E.T.S. de Ingeniería Industrial, Informática y de Telecomunicación ! ! ! ! ! Segmentación de imágenes a través de lógica difusa y funciones REF, de Dombi y penalti ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Grado en Ingeniería Informática Trabajo Fin de Grado Iñigo Aguas Ardaiz Humberto Bustince Sola Fco. 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RVF DVNQMF RVF ܐZ ܐZ FT FTUSJDUBNFOUF EFDSFDJFOUF Z DPOUJOVB "EFN¡T TJ ܐFT JOWPMVUJWB TF DPOTJEFSB RVF TF IBCMB EF VOB OFHBDJ³O GVFSUF %FࣲOJDJ³O -MBNBSFNPT BVUPNPSTNP ষ B UPEBT BRVFMMBT GVODJPOFT EFM JOUFSWBMP VOJEBE UBM RVF ষ ̉ = ? ɥ = ? TFBO DPOUJOVBT Z FTUSJDUBNFOUF DSFDJFOUFT QSPQJDJBOEP RVF ষ Z ষ &O & 5SJMMBT <> FOVODJ³ FM TJHVJFOUF UFPSFNB 5FPSFNB 5FPSFNB EF 5SJMMBT 6OB GVODJ³O ? = ̉ ܐɥ = ? FT VOB OFHBDJ³O GVFSUF TJ Z T³MP TJ FYJTUF VO BVUPNPSटTNP EFM JOUFSWBMP VOJEBE UBM RVF ܤ ܐষ˥ ˥ ষ ܤ %FࣲOJDJ³O 6OB GVODJ³O ܅۸۹ ̉ = ? ɥ = ? FT MMBNBEB EF FRVJWBMFODJB SFTUSJOHJEB DVBOEP DVNQMF RVF $BQ­UVMP $PODFQUPT C¡TJDPT ܅۸۹ ܅ ܥ ܤ۸۹ ? = ˛ ܥ ܤ˓ ܤ ܥ ܅۸۹ ܥ ܤTJ Z T³MP TJ ܥ ܤ ܅۸۹ ܥ ܤTJ Z T³MP TJ ܤF ܥ³ TJ ܤF ܥ ܅۸۹ ܅ ܥ ܤ۸۹ ? = ˛ ܥ ܤ˓ ܥ ܐ ܤ ܐTJFOEP ܐVOB OFHBDJ³O GVFSUF ˓ ? = ˛ ܦ ܥ ܤTJ ܦ ̷ ܥ ̷ ܤFOUPODFT ܅۸۹ ܅ ̸ ܥ ܤ۸۹ ܦ ܤZ ܅۸۹ ܅ ̷ ܦ ܥ۸۹ ܦ ܤ 1SPQPTJDJ³O 4FBO EPT BVUPNPSटTNPT ষ Z ষଓ TF MMBNBS¡ GVODJ³O ܅۸۹ B MB DPOTUSVDDJ³O RVF DVNQMB RVF ܅۸۹ ܥ ܤষ˥ ˥ ^ষଓ ˥ ܤষଓ ^ܥ DPO ܤ ܐষ˥ ଓ ˥ ষଓ ܤ "EFN¡T TJ UFOFNPT VOB ܅۸۹ Z VO BVUPNPSटTNP FO = ? MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF FTUPT ۹ ষ˫܅۸۹ FT PUSB ܅۸۹ 5FPSFNB 6OB GVODJ³O DPOUJOVB ܅۸۹ ̉ = ?ଓ ɥ = ? RVF DVNQMB RVF ܅۸۹ ܤ ? = ˛ ܤ˓ ܤFT VOB GVODJ³O ܅۸۹ BTPDJBEB DPO MB GVODJ³O ? = ̉ ۼଓ ɥ = ? DPO ۼDPOUJOVB Z BTPDJBUJWB TJ Z T³MP TJ FYJTUF VO BVUPNPSटTNP ষ FO = ? UBM RVF ܅۸۹ ܥ ܤষ˥ ˥ ഈ ষ ˥ ܤষ ܥഈ Z ܤ ܐষ˥ ˥ ষ ܤ 'VODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O -BT GVODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O UJFOFO DPNP QSPQ³TJUP SFEVDJS MBT EJNFOTJPOFT EF MB JOGPSNBDJ³O B QBSUJS EF MB DPNCJOBDJ³O EF MPT EBUPT EF FOUSBEB PCUFOJFOEP VOB TBMJEB RVF MPT SFQSFTFOUF < > 4V BQMJDBDJ³O TF FYUJFOEF FO NVDIPT DBTPT QS¡DUJDPT Z UF³SJDPT DPNP MB M³HJDB NVMUJFWBMVBEB DPOUSPM EJGVTP MB UPNB EF EFDJTJ³O FUD <> 4F EFOJS¡ VOB GVODJ³O EF BHSFHBDJ³O DPNP TJHVF %FࣲOJDJ³O 4F EJDF RVF ܚ? = ̉ ܀ɥ = ? FT VOB GVODJ³O EF BHSFHBDJ³O EF EJNFOTJ³O ܚTJFNQSF RVF TBUJTGBHB ܤ ܀ Ɨ ܚܤTJ Z T³MP TJ ܤ Ɨ ܚܤ ܤ ܀ Ɨ ܚܤTJ Z T³MP TJ ܤ Ɨ ܚܤ ܀FT VOB GVODJ³O FTUSJDUBNFOUF DSFDJFOUF %FࣲOJDJ³O 6OB GVODJ³O EF BHSFHBDJ³O ܀TFS¡ MMBNBEB NFEJB TJ ܤ ܚܕܙ Ɨ ܤ ܀ ̷ ܚܤ Ɨ ܤ ܤܙ ̷ ܚܤ Ɨ ܚܤ 'VODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O &O FTUF QSPZFDUP TF VUJMJ[BS¡O NBZPSJUBSJBNFOUF MBT GVODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O JEFNQPUFOUFT FTUP FT RVF DVNQMFO RVF ܤ ܀Ɨ & ܤ˓ ܤ ܤO QBSUJDVMBS VOB GVODJ³O EF BHSFHBDJ³O JEFNQPUFOUF FT VOB NFEJB &OUSF MBT GVODJPOFT RVF VUJMJ[BSFNPT FODPOUSBNPT MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB FM N­OJNP FM N¡YJNP P MB NFEJB HFPN©USJDB "EFN¡T TF EFOFO B DPOUJOVBDJ³O PUSBT RVF OP TPO EF VTP UBO DPNºO 'VODJPOFT 08" &O FTUB TFDDJ³O TF JOUSPEVDF FM DPODFQUP EF MBT GVODJPOFT EF NFEJB QPOEFSBEB PSEFOBEB 08" PSEFSFE XFJHIUFE BWFSBHJOH < > 4F CBTBO FO MB JEFB EF HFOFSBS VOB NFEJB PSEFOBOEP QSJNFSP MPT FMFNFOUPT B BHSFHBS QBSB MVFHP EBSMFT NBZPS SFMFWBODJB B VOB QBSUF EF FMMPT &TUF UJQP EF GVODJ³O HFOFSBMJ[B MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB TJFOEP FTUB FM 08" FO FM RVF UPEPT MPT FMFNFOUPT EFM WFDUPS EF QFTPT TPO JHVBMFT %FࣲOJDJ³O 6OB GVODJ³O ۹ ̉ = ? ܚɥ = ? TFS¡ VOB GVODJ³O 08" EF EJNFOTJ³O ܚ TJ FYJTUF VO WFDUPS ܣ ܣ ܣଓ Ɨ ܚ? = ˛ ܚܣUBM RVF ˤ ܕܣ ܕEF GPSNB RVF ܚ ۹ ܤ Ɨ ܚܤ ܤ ܖܣ ܖ ܖ EPOEF ܤ ܖFT FM ©ܖTJNP NBZPS FMFNFOUP EFM WFDUPS ܤ Ɨ ܚܤ 1PS UBOUP QBSB QPEFS PCUFOFS VO SFTVMUBEP BEFDVBEP EFCFS¡ VUJMJ[BSTF VO WFDUPS EF QFTPT ܣRVF TF BEFDºF B MBT OFDFTJEBEFT EFM QSPCMFNB &O FTUF USBCBKP TF FNQMFB MB WFSTJ³O ۜBM NFOPT MB NJUBE RVF UJFOF DPNP WFDUPS EF QFTPT BRVFM RVF TF PCUJFOF DPO MB FDVBDJ³O &TUP HFOFSBS¡ VOB BHSFHBDJ³O EPOEF EFTUBRVFO UPEPT BRVFMMPT FMFNFOUPT RVF TF FODVFOUSFO QPS EFUSBT EF MB NFEJBOB ܄ ܕܣന ܕ ܕ ഫ ˥ ܄ന ഫ ˓ ] ˛ ܕƗ _ܚTBCJFOEP RVF ܠ ܠ ϴ Ϸ TJ ܞ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ϵ ˥ ܞ ܞ ܄Ϸ TJ ̷ ̷ ܞ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ϶ TJ ܞ "EFN¡T FO MB TFHVOEB QBSUF EFM FTUVEJP TF FNQMFB FM 08" ۜMB NBZPS­B EF& TUF 08" QSFUFOEF EFTUBDBS BRVFMMPT FMFNFOUPT RVF TPO NBZPSFT FO FM WFDUPS & ܤTUP TF IBDF SFBMJEBE QPS NFEJP EF VO WFDUPS EF QFTPT EPOEF TPO OVMPT MPT QFTPT SFMBUJWPT B BRVFMMBT ܕܤ N¡T QFRVF±BT 1BSB MB DPOTUSVDDJ³O EFM WFDUPS EF QFTPT TF VUJMJ[BS¡ UBNCJ©O MB FDVBDJ³O $BQ­UVMP $PODFQUPT C¡TJDPT *OUFHSBM $IPRVFU 1BSB FTUF PUSP UJQP EF GVODJ³O < > EF BHSFHBDJ³O TF QSFUFOEF EBS VOB OVFWB EF GPSNB EF SFQSFTFOUBS VO DPOKVOUP EF EBUPT FO VOB ºOJDB TBMJEB %F FTUB GPSNB TF EFOF QSJNFSBNFOUF VOB NFEJEB B USBW©T EF MB DVBM TF DBMDVMBS¡ MB GPSNB FO MB RVF DBEB FMFNFOUP EFM DPOKVOUP EF EBUPT UFOES¡ SFFMFWBODJB FO MB BHSFHBDJ³O OBM 1BSB FMMP EFOJNPT FM DPODFQUP EF NFEJEB EJGVTB %FࣲOJDJ³O %BEP ܈VO VOJWFSTP OJUP ܈ ݣFM DPOKVOUP EF UPEPT MPT TVCDPKVOUPT EF ܈6OB NFEJEB EJGVTB FT VOB GVODJ³O ভ ̉ ܈ ݣɥ = ? RVF TBUJTGBDF RVF ভ ˘ Z ভ ܈ ۴ ͙ ۵ ʥ ভ ۴ ̷ ভ ۵ ˓۴ ۵ ͙ ܈ " DPOUJOVBDJ³O EFOJNPT MB GVODJ³O JOUFHSBM $IPRVFU DPOPDJFOEP RVF UPNBSFNPT TV WFSTJ³O EJTDSFUB QPS FM DPOUFYUP FO FM RVF TF FTU¡ USBCBKBOEP %FࣲOJDJ³O %BEP VO WFDUPS ܤ Ɨ ܚܤTFB VOB QFSNVUBDJ³O EF ] _ܚUBM RVF ܤ ܖFT FM ©ܖTJNP NBZPS FMFNFOUP EFM WFDUPS ܤ Ɨ ܚܤ-B JOUFHSBM EJTDSFUB EF $IPRVFU DPO SFTQFDUP B MB NFEJEB EJGVTB ভ FT ܚ ۶ǻভ ܤ ܤ ܕভ ] ܕƗ ˥ _ܚভ ] ܕƗ _ܚ ܕ UPNBOEP MB DPOWFODJ³O EF RVF ] ܚ ˘ _ܚ ভ 1SPQPTJDJ³O 4J EFOPUBNPT B ܣ ܕভ ] ܕƗ ˥ _ܚভ ] ܕƗ _ܚTF PCUJFOF MB TJHVJFOUF EFटOJDJ³O EF MB JOUFHSBM $IPRVFU FO GVODJ³O EF MPT PQFSBEPSFT 08" EFटOJEPT FO ܚ ভ ܣ ܕΘ ܤ ܕ ܕ 'VODJPOFT EF TJNJMJUVE &M DPODFQUP EF TJNJMJUVE < > TVSHF DVBOEP RVFSFNPT NFEJS D³NP EF QBSFDJEPT TPO EPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT &TUF DPODFQUP FT NVZ QBSFDJEP BM EF 3&' QFSP FO FTUF DBTP TF DPOTJEFSBO DPOKVOUPT Z OP FMFNFOUPT 1PS FTUB SB[³O VUJMJ[BNPT MBT 3&' DPNP CBTF QBSB EFOJS MBT GVODJPOFT EF TJNJMJUVE 'VODJPOFT QFOBMUJ %FࣲOJDJ³O %BEB VOB GVODJ³O ܀EF BHSFHBDJ³O EFOJDJ³O Z VOB GVODJ³O ܅۸۹ EFOJ³O MMBNBSFNPT B ܀܆GVODJ³O EF TJNJMJUVE TJ ̉ ܀܆Ț ܋Ț ܋ɥ = ? FTU¡ EFOJEB UBM RVF ܀܆۴ ۵ ܕܚ܀ ܅۸۹ ভ۴ ܕܤভ۵ ܕܤ Z TBUJTGBDF MBT TJHVJFOUFT DPOEJDJPOFT ܀܆۴ ۵ ܀܆۵ ۴ ˓۴ ۵ ˛ Ț ܋ ܀܆۴ ۴ ܐTJ Z T³MP TJ " OP FT EJGVTP ܀܆۴ ۵ TJ Z T³MP TJ " # 4J ۴ ̷ ۵ ̷ ۶ FOUPODFT ܀܆۴ ۵ ̸ ܀܆۴ ۶ Z ܀܆۶ ۵ ̸ ܀܆۶ ۴ ܀܆۴ ܐ۵ ܀܆ ܐ۴ ۵ 0CTFSWBDJ³O %VSBOUF FM EFTBSSPMMP EF FTUF USBCBKP TF CVTDBS¡ MB TJNJMJUVE FOUSF DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT Z FM DPOKVOUP É 4F EFOF FM DPOKVOUP É ] ܕܡভÉ _܈ ˛ ܕܡ^ ܤ FTUP FT BRVFM FO FM RVF UPEPT TVT FMFNFOUPT UJFOFO QFSUFOFODJB BCTPMVUB 'VODJPOFT QFOBMUJ 6OB GVODJ³O QFOBMUJ <> FT VOB GVODJ³O EF BHSFHBDJ³O QPS MP RVF EJTQPOF EF VO WFDUPS EF FOUSBEBT EFM RVF EFWVFMWF VO ºOJDP SFTVMUBEP 4J UPEPT MPT FMFNFOUPT EFM WFDUPS TPO JHVBMFT FOUPODFT DMBSBNFOUF MB TBMJEB TFS¡ FTP NJTNP "IPSB CJFO FM QSPCMFNB TVSHF DVBOEP IBZ BMHºO FMFNFOUP EJGFSFOUF ZB RVF FO FTF NPNFOUP MB JEFB TFS¡ CVTDBS VOB TBMJEB UPEP MP QBSFDJEB QPTJCMF B MB FOUSBEB &O FTUF TFOUJEP FT FMFNFOUP P FMFNFOUPT EJGFSFOUFT UFOES¡O VOB DJFSUB EJTDSFQBODJB DPO MPT EFN¡T Z KVTUBNFOUF FTUP FT MP RVF TF QSFUFOEF NJOJNJ[BS MB EJTDSFQBODJB QBSB EBS VOB TBMJEB BEFDVBEB %FࣲOJDJ³O -B GVODJ³O ܚ? = ̉ ܃ ɥ ȉ = ˱? FT VOB GVODJ³O QFOBMUJ TJ Z T³MP TJ TBUJGBDF RVF ܥ ܤ˓ ̸ ܥ ܤ ܃ ܥ ܤ ܃TJ ܕ˓ܥ ܕܤƗ ܚ ܥ ܤ ܃FT DVBTJDPOWFYB FO ܥQBSB DVBMRVJFS ܤFTUP FT ܤ ܃ব Θ ܥ ˥ ব Θ ܥଓ ̷ ܥ ܤ ܃ ܤܙ ܥ ܤ ܃ଓ $BQ­UVMP $PODFQUPT C¡TJDPT -B GVODJ³O FO MB RVF TF CBTBO MBT QFOBMUJ FT ܥ ܤ ܃ ܚܕܙ ܔܞ ܤ ܓ ܥ TJ ܥFT FM ºOJDP N­OJNP F ܥ TJ FM DPOKVOUP EF NJOJNJ[BEPSFT FT FM JOUFSWBMP ଓ 5FPSFNB 5PEBT MBT GVODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O MMBNBEBT NFEJBT QVFEFO TFS FTDSJUBT DPNP VOB GVODJ³O CBTBEB FO VOB GVODJ³O QFOBMUJ FYQSFTBEB FO MB EFटOJDJ³O 'VODJPOFT EF %PNCJ -BT GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ <> TPO PQFSBEPSFT EF FRVJWBMFODJB DPO VOB EFOJDJ³O EJGFSFOUF B MBT 3&' QSFTFOUBEBT FO MB TFDDJ³O $PO FTUB SFMBDJ³O MP RVF TF QSFUFOEF DPOPDFS FT DPNP EF JHVBMFT TPO EPT FMFNFOUPT EF VO DPOKVOUP EJGVTP EBEP QFSP BQMJDBOEP OVFWBT JEFBT QBSB MB DPOTUSVDDJ³O EFM SFTVMUBEP %FࣲOJDJ³O %BEPT ܤ ܤ ܤଓ Ɨ ܚܤZ ܣ ܣ ܣଓ Ɨ ܚܣEFOPUBSFNPT ۷ DPNP VOB GVODJ³O EF FRVJWBMFODJB EF %PNCJ DVBOEP UFOHBNPT RVF ۷ ܤ ܣ ദ ˥ ܕܣ ܕܤഩ -FNB -B GVODJ³O EF FRVJWBMFODJB EF %PNCJ ۷ DVNQMF MBT TJHVJFOUFT QSPQJFEBEFT ۷ ̉ = ? = ? ɥ = ? FT DPOUJOVB ۷ ܣ ܣଓ ۷ ܣ ܣଓ ۷ ܣ ܣଓ ۷ ܣ ܣଓ ۷ ܣ ܣଓ ܤ ܐ ܤ /PUBDJ³O " MP MBSHP EFM USBCBKP TF BTVNJS¡ MB OPUBDJ³O RVF TJHVF QBSB FTUPT DPODFQUPT *NBHFO MB EFOPUBSFNPT DPO ܄ $PPSEFOBEBT EF VO QJYFM ܥ ܤ /PUBDJ³O .¡YJNP OJWFM EF HSJT ۿ /ºNFSP EF GJMBT EF ܁ ܄ /ºNFSP EF DPMVNOBT EF ܀ ܄ *OUFOTJEBE EF VO QJYFM ܥ ܤ ܝEF GPSNB RVF ̷ ܄ ˛ ܥ ܤ ˓ ˥ ۿ ̷ ܥ ܤ ܝ )JTUPHSBNB ǻ ' ܝVODJ³O QBSB DPOPDFS FM OºNFSP EF QJYFMFT DPO MB JOUFOTJEBE ܝ .FEJB EF VOB JNBHFO ܄ܙ ˤ˥ۿ ܝǻ ܝ ܝ ˤ˥ۿ ܝ ǻ ܝ SFB EF VOB JNBHFO ˥ۿ ۴ ܄ ܝǻ ܝ ܝ $BQ­UVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO VO TPMP VNCSBM DPO GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ &O FTUF DBQ­UVMP FO QSJNFS MVHBS TF QSFTFOUBS¡O UPEBT MBT IFSSBNJFOUBT BMHPS­UNJDBT RVF TF WBO B VUJMJ[BS QBSB MMFWBS B DBCP MPT FYQFSJNFOUPT EF FTUF USBCBKP IBDJFOEP ©OGBTJT FO MB GPSNB EF VUJMJ[BDJ³O QBSB GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ 4FHVJEBNFOUF TF NPTUBS¡O MPT SFTVMUBEPT PCUFOJEPT QBSB MB TFHNFOUBDJ³O NPOPVNCSBM DPO FTUBT GVODJPOFT .©UPEPT BMHPS­UNJDPT EF TFHNFOUBDJ³O EF VO ºOJDP VNCSBM "MHPSJUNP HFOFSBM NBYJNJ[BOEP MB TJNJMJUVE &TUF BMHPSJUNP RVF TF QSFTFOUB FO <> QSFUFOEF DPOTFHVJS PCUFOFS VO ºOJDP VNCSBM B QBSUJS EF MB NBYJNJ[BDJ³O EF MB TJNJMJUVE "MHPSJUNP .BYJNJ[BDJ³O EF MB TJNJMJUVE &OUSBEB 6OB JNBHFO ܄FO FTDBMB EF HSJTFT EPOEF TVT Q­YFMFT FTU©O FOUSF Z ˥ ۿ 4BMJEB &M VNCSBM ܠB QBSUJS EFM DVBM TF EJWJEF ܄FO PCKFUP Z GPOEP QBSB ܠIBTUB ˥ ۿIBDFS %JWJT³O EF MB JNBHFO FO EPT DMBTFT ۶ ܠZ ۶ ܠ ܛ1BSB DBEB VOB EF FTUBT DMBTFT DBMDVMBS TV NFEJB ܠ ܙZ ܠ ܛܙ $POTUSVDDJ³O EFM DPOKVOUP EJGVTP ܠ܄ $BMDVMBS MB ܀܆É ܠ܄ ࣲO QBSB EFWPMWFS \ ] ܠNBY^ ܀܆ $BQ­UVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO VO TPMP VNCSBM DPO GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ &O FM BMHPSJUNP BOUFSJPS TF OFDFTJUBO WBSJBT EFOJDJPOFT RVF TF FYQMJDBO B DPOUJOVBDJ³O &O QSJNFS MVHBS TF EFTDSJCF FM N©UPEP EF DSFBDJ³O EF MPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT QBSB MP RVF TF FYQMJDB QSFWJBNFOUF FM D¡MDVMP EF MBT NFEJBT QBSB FM GPOEP Z FM PCKFUP %FࣲOJDJ³O 5FOJFOEP FO DVFOUB MB EFOJDJ³O EF MB NFEJB EF VOB JNBHFO RVF TF IB EBEP FO FM BQBSUBEP Z EJTQPOJFOEP EFM IJTUPHSBNB EF MB JNBHFO ǻ ܝQBSB VO DJFSUP OJWFM ܄ ˛ ܝ˓ ܝTF EFOF MB NFEJB EF MPT Q­YFMFT EFM GPOEP DPNP ܠ ܙ Z QBSB MPT Q­YFMFT EFM PCKFUP DPNP ܠ ܛܙ ˤܠ ܝǻ ܝ ܝ ˤܠ ܝ ǻ ܝ ˤ˥ۿ ܝǻ ܝ ܠܝ ˤ˥ۿ ǻ ܝ ܠܝ %FࣲOJDJ³O %BEB ܄VOB JNBHFO FO MB FTDBMB EF - OJWFMFT EF HSJT Z ܠVO OJWFM EF HSJT EF GPSNB RVF ̷ ˥ ۿ ̷ ܠ5FOJFOEP FO DVFOUB RVF ۹ FT VOB GVODJ³O ܅۸۹ ZB RVF MB ܅۸۹ ˫ ষ MP FT TF EFOF FM DPOKVOUP UFOJFOEP FO DVFOUB RVF ܝ ] ܠ܄ভ ] ˛ ܝ^ܝ ܠ܄Ɨ __ ˥ ۿ ϴ Ϸ ܠ ܙ ܝ ܠ ܙ ܝ Ϸ Ϸ ۹ന ষ ന܅۸۹ ന ഫ ഫഫ Ϸ Ϸ ˥ۿ ˥ۿ ϵ ˥ۿ ˥ۿ ভ ܝ ܠ܄Ϸ Ϸ ܠ ܛܙ ܝ ܠ ܛܙ ܝ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ϶ ۹ ന ˥ ۿ ˥ ۿഫ ষ ന܅۸۹ ന ˥ ۿ ˥ ۿഫഫ TJ ܠ ̷ ܝ TJ ܝ ܠ 0CTFSWBDJ³O $PNP QBSFDF M³HJDP B MB WJTUB EF MB EFOJDJ³O FT OFDFTBSJP QPEFS FOVNFSBS BRVFMMBT GVODJPOFT RVF TF VUJMJ[BS¡O DPNP ܅۸۹ Z DPNP BVUPNPSTNP ষ 1BSB UPEPT MPT DBTPT TF UFOES¡ ষ ܤZ BEFN¡T TF EJTUJOHVJS¡O MBT TJHVJFOUFT GVODJPOFT ܅۸۹ ܅۸۹ ˥ ܥ ܤഈܥ ˥ ܤഈ ܅۸۹ ˥ ܥ ܤഈܥ ˥ ܤഈ ܅۸۹ ˥ ܥ ܤഈܥ ˥ ܤഈ ଓ ଖ ܅۸۹ ˥ ܥ ܤഈܥ ˥ ܤഈଓ ܅۸۹ ˥ ܥ ܤഈܥ ˥ ܤഈଖ .©UPEPT BMHPS­UNJDPT EF TFHNFOUBDJ³O EF VO ºOJDP VNCSBM %FCJEP B MB GPSNVMBDJ³O EF FTUF UBSCBKP TF TVTUJUVJS¡ MB BQMJDBDJ³O BOUFSJPS RVF BDUºB DPNP GVODJ³O ۹ FO MB EFOJDJ³O QPS MB GVODJ³O EF %PNCJ <> EFOJEBT FO %F FTUB GPSNB FO FTUF DBTP MPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT RVFEBS¡O DPNP FYQMJDB MB FDVBDJ³O ϴ Ϸ ܠ ܙ ܝ Ϸ Ϸ ۹ ന ܣന ഫഫ Ϸ Ϸ ˥ۿ ˥ۿ ϵ ভ ܝ ܠ܄Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ܠ ܛܙ ܝ Ϸ Ϸ ϶ ۹ ന ܣന ഫഫ ˥ۿ ˥ۿ ܣ ܣ ܝ ܠ ܙ പ Θ ന ˥ ഫ ഫ ന ധ ˥ ˥ۿ ˥ۿ ܣ ܣ ܝ ܠ ܙ ധ പ Θ ന ˥ ܛഫ ഫ ˥ ന ˥ۿ ˥ۿ TJ ܠ ̷ ܝ TJ ܝ ܠ "EFN¡T FM ºMUJNP QBTP EFM CVDMF FO MB M­OFB "MHPSJUNP TF MMFWB B DBCP MB CVTRVFEB EF MB TJNJMJUVE GSFOUF BM DPOKVOUP É 1BSB QPEFS MMFWBS B DBCP FTUF D¡MDVMP UBM Z DPNP TF FTQFDJDB FO MB EFOJDJ³O OFDFTJUBNPT VUJMJ[BS VOB GVODJ³O ܅۸۹ RVF TFS¡ ܅۸۹ଓ ଓ ˤ ܕܤ ܚ%F FTUB GPSNB RVFEBS¡ ˥ ഈܥ ˥ ܤഈ Z MB BHSFHBDJ³O ܀MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB ܕ ܀ ܚ DPNP TJHVF ܀܆É ˥ۿ܀ ܠ܄ ܝ ǻ ܝΘ ܅۸۹ଓ ভܝ ܠ܄ "MHPSJUNP EFM ¡SFB &TUF BMHPSJUNP RVF TF QSFTFOUB FO <> UBNCJ©O QSFUFOEF IBZBS VO OVFWP VNCSBM B USBW©T EF MB DSFBDJ³O EF VOB GVODJ³O ܅۸۹ UBM Z DPNP TF FYQMJDB FO FM UFPSFNB "MHPSJUNP 6NCSBMJ[BDJ³O EFM ¡SFB &OUSBEB 6OB JNBHFO ܄FO FTDBMB EF HSJTFT EPOEF TVT Q­YFMFT FTU©O FOUSF Z ˥ ۿ 4BMJEB &M VNCSBM ܠB QBSUJS EFM DVBM TF EJWJEF ܄FO PCKFUP Z GPOEP QBSB ܠIBTUB ˥ ۿIBDFS ܠ ۴ ܠ܄ ǻ ܝষ˥ ന ˥ ഋষଓ ധ ܝ ˥ۿ ܝ ܠ ܙ പ ˥ ষଓ ന ഫഋഫ ˥ۿ ˥ۿ ǻ ܝষ˥ ന ˥ ഋষଓ ധ ܠܝ ࣲO QBSB EFWPMWFS \ ] ܠNBY۴ ^ ܠ܄ ܝ ܠ ܙ പ ˥ ষଓ ന ܛഫഋഫ ˥ۿ ˥ۿ &TUB FT SFBMNFOUF VOB OVFWB WFSTJ³O EFM BMHPSJUNP EF NBYJNJ[BDJ³O EF TJNJMJUVE BOUFSJPS 1PS FTUB SB[³O TF QSFQBSB VOB GPSNVMBDJ³O QBSB DPOPDFS MB SFMBDJ³O EF MB TJNJMJUVE FO GVODJ³O EFM ¡SFB ۴ RVF TF IB DBMDVMBEP 4F JOUFOUBS¡ QPS UBOUP TJNQMJDBSMP SFUJSBOEP MB GVODJ³O EF TJNJMJUVE ܀܆ 1SPQPTJDJ³O %BEB VOB BHSFHBDJ³O ܀MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB Z MB GVODJ³O ܅۸۹ଓ VOB GVODJ³O EF FRVJWBMFODJB SFTUSJOHJEB GPSNBEB TFHºO MB EFटOJDJ³O 4J TF DPOTUSVZFO EPT $BQ­UVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO VO TPMP VNCSBM DPO GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT ܠ܄ଜ Z ܠ܄ଝ EF BDVFSEP B EFटOJDJ³O EF MB JNBHFO ܄4J EJTQPOFNPT EF VOB NFEJEB EF TJNJMJUVE QSFTFOUBEB FO QPEFNPT BटSNBS RVF ܀܆É ܠ܄ଜ ̷ ܀܆É ܠ܄ଜ TJ Z T³MP TJ ۴ ܠ܄ଜ ̷ ۴ ܠ܄ଜ 1SVFCB 4BCJFOEP RVF ܅۸۹ ? = ˛ ܤ˓ ܤ ܤFOUPODFT ܀܆É ܠ܄ଜ ˤ˥ۿ ܝ ǻ ܝ ˥ۿ ദǻ ܅ܝ۸۹ଓ ভܝ ܠ܄ഩ ܝ ଜ ˤ˥ۿ ܝ ǻ ܝ ˥ۿ ദǻ ܝভܝ ܠ܄ഩ ܝ 1PS FTUB SB[³O UBNCJ©O TF QPES¡ EFDJS RVF ܀܆É ܠ܄ଝ QSPQPTJDJ³O BOUFSJPS ଜ ۴ ܠ܄ଝ ˤ˥ۿଜ ǻ ܝ ۴ ܠ܄ଜ ˤ˥ۿ ǻ ܝ ܝ MP RVF QSVFCB MB ܝଛ &O FTUF BMHPSJUNP TF VUJMJ[BO QBSFT EF BVUPNPSTNPT QBSB EBSMF GPSNB BM ¡SFB 4F UPNB ষ ܤষଓ ? = ˛ ܤ˓ ܤ ܤ Ϩ ϫ ˥ۿ ϩϩ ܠ Ϭ ϩϩ ˥ ഋ ܠ ܙ ˥ ܝഋ ˥ ˥ ഋ ܠ ܛܙ ˥ ܝഋ ϬϬϬ ۴ ˥ۿܙܡܟ ܠ܄ ന ഫ ന ഫ Ϭ ܝ ǻ ˥ ܝϩ Ϫ ˥ۿ ˥ۿ ˥ۿ ˥ۿϭ ܝ ܠܝ 4F UPNB ষ ܑܤ ܤDPO ܑ ̳ ˓ ? = ˛ ܤZ ষଓ ? = ˛ ܤ˓ ܤ ܤ ܠ ǻ ܝന ˥ ഋ ܝ ˥ۿ ܝ ܠ ܙ ܝ ܠ ܛܙ ഋഫ ˥ ഋഫ ˥ ǻ ܝന ˥ ഋ ˥ ˥ۿ ˥ۿ ˥ۿ ˥ۿ ܠܝ 4F UPNB ষ ? = ˛ ܤ˓ ܤ ˥ ˭ ˥ ܤZ ষଓ ? = ˛ ܤ˓ ܤ ܤ Ϩ ϫ ଓ ଓϬ ˥ۿ ϩϩ ˥ۿ ϬϬ ܝ ܙ ܠ ܝ ܙ ܠ ܛ ǻ ˥ ܝϩϩϩ ǻ ܝന ˥ ˥ ഫ ˥ ǻ ܝന ഫ ϬϬϭ Ϫ ˥ۿ ˥ۿ ˥ۿ ˥ۿ ܝ ܝ ܠܝ ˥ۿ &O UPUBM TF EJTQPOES¡ EF WFSTJPOFT EJGFSFOUFT 4F EFCF UFOFS FO DVFOUB RVF FO MB FO FM QBS EF BVUPNPSTNPT TF EJTQPOES¡ EF ܑ Z ܑ "MHPSJUNP EF TFMFDDJ³O EFM VNCSBM ³QUJNP %FࣲOJDJ³O %BEB ܄VOB JNBHFO FO MB FTDBMB EF - OJWFMFT EF HSJT Z ܠVO OJWFM EF HSJT EF GPSNB RVF ̷ ˥ ۿ ̷ ܠTF DBMDVMB TV DPOKVOUP ܠ܄ ۻDPNP ܝ ] ܠ܄ ۻভ ] ˛ ܝ^ܝ ܠ܄ ۻƗ __ ˥ ۿ .©UPEPT BMHPS­UNJDPT EF TFHNFOUBDJ³O EF VO ºOJDP VNCSBM UFOJFOEP FO DVFOUB RVF ϴ Ϸ ܠ ܙ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ϵ˥ۿ ভ ܝ ܠ܄Ϸ Ϸ ܠ ܛܙ Ϸ Ϸ ϶ ˥ۿ TJ ܠ ̷ ܝ TJ ܝ ܠ &O FM BMHPSJUNP OFDFTJUBSFNPT EFTQV©T DBMDVMBS MB TJNJMJUVE RVF FYJTUF FOUSF FM DPOKVOUP ܠ܄Z FM DPOKVOUP ܠ܄ ۻ1BSB FMMP BQMJDBNPT MB EFOJDJ³O ˥ۿ܀ ܠ܄ ۻ ܠ܄ ܀܆ ܝ ǻ ܅ܝ۸۹ ভ ܝ ܠ܄ভܝ ܠ܄ ۻ ଓ 5FOESFNPT FO DVFOUB RVF ܀TFHVJS¡ TJFOEP MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB Z ܅۸۹ ˥ ഈܥ ˥ ܤഈ ˓˛ ܤ = ? 4J B USBW©T EF MB VOJGPSNJEBE TJNQMJDBNPT MB FYQSFTJ³O BOUFSJPS PCUFOESFNPT ܠ܄ ۻ ܠ܄ ܀܆ ˤ˥ۿ ǻ ܝ ܝ ˥ۿ ദǻ ˥ ܝভ ˥ ܝ ܠ܄ভܝ ܠ܄ ۻଓ ഩ ܝ "MHPSJUNP 4FMFDDJ³O EFM VNCSBM ³QUJNP &OUSBEB 6OB JNBHFO ܄FO FTDBMB EF HSJTFT EPOEF TVT Q­YFMFT FTU©O FOUSF Z ˥ ۿ 4BMJEB &M VNCSBM ³QUJNP ˪ܠB QBSUJS EFM DVBM TF EJWJEF ܄FO PCKFUP Z GPOEP QBSB ܠIBTUB ˥ ۿIBDFS $BMDVMBS MPT DPOKVOUPT ܠ܄DPNP TF EFTDSJCF FO MB EFOJDJ³O $BMDVMBS MPT DPOKVOUPT ۻDPNP TF NVFTUSB FO MB EFOJDJ³O $BMDVMBS MB ܠ܄ ۻ ܠ܄ ܀܆ ࣲO QBSB EFWPMWFS \ ] ˪ܠNBY^ ܀܆ 0USPT BMHPSJUNPT "MHPSJUNP EF VNCSBMJ[BDJ³O HMPCBM &OUSF MPT BMHPSJUNPT RVF TF FODBSHBO EF TFHNFOUBS MB JNBHFO DPO VO ºOJDP VNCSBM FTUF FT FM N¡T TJNQMF BVORVF FO PDBTJPOFT QPEFNPT PCUFOFS SFTVMUBEPT TVDJFOUFNFOUF CVFOPT TFHºO RVF BQMJDBDJ³O RVFSBNPT EBSMF &O FTUF TFOUJEP QBSB FM CVFO GVODJPOBNJFOUP EFM BMHPSJUNP FT OFDFTBSJP RVF MB JNBHFO UFOHB VOB DMBSB TFQBSBDJ³O FOUSF FM PCKFUP Z FM GPOEP FYQSFTBEB DPO VO WBMMF FO FM IJTUPHSBNB EF MB JNBHFO 4F EFCF UFOFS DVJEBEP BM FMFHJS FM QBS¡NFUSP দ ZB RVF EF ©M EFQFOEF FM OºNFSP EF JUFSBDJPOFT EFM CVDMF /PSNBMNFOUF DPOGPSNF FTUF DSFDF NFOPS FT FM OºNFSP EF JUFSBDJPOFT OFDFTBSJBT QBSB VO SFTVMUBEP BEFDVBEP $BQ­UVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO VO TPMP VNCSBM DPO GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ "MHPSJUNP 6NCSBMJ[BDJ³O HMPCBM &OUSBEB 6OB JNBHFO ܄FO FTDBMB EF HSJTFT EPOEF TVT Q­YFMFT FTU©O FOUSF Z ˥ ۿ 4BMJEB &M VNCSBM ³QUJNP ܠB QBSUJS EFM DVBM TF EJWJEF ܄FO PCKFUP Z GPOEP \ ܠ4F TFMFDDJPOB VO VNCSBM JOJDJBM DVBMRVJFSB BRV­ TF UPNBS¡ FM WBMPS NFEJP EF MPT QPTJCMFT^ SFQFUJS ܠ ܠܚܠ _ܠ ܥ ܤ ܝ^ܥ ܤ ] ۺ _ܠ ̷ ܥ ܤ ܝ^ܥ ܤ ] ۺ ˤ ۺ^ ܙ^ ܕ ۺ˛ܕ ˤ ۺ^ ܙଓ^ ۺ˛ܕଓ ܕ ܙ ܠܙଓ ଓ IBTUB RVF ^ ^ܠ ˥ ܠܚܠদ \&M WBMPS দ FT VO DJFSUP FSSPS EJTQVFTUP QPS FM QSPHSBNBEPS^ EFWPMWFS ܠ "MHPSJUNP EF 0UTV &M BMHPSJUNP EF 0UTV <> CBTB TV U©DOJDB EF VNCSBMJ[BDJ³O UBNCJ©O FO FM IJTUPHSBNB EF MB JNBHFO RVF SFDJCF 1BSB FMMP USBUB MBT QSPCBCJMJEBEFT RVF TF MF PSUPSHBO B DBEB VOP EF MPT OJWFMFT EF HSJT EF MPT RVF EJTQPOF MB JNBHFO 4J UPNBNPT VOB JNBHFO ܄RVF UFOHB TVT JOUFOTJEBEFT FOUSF = Ɨ ?ۿQPESFNPT FYQSFTBS MB QSPCBCMJEBE EF DBEB JOUFOTJEBE DPNP ܕܜ ܕܚ ܁ ̸ ܕܜ ˥ۿ TBCJFOEP RVF ܕܜ ܕ TJFOEP ܕܚFM OºNFSP EF Q­YFMFT EF JOUFOTJEBE ܕZ ܁FM OºNFSP UPUBM EF Q­YFMFT FO MB JNBHFO ܄ "IPSB TVQPOESFNPT RVF QPEFNPT DMBTJDBS MPT FMFNFOUPT EF MB JNBHFO FO EPT DMBTFT ۶ Z ۶ RVF UFOES¡O B MPT Q­YFMFT = Ɨ ?ܗZ = ܗƗ ? ˥ ۿSFTQFDUJWBNFOUF %FOJS¡O TV QSPCBCJMJEBE DPNP ܠ Z ܞ܃۶ ܕܜ ܠ ܕ Z TV NFEJB DPNP ܠ ܠ ܕ ܕ ভ ^ܕ ܞ܃ ܕ۶ EPOEF ܕܜܕ ভ ܠ ܠ ܗ ܗ ܕܜܕ ܕ ˥ۿ ܞ܃۶ ܕܜ ܠ ܠܕ ˥ۿ Z ˥ۿ ܕܜܕ ভ ˥ ܇ভ ܠ ˥ ܠ ܠܕ ভ ^ܕ ܞ܃ ܕ۶ ܠܕ Z ܗ ভ ܗ ܕܜܕ ܕ .©UPEPT BMHPS­UNJDPT EF TFHNFOUBDJ³O EF VO ºOJDP VNCSBM 1PS ºMUJNP TF QVFEF EFOJS ˥ۿ ভ ܇ভ ˥ ۿ ܕܜܕ ܕ Z UPEBT FTUBT EFOJDJPOFT QPEFNPT BTFHVSBS RVF DVNQMJS¡O RVF Z ভ ভ ভ܇ $PO MB JOUFODJ³O EF FWBMVBS MP BEFDVBEP P OP RVF FT DBEB VNCSBM ܠQPEFNPT EFOJS MB WBSJBO[B EF DBEB VOP DPNP ଓ۵ ܠ ভ ˥ ভ ܇ଓ ভ ˥ ভ ܇ଓ ভ ˥ ভ ଓ $PO UPEP FMMP QBSB FODPOUSBS FM VNCSBM ³QUJNP ˪ܠT³MP EFCFSFNPT FODPOUSBS BRVFMMB WBSJBO[B RVF NBYJNJDF B MBT EFN¡T ଓ۵ ܤܙ ˪ܠബଓ۵ ܠയ ̷ۿܗ "M SFTVNJS UPEP MP BOUFSJPS FO MFOHVBKF BMHPS­UNJDP TF FODVFOUSB "MHPSJUNP 4FMFDDJ³O EFM VNCSBM ³QUJNP TFHºO 0UTV &OUSBEB 6OB JNBHFO ܄FO FTDBMB EF HSJTFT EPOEF TVT Q­YFMFT FTU©O FOUSF Z ˥ ۿ 4BMJEB &M VNCSBM ³QUJNP ˪ܠB QBSUJS EFM DVBM TF EJWJEF ܄FO PCKFUP Z GPOEP QBSB ܠIBTUB ˥ ۿIBDFS ܠ U ˤܕ ܕܜ ܠ ভ U ˤܕ ܜܕଛܕ ۿ U ˤܠܕ ܕܜ ۿ ভ U ˤܠܕ ܜܕଜܕ ଓ۵ ܠ ভ ˥ ভ ଓ ࣲO QBSB EFWPMWFS \ ܠܤܙ ] ˪ܠଓ۵ ^ "MHPSJUNP EF NBYJNJ[BDJ³O EF MB FOUSPQ­B EF 3FOZJ &TUF BMHPSJUNP FOVODJBEP FO <> CVTDB FM VNCSBM ³QUJNP EF MB JNBHFO B USBW©T EF MB NBYJNJ[BDJ³O EF MB FOUSPQ­B RVF TF QSPEVDF FO MB JNBHFO EFOJEB QPS 3FOZJ "M JHVBM RVF FO FM BMHPSJUNP EF 0UTV TF FNQJF[B EFOJFOEP EPT DMBTFT MB DPSSFTQPOEJFOUF BM GPOEP Z MB EFM PCKFUP 1BSB DBEB VOB EF FMMBT TF EFOF TV QSPCBCJMJEBE ܠ ܜ۶ ܕܜ ܕ Z ˥ۿ ܜ۶ ܕܜ ܠܕ $BQ­UVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO VO TPMP VNCSBM DPO GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ EPOEF DPO BNCBT QSPCBCJMJEBEFT TF DVNQMF RVF ܜ۶ ܜ۶ " DPOUJOVBDJ³O TF EFOF MB FOUSPQ­B QBSB BNCBT DMBTFT TBCJFOEP RVF ঢ ̳ ۻ۶ঢଛ ܠ ܠ ܕܜ ܚܘ ന ഫ ˥ ঢ ܕ ܜ۶ ঢ Z ۻ۶ঢଜ ܠ ˥ۿ ܕܜ ܚܘ ന ഫ ˥ ঢ ܜ ܠܕ۶ ঢ -MFHBEP FTUF QVOUP TF QVFEF FODPOUSBS FM VNCSBM ³QUJNP ˪ܠঢ BRVFM RVF NBYJNJDF MB TVNB EF MBT FOUSPQ­BT EF MBT DMBTFT ˪ܠঢ ܤܙബۻ۶ঢଛ ۻ ܠ۶ঢଜ ܠയ ̷ۿܠ 1PS NFEJP EF FYQFSJNFOUBDJ³O TF IB DPNQSPCBEP RVF FM VNCSBM BOUFSJPS OP FT JHVBM QBSB UPEPT MPT WBMPSFT EF ঢ &TUF IFDIP TF GPSNBMJ[B EF MB TJHVJFOUF GPSNB ϴ ˪ Ϸ ܠ TJ ঢ Ϸ Ϸ ϵ ˪ ˪ ܠଓ TJ ঢ ɥ ܠঢ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ϶ ˪ ܠଔ TJ ঢ ˱ 1PS FTUB SB[³O TF IBDF OFDFTBSJP FNDPOUSBS VO VNCSBM ܠRVF OP TFB EFQFOEJFOUF EF ঢ 1BSB FMMP TF EFCFO DBMDVMBS VO VNCSBM QBSB DBEB VOB EF MBT TJUVBDJPOFT FOVNFSBEBT Z PSEFOBSMPT EF NBZPS B NFOPS BMHP RVF TJNCPMJ[BSFNPT DPNP ܠ ̷ ܠଓ ̷ ܠଔ %F FTUBT GPSNB EFOJSFNPT FM VNCSBM ³QUJNP EF MB JNBHFO DPNP ܠ ܐ˪ܠ ന ܠ ܜ ণ ഫ ܠଓ ণଓ ܠଔ ന ˥ ܠ ܜଔ ণଔ ഫ FO EPOEF UFOESFNPT FO DVFOUB RVF ܠ ܜˤܕܠ ܕܜZ ܠ ܜଔ ˥ ܠ ܜ BEFN¡T EFM WFDUPS ণ ণଓ ণଔ RVF TF UPNB BT­ ϴ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ϵ ণ ণଓ ণଔ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ Ϸ ϶ TJ TJ TJ TJ ഈ ܠ ˥ ܠଓ ഈ ̷ Z ഈ ܠଓ ˥ ܠଔ ഈ ̷ ഈ ܠ ˥ ܠଓ ഈ Z ഈ ܠଓ ˥ ܠଔ ഈ ഈ ܠ ˥ ܠଓ ഈ Z ഈ ܠଓ ˥ ܠଔ ഈ ̷ ഈ ܠ ˥ ܠଓ ഈ ̷ Z ഈ ܠଓ ˥ ܠଔ ഈ &O EFOJUJWB FM VNCSBM ܐ˪ܠQVFEF WFSTF DPNP VOB NFEJB QPOEFSBEB EF MPT WBMPSFT EF ˪ܠ ˪ܠଓ ˪ܠଔ QPS MP RVF TF QVFEF BSNBS ˪ܠ]ܚܕܙ ˪ܠଓ ˪ܠଔ _ ̷ ˪ܠ]ܤܙ ̷ ܐ˪ܠ ˪ܠଓ ˪ܠଔ _ ܠ ̷ ܠ ̷ ܐ˪ܠଔ FTUB BHSFHBDJ³O DPOTJHVF FWJUBS MPT NBMPT SFTVMUBEPT RVF QPES­BO EBSTF TJ OP TF VUJMJ[BSB VO QBS¡NFUSP ঢ DPSSFDUP BM JHVBM RVF JOUFHSB UPEBT MBT DBSBDUFS­TUJDBT EF MB JNBHFO .©UPEPT BMHPS­UNJDPT EF TFHNFOUBDJ³O EF VO ºOJDP VNCSBM "MHPSJUNP 4FMFDDJ³O EFM VNCSBM ³QUJNP NBYJNJ[BOEP MB FOUSPQ­B EF 3FOZJ &OUSBEB 6OB JNBHFO ܄FO FTDBMB EF HSJTFT EPOEF TVT Q­YFMFT FTU©O FOUSF Z ˥ ۿ 4BMJEB &M VNCSBM ³QUJNP ˪ܠB QBSUJS EFM DVBM TF EJWJEF ܄FO PCKFUP Z GPOEP ঢ = ? 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DPMVNOBT2 ভ BMFBUPSJPT, + \$PTUF^ SFQFUJS +BOU + QBSB ܕIBTUB / IBDFS QBSB ܖIBTUB . 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QSFQBSBEP DPO SVJEP JNQVMTJWP EF ۜEF TBM Z QJNJFOUB DPO EFOTJEBE EF QSPCBCJMJEBE EFM SVJEP ܑ Z ܑ 4F QSFTFOUBO MBT JN¡HFOFT ZB USBUBEBT FO MB HVSB 1PS PUSB QBSUF TF QSVFCB B WFS D³NP SFTJTUF FM BMHPSJUNP DPO JN¡HFOFT EF CBKP Z BMUP DPOUSBTUF &YQFSJNFOUPT Z SFTVMUBEPT DPO GVODJPOFT EF FRVJWBMFODJB EF %PNCJ B ۜ4JMMB C )JTUPHSBNB D ۜ#MPRVFT E 6NCSBMJ[BDJ³O EFM FYQFSUP F )JTUSPHSBNB ۜ&OHSBOBKF H 6NCSBMJ[BDJ³O EFM FYQFSUP I )JTUSPHSBNB J ۜ-FUSBT K 6NCSBMJ[BDJ³O EFM FYQFSUP L )JTUSPHSBNB M ۜ4PNCSB N 6NCSBMJ[BDJ³O EFM FYQFSUP O )JTUSPHSBNB 'JHVSB *N¡HFOFT VUJMJ[BEBT FO FM FYQFSJNFOUP Z TJHVJFOUFT $BQ­UVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO VO TPMP VNCSBM DPO GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ 3FTVMUBEPT &O MB UBCMB TF QVFEFO BQSFDJBS MPT SFTVMUBEPT QBSB MB VNCSBMJ[BDJ³O EF DBEB VOB EF MBT JN¡HFOFT Z EJGFSFOUFT ܣ4F EJTQPOF UBNCJ©O EF MB UBCMB EPOEF TF FYQSFTBO MPT VNCSBMFT QBSB PUSPT BMHPSJUNPT &O MB DPNQBSBDJ³O EF BNCBT UBCMBT TF PCUJFOF VO SFTVMUBEP DMBSP FM QBS¡NFUSP ܣJOVZF EF GPSNB EFUFSNJOBOUF FO MB TFHNFOUBDJ³O EF MBT JN¡HFOFT "T­ QPS FKFNQMP FO FM DBTP EF MB ۜTJMMB ܣ FT VOB PQDJ³O UPUBMNFOUF BDFSUBEB NJFOUSBT RVF QBSB QBSB MBT ۜMFUSBT IBCS­B RVF EPCMBS FM WBMPS QBSB PCUFOFS VOB VNCSBMJ[BDJ³O JHVBM EF CVFOB FO DPNQBSBDJ³O DPO MPT PUSPT N©UPEPT ۰ ੲ ੳ ੲ ੲ ੳ ੳ ੴ ੳ ੴ 4JMMB #MPRVFT &OHSBOBKF -FUSBT 4PNCSB 5BCMB 6NCSBMFT QBSB DBEB JNBHFO DPO MB GVODJ³O EF %PNCJ Z EJGFSFOUFT ܣ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ 6 (MPCBM 6 EF 0UTV .¡Y MB FOUSPQ­B EF 3FOZJ 4JMMB #MPRVFT &OHSBOBKF -FUSBT 4PNCSB 5BCMB 6NCSBMFT QBSB DBEB JNBHFO DPO PUSBT WFSTJPOFT EF BMHPSJUNPT 1PS PUSB QBSUF DBCF EFTUBDBS RVF FTUF SFTVMUBEP TF IB PCUFOJEP FO VO UJFNQP EF DPNQVUBDJ³O EF BMSFEFEPS EF TFHVOEPT UBOUP QBSB MB WFSTJ³O DPO GVODJ³O EF %PNCJ DPNP QBSB MB EF 3&' $PO MB JOUFODJ³O EF RVF FM MFDUPS QVFEB KV[HBS BEFDVBEBNFOUF FTUPT SFTVUMBEPT TF QSFTFOUBO MPT SFTVMUBEPT FO GPSNB HS¡DB QBSB BRVFMMPT WBMPSFT EF ܣN¡T SFFMFWBOUFT EF GPSNB HS¡DB FO MB UBCMB 4F GBDJMJUB MB QPTJCJMJEBE EF QPEFS DPNQBSBSMP EJSFDUBNFOUF DPO FM BMHPSJUNP PSJHJOBM "EFN¡T TF EJTQPOF FO FM BQ©OEJDF FO MB UBCMB # MB VNCSBMJ[BDJ³O EF MBT JN¡HFOFT DPO PUSPT BMHPSJUNPT QBSB RVF TF QVFEB MMFWBS B DBCP UBNCJ©O MB DPNQBSBDJ³O &YQFSJNFOUPT Z SFTVMUBEPT DPO GVODJPOFT EF FRVJWBMFODJB EF %PNCJ ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ۰ ੲ ۰ੳ ۰ ੳ ੴ 5BCMB 3FTVMUBEP EF MBT TFHNFOUBDJPOFT QBSB FM BMHPSJUNP DPO 3&' Z %PNCJ DPO WBSJPT _ ] ܣ $BQ­UVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO VO TPMP VNCSBM DPO GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ 1BSB QPEFS DPNQSPCBS Z DPNQBSBS GPSNBMNFOUF UPEPT MPT SFTVMUBEPT TF DBMDVMB FM FSSPS DVBES¡UJDP NFEJP QBSB MBT JN¡HFOFT &O DPODSFUP TF IBDF DPO UPEBT MBT WFSTJPOFT PCUFOJEBT DPO PUSPT MPT BMHPSJUNPT QSFTFOUBEPT TJO PCUFOFS OJOHºO SFTVMUBEP SFFMFWBOUF 4F QSFTFOUBO FO MB UBCMB MB DPNQBSBDJ³O RVF TF IBDF FOUSF MBT TFHNFOUBDJPOFT RVF TF PCUJFOFO DPO WBSJBT ܣZ MB JNBHFO VNCSBMJ[BEB EF GPSNB FYBDUB QPS VO FYQFSUP SFTVMUBEPT RVF TF IBDFO N¡T JOUFSFTBOUFT RVF MPT BOUFSJPSFT %F OVFWP EF FTUB UBCMB TF EFTQSFOEF EF RVF FO GVODJ³O EF MB JNBHFO RVF TF UPNF FM QBS¡NFUSP ܣQBSB PCUFOFS VOB NFKPS VNCSBMJ[BDJ³O ۰ "MH DPO ੲ "MH DPO ੳ "MH DPO ੳ ੴ #MPRVFT &OHSBOBKF -FUSBT 4PNCSB 5BCMB &SSPSFT QBSB MBT JN¡HFOFT DPO SVJEP DPO PUSBT WFSTJPOFT EF BMHPSJUNPT $PO MB JOUFODJ³O EF QPEFS MMFWBS B DBCP FYQFSJNFOUPT TPCSF JN¡HFOFT DPO SVJEP TF DSFBO FTUBT EF GPSNB TJOU©UJDB UBM Z DPNP TF IB QSFTFOUBOEP FO MB TFDDJ³O 4F QVFEFO WFS MPT SFTVMUBEPT TPCSF MB JNBHFO ۜTJMMB Z TVT IJTUPHSBNBT FO MB HVSB B 3VJEP HBVTJBOP E )JTUPHSBNB HBVTJBOP EF SVJEP C 3VJEP ۜTBM Z QJNJFOUB DPO ܜ F )JTUPHSBNB EF SVJEP ۜTBM Z QJNJFOUB DPO ܜ D 3VJEP ۜTBM Z QJNJFOUB DPO ܜ )JTUPHSBNB EF SVJEP ۜTBM Z QJNJFOUB DPO ܜ 'JHVSB *N¡HFOFT DPO SVJEP VUJMJ[BEBT FO FM FYQFSJNFOUP Z TJHVJFOUFT -PT VNCSBMFT RVF TF IBO PCUFOJEP TF FYQSFTBO FO MB UBCMB $PNQBS¡OEPMB EF OVFWP DPO PUSPT BMHPSJUNPT UBCMBT TF QVFEF BQSFDJBS RVF TF QVFEFO PCUFOFS SFTVMUBEPT &YQFSJNFOUPT Z SFTVMUBEPT DPO GVODJPOFT EF FRVJWBMFODJB EF %PNCJ TJNJMJBSFT UBNCJ©O F JHVBMNFOUF RVF FM QBS¡NFUSP ܣFT EFDJTJWP QBSB EJGFSFOUFT JN¡HFOFT &T DVSJPTP DPNQSPCBS FM IFDIP EF RVF DPO MB NJTNB ܣTF PCUJFOFO SFTVMUBEPT TJNJMBSFT FO DPNQBSBDJ³O DPO MPT VNCSBMFT EF MB WFSTJ³O PSJHJOBM DPO 3&' ੲ ੳ ੲ ੲ ੳ ੳ ੴ ੳ ੴ 3 HBVTJBOP 3 JNQVMTJWP 3 JNQVMTJWP 5BCMB 6NCSBMFT QBSB MBT JN¡HFOFT DPO SVJEP DPO MB GVODJ³O EF %PNCJ Z EJGFSFOUFT WBMPSFT EF ܣ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ 6 (MPCBM 6 EF 0UTV .¡Y MB FOUSPQ­B EF 3FOZJ 3 HBVTJBOP 3 JNQVMTJWP 3 JNQVMTJWP 5BCMB 6NCSBMFT QBSB MBT JN¡HFOFT DPO SVJEP DPO PUSBT WFSTJPOFT EF BMHPSJUNPT &O DVBOUP BM UJFNQP EF D³NQVUP EF OVFWP WVFMWFO B FTUBS UPEPT MPT WBMPSFT FOUPSOP B TFHVOEPT &TUP IBDF WFS RVF FM N©UPEP QSFTFOUBEP TJHVF TJFOEP JHVBM EF FDJFOUF RVF MB WFSTJ³O PSJHJOBM "T­ NJTNP TF NVFTUSBO MPT SFTVMUBEPT HS¡DBNFOUF FO MB UBCMB &O SFMBDJ³O DPO MPT FSSPSFT DPO JNBHFOFT VNCSBMJ[BEBT DPO PUSPT BMHPSJUNPT OP TF 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GPSNB FYUSBPSEJOBSJB N¡T BVO TJ SFDPSEBNPT RVF FTUF BMHPSJUNP JOJDJBMNFOUF IBD­B QPDPT D¡MDVMPT Z QPS UBOUP VUJMJ[B QPDP UJFNQP 3FTVMUBEPT 4J TF FTUVEJBO MBT UBCMBT Z TF FODPOUSBS¡O EF OVFWP VOPT SFTVMUBEPT EFDFQDJPOBOUFT QBSB MB VNCSBMJ[BDJ³O MMFWBEB B DBCP &YDFQUP FO DBTPT DPODSFUPT UPEPT FMMPT EFQFOEJFOUFT EF ষ ܤଖ Z ষଓ ܤ &YQFSJNFOUPT Z SFTVMUBEPT DPO GVODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O 08" 4JMMB .FEJB 08" 08" #MPRVFT "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ .FEJB 08" 08" .FEJB 08" 08" -FUSBT .FEJB 08" 08" .FEJB 08" 08" "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ &OHSBOBKF "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ 4PNCSB "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ 5BCMB 6NCSBMFT QBSB UPEBT MBT WFSTJPOFT EFM BMHPSJUNP DPO MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF 08" $BQ­UVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO BHSFHBOEP DPO GVODJPOFT 08" 3 HBVTJBOP "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ .FEJB 08" 08" .FEJB 08" 08" 3 JNQVMTJWP "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ .FEJB 08" 08" 3 JNQVMTJWP "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ ੲ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੴ "MH DPO ۅۄۑੳ ੳ ˥ ഈ۱ ˥ ۲ഈੲ 5BCMB 6NCSBMFT QBSB UPEBT MBT WFSTJPOFT EFM BMHPSJUNP DPO MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF 08" QBSB JN¡HFOFT DPO SVJEP &YQFSJNFOUPT Z SFTVMUBEPT DPO GVODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O 08" 4F QVFEF PCTFSWBS RVF DMBSBNFOUF MPT SFTVMUBEPT PCUFOJEPT TPO FYUSFNBEBNFOUF BMFKBEPT EF MB SFBMJEBE 4F DSFBO ºOJDBNFOUF VNCSBMFT RVF OP QFSNJUFO MMFWBS B DBCP OJOHVOB TFHNFOUBDJ³O EF GPSNB BEFDVBEB QPS MP RVF TF PNJUF MB QSFTFOUBDJ³O EF MPT SFTVMUBEPT HS¡DPT BT­ DPNP EF MPT FSSPSFT FO FTUF FYQFSJNFOUP 4JMMB "MH DPO ৱੳ ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੴ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੲ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ੳ ˥ ˭ੳ ˥ ۱ Z ৱੴ ۱ .FEJB 08" 08" #MPRVFT "MH DPO ৱੳ ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੴ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੲ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ੳ ˥ ˭ੳ ˥ ۱ Z ৱੴ ۱ .FEJB 08" 08" &OHSBOBKF "MH DPO ৱੳ ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੴ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੲ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ੳ ˥ ˭ੳ ˥ ۱ Z ৱੴ ۱ .FEJB 08" 08" -FUSBT "MH DPO ৱੳ ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੴ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੲ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ੳ ˥ ˭ੳ ˥ ۱ Z ৱੴ ۱ .FEJB 08" 08" 4PNCSB "MH DPO ৱੳ ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੴ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੲ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ੳ ˥ ˭ੳ ˥ ۱ Z ৱੴ ۱ .FEJB 08" 08" 5BCMB 6NCSBMFT QBSB UPEBT MBT WFSTJPOFT EFM BMHPSJUNP DPO MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF 08" $BQ­UVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO BHSFHBOEP DPO GVODJPOFT 08" 3 HBVTJBOP "MH DPO ৱੳ ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੴ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੲ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ੳ ˥ ˭ੳ ˥ ۱ Z ৱੴ ۱ .FEJB 08" 08" .FEJB 08" 08" 3 JNQVMTJWP "MH DPO ৱੳ ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੴ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੲ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ੳ ˥ ˭ੳ ˥ ۱ Z ৱੴ ۱ .FEJB 08" 08" 3 JNQVMTJWP "MH DPO ৱੳ ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੴ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ۱ੲ Z ৱੴ ۱ "MH DPO ৱੳ ੳ ˥ ˭ੳ ˥ ۱ Z ৱੴ ۱ 5BCMB 6NCSBMFT QBSB UPEBT MBT WFSTJPOFT EFM BMHPSJUNP DPO MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF 08" QBSB JN¡HFOFT DPO SVJEP &YQFSJNFOUP TVTUJUVDJ³O EF MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB QPS GVODJPOFT 08" FO MB DPOTUSVDDJ³O EF MPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT QBSB FM BMHPSJUNP DPO GVODJ³O QFOBMUJ &YQMJDBDJ³O EFM FYQFSJNFOUP &O FTUF DBTP EFCJEP B RVF FTUF BMHPSJUNP FT VOB NPEJDBDJ³O EFM QSJNFSP TF WPMWFS¡ B VTBS GVODJPOFT 08" QBSB MB DSFBDJ³O EF MPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT RVF SFQSFTFOUFO MBT JN¡HFOFT 3FTVMUBEPT &T DVSJPTP PCTFSWBS DPNP FM SFTVMUBEP DBNCJB EF GPSNB SBEJDBM &O MB 5BCMB TF QVFEFO PCTFSWBS MPT VNCSBMFT RVF TF FODVFOUSBO BQMJDBEPT FO MBT JN¡HFOFT FO MB TJHVJFOUF UBCMB &O DVBMRVJFS DBTP FTUF SFTVMUBEP UJFOF BºO VO QSPCMFNB QVFT TF HBTUB NVDIP UJFNQP EF DPNQVUBDJ³O QBSB DPNP NVDIP JHVBMBS FM SFTVMUBEP TJOP OP FNQFPSBSMP DPNP TVDFEF DPO BMHºO FKFNQMP &YQFSJNFOUPT Z SFTVMUBEPT DPO GVODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O 08" 4JMMB #MPRVFT &OHSBOBKF -FUSBT 4PNCSB .FEJB 08" 08" 5BCMB 6NCSBMFT QBSB MB WFSTJ³O BHSFHBEB EFM BMHPSJUNP DPO MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF 08" .FEJB 08" 08" 5BCMB 3FTVMUBEPT HS¡DPT QBSB MB WFSTJ³O BHSFHBEB EFM BMHPSJUNP DPO MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF 08" $BQ­UVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO BHSFHBOEP DPO GVODJPOFT 08" 4F QSFTFOUBO UBNCJ©O MPT SFTVMUBEPT EF BQMJDBS TPCSF JN¡HFOFT DPO SVJEP 4F WF RVF DMBSBNFOUF FYJTUF VOB UFOEFODJB EF RVF MB TFHVOEB GPSNB EF DSFBS FM 08" IBHB RVF FM VNCSBM TF EJTQBSF IBDJB VO FYUSFNP "VO BT­ Z EF OVFWP TF QVFEF BQSFDJBS DMBSBNFOUF DPO MB JNBHFO TFHNFOUBEB EF MB UBCMB RVF MB TFHNFOUBDJ³O FT CBTUBOUF QFPS TJO DPOUBS FM UJFNQP EF DPNQVUBDJ³O FYUSB RVF FT OFDFTBSJP 3 HBVTJBOP 3 JNQVMTJWP 3 JNQVMTJWP .FEJB 08" 08" 5BCMB 3FTVMUBEPT HS¡DPT QBSB MB WFSTJ³O BHSFHBEB EFM BMHPSJUNP DPO MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF 08" .FEJB 08" 08" 5BCMB 3FTVMUBEPT HS¡DPT QBSB MB WFSTJ³O BHSFHBEB EFM BMHPSJUNP DPO MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF 08" FO JN¡HFOFT DPO SVJEP &YQFSJNFOUP TVTUJUVDJ³O EF MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB QPS GVODJPOFT 08" FO MB DPOTUSVDDJ³O EF MPT DPOKVUPT EJGVTPT QBSB FM BMHPSJUNP EFM VNCSBM ³QUJNP QPS TJNJMJUVE &YQMJDBDJ³O EFM FYQFSJNFOUP &O FTUF DBTP TF DBNCJBS¡ MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB RVF TF FODVFOUSB FO MB DSFBDJ³O EFM DPOKVOUP ۻRVF TF VUJMJ[B QBSB DPOPDFS MB TJNJMJUVE EF MBT JN¡HFOFT 4F NBOUFOES¡ EF FTUB GPSNB &YQFSJNFOUPT Z SFTVMUBEPT DPO GVODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O 08" EVSBOUF UPEP FM FYQFSJNFOUP OJDBNFOUF DBNCJBS¡ MB NFEJB RVF TF FODVFOUSB FO MB DSFBDJ³O EF MPT DPOKVOUPT EJGVTPT RVF TF DPNQBSBO DPOUSB ۻ 4F EJTUJOHVJS¡O EPT DBTPT QPS NFEJP EF MBT EPT GVODJPOFT 08" RVF TF IBO FYQMJDBEP "RVFM RVF BDPHF B MB 08" FT FM "MH B Z FM RVF NVMUJQMJDB QPS FM IJTUPHSBNB TFS¡ FM "MH C 3FTVMUBEPT %F OVFWP TF WVFMWF B PCTFSWBS RVF OP TF EBO CVFOPT SFTVMUBEPT QBSB BRVFMMBT PQDJPOFT RVF TJHVFO RVF TJHVFO UFOJFOEP MB DPOTUSVDDJ³O EFM DPOKVOUP ܠ܄QPS NFEJP EF 08" &O DBNCJP TF PCTFSWB VO DBNCJP NVZ JOUFSFTBOUF ZB RVF QBSFDF RVF MB WFSTJ³O RVF TF VUJMJ[B DPO MB NFEJB BSJUN©UJDB QFSP DPO 08" QBSB DSFBS FM DPOKVOUP ) PCUJFOF HSBOEFT SFTVMUBEPT QBSB FM DBTP FO FM DVBM OP TF NVMUJQMJDB QPS FM IJTUPHSBNB "MH B 5BNQPDP TF EFTEJ±FO MPT SFTVMUBEPT PCUFOJEPT DPO F 08" MB WFSTJ³O C BVORVF OP TPO UBO CVFOPT 4JMMB "MH B "MH C .FEJB 08" 08" #MPRVFT "MH B "MH C .FEJB 08" 08" &OHSBOBKF "MH B "MH C .FEJB 08" 08" -FUSBT "MH B "MH C .FEJB 08" 08" 4PNCSB "MH B "MH C .FEJB 08" 08" 5BCMB 6NCSBMFT QBSB DBEB JNBHFO DPO FM BMHPSJUNP B USBW©T MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF 08" &O FM DBTP EF MBT JN¡HFOFT DPO SVJEP MB UFOEFODJB FT FYBDUBNFOUF MB NJTNB $PNP IB PDVSSJEP FO UPEPT MPT FYQFSJNFOUPT OP TF EJMVZF FM SVJEP ZB RVF DPO VO VNCSBM FTUF OP $BQ­UVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO BHSFHBOEP DPO GVODJPOFT 08" 4JMMB .FEJB 08" 08" .FEJB 08" 08" .FEJB 08" 08" .FEJB 08" 08" .FEJB 08" 08" "MH B "MH C #MPRVFT "MH B "MH C &OHSBOBKF "MH B "MH C -FUSBT "MH B "MH C 4PNCSB "MH B "MH C 5BCMB 3FTVMUBEPT HS¡DPT QBSB FM BMHPSJUNP DPO MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF 08" &YQFSJNFOUPT Z SFTVMUBEPT DPO GVODJPOFT EF BHSFHBDJ³O 08" QVFEF EFTBQBSFDFS &TUP TF TF NVZ DMBSP FO FM SVJEP JNQVMTJWP 4F TPMVDJPOBS­B DPO VO MUSP 3 HBVTJBOP "MH B "MH C .FEJB 08" 08" 3 JNQVMTJWP "MH B "MH C .FEJB 08" 08" 3 JNQVMTJWP "MH B "MH C .FEJB 08" 08" 5BCMB 6NCSBMFT QBSB DBEB JNBHFO DPO FM BMHPSJUNP B USBW©T MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF 08" FO JN¡HFOFT DPO SVJEP $BQ­UVMP 4FHNFOUBDJ³O EF JN¡HFOFT DPO BHSFHBOEP DPO GVODJPOFT 08" 3 HBVTJBOP .FEJB 08" 08" .FEJB 08" 08" .FEJB 08" 08" "MH B "MH C 3 JNQVMTJWP "MH B "MH C 3 JNQVMTJWP "MH B "MH C 5BCMB 3FTVMUBEPT HS¡DPT QBSB FM BMHPSJUNP DPO MB BQMJDBDJ³O EF 08" FO JN¡HFOFT DPO SVJEP $BQ­UVMP $PODMVTJPOFT Z M­OFBT EF GVUVSP &O QSJNFS MVHBS DPO SFTQFDUP B MBT GVODJPOFT EF %PNCJ QPEFNPT DPNFOUBS RVF FTUBT QBSFD­BO GVODJPOBS CJFO DPO VOB JNBHFO Z RVF TFS­B EFUFSNJOBOUF FM QBS¡NFUSP ܣTJFOEP EJGFSFOUF QBSB DBEB JNBHFO &TUP QBSFD­B JOEJDBS RVF TFS­B OFDFTBSJP QPEFS FOUSFOBS DPO VO DPOKVOUP EF JN¡HFOFT VO TJTUFNB 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