Espinas San Sin Sin Sin Sin UC132 UC222 UC137 Nicaragua Nicaragua Yellow Colombiana Dragon Yellow Colombiana Dragon Yellow Dragon Yellow Dragon U C 2 0 6 UC70 UC95 Colombiana Yellow UC275 UC63 Dragon Florida Colombiana UC251 Yellow Colombiana UC253 Dragon Yellow Colombiana Dragon Yellow Colombiana Yellow Dragon Dragon UC64 Colombiana Yellow Dragon UC65 Colombiana Yellow Dragon UC69 UC42 UC43 Colobiana Yellow Colombiana Colombia Colombiana UC236 Dragon Colombia Colobiana UC235 Colombiana Yellow Dragon Yellow Dragon Hylocereus sp. H. megalanthus UC256 Physical Graffiti Florida UC10 UC78 UC9 UC8 Rosa San UC201 Nicaragua Nicaragua Rosa San UC244 UC11 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Rosa UC164 UC2 Ignacio Rosa Rosa UC162 Nicaragua Ignacio Nicaragua San Ignacio Nicaragua San Ignacio Nicaragua Cebra Nicaragua UC12 Cebra Nicaragua UC13 Cebra Nicaragua UC27 Cebra UC124 Nicaragua Lisa UC125 Nicaragua Lisa UC140 Nicaragua Oregona UC171 Lisa UC172 Nicaragua Lisa UC190 Nicaragua Lisa UC221 Nicaragua Cebra UC234 Nicaragua Rosa UC246 Nicaragua Cebra UC248 Nicaragua Lisa UC249 Nicaragua Nicaragua Lisa UC189 Nicaragua Lisa Nicaragua UC29 Rosa Nicaragua UC30 Orejona Nicaragua UC67 Lisa Nicaragua UC68 Lisa Nicaragua UC88 Rosa UC89 Rosa UC90 Rosa UC163 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Rosa UC168 Nicaragua Cebra UC170 Nicaragua Cebra UC220 Nicaragua Cebra UC232 Nicaragua Rosa UC233 Nicaragua Rosa UC241 Nicaragua Rosa Nicaragua UC169 Cebra UC173 Lisa UC240 Nicaragua Nicargua Rosa UC118 Nicaragua Orejona Nicaragua UC46 Orejona Nicaragua UC48 Orejona Nicaragua UC119 Orejona Nicaragua UC76 Armando Nicaragua UC77 Armando Nicaragua UC126 Armando UC127 UC25 UC75 Nicaragua Armando UC128 Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua Armando UC224 Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua UC26 Armando Nicaragua UC98 Armando Nicaragua UC272 Armando UC273 Nicaragua Armando UC174 San UC202 Nicaragua Ignacio San Nicargua Ignacio UC35 San Ignacio UC80 San Ignacio UC36 San Ignacio Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 4 6 UC247 Cebra UC274 Armando Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 4 1 U C 1 4 2 UC269 Orejona UC270 Nicaragua Orejona UC47 Orejona UC66 Lisa Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 0 2 UC219 Cebra UC120 Nicaragua Cebra UC123 Lisa Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 4 7 UC187 Orejona Nicaragua UC229 Physical Graffiti Florida U C 1 0 3 U C 1 0 4 U C 1 5 0 UC109 MX El Grullo Mexico UC133 MX El Grullo Mexico UC45 MX El Grullo UC107 Valdivia Roja UC262 Valdivia Roja San Diego San Diego U C 2 1 4 UC178 Valdivia Roja San Diego San Diego U C 2 1 5 UC199 UC20 Valdivia Valdivia Roja Roja Florida 0.01 changes 12 8/26/14 UPGMA U194 Bien UC111 UC129 UC130 Hoa Bien Red Hao Bien Hoa Bien Hoa San Red Diego San Diego Red San Diego Red San Diego U C 1 4 8 U C 1 4 9 UC196 UC242 UC276 Bien Hoa Bien Hoa Bien Hoa Red San Red San Red American Beauty American Beauty Bien Diego Diego San UC55 UC56 UC110 Diego Florida Florida Hao Red San Hoa Red San Diego U C 1 5 8 UC195 Bien Diego U C 2 1 0 UC60 Bien Hoa Red San UC61 Bien Hoa UC62 Bien Hoa UC37 American Beauty UC41 Bien Red UC243 Hoa Bien Diego Red San Diego Red San Diego Hoa Florida San Red Diego San Diego U C 1 5 3 U C 1 5 5 UC91 Haleys Comet H. guatemalensis Florida U C 1 0 1 U C 1 0 5 U C 1 0 6 UC139 Colombiana Yellow Dragon U C 1 4 3 U C 1 4 4 U C 1 4 5 UC182 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC183 Seoul Kitchen Florida U C 2 1 2 U C 2 1 3 U C 2 1 7 UC5 Seoul Kitchen UC7 Seoul Kitchen UC82 Seoul Florida Florida Kitchen Florida U C 1 6 0 U C 1 6 1 U C 2 0 7 U C 2 0 8 UC83 Seoul UC84 Kitchen Seoul Seoul Kitchen Seoul Kitchen UC266 UC267 UC6 UC15 Florida Florida Kitchen Kitchen Kitchen Florida Florida Florida Vietnamese Giant Vietnamese UC16 Giant Vietnamese UC116 UC93 Florida Seoul Seoul Seoul UC115 Florida Kitchen UC96 UC97 Florida Florida Giant Vietnamese Florida Giant Vietnamese Giant Florida Florida U C 1 5 3 UC180 Mexicana Nicaragua UC181 Mexicana Nicaragua UC203 Mexican UC204 Nicaragua Mexican Nicaragua UC52 Mexicana Nicaragua UC53 Mexicana Nicaragua UC54 Mexicana Nicaragua UC72 Mexicana Nicaragua UC73 Mexicana Nicaragua UC74 Mexicana UC94 Vietnamese UC205 Nicaragua Mexicana H UC113 UC114 UC134 UC136 UC175 UC178 UC179 UC18 Delight UC258 Florida Florida Florida Delight Florida Haleys Comet Haleys Florida Comet Haleys Florida Comet Comet Delight Florida Florida Florida Comet Haleys Florida Comet Haleys Delight UC259 Diego Nicaragua Florida Delight Delight Haleys UC197 UC198 UC21 UC257 San Kitchen Haleys UC184 UC19 Nicaragua Undatus Mexicana Seoul Florida Nicaragua Mexicana UC44 UC99 UC179 UC191 Florida Comet Florida Florida Haleys Comet Haleys Florida Comet Haleys Florida Comet UC38 Delight Florida UC39 Delight Florida Florida UC22 Delight Nicaragua UC237 Delight Florida Hybrids U C 1 5 1 U C 1 5 2 UC230 Physical Graffiti Florida UC231 Physical Graffiti Florida UC50 Physical Graffiti Florida UC51 Physical Graffiti Florida UC81 H. undatas Nicaragua Giant Mexican UC264 Haleys Comet Florida UC86 Physical Graffiti Florida UC87 Physical Graffiti Florida UC49 Physical Graffiti Florida U C 1 5 7 UC165 Physical UC166 Graffiti Physical UC167 Graffiti Physical UC17 Graffiti Haleys Comet Florida UC85 Physical Graffiti Florida UC239 Delight Florida UC92 Physical Graffiti Florida UC254 Physical UC108 Sin UC200 UC34 Espinas San Nicaragua Espinas Espinas Espinas Sin UC222 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Espinas Sin UC137 Nicaragua Espinas Nicaragua Colombiana UC138 UC71 Nicaragua Espinas Sin Sin Sin UC132 Florida Nicaragua Ignacio Sin UC57 UC58 UC59 Graggiti Yellow Colombiana Dragon Yellow Colombiana Yellow Dragon Dragon U C 2 0 6 UC70 Colombiana UC95 Yellow UC275 Colombiana Colobiana UC42 Dragon Dragon Dragon Yellow Dragon Yellow Yellow Colombiana UC43 Dragon Dragon Colombia Colobiana UC235 Colombia Colombiana UC236 Dragon Yellow Yellow Yellow Colombiana UC65 UC69 Dragon Yellow Colombiana Colombiana Colombiana UC64 Florida Colombiana UC251 UC253 UC63 Yellow Dragon Colombiana Yellow Dragon Yellow Dragon Hylocereus sp. H. megalanthus UC256 Physical Graffiti Florida UC10 Rosa UC78 Nicaragua San UC9 Ignacio Rosa UC8 UC2 Nicaragua Rosa Nicaragua Rosa San Nicaragua Nicaragua Rosa UC162 UC164 Nicaragua Ignacio Nicaragua UC244 San Ignacio Nicaragua UC201 San Ignacio Nicaragua UC11 Cebra UC12 Nicaragua Cebra UC13 Cebra UC27 Cebra UC124 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Lisa UC125 Nicaragua Lisa UC140 Nicaragua Oregona UC171 Lisa UC172 UC221 Nicaragua Lisa Nicaragua Lisa Nicaragua Cebra UC234 Rosa UC246 Cebra UC248 Lisa UC249 Nicaragua Nicaragua Lisa UC189 UC190 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Lisa Nicaragua UC29 Rosa Nicaragua UC30 Orejona Nicaragua UC67 Lisa Nicaragua UC68 Lisa Nicaragua UC88 Rosa UC89 Rosa UC90 Rosa UC163 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Rosa UC168 Nicaragua Cebra UC170 Nicaragua Cebra UC220 Nicaragua Cebra UC232 Nicaragua Rosa UC233 Nicaragua Rosa UC241 Nicaragua Rosa Nicaragua UC169 Cebra UC173 Lisa UC240 UC118 Nicaragua Orejona Nicaragua UC46 Orejona Nicaragua UC48 Orejona Nicaragua UC119 Orejona Nicaragua UC76 Armando Nicaragua UC77 Armando Nicaragua UC126 Armando UC127 Nicaragua Armando UC128 Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua UC25 Armando Nicaragua UC75 Armando Nicaragua UC224 Armando Nicaragua UC26 Armando Nicaragua UC98 Armando Nicaragua UC272 UC273 H. polyrhizus Nicaragua Nicargua Rosa Armando Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua UC174 San Ignacio Nicargua UC202 San Ignacio Nicaragua UC35 San Ignacio UC80 San Ignacio UC36 San Ignacio Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 4 6 UC247 Cebra UC274 Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua U C 1 4 1 U C 1 4 2 UC269 Orejona UC270 Nicaragua Orejona UC47 Orejona UC66 Lisa Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 0 2 UC219 Cebra UC120 Nicaragua Cebra UC123 Nicaragua Lisa Nicaragua U C 1 4 7 UC187 Orejona Nicaragua UC229 Physical Graffiti Florida U C 1 0 3 U C 1 0 4 U C 1 5 0 UC109 MX El Grullo Mexico UC133 MX El Grullo Mexico UC45 MX El Grullo UC107 Valdivia Roja UC262 Valdivia Roja San Diego San Diego U C 2 1 4 UC178 Valdivia Roja San Diego San Diego U C 2 1 5 UC199 Valdivia UC20 Valdivia U194 Bien Roja Roja Florida 0.01 changes UPGMA UC111 UC129 UC130 Hoa Bien Red Hao Bien Hoa Bien Hoa San Red Diego San Diego Red San Diego Red San Diego Red San U C 1 4 8 U C 1 4 9 UC196 UC242 UC276 Bien Hoa Bien Hoa Bien Hoa Red San Red San UC55 American Beauty UC56 American Beauty UC110 Bien Diego Diego Diego Florida Florida Hao Red San Hoa Red San Diego U C 1 5 8 UC195 Bien Diego U C 2 1 0 UC60 Bien Hoa Red San Diego UC61 Bien Hoa Red San Diego UC62 Bien Hoa Red San Diego UC37 American Beauty UC41 Bien Red UC243 Hoa Bien Hoa Florida San Red Diego San Diego U C 1 5 3 U C 1 5 5 UC91 Haleys Comet H. guatemalensis Florida U C 1 0 1 U C 1 0 5 U C 1 0 6 UC139 Colombiana Yellow Dragon U C 1 4 3 U C 1 4 4 U C 1 4 5 UC182 UC183 Seoul Kitchen Seoul Florida Kitchen Florida U C 2 1 2 U C 2 1 3 U C 2 1 7 UC5 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC7 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC82 Seoul Kitchen Florida U C 1 6 0 U C 1 6 1 U C 2 0 7 U C 2 0 8 UC83 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC84 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC96 Seoul Kitchen Florida UC97 Seoul UC266 UC267 UC6 Kitchen Florida Seoul Kitchen Seoul Kitchen Seoul UC115 Kitchen Florida Florida Florida Vietnamese Giant Florida UC15 Vietnamese Giant Florida UC16 Vietnamese Giant Florida UC116 UC93 Vietnamese Giant Vietnamese Giant Florida Florida U C 1 5 3 UC180 Mexicana UC181 Nicaragua Mexicana UC203 Nicaragua Mexican UC204 UC52 UC53 Nicaragua Mexican Nicaragua Mexicana Nicaragua Mexicana Nicaragua UC54 Mexicana Nicaragua UC72 Mexicana Nicaragua UC73 Mexicana UC74 Mexicana UC94 Vietnamese UC205 San Delight Florida Delight Florida UC134 UC136 UC175 UC179 UC18 UC184 UC19 UC197 UC198 UC21 UC257 Diego Nicaragua Kitchen UC113 UC114 UC178 Florida Nicaragua Nicaragua Undatus Mexicana Seoul Delight Florida Florida Delight Florida Haleys Comet Haleys Florida Comet Haleys Florida Comet Haleys Comet Delight Florida Florida Florida Haleys Comet Haleys Haleys Delight Florida Comet Florida Comet Florida Florida Haleys Comet UC258 Haleys Comet UC259 Haleys Comet UC38 Delight Florida UC39 Delight Florida Florida Florida Florida UC22 Delight Nicaragua UC237 Delight Florida Hybrids U C 1 5 1 U C 1 5 2 UC230 Physical Graffiti Florida UC231 Physical Graffiti Florida UC50 Physical Graffiti Florida UC51 Physical Graffiti Florida UC81 H. undatas Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Mexicana Mexicana H UC179 UC191 Giant Mexican UC264 UC44 UC99 Haleys Comet Florida UC86 Physical Graffiti Florida UC87 Physical Graffiti Florida UC49 Physical Graffiti Florida U C 1 5 7 UC165 UC166 UC167 UC17 Physical Graffiti Physical Graffiti Physical Graffiti Haleys Comet Florida UC85 Physical Graffiti Florida UC239 Delight Florida UC92 Physical Graffiti Florida UC254 Physical UC108 Sin UC200 UC34 UC57 UC58 UC59 Graggiti Florida Nicaragua Ignacio Espinas Nicaragua Nicaragua Espinas Espinas Espinas Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Sin Espinas Sin Espinas Colombiana UC138 UC71 Espinas San Sin Sin Sin Sin UC132 UC222 UC137 Nicaragua Nicaragua Yellow Colombiana Dragon Yellow Colombiana Dragon Yellow Dragon Yellow Dragon U C 2 0 6 UC70 UC95 Colombiana Yellow UC275 UC63 Dragon Florida Colombiana UC251 Yellow Colombiana UC253 Dragon Yellow Colombiana Dragon Yellow Colombiana Yellow Dragon Dragon UC64 Colombiana Yellow Dragon UC65 Colombiana Yellow Dragon UC69 UC42 UC43 Colobiana Yellow Colombiana Colombia Colombiana UC236 Dragon Colombia Colobiana UC235 Colombiana Yellow Dragon Yellow Dragon Hylocereus sp. H. megalanthus UC256 Physical Graffiti Florida UC10 UC78 UC9 UC8 Rosa San UC201 Nicaragua Nicaragua Rosa San UC244 UC11 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Rosa UC164 UC2 Ignacio Rosa Rosa UC162 Nicaragua Ignacio Nicaragua San Ignacio Nicaragua San Ignacio Nicaragua Cebra Nicaragua UC12 Cebra Nicaragua UC13 Cebra Nicaragua UC27 Cebra UC124 Nicaragua Lisa UC125 Nicaragua Lisa UC140 Nicaragua Oregona UC171 Lisa UC172 Nicaragua Lisa UC190 Nicaragua Lisa UC221 Nicaragua Cebra UC234 Nicaragua Rosa UC246 Nicaragua Cebra UC248 Nicaragua Lisa UC249 Nicaragua Nicaragua Lisa UC189 Nicaragua Lisa Nicaragua UC29 Rosa Nicaragua UC30 Orejona Nicaragua UC67 Lisa Nicaragua UC68 Lisa Nicaragua UC88 Rosa UC89 Rosa UC90 Rosa UC163 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Rosa UC168 Nicaragua Cebra UC170 Nicaragua Cebra UC220 Nicaragua Cebra UC232 Nicaragua Rosa UC233 Nicaragua Rosa UC241 Nicaragua Rosa Nicaragua UC169 Cebra UC173 Lisa UC240 Nicaragua Nicargua Rosa UC118 Nicaragua Orejona Nicaragua UC46 Orejona Nicaragua UC48 Orejona Nicaragua UC119 Orejona Nicaragua UC76 Armando Nicaragua UC77 Armando Nicaragua UC126 Armando UC127 UC25 UC75 Nicaragua Armando UC128 Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua UC98 Armando Nicaragua UC272 UC273 UC174 Armando Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua San UC202 Ignacio San H. polyrhizus Nicaragua Armando Armando Armando UC224 UC26 Nicargua Ignacio UC35 San Ignacio UC80 San Ignacio UC36 San Ignacio Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 4 6 UC247 Cebra UC274 Nicaragua Armando Nicaragua U C 1 4 1 U C 1 4 2 UC269 Orejona UC270 Nicaragua Orejona UC47 Orejona UC66 Lisa Nicaragua Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 0 2 UC219 Cebra UC120 Nicaragua Cebra UC123 Lisa Nicaragua Nicaragua U C 1 4 7 UC187 Orejona Nicaragua UC229 Physical Graffiti Florida U C 1 0 3 U C 1 0 4 U C 1 5 0 UC109 MX El Grullo Mexico UC133 MX El Grullo Mexico UC45 MX El Grullo UC107 Valdivia Roja UC262 Valdivia Roja San Diego San Diego U C 2 1 4 UC178 Valdivia Roja San Diego San Diego H. ocamponis U C 2 1 5 UC199 UC20 Valdivia Valdivia Roja Roja Florida 0.01 changes 13 8/26/14 American Beauty Bien Hoa Red Lisa Rosa Oregona Cebra 14 8/26/14 DNA'Work'Results! • Seoul!Kitchen,!Vietnamese!Giant,!Bien!Hoa!White!and! Mexicana!>!!White!fleshed!varie3es,!closely!related>grouped! as!Hylocereus*undatus* • Bien!Hoa!Red!and!American!Beauty!–!iden3cal,!grouped!as! Hylocereus*guatemalensis*species!from!Guatemala! • Delight,!Haley s!Comet!and!Physical!Graffi3!>!very!closely! related!hybrids! • Yellow!Dragon!and!Colombiana!–!iden3cal,!grouped!as!!! Hylocereus*megalanthus*!from!Northern!South!America! DNA'Work'Results,'Cont d.! • All!red>fleshed!accessions!origina3ng!from!Nicaragua!are! very!closely!related.!However,!two!clusters!were!found!with! Lisa,!Rosa!and!Cebra!in!one!cluster!and!Armando!and!San! Ignacio!in!another.!These!accessions!could!be!grouped!under! Hylocereus*costaricensis*or*Hylocereus*polyrhizus.** • Sin!Espinas,!originally!from!Nicaragua!is!the!only!thornless! variety!and!appears!to!be!different!from!other!Nicaraguan! accessions!(puta3vely!undescribed!Hylocereus*sp.)! • Valdivia!Roja,!El!Grullo!and!other!similarly!looking!accessions! from!Mexico!are!very!closely!related!and!could!be!grouped! as!Hylocereus*ocamponis.* 15 8/26/14 DNA'Work'Results,'Cont d.! • DNA!Analysis!confirmed!suspicions!about! duplica3on!of!entries!among!named!varie3es!based! on!field!observa3ons!and!data!collected!from!our! field!trials! • With!the!excep3on!of!Sin!Espinas,!all!accessions! cluster!based!on!geographic!origin!and!match!the! descrip3ons!of!species!iden3fied!in!those!regions! • More!work!needed!to!iden3fy!specific!markers!for! each!of!the!species!reported/iden3fied!in!order!to! classify!all!accessions!properly! 16