conjugation — giving the verb a subject

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Preterite Congugation
In Spanish, infinitives (to + a verb; ex: hablar—to talk) will end in –ar, –er, or –ir.
conjugation — is giving the verb(infinitive) a subject
preterite tense — is used to talk about a completed past event
example: to swim—nadar
I swam—nadé
you swam—nadaste
he swam—nadó
she swam—nadó
it swam—nadó
you swam—nadó
we swam—nadamos
they swam—nadaron
you(all) swam—nadaron
example: to eat—comer
I ate—comí
you ate—comiste
he ate—comió
she ate—comió
it ate—comió
you ate—comió
we ate—comimos
they ate—comieron
you(all) ate—comieron
example: to live—vivir
I lived—viví
you lived—viviste
he lived—vivió
she lived—vivió
it lived—vivió
you lived—vivió
we lived—vivimos
hey lived—vivieron
you(all) lived—vivieron
A) conjugation endings
yo
tú
él, ella, usted
nosotros
ellos, ellas, ustedes
–ar
–er
–ir
-é
-aste
-ó
-amos
-aron
-í
-iste
-ió
-imos
-ieron
-í
-iste
-ió
-imos
-ieron
B) Stem Changing Preterite Verbs—verb conjugation where the stem of the verb changes. The
stem of the verb is what remains when you remove the –ar, –er, or –ir ending from the infinitive
form of the verb. There is NO stem changing for –ar and –er verbs in the preterite.
ei
ou
ex: pedir
ex: dormir
*Note: The stem change only occurs in the el/ella/usted, and the ellos/ellas/ustedes forms.
él, ella, usted
ellos, ellas, ustedes
sentir —to feel
pedir—to ask for
dormir—to sleep
sentí
sentiste
sintió
sentimos
sintieron
pedí
pediste
pidió
pedimos
pidieron
dormí
dormiste
durmió
dormimos
durmieron
C) Irregular Verbs—verbs that do not follow the conjugation pattern…
ser—to be
fui—I was
fuiste—you were
fue—he/she/it was, you were
fuimos—we were
fueron—they were, you were
estar—to be
estuve—I was
estuvo—you were
estuve—he/she/it was, you were
estuvimos—we were
estuvieron—they were, you were
ir—to go
fui—I went
fuiste—you went
fue—he/she/it went, you went
fuimos—we went
fueron—they went, you went
hacer—to do/make
hice—I made
histe—you made
hizo—he/she/it made, you made
hicimos—we made
hicieron—they made, you made
dar—to give
di—I gave
diste—you gave
dio—he/she/it gave, you gave
dimos—we gave
dieron—they gave, you gave
tener—to have
tuve—I had
tuviste—you had
tuvo—he/she/it had, you had
tuvimos—we had
tuvieron—they had, you had
D) Irregular ―yo‖ form—verbs with the ―yo‖ conjugation that do not follow the conjugation pattern
a. verbs ending in –car
ex: buscar, explicar, tocar, practicar
yo
buscar—to look for
busqué
buscaste
buscó
buscamos
buscaron
tocar—to play
toqué
tocaste
tocó
tocamos
tocaron
explicar—to know
expliqué
explicaste
explicó
explicamos
explicaron
b. verbs ending in –zar
ex: organizar, empezar, abrazar, alzar
yo
organizar—to organize
organicé
buscaste
buscó
buscamos
buscaron
empezar—to start
empecé
empezaste
empezó
empezamos
empezaron
abrazar—to hug
abracé
abrazaste
abrazó
abrazamos
abrazaron
c. verbs ending in –gar
ex: jugar, apagar, pagar, llegar
yo
jugar—to play
jugué
jugaste
jugó
jugamos
jugaron
llegar—to arrive
llegué
llegaste
llegó
llegamos
llegaron
pagar—to pay
pagué
pagaste
pagó
pagamos
pagaron
E) –er and –ir verbs ending with a vowel
ex: leer, oir, creer, traer
él, ella, usted
ellos, ellas, ustedes
leer—to read
leí
leiste
leyó
leimos
leyeron
oir—to hear
oí
oiste
oyó
oimos
oyeron
creer—to believe
creí
creiste
creyó
creimos
creyeron
*Note: The change only occurs in the el/ella/usted, and the ellos/ellas/ustedes forms.
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