REPORTED SPEECH - IES Sant Vicent Ferrer

JoséVicente Plá Juan (IES Sant Vicent Ferrer- Algemesí)
REPORTED SPEECH
Toda frase en estilo indirecto debe contener un verbo introductorio, una
partícula de enlace y la frase que se cita.
Ej: He said, "I walk a lot"
He said
(that)
he walked a lot
Verbo introductorio
part. Enlace
oración indirecta
Verbos introductorios.
-
past perfect .......................................
must
.......................................
shall
.......................................
will
.......................................
can
.......................................
may
.......................................
-
Los modales en pasado o condicionales (could, might, would, ought to,
etc) no cambian.
Los modales perfectos (must have, could have, ought to have, etc...) no
cambian.
-
El verbo introductorio depende del tipo de frase que queramos reproducir en
estilo indirecto. Diferenciamos dos tipos de frases:
no cambia
had to
should
would
could
might
3.- De adverbios / expresiones adverbiales.
Now
........................................
immediately / then
Ago
........................................
before / earlier
Today ........................................
that day
Tonight.......................................
that night
Tomorrow ..................................
the next / the following day
Yesterday...................................
the previous day / the day before
Last night ..................................
the previous night / the night before
Next Monday ............................
the following Monday
This week .................................
that week, the same week
This afternoon .........................
that afternoon, the same afternoon
The day before yesterday ........
two days before
The day after tomorrow ...........
in two days' time
1.- Enunciativas: afirmativas o negativas: said, told, seguidos de los
pronombres complemento, etc.
2.- Interrogativas: asked, wanted to know, wondered, inquired, etc.
Cambios morfológicos.
1.- Pronominales
Cambian según el punto de vista del hablante.
Ej:
"I'll send you a card, Sue" (palabras textuales de Ann)
a) Ann told Sue (that) she would send her a card (dicho por alguien más)
b) Ann said / told me (that) she would send me a card (dicho por Sue)
c) I told Sue (that) I would send her a card. (dicho por Ann)
Otros cambios
2.- Tiempos Verbales.
NOTA: No deberás cambiar el tiempo verbal de la frase subordinada cuando
el verbo introductorio esté en presente, pretérito perfecto o futuro.
Ej: Jim says / tells me, "He has read Tony's book and doesn't understand it."
Jim says / tells me (that) he has read Tony's book and doesn't understand it.
 Cambios de lugar
Here ............................................................
there
This
(como pronombre demostrativo).......
that
(como adjetivo) ................................. the
(como pronombre personal complemento...
these ............................................................
those
Sin embargo, cuando el verbo introductorio vaya en pasado, como suele
ocurrir, el tiempo verbal cambia:
- simple present
.............................
simple past
- present progressive
.............................
past progressive
- simple past
............................ past perfect (o simple past)
- past progressive
............................. past perfect progressive
- present perfect
...............................
past perfect
- present perfect progressive............................... past perfect progressive
- past perfect progressive
..............................
no cambia
 Cambios de verbos
Come ..................... go
Bring
...................... take
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JoséVicente Plá Juan (IES Sant Vicent Ferrer- Algemesí)
4.- Oraciones mixtas (oraciones afirmativas / negativas; preguntas +
ordenes; ordenes + oraciones afirm./neg, o todas juntas.)
a) Cada una requiere su verbo introductorio propio.
Ej: “I don’t know the way. Do you?”, he asked.
He asked he didn’t know the way and asked her if she did / if
she knew it.
“Someone’s coming,” he said. “Get behind the screen”.
He said that someone was coming and told me to get behind
the screen.
CÓMO SE PASA DE LENGUAJE DIRECTO A INDIRECTO.
1.- Frases enunciativas: afirmativas o negativas.
Primero se pone el verbo introductorio, con THAT (estilo formal) o sin THAT
(estilo informal), luego los cambios pronominales, de tiempos verbales, de
tiempo y de lugar.
Ej:
He said, "I'm going home."
He said (that) he was gong home
"I don't like tea", he told me.
He told me (that) he didn't like tea.
Verbos introductorios son: say, tell (+ objeto), explain, suggest, insist (on)
promise, warn, admit, agree, remind, claim, complain, reply.
b) A veces, cuando la última oración es una frase afirmativa o negativa
que ayuda a explicar la primera, podemos usar AS en lugar de un
segundo verbo introductorio.
Ej:
You’d better wear a coat. It’s very cold out,” he said.
You advised me to wear a coat as it was very cold out.
2.- Frases interrogativas.
a) Las que empiecen por WH- (what, where, who, how, whose y sus
compuestos) Primero se pone el verbo introductorio,(nombre o
pronombre complemento), la partícula interrogativa correspondiente y
luego como en las frases enunciativas.
Ej:
c) A veces, el segundo verbo introductorio puede ser un participio.
Ej:
“Please, don’t drink too much! Remember that you’ll
have to drive home,” she said.
She begged him not to drink too much, reminding him
that he’d have to drive home.
She asked (us), "When did you go there?"
She asked (us) when we had gone there.
b) Las que no empiecen por WH- (verbos auxiliares: be, have, do/does/did y
modales) Primero se pone el verbo introductorio, (nombre o pronombre
complemento), IF / WHETHER, y luego como en las frases enunciativas.
5.- Exclamaciones y YES/NO.
a) Las exclamaciones normalmente se convierten en frases afirmativas o
negativas en estilo indirecto. El signo de exclamación desaparece.
Ej: She asked (me), “Are you hungry?”
She asked (me) if / whether I was hungry.
“Have you seen John recently?
She wanted to know if / whether I had seen John recently.
“Did you study for the exam?”, she wondered.
She wondered if/whether I had studied for the exam.
a.1.- Exclamaciones que empiezan por:
What (a) ....
o
How .......
van a pasar a expresiones del tipo
“explain / say that”
Ej: He said, “What a dreadful idea!” / “How dreadful idea!”
He exclaimed / he said that it was a dreadful idea.
a.2.- Give an exclamation of delight,disgust, horror, relief, surprise, etc.
3.- Órdenes.
En el estilo directo utilizamos siempre el imperativo para indicar una
orden. En el estilo indirecto, empleamos la siguiente estructura:
Sujeto + verbo introductorio + objeto + To + infinitivo.
Ej: He said to Jack, “Open the door, please.”
He told Jack to open the door.
He said to me, “Don’t talk”.
-----He told me not to talk.
a.3.- With an exclamation of delight, disgust, horror, relief, surprise, etc, + he,
she, etc. + verbo.
a.4.- Otros tipos de exclamación, tales como Good!, Marvellous!, Heavens!
Oh! Ugh!, se pasan como en el apartado a.2 y a.3 de arriba.
Ej:
“Good!” he exclaimed.
He gave an exclamation of pleasure.
Verbos introductorios son: tell, ask, advise, warn, order, command, etc.
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JoséVicente Plá Juan (IES Sant Vicent Ferrer- Algemesí)
d) Verb + (THAT) + verb in the past.
Add, answer, ask, exclaim, state, etc.
Ej:
They added (that) they bought it in England.
a.5.- Fíjate también en:
Ej:
He said, “Thank you!”
He thanked me.
He said, “Curse this fog!”
He cursed the fog.
He said, “Good luck!”
He wished me luck.
He said, “Liar!”
He called me a liar.
He said, “Damn!”
He swore
b)
e) Verb + gerund.
Apologise for, insist on, suggest, etc.
Ej:
John apologised for being so rude.
YES and NO se expresan en estilo indirecto con el sujeto + el verbo
auxiliar apropiado.
Ej: He said, “Can you swim?” and I said “No”.
He asked (me) if I could swim and I said I couldn’t.
He said, “Will you have time to do it”, and I said “Yes”.
He asked if I would have time to do it and I said that I would.
f) Verb + THAT + subject + SHOULD + infinitive.
Should debe usarse cuando queremos expresar la idea de que algo debe ser
hecho, o es importante. Va con verbos como:
Advise, ask, demand, insit, order, etc.
Ej:
She advised that I should work harder this term.
6.- otras formas de expresar el lenguaje indirecto.
EXERCISES
Enunciativas (afirmativas y negativas).
El estilo indirecto normalmente ocurre en párrafos contínuos de
lenguaje indirecto, no en frases sueltas. Para unirlas, usamos frases como:
She went on to say, he continued, he added that, etc. También usamos
verbos que introducen estilo indirecto como: they invited, she remarked, etc.
No debemos aplicar las reglas mecánicamente cuando pasamos a
estilo indirecto; tenemos que interpretar lo que oímos o leemos, así que a
menudo usamos verbos como exclaim, insist, suggest, etc.
Las contestaciones de SI/NO
y los adverbios como WELL
desaparecen cuando los pasamos a estilo indirecto.
Lo daremos en forma de estructuras para que resulte más fácil para
el estudiante.
a) Verb + object + (not) + to.
Advise, ask, command, demand, invite, order, remind, request, tell, warn, etc.
Ej:
He advised me to go to bed early.
He ordered me not to smoke in there.
1.- “I’m very tired,” Carmen said.
2.- “My husband hasn’t cleaned the room,” Mrs Smith said.
3.- “You don’t look well,” my friend told me.
4.- “I’ll see you tomorrow,” said Graham.
5.- “I’m leaving this afternoon, Ron,” said Tim.
6.- I lost my lighter last night, Michael,” said Chris.
7.- “The Times is not a Government newspaper, “ the writer said.
b) Verb + (not) + to.
Agree, promise, offer, refuse, threaten, etc.
Ej:
She agreed to come with me.
She promised not to tell anyone.
8.- My husband said, “John was appointed chairman at Christmas.”
9.- “The doctor will prescribe tablets if your head aches,” she said
10.- John said to me, “These flowers are beautiful.”
c) Verb + (nombre o pronombre complemento)
Greet, interrupt, introduce, thank, welcome, etc.
Ej:
She introduced me to her friends.
11.- Helen to Jane, “I bought you this car today.”
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JoséVicente Plá Juan (IES Sant Vicent Ferrer- Algemesí)
12.- “It will probably snow later in the day,” the forecast said.
12.- ' Nothing grows in my garden. It never gets any sun,' she said.
13.- “I didn’t see the car in front,” the man said.
13.- ' I'm going away tomorrow, mother,' he said.
14.- “We’re hungry,” they said.
14.- ' I've been in London for a month but so far I haven't had time to visit the
Tower,' said Rupert.
15.- “I don’t really want to play tennis,” Danny told me.
15.- ' It isn't so foggy today as it was yesterday,' I remarked.
16.- "Michelle is working in her room," Mrs Black said.
16.- ' The new underpass is being officially opened the day after tomorrow,'
said the BBC announcer.
17.- "Brenda has gone to the theatre," Mick told Bill
18.- "I'll see you later," Larry told Mary.
17.- ' We have moved into our new flat. We don't like nearly so much as our
last one,' said my aunt.
19.- "I can't take a message right now," the secretary said.
18.- ' We have a lift but very often it doesn't work,' they said.
20.- I took three hours to get here because the roads are flooded," he told me
19.- ' From one of the windows of my flat I can see the Eiffel Tower,' said my
friend.
A) WRITE THESE SENTENCES IN REPORTED SPEECH.
B) WRITE THESE QUESTIONS IN REPORTED SPEECH.
1.- 'Do you like Marlon Brando ?,' she asked.
1.- ' I'll see you tomorrow, ' she said.
2.- 'I saw her today,' he said.
2.- 'Are you enjoying yourself ?,' he asked.
3.- ' I don't like this film,' she said.
3.- 'Does your father work here ?,' she asked her.
4.- He said, ' We went swimming today.'
4.- 'Are you a foreigner ?,' he asked me.
5.- ' I met her about three months ago,' he said.
5.- 'Have you finished your exams ?, they asked us.
6.- ' Pete and Sue are getting married tomorrow,' she said.
6.- 'Did you invite Pete and Judith?,' I asked him.
7.- 'I haven't read these books yet,' he said.
7.- 'Did they tell you when they were leaving ?,' she asked.
8.- ' I was driving my car yesterday,' she said.
8.- 'Can you come to my party ?,' he asked her.
9.- 'I can see you tomorrow,' he said yesterday.
9.- 'Were you playing with my computer ?,' she asked us.
10.- ' I didn't drive home after the party, I was too drunk,' she said.
10.-' Is my father living in London?,' she asked my mother.
11.- 'I have something to show you', I said to her.
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JoséVicente Plá Juan (IES Sant Vicent Ferrer- Algemesí)
C) INTERROGATIVAS CON IF.
1.- "Does this car belong to you?" a policeman told me.
D) WRITE THESE WH-QUESTIONS IN REPORTED SPEECH.
1.- 'What's your name ?,' he asked me.
2.- "Do you really want to buy this magazine?" her friend asked her.
2.- 'How old is your father ?,' my teacher asked him.
3.- "Was the train late?" she asked him.
3.- 'When does the train leave ?,' I asked.
4.- "Is he American or English?" he wanted to know.
4.- 'Who did you see at the meeting?,' my mother asked her.
5.- "Can you lend me ten pounds?" I asked him.
5.- 'Why did you take my wallet?,' she asked me.
6.- "May I use your telephone?" she asked him.
6.- 'How did you get to school?,' the boy asked Mary.
7.- Do you like English cheese?" she asked us.
7.- 'What time does the plane arrive?,' they asked the manager.
8.- He said, "Is John here?"
8.- 'Why are you so late?,' my teacher asked me.
9.- She said, "Do you want any dinner or not?
9.- 'Where did you go in Japan?,' I asked my father.
10.- "Did he tell you?”, she told him.
10.- 'What are you doing with our books?,' they asked us.
11.- "Have you been to England before?" he asked me.
11.- 'Why are you looking through the keyhole?,' I said.
12.- "Are you going to visit Scotland?" he wanted to know.
12.- 'Who put salt in my coffee?,' he asked.
13.- Susan asked me, "Did you see the film on TV?"
13.- 'Which of you knows how to make Irish coffee?,' said the chief cook.
14.- "Have you ever been to the USA?", the man asked Sue.
14.- 'Why did you travel first class?,' I asked him.
15.- "Can you help me?" the woman asked Bill.
15.- 'How can I possibly run in these high-heeled shoes?,' she inquired.
16.- She asked me, "Does your dog stick his head in cupboards?"
16.- 'What is your new house like?,' I asked them.
17.- The policeman asked, "Is the dog barking now?"
17.- He said, 'Where am I supposed to go now?.'
18.- I asked my mum, "Will I have to clean the hamster's cage tomorrow?"
18.- 'Whose car did you borrow last night?,' I said to him.
19.- "Can I use your phone to make a local call?" she asked me.
19.- 'What was she wearing when you saw her?,' the policeman asked me.
20.- "Do you know where Angela is living?" he asked me.
20.- 'Who owns this revolver?,' said the detective.
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JoséVicente Plá Juan (IES Sant Vicent Ferrer- Algemesí)
E) PUT THE SENTENCES INTO REPORTED SPEECH: COMMANDS.
1.- He said, 'Get out of my way.'
MIXTURE
1.- My father said “I’ve done the shopping and I’ll be home at 7.”
2.- 'Climb in through the window,' he ordered.
2.- The sergeant said “Don’t move from here!”.
3.- 'Please pay at the desk?,' said the assistant to me.
3.- My mother asked me “Are you going to the same school as my daughter?”.
4.- 'Open your bag, please,' said the store detective to my sister.
4.- She said “My sister doesn’t know how to discuss with our parents.”
5.- 'Don't worry about anything, Mrs Pitt,' said her lawyer.
5.- The policeman asked me “Why were you carrying that bag yesterday?”.
6.- 'Don't use bent coins in a slot machine,' I advised him.
6.- The soldier said “My friends didn’t know where I was.”
7.- 'Follow that car,' the detective said to the taxi-driver.
7.- My sister said “Get out of my room, Beth”.
8.- 'Wash it in lukewarm water,' recommended the assistant.
8.- They asked us “Can you lend us your ball?”.
9.- 'Have confidence in me,' said the doctor to me.
9.- My teacher said “Sit down and start the exam, please”.
10.- 'Take me up to the 33rd floor,' he said to the liftman.
10.- His mother asked her “Where have your parents done with my tickets?”.
11.- 'Read the notice about life-saving equipment,' advised the airhostess.
1.- Mary said, “This is the most beautiful picture I have in my house.”
12.- 'Always cook with butter,' said her mother, 'never use margarine.'
2.- “Why are you laughing?”, she said to me.
13.- 'Don't argue with your father,' I said to my boyfriend.
3.- The General said, “Clean your guns!”.
14.- 'Wait for me at the bridge,' said the young man to the lady.
4.- “The dog has stolen your sandwich,” Peter said to Mary.
15.- 'Don't eat too much fat,' I advised Peter.
5.- “When is your sister leaving to England?”, he said to her.
6.- The instructor said to John, “Don’t swim too far.”
16.- 'Don't say anything to make me angry,' my father said to my brother.
7.- “I have no idea what they are talking about”, she said.
17.- 'Don't forget to feed the fish,' Mary said to her husband.
8.- “Have you read this book?”, she told me.
18.- 'Get your dog a bigger basket,' he said to me.
9.- The police said to me, “Come with me to the police station, please.”
19.- 'Write to me as much as you can,' Said his wife.
10.- “My friend paid you $20 for your books,” she told him.
20.- 'Put your pistol on the table,' the policeman said to the girl.
11.- “Don’t speak in the exam!”, the teacher said to his students.
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JoséVicente Plá Juan (IES Sant Vicent Ferrer- Algemesí)
12.- “We are studying hard for the next week’s test,” said the students.
32.- “Be polite to our guests” my parents said to me.
13.- The teacher said, “Don’t write in your book, Peter.”
33.- “Where is your father working?” Peter asked Mary.
14.- “Is this the book you lent me?,” she told me.
34.- “I can’t help you”, Anna said.
15.- Peter said, “Come here, please.”
35.- “The Mozart Company has often visited our town”, my cousins said to me.
16.- “I will post this letter for you,” said Robert.
36.- “We must pay the telephone bill this month”, she said.
17.- “Are you going out with my sister?,” he told me.
37.- “Does the U.S.A have a written constitution?” he said.
18.- This is the best film I have ever seen,” said Jane.
38.- “Have they studied Byron’s poetry?” he said.
19.- “Don’t hit my dog!,” she said.
39.- “I want you to take these books to the library tomorrow”, she told her son.
20.- “Where does your brother live?,” she told him.
40.- “I can’t help you,” Anna said.
21.- “I visited your mother yesterday,” she said to me.
41.- “The students have been studying Robert Frost’s poetry,” she said.
22.- She told her, “Write to me as soon as possible.”
42.- “Haven’t you ever used a word processor before?” he wanted to know.
23.- “I don't know what to do with all my papers on my table”, she said.
43.- “Does the United States have a written constitution?” he asked.
24.- “We like working on Sundays because we get double pay,” explained the
workers.
44.- “Do people still play cricket?” we wondered.
45.- “Did you hear the news last night?” he asked.
25.- “ You've got my umbrella and yours is in your bedroom,” I said.
26.- “Do you like Marlon Brando ?,” she said to Peter.
46.- “Who was playing the piano just now?” he asked.
47.- “What have you prepared for our meeting?” she asked him.
27.- “Are you enjoying yourself ?,” he told her.
48.- “Which hotel do you think is best?” she enquired.
28.- “My father lives in London but now I’m staying with my aunt”, she said to me.
49.- “Where will you be next Sunday at four o’clock?” he asked.
29.- “I have sent the postcards to your friends at last”, my daughter said to me.
50.- “Don’t worry!” I said to her.
30.- “Don’t speak in the exam”, the teacher said to the students.
51.- “Take the books to the library!” she said to the pupil.
31.- “Why didn’t you feed the dog yesterday?” my mother said.
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