rendimiento laboral

Anuncio
Claves para mejorar el
rendimiento laboral
en las empresas
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 2
Tabla de contenidos
34 567 (6'% )8 $&"19:'.;.181 (* <6$8=8> <9&"$8 ? <6'81"6 @*.1"6
A4 2*'&"19::.B* 8) &(*1.#.(*'" )8C"&8)4 DE9F (6G
H4 <;8)98:.B* 1() &(*1.#.(*'" )8C"&8)
I4 J.6'(#8 ? #F'"1"6 1( (;8)98:.B* 1() &(*1.#.(*'"
K4 L8:'"&(6 M9( 8N(:'8* 8) &(*1.#.(*'"
O4 P"'.;8:.B* )8C"&8)4 ,("&786 ? 'F:*.:86 1( #"'.;8:.B*
Q4 !).#8 "&R8*.S8:."*8) ? $89'86 $8&8 )8 #"'.;8:.B* )8C"&8)
T4 U(6'.B* $"& :"#$('(*:.864 VC).R8:."*(6 1( )86 (#$&(686 $8&8 #(W"&8& ()
&(*1.#.(*'"
X4 !"*6(W"6 ? C9(*86 $&%:'.:86 $8&8 #(W"&8& () &(*1.#.(*'" )8C"&8)
3Y4 J.6'(#86 1( &(:"#$(*68> &('&.C9:.B* ? $8R"6
334 Z(6$.1" $"& C8W" &(*1.#.(*'" )8C"&8)4 2*;(&6.B* &(8).S818 (* :8$.'8) [9#8*"
3A4 !"*:)96."*(6
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 3
1. Así está la productividad en
España, Europa y Estados Unidos
4%56, %" 78,9+()% 3:23 ;<,-#=.>, ??@AB8$.% &+0(% !(%=.).%,/+ C =+)'%/./.$.-#-D E&'#F#
/.%,% GHIJ '<,/+& %, =<#,/+ # '(+-<=/.$.-#- '+( K+(# /(#0#*#-#I "%*+& -% A"%)#,.# LHMI2N C
"# E<(+O+,# LMJIPNQ
R+& -#/+& K#0"#, '+( &S ).&)+& C ,+& -%*#, %, %$.-%,=.#T ,<%&/(+ (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" +
'(+-<=/.$.-#- %& )U& 0#*# V<% "# -% +/(+& '#S&%& %<(+'%+& C /#)0.W, %& .,9%(.+( # "# -%
E&/#-+& X,.-+&I # '%&#( -% V<% "+& %&'#F+"%& &+)+& <,+ -% "+& '#S&%& V<% )U& K+(#&
'#&#)+& -%,/(+ -% "# +9.=.,#Q 4+"#)%,/% Y+(/<5#" C Y+"+,.# #"=#,O#, =<+/#& -%
'(+-<=/.$.-#- .,9%(.+(%& # "#& ,<%&/(#&Q
E&/# (%#".-#- %& "# =+,&%=<%,=.# -% "# =(%%,=.# V<% /(#-.=.+,#")%,/% #&+=.#0# <,#
*+(,#-# "#0+(#" )U& %Z/%,&# # <, )#C+( (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#"Q 4., %)0#(5+I %&/U
=+)'(+0#-+ V<% %Z.&/% <,# (%"#=.>, ,%5#/.$# %,/(% K+(#& C '(+-<=/.$.-#- C# V<%I
/(#0#*#,-+ )U& K+(#&I &% 7/.%,-% # -.&).,<.( %" #'(+$%=K#).%,/+ V<% &% K#=% -% =#-# <,#
-% %""#&7I C # )<"/.'".=#( %" /.%)'+ %, V<% &% %&/U %, "# +9.=.,# &., (%,-.( "+ &<9.=.%,/%Q
Y+( "+ /#,/+ ,+ %& <,# =<%&/.>, -% K+(#& -% '%()#,%,=.# %, %" '<%&/+ -% /(#0#*+I &.,+ -%
#'(+$%=K#).%,/+ -%" /.%)'+ C -% =#".-#- -% "# #=/.$.-#- (%#".O#-#I V<% &+, "+& -+&
9#=/+(%& V<% .,=.-%, %, <, (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" '+&./.$+Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 [
Disminuyen las horas trabajadas por jornada, también
en España
4%56, -#/+& -%" 8,&/./</ \#/.+,#" -% "# 4/#&/.&/.V<% %/ -%& ]/<-%& ]=+,+).V<%& L8\4EEN C
-% "# ^!_EI %, E&'#F# &% /(#0#*#, <,# )%-.# -% 2MH: K+(#& #" #F+I <,# =.9(# &>"+
&<'%(#-# '+( `#'>, L2MP: K+(#&NI E&/#-+& X,.-+& L2H:: K+(#&N C !+(%# -%" 4<( L32::
K+(#&NQ E, =#)0.+I "#& K+(#& #,<#"%& /(#0#*#-#& %, +/(+& '#S&%& %<(+'%+& &+,T
a
b%.,+ X,.-+T 2G[: K+(#&
a
4<%=.#T 2G:: K+(#&
a
8/#".#T 2JG: K+(#&
a
;(#,=.#T 2Jc: K+(#&
a
A"%)#,.#T 2c2: K+(#&
a
d+"#,-#T 2[P: K+(#&
E, "+& 6"/.)+& &%&%,/# #F+&I "#& K+(#& /(#0#*#-#& -<(#,/% "# *+(,#-# &% K#, (%-<=.-+ %,
/+-+& "+& '#S&%& -%&#((+""#-+&I #<,V<% %, E&'#F# %&/# -.&).,<=.>, K# &.-+ )<=K+ )%,+&
&.5,.9.=#/.$#Q
E&'#F# %&/U #$#,O#,-+ %, )#/%(.# -% '(+-<=/.$.-#- C (%-<==.>, K+(#(.# '%(+ &<& "+5(+&
/+-#$S# %&/U, "%*+& -% "#& =.9(#& #"=#,O#-#& '+( +/(+& '#S&%& -%&#((+""#-+&Q 4%5<.)+& # "#
=#0%O# -% K+(#& /(#0#*#-#& #" #F+ %, E<(+'#I ).%,/(#& V<% "+& .,9+()%& -%)<%&/(#, V<%
%, "+& 6"/.)+& &%&%,/# #F+& "# *+(,#-# "#0+(#" %, ,<%&/(+ '#S& &>"+ &% K# (%-<=.-+ %, <,
2[eI =<#,-+ "# )%-.# -% "+& '#S&%& -%&#((+""#-+& %&/U %, %" 3JeQ
España y la Unión Europea por detrás de Estados
Unidos en productividad
4. /+)#)+& E&/#-+& X,.-+& =+)+ (%9%(%,=.#I '+-%)+& =+)'(+0#( V<% ,+ &>"+ %, E&'#F#
$#)+& #/(#&#-+&I &.,+ V<% "+& #)%(.=#,+& &<'%(#, %, '(+-<=/.$.-#- # /+-# "# X,.>,
E<(+'%# L%, '(+)%-.+ C /#)0.W, -% )#,%(# .,-.$.-<#" # =#-# <,+ -% &<& E&/#-+&
).%)0(+&NQ X, %&/<-.+ -%" ;f8 &+0(% "#& -.9%(%,=.#& -% (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %,/(% "# X,.>,
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 c
E<(+'%# C E&/#-+& X,.-+& -%)<%&/(# V<% %" =+,/.,%,/% %<(+'%+ /+-#$S# &% V<%-# #/(U&Q
!+)+ )<%&/(# %" 5(U9.=+ -% "# -%(%=K#I "# '(+-<=/.$.-#- -% "+& '#S&%& -%" &<( -% E<(+'# #
"+ "#(5+ -% "+& #F+& K# &.-+ &.%)'(% .,9%(.+( # "# )%-.# %<(+'%#Q R# -.9%(%,=.# -%
)%,/#".-#- %,/(% %" \+(/% C %" 4<( -% E<(+'# &% K#=% %$.-%,/% %, #&'%=/+& =+)+ "#&
K+(#& %Z/(#Q
f.%,/(#& V<% #V<S %, E&'#F# /(#0#*#( )<=K#& K+(#& % .,="<&+ K#=%( K+(#& %Z/(# %&/U 0.%,
$.&/+ '+( )#,#5%(& C (%&'+,&#0"%&I %, '#S&%& =+)+ \+(<%5#I _.,#)#(=# + A"%)#,.#I
%&/U )#" =+,&.-%(#-+ C# V<% &% %,/.%,-% V<% %" /(#0#*#-+( K# &.-+ .,=#'#O -% (%#".O#( &<&
/#(%#& %, %" /.%)'+ V<% &% =+,&.-%(# %&/#0"%=.-+ '#(# %""+Q
Aumentar la productividad pasa por un cambio de
mentalidad urgente
R# '(+-<=/.$.-#- ,+ -%'%,-% -%" ,6)%(+ -% K+(#& /(#0#*#-#&I &.,+ -% =>)+ &% K#,
</.".O#-+ %&#& K+(#& C -%" '#(/.-+ V<% &% "%& K# &#=#-+Q E&/#)+& K#0"#,-+ -% "#
+(5#,.O#=.>, %9.=.%,/% -%" /(#0#*+ C -% "# =#'#=.-#- C (%&'+,&#0.".-#- -%" /(#0#*#-+(Q
E, ,<%&/(+ '#S& K%)+& .-+ %$+"<=.+,#,-+ K#=.# <, )+-%"+ 0#&#-+ %, "# =#,/.-#-I %,
$+"<)%,Q E&/+ %& <, 5(#$% %((+( C# V<%I '#(# )%-.( "# '(+-<=/.$.-#- + -% (%,-.).%,/+
"#0+(#"I ,+ K#C V<% 9.*#(&% 6,.=#)%,/% %, "+& (%&<"/#-+& %, =<#,/+ # "# =#,/.-#- + "#
=+,&%=<=.>, -% +0*%/.$+&Q E&+ %& )%-.( "# g'(+-<==.>,hI C ,+ %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#"Q R#
'(+-<=/.$.-#- -%'%,-% -% )<=K+& +/(+& #&'%=/+&I )U& -.9S=."%& -% =<#,/.9.=#( '%(+ =+,
<,# .,=.-%,=.# -%=.&.$# %, %" (%,-.).%,/+ .,-.$.-<#"Q ;#=/+(%& =+)+ "# &#/.&9#==.>,I "#
)+/.$#=.>,I %" =".)# +(5#,.O#=.+,#"I "#& =+,-.=.+,%& K.5.W,.=#&I %" (%=+,+=.).%,/+ + %"
#)0.%,/% -% /(#0#*+Q
4<'%(#(,+& C #"=#,O#( # '#S&%& =+, )%-.#& -% '(+-<=/.$.-#- )U& %"%$#-#& %& '+&.0"%I
'%(+ (%V<.%(% <, =#)0.+ -% )%,/#".-#- <(5%,/% C <,# =+((%=/# +(5#,.O#=.>, -%" /(#0#*+ %,
=#-# '<%&/+Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 J
2. Introducción al rendimiento
laboral. ¿Qué es?
E& 9(%=<%,/% =+)'#(#( -#/+& %,/(% E&'#F#I E<(+'# C E&/#-+& X,.-+& #" +S( K#0"#( -%
'(+-<=/.$.-#-I -% K+(#& /(#0#*#-#&I -% -<(#=.>, -% "# *+(,#-#I '%(+ iV<W /.%,%, /+-#&
%&/#& $#(.#0"%& V<% $%( =+, %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#"j iY+-(S# K#0"#(&% -% %V<.$#"%,=.#& %,
#"5<,+& =#&+&j iY<%-%, -#(&% <,#& &., "#& +/(#&j
4%56, "# b%#" A=#-%).# E&'#F+"#I %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" + '(+-<=/.$.-#- %& "# (%"#=.>,
%Z.&/%,/% %,/(% "+ '(+-<=.-+ C "+& )%-.+& %)'"%#-+&I /#"%& =+)+ )#,+ -% +0(#I
)#/%(.#"%&I %,%(5S#I %/=Q 4., %)0#(5+I %&/# ,+ %& "# 6,.=# -%9.,.=.>, -% %&/+& /W().,+&I
%Z.&/%, +/(#& <, '+=+ )U& %&'%=S9.=#&T
B !+)+ "# (%"#=.>, %,/(% "+& (%&<"/#-+& C %" /.%)'+ </.".O#-+ '#(# +0/%,%("+&T #&SI =<#,/+
)%,+( &%# %" /.%)'+ V<% ""%$% +0/%,%( %" (%&<"/#-+ -%&%#-+I )U& '(+-<=/.$+ %& %"
&.&/%)#Q
B ^ %" .,-.=#-+( -% %9.=.%,=.# V<% (%"#=.+,# "# =#,/.-#- -% (%=<(&+& </.".O#-+& =+, "#
=#,/.-#- -% '(+-<==.>, +0/%,.-#Q
B E, %" )<,-+ %)'(%&#(.#"I "# '(+-<=/.$.-#- $%,-(S# -#-# '+( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#"I V<%
%& "# (%"#=.>, %,/(% "+& +0*%/.$+&k)%/#&k/#(%#& #"=#,O#-#& C %" /.%)'+ L%, K+(#& /(#0#*#-#&
-% =#".-#-N V<% &% K#, ,%=%&./#-+ '#(# "+5(#("+; /%,.%,-+ %, =<%,/# V<% "# $#(.#0"% )U&
.)'+(/#,/% &+, "#& '%(&+,#&; %& -%=.(I "+& (%=<(&+& K<)#,+&I V<% &+, "+& %,=#(5#-+& -%
%*%=</#( "#& 9<,=.+,%& '(+'.#& -% <, =#(5+ + /(#0#*+Q
El rendimiento laboral en la empresa
E,/+,=%&I i'+( V<W "#& %)'(%&#& ,+ /.%,%, <, (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" >'/.)+j Y<%-% &%(
'+(V<% &<& (%=<(&+& ,+ %&/U, +'/.).O#-+&I C# &%# # ,.$%" -% '%(&+,#& + # ,.$%" -%
.,5(%&+&Q 4., %)0#(5+I #<,V<% %" '(.)%( 9#=/+( '<%-% (%&<"/#( -.9S=." -% )%-.( +
=<#,/.9.=#(I %& %" (%=<(&+ )U& .)'+(/#,/% '#(# "#& %)'(%&#& CI '+( %Z/%,&.>,I %" V<% )U&
&% /.%,% V<% =<.-#(Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 G
E, 0#&% # ,<%&/(# %Z'%(.%,=.#I '+-%)+& #9.()#( V<% %Z.&/% <,# 9>()<"# &%,=.""# V<% -%
9+()# )<C #=%(/#-# (%&<)% %" =+,=%'/+ -% (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" + '(+-<=/.$.-#-T
4l.""& m ;+=<& m 4/(#/%5C n Y(+-<=/.$./C
L!#'#=.-#- m ;+=+ m E&/(#/%5.# n Y(+-<=/.$.-#-N
E&/# 9>()<"# &% -%&#((+""# %, 0#&% # /(%& $#(.#0"%&T =#'#=.-#-I 9+=+ C %&/(#/%5.#I V<%
#(/.=<"#, "# =#'#=.-#- -% '(+-<==.>, C %" )+-+ -% +'/.).O#( "+& (%=<(&+& -.&'+,.0"%&Q 4+,
%&+& %"%)%,/+& V<%I =+)0.,#-+& #=%(/#-#)%,/%I '<%-%, "+5(#( V<% &% +0/%,5#, )U& C
)%*+(%& (%&<"/#-+&Q
\+ K#C V<% '%(-%( -% $.&/# V<%I &.)'".9.=#,-+I %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %& <, (#/.+ V<%
(%"#=.+,# %" =+&/% -% "+& (%=<(&+& C "+& (%&<"/#-+& + '(+-<==.>,Q o '+( %&+I %" %((+( )U&
9(%=<%,/% %& )%-.( &>"+ %" '(+-<=/+ 9.,#"I "# =+,&%=<=.>, -% +0*%/.$+&I + "+ V<% %& "+
).&)+I )%-.( "# '(+-<==.>, L,p K+(#& /(#0#*#-#& Z ,p /(#0#*#-+(%&NI C ,+ "# '(+-<=/.$.-#-Q
Aumentar el
rentabilidad
rendimiento
implica
aumentar
la
E" 6,.=+ =#).,+ '#(# V<% <,# %)'(%&# '<%-# =(%=%( C #<)%,/#( &< (%,/#0.".-#- %&T
B A<)%,/#,-+ &< (%,-.).%,/+ + '(+-<=/.$.-#-Q
B Y#(# "+ V<% %& ,%=%&#(.+ )%-.( C #,#".O#(Q
B ^0/%,.%,-+ -#/+& V<% '%()./#, =+,+=%( "# &./<#=.>, -% "# %)'(%&# C &< '(+C%==.>,
9</<(#Q
E& .)'+(/#,/% &%F#"#( V<% %& .)'(%&=.,-.0"% V<% %&/% #,U".&.& -%" (%,-.).%,/+ &% '(#=/.V<%
-%&-% "# >'/.=# -% "# =#".-#- %, "#& K+(#& /(#0#*#-#&I %, $%O -% 0#&#(&% %, =(./%(.+& -%
=#,/.-#- '+(V<%I =+)+ %& ">5.=+I ,. /+-#& "#& K+(#& &+, '(+-<=/.$#&I ,. /+-#& &+, .5<#" -%
'(+-<=/.$#&Q E& -%=.(I V<% K#C V<% /%,%( %, =<%,/# "# %9.=.%,=.# -% "# '(+-<=/.$.-#- C ,+
&>"+ "# =#,/.-#- V<% &% '(+-<=%Q
E" '(+0"%)# %& V<% "# )#C+(S# -% %)'(%&#& &% +0&%&.+,#, =+, %" $+"<)%, C =#,/.-#-Q A
"# K+(# -% )%-.( "# '(+-<=/.$.-#- C 9<,=.+,#).%,/+ -% "# +(5#,.O#=.>,I -%*#, -% "#-+ "+&
.,-.=#-+(%& -% '(+-<=/.$.-#- =<#"./#/.$+&Q E&/+ %& <, %((+( V<% /%().,# '+( #<)%,/#( "#&
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 M
-%&$.#=.+,%& C #"%*#( # "# +(5#,.O#=.>, -% "# =+,&%=<=.>, -% &<& +0*%/.$+&I .)'.-.%,-+ V<%
'<%-# '(+5(%&#( C =(%=%( #-%=<#-#)%,/%Q Y#(# %$./#( %&/% /.'+ -% &./<#=.+,%& ,#-#
-%&%#0"%&I &% -%0% 0<&=#( <, %V<.".0(.+ %,/(% =#,/.-#- C =#".-#-I '+(V<% K#0(U $#"+(%&
)U& =<#,/./#/.$+& C /#)0.W, "+& K#0(U )U& =<#"./#/.$+& C /+-+& K#, -% &%( /%,.-+& %,
=<%,/#Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 H
3. Evaluación del rendimiento
laboral
R#& %)'(%&#& &% %,=<%,/(#, =+, "# ,%=%&.-#- -% -.&'+,%( -% &.&/%)#& %9%=/.$+& -%
%$#"<#=.>, -%" /(#0#*+ V<% (%#".O#, "#& '%(&+,#& '#(# '+-%( (%#".O#( "+& #*<&/%& V<% "%&
'%()./#, "+5(#( &<& +0*%/.$+&Q X,+ -% %&/+& &.&/%)#& %& "# %$#"<#=.>, + &<'%($.&.>, -%"
(%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" -% "+& %)'"%#-+&Q
Evaluación del rendimiento laboral: concepto y
métodos
R# %$#"<#=.>, -%" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" '+-(S# -%9.,.(&% =+)+T
B X, '(+=%&+ &.&/%)U/.=+Q
B _% =#(U=/%( '%(.>-.=+Q
B q<% &.($% '#(# %&/.)#( =<#,/./#/.$# C =<#"./#/.$#)%,/% %" 5(#-+ -% %9.=#=.# C %9.=.%,=.# -%
"#& '%(&+,#& %, %" -%&%)'%F+ -% &<& '<%&/+& -% /(#0#*+Q
B Y+,% -% )#,.9.%&/+ "+& '<,/+& 9<%(/%& C -W0."%& -% =#-# .,-.$.-<+I =+, %" 9., -% #C<-#("%
# )%*+(#(Q
B 4< +0*%/.$+ %& .-%,/.9.=#( "+& #&'%=/+& V<% ,%=%&./#, &%( )%*+(#-+& '#(# %&/#0"%=%(
'"#,%& -% 9+()#=.>,I (%9+(O#( &<& /W=,.=#& -% /(#0#*+ C 5%&/.+,#( %" -%&#((+""+ '(+9%&.+,#"
-% &<& /(#0#*#-+(%&Q
r+-# %$#"<#=.>, %& <, '(+=%&+ '#(# %&/.)<"#( + *<O5#( %" $#"+(I "# %Z=%"%,=.# + "#&
=<#".-#-%& -% #"5<,# '%(&+,# %, %" -%&#((+""+ -% <,#& #==.+,%& + #=/./<-%&Q E, %&/# =#&+I
#C<-#(U /#)0.W, # -%/%().,#( &. "#& =+&#& &% %&/U, K#=.%,-+ -% "# 9+()# =+((%=/# '#(#I
%, =#&+ =+,/(#(.+I -%/%=/#( # /.%)'+ .,%9.=.%,=.#& C =+((%5.("#&Q
R# %$#"<#=.>, -%" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" '<%-% %,/%,-%(&% %, %&/% U)0./+ =+)+ %" =+,*<,/+
-% #=/./<-%& C =+)'+(/#).%,/+ "#0+(#" -% "# '%(&+,# %, %" -%&%)'%F+ -% &< =#(5+ C
=<)'".).%,/+ -% &<& 9<,=.+,%&Q E&/# %$#"<#=.>, -%" (%,-.).%,/+ =+,&/./<C% <,# 9<%,/%
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 P
.)'(%&=.,-.0"% -% .,9+()#=.>, V<% '%()./% )%-.( %" WZ./+ -% "# +(5#,.O#=.>, %)'(%&#(.#"Q
!(%#( 0<%,+& &.&/%)#& -% %$#"<#=.>, -%" (%,-.).%,/+ ,+ %& <,# /#(%# 9U=."Q EZ.&/%, -+&
9+()#& -% )%-.( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#"T
B
E$#"<#,-+ "+& (%&<"/#-+&T %& -%=.(I ).-.%,-+ #V<%""+ V<% &% =+,&.5<%I "+ V<% #"=#,O# +
'(+-<=% %" %)'"%#-+ =+, &< "#0+(Q AV<S "+ .)'+(/#,/% %& "# =#,/.-#- -% +0*%/.$+&
#"=#,O#-+&Q
B
E$#"<#,-+ %" -%&%)'%F+ -% "+& /(#0#*#-+(%&T =+,&.-%(#,-+ "# 9+()# + )+-+ -% #=/<#(
%, %" /(#0#*+Q AV<S "# '%(&+,#".-#- -%" %)'"%#-+ *<%5# <, '#'%" )<C .)'+(/#,/% V<% -%0%
/#)0.W, #,#".O#(&% -%/%,.-#)%,/% C &., '%(-%( "# +0*%/.$.-#-Q
A<,V<%I -.9%(%,/%& %Z'%(/+& %, "# )#/%(.# C =+,&<"/+(%& -% (%=<(&+& K<)#,+&I =+,&.-%(#,
V<% "# &./<#=.>, .-%#" %& =+)0.,#( #)0#& +(.%,/#=.+,%&I "+5(#,-+ <,# %$#"<#=.>, )<=K+
)U& =+)'"%/#Q
Los problemas de la evaluación del rendimiento
4%# =<#" &%# "# +(.%,/#=.>, %"%5.-#I "# %$#"<#=.>, -%" (%,-.).%,/+ %, %" %,/+(,+ "#0+(#"
'<%-% '(%&%,/#( '(+0"%)#& C -#( 9#""+&Q f.%,/(#& V<% "+& '(.)%(+& +0%-%=%,
9<,-#)%,/#")%,/% # "# %"%==.>, -% "+& (%&'+,&#0"%& -% "# %$#"<#=.>,I -% %,/(% "+&
&%5<,-+& '+-(S#, -%&/#=#(&% "+& &.5<.%,/%&I V<% &+, #"5<,+& -% "+& )U& (%=<((%,/%&T
2Q R# %"%==.>, -%" +0*%/+ -% "# %$#"<#=.>,I + "+ V<% &% ).-%T V<%I %, )<=K#& +=#&.+,%&I
,+ %&/U (%"#=.+,#-+ =+, "#& '(.+(.-#-%& %&/(#/W5.=#& -% "# +(5#,.O#=.>,Q Y#(# %$./#( %&/%
9#""+ &% -%0%, 9.*#( "+& +0*%/.$+& .,-.$.-<#"%& %, =+,%Z.>, =+, "+& +0*%/.$+& 5%,%(#"%& -% "#
=+)'#FS#Q
3Q R# 9#"/# -% .)'".=#=.>, -% "# #"/# -.(%==.>, =+, %" &.&/%)# -% %$#"<#=.>,T C# V<%
5%,%(#")%,/% /.%,-% # '%(=.0.( V<% %&/#& #==.+,%& -% &<'%($.&.>, &+, %Z="<&.$#)%,/% -%"
U(%# -% bbddI =<#,-+ ,+ /.%,% '+(V<W &%( #&SQ
[Q R# 9#"/# -% )+/.$#=.>, -% "+& -.(%=/.$+& # "+& V<% &% "%& #&.5,#, %&/#& /#(%#&T V<% #
$%=%& "#& =+,&.-%(#, =+)+ <,# =#(5# V<% #&<)%, =+, =.%(/# (%&.5,#=.>, #" +=<'#("%& <,
$#".+&+ /.%)'+ V<% '(%9%(.(S#, -%-.=#( # &<& 9<,=.+,%& '(.,=.'#"%&Q Y#(# K#=%( 9(%,/% # "#&
-.9.=<"/#-%& V<% '<-.%(#, &<(5.( %, %" '(+=%&+ -% %$#"<#=.>, C &+"$%,/#( "# 9#"/# -%
%&/S)<"+&I %& ,%=%&#(.+ '(+'+(=.+,#("%& <,# 9+()#=.>, %&'%=S9.=# %, "#& K#0.".-#-%&
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 2:
/W=,.=#& C &+=.#"%& ,%=%&#(.#& '#(# (%#".O#( %&/# #=/.$.-#-Q
cQ E" ).%-+ # (%#".O#( $#"+(#=.+,%& ,%5#/.$#&Q R+& -.(%=/.$+& (%K6C%, "+& =+,9".=/+& =+, "#&
'%(&+,#& V<% '<-.%(#, -%(.$#(&% -% "# (%#".O#=.>, -% %$#"<#=.+,%& ,%5#/.$#& CI '+( %&+I
)<=K+& /%().,#, +'/#,-+ '+( ).,.).O#( "#& -.9%(%,=.#& K#=.%,-+ $#"+(#=.+,%& )%-.#& C
-% =#(U=/%( K+)+5W,%+I V<% =#(%=%, -% </.".-#-Q
JQ R# =%,/(#".O#=.>, %Z=%&.$# -% "#& '+"S/.=#& -% (%=<(&+& K<)#,+&T C# V<% "# #=/<#=.>, -%
)#,-+& .,/%()%-.+& + (%&'+,&#0"%& -% '%(&+,#& K#=% )<C -.9S=." "# /+)# -% -%=.&.+,%&
%, )#/%(.#& V<% #9%=/#, #" '%(&+,#" -% "# %)'(%&#Q
R+& )W/+-+& # %)'"%#( &% -%=.-.(U, %, 9<,=.>, -% "#& =#(#=/%(S&/.=#& '#(/.=<"#(%& -% =#-#
,%5+=.+Q R+ .)'+(/#,/% %& V<% K#C# #"5<.%, V<% %$#"6% %" (%,-.).%,/+ C V<% %&/+ &% K#5#
-% 9+()# &.&/%)U/.=#I ,+ 0#&U,-+&% %, "# .,/<.=.>, ,. %, "#& (%"#=.+,%& '%(&+,#"%&Q _% "#
).&)# )#,%(#I K#C V<% -#( # "+& #&'%=/+& =<#"./#/.$+& "# .)'+(/#,=.# V<% /.%,%, C ,+
-%=.-.("+& -% 9+()# #(0./(#(.#I #"5+ +0$.+I '%(+ V<% ,<,=# &<=%-%(S# =+, "# '#(/%
=<#,/./#/.$#Q
^/(+ -% "+& '(+0"%)#& )U& K#0./<#"%& %& "# %"%==.>, -% "+& (%&'+,&#0"%& -% ""%$#( # "#
'(U=/.=# %&/# %$#"<#=.>, %" (%,-.).%,/+Q
_% #=<%(-+ =+, "# '+"S/.=# -% (%=<(&+& K<)#,+& #-+'/#-# '+( "# %)'(%&#I "#
(%&'+,&#0.".-#- %, "# %$#"<#=.>, -% "+& =+"#0+(#-+(%& '<%-% #/(.0<.(&% # -.&/.,/#&
'%(&+,#& #<,V<%I '+( &<'<%&/+I %, 9<,=.>, -% &< /#)#F+I =#(#=/%(S&/.=#& C )+-+ -%
+(5#,.O#=.>, &%(U, <,+& < +/(+& V<.%,%& &% %,=#(5<%,Q s%,%(#")%,/%I "+& #=/+(%& V<%
'<%-%, .,/%($%,.( %, %&/# %$#"<#=.>, &+,T
a E" 5%(%,/%T %, "# )#C+( '#(/% -% "#& +(5#,.O#=.+,%&I %" 5%(%,/% %& (%&'+,&#0"% -%"
-%&%)'%F+ -% &<& &<0+(-.,#-+& C -% &< %$#"<#=.>,Q
a E" '(+'.+ %)'"%#-+T "#& +(5#,.O#=.+,%& )U& -%)+=(U/.=#& '%()./%, V<% &%# %" ).&)+
.,-.$.-<+ V<.%, (%&'+,-# '+( &< -%&%)'%F+ C (%#".=% &< #</+ %$#"<#=.>,; &.%)'(% C
=<#,-+ W&/# &% #*<&/% # "# (%#".-#- C ,+ %&/W -%&$.(/<#-#Q
a E" *%9% -% -%'#(/#)%,/+T %" (%&'+,&#0"% -% <, 5(<'+ + -%'#(/#)%,/+ /#)0.W, '<%-%
%$#"<#( %" -%&%)'%F+ -% =#-# <,+ -% &<& ).%)0(+& C '(+5(#)#( =+, =#-# <,+ -% %""+&
"#& )%-.-#& ,%=%&#(.#& '#(# )%*+(#("+ =#-# $%O )U&Q
a E" -%'#(/#)%,/+ -% bbQddQT %, %&/% =#&+I %" U(%# -% (%=<(&+& K<)#,+& + -% '%(&+,#"I
(%&'+,-% '+( "# %$#"<#=.>, -%" -%&%)'%F+ -% /+-+& "+& ).%)0(+& -% "# +(5#,.O#=.>,Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 22
Y#(# %""+I &% 0#&#, %, #&'%=/+& 5%,W(.=+&I -%0.-+ # V<% %& .)'+&.0"% V<% %,/(%, %, )U&
-%/#""%Q
aX,# =+).&.>, -% %$#"<#=.>,T %, #"5<,#& +(5#,.O#=.+,%&I "# %$#"<#=.>, -%" -%&%)'%F+
=+((%&'+,-% # <, =+)./W + =+).&.>, ,+)0(#-+ '#(# %&/% 9.,I C =+,&/./<.-+ '+(
/(#0#*#-+(%& '%(/%,%=.%,/%& # -.$%(&#& U(%#& + -%'#(/#)%,/+& -% "# =+)'#FS#Q E, %&/%
=#&+ "# %$#"<#=.>, %& =+"%=/.$# C "# (%#".O# <, 5(<'+ -% '%(&+,#&Q
Y#(# ""%$#( # =#0+ <,# 0<%,# %$#"<#=.>, -% (%,-.).%,/+ %& .)'+(/#,/% =+,+=%( '<,/+&
-W0."%& C 9<%(/%& -%" '%(&+,#"I =+,+=%( "# =#".-#- -% =#-# <,+ -% "+& %)'"%#-+& C "#
'(%=.&# -%9.,.=.>, -% &<& 9<,=.+,%& C /#(%#&Q
Gestión del
rendimiento
rendimiento
vs
evaluación
del
E, "+& 6"/.)+& #F+&I "#& /%,-%,=.#& %&/U, )U& +(.%,/#-#& K#=.# "# 5%&/.>, -%" (%,-.).%,/+
V<% K#=.# "# %$#"<#=.>, -%" (%,-.).%,/+Q R# '(.,=.'#" =#(#=/%(S&/.=# -% "# 5%&/.>, =+,&.&/%
%, %$+"<=.+,#( K#=.# <, %,9+V<% V<% #,#".=% C -W .)'+(/#,=.# #" (%,-.).%,/+ -% "#&
'%(&+,#& C ,+ # "# 9+()# -% )%-.("+I %, =+,/(#'+&.=.>, =+, "# %$#"<#=.>,Q
R# 5%&/.>, -%" (%,-.).%,/+ '<%-% &%( $.&/# =+)+ <, '(+=%&+ -% #(/.=<"#=.>, -% "+&
+0*%/.$+& +(5#,.O#/.$+& % .,-.$.-<#"%& '<%&/+ #" &%($.=.+ -% "# %&/(#/%5.# -% "# +(5#,.O#=.>,Q
A&S '<%&I %" (%,-.).%,/+ .,-.$.-<#" -%0% %,/%,-%(&% =+)+ =+,/(.0<=.>, #" (%,-.).%,/+
+(5#,.O#/.$+ 5"+0#" -% "# %)'(%&#Q
R# )%/# V<% &% '(%/%,-% =+,&%5<.( %& (%9"%*#( V<% "+& +0*%/.$+& '%(&+,#"%& + (%,-.).%,/+
-%" .,-.$.-<+ %&/U, S,/.)#)%,/% (%"#=.+,#-+& =+, "+& -% +/(+& -%'#(/#)%,/+& C =+, "+&
5%,%(#"%& -% "# %)'(%&#Q _% %&/% )+-+I "+& %)'"%#-+& %,/.%,-%, V<% %&/U, #" &%($.=.+
-% <, '(+C%=/+ )U& 5(#,-% C V<% &< %&9<%(O+ %&/U (%"#=.+,#-+ =+, "# %&/(#/%5.# 5"+0#" -%
"# =+)'#FS#Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 23
4. Sistema y métodos de
evaluación del rendimiento
E& .)'+(/#,/% &%F#"#( V<% "# %$#"<#=.>, -%" -%&%)'%F+ + -%" (%,-.).%,/+ %& <, '(+=%&+
&.&/%)U/.=+ C '%(.>-.=+ V<% (%V<.%(% V<%I -% 9+()# '(%$.#I &% -%/%().,%, %, =#-# =#&+ "+&
#&'%=/+& # %$#"<#( C %" )+-+ -% K#=%("+I &<&=(.0.%,-+ -.=K#& #==.+,%& # <, '%(.+-+ -%
/.%)'+ ".)./#-+ V<% ,+()#")%,/% %& #,<#" + &%)%&/(#"Q R# %$#"<#=.>, -%" (%,-.).%,/+
'<%-% ""%$#(&% # =#0+ )%-.#,/% -+& )W/+-+&T %" +0*%/.$+ C %" &<0*%/.$+Q
Método objetivo de evaluación del rendimiento
r#)0.W, =+,+=.-+ =+)+ &.&/%)# =<#,/./#/.$+I %& %" %"%5.-+ =<#,-+ %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#"
+ "+& (%&<"/#-+& +0/%,.-+& -%(.$#-+& -%" -%&%)'%F+ &+, '%(9%=/#)%,/% )%-.0"%& '+( "#
+(5#,.O#=.>,Q E*%)'"+ -% %""+ &%(S# %$#"<#( %, 0#&% # -#/+& /#, =+,=(%/+& C 9U=.")%,/%
=<#,/.9.=#0"%& =+)+ %" ,6)%(+ -% ""#)#-#& (%#".O#-#&I '#V<%/%& %,/(%5#-+&I =+,/(#/+&
=%((#-+&I $.&./#& (%#".O#-#&I '.%O#& )+,/#-#&I '#"#0(#& %&=(./#& %, <, #(/S=<"+ %/=Q R#
$%,/#*# -% %&/% )W/+-+ %& V<% "+& -#/+& (%=+5.-+& &+, #=%'/#-+& '+( #)0#& '#(/%&I V<%
#&<)%, &< +0*%/.$.-#- C /(#,&'#(%,=.#Q A"5<,#& -% "#& /W=,.=#& )U& <&#-#& '#(# '+,%(
%, '(U=/.=# %&/% )W/+-+ &+,T
t X,.-#-%& -% )%-.-#T &% </.".O# '(.,=.'#")%,/% %, 9U0(.=#&I =#-%,#& -% )+,/#*% C
%, 5%,%(#" %, =<#"V<.%( /(#0#*+ V<% '<%-# &%( )%-.-+ '+( <,.-#-%& + =#,/.-#-%&Q
E& .)'+(/#,/% &%( *<&/+& %, "# %$#"<#=.>, &.%,-+ ,%=%&#(.+ /%,%( %, =<%,/# C
=+((%5.( "#& -.9%(%,=.#& %, %" #)0.%,/% -% /(#0#*+ C "# -.9.=<"/#- -% "# /#(%# V<%
'<-.%(#, .,=.-.( %, %" (%&<"/#-+ 9.,#"Q Y+( %*%)'"+I ,+ %& "+ ).&)+ %&=(.0.( <, /%Z/+
&.)'"% V<% %&=(.0.( <,+ ""%,+ -% /%=,.=.&)+& C '#"#0(#& )U& .,<&<#"%& C
=+)'".=#-#&Q
t 4.&/%)#& .,9+()U/.=+&T %&/# /W=,.=# &% =%,/(# %, #V<%""#& '%(&+,#& V<% /(#0#*#,
K#0./<#")%,/% =+, <, +(-%,#-+(Q 4+, <, =+,*<,/+ -% #'".=#=.+,%& /%=,+">5.=#& V<%
#,#".O#, "# #=/.$.-#- V<% "+& %)'"%#-+& ""%$#, # =#0+ =+, %" +(-%,#-+(Q R#& )U&
K#0./<#"%& &+,T /.%)'+ -% .,.=.+ C 9., -% #=/.$.-#-I /.%)'+ -%-.=#-+ # "#&
#'".=#=.+,%&I )+,./+(.O#=.>, -% 'U5.,#& u%0&I (./)+ -% /(#0#*+I -%&=#,&+&
/+)#-+&I %/=Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 2[
t _#/+& (%"#=.+,#-+& =+, %" /(#0#*+T %&/% )W/+-+ '%()./% %$#"<#( -#/+& =+)+ ,.$%"
-% #0&%,/.&)+I ,6)%(+ -% 0#*#& *<&/.9.=#-#&I #==.-%,/%& "#0+(#"%&I &<%"-+& C +/(#&
$#(.#0"%&I %/=QQ E&/+& -#/+& '<%-%, #'+(/#( '+=# .,9+()#=.>, #=%(=# -% "#
=+)'%/%,=.# -%" /(#0#*#-+( #" K#=%( &< /#(%#I #<,V<% K#=%, '+&.0"% -.&/.,5<.( # "+&
%)'"%#-+& )U& (%&'+,&#0"%& -% "+& -%)U&Q
Método subjetivo de evaluación del rendimiento
r#)0.W, ""#)#-+ &.&/%)# =<#"./#/.$+I %& %" #'".=#0"% # /+-+& %&+& /(#0#*+& %, "+& V<% "+&
%)'"%#-+& ,+ '(+-<=%, #"5+ V<% '<%-# =+,/#(&% C )%-.(&% +0*%/.$#)%,/%I '+( "+ V<% K#,
-% &%( %$#"<#-+& )%-.#,/% /W=,.=#& #"5+ )U& &<0*%/.$#&Q R+& (%&'+,&#0"%& ,%=%&./#,
%$#"<#( # %&/+& /(#0#*#-+(%&I ,+ %, 9<,=.>, -% "# =#,/.-#-I &.,+ )%-.#,/% "# +0&%($#=.>,
-%" =+)'+(/#).%,/+ "#0+(#" -<(#,/% <, -%/%().,#-+ '%(.+-+ -% /.%)'+I %)./.%,-+
-%&'<W& <, *<.=.+ #=%(=# -% &< =#".-#-Q A"5<,#& -% "#& /W=,.=#& )U& <&#-#& '#(# '+,%(
%, '(U=/.=# %&/% )W/+-+ &+,T
t 8,9+()%& -% (%,-.).%,/+T =+,&.&/%, %, 0(%$%& .,9+()%& V<% (%"#/#, %" (%,-.).%,/+
"#0+(#" -%" %)'"%#-+Q 4< '(.,=.'#" -%&$%,/#*# %& V<% '<%-%, &%( )<C #)0.5<+& #
"# K+(# -% -%&=(.0.( %" =+)'+(/#).%,/+ -%" %)'"%#-+ % .,="<&+ '<%-%, %&/#(
#"%*#-+& -% "# (%#".-#-I =<#,-+ V<.%, (%-#=/# %" .,9+()% &% -%*# 5<.#( '+( &<&
'(%9%(%,=.#& C (%"#=.+,%& '%(&+,#"%&Q
t f+-%"+ -% $#"+(#=.>, -%" )W(./+T %&/# /W=,.=# 9<% =+,=%0.-# '#(# .,/%,/#( ).,.).O#(
"# #)0.5v%-#- C #"=#,O#( <,# )#C+( +0*%/.$.-#-Q Y(+'+,%)+& =<#/(+ &.&/%)#&T
2Q E&=#"#& -% $#"+(#=.>,T &% /(#/# -% K#=%( <,# ".&/# =+, "+& #&'%=/+&
)U& .)'+(/#,/%& '#(# "# (%#".O#=.>, -% %&% /(#0#*+ L/(#0#*+ %, %V<.'+I
(#'.-%OI =+)<,.=#=.>, %/=QN C $#"+(#("+& %, <,# %&=#"# -%" 2 #" JI '+(
%*%)'"+Q E, #"5<,+& =#&+&I '<%-% .,="<&+ '%()./.(&% V<% %" '(+'.+
%)'"%#-+ .,="<C# =+)%,/#(.+& %, &< $#"+(#=.>,Q
3Q A"/%(,#,=.#
%,
"#
="#&.9.=#=.>,T
&%
+(-%,#
#
"+&
%)'"%#-+&
&<=%&.$#)%,/% -%&-% %" )%*+( #" '%+( %, /+(,+ # <,# =#(#=/%(S&/.=# %,
'#(/.=<"#( V<% &%# =+)6, '#(# %" 5(<'+Q _%0.-+ # &< &.)'".=.-#-I
'(+'+(=.+,# )%,+& .,9+()#=.>, V<% +/(#& /W=,.=#&Q
[Q E"%==.>, 9+(O#-#T "+& (%&'+,&#0"%& /.%,%, V<% %"%5.( %,/(% -+& 9(#&%&
'+&./.$#& + -+& ,%5#/.$#&I "# V<% )%*+( -%&=(.0# #" %)'"%#-+ + "# V<%
'%+( "+ -%&=(.0#Q Y+( %*%)'"+T
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 2c
!<U" -%&=(.0% )%*+( #" /(#0#*#-+(
E& #,/.'U/.=+ B E& #5(#-#0"%
!<U" -%&=(.0% '%+( #" /(#0#*#-+(
E& #((+5#,/% B \+ /(#0#*# %, %V<.'+
cQ E$#"<#=.>, [G:pT %&/% )W/+-+ =+,&.&/% %, =<)'".)%,/#( <, 9+()<"#(.+
'+( '#(/% -% "#& '%(&+,#& (%"#=.+,#-#& =+, %" /(#0#*#-+( # %$#"<#(Q R#
%$#"<#=.>, -% [G: 5(#-+& '(%/%,-% -#( # "+& %)'"%#-+& <,# '%(&'%=/.$#
-% &< -%&%)'%F+ "+ )U& #-%=<#-# C =%(=#,# '+&.0"% # "# (%#".-#- C#
V<% +0/.%,% .,9+()#=.>, -%&-% /+-+& "+& U,5<"+& C *%(#(V<S#& -% "#
=+)'#FS#T *%9%&I =+)'#F%(+&I &<0+(-.,#-+&I -.(%=/.$+&I %/=Q
t s%&/.>, -% +0*%/.$+&T '(%$.+ #=<%(-+ %,/(% )#,#5%(& C %)'"%#-+&I &% %&/#0"%=%,
<,+& +0*%/.$+& L(%#".&/#&I ="#(+& C =+,=(%/+&N V<% %" /(#0#*#-+( -%0% =<)'".( %, <,
'"#O+ -% /.%)'+ -%/%().,#-+Q r(#& %" '%(.+-+ &% %$#"6# %" )+-+ %, V<% "+&
/(#0#*#-+(%& K#, =<)'".-+ %&+& +0*%/.$+&Q E&/# /W=,.=# #'+(/# -#/+& -% %9.=.%,=.# C
%9.=#=.# -%" %)'"%#-+ (%&'%=/+ # &< '<%&/+ -% /(#0#*+Q
Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 2J
5. Factores que afectan al
rendimiento
Y#(# "+5(#( <, 0<%, ,.$%" -% (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %& .)'+(/#,/% V<% "+& %)'"%#-+&
=+,+O=#, ="#(#)%,/%T
B !<U"%& &+, &<& 9<,=.+,%& + /#(%#& %&'%=S9.=#& -%,/(+ -% "# +(5#,.O#=.>,Q
B !<U"%& &+, "+& '(+=%-.).%,/+& V<% -%0%, &%5<.(Q
B q<W '+"S/.=#& -%0%, (%&'%/#(Q
B !<U"%& &+, "+& +0*%/.$+& V<% -%0%, =<)'".(Q
Factores internos y externos que influyen en el
rendimiento
Y%(+I #-%)U& -% /+-+ "+& #,/%(.+()%,/% )%,=.+,#-+&I # "# K+(# -% %$#"<#( %" (%,-.).%,/+
"#0+(#" K#C V<% /%,%( %, =<%,/# -.9%(%,/%& 9#=/+(%& .,/%(,+& C %Z/%(,+&Q R+& )U&
.)'+(/#,/%& # =+,&.-%(#( &+, "+& &.5<.%,/%&T
B ;#=/+(%& .,/%(,+&T
a
R.-%(#O5+ -% "# -.(%==.>,Q
a
E&/(<=/<(# +(5#,.O#/.$#Q
a
!<"/<(# -% "# %)'(%&#Q
B ;#=/+(%& %Z/%(,+&T
a
;#=/+(%& 9#).".#(%& C '%(&+,#"%& -%" %)'"%#-+Q
a ;#=/+(%& #)0.%,/#"%& + K.5.W,.=+&I =+)+T %" .,&+),.+ L+ %" -%&=#,&+ -% )#"#
=#".-#-NI %" =".)# L9(S+ + =#"+( %Z=%&.$+& #9%=/#, ,%5#/.$#)%,/%NI %" (<.-+I "# ."<).,#=.>,I "#
=#".-#- -%" #.(%I "# )#"# =+)<,.=#=.>, %,/(% %)'"%#-+&I "# #".)%,/#=.>,I %/=Q E&/+&
#&'%=/+& ,+ )+/.$#, =<#,-+ %&/U,I '%(+ &., %)0#(5+I =<#,-+ &% '(+-<=% &< #<&%,=.#I
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 2G
#=/6#, =+)+ 9#=/+(%& -%&)+/.$#-+(%& &.%,-+ .)'+(/#,/%& '+/%,=.#-+(%& -% %&/(W&Q
La motivación y su influencia en el desempeño
laboral
R# )+/.$#=.>, %& <,+ -% "+& 9#=/+(%& )U& .)'+(/#,/%& V<% #9%=/#, %, %" 0<%, -%&%)'%F+
"#0+(#" -% "+& /(#0#*#-+(%&Q o "# '(+-<=/.$.-#- -% <,# +(5#,.O#=.>, -%'%,-% %, 5(#,
)%-.-# -%" 0<%, (%,-.).%,/+ V<% /%,5#, %&/+& 6"/.)+&Q !<#,/+ )#C+( &%# %" 0.%,%&/#(
'%(&+,#" )#C+( (%,-.).%,/+ C )#C+( '(+-<=/.$.-#- (%'%(=</.(U &< /(#0#*+ %, %" 0<%,
-%$%,.( -% "# %)'(%&#Q E& '+( /+-+ %&/+ V<% /.%,% 5(#, .)'+(/#,=.# .)'"%)%,/#( '+"S/.=#&
="#(#& C %9%=/.$#& -% )+/.$#=.>, "#0+(#" %,/(% "+& %)'"%#-+&Q
R# )+/.$#=.>, %&/U '(%&%,/% %, /+-+& "+& #&'%=/+& -% ,<%&/(# $.-# C "#& '%(&+,#&
,%=%&./#)+& &%( #'(%=.#-#& C $#"+(#-#& L/#)0.W, %, %" )<,-+ %)'(%&#(.#"NI V<% ,<%&/(+&
%&9<%(O+&
&%#,
(%=+,+=.-+&Q
f<=K#&
$%=%&
"#&
+(5#,.O#=.+,%&
=(%%,
V<%
%"
(%=+,+=.).%,/+ )+,%/#(.+ %& "+ )U& .)'+(/#,/% C &% %V<.$+=#,Q EZ.&/%, +/(+& '<,/+& -%
$.&/# =+, %" V<% )+/.$#( # "+& /(#0#*#-+(%&Q
E,/(% "+& '(.,=.'#"%& 9#=/+(%& V<% #9%=/#, # "# )+/.$#=.>, -%&/#=#(S#,T
B A-%=<#=.>, k #)0.%,/% -% /(#0#*+Q
B E&/#0"%=.).%,/+ -% +0*%/.$+&Q
B b%=+,+=.).%,/+ -%" /(#0#*+Q
B R# '#(/.=.'#=.>, -%" %)'"%#-+Q
B R# 9+()#=.>, C -%&#((+""+ '(+9%&.+,#"Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 2M
6. Motivación laboral. Teorías y
técnicas de motivación
R# )+/.$#=.>, %&/U =+,&/./<.-# '+( /+-+& "+& 9#=/+(%& =#'#=%& -% '(+$+=#(I )#,/%,%( C
-.(.5.( "# =+,-<=/# K#=.# <, +0*%/.$+Q R# 9+()# =>)+ "+& .,-.$.-<+& (%#==.+,#, #,/% %&+&
%&/S)<"+& +0%-%=% # 9#=/+(%& =+)+T
B R# '%(&+,#".-#-Q
B R# %-<=#=.>,Q
B E" &.&/%)# -% $#"+(%& V<% &% '+&%#Q
R# )+/.$#=.>, "#0+(#" %& "# 9<%(O# '&.=+">5.=# V<% .)'<"&# # "#& '%(&+,#& # .,.=.#(I
)#,/%,%( C )%*+(#( &<& /#(%#& "#0+(#"%&Q E& %" .)'<"&+ -% "#& '%(&+,#& %, "# %)'(%&#I "+
V<% "%& =+,-<=% # %"%5.( C (%#".O#( <,# #==.>, %,/(% #V<%""#& #"/%(,#/.$#& V<% &%
'(%&%,/#, %, <,# -%/%().,#-# &./<#=.>, CI '+( /#,/+I &% =+,$.%(/% %, %" )+/+( C %, "#
%,%(5S# '&.=+">5.=# -% "# ).&)# +(5#,.O#=.>,Q
A /(#$W& -% "# )+/.$#=.>, -%" '%(&+,#" &% "+5(# %" -%&#((+""+ '%(&+,#" -% "+& /(#0#*#-+(%&
CI # /(#$W& -% W"I &% =+,&.5<% )%*+(#( "# '(+-<=/.$.-#- -% "# %)'(%&#Q Y(+$%% -% %9.=#=.#
#" %&9<%(O+ =+"%=/.$+ +(.%,/#-+ # =+,&%5<.( "+& +0*%/.$+& -% "# %)'(%&# C #" ).&)+ /.%)'+
%)'<*# #" .,-.$.-<+ # "# 06&V<%-# =+,/.,<# -% )%*+(%& &./<#=.+,%& # 9., -% (%#".O#(&%
'(+9%&.+,#" C '%(&+,#")%,/%I .,/%5(U,-+"+ #&S %, "# =+)<,.-#- -+,-% &< #==.>, =+0(#
&.5,.9.=#-+Q
R# )+/.$#=.>, &% /(#-<=% %,T
B X, )#C+( (%,-.).%,/+Q
B X,# )#C+( .)'".=#=.>,Q
B X,# )#C+( '(+-<=/.$.-#-Q
Y#(# V<% <,# '%(&+,# &% %,=<%,/(% )+/.$#-# C =+,/(.0<C# # "+& +0*%/.$+& -% "# %)'(%&#I
W&/# -%0% K#""#( %, "# +(5#,.O#=.>, <,# )#,%(# -% &#/.&9#=%( &<& ,%=%&.-#-%&
'%(&+,#"%&I -% /.'+ %=+,>).=+I &+=.#" + -% -%&#((+""+ '%(&+,#"Q E, %&/# )#/%(.#I "#&
%&/(#/%5.#& &+0(% -.(%==.>, C -%&#((+""+ -% "#& '%(&+,#& &+, %" 9#=/+( )U& .)'+(/#,/% V<%
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 2H
'%()./.(U %" "+5(+ -% "+& +0*%/.$+& %)'(%&#(.#"%& C %" -%&#((+""+ '%(&+,#" -% "+&
/(#0#*#-+(%&Q
Factores de motivación laboral
EZ.&/%, -+& /.'+& -% 9#=/+(%& V<% .,/%($.%,%, %, "#& (%"#=.+,%& "#0+(#"%&I &%56, %"
'&.=>"+5+ ,+(/%#)%(.=#,+ ;(%-%(.=l d%(O0%(5 L2P3[B3:::NQ E" &#/.&9#=%( "#& ,%=%&.-#-%&
-% "+& /(#0#*#-+(%& %, %&/+& #&'%=/+& &%(U ="#$% '#(# -%&#((+""#( <,# '+"S/.=# -%
)+/.$#=.>, #-%=<#-#T
B ;#=/+(%& )+/.$#-+(%&T &+, #V<W""+& +(.%,/#-+& # 5#(#,/.O#( "# &#/.&9#==.>, -% "#&
'%(&+,#& /#,/+ %, %" -%&%)'%F+ -% &<& "#0+(%& =+)+ %, &<& '(+'.#& %Z'%=/#/.$#&Q E,
%&/% 5(<'+ &% %,=+,/(#(S#, "+& "+5(+&I %" (%=+,+=.).%,/+I "# '(+)+=.>,I "+& (%/+& + "#
#&.5,#=.>, -% (%&'+,&#0.".-#-%&Q
B ;#=/+(%& K.5.W,.=+&T V<% &+, "+& V<% /.%,%, V<% $%( /#,/+ =+, %" =+,/%Z/+ -+,-% &%
-%&%)'%F# %" /(#0#*+ =+)+ =+, %" /(#/+ V<% "#& '%(&+,#& (%=.0%,Q AV<S &% %,=<#-(#, %"
#)0.%,/% "#0+(#"I "+& (%=<(&+& )#/%(.#"%&I "+& 0%,%9.=.+& &+=.#"%&I &<%"-+&I (%"#=.+,%&
'%(&+,#"%&I '+"S/.=#& .,&/./<=.+,#"%&I =+)+ Z %* /%"%/(#0#*+I '+"S/.=#& -% =+,=.".#=.>, C -S#&
-% =+,$.$%,=.#&I &%($.=.+ -% 5<#(-%(S#I %/=Q
Teorías y técnicas sobre la motivación
EZ.&/%, )<=K#& /%+(S#& &+0(% "# )+/.$#=.>,Q _%&-% "#& -% %,9+V<% ="U&.=+I =+)+ "#& -%
f#&"+uI d%(O0%(5; "#& )U& +(.%,/#-#& #" )<,-+ "#0+(#" =+)+ "#& -% f=s(%5+( + R+=l%;
K#&/# "#& )U& #=/<#"%&I =+)+ "# /%+(S# -% "# %V<.-#-I "# /%+(S# 0.9#=/+(.#" -% "# )+/.$#=.>,I
"# /%+(S# -%" %&/#0"%=.).%,/+ -% )%/#&I "# /%+(S# -% "# )+/.$#=.>, -% "+5(+ + "# /%+(S# -% "#&
/(%& ,%=%&.-#-%&Q
R#& /W=,.=#& )U& =+,+=.-#& -% )+/.$#=.>, "#0+(#" '<%-%, &%( -% =#(U=/%( '%()#,%,/%I +
'<,/<#"%&I C &% (%&<)%, %, <,# &%(.# -% '<,/+& V<% "# %)'(%&# -%0% /%,%( %, =<%,/#
&.%)'(% '#(# 9+)%,/#( "# )+/.$#=.>, -% &<& /(#0#*#-+(%&Q
B rW=,.=#& -% =#(U=/%( '%()#,%,/%T '#(# V<% /%,5#, WZ./+I &% -%0% .,9+()#( C =+)<,.=#(
0.%, # /+-+ %" '%(&+,#" #=%(=# -% %&/#& '+"S/.=#&I &+0(% /+-+ # )#,-+& .,/%()%-.+& C #
%)'"%#-+&Q 4% K#=% .)'(%&=.,-.0"% %" 9.*#( '(%$.#)%,/% +0*%/.$+& C )%/#& V<% &%#, 9U=."%&
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 2P
-% %,/%,-%( C (%#".&/#&Q oI &.%)'(% /%,.%,-+ %, =<%,/# V<%I =<#"V<.%(# V<% &%# "# /W=,.=#
%&=+5.-#I K# -% &%( #=%'/#-# '+( "#& -+& '#(/%&Q
2QX0.=#=.>, #=%(/#-#T &% /(#/# -% <0.=#( # "+& %)'"%#-+& %, "+& '<%&/+&
#-%=<#-+& &%56, &< '%(9."I V<% K# -% &%( #,#".O#-+ -% 9+()# '(%$.#Q
3QA-%=<#=.>, -%" /(#0#*#-+( # &< '<%&/+T %& )<C .)'+(/#,/% &%,/.(&% =>)+-+ %,
%" "<5#( -% /(#0#*+ C# V<% =<#,-+ %&/+ &<=%-%I "#& '+&.0.".-#-%& -% -%&%)'%F#(
<, 0<%, (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" #<)%,/#,Q R# #-%=<#=.>, -%" /(#0#*#-+( #" '<%&/+ -%
/(#0#*+ =+,&.&/% %, &#0%( .,=+('+(#( # "# '%(&+,# V<% /%,5# "+& =+,+=.).%,/+&I
K#0.".-#-%& C %Z'%(.%,=.# &<9.=.%,/%& '#(# -%&#((+""#( =+, WZ./+ "#& /#(%#& -%"
'<%&/+ -% /(#0#*+ '+( %" V<% K# &.-+ &%"%==.+,#-+ C V<% #-%)U&I %&/W )+/.$#-# %
.,/%(%&#-# '+( "#& =#(#=/%(S&/.=#& -%" ).&)+Q
[Q8,-<==.>,T %&/# /W=,.=# 9#=."./# "# =+((%=/# .,=+('+(#=.>, -% <,# '%(&+,# # "#
+(5#,.O#=.>,Q E& -% &%,=.""# #'".=#=.>, C# V<% &% 0#&# %, &<).,.&/(#( # =#-#
,<%$+ %)'"%#-+ "# .,9+()#=.>, ,%=%&#(.# &+0(% "#& '+"S/.=#&I ,+()#& C
9<,=.+,#).%,/+I #&S =+)+ "#& %Z'%=/#/.$#& &+0(% &< -%&%)'%F+ %, "# %)'(%&#Q
cQf%/#&T %&% )W/+-+ =+,&.&/% %, 5#(#,/.O#( V<% /+-+ %" %V<.'+ =+,+=% "#& )%/#&
-% "# +(5#,.O#=.>, '#(# <, '%(S+-+ -%/%().,#-+Q ]&/#& -%0%, %&/#( '"#,/%#-#& -%
)#,%(# V<% =+,&/./<C#, (%/+& C +'+(/<,.-#-%&I "+ V<% "#& K#=% )<=K+ )U&
#/(#=/.$#&I =+,&.5<.%,-+ <,# )#C+( .)'".=#=.>, '+( '#(/% -% /+-+& "+& ,.$%"%& -%
"# '"#,/.""#Q
JQE&/#0"%=.).%,/+ -% +0*%/.$+&T "#& '%(&+,#& ,%=%&./#)+& +0*%/.$+& K#=.# "+& V<%
+(.%,/#( ,<%&/(+& %&9<%(O+&Q E, '(.,=.'.+ "+ V<% .)'<"&# C )+/.$# # "#& '%(&+,#&
%& &< -%&%+ -% #"=#,O#( <,# )%/#Q E" %&/#0"%=.).%,/+ -% +0*%/.$+& %& <,# 0<%,#
/W=,.=# '#(# )+/.$#( # "+& %)'"%#-+&I C# V<% &% %&/#0"%=%, +0*%/.$+& V<% &%
-%0%, -%&#((+""#( %, <, '%(S+-+ -%" /.%)'+I /(#& %" =<#" %" /(#0#*#-+( &% &%,/.(U
&#/.&9%=K+ -% K#0%( =<)'".-+ %&/+& +0*%/.$+& C (%/+&Q _%0%, &%( +0*%/.$+&
)%-.0"%&I V<% +9(%O=#, <, -%&#9S+ #" /(#0#*#-+( '%(+ /#)0.W, (%#".&/#& C
#"=#,O#0"%&I C# V<% &. ,+I =(%#(U, #'#/S# C 9(<&/(#=.>,Q
GQb%=+,+=.).%,/+T &% =+,=(%/# %, "# #==.>, + #==.+,%& V<% &%#, ,%=%&#(.#& '#(#
'+,%( %, %$.-%,=.# %" 0<%, -%&%)'%F+ -% "#& '%(&+,#&I '#(# %"%$#( &<& ,.$%"%&
-% &#/.&9#==.>, '%(&+,#" C (%9+(O#( "# =+,9.#,O# %, &<& =#'#=.-#-%&Q E"
(%=+,+=.).%,/+ -%" /(#0#*+ %9%=/<#-+ %& <,# -% "#& /W=,.=#& )U& .)'+(/#,/%&Q _%
K%=K+I "+& %)'"%#-+& &<%"%, V<%*#(&% 9(%=<%,/%)%,/% -% V<% =<#,-+ K#=%, <,
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 3:
/(#0#*+ %&'%=.#")%,/% 0.%,I %" *%9% ,+ "+ (%=+,+=%Q o %&/# &./<#=.>, '<%-%
-%&)+/.$#( .,)%-.#/#)%,/% .,="<&+ #" )%*+( -% "+& /(#0#*#-+(%&Q _%=.( # <,
/(#0#*#-+( V<% %&/U (%#".O#,-+ 0.%, &< /(#0#*+ + )+&/(#("% "# &#/.&9#==.>, V<% "#
%)'(%&# &.%,/% '+( %""+ ,+ &>"+ ,+ =<%&/# ,#-# &.,+ V<% #-%)U& "+ )+/.$# %, &<
'<%&/+I C# V<% =+,&.5<% K#=%( V<% %&# '%(&+,# &% &.%,/# 6/." C $#"+(#-#Q
MQY#(/.=.'#=.>,T V<% '<%-% '(+)+$%(&% # /(#$W& -% =+,&<"/# -% +'.,.+,%& C
&<5%(%,=.#&I #&.5,#=.>, -% (%&'+,&#0.".-#-%&I .,&/(<)%,/+& '#(# %$#"<#( "#&
/#(%#& C /+-#& "#& #==.+,%& V<% %&/.)<"%, "# =(%#/.$.-#- C "# .,.=.#/.$# '%(&+,#"Q R#
'#(/.=.'#=.>, -%" %)'"%#-+ "% =+,9.%(% =+,9.#,O# C =+,9.()# &< '%(/%,%,=.# # "#
+(5#,.O#=.>, C &< '(+C%=/+Q Y#(# =+,&%5<.("+ K#C V<% -#( ".0%(/#- %, %" =+,/(+" C
'"#,.9.=#=.>, -% &<& #=/.$.-#-%& #" %)'"%#-+I V<.%,I '+( &< =+,+=.).%,/+ -%"
/(#0#*+I -%" '<%&/+ C &< '%(&'%=/.$# 6,.=#I '+-(U #-%)U& '(+'+,%( )%*+(#& +
)+-.9.=#=.+,%& -% 5(#, $#"+( C %9.=#=.#Q
HQE$#"<#=.+,%& '%(.>-.=#& C +'+(/<,#&T )%-.#,/% %&/# /W=,.=# &% 0<&=# %" =+,+=%(
C )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ '%(&+,#" -% =#-# %)'"%#-+Q
B rW=,.=#& '<,/<#"%&T '#(# "+5(#( %" WZ./+ %, "# .)'"#,/#=.>, -% %&/% /.'+ -% /W=,.=#& %&
.)'+(/#,/% "+5(#( V<% &%#, #/(#=/.$#&I V<% &% 0#&%, %, <, )#(l%/.,5 %9%=/.$+Q E""+
#<)%,/#(U &< '+-%( -% =#'/#=.>, C =+, W"I "# '#(/.=.'#=.>,Q _%0%, &.%)'(% #'+C#(&% %,
<,# 0<%,# '+"S/.=# -% =+)<,.=#=.>,Q
2Q^'+(/<,.-#-%& -% 9+()#=.>,T '%()./%, #" '%(&+,#" #-V<.(.( =+,+=.).%,/+& C
)#,/%,%(&% #=/<#".O#-+&I )%*+(#,-+ C %,(.V<%=.%,-+ &< %Z'%(.%,=.# C %"
(%&<"/#-+ -% &<& /#(%#&Q R# 9+()#=.>, C -%&#((+""+ '(+9%&.+,#" '(+'.=.# "#
)+/.$#=.>, V<% &% /(#-<=% %, <, $.&.0"% =(%=.).%,/+ '%(&+,#" C '(+9%&.+,#"Q _%
%&/% )+-+I &% )%*+(# %" (%,-.).%,/+ C &% '(%$.%,%, (.%&5+& -% =#(U=/%(
'&.=+&+=.#"Q R#& $%,/#*#& -% %&/# /W=,.=# &+, "# )#C+( #</+%&/.)#I "# &#/.&9#==.>,
"#0+(#"I %" )%*+( -%&%)'%F+ -%" '<%&/+I '(+)+=.>,I %/=QQ
3Qr#""%(%& C (%<,.+,%&T &+, %&'#=.+& =(%#-+& '#(# '+,%( %, '(U=/.=# <,# &%(.% -%
-.,U).=#& -.&%F#-#& '+( %&'%=.#".&/#&I '#(# +(.%,/#( # "+& /(#0#*#-+(%& K#=.# %"
=(%=.).%,/+ C -%&#((+""+ '%(&+,#"Q E&/#& -.,U).=#& &<%"%, (%9+(O#( "+& "#O+& %,/(%
"+& .,/%5(#,/%& -% "#& +(5#,.O#=.+,%& C /#)0.W, '(+'.=.#, %" &%,/.).%,/+ -%
'%(/%,%,=.# # "# %)'(%&#Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 32
Motivación, bienestar y rendimiento
R# )+/.$#=.>, %&/U '(%&%,/% %, /+-+& "+& #&'%=/+& -% "# $.-# -% "+& &%(%& K<)#,+& C
/+-#& "#& '%(&+,#& /.%,%, ,%=%&.-#-%& V<% ,+ &% &#/.&9#=%, %Z="<&.$#)%,/% )%-.#,/%
.,=%,/.$+& -% =#(U=/%( %=+,>).=+Q Y+( %""+I "# $.-# &+=.#" -% "+& /(#0#*#-+(%& %& .)'+(/#,/%
CI =+)+ /#"I -%0% /%,%(&% %, =<%,/#I #&S =+)+ "# =+,=.".#=.>, '%(&+,#" C "#0+(#"Q
E" 0.%,%&/#( -%" /(#0#*#-+( &% /(#-<=% %, <, #"/+ (%,-.).%,/+ C )#C+( '(+-<=/.$.-#-I V<%
/.%,% &< (%9"%*+ # ,.$%" -% 0#"#,=% -% (%&<"/#-+& C /#)0.W, -% .)#5%, '#(# <,#
+(5#,.O#=.>,Q _% #KS "# .)'+(/#,=.# -% .)'"%)%,/#( '+"S/.=#& ="#(#& C %9%=/.$#& -%
)+/.$#=.>, "#0+(#"Q
R# '(+-<=/.$.-#- -% <,# +(5#,.O#=.>, -%'%,-% -% "# '(+-<=/.$.-#- -% "#& '%(&+,#& C
W&/#& ,%=%&./#, &%( $#"+(#-#& C $%( (%=+,+=.-+& &<& %&9<%(O+& C #'+(/#=.+,%& -% $#"+( #
"# %)'(%&#Q R+& '<%&/+& -% /(#0#*+ /.%,%, V<% &%( %&'#=.+& &%5<(+& C =+, <, #)0.%,/%
"#0+(#" -% =+,9.#,O# V<% '%()./# # "#& '%(&+,#& %" -%&#((+""+ '%(&+,#"Q R# ".&/# -% "+& !"#$
%&'(" $) *)+, %&/U ""%,# -% 0<%,+& %*%)'"+& -% %)'(%&#& V<% &#0%, =>)+ )+/.$#( # &<&
'"#,/.""#&Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 33
7. Clima organizacional y pautas
para la motivación laboral
E" =".)# +(5#,.O#=.+,#" %& %" #)0.%,/% .,/%(,+ V<% &% (%&'.(# %, <,# +(5#,.O#=.>, C
)%(%=% "# #/%,=.>, -% /+-# %)'(%&#Q E&/% 9#=/+( '<%-% -%9.,.(&% =+)+ %" =+,*<,/+ -%
'(+'.%-#-%& K#0./<#"%&I /S'.=#& + =#(#=/%(S&/.=#& -% <,# +(5#,.O#=.>, =+,=(%/# C K#=%
(%9%(%,=.# # "# ,#/<(#"%O# '(+'.# -% <,# +(5#,.O#=.>, /#" C =+)+ %& '%(=.0.-# '+( "#&
'%(&+,#& V<% /(#0#*#, %, %""# + V<% &<%"%, .,/%(#==.+,#( =+, %""#Q
Y<%-%, -.9%(%,=.#(&% -+& /%,-%,=.#& 5%,%(#"%& #,/#5>,.=#& -%" =".)# )+/.$#=.+,#"T
w !".)# )+/.$#=.+,#" -% .)'".=#=.>, %, "# )#%&/(S#T =#(#=/%(.O#-+ '+( "# $#"+(#=.>, -%"
%&9<%(O+I %" #'(%,-.O#*% C "# )%*+(#I .,=.-.%,-+ -% )#,%(# (%"%$#,/% %, "# =++'%(#=.>,
%,/(% =+)'#F%(+& '#(# =+,&%5<.( 0<%,+& (%&<"/#-+& =+)<,%& C %, "# .)'+(/#,=.#
#&.5,#-# # /+-+& "+& (+"%& %, "# +(5#,.O#=.>,Q E&/% =".)# 9+)%,/# %, "+& /(#0#*#-+(%& %"
-%&%+ -% #'(%,-%(I -% %&9+(O#(&% C -% =++'%(#( =+, &<& =+)'#F%(+&Q A-%)U&I '(+'.=.#
#=/./<-%&
)U&
'+&./.$#&
K#=.#
%"
5(<'+I
)#C+(
.)'".=#=.>,
%,
"+&
+0*%/.$+&
+(5#,.O#=.+,#"%& C "# =(%%,=.# -% V<% %" %&9<%(O+ =+,-<=.(U #" WZ./+Q
w !".)# )+/.$#=.+,#" -% .)'".=#=.>, %, %" %5+T =#(#=/%(.O#-+ '+( %" .,-.$.-<#".&)+I %"
(%=+,+=.).%,/+ -%&.5<#"I %" %Z=%&+ -% '(%&.>, K#=.# %" WZ./+ C "# (%&'<%&/# '<,./.$# #,/%
"+& %((+(%&Q E&/% =".)# 9+)%,/# "# (.$#".-#- .,/(#5(<'#" C %" .,-.$.-<#".&)+I )%()# "#
)+/.$#=.>, K#=.# "# =++'%(#=.>, % .,=(%)%,/# <, /.'+ -% +(.%,/#=.>, K#=.# %" (%&<"/#-+Q
Pautas para la motivación laboral
!+)+ )<=K#& +/(+& #&'%=/+&I "# )+/.$#=.>, "#0+(#" %& #"5+ V<% '<%-% '(#=/.=#(&% C
&%5<.( '%(9%==.+,U,-+&% -S# # -S#Q 4., %)0#(5+I '#(# 9+)%,/#( C 9#$+(%=%( <, =".)#
+(5#,.O#=.+,#" '+&./.$+ V<% (%-<,-% %, <,# '"#,/.""# )+/.$#-# C &#/.&9%=K#I %&
(%=+)%,-#0"% &%5<.( <,# &%(.% -% '#</#&T
2B 4#0%( -.&/.,5<.( V<W %& "# )+/.$#=.>,Q X,+ -% "+& =+,=%'/+& )U& %((>,%+& V<% &<%"%
-#(&% &+0(% "# )+/.$#=.>, =+,&.&/% %, =+,9<,-.("# =+, "# #=/.$#=.>, %)+=.+,#" L5(./+&I
'(%&.+,%&I .,=(%'#=.+,%&NI =<#,-+ %& '(%=.&#)%,/% "+ =+,/(#(.+Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 3[
3B _%)+&/(#( =+,9.#,O# %, %" /(#0#*+ -%" 5(<'+Q R# $#"+(#=.>, '+&./.$# C %" (%=+,+=.).%,/+
#,/% <, /(#0#*+ 0.%, K%=K+ %& %&'%=.#")%,/% (%"%$#,/% -% =#(# # "# )+/.$#=.>, "#0+(#"Q E"
)#,#5%( -%0% -%)+&/(#( V<% =+,9S# %, %" /(#0#*+ C %, "# =#'#=.-#- -% &< 5(<'+Q E&/+
=+,/(.0<C% # =(%#( <, 0<%, =".)# +(5#,.O#=.+,#" C# V<% -.&).,<C% &<&=%'/.0.".-#-%& %,/(%
=+)'#F%(+& C K#=.# "# %)'(%&#I #" ).&)+ /.%)'+ V<% 9+)%,/# "# =+K%&.>,Q R# =+,9.#,O#
'<%-% )#,.9%&/#(&% =+, '#"#0(#& C =+, #=/<#=.+,%&T $#"+(#,-+ "+& /(#0#*+& 0.%, K%=K+&I
'%()./.%,-+ #</+,+)S# % .,.=.#/.$#I -%"%5#,-+ 9<,=.+,%& =<#,-+ %""+ 9<%(# '%(/.,%,/%I
#C<-#,-+ # "+& /(#0#*#-+(%& # &<'%(#( "+& %((+(%&I %/=Q
[B E&=<=K#( #" /(#0#*#-+(Q E" 0<%, )#,-+ &#0% -%*#( K#0"#( C %Z'(%&#(&% #" /(#0#*#-+(Q
E&=<=K#( # <,# '%(&+,# %& <,# 0<%,# )#,%(# -% ""%5#( # =+,+=%("# C (%&'%/#("#I #&S
=+)+ -% 5#,#(&% &< (%&'%/+Q
cB !+,+=%( &< '(+'.+ /(#0#*+Q E" )#,-+ K# -% &%( <,# '%(&+,# %Z'%(/#I 0.%, 9+()#-#I
=+,+=%-+(# -% &< '(+'.+ /(#0#*+ C -.&'<%&/# # #=/<#".O#( C #)'".#( &<& =+,+=.).%,/+&Q
r(#0#*#( =+, #"5<.%, 0.%, '(%'#(#-+ %& )U& )+/.$#-+( C -.&).,<C% "+& ,.$%"%& -%
.,=%(/.-<)0(%I '+/%,=.#-+(%& -%" %&/(W&Q
JB !+,+=%( %" /(#0#*+ -%" %)'"%#-+Q E" *%9% K# -% =+,+=%( "#& =#(#=/%(S&/.=#& -% "#& /#(%#&
V<% -%&%)'%F#, "+& /(#0#*#-+(%&Q \+ &.5,.9.=# V<% /%,5# V<% &%( %&'%=.#".&/# %, /+-+I
'%(+ &S =+,+=%( "+& (#&5+& 0U&.=+& -% "#& /#(%#& V<% &% (%#".O#,Q X, )#,-+ V<%
-%&=+,+=% %, V<W =+,&.&/% %" /(#0#*+ =+/.-.#,+ -% &<& %)'"%#-+& %&/#(U -%)+&/(#,-+
-%&.,/%(W& C '+=# =#'#=.-#-Q
GB \+ %,/(#( #" -%/#""% %Z/(%)+ -% "#& /#(%#& %,=+)%,-#-#&Q 4% -%0% '%()./.( <, =.%(/+
5(#-+ -% .,.=.#/.$# %, %" /(#0#*+ -% =#-# <,+Q d#C -%/#""%& &+0(% =>)+ K#=%( <,# /#(%#
V<% &>"+ =+)'%/%, # V<.%, "# K#=%I C %" )#,-+ -%0% &#0%( C %,/%,-%( %&/+Q R# #</+,+)S#
%, %" /(#0#*+ .,=(%)%,/# "# )+/.$#=.>, "#0+(#" -% V<.%, (%#".O# %&% /(#0#*+Q
MB !+,+=%( # "# '%(&+,#Q E" )#,-+ -%0% =+,+=%( # "+& ).%)0(+& -% &< 5(<'+I &#0%( -%
&<& =#(#=/%(S&/.=#& "#0+(#"%&I -% &<& '+&.0.".-#-%&I -% &<& K#0.".-#-%& C =#'#=.-#-%&Q X,
'"#, (%#".&/# -%0% /%,%( %, =<%,/# "#& =#(#=/%(S&/.=#& -% "#& '%(&+,#& V<% "+ $#, #
(%#".O#(Q A-%)U&I %" =+,+=.).%,/+ -% =#-# .,-.$.-<+ #C<-#(U # '(%$%,.( C &+"<=.+,#(
=+,9".=/+& C '(+0"%)#&Q
HB f#,/%,%( "# -.&/#,=.# >'/.)#Q E" )#,#5%( -%0% =+,+=%( C /+)#( %, =+,&.-%(#=.>,
#V<%""#& =#(#=/%(S&/.=#& '%(&+,#"%& V<% &+, (%"%$#,/%& '#(# %" /(#0#*+I '%(+ K#C V<%
&#0%( %,=+,/(#( "# -.&/#,=.# >'/.)# -% (%"#=.>, =+, =#-# '%(&+,#T ,. )<C 5(#,-% ,. )<C
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 3c
'(>Z.)#I &.,+ "# #-%=<#-# '#(# =#-# %)'"%#-+ C '#(# =#-# &./<#=.>,Q
PB b%&'%/#( #" /(#0#*#-+(Q E" (%&'%/+ # "#& -.&/.,/#& 9+()#& -% &%( C -% '%,&#( %& =+,-.=.>,
,%=%&#(.# '#(# %" 0<%, 9<,=.+,#).%,/+ -%" 5(<'+Q E& %" *%9% V<.%, -%0% =+)%,O#( -#,-+
%*%)'"+ %, %&/% &%,/.-+Q 4., (%&'%/+ )</<+ %& '+=+ '(+0#0"% V<% "#& '%(&+,#& %&/W,
)+/.$#-#& # /(#0#*#( *<,/#&Q A-%)U&I "# #)#0.".-#- %, %" /(#/+ %& <, (%V<.&./+ %, "#&
(%"#=.+,%& K<)#,#& C ,+ '<%-% 9#"/#( %, %" %,/+(,+ "#0+(#"I .,-%'%,-.%,/%)%,/% -%
*%(#(V<S#& < +0".5#=.+,%&Q
2:B !(./.=#( "+& K%=K+& C ,+ # "#& '%(&+,#&Q !(./.=#( %" =+)'+(/#).%,/+ =+,=(%/+ V<%
'<%-% &%( )%*+(#-+ %& )U& =+,&/(<=/.$+ V<% =(./.=#( # "# '%(&+,#Q E, %" &%5<,-+ =#&+I &%
'+,-(U, %, )#(=K# )%=#,.&)+& -% -%9%,&# V<% K#(U, .)'+&.0"% %" %,/%,-.).%,/+ C %"
=#)0.+ -%&%#-+Q 4. 9<%(# ,%=%&#(.+ &#,=.+,#( + (%'(+0#(I &% K#(U '+( <, =+)'+(/#).%,/+
C ,+ '+( <,# )#,%(# -% &%(Q _% =<#"V<.%( )+-+I "# =(S/.=# K# -% &%( =+,&/(<=/.$# C
'(+'+(=.+,#( #" (%=%'/+( <,# .,9+()#=.>, &<9.=.%,/% -% "+ V<% K# (%#".O#-+ )#" C -% "+ V<%
-%0% K#=%( "# '(>Z.)# $%O '#(# "+5(#( <, 0<%, (%&<"/#-+Q
22B 4%( %)'U/.=+Q R# %)'#/S# &.5,.9.=# '+,%(&% %, %" "<5#( -%" +/(+ CI '+( <, )+)%,/+I
&./<#(&% %, "# '%(&'%=/.$# #*%,# C ,+ %, "# '(+'.#I =+, "# 9.,#".-#- -% =+)'(%,-%( )%*+(
"+& &%,/.).%,/+&I ,%=%&.-#-%& C &./<#=.+,%& '#(/.=<"#(%& -% "# +/(# '%(&+,#Q 4%( %)'U/.=+
,+ &.5,.9.=# %&/#( -% #=<%(-+ %, /+-+I &.,+ =+)'(%,-%( "# '%(&'%=/.$# #*%,# -%&-% &<
'+&.=.>,I -%&-% &<& ,%=%&.-#-%&I -%&-% &<& &%,/.).%,/+& C -%&-% &<& =.(=<,&/#,=.#&Q R#
%)'#/S# .)'".=# <, %*%(=.=.+ -% .,/%".5%,=.# (%"#=.+,#" V<% '%()./% %,/%,-%( "#&
=.(=<,&/#,=.#& '#(# '+-%( =+)'(%,-%( # "+& -%)U&I .,="<&+ #<,V<% &% %&/<$.%(# %,
-%&#=<%(-+ =+, +'.,.+,%& =+,=(%/#& -%" +/(+Q \+ &% /(#/#I '+( /#,/+I -% '#&#( '+( #"/+
=+)'+(/#).%,/+& V<% '<-.%(#, &%( .,#'(+'.#-+&I &.,+ -% K#=%( <&+ -% "# .,/%".5%,=.# %, "#
(%"#=.>, &+=.#" '#(# =+)'(%,-%( )%*+( C )U& '(+9<,-#)%,/% # "+& -%)U& C # &<&
=.(=<,&/#,=.#&Q
23B 4%( 9"%Z.0"%Q E" *%9% -%0% #-)./.( "# '+&.0.".-#- -% =#)0.+& %, &<& '"#,%&I
%&'%=.#")%,/% =<#,-+ "#& .-%#& $.%,%, '+( $S# #&=%,-%,/%Q \+ K#C ,#-# )#"+ %, "+&
=#)0.+& &. &% %9%=/6#, %, "# -.(%==.>, #-%=<#-# C &% K#=%, =+, &%,/.-+Q Y#(# )%*+(#(
K#C V<% =#)0.#(Q Y%(+ /#)'+=+ &% /(#/# -% K#=%("+ -% )#,%(# =+,&/#,/%I '<%&
-%)#&.#-+& =#)0.+& #=#0#, '+( 5%,%(#( .,%&/#0.".-#-Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 3J
8. Gestión por competencias.
Obligaciones de las empresas
para mejorar el rendimiento
R# 5%&/.>, '+( =+)'%/%,=.#& /.%,% %, =<%,/# "#& =<#".-#-%& (%V<%(.-#& '#(# ""%$#( # =#0+
<,# -%/%().,#-# /#(%#Q 4%56, R%$C R%0+C%(I '+-(S#, -%9.,.(&% "#& =+)'%/%,=.#& =+)+T
x=+)'+(/#).%,/+& V<% #"5<,#& '%(&+,#& -+).,#, )%*+( V<% +/(#&I C V<% "#& K#=% )U&
%9.=#=%& %, <,# -%/%().,#-# &./<#=.>,xQ Y+-%)+& /#)0.W, -%&.5,#("#& =+, "#& &.5"#& !dA8
L=+,+=.).%,/+&I K#0.".-#-%&I #=/./<-%& % .,/%(%&%&N V<%I '<%&/#& %, #==.>,I -.9%(%,=.#, #
<,#& '%(&+,#& -% +/(#&Q
R#& =+)'%/%,=.#& '<%-%, +0&%($#(&% %, <,# &./<#=.>, =+/.-.#,# -% /(#0#*+ + =+,
-.,U).=#& -% /%&/I =<#,-+ &% '(%&%,/#, =+)+ #'/./<-%& '+&./.$#&I =#(#=/%(S&/.=#&
'%(&+,#"%& C =+,+=.).%,/+& #-V<.(.-+&Q Y%(+ ,<,=# &% /+)#, =+)+ <, $#"+( #0&+"</+I &+,
(%"#/.$#& C# V<% &.%)'(% &<(5%, -% "# =+)'#(#=.>, =+, +/(+&I + #" &%( #'".=#-#& # <,#&
/#(%#&I %/=Q
X,# '%(&+,# '(%&%,/# <, '%(9." -% =+)'%/%,=.#& #"/+ =<#,-+ -%)<%&/(# "#& =<#".-#-%&
(%V<%(.-#& '#(# ""%$#( # =#0+ -%/%().,#-#& ).&.+,%& + /#(%#&Q 4., %)0#(5+I -%0% /%,%(&%
%, =<%,/# V<% "#& '%(&+,#& /.%,%, "# =#'#=.-#- -% #-V<.(.( ,<%$#& =+)'%/%,=.#& -<(#,/%
/+-# &< $.-#I &.%)'(% V<% =+,=<((#, "+& %&/S)<"+& #'(+'.#-+& C %Z.&/# #==%&+ # "+&
(%=<(&+& ,%=%&#(.+& '#(# "+5(#("+Q
Premisas básicas del modelo por competencias
A" %&/#0"%=%( <, )+-%"+ -% 5%&/.>, '+( =+)'%/%,=.#&I &% K#=% ,%=%&#(.+ #-+'/#( #"5<,#&
'(%).&#& 0U&.=#& V<% #$#"#(U, "#& #==.+,%& 5%(%,=.#"%&T
2Q !+,=.%,=.#(&% -% V<% =#-# /.'+ -% ,%5+=.+ ,%=%&./# '%(&+,#& =+, '%(9."%& %&'%=S9.=+& C
V<% =#-# '<%&/+ -% /(#0#*+ %Z.&/%,/% %, "# %)'(%&# /.%,% =#(#=/%(S&/.=#& '(+'.#& C -%0%
&%( +=<'#-+ '+( '(+9%&.+,#"%& V<% '+&%#, <, -%/%().,#-+ '%(9." -% =+)'%/%,=.#&Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 3G
3Q b%=+,+=%( V<% #V<W""+& V<% +=<'#, '<%&/+& 5%(%,=.#"%&I &+, (%&'+,&#0"%& -% +9(%=%(
+'+(/<,.-#-%& V<% '%()./#, %" -%&#((+""+ C #-V<.&.=.>, -% ,<%$#& =+)'%/%,=.#&Q
[Q E&/#( =+,$%,=.-+& -% V<% &.%)'(% K#0(U %&'#=.+ '#(# %" -%&#((+""+ -% ,<%$#&
=+)'%/%,=.#&I C V<% # "+ V<% K+C &% %Z.5% =+)+ 0<%, -%&%)'%F+ -% <,# /#(%#I )#F#,#
'+-(U, #5(%5U(&%"% ,<%$+& -%&#9S+&Q
E&/#& '(%).&#& 0U&.=#& -%0%, &%( -.9<,-.-#& K#&/# V<% &%#, '#(/% -% "# =<"/<(# 5%,%(#" C
&%#, .,/%(,#".O#-#& %, "#& #=/./<-%& C =+)'+(/#).%,/+& -% /+-+&Q Y+( %&+I '<%-%
#9.()#(&% V<% %" =+)'"%)%,/+ '%(9%=/+ -% "# 5%&/.>, '+( =+)'%/%,=.#& %& <, 0<%,
&.&/%)# -% =+)<,.=#=.>, %, "# %)'(%&#Q
Las etapas de implantación del modelo
R# 5%&/.>, '+( =+)'%/%,=.#& %& <, )+-%"+ V<% &% .,&/#"# # /(#$W& -% <, '(+5(#)# V<%
=+,/%)'"# "+& &.5<.%,/%& '#&+& V<% &% &<=%-%, -% %&/# )#,%(#T
2Q 4%,&.0.".O#=.>,
Y#(# "+5(#( %" WZ./+ %& 9<,-#)%,/#" "# #-K%&.>, #" '(+C%=/+ -% "#& '%(&+,#& ="#$% V<%
5%&/.+,#, "+& '<%&/+& -% /(#0#*+Q R# &%,&.0.".O#=.>, -% %&/% '60".=+I %, 0<&=# -% <,
=+)'(+).&+I %& "# '(.)%(# %/#'# -%" '(+=%&+Q E&/# &%,&.0.".O#=.>, '+-(U &%( (%#".O#-# #
/(#$W& -% )%/+-+"+5S#& $#(.#-#& =+)+T
t b%<,.+,%& -% '(%&%,/#=.>, C -.&=<&.>, -%" )+-%"+I '#(# %" -%&#((+""+ C #-V<.&.=.>,
-% ,<%$#& =+)'%/%,=.#&Q
t ;+=<& -% -.&=<&.>, V<% /%,-(U, =+)+ 9.,#".-#- -%/%=/#( "#& =#(%,=.#& -%" )+-%"+
$.5%,/%Q
t Y#(/.=.'#=.>, %, =K#("#& + &%).,#(.+& %&'%=S9.=+& V<% /(#/%, %" /%)#Q
3Q A,U".&.& -% "+& '<%&/+& -% /(#0#*+
X,# $%O "+5(#-# "# #-K%&.>, C =+)'(+).&+ -% "# #"/# 5%(%,=.# C "#& '%(&+,#& ="#$%I &%
.,.=.# "# &%5<,-# %/#'#Q _+& #==.+,%& &+, 9<,-#)%,/#"%& %, %&/% )+)%,/+T
t @%(.9.=#( &. "#& ).&.+,%& + '"#,%& %&/(#/W5.=+& -% "#& U(%#& %, '#(/.=<"#( &+,
=+)'#/.0"%& =+, "# f.&.>, -% "# %)'(%&#Q
t b%#".O#( <,# -%&=(.'=.>, =+)'"%/# -% =#-# '<%&/+ -% /(#0#*+I ".&/#,-+ "#&
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 3M
#=/.$.-#-%& =+((%&'+,-.%,/%& # =#-# <,+Q
[Q _%9.,.=.>, -%" '%(9." -% =+)'%/%,=.#& (%V<%(.-#&
R# /%(=%(# %/#'# =+,&.&/% %, ".&/#( "#& =+)'%/%,=.#& (%V<%(.-#& '#(# =#-# U(%# C -%9.,.(
"+& '%(9."%& %, 0#&% # %""+Q Y<%-% '#(%=%( %" '#&+ )U& &%,=.""+ CI &., %)0#(5+I &<
.)'+(/#,=.# %& ="#$% '#(# "+5(#( <,# =+((%=/# .)'"#,/#=.>, -%" )W/+-+Q A" =(%#( "#& ".&/#&
-% =+)'%/%,=.#& K#C V<% &%( %ZK#<&/.$+ C #" -%9.,.( "+& '%(9."%&I '(%=.&+Q
cQ E$#"<#=.>, &.&/%)U/.=# C (%-%9.,.=.>, -% "+& '%(9."%&
E" '(+=%&+ -% %$#"<#=.>, C (%-%9.,.=.>, -% '%(9."%& %& 9<,-#)%,/#" '#(# %" WZ./+ -%"
)+-%"+Q R# '"#,# 5%(%,=.#" &%(U (%&'+,&#0"% -%" #=+)'#F#).%,/+ C -%&#((+""+ -% &<&
%V<.'+&I .-%,/.9.=#,-+ "+& '<,/+& -% %Z=%"%,=.# C "+& -% .,&<9.=.%,=.#Q A&ST
t R+& =+"#0+(#-+(%& V<% -%)<%&/(%, <, -%&%)'%F+ #=+(-% + %,=.)# -%" '%(9."
%Z.5.-+I (%=.0.(U, ,<%$+& -%&#9S+& C &%(U, %&/.)<"#-+& # -%&#((+""#( ,<%$#&
=+)'%/%,=.#&Q
t R+& =+"#0+(#-+(%& V<% '(%&%,/%, <, -%&%)'%F+ '+( -%0#*+ -%" '%(9." %Z.5.-+I
&%(U, 9+()#-+& C '#(/.=.'#(U, %, '(+5(#)#& -% =#'#=./#=.>, C -%&#((+""+ =(%#-+&
#- K+=Q
Las ventajas del modelo
R# )#C+(S# -% "#& %)'(%&#& .,$.%(/% -% 9+()# )<C /S).-# %, %" -%&#((+""+ -% &<& %V<.'+&I
'+( )+/.$+& V<% $#(S#,T -%&-% "# .,%Z.&/%,=.# -% %&/(#/%5.#& &.&/%)#/.O#-#& -% %$#"<#=.>,
-% -%&%)'%F+I K#&/# %" -%&=+,+=.).%,/+ -% "# .)'+(/#,=.# -% "# 9+()#=.>, -% <, =#'./#"
.,/%"%=/<#" =+)+ 9#=/+( -.9%(%,=.#"Q
R# 5%&/.>, '+( =+)'%/%,=.#&I #-%)U& -% &<'".( %&/#& "#5<,#&I #'+(/# .,,<)%(#0"%&
$%,/#*#& =+)+T
t R# '+&.0.".-#- -% -%9.,.( '%(9."%& '(+9%&.+,#"%& V<% 9#$+(%=%(U, # "# '(+-<=/.$.-#-Q
t E" -%&#((+""+ -% %V<.'+& V<% '+&%#, "#& =+)'%/%,=.#& ,%=%&#(.#& '#(# &< U(%#
%&'%=S9.=# -% /(#0#*+Q
t R# .-%,/.9.=#=.>, -% "+& '<,/+& -W0."%&I '%()./.%,-+ .,/%($%,=.+,%& -% )%*+(# V<%
5#(#,/.O#, "+& (%&<"/#-+&Q
t R# 5%&/.>, -%" -%&%)'%F+ %, 0#&% # +0*%/.$+& )%-.0"%&I =<#,/.9.=#0"%& C =+,
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 3H
'+&.0.".-#- -% +0&%($#=.>, -.(%=/#Q
t E" #<)%,/+ -% "# '(+-<=/.$.-#- C "# +'/.).O#=.>, -% "+& (%&<"/#-+&Q
t R# =+,=.%,=.#=.>, -% "+& %V<.'+& '#(# V<% #&<)#, "# =+((%&'+,&#0.".-#- -% &<
#</+-%&#((+""+Q r+(,U,-+&% <, '(+=%&+ -% /+-+& 5#,#, Lu., B u.,NI -%&-% %"
)+)%,/+ %, V<% "#& %Z'%=/#/.$#& -% /+-+& %&/U, #/%,-.-#&Q
t !<#,-+ &% .,&/#"# "# 5%(%,=.# '+( =+)'%/%,=.#&I &% %$./# V<% "+& 5%(%,/%& C &<&
=+"#0+(#-+(%& '.%(-#, %" /.%)'+ %, '(+5(#)#& -% 9+()#=.>, C -%&#((+""+ V<% ,+
/.%,%, V<% $%( =+, "#& ,%=%&.-#-%& -% "# %)'(%&# + "#& ,%=%&.-#-%& '#(/.=<"#(%&
-% =#-# '<%&/+ -% /(#0#*+Q
!+)+ '<%-% =+)'(+0#(&%I %&/% )+-%"+ %& )<C 0%,%9.=.+&+ '#(# =<#"V<.%( +(5#,.O#=.>, C
/(#& .)'"#,/#(&% "+& ,.$%"%& -% (%,-.).%,/+ )%*+(#, (U'.-#)%,/%Q R+ .)'+(/#,/% %& V<%
&%#, "#& =+)'%/%,=.#& "#& V<% -%9.,#, "+& '%(9."%&I C ,+ #" =+,/(#(.+I C# V<% &>"+ #&S &%
'<%-% %,=+,/(#( # "#& '%(&+,#& V<% &+, )%*+(%& '#(# -%&%)'%F#("#&I "+& =#,-.-#/+&
.-%#"%& '#(# =#-# '<%&/+I #=/.$.-#- + /#(%#Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 3P
9. Consejos y buenas prácticas
para mejorar el rendimiento
laboral
E" WZ./+ -% <,# %)'(%&# -%'%,-% %, 5(#, )%-.-# -%" -%&%)'%F+ C 0.%,%&/#( -% &<&
/(#0#*#-+(%&Q 4. "+& %)'"%#-+& %&/U, # 5<&/+I &< (%,-.).%,/+ &%(U )%*+(I C #<)%,/#(U "#
'(+-<=/.$.-#-Q R# %)'(%&# /%,-(U )%*+( .)#5%, C %&/#(U )%*+( '+&.=.+,#-# %, %"
)%(=#-+Q
Y#(# 5#(#,/.O#( <, 0<%, -%&%)'%F+ "#0+(#" %& .)'+(/#,/% V<% "+& /(#0#*#-+(%& /%,5#,
="#(#&T
B 4<& 9<,=.+,%&Q
B R+& '(+=%-.).%,/+& # &%5<.(Q
B R+& +0*%/.$+& # =<)'".(Q
o %, %&/% '(+=%&+ "# )+/.$#=.>, V<% =#-# <,+ /%,5# %, %" "<5#( -% /(#0#*+ &%(U
9<,-#)%,/#" '#(# +0/%,%( "+& (%&<"/#-+& %&'%(#-+&Q
!+,&%*+& '#(# 9+)%,/#( %" 0<%, -%&%)'%F+ "#0+(#"
2Q ?<%, #)0.%,/% -% /(#0#*+T %V<.$#"% # )#C+(%& '+&.0.".-#-%& '#(# %" /(#0#*#-+( -%
"+5(#( <, -%&%)'%F+ >'/.)+ %, &<& /#(%#&Q Y#(# "+5(#("+ %& .)'+(/#,/%T
B 4%,/.(&% C K#=%( V<% /+-+ %" )<,-+ &% &.%,/# =>)+-+ %, "# +9.=.,#Q
B 4%"%==.+,#( # "+& %)'"%#-+& &%56, &<& K#0.".-#-%&
B A&%5<(#(&% -% V<% %" .,-.$.-<+ /.%,% "+& =+,+=.).%,/+&I K#0.".-#-%& C %Z'%(.%,=.#
&<9.=.%,/%&I C V<% #-%)U& %&/W )+/.$#-+Q
3Q E&/#0"%=%( +0*%/.$+&T /(#0#*#( '+( +0*%/.$+& %& <,# 0<%,# /W=,.=# '#(# )+/.$#( # "+&
%)'"%#-+&I '<%& &< =+,&%=<=.>, K#(U V<% &% &.%,/#, &#/.&9%=K+&Q _%0%, &%( +0*%/.$+&T
B @.#0"%&
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 [:
B f%-.0"%&
B q<% '"#,/%%, <, -%&#9S+Q
!<#,/+ )%*+( %,/.%,-#, ,<%&/(+& /(#0#*#-+(%& V<W %& "+ V<% &% %&'%(# -% %""+&I )%*+(
-%&%)'%F#(U, &<& "#0+(%&Q A<,V<% /#)0.W, %& ,%=%&#(.+ V<% &%'#, "+ V<% '<%-%,
%&'%(#( # =#)0.+ -% "# +(5#,.O#=.>,Q
[Q ;+()#=.>,T %" -%&#((+""+ '(+9%&.+,#" =+,&/#,/% -% "+& /(#0#*#-+(%& K#(U V<% &% &.%,/#,
)+/.$#-+&Q ;+)%,/#( "+& =<(&+& -% 9+()#=.>, %, "# %)'(%&#I + 9<%(# -% %""#I %&
0%,%9.=.+&+ /#,/+ '#(# %" %)'"%#-+( =+)+ '#(# %" %)'"%#-+ V<%T
B 4% &%,/.(U +(5<""+&+ -% "+& "+5(+& =+,&%5<.-+&Q
B f%*+(#(U &< #</+%&/.)#Q
B A<)%,/#(U &< ,.$%" -% &#/.&9#==.>, "#0+(#"Q
B Y+-(U .,="<&+ +'/#( # <,# '(+)+=.>,Q
cQ Y#(/.=.'#=.>,T d#=%( '#(/S=.'% #" %)'"%#-+ %, "# /+)# -% -%=.&.+,%& =+,&%5<.(U V<%
W&/% K#5# &<C+ %" '(+-<=/+ 9.,#"Q _%)+=(#/.O#( "# '"#,.9.=#=.>, -% /#(%#&T
B 8)'(.)% =+,9.#,O# %, %" /(#0#*#-+(Q
B ;+)%,/# &< &%,/.).%,/+ -% '%(/%,%,=.# # "# %)'(%&#Q
JQ b%=+,+=.).%,/+T -% %,/(% /+-#& "#& (%=+)%,-#=.+,%&I "# )U& .)'+(/#,/% '#(#
'(+)+$%( <, 0<%, -%&%)'%F+ "#0+(#"I %& %" (%=+,+=.).%,/+ -%" /(#0#*+ '+( '#(/% -%"
&<'%(.+(Q A" (%=+,+=%( V<% &% %&/U K#=.%,-+ <, 0<%, /(#0#*+ + )+&/(#( &#/.&9#==.>, '+( "+
"+5(#-+I %" %)'"%#-+ &% &.%,/% $#"+(#-+I 6/." C $% &< #</+%&/.)# (%9+(O#-#Q
GQ EV<.-#-T '(+)+$%( "# .5<#"-#- -% /(#/+ %$./# =+,&%=<%,=.#& V<% '<%-%, .,9"<.( %, "#
'(+-<=/.$.-#- C "# %9.=.%,=.# -%" %)'"%#-+ =#<&#-#& '+(T
B q<% %" %)'"%#-+ &% &.%,/# .,*<&/#)%,/% /(#/#-+Q
B q<% &% 5%,%(% %" -%&=+,/%,/+Q
MQ _#( %*%)'"+T "#& ,+()#&I (%5"#& + '+"S/.=#& &+0(% "+ V<% &% '<%-% + ,+ K#=%(I &% -%0%,
#'".=#( # /+-+& '+( .5<#"I .,="<C%,-+ # "+& (%&'+,&#0"%& -% "# +(5#,.O#=.>,Q R# =#/%5+(S#
'(+9%&.+,#" ,+ %& <,# %Z=%'=.>,Q
HQ b%/(+#".)%,/#=.>,T K#=%( (%/(+#".)%,/#=.>, =+,&.&/% %, '(+)+$%( "# )%*+(# =+,/.,<#Q R#
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 [2
<,# ,+ '<%-% %Z.&/.( &., "# +/(# C '#(# #)0#& %& ,%=%&#(.+T
B E$#"<#( %" -%&%)'%F+ -%" '%(&+,#"Q
B 4%F#"#( "+& %((+(%& =+)%/.-+& + -%/%=/#( "+& 0#*+& (%,-.).%,/+&Q
B _%&=<0(.( "+& 9#=/+(%& V<% "+& )+/.$#,Q
B Y(+'+,%( )%*+(#& C &+"<=.+,%&Q
PQ f+/.$#=.>,T "# )+/.$#=.>, K# -% &%( <,# =+,&/#,/% %, "# $.-# -% "# +(5#,.O#=.>, C <,+
-% &<& +0*%/.$+&Q d#&/# V<% &% =+,&.5# .,/%5(#( %, '(+=%&+& ,#/<(#"%& K#C V<% /(#0#*#("#I
%,/(%,U,-+&% C %&9+(OU,-+&% '+( %&/#( )+/.$#-+& C &%( )+/.$#-+(%&Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 [3
10. Sistemas de recompensa,
retribución y pagos
iR+& '#5+& &+, (%/(.0<=.>, + (%=+)'%,&#j iE, V<W &% -.9%(%,=.# "# (%/(.0<=.>, -% "+&
.,=%,/.$+&j iq<W K#C -%/(U& -%" .,=%,/.$+ C V<W K#C -%/(U& -%" )+/.$+j iq<W &.&/%)# -%
(%=+)'%,&# %& )U& %9.=#Oj
E" .,=%,/.$+ %& %Z/%(,+ # "# '%(&+,# C &< (%"#=.>, =+, %" /(#0#*+I ).%,/(#& V<% %" )+/.$+ &.
0.%, '<%-% &%( '(+$+=#-+ '+( <, 9#=/+( %Z/%(.+(I "+ )U& '(+0#0"% %& V<% &%# =(%#-+ '+( %"
'(+'.+ .,-.$.-<+ # '#(/.( -% '(+=%&+& =+5,+&=./.$+& + #9%=/.$+& -% 9+()# /#" V<% &< #==.>,
(%&<"/% .,-<=.-+ '+( (#&5+& -% &< '%(&+,#".-#-I '+( "+ V<% '.%,&#I =(%% + "+ V<% '%(=.0%
9(%,/% # <,# &./<#=.>,Q
R+& )+/.$+& &+, .,/%(,+&I %" .,=%,/.$+ %& %Z/%(.+( C '+( %&+ "+& '(.)%(+& '<%-%, &%( /#,/+
.,/%(,+& =+)+ %Z/%(,+&I ).%,/(#& V<% "+& &%5<,-+& &+, &>"+ %Z/%(,+&I C# V<% <,+ ).&)+
,+ &% '<%-% .,=%,/.$#(Q
¿Qué factores condicionan el comportamiento en el
trabajo?
R#
-.&/.,=.>,
%,/(%
"+&
9#=/+(%&
%Z/(S,&%=+&
%
.,/(S,&%=+& V<% =+,-.=.+,#, %"
=+)'+(/#).%,/+ %, %" /(#0#*+ %& "# '#(/% =%,/(#" -%" %&/<-.+ V<% ;(%-%(.=l d%(O0%(5 ""%$>
# =#0+I =<C#& =+,="<&.+,%& V<%-#(+, '"#&)#-#& %, x^,% )+(% /.)%T d+u -+ C+<
)+/.$#/% %)'"+C%%&jxI d#($#(- ?<&.,%&& b%$.%u B 2PGHQ
A '#(/.( -% "+& %&/<-.+& -% ;(%-%(.=l d%(O0%(5 %& '+&.0"% -.&/.,5<.( %,/(% "+& 9#=/+(%&
%Z/(S,&%=+& % .,/(S,&%=+&Q
#N R+& 9#=/+(%& %Z/(S,&%=+& + .,=%,/.$#-+(%&I ,+ ,%=%&#(.#)%,/% &+, )+/.$#-+(%& '%(+
'<%-%, &%( 5%,%(#-+(%& -% .,&#/.&9#==.>, C #=/./<-%& ,%5#/.$#& &. ,+ &+, =+,+=.-+& C
)#,%*#-+& =+((%=/#)%,/%Q \+ '(+$.%,%, -% "# '%(&+,# &.,+ V<% &<(5%, -% "# %)'(%&# C
&% $.,=<"#, # "# (%"#=.>, %)'(%&# C %)'"%#-+Q E&/#(S#, (%"#=.+,#-+& =+, %" %,/+(,+
"#0+(#"I %" #)0.%,/% -% /(#0#*+ C "#& =+,-.=.+,%& K.5.W,.=#&Q E*%)'"+ -% %""+& &+,T "#&
'+"S/.=#& -% "# %)'(%&#I %" /.'+ -% &<'%($.&.>,I %" &<%"-+ C "#& =+,-.=.+,%& -% /(#0#*+
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 [[
L."<).,#=.>,I (<.-+I /%)'%(#/<(#I %/=QNI %,/(% +/(#&Q
0N R+& 9#=/+(%& .,/(S,&%=+& + )+/.$#-+(%& &+, '(+'.+& -% "# '%(&+,#I 5%,%(#, )+/.$#=.>, C
&#/.&9#==.>, %, %" /(#0#*+Q E,/(% %""+& &% .-%,/.9.=#,T "#& '+&.0.".-#-%& -% "+5(+I "+& /(#0#*+&
-%&#9.#,/%&I %" '(+5(%&+I %" (%=+,+=.).%,/+I %" %&/#/<& C %" =(%=.).%,/+ %, %" /(#0#*+Q Y+(
%*%)'"+I "+& %)'(%,-%-+(%& &+, '%(&+,#& V<% /.%,%, <, #"/+ =+)'+,%,/% -% 9#=/+(%&
.,/(S,&%=+& V<% =+,&/./<C%, <,# '+-%(+&# 9<%,/% -% #</+)+/.$#=.>, V<% K#=% V<% &%
%&)%(%, #" )UZ.)+ %, &<& /#(%#& #" ).&)+ /.%)'+ V<% -.&9(</#, =+, &<& "+5(+&Q E& <,
/.'+ -% #</+)+/.$#=.>, )<C %9.=#OI #<,V<% ,+ /+-#& "#& '%(&+,#& &+, =#'#=%& -%
#"=#,O#("#Q Y+( %&+ &+, ,%=%&#(.+& #5%,/%& %Z/%(,+&Q
E&/U ="#(+ V<% /+-#& "#& '%(&+,#& #=/6#, (%&'+,-.%,-+ # 9#=/+(%& .,/(S,&%=+& C '+( %&+
"+& #-).,.&/(#-+(%& + %)'(%&#(.+& /.%,%, V<% 5%,%(#( '+"S/.=#& C '(U=/.=#& +(.%,/#-#& #
9+)%,/#( "# 9<%(O# -% %&+& )+/.$#-+(%&Q A<,V<% /#)0.W, "%& =+((%&'+,-% #/%,-%( # "+&
9#=/+(%& %Z/(S,&%=+& '#(# V<% +(.%,/%, '+&./.$#)%,/% "# =+,-<=/# -% "#& '%(&+,#& %, %"
/(#0#*+Q E&/#& +0".5#=.+,%& -%" %)'(%&#(.+ %&/U, ".5#-#& #" )#,%*+ -% "+& .,=%,/.$+&I C#
&%#, )+,%/#(.+& + ,+ )+,%/#(.+&Q
Incentivos y retribuciones
R# '#"#0(# .,=%,/.$+ '+-(S# -%9.,.(&% =+)+ #"5+ V<%I # /(#$W& -% "# %Z'%=/#/.$# -%
=+,&%=<=.>, -% <,# (%=+)'%,&#I .,-<=% C )+/.$# # <, %&9<%(O+ %&'%=.#"Q 4<& '(.,=.'#"%&
=#(#=/%(S&/.=#& &+, V<% &% /(#/# -% (%=+)'%,&#& '<,/<#"%& C V<% -%0%, '(+$%,.( -%
9<%,/%& #*%,#& # "# '(+'.# '%(&+,#Q
R# (%/(.0<=.>, =+,&/./<C% <,+ -% "+& .,&/(<)%,/+& )U& .)'+(/#,/%& '#(# #"=#,O#( "+&
+0*%/.$+& -% "# -.(%==.>, -% bbdd -% "# %)'(%&#Q E""# -%/%().,# %" =+)'+(/#).%,/+ -%"
.,-.$.-<+Q !+)+ #9.()# A()&/(+,5 L2PPGNI "# (%/(.0<=.>, %, &S ).&)# &% )#,.9.%&/# =+)+
<, '+-%(+&+ )+/.$#-+( -%" %)'"%#-+ V<% /(#0#*# "+ )%*+( '+&.0"% #'".=#,-+ %" )UZ.)+
%&9<%(O+ %, "# %*%=<=.>, -% "#& /#(%#& V<% &% "% K#, #&.5,#-+Q
E, =+,&%=<%,=.#I =+,/#( =+, <,# #-%=<#-# 5%&/.>, -% (%/(.0<=.+,%& '%()./.(UT
B A/(#%( # '%(&+,#& V<% -%&%)'%F%, =+, 5#(#,/S# &<& /#(%#&Q
B f+/.$#( #" '%(&+,#"Q
B b%/%,%( %" /#"%,/+Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 [c
R# 5%&/.>, (%/(.0</.$# -%0% #-%=<#(&% =+,/.,<#)%,/% # "#& ,%=%&.-#-%& C +0*%/.$+&
'#(/.=<"#(%& -% =#-# +(5#,.O#=.>,Q
_% 9+()# 5%,%(#" "# (%/(.0<=.>, %& $#".+&# '#(# "+& %)'"%#-+& '+( (#O+,%& %=+,>).=#&I
&+=.+">5.=#& C '&.=+">5.=#&Q Y+(V<% (%'(%&%,/# "# 0#&% -%" ,.$%" -% $.-#I '+(V<% %*%(=%
<,# %"%$#-# .,9"<%,=.# %, %" %&/#/<& -%" %)'"%#-+ C 9.,#")%,/% '+(V<% &% (%"#=.+,# =+,
&%,/.).%,/+& -% $#"S# '%(&+,#"I =+)+ %" -%&%+ V<% /.%,% %" .,-.$.-<+ -% (%#".O#( 0.%, &<
/(#0#*+
Y%(+ iV<W /.'+ -% (%/(.0<=.>, %& #=+,&%*#0"% %)'"%#(j R# (%/(.0<=.>, 0#&#-# %, %"
(%,-.).%,/+ %& <,+ -% "+& '(.,=.'#"%& )+/.$#-+(%& -%" %)'"%#-+ C &+, )<=K+& "+&
%&/<-.+& V<% K#, =+((+0+(#-+ %&/#& .-%#&I %,=+,/(#,-+ V<% -%/%().,#-+& &.&/%)#& -%
(%/(.0<=.>, 0#&#-+& %, %" (%,-.).%,/+ .,=(%)%,/#, "# )+/.$#=.>, -%" .,-.$.-<+Q
A %&/% /.'+ -% &.&/%)#&I /#)0.W, &% "%& =+,+=% =+)+ &.&/%)#& -% .,=%,/.$+&I C &%
-.9%(%,=.#, -% +/(+& '+(V<% &.%)'(% (%=+)'%,&#, %" (%,-.).%,/+ -% "+& %)'"%#-+&
#'+CU,-+&% %, /(%& &<'+&.=.+,%&T
B R+& %)'"%#-+& .,-.$.-<#"%& C "+& %V<.'+& -% /(#0#*+ &+, -.&/.,/+& %, "+ V<% (%&'%=/# # &<
#'+(/#=.>, # "# %)'(%&# ,+ &>"+ %, "+ V<% K#=%,I &.,+ /#)0.W, %, =>)+ "+ K#=%,Q
B E" (%,-.).%,/+ /+/#" -% "# %)'(%&# -%'%,-% %, 5(#, )%-.-# -%" (%,-.).%,/+ -% "+&
.,-.$.-<+& C 5(<'+& V<% "# =+,9+()#,Q
BY#(# #/(#%(I =+,&%($#( C )+/.$#( # "+& )%*+(%& C &%( *<&/# =+, /+-+& "+& %)'"%#-+&I <,#
%)'(%&# -%0% (%=+)'%,&#( # /+-+& &<& %)'"%#-+& %, 9<,=.>, -% &< (%,-.).%,/+ (%"#/.$+Q
Elegir el sistema de recompensas adecuado: casos de
éxito
X, %&/<-.+ -% y#/&+, yC#// y+("-u.-% &+0(% [ ).""+,%& -% /(#0#*#-+(%& -% JJ2
=+)'#FS#& -% 5(#, /#)#F+ =+,="<C> V<%I #V<W""#& V<% K#0S#, -%&#((+""#-+ '(+5(#)#&
-% .,=%,/.$+& C )+/.$#=.>,I =+,&%5<S#, <, (%/+(,+ '#(# &<& #==.+,.&/#& -%" 2:Pe &+0(% <,
'%(.+-+ -% 3 #F+&I =+)'#(#-+ =+, %" J3e -% "#& %)'(%&#& V<% ,+ "+& K#0S#,
-%&#((+""#-+Q
\+ %& %" 6,.=+ %*%)'"+Q \<)%(+&+& %&/<-.+& -%)<%&/(#, %" WZ./+ -% %&/% /.'+ -% &.&/%)#&
-% (%=+)'%,&#& 9(%,/% # +/(+&T
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 [J
t R+& '(+5(#)#& -% .,=%,/.$+&T .,=(%)%,/#, %" (%,-.).%,/+ .,-.$.-<#" <, 33eI %"
(%,-.).%,/+ -% %V<.'+& <, cce C %" =+)'(+).&+ "#0+(#" #,/% +0*%/.$+& <, 3MeQ
4%56, 84Y8k48rE b%&%#(=KI 3::3Q
t R+& .,=%,/.$+& /#,5.0"%&T )%*+(#, "#& $%,/#& <, cGe &. &% =+)'#(# =+, "+&
(%&<"/#-+& +0/%,.-+& =<#,-+ %" .,=%,/.$+ =+,&.&/% %, <,# (%/(.0<=.>, )+,%/#(.#Q
s++-C%#( b%&%#(=KI 2PPcQ
t !#&% 4/<-C s++-C%#( r.(% C b<00%( !+Q (%=+)'%,&#(+, # <, 5(<'+ =+, -.,%(+ C #
+/(+ =+, (%5#"+& + (%=+)'%,&#& ,+ )+,%/#(.#& L=+)+ $.#*%&I -S#& -% $#=#=.+,%& +
/%"%/(#0#*+ -+& -S#& # "# &%)#,#N %, %" )#(=+ -% <, '(+5(#)# -% .,=%,/.$+&
=+)%(=.#"%&Q E" (%&<"/#-+ 9<% V<% %" 5(<'+ (%=+)'%,&#-+ =+, '(%).+& ,+
%=+,>).=+& &<'%(> #" +/(+ 5(<'+ %, <, cGeQ
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 [G
11. Despido por bajo rendimiento
laboral. Inversión realizada en
capital humano
E" -%&'.-+ '+( 0#*+ (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" .)'".=# V<% %" /(#0#*#-+( '.%(-% &< %)'"%+ &.,
(%=.0.( .,-%),.O#=.>, #"5<,#Q E&/% )+-%"+ -% %Z/.,=.>, -%" =+,/(#/+ &% %,5"+0# -%,/(+ -%
"# =#/%5+(S# -% -%&'.-+& -.&=.'".,#(.+& V<%I &%56, %" #(/S=<"+ Jc -%" E&/#/</+ -% "+&
r(#0#*#-+(%&I &+, #V<W""+& %, "+& V<% "# %Z/.,=.>, =+,/(#=/<#" &% '(+-<=% '+( $+"<,/#<,."#/%(#" -%" %)'(%&#(.+I 0#&#-# %, <, .,=<)'".).%,/+ =+,/(#=/<#" 5(#$% C =<"'#0"% -%"
/(#0#*#-+(Q
R+& %"%)%,/+& V<% =+,9.5<(#, %" -%&'.-+ '+( 0#*+ (%,-.).%,/+ &+,T
B
R#& 9#"/#& (%'%/.-#& % .,*<&/.9.=#-#& -% #&.&/%,=.# + '<,/<#".-#- =+)%/.-#& '+( %"
/(#0#*#-+(Q
B 4< .,-.&=.'".,#I -%&+0%-.%,=.# < +9%,&#& $%(0#"%& #" %)'(%&#(.+ + =+)'#F%(+& %, %"
/(#0#*+Q
B R# /(#,&5(%&.>, -% "# 0<%,# 9% =+,/(#=/<#" + #0<&+ -% "# =+,9.#,O# %, %" -%&%)'%F+Q
B R# -.&).,<=.>, =+,/.,<#-# C $+"<,/#(.# -%" (%,-.).%,/+ -% /(#0#*+Q
B R# %)0(.#5<%O K#0./<#" + /+Z.=+)#,S# &. (%'%(=</%, ,%5#/.$#)%,/% %, %" /(#0#*+Q
B ^ %" #=+&+ #" %)'(%&#(.+ + =+)'#F%(+& '+( )+/.$+& (#=.#"%&I (%".5.+&+&I &%Z<#"%& + -%
-.&=#'#=.-#-Q
Qué implica el despido disciplinario
!<#,-+ &% '(+-<=% #"5<,+ + $#(.+& -% "+& &<'<%&/+& =+,/%)'"#-+& %, "S,%#&
'(%=%-%,/%&I %" %)'(%&#(.+ +'/# '+( %" -%&'.-+ =+)+ #"/%(,#/.$#Q o '#(# K#=%("+
=+((%=/#)%,/%I -%0% +0&%($#( "+& (%V<.&./+& 9+()#"%& V<% &% #'".=#, # %&/# /.'+ -%
#==.+,%&I %,/(% "+& V<% -%&/#=# "# ,+/.9.=#=.>, %&=(./#I %, "# V<% -%0%, 9.5<(#( "+& K%=K+&
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 [M
V<% "+ )+/.$#, -% 9+()# ="#(# C '(%=.&#I #&S =+)+ "# 9%=K# %, "# V<% $# # &<(/.( %9%=/+&
L#(/S=<"+ J E&/#/</+ -% "+& r(#0#*#-+(%&NQ
E" .,=<)'".).%,/+ -% "+& (%V<.&./+& 9+()#"%& -%" -%&'.-+ K#(U ,%=%&#(.+ (%#".O#( <,+ ,<%$+
%, %" V<% &% =<)'"#, "+& (%V<.&./+& +)./.-+& %, %" '(%=%-%,/%Q _.=K+ ,<%$+ -%&'.-+ '+-(U
(%#".O#(&% %, %" '"#O+ -% 3: -S#& -%&-% "# 9%=K# -%" '(.)%(+Q E" %)'(%&#(.+ -%0%(U
#-%)U& ".V<.-#( "#& (%/(.0<=.+,%& '%,-.%,/%& -% '#5+ K#&/# "# 9%=K# -%" -%&'.-+ C
%,/(%5#( #" /(#0#*#-+( %" =+((%&'+,-.%,/% (%=.0+ + 9.,.V<./+Q
r#)0.W, "+& '"#O+& &+, .)'+(/#,/%&I CI =+)+ &%F#"#, "+& #(/S=<"+& JH C G:Q3Q -%" E&/#/</+I
%" -%&'.-+ -%0%(U (%#".O#(&% %, "+& G: -S#& &.5<.%,/%& # "# 9%=K# %, "# V<% "# %)'(%&#
/<$+ =+,+=.).%,/+ -%" .,=<)'".).%,/+ "#0+(#" C %, /+-+ =#&+ # "+& G )%&%& -% K#0%(&%
=+)%/.-+Q
4., %)0#(5+I %& -.9S=." -%)+&/(#( "# -.&).,<=.>, -%" (%,-.).%,/+I &. W&% %& %" =#&+I '+( "+
V<% %" #,/.5<+ %)'"%#-+ '+-(S# /%().,#( -%,<,=.#,-+ # "# %)'(%&#Q E" *<%O ,+()#")%,/%
-#(U "# (#O>, #" /(#0#*#-+(I '<%&/+ V<% %& )<C =+)'".=#-+ -%)+&/(#( %" 0#*+ (%,-.).%,/+
-% <, /(#0#*#-+( %, %)'(%&#& -+,-% %" /(#0#*+I "# '(+-<==.>, C "#& $%,/#& -%'%,-%, -%
$#(.#& '%(&+,#&Q
4. %" *<%O -# "# (#O>, #" %)'"%#-+ C -%="#(# %" -%&'.-+ =+)+ .)'(+=%-%,/%I "# %)'(%&#
/%,-(S# V<% '#5#( #" #9%=/#-+ "# .,-%),.O#=.>, =+((%&'+,-.%,/%I V<% #&=.%,-% # [[ -S#&
'+( #F+ /(#0#*#-+ %, <, )UZ.)+ -% 3c )%,&<#".-#-%&Q
Y#(# =+,+=%( )U& .,9+()#=.>, #=%(=# -% "#& -.&/.,/#& =#".9.=#=.+,%& -%" -%&'.-+I '<%-%,
=+,&<"/#(&% "+& #(/S=<"+& JJQ[IcIJIGIM C JG -%" E&/#/</+ -% "+& r(#0#*#-+(%&Q
Los costes del despido
\+ +0&/#,/%I "+& =+&/%& -%" -%&'.-+ ,+ &% (%-<=%, # &#"#(.+& -% /(#)./#=.>,I
.,-%),.O#=.+,%&I %/=Q I &.,+ V<% %&/# -%=.&.>, #=#((%# =+,&.5+ <,# &%(.% -% 5#&/+& V<%
)<=K#& %)'(%&#& +"$.-#, /%,%( %, =<%,/# %, &<& =U"=<"+&Q 4+, "+& =+&/%& -% (+/#=.>, -%
%)'"%#-+&Q 4#0%( K#&/# V<W ,.$%" -% (+/#=.>, -% '%(&+,#" '<%-% <,# +(5#,.O#=.>,
&+'+(/#( &., $%(&% )<C #9%=/#-#I %& <, '(+0"%)# V<% =#-# +(5#,.O#=.>, -%0% %$#"<#(
&%56, &<& '(+'.+& =U"=<"+& % .,/%(%&%&Q
R+& =+&/%& -% (+/#=.>, -% '%(&+,#" '+-(S#, -.$.-.(&% %, /(%& 5(<'+&T =+&/%& '(.)#(.+&I
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 [H
&%=<,-#(.+& C /%(=.#(.+&Q
!+&/%& '(.)#(.+&T &+, "+& V<% &% (%"#=.+,#, -.(%=/#)%,/% =+, %" (%/.(+ -% =#-# %)'"%#-+
C &< (%%)'"#O+ '+( +/(+I &.%,-+ %).,%,/%)%,/% =<#,/./#/.$+&Q 4% /(#/# -% "+& &.5<.%,/%&T
B !+&/%& -% (%="</#).%,/+ C &%"%==.>,T (%="</#).%,/+I &+".=./<- -% %)'"%+I
'<0".=#=.+,%&I &%($.=.+& -% #$.&+& )W-.=+&I %/=Q
B!+&/%& -% (%5.&/(+ C -+=<)%,/#=.>,T 5#&/+& -% (%5.&/(+ C -+=<)%,/#=.>,I
-%'%,-%,=.# -% (%5.&/(+I =<%,/# 0#,=#(.#I 9+()<"#(.+&I %/=Q
B !+&/%& -% .,5(%&+T 5#&/+& -% 9+()#=.>,I =+&/+ -%" /.%)'+ .,$%(/.-+ -%"
&<'%($.&+(I =+&/+ -% .,5(%&+I %/=Q
B !+&/%& -% "# -%&$.,=<"#=.>,T =+&/+ -%" #,/.=.'+ -% '#5+& (%"#=.+,#-+& =+,
$#=#=.+,%&I
=+&/+
-%
"#&
(%5.&/(+
C
-%&$.,=<"#=.>,I
.,-%),.O#=.+,%&I
-+=<)%,/#=.>,I =+&/+ -% "# %,/(%$.&/# -% -%&$.,=<"#=.>,I %/=Q
!+&/%& &%=<,-#(.+&T &+, "+& V<% #0#(=#, #&'%=/+& .,/#,5.0"%& C =#(#=/%(S&/.=#&
=<#"./#/.$#&I -% #KS "# -.9.=<"/#- -% &< %$#"<#=.>,Q d#=%, (%9%(%,=.# # "+& %9%=/+&
=+"#/%(#"%& .,)%-.#/+& -% "# (+/#=.>,Q
B E9%=/+& .,)%-.#/+& -% "# (+/#=.>, ).&)# =+)+ &+,T %9%=/+& %, "# '(+-<==.>,I
'W(-.-# -% '(+-<==.>, Ck+ '(+-<==.>, .,9%(.+(I /.%)'+ #-.=.+,#"I 5#&/+& %Z/(# '#(#
=<0(.( -% '(+-<==.>, $#=#,/% + .,%9.=.%,=.#I %"%$#=.>, -%" =+&/+ <,./#(.+I /.%)'+
#-.=.+,#" .,$%(/.-+ %, "# .,/%5(#=.>, C %,/(%,#).%,/+ L;+()#=.>,NI %,%(5S#
%"W=/(.=#I
"<0(.=#=.>,
'+(
0#*#
'(+-<==.>,
C
=+)0<&/.0"%I
)#,/%,.).%,/+
'"#,%#=.>, C =+,/(+"I #==.-%,/%& -%0.-+ # "# .,/%,&.-#- -% '(+-<==.>,I %((+(%&I
-%&'%(-.=.+& C =+,/(+" -% =#".-#-Q
B E9%=/+& #" .,.=.+ -%" ,<%$+ /(#0#*#-+(T %9%=/+& %, "# #=/./<- -%" '%(&+,#"I .)#5%,I
#=/./<-%& C '(%-.&'+&.=.+,%&; %9%=/+& %, "# 9.5<(# -% &< &<'%($.&+( C %9%=/+& %,
=".%,/%& C '(+$%%-+(%&Q
!+&/%& /%(=.#(.+&T %&/U, (%"#=.+,#-+& =+, "# .)#5%, -% "# %)'(%&# C &+, &>"+ %&/.)#0"%&Q
B f#" #)0.%,/%T #=/./<-%& C =+)%,/#(.+&I -%&)+/.$#=.>,I 9(<&/(#=.>, -% "+&
%)'"%#-+&I %,/(% +/(#&Q
B f#"# .)#5%, -% "# %)'(%&# %, %" )%(=#-+T 'W(-.-# -% .,$%(&.+,%& %, %"
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 [P
,%5+=.+I #"/%(#=.>, -%" &%($.=.+& % .)#5%, )%(=#-+ -% "# %)'(%&#I )%,+&=#0+ %,
"# (%"#=.>, =+, "+& =".%,/%&I %/=Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 c:
12. Conclusiones
E&'#F# ,%=%&./# <, =#)0.+ -% )%,/#".-#- &. V<.%(% )%*+(#( &<& -#/+& -% '(+-<=/.$.-#- C
(%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#"Q R#& %)'(%&#& %&'#F+"#& /.%,%, V<% -#(&% =<%,/# -% V<% &< '(.,=.'#"
,%=%&.-#- ,+ =+,&.&/% %, )%-.( /#,/+ %" $+"<)%, + =#,/.-#- &.,+ V<% '#&# '+( %,/%,-%( %"
=>)+ C "# =#".-#- -%" /(#0#*+ -% "#& '%(&+,#&I C# V<% &+, %" =+)'+,%,/% 9<,-#)%,/#" -%"
,%5+=.+Q
MOTIVACIÓN
E& 9<,-#)%,/#" =+,+=%( # "# '%(&+,# A '#(/.( -% %&/% =+,+=.).%,/+I -% %&/# =%(=#,S#I %&
'+&.0"% .)'"%)%,/#( '+"S/.=#& ="#(#& C %9%=/.$#& -% )+/.$#=.>, "#0+(#" V<% =+,-<O=#, # "#
&#/.&9#==.>, C %" 0.%,%&/#( -%" /(#0#*#-+(I V<% &% /(#-<=% %,T
B X, #"/+ (%,-.).%,/+Q
B f#C+( '(+-<=/.$.-#- %=+,>).=#Q
B f%*+( .)#5%, '#(# "# +(5#,.O#=.>,Q
EVALUACIÓN
R# .)'+(/#,=.# -% #,#".O#( C %$#"<#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" -%,/(+ -% "#& +(5#,.O#=.+,%&
V<%-# 9<%(# -% /+-# -<-# '%(+ %& ,%=%&#(.+ %,/%,-%( V<%T
B !(%#( 0<%,+& &.&/%)#& -% %$#"<#=.>, -%" (%,-.).%,/+ ,+ %& <,# /#(%# 9U=."Q
B !#-# %)'(%&# -%0% %,=+,/(#( %" )+-%"+ + /W=,.=# V<% )%*+( &% #-#'/% # &<&
,%=%&.-#-%&Q
B !+,+=%( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" -%0% #0+(-#(&% =+)+ <,# +0".5#=.>, )U& V<% =+)+ <,
'(+'>&./+Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 c2
GESTIÓN POR COMPETENCIAS
R# 5%&/.>, '+( =+)'%/%,=.#& '%()./% %" -%&#((+""+ '%(&+,#" C '(+9%&.+,#" -% "#& '%(&+,#&
# "# $%O V<% #<)%,/# "# '(+-<=/.$.-#- '%(&+,#" C %)'(%&#(.#"Q R# )#,%(# =+((%=/# -%
.)'"%)%,/#("# %, %" %,/+(,+ -% "# +(5#,.O#=.>, %&T
B \+ =%,/(U,-+&% %, "# )%-.=.>,Q
B \+ +0&%&.+,U,-+&% %, "# 06&V<%-# -%" .,&/(<)%,/+ )U& =%(/%(+ C =+,/<,-%,/% '#(#
$#"+(#( =+, #=.%(/+Q
B
A"=#,O#,-+ <, '(+=%&+ -% )%*+(# =+,/.,<#I V<% -%0% &<0C#=%( %, "# =<"/<(# -%
%)'(%&#Q
B 8-%,/.9.=#,-+ "#& +'+(/<,.-#-%&I )%-.#,/% "# -%/%==.>, '(%)#/<(#Q
B _%9.,.%,-+ <, '"#, -% #==.>,Q
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 c3
!"#$%&'()" (*+
,-.''(&
/.*0(12* !"#$%& '#(# )%*+(#( %" (%,-.).%,/+ "#0+(#" %, "#& %)'(%&#& 1 c[
Descargar