Gobernabilidad y !"#$%$&#'%()*&+"',-.'( en)/+0,%'()1(.#(2 El papel de las mujeres Ana Cecilia Escalante, M. Sc. FLACSO Secretaría General “Gobernabilidad y Convivencia Democrática en América Latina: El papel de las mujeres” Ana Cecilia Escalante, M. Sc. Flacso Secretaría General Francisco Rojas Aravena Secretario General Juany Guzmán León Coordinadora Académica Regional !"#$%$&'()*+,,&-"./0, Coordinadora de Cooperación Internacional 34"5&,#(5%6%7(7)8)!"#$%$&#'%()*&+"',-.'() &#)/+0,%'()1(.#(2) El papel de las mujeres5 Ana Cecilia Escalante, M. Sc. Diseño, diagramación y producción: !"#$%"&'()*+,-,.)/*0121 2010, FLACSO, 1"/$.,+/2(23+3&4&5",626$,72+&8$*"7.9:7+;& 338.91 E74g Escalante, Ana Cecilia Gobernabilidad y convivencia democrática en América Latina : el papel de las mujeres / Ana Cecilia Escalante. -- 1G. ed. – San José, C.R. : FLACSO, 2010. 23 p. ; 27.5 x 21.5 cm. ISBN 978-9977-68-185-6 1. Gobernabilidad – mujeres – América Latina. 2. Democracia – mujeres – América Latina. I. Título. 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3456"#7)6,/,8)8*9*:57(,("7&,)*+";5&#<'&)*"7*2;=#,&)*>)'7)?* El papel de las mujeres”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K+4*#*! *6&! +.K()+*! >!! 2#H(#9+&!1&+!$2+&!=#*)$1+(=+=!=#!6K6231&)=+=#*V!K#2*6&+*!51>6!=#*+226((6!*#!;#!().)3+=6! ! 3456"#7)6,/,8)8*9*:57(,("7&,)*+";5&#<'&)*"7*2;=#,&)*>)'7)?* El papel de las mujeres” FLACSO =#<)=6!+(!$C&#260!+!(+!)=#&3)=+=!=#!$21K60!(+!2)L1#/+!6!(+!1<)5+5)-&!$#6$2AH)5+G!B=#.A*!=#! )&91*3+*0!3+(#*!=#*)$1+(=+=#*!*6&!1&!=#2265J#!#56&-.)56!>!1&!H+5362!=#!=#*#*3+<)()/+5)-&!! *65)+(G! "1K#2+2! (+*! H1#2/+*! #*3215312+(#*! L1#! 52#+&! >! K#2K#3%+&! (+! =#*)$1+(=+=! #N32#.+! =#<)=6! +! (+*! 5+1*+*! +&3#*! .#&5)6&+=+*! #*! 1&+! =#! (+*! ;4+*! .A*! #H)5)#&3#*! K+2+! .#962+2! #(! <)#&#*3+2!=#!(+!*65)#=+=!>!+5#(#2+2!#(!K265#*6!J+5)+!(6*!51.K().)#&36*!=#!(6*!d<9#3);6*!@#(! 8)(#&)6!Fd@8IG! ! D6*! K26K)6*! d@8! *6&! #&! *4! .)*.6*! 1&+! 32+*5#&=#&3+(! =#5(+2+5)-&! )&3#2&+5)6&+(! =#! )&3#&5)6&#*!H1&=+=+*!#&!1&!56.K26.)*6!56&!(6*!=#2#5J6*!J1.+&6*0!L1#!*6&!=#!&+312+(#/+! 1&);#2*+(!=#!+J4!L1#!(6*!d@8!=#<#&!H+;62#5#2!+!36=6*0!)&=#K#&=)#&3#.#&3#!=#!*1!)&$2#*6! 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'&! 51+&36! +! (+! #56&6.4+0! #(! +1.#&36! =#! (+! K+23)5)K+5)-&! =#! (+*! .19#2#*! #&! #(! .#25+=6! (+<62+(! &6! J+! ;#&)=6! +56.K+M+=+! =#! K6(43)5+*! +&3)=)*52).)&+362)+*! &#5#*+2)+*! L1#! 2#=1/5+&!(+*!<2#5J+*!#N)*3#&3#*!F?'OBD0!QRR]IG! ! , , ! 11 12 FLACSO 3456"#7)6,/,8)8*9*:57(,("7&,)*+";5&#<'&)*"7*2;=#,&)*>)'7)?* El papel de las mujeres” , 7(,:(&4)0):(0)D',+%,*(;,2<=%&%;,%',:&#0%;#;,:#*H4)0#;,-,+%0);#&)#;, ! f6>!#&!=4+!(+*!.19#2#*!2#K2#*#&3+&!#(!`Wl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X&+!*6(15)-&!+!#*3#!K26<(#.+!*#!2#H)#2#!+V! !! (+!52#+5)-&!=#!56&=)5)6&#*!L1#!K#2.)3+&!+!(+*!.19#2#*!#(!+55#*6!+!6K6231&)=+=#*!o! #&!)$1+(=+=!=#!56&=)5)6&#*!L1#!(6*!J6.<2#*G! !! #(!=#*+226((6!=#!*1*!5+K+5)=+=#*!K+2+!(6$2+2!1&+!.+>62!)&5)=#&5)+!#&!#(!=#;#&)2!=#! *1!K26K)6!H13126G! ! 3456"#7)6,/,8)8*9*:57(,("7&,)*+";5&#<'&)*"7*2;=#,&)*>)'7)?* El papel de las mujeres”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