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1987 1985 1983 1981 1979 1977 1975 1973 1971 1969 1967 1965 1963 1961 0 *U»ILFR SUPERFICIE QUEMADA (1961-2000) 500.000 400.000 300.000 200.000 100.000 1987 1985 1983 1981 1979 1977 1975 1973 1971 1969 1967 1965 1963 0 1961 Superficie (ha) 600.000 ,1&(1',26)25(67$/(6(1(/(67$'2(63$«2/&$86$6<35(9(1&,­1 (OJU»ILFRPXHVWUDXQFODURDVFHQVRHQHOQÔPHURDQXDOGHLQFHQGLRVHVSHFLDOPHQWHDSDUWLU GHILQDOHVGHODGÃFDGDGHORVDËRVVHWHQWDOOHJ»QGRVHDVXSHUDUORVLQFHQGLRVDQXDOHV HQ ORV ÔOWLPRV DËRV (V LPSRUWDQWH WHQHU HQ FXHQWD TXH QR VLHPSUH XQ QÔPHUR HOHYDGR GH LQFHQGLRV HV VLQÍQLPR GH JUDQGHV VXSHUILFLHV TXHPDGDV 3RU HMHPSOR HQ FRQ LQFHQGLRVGHFODUDGRVDUGLHURQKHFW»UHDVPLHQWUDVTXHHQFRQLQFHQGLRVVH TXHPÍXQDVXSHUILFLHGHKHFW»UHDV 3RURWURODGRHOJU»ILFRGHQRWDXQDIXHUWHLUUHJXODULGDGDQXDOHQODH[WHQVLÍQGHORVIXHJRV +D\SHUÇRGRVHQORVTXHVHVXSHUDQODVKDTXHPDGDVDQXDOHVHLQFOXVRODV KD FRPR HQ ORV SHULRGRV \ PLHQWUDV TXH KD\ RWURVHQORVTXHODVXSHUILFLHDQXDOTXHPDGDQRVXSHUDODVKDFRPRHOSHUÇRGR RP»VUHFLHQWHPHQWHHQXQDËRDQRUPDOPHQWHOOXYLRVR $ 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GH ORV LQFHQGLRVODJUDQVLPLOLWXGHQODHYROXFLÍQGHODVXSHUILFLHDIHFWDGD(QHOJU»ILFRYHPRVFRPR DPEDVGÃFDGDVFRPLHQ]DQFRQXQSLFRUHODWLYRSUÍ[LPRDODVKDTXHPDGDVVHJXLGRGH XQGHVFHQVR\GHXQSLFRP»[LPRTXHVXSHUDODVKDHQORVDËRV\SDUDYROYHUD GHVFHQGHU /D GLIHUHQFLD P»V OODPDWLYD VH HQFXHQWUD DO ILQDO GH FDGD GÃFDGD OD GH ORV RFKHQWD WHUPLQD HQ XQ VHJXQGR P»[LPR SRU HQFLPD GH ODV KD PLHQWUDV TXH HQ ORV QRYHQWD GHVFLHQGH KDVWD ODV KD TXHPDGDV 7DPELÃQ HV LPSRUWDQWH VHËDODU TXH ORV YDORUHV GH VXSHUILFLHTXHPDGDGHODGÃFDGDGHORVQRYHQWDVHHQFXHQWUDQVLHPSUHSRUGHEDMRGHORVGHOD GÃFDGDGHORVRFKHQWD ,1&(1',26)25(67$/(6(1(/(67$'2(63$«2/&$86$6<35(9(1&,­1 *U»ILFR SUPERFICIE FORESTAL TOTAL QUEMADA 700.000 Superficie (ha) 600.000 500.000 400.000 300.000 200.000 100.000 0 80/90 81/91 82/92 83/93 84/94 85/95 PERIODO 90/00 86/96 87/97 88/98 89/99 2000 PERIODO 80/89 (VWDV GLIHUHQFLDV KDFHQ TXH OD PHGLD GH VXSHUILFLH TXHPDGD HQ HVWRV ÔOWLPRV GLH] DËRV KD\D GHVFHQGLGRFRQUHVSHFWRDORVGLH]DËRVDQWHULRUHVKDDËRHQHOSHUÇRGR 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PDWRUUDO \ PRQWH EDMR ODV P»V DIHFWDGDV SRU ORV LQFHQGLRV \D TXH VXSRQHQHOGHODVXSHUILFLHQRDUERODGDTXHPDGD\HOGHODVXSHUILFLHWRWDOLQFHQGLDGD /DLPSRUWDQFLDHVWDPELÃQHOHYDGDHQODV]RQDVDUERODGDVVXSRQLHQGRHOGHODVXSHUILFLH IRUHVWDOWRWDODIHFWDGD 'HQWURGHODFDWHJRUÇDGHPRQWHQRDUERODGRVHLQFOX\HQODVGHKHVDV\PRQWHDELHUWRHOPDWRUUDO \PRQWHEDMRORVSDVWRV\ODV]RQDVKÔPHGDVÃVWDVÔOWLPDVQRLQFOXLGDVHQHOFXDGURSRUVX HVFDVDUHSUHVHQWDWLYLGDGHQHOWRWDOGHODVXSHUILFLHQRDUERODGDDIHFWDGD ,1&(1',26)25(67$/(6(1(/(67$'2(63$«2/&$86$6<35(9(1&,­1 &XDGUR'LVWULEXFLÍQGHLQFHQGLRVIRUHVWDOHVVHJÔQIRUPDFLRQHVYHJHWDOHV 3HULRGR Año Dehesas y M. abierto (ha) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 1.353 482 941 1.392 4.168 Monte no arbolado Matorral y M. Pastos bajo (ha) (ha) 41.751 72.548 82.097 51.633 248.029 Total no arbolado (ha) Total M. arbolado2 (ha) Sup.Total (ha) 48.649 77.177 89.660 57.746 102.541 375.773 10.282 21.326 42.410 23.933 44.260 142.211 58.931 98.503 132.070 81.680 146.801 517.985 5.545 4.131 6.192 4.231 20.099 (QHOFXDGURVHDQDOL]DFRQP»VGHWDOOHODVHVSHFLHVDUEÍUHDVP»VDIHFWDGDVSRUORVLQFHQGLRV HQHOPLVPRSHULRGR(QHVWHFXDGURVHLQFOX\HQODVFLQFRHVSHFLHVWDQWRGHFRQÇIHUDVFRPRGH IURQGRVDVTXHRFXSDQXQDPD\RUVXSHUILFLHTXHPDGDSDUDHOSHULRGRWRGDYÇDQR VHKDQIDFLOLWDGRORVGDWRVGHHVSHFLHVP»VDIHFWDGDVSDUDHODËR 6H SXHGH REVHUYDU TXH HO SLQR QHJUDO 3LQXV SLQDVWHU HV GHVWDFDGDPHQWH OD HVSHFLH TXH P»V VXIUH ORV LQFHQGLRV IRUHVWDOHV VHJXLGR GHO SLQR FDUUDVFR 3LQXV KDOHSHQVLV (Q IURQGRVDV HV HOHYDGD OD LQFLGHQFLD HQ HO UREOH HVSHFLDOPHQWH HQ 4XHUFXV S\UHQDLFD VHJXLGR GHO HXFDOLSWR (XFDO\SWXVJOREXOXV &XDGUR(VSHFLHVDUEÍUHDVP»VDIHFWDGDV3HULRGR AÑO 96 Especie AÑO 97 Especie Pinus pinaster Pinus halepensis Pinus radiata Pinus sylvestris Pinus pinea Otras Total coníferas Eucalyptus sp. Quercus pyrenaica Quercus ilex Quercus robur Castanea sativa Sup. (ha) 2.425 1.251 648 637 194 352 5.507 1.523 1.067 621 415 243 Otras Total frondosas 3.733 Otras 4.472 Total frondosas Pinus pinaster Pinus sylvestris Pinus halepensis Pinus radiata Pinus nigra Otras Total coníferas Quercus pyrenaica Eucalyptus sp. Quercus robur Castanea sativa Quercus suber Sup. (ha) 4.998 1.355 1.130 643 123 378 8.627 3.748 3.398 1.697 1.195 882 AÑO 98 Especie Pinus pinaster Pinus nigra Pinus halepensis Pinus canariensis Pinus sylvestris Otras Total coníferas Eucalyptus sp. Quercus pyrenaica Quercus ilex Quercus robur Castanea sativa 1.742 Otras 12.631 Total frondosas Sup. (ha) 10.943 10.228 3.862 3.613 1.099 1.116 30.861 4.741 3.837 1.125 689 541 AÑO 99 Especie Pinus pinaster Pinus halepensis Pinus sylvestris Pinus pinea Pinus radiata Otras Total coníferas Quercus ilex Quercus pyrenaica Eucalyptus sp. Castanea sativa Quercus robur Sup. (ha) 6.042 5.734 1.431 1.007 543 504 15.261 2.579 2.544 1.213 862 551 996 Otras 11.543 Total frondosas 920 8.669 2(QHO(VWDGRHVSDËROVHFRQRFHQFRPRPRQWHVDUERODGRVDTXHOORVFRQIUDFFLÍQGHFDELGDFXELHUWDVXSHULRUDO ,1&(1',26)25(67$/(6(1(/(67$'2(63$«2/&$86$6<35(9(1&,­1 (Q HO FXDGUR VH UHODFLRQDQ ODV HVSHFLHV DUEÍUHDV P»V DIHFWDGDV FRQ ODV &RPXQLGDGHV $XWÍQRPDVGRQGHVHKDQTXHPDGRODVPD\RUHVVXSHUILFLHV &XDGUR6XSHUILFLHDIHFWDGDSRUHVSHFLHV\&&$$ Especie AÑO 1998 Sup. Superficie quemada por CC.AA. (ha) Total (ha) Galicia: 5.660 Castilla y León: 3.355 Especie P. pinaster 10.943 P. nigra 10.228 Cataluña: 9.989 P. halepensis P. halepensis 3.862 Cataluña: 2.790 P. sylvestris E. globulus 4.741 Q. pyrenaica 3.837 Castilla y León: 2.789 Muy repartido entre: 1.125 Comunidad Valenciana, Aragón, Murcia Q. ilex Galicia: 3.289 Asturias: 888 P. pinaster Quercus ilex Q. pyrenaica Eucalyptus sp. AÑO 1999 Sup. Superficie quemada Total por CC.AA. (ha) (ha) Galicia: 1.492 Andalucía:937 6.042 Extremadura: 957 Asturias:657 Madrid: 332 Com.Valenciana: 4.360 5.734 Cataluña: 259 1.431 Madrid: 70 Cantabria: 172 2.579 Cataluña: 97 Com.Valenciana: 40 2.544 Castilla y León: 1.942 1.213 Galicia: 467 7HQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD OD VXSHUILFLH WRWDO TXH RFXSDQ ODV GLIHUHQWHV HVSHFLHV DUEÍUHDV SRGHPRV FRPSDUDUODVFLIUDVGHODVSULQFLSDOHVHVSHFLHVDIHFWDGDVSRUORVLQFHQGLRVIRUHVWDOHVHQHOSHUÇRGR 6HJÔQ GDWRV GH OD (VWUDWHJLD )RUHVWDO (VSDËROD OD GLVWULEXFLÍQ GH OD VXSHUILFLH IRUHVWDO DUERODGD HQ WRGR HO (VWDGR DWHQGLHQGR D OD FRPSRVLFLÍQ GH ODV PDVDV YHJHWDOHV SUHVHQWD XQD VXSHUILFLH DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH LJXDO HQWUH ODV FRQÇIHUDV \ ODV IURQGRVDV XQ \ XQ UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH /DV HVSHFLHV TXH HQ ODV PDVDV DUERODGDV GH FRQÇIHUDV WLHQHQ XQD PD\RU RFXSDFLÍQVXSHUILFLDOELHQFRPRHVSHFLHVGRPLQDQWHVRFRGRPLQDQWHVVRQ3LQXVSLQDVWHUTXHVH H[WLHQGHSRUXQDVXSHUILFLHDSUR[LPDGDGHKD3LQXVKDOHSHQVLVFRQKD\ 3LQXVV\OYHVWULVFRQKD(QHOFDVRGHODVPDVDVDUERODGDVGHIURQGRVDVODVHVSHFLHV P»V UHSUHVHQWDGDV VRQ 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