/DIRUPDFLyQVRFLRFUtWLFD XQDFODYHSDUDSUHVHUYDUOD GLJQLGDGGHORKXPDQR Wilmer Hernando Silva Carreño* ©'HEHPRVUHDILUPDUODVLJQLILFDFLyQGH ODOLEHUWDGSRVLWLYDEDVDGDHQODGLJQLGDGKXPDQD HQODFRPXQLGDG\HQODUHDOL]DFLyQGHODGHPRFUDFLD HQWRGDVQXHVWUDVLQVWLWXFLRQHVª $SSOH Resumen. (VWHDUWtFXORGHUHIOH[LyQSUHWHQGHHYLGHQFLDUFyPR ODHGXFDFLyQKDOOHJDGRDFRQVWLWXLUVHHQXQSURFHVRFDUHQWH GHXQVHQWLGRLQWHJUDOGHODIRUPDFLyQGHODSHUVRQDHQWDQWR PHGLDQWHSURJUDPDVGHHVSHFLDOL]DFLyQGHVDWLHQGHQXQDIRUPDFLyQFRQVHQWLGRFUtWLFRSDUDODFRPSUHQVLyQ\WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ GHODVRFLHGDG\GHOFRQWH[WRSDUDXQDGLJQLILFDFLyQKXPDQDGH ODSHUVRQD(OLQWHUpVSRUFRQVROLGDUXQDHVWUXFWXUDGLVFXUVLYD de la educación se ha trasladado, entonces, a la institución haFLHQGRpQIDVLVHQDVSHFWRVFRPRODHYDOXDFLyQ\ODPHMRUDGHOD SUD[LVSHGDJyJLFDHQODVDXODV7HPDVFRPRODGHPRFUDWL]DFLyQ ODFRQWH[WXDOL]DFLyQHVFRODUODLQYHVWLJDFLyQODUHODFLyQFRQHO FRQWH[WRSROtWLFRUHTXLHUHQXQDHVSHFLDODWHQFLyQ * /LFHQFLDGRHQ)LORVRItD\0DHVWUtDHQ&LHQFLDVGHOD(GXFDFLyQ8QLYHUVLGDG de San Buenaventura, sede Bogotá. 47 ,7,1(5$5,2('8&$7,92$f2;;91-8/,2',&,(0%5('( :,/0(5+(51$1'26,/9$&$55(f2 Palabras clave: GLJQLGDGKXPDQDHGXFDFLyQIRUPDFLyQVRFLRFUtWLFDLQYHVWLJDFLyQSHGDJRJtDFUtWLFD Abstract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eywords. Human dignity, education, training sociocritical, UHVHDUFKFULWLFDOSHGDJRJ\ ,QWURGXFFLyQ 8QDFHUFDPLHQWRFUtWLFRDODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRUSHUPLWHHQWUHYHU FyPRVHKDOOHJDGRDXQDFRQFHSWXDOL]DFLyQGHVGHODFXDOODHGXcación deviene como un sistema de entrenamiento, en distintos QLYHOHV GH GHVHPSHxR DO VHUYLFLR GH ORV SURFHVRV HFRQyPLFRV HVWRHVODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRUDXQTXHHVODSRVLELOLGDGTXHWLHQH XQD SHUVRQD GH IRUPDUVH HQ HO iPELWR SURIHVLRQDO SDUD FUHFHU KXPDQDPHQWHGHILQHHOSHUILOODERUDOGHDTXHOORVTXHDFXGHQD XQDIRUPDFLyQXQLYHUVLWDULDFRQYLUWLpQGRVHHQXQVLPSOHSURFHVR GHIRUPDFLyQGHSURIHVLRQDOHVSDUDHQIUHQWDUHOPXQGRODERUDOOR TXHLPSOLFDGHVDUUROODUKDELOLGDGHVSDUDTXHXQDSHUVRQDSXHGD establecerse social y económicamente. (VWDVLWXDFLyQOOHYDDPXFKRVSURIHVLRQDOHVGRFHQWHVDGHVDUUROODUVXHMHUFLFLRSURIHVLRQDOFRPRXQDVLPSOHDGPLQLVWUDFLyQGHO VDEHURGHOFRQRFLPLHQWRHQGRQGHLPSRUWDIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWH 48 81,9(56,'$''(6$1%8(1$9(1785$6('(%2*27É)$&8/7$''(('8&$&,Ð1 /$)250$&,Ð162&,2&5Ì7,&$81$&/$9(3$5$35(6(59$5/$',*1,'$''(/2+80$12 OD HODERUDFLyQ \ GHVDUUROOR GH XQ SURJUDPD R SODQ GH HVWXGLRV GLVFLSOLQDU\HVSHFLDOL]DGR(PHUJHHQWRQFHVHOGRFHQWHFRPRXQ DJHQWHDQWLGLDOyJLFRLQVHUWRHQXQDFRPXQLGDGHVFRODUPDVLILFDGD \FHUUDGD6HPDQWLHQHXQDOHFWXUDXQDOyJLFD\XQHQIRTXHHSLVWHPROyJLFRGLVFLSOLQDULRTXHDtVODDOGRFHQWHFRPRSURIHVLRQDO GHODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHVXHQWRUQRTXHSULRUL]DHOLQGLYLGXDOLVPR laboral y establece una visión objetiva del conocimiento, es decir, carente de valores. 8QDFHUFDPLHQWRGHVGHODSHGDJRJtDFUtWLFD 8QDPLUDGDGHODHGXFDFLyQGHVGHODSHGDJRJtDFUtWLFDSURPXHYH XQDQiOLVLVGHODHGXFDFLyQHQJHQHUDOGHVGHXQDSHUVSHFWLYDKLVWyULFDHFRQyPLFDVRFLDO\SROtWLFDSULQFLSDOPHQWHFRQHOSURSyVLWR GHJHQHUDULPSDFWRHQODFRQFLHQFLDGHORVDJHQWHVHGXFDWLYRVSDUD SURPRYHUWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVGHVGHXQRUGHQFXUULFXODUHQIDYRU GHXQGHVDUUROORPiVKXPDQRGHPRFUiWLFRSDUWLFLSDWLYR\MXVWR (VGHFLUVHFRQVWLWX\HHQXQPDUFRWHyULFRGHUHIOH[LyQDFHUFDGH ODV UHODFLRQHV VRFLDOHV GDGDV HQ ORV HVSDFLRV HGXFDWLYRV SRU OR TXHHOILQ~OWLPRVHUtDTXHODVSHUVRQDVVHDQFDSDFHVGHDQDOL]DU \FXHVWLRQDUVHVREUHORTXHDSUHQGHQ/DSHGDJRJtDFUtWLFDEXVFD DVtIRUWDOHFHUHQODVSHUVRQDVYDORUHVVRFLDOHVIUHQWHDWRGRDTXHOOR TXHVHFRQYLHUWHHQVLVWHPDDOLHQDGRU*LURX[ /DSHGDJRJtDFUtWLFDSRGUtDWDPELpQFRQVLGHUDUVHFRPRXQDSHGDJRJtDGHODVXEMHWLYLGDGHQODPHGLGDHQTXHVXSHUDHOGHVDUUROOR GHODHGXFDFLyQFRPRSURFHVRGHIRUPDFLyQLQWHOHFWXDO\SHUPLWH UHFRQRFHUTXHHQODUHDOLGDGGHODVDXODVLQKHUHQWHDODVSUiFWLFDV HGXFDWLYDVVHGDQWDPELpQSURFHVRVGHSURGXFFLyQHLQWHUDFFLyQ GHRUGHQVXEMHWLYR(QHIHFWRVHxDOD0F/DUHQTXH©ODSHGDJRJtD FUtWLFDVHRFXSDGHD\XGDUDORVHVWXGLDQWHVDFXHVWLRQDUODIRUPDFLyQGHVXVXEMHWLYLGDG«FRQODLQWHQFLyQGHJHQHUDUSUiFWLFDV SHGDJyJLFDV« TXH HVWpQ GLULJLGDV KDFLD OD WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ GHO RUGHQVRFLDOJHQHUDOHQLQWHUpVGHXQDPD\RUMXVWLFLDUDFLDOGH JpQHUR\HFRQyPLFDªS ,7,1(5$5,2('8&$7,92$f2;;91-8/,2',&,(0%5('( 49 :,/0(5+(51$1'26,/9$&$55(f2 3DUDODSHGDJRJtDFUtWLFDHGXFDUHVWDPELpQXQDFWRGHIRUPDFLyQ VXEMHWLYDGHUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHORVFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVGHHVWXGLDQWHV \SURIHVRUHVGHORVFRQIOLFWRVTXHVXFHGHQVXVFDXVDVGHODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHVXVSURSyVLWRVDVSLUDFLRQHV\GHVHRV de sus sentimientos y emociones. Es tarea entonces reivindicar una IRUPDFLyQGHOGRFHQWHTXHOHSHUPLWDGHWHFWDUDWHQGHU\FRPSURPHWHUVHFRQSUiFWLFDVHVFRODUHVQRVyORLQVWUXFWLYDVVLQRDQWHWRGR TXHUHVSRQGDQDHVWDVQHFHVLGDGHVGHODFRPXQLGDGHVFRODU 6LQHPEDUJRGHVGHODSUD[LVSHGDJyJLFDDFWXDOVHSXHGHFDUDFWHUL]DUTXHODVSUiFWLFDVHGXFDWLYDVGHORVGRFHQWHVHQODVDXODVVH KDQGHVDUUROODGRFRPRWUDQVPLVLyQGHFRQWHQLGRVHLQIRUPDFLyQ PiVTXHFRPRSRVLELOLGDGHVGHUHFUHDFLyQGLQiPLFDGHOFRQRFLmiento o mejor aún, como creación investigativa de conocimiento. 3DXOR)UHLUHTXL]iHOPD\RUH[SRQHQWH\JHVWRUGHODSHGDJRJtD FUtWLFDHQ/DWLQRDPpULFDDGYLUWLyVREUHHOGHVDUUROORGHXQDHGXFDFLyQ©EDQFDULDªDTXHOODTXHFRQVLVWHHQODVLPSOHWUDQVPLVLyQ DGDSWDFLyQ \ DFXPXODFLyQ GH LQIRUPDFLyQ HQ ODV HVWXGLDQWHV \ HQODVFRPXQLGDGHVHVFRODUHV(VWHPRGHORFDUDFWHUL]DXQLQWHUpVVRFLDOGHUHSHWLFLyQ\UHSURGXFFLyQGHSROtWLFDVGRPLQDQWHV \FODVLVWDV6HFRPSUHQGtDDOHVWXGLDQWH\GRFHQWHFRPRREMHWRV GHODHGXFDFLyQHOSULPHURFRPRUHFHSFLyQGHLQIRUPDFLyQ\HO VHJXQGRFRPRIXHQWHGHpVWD)UHLUH (Q HVWH VHQWLGR OD HVFXHOD HVSHFLDOPHQWH FRPR LQVWLWXFLyQ XQLYHUVLWDULD VH FDUDFWHUL]D FRPR XQ FHQWUR GH HQVHxDQ]D TXH RIUHFHSRVLELOLGDGHVGHIRUPDFLyQ\WLWXODFLyQSURIHVLRQDOHQGHWHUPLQDGRVVDEHUHVSHUPLWLHQGRHODFFHVRDODLQIRUPDFLyQ\ORV FRQRFLPLHQWRVDWUDYpVGHXQSURFHVRHGXFDWLYRORFXDOSODQWHD OD QHFHVLGDG GH DGYHUWLU TXH pVWD GHEH FRPSUHQGHUVH FRPR XQ HVSDFLRGRQGHVHKDGHIRUPDUSDUDFRPSUHQGHUODUHDOLGDGSDUD FRPSUHQGHUHOPXQGR (VLPSRUWDQWHSRUWDQWRDVXPLUXQUROFUtWLFRKDFLDHODSUHQGL]DMH FRQ FRQFLHQFLD GH OD UHVSRQVDELOLGDG VRFLDO TXH OOHYD FRQVLJR OD 50 81,9(56,'$''(6$1%8(1$9(1785$6('(%2*27É)$&8/7$''(('8&$&,Ð1 /$)250$&,Ð162&,2&5Ì7,&$81$&/$9(3$5$35(6(59$5/$',*1,'$''(/2+80$12 HGXFDFLyQ HV GHFLU GHVDUUROODQGR XQD PHQWDOLGDG FUtWLFD \ XQD FRQFLHQFLDUHIOH[LYDVREUHODFRWLGLDQLGDG$VtXQHOHPHQWRFODYH HQHVWHSURFHVRHVSRVLELOLWDUTXHHOHVWXGLDQWHSRUHMHPSORVHDXQ LQYHVWLJDGRUVRFLDOHVWRHVFRQVFLHQWHGHVXTXHKDFHUSHGDJyJLFR GHYLHQHFRPRXQDJHQWHWUDQVIRUPDGRUGHVXHQWRUQRGHVXFRPXQLGDGHQIRFDQGRVXVFRQRFLPLHQWRV\KDELOLGDGHVHQODVROXFLyQGH SUREOHPDVVLJQLILFDWLYRVGHRUGHQVRFLDOORFXDOLPSOLFDUHDOL]DUXQD WUDVSRVLFLyQGLQiPLFDGHFRPSUHQVLyQGHODGHPRFUDFLDFRPRXQ IHQyPHQRKXPDQL]DGRU(QHOFRQWH[WRGHODVRFLHGDGFRORPELDQD ODGHPRFUDFLDKDDGTXLULGRXQFDUiFWHUGHVHVSHUDQ]DGRUHVGHFLU KDEODUGHFRPSHWHQFLDFLXGDGDQD\GHPRFUDFLDUHVXOWDWRWDOPHQWH FXHVWLRQDEOHHQWDQWRTXHODVFRPSHWHQFLDVFLXGDGDQDVFRUUHVSRQGHQDSURFHVRVGHDVLPLODFLyQ\DFRPRGDFLyQGHORVGHVHPSHxRV deseables como sujetos obedientes al sistema existente. 3RUHVWRODSHGDJRJtDFUtWLFDKDEXVFDGRDGYHUWLUFyPRODHVFXHOD VHKDFRQVWLWXLGRHQXQDHQWLGDGTXHFXPSOHIXQFLRQHVHVWUXFWXUDOHVGHOSRGHUKHJHPyQLFR\FRQWURODGRU6XREMHWRKDVLGROD IRUPDFLyQ\SUHSDUDFLyQGHLQGLYLGXRVTXHFXPSODQFRQODOyJLFD GHODVGHPDQGDVGHOFDSLWDOLVPR'HVGHHVWDYLVLyQHOREMHWRGH ODVHVFXHODVQRHVPiVTXHFUHDUWUDEDMDGRUHVSURGXFWLYRVUHVSRQVDEOHV \ FXPSOLGRV FRQ XQDV REOLJDFLRQHV FRQWUDFWXDOHV GH SURJUHVRHFRQyPLFR0F/DUHQ (VWRWUDHFRQVLJRODQHFHVLGDGGHSHQVDUKXPDQDPHQWHODFXOWXUD HQWDQWRpVWDVHFRQVWLWX\HFRPRHOFRQMXQWRGHLGHRORJtDVYDORUHV \SUiFWLFDVDSDUWLUGHODVFXDOHVXQDVRFLHGDGVHRUJDQL]DJHQHUD LGHQWLGDG\GDVHQWLGRDVXPXQGReVWHDFHUFDPLHQWRGHVGHOD SHGDJRJtDFUtWLFDSHUPLWHYHUTXHVHKDGHVDUUROODGRXQDFXOWXUD GRPLQDQWHTXHLQVWLWX\HYDORUHVLQWHUHVHV\FRPSURPLVRVFHQWUDOHV de una clase social que controla los bienes económicos, incluso VLPEyOLFRVGHODVRFLHGDG(VWDKDJHQHUDGRODDSDULFLyQGHXQD FXOWXUDRVXEFXOWXUDGRPLQDGDFX\DVSUiFWLFDV\YDORUHVVRQGHWHUPLQDGRVSRUODFXOWXUDGRPLQDQWHRFRPR3HWHU0F/DUHQ GHQRPLQD©FXOWXUDGHSUHGDGRUDª ,7,1(5$5,2('8&$7,92$f2;;91-8/,2',&,(0%5('( 51 :,/0(5+(51$1'26,/9$&$55(f2 'HPRGRTXHIUHQWHDODFRQFHSFLyQGHODVHVFXHODVFRPRDSDUDWRVGHUHSURGXFFLyQGHHVWUXFWXUDVLGHROyJLFDV\VRFLDOHVSDUD IRUWDOHFHUODGRPLQDFLyQGHVGHHVWDSHUVSHFWLYDFUtWLFDpVWDVVRQ HVSDFLRVFXOWXUDOHVSROtWLFRV\D[LROyJLFRVSDUDHODQiOLVLVFUtWLFR \UHIOH[LYRGHODVGHVYHQWDMDVVRFLDOHVTXHWUDHODGRPLQDFLyQ\ SDUDJHVWLRQDUSURFHVRVGHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHGLFKDVHVWUXFWXUDV GRPLQDQWHV\DQWLGHPRFUiWLFDV*LURX[(QHOODVORVHVWXGLDQWHV \ GRFHQWHV FRPR VXMHWRV FUtWLFRV SXHGHQ GHVDUUROODU DFFLRQHV\SUiFWLFDVVRFLDOHVFRQWUDLGHROyJLFDVHQGHPDQGDGHOD VXERUGLQDFLyQ\HOVRPHWLPLHQWRSROtWLFR\HFRQyPLFRDOTXHKD VLGRH[SXHVWDODHVFXHOD (Q HVWH VHQWLGR SHQVDU XQ SURFHVR GH KXPDQL]DFLyQ GHVGH OD HGXFDFLyQ R PHMRU GHVGH ORV SURFHVRV HGXFDWLYRV GDGRV HQ ODV HVFXHODVH[LJHSHQVDUODHVWUXFWXUDFXUULFXODUTXHORVRULHQWD(Q HIHFWRHQHOPRGHORHGXFDWLYRYLJHQWHHOFXUUtFXORHVH[SUHVDPHQWH FHUUDGRFRQXQRVFRQWHQLGRV\XQDHVWUXFWXUDGHWHUPLQDGDSRU ODVSUHWHQVLRQHVSROtWLFDV\SHUVRQDOLVWDVGHORVVLVWHPDVVRFLDOHV GRPLQDQWHV$SSOH8QFXUUtFXORTXHFRQWHPSODXQVRxDGRLGHDOGHYLGDLQDOFDQ]DEOHSDUDWRGRVGRQGHORSHULIpULFRHO HQWRUQRHOFRQWH[WRFDUHFHGHWRWDOSURWDJRQLVPRRSDUWLFLSDFLyQ HVWUXFWXUDO(QIUHQWDUORVSUREOHPDVVRFLDOHVTXHQRVHQYXHOYHQ QRWLHQHPD\RUFDELGDHQHVWRVSODQHDPLHQWRVHGXFDWLYRV*LURX[ KDFHUHIHUHQFLDDXQFXUUtFXORRFXOWRGDGRGHIRUPDWiFLWD HQHOTXHKDFHUGHORVGRFHQWHVFRPRSHGDJRJRVHQODVDXODVHQ ODYLGDFRWLGLDQDGHQWURGHOHVSDFLRHVFRODU\ODLQWHUDFFLyQHQWUH ORVHVFRODUHVORFXDOVHSXHGHSHQVDUFRPRXQDRSRUWXQLGDGGH YDORUDUDTXHOORTXHQRHVGLFKRSHURTXHFRQVWLWX\HXQHOHPHQWR QRWDEOHGHIRUPDFLyQVRFLRFUtWLFD 3RUHVWRHOPLVPR*LURX[DGYLHUWHTXHQRKD\XQFXUUtFXOR FRQWH[WXDOL]DGRTXHWHQJDHQFXHQWDDOHVWXGLDQWHTXHUHVSRQGD DODVQHFHVLGDGHVSURSLDVGHQXHVWUDVRFLHGDGFRORPELDQD$OFDQ]DUHVWiQGDUHVGHFRQWUROGHHILFLHQFLDVRQHQ~OWLPRWpUPLQRHO REMHWLYRILQDOGHOGHVDUUROORGHSODQHVFXUULFXODUHVHQODVHVFXHODV 52 81,9(56,'$''(6$1%8(1$9(1785$6('(%2*27É)$&8/7$''(('8&$&,Ð1 /$)250$&,Ð162&,2&5Ì7,&$81$&/$9(3$5$35(6(59$5/$',*1,'$''(/2+80$12 (OFXUUtFXORGHQRWDXQSURFHVRREMHWLYR\H[HQWRGHYDORUHVTXH EXVFD SHUSHWXDU HOHPHQWRV FXOWXUDOHV SURSLRV GH XQD VRFLHGDG GH FODVHV 'H DKt TXH XQD IRUPDFLyQ VRFLRFUtWLFD \ SRU WDQWR KXPDQDSHUPLWHSRUHOFRQWUDULRIXQGDPHQWDUORVSURFHVRVGH HQVHxDQ]DDSUHQGL]DMHDSDUWLUGHORFRQFUHWRGHODVQHFHVLGDGHV LQVWLWXFLRQDOHV\GHODHVSHUDQ]DGHXQPXQGRPHMRU Sin embargo, aunque se han venido desarrollando cambios o meMRUDVHQDVSHFWRVFRPRODLQIUDHVWUXFWXUDGHORVFHQWURVHGXFDWLYRV OD SDXODWLQD HVSHFLDOL]DFLyQ \ IRUPDFLyQ GH ORV GRFHQWHV \ ODV FRQGLFLRQHVYLWDOHVGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVHQODVHVFXHODVODVUHIRUPDV HGXFDWLYDV TXH VH KDQ YHQLGR LPSOHPHQWDQGR VH KDQ FHQWUDGR HQHVWDEOHFHUIRUPDVSDUDPHMRUDUORVSURFHVRVGHDGTXLVLFLyQ\ UHSURGXFFLyQGHHOHPHQWRVHFRQyPLFRVHLGHROyJLFRVPHGLDQWHHO DILDQ]DPLHQWRGHORVFRQWHQLGRVFXUULFXODUHVRDFDGpPLFRV\HQ RUGHQDSHUSHWXDUKDELOLGDGHV\GHVWUH]DVLQVWUXPHQWDOHVHVGHFLU GHIRUPDFLyQSDUDODFRPSHWLWLYLGDGHFRQyPLFD\ODOHJLWLPL]DFLyQ LQVWLWXFLRQDOGHO(VWDGR1DYDUUR 3RU HVWR HO DXOD HO FRQWH[WR HVFRODU QR SXHGH FRPSUHQGHUVH FRPR XQ VLPSOH VDOyQ GH FODVHV XQ OXJDU XQLGLPHQVLRQDO SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR GH SUiFWLFDV HVFRODUHV QRUPDWLYDV \ GLVFLSOLQDULDV Es ante todo un terreno cultural donde se desarrollan intereses, SUiFWLFDV\H[SHULHQFLDVGHOXFKDSRUHOSRGHUHPHUJHQWHGRQGH se construye una cultura escolar que demanda la validación de las KLVWRULDVH[SHULHQFLDV\ODFRQVWUXFFLyQFROHFWLYDGHOFRQRFLPLHQWR SRUSDUWHGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV0F/DUHQ ,PSOLFDFLRQHVIUHQWHDOGHYHQLUGHODVWHFQRORJtDV (V FLHUWR TXH ORV SURFHVRV HGXFDWLYRV DFWXDOHV WUDHQ FRQVLJR OD QHFHVLGDGGHSRWHQFLDOL]DUODLQIUDHVWUXFWXUDLQVWLWXFLRQDO\WHFQROyJLFDSDUDORJUDUHOGHVDUUROORFLHQWtILFRFXOWXUDOHFRQyPLFR SROtWLFR\pWLFRGHFDGDUHJLyQ\GHODQDFLyQHQJHQHUDO$VLPLVPRHOGHVDUUROORGHSUR\HFWRVGLDOpFWLFRVLQWHULQVWLWXFLRQDOHV\GH ,7,1(5$5,2('8&$7,92$f2;;91-8/,2',&,(0%5('( 53 :,/0(5+(51$1'26,/9$&$55(f2 LQWHJUDFLyQFRQORVGLVWLQWRVQLYHOHVGHIRUPDFLyQFRQVWLWX\HXQ HOHPHQWRIRUPDWLYRSDUDODFRQVROLGDFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQFRPR XQSURFHVRGHIRUPDFLyQFRQXQQLYHOVLJQLILFDWLYRTXHGDVHQWLGR \KXPDQL]DODVRFLHGDG (VSRUHVWDUD]yQTXHODHGXFDFLyQGHVGHHVWHHQIRTXHFUtWLFRWLHQH XQJUDQVXVWUDWRHSLVWHPROyJLFRTXHEXVFDSURSLFLDUODUHQRYDFLyQDFWXDOL]DFLyQ\FUHDFLyQGHFRQRFLPLHQWRSDUDIRUWDOHFHUOD IRUPDFLyQ SURIHVLRQDO FLHQWtILFD \ WpFQLFD FRPR FRQVWLWXWLYR GH ODIRUPDFLyQLQWHJUDOKXPDQD7LHQHQDVXYH]FRPRUHIHUHQWHV WHOHROyJLFRVHOGHVDUUROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDVODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHYDORUHV\FRQFHSWRVODFRPSUHQVLyQGHOVHUKXPDQRODQDWXUDOH]D\ ODVRFLHGDG\HOGHVDUUROORGHODVDSWLWXGHVSDUDODFRPXQLFDFLyQ 0LOOiQ 'HPDQHUDHVSHFLDOHO'HFUHWRGHOGHDEULOGHUHTXLHUHGHSDUWHGHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVHGXFDWLYDVGHHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU KDFHUJUDQpQIDVLVHQHOGHVDUUROORGHORVSURJUDPDVGHSRVJUDGR HQODLQYHVWLJDFLyQFRPRDFWLYLGDGSHGDJyJLFD\HSLVWHPROyJLFD EXVFDQGRIRUPDUSURIHVLRQDOHVFRQXQDDFWLWXGFUtWLFD\SURSRVLWLYD HQODUHIOH[LyQHOGHVDUUROOR\DSOLFDFLyQGHODFLHQFLDODWHFQRORJtD ODVDUWHVRODVKXPDQLGDGHVVHJ~QVHxDODHOGHFUHWRWHQLHQGRHQ FXHQWDRULHQWDFLRQHVWDOHVFRPRSURPRYHUODIRUPDFLyQLQYHVWLJDWLYDGHVDUUROODUSURFHVRVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQHQHOXVRGHODV7,& IDFLOLWDUDPELHQWHVGHLQQRYDFLyQHLQFRUSRUDUORVUHVXOWDGRVGHO TXHKDFHULQYHVWLJDWLYRDODIRUPDFLyQPLVPD&DEHUR (VWRFRQVWLWX\HXQSXQWRGHUHIHUHQFLDSDUDSHQVDUSRUHMHPSOR FyPRUHYHUWLUHOSURFHVRGHFRQILJXUDFLyQGHODFXOWXUDTXHFRPR VHxDOD*LURX[VHKDYHQLGRFRQVWLWX\HQGRDSDUWLUGHOD UDFLRQDOLGDG SRVLWLYLVWD EDMR HO SUHWH[WR GHO SURJUHVR WpFQLFR \ HOFUHFLPLHQWRHFRQyPLFR(QHIHFWRODVSUiFWLFDVHGXFDWLYDVHO GLVHxRFXUULFXODUHOFRQMXQWRGHYDORUHV\DFWLWXGHVTXHLQWHJUDQ ODDFFLyQSHGDJyJLFDGHORVGRFHQWHVHOVLVWHPDFRQFHSWXDOGH FRQWHQLGRVODIRUPDFRPRVHGHVDUUROODQHVWRVSURFHVRVHQHODXOD\ 54 81,9(56,'$''(6$1%8(1$9(1785$6('(%2*27É)$&8/7$''(('8&$&,Ð1 /$)250$&,Ð162&,2&5Ì7,&$81$&/$9(3$5$35(6(59$5/$',*1,'$''(/2+80$12 HOPRGRFRPRORVHVWXGLDQWHVORVSHUFLEHQSHUPLWHQGHQRWDUFyPR ODSHGDJRJtDKDVLGRSHUPHDGDHQJUDQPHGLGDSRUODUDFLRQDOLGDG instrumental de dominio y control societal. (VWRKDFRQIOXLGRVHJ~QHOPLVPR*LURX[HQODHVWUXFWXUDFLyQ\SUD[LVGHXQDSHGDJRJtDSRVLWLYLVWDHQODPHGLGDHQTXHHO DSUHQGL]DMHHVUHGXFLGRDXQFRQMXQWRGHSUiFWLFDVGHSUHSDUDFLyQ WHFQLFLVWD\RSHUDWLYDGRQGHLUUXPSHXQDYLVLyQGHOFRQRFLPLHQWR HVFRODU\GHODVUHODFLRQHVVRFLDOHVHQHODXODPHGLDGDSRUXQFDUiFWHUREMHWLYLVWD/RVHQIRTXHVFRQGXFWLVWDV\GHJHVWLyQGHHVD SHGDJRJtDSDUWLFXODUPHQWHHQODHGXFDFLyQPHGLD\VHFXQGDULD UHGXFHQHODSUHQGL]DMHDXQFRQMXQWRGHSUiFWLFDVTXHQRGHILQHQ QLUHVSRQGHQGHPDQHUDFUtWLFDDODVFDWHJRUtDVQRUPDWLYDVEiVLFDV TXHPRGHODQGtDDGtDORVPpWRGRV\SURFHVRVHVFRODUHVHQHODXOD (QHVWHVHQWLGRHOGHYHQLUGHODVWHFQRORJtDVSODQWHDODWDUHDGH FRQVLGHUDUUHOHYDQWHTXHODQDWXUDOH]DGHOIHQyPHQRHGXFDWLYR H[LJHXQFRPSRQHQWHHSLVWHPROyJLFRSDUDODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHFRQRFLPLHQWRFLHQWtILFRTXHQRVHSXHGHGDUDOPDUJHQGHODQiOLVLV ODUHIOH[LyQ\ODFUtWLFD 'HHVWHPRGRIUHQWHDOIHQyPHQRSRUHOFXDOHPHUJHHOUHWRGH FRQVWUXLU XQD VRFLHGDG GHPRFUiWLFD D SDUWLU GH VX GLYHUVLGDG FXOWXUDOLGHROyJLFD\VRFLDOORVREMHWLYRVHGXFDWLYRVGHEHQHVWDU RULHQWDGRVHVWUHFKDPHQWHHLGHQWLILFDGRVFRQHOPHMRUDPLHQWR\ GLJQLILFDFLyQGHORVSURFHVRVHVFRODUHVGHIRUPDFUtWLFDSDUDORJUDU la integración y la consolidación de una sociedad verdaderamente GHPRFUiWLFD(VWDIRUPDFLyQSDUDODGHPRFUDFLDLPSOLFDGHXQD SDUWH XQ SURFHVR GH GHPRFUDWL]DFLyQ HGXFDWLYD \ GH RWUD XQD FRPSUHQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQHQIXQFLyQGHODGHPRFUDFLD (Q HIHFWR KD\ TXH VHxDODU TXH D~Q VH HYLGHQFLD XQD FRQIXVD FRPSUHQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQHQODPHGLGDHQTXHVHHQWLHQGH FRPRXQDGRFWULQDPLHQWRGHODVSHUVRQDVHQODVDXODVFRPRXQ SURFHVRHQFLFORSHGLVWDGHLQIRUPDFLyQFRPRXQVLVWHPDGLVFLSOLnar mediante el cual se transmiten conocimientos, valores, cos,7,1(5$5,2('8&$7,92$f2;;91-8/,2',&,(0%5('( 55 :,/0(5+(51$1'26,/9$&$55(f2 WXPEUHV\IRUPDVGHDFWXDUGHXQDVRFLHGDGFRPRXQUHIHUHQWH GHDVFHQVRVRFLDO/DHGXFDFLyQVHKDLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DGRFRPRXQ OXJDUSULYLOHJLDGRSDUDDOJXQRVJUXSRVVRFLDOHVFRPRXQOXJDU GH VXERUGLQDFLyQ SDUD RWURV FRPR XQ HVSDFLR GH GHVLJXDOGDG /DHGXFDFLyQVHYHFRPRXQDHVWUXFWXUDGHSUHSDUDFLyQKROtVWLFD HQXQVDEHUHVSHFtILFRPHGLDGDSRUODHMHFXFLyQGHXQFXUUtFXOR HVWDQGDUL]DGR\PRGHORVHYDOXDWLYRVGHHILFLHQFLD)UHLUH (OGLVFXUVRQHROLEHUDOTXHSUHJRQDXQDIRUPDFLyQSRUFRPSHWHQFLDVLQGLYLGXDOLVWD\VHFWDULDGHODVRFLHGDGXUJHXQDWUDVSRVLFLyQLQVWLWXFLRQDODIDYRUGHODGHPRFUDWL]DFLyQHGXFDWLYD\XQD HGXFDFLyQSDUDODGHPRFUDFLD/DSUHWHQVLyQGHOQHROLEHUDOLVPR FRPR LGHRORJtD GH OOHYDU D TXH HO (VWDGR VH GHVHQWLHQGD GH OD HGXFDFLyQHVWDEOHFHXQUHWRIRUPDWLYRGHRUGHQSROtWLFRHVWRHV GHVDUUROODUSURFHVRVGHIRUPDFLyQJDUDQWHVGHODHTXLGDGGHOD XQLYHUVDOL]DFLyQGHGHUHFKRVGHODYLGDFLXGDGDQDSDUWLFLSDWLYD GHODFRQILJXUDFLyQGHODVHVFXHODVFRPRFHQWURVGHSRGHU\OXFKD IUHQWH D OD KHJHPRQL]DFLyQ GH OD YLGD HVFRODU \ S~EOLFD 7DQWR docente como estudiante deben asumir la educación como un GHUHFKRVRFLDO\KXPDQR*LURX[ $VtHOGHYHQLUGHODVWHFQRORJtDVSUR\HFWDDODHGXFDFLyQODWDUHDGH SRVLELOLWDUXQDIRUPDFLyQGHVGHODFXDOHOHVWXGLDQWHSXHGDDFFHGHU DODLQIRUPDFLyQGHIRUPDDXWyQRPDFUtWLFD\FRQVWUXFWLYDIUHQWH DOGHVDUUROORGHXQPXQGRJOREDOL]DGRPHGLiWLFR\WHFQRORJL]DGR 3RGUi DVt GHVSHUWDU OD FDSDFLGDG GH SRVLFLRQDUVH FRQ SRGHU GH manejo creativo de los medios de comunicación que en nuestra actualidad estructuran en gran medida las relaciones sociales. +DFLDXQDODERUSHGDJyJLFDGHKXPDQL]DFLyQ (O'HFUHWRGH$UWVHxDODTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDOGRFHQWHPHGLDQWHVXTXHKDFHUSHGDJyJLFRODSURPRFLyQGHYDORUHV FRPRODUHVSRQVDELOLGDGODKRQHVWLGDGHOFRQRFLPLHQWRODMXVWLFLD HOUHVSHWR\ODWUDQVSDUHQFLDHQDUDVDIDYRUHFHUODGLJQLGDGKX56 81,9(56,'$''(6$1%8(1$9(1785$6('(%2*27É)$&8/7$''(('8&$&,Ð1 /$)250$&,Ð162&,2&5Ì7,&$81$&/$9(3$5$35(6(59$5/$',*1,'$''(/2+80$12 PDQD\HOFDUiFWHUVRFLDOGHWRGRDFWRHGXFDWLYR(QHIHFWRODODERU GRFHQWHWLHQHFRPRIXQGDPHQWRODFRPSUHQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQ FRPRXQELHQS~EOLFRFRPRDFWLYLGDGFHQWUDGDHQORVHVWXGLDQWHV y al servicio de la nación y de la sociedad. 8QDIRUPDFLyQVRFLRFUtWLFDOOHYDDHVWUXFWXUDUGLDOpFWLFDPHQWHORV SUHVXSXHVWRVHGXFDWLYRVFRQODVFDUHQFLDVGHODVRFLHGDGGHIRUPD WDOTXHODHPDQFLSDFLyQGHOVHUKXPDQRIUHQWHDODVHVWUXFWXUDV LPSHUDWLYDV\GHGRPLQLRVHDVLHPSUHXQSULQFLSLRUHJXODGRUHQOD HGXFDFLyQ3RUHVWRODHVFXHODODIDPLOLDODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVKDQGH VHUHOOXJDUGHHPDQFLSDFLyQGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVIUHQWHDORVUHFHWDULRVLGHROyJLFRV&RPRUHVSXHVWDGHOLEHUDFLyQSHUVRQDO\FROHFWLYD ODSHGDJRJtDFUtWLFDHVXQDSURSXHVWDGHFDPELRUDGLFDOHQPHGLR GHODVLVWHPDWL]DFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQ&DUU\.HPPLV 'HHVWHPRGRSRVLELOLWDUXQDIRUPDFLyQVRFLRFUtWLFDOOHYDDRSWDU SRUODWUDVIRUPDFLyQFRQVFLHQWHGHODIRUPDFRPRXQHVWXGLDQWH DVXPHVXFRPXQLGDG\HOSDSHOTXHpVWDOHLPSOLFD(QFRQVHFXHQFLDORVFXUUtFXORVGHEHQVHUDELHUWRV\IOH[LEOHVSRVLELOLWDQGR XQDPLUDGDFUtWLFDTXHWHQJDHQFXHQWDODFRPXQLGDGHQODTXHHO docente y el estudiante devienen como sujetos y más aún, como FLXGDGDQRV6HFRQILJXUDDVtXQSURFHVRGHUHODFLyQKRUL]RQWDO HQWUHHOGRFHQWH\HOHVWXGLDQWHTXHGHQRWDHOFDUiFWHULPSUHVFLQGLEOHGHLQWHUpV\DQiOLVLVFUtWLFRGHODHVFXHODVXHVWUXFWXUDVXV ILQHVHQWDQWRTXHGLFKDUHODFLyQ\DQRHVQRUPDWLYDLQVWLWXFLRQDOVLQRGLDOpFWLFD(VWRH[LJHDOHVWXGLDQWHDVXPLUXQURODFWLYR HQ OD SDUWLFLSDFLyQ GH ORV SURFHVRV HVFRODUHV DSURSLiQGRVH GHO GHVDUUROORSURJUHVLYRGHVXVFRQRFLPLHQWRV\KDELOLGDGHVVHJ~Q VXH[SHULHQFLD GH YLGD/DLGHD HV ©DVXPLUVH FRPRVHU VRFLDOH KLVWyULFRFRPRVHUSHQVDQWHFRPXQLFDQWHWUDQVIRUPDGRUFUHDGRUUHDOL]DGRUGHVXHxRVFDSD]GHVHQWLUUDELDSRUTXHHVFDSD] GHDPDUª)UHLUHS 'HVDUUROODUXQDIRUPDFLyQVRFLRFUtWLFDLPSOLFDTXHHOGRFHQWHSRU HMHPSORGHVFXEUDIUHQWHDOHVWXGLDQWHHOYDORUGHODDOWHULGDGHVWR ,7,1(5$5,2('8&$7,92$f2;;91-8/,2',&,(0%5('( 57 :,/0(5+(51$1'26,/9$&$55(f2 HVSDUWLUGHTXHVXWDUHDQRKDGHGHVDUUROODUVHGHIRUPDYHUWLFDO VLQRKRUL]RQWDOPHQWHGHIRUPDWDOTXHORVFRQRFLPLHQWRVGHORV HVWXGLDQWHVVXSHUVRQDOLGDGHLGHQWLGDGVRQHOHPHQWRVFRQVWLWXWLYRVVLQRHVHQFLDOHVSDUDVXIRUPDFLyQ(VGHFLUFRPSUHQGHUTXH la educación deviene hacia el desarrollo humano en todas sus maQLIHVWDFLRQHVItVLFDVPRUDOHVLQWHOHFWXDOHVVRFLDOHVHVSLULWXDOHV $KRUDJUDQDSR\RHQHVWHSUR\HFWRHPDQFLSDGRUORFRQVWLWX\HWDPELpQHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWRSRUSDUWHGHOGRFHQWHGHODH[LVWHQFLDYLYD GHXQDFRPXQLGDGGHSHUVRQDVTXHSDUWLFLSDQFRPRSURIHVLRQDOHV en la gestión de lo que llamamos escuela. Se trata de reivindicar HOWUDEDMRFRRSHUDWLYRGHUHFRQRFHUQRVyORDORVRWURVGRFHQWHV VLQRDWRGRDTXHOTXHKDFHSDUWHGHODFRPXQLGDGHVFRODU /D FRPXQLGDG HV DVt XQ HOHPHQWR HVHQFLDO SDUD OD SHGDJRJtD FUtWLFD\GHIRUPDH[SUHVDVXUHODFLyQFRQHOHVWXGLDQWH\HOGRFHQWHFRPRHVSDFLRYLWDOGHLQWHUDFFLyQ(QHIHFWRWRGRSURFHVR HGXFDWLYRGHEHGDUVHSDUDODYLGDHQFRPXQLGDGSRUORTXHpVWD GHEHLQYROXFUDUVHGHIRUPDDFWLYDHQODYLGDGHODHVFXHODFRPR LQVWLWXFLyQ\FRPRFRQMXQWRGHSURFHVRVIRUPDWLYRV(VHYLGHQWH TXHHQQXHVWUDUHDOLGDGHGXFDWLYDXQLYHUVLWDULDODIRUPDFLyQGH ORVGRFHQWHVVHGHVDUUROODFRPRHVSHFLDOL]DFLyQ\SURIHVLRQDOL]DFLyQHQXQDGLVFLSOLQD\FRQRFLPLHQWRHVSHFtILFRGHMDQGRGHODGR HVWHDVSHFWRIXQGDPHQWDOSUHSDUDUSDUDODFRQYLYHQFLDSDUDOD YLGDFRRSHUDWLYD\SDUWLFLSDWLYDORTXHLPSOLFDHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWR DFHSWDFLyQ\UHVSHWRSRUODVGLIHUHQFLDV (QHIHFWRHOFRQWH[WRORRWURORDIXHUDDODVXEMHWLYLGDGKXPDQD tiene una gran injerencia en la manera como el sujeto construye VXLGHQWLGDGVXIRUPDGHLQWHUDFFLyQIDPLOLDU\VRFLDO'HPRGR que entender cómo las condiciones estructurales de la sociedad LQIOX\HQHQORVSURFHVRVHGXFDWLYRVHVXQSXQWRGHUHIOH[LyQTXH SRVLELOLWD XQD IRUPDFLyQ PiV KXPDQD GDGRUD GH VHQWLGR (VWR SXHGH DVt FRQILJXUDU XQD HGXFDFLyQ FRQWH[WXDOL]DGD HQ WDQWR TXHVHLQYROXFUDDODVTXHSUiFWLFDVHVFRODUHVQRVyORDOHVSDFLR 58 81,9(56,'$''(6$1%8(1$9(1785$6('(%2*27É)$&8/7$''(('8&$&,Ð1 /$)250$&,Ð162&,2&5Ì7,&$81$&/$9(3$5$35(6(59$5/$',*1,'$''(/2+80$12 JHRJUiILFRGRQGHVHGHVDUUROODQRGRQGHKDELWDQORVHVWXGLDQWHV GRFHQWHV\ODFRPXQLGDGGRQGHUHDOL]DQVXVDFFLRQHVVLQRTXH WDPELpQFLUFXQVFULEHORVHVSDFLRVFXOWXUDOHVKLVWyULFRVUHOLJLRVRV sicológicos e ideológicos. 6LELHQHVFLHUWRTXHFDGDSHUVRQDFDGDVXMHWRFRPRVHUGLVWLQWR FRQXQDLGHQWLGDGSURSLDLQWHUDFW~DHLQWHUSUHWDODUHDOLGDGHQ TXHYLYHGHIRUPDSHUVRQDO\GLIHUHQWHWDPELpQORHVHOKHFKRGH TXHORTXHFDGDXQRLQWHULRUL]D\ODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQTXHHODERUD GHVXHQWRUQRGHSHQGHQGHODIRUPDHQTXHHVWiLQPHUVR\FyPR LQWHUDFW~DHQXQHVSDFLRIDPLOLDUVRFLDOFXOWXUDO\GHVGHOXHJR HGXFDWLYR&RQRWUDVSDODEUDVODVFRQGLFLRQHVHVWUXFWXUDOHVGHO FRQWH[WRLQWHUYLHQHQHOSURFHVRHGXFDWLYRGHFDGDSHUVRQD\GH cada institución. 3RU HVWR SHQVDU XQD IRUPDFLyQ FRQ XQ HQIRTXH FUtWLFR H[LJH SDUDORVDFWRUHVHGXFDWLYRVDVXPLUXQUROPiVDOOiGHODVLPSOH GLVFLSOLQDULHGDGHVWRHVFRPSUHQGHUTXHGRFHQWHV\HVWXGLDQWHVSRUHMHPSORGHEHQVHUDXWyQRPRVDQDOtWLFRVFUtWLFRVFRQ FDSDFLGDG SDUD FUHDU XQ HQWRUQR SDUD HO DSUHQGL]DMH GRQGH VH DSUHQGDDSHQVDUFUtWLFDPHQWH\DGHPiVPDQWHQHUODPRWLYDFLyQSRUODE~VTXHGDSRUHOFRQRFLPLHQWR\SRUODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ $VtHOGRFHQWHGHEHUtDVHUXQVXMHWRQRVyORFDSD]GHJHQHUDU\ WUDQVPLWLUXQQXHYRFRQRFLPLHQWR~WLODODVRFLHGDGVLQRFDSD] GH HQVHxDU D DQDOL]DU \ WUDQVIRUPDU OD UHDOLGDG FXOWLYDQGR HQ VXVHVWXGLDQWHVODUHIOH[LyQ\ODDUJXPHQWDFLyQSURSRVLWLYDIUHQWH DORTXHSXHGHVHUDXWRULWDULRDOLHQDQWH\GHVKXPDQL]DQWHHV GHFLUSURPRYLHQGRXQDFRQFLHQFLDFUtWLFD\UHIOH[LYDIUHQWHDOR HQDMHQDQWH)UHLUH 3RUHVWRODLQYHVWLJDFLyQFRQVWLWX\HXQUHIHUHQWHSDUDODIRUPDFLyQ \HOGHVDUUROORGHXQDDFWLWXGFUtWLFD\FRQVWUXFWLYDTXHJHQHUH DOWHUQDWLYDVSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHODQDFLyQGHVGHORVHVSDFLRV HGXFDWLYRV,QKHUHQWHDHVWRORVSURFHVRVHVFRODUHVGHEHQSRVLELOLWDU TXH HO HVWXGLDQWH DVXPD XQ SDSHO IXQGDPHQWDO HQ OD ,7,1(5$5,2('8&$7,92$f2;;91-8/,2',&,(0%5('( 59 :,/0(5+(51$1'26,/9$&$55(f2 IRUPDFLyQVLHQGRDXWyQRPR\SDUWtFLSHGHODYLGDHVFRODU\GHO FRQWH[WR VRFLRSROtWLFR TXH OH URGHD $XQTXH VH HYLGHQFLD XQD FRPSUHQVLyQGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQHGXFDWLYD\SHGDJyJLFDFRPR XQHMHUFLFLRGHSUHJXQWDUSRUODPLVPDODERUIRUPDWLYD\ODSUREOHPDWL]DFLyQ GH OD HGXFDFLyQ \ OD SHGDJRJtD VH FRPSUHQGH desde esta mirada como toda acción que se lleva a cabo de una PDQHUD VLVWHPiWLFD \ IXQGDPHQWDGD SDUD FULWLFDU DPSOLDU \ WUDQVIRUPDUODVWDUHDVHGXFDWLYDV\SHGDJyJLFDVGHWDOPDQHUD TXHDSDUWLUGHHOODVVHJHQHUHQDFFLRQHVTXHFRQWULEX\DQDOD WUDQVIRUPDFLyQVRFLDODPHMRUDUODHGXFDFLyQDGDUUHVSXHVWDD GHWHUPLQDGRVSUREOHPDVRIHQyPHQRVTXHDIHFWDQODHGXFDFLyQ PLVPD0FNHUQDQ &RQFOXVLRQHV 8QDIRUPDFLyQVRFLRFUtWLFDGHPDQGDXQDUHIOH[LyQTXHLQWHJUH GHIRUPDGLDOpFWLFDODSUiFWLFDHGXFDWLYDTXHVHUHDOL]DFRQHO PRPHQWRKLVWyULFR\SROtWLFRTXHHQYXHOYHDHVWXGLDQWHVGRFHQWHV\HVFXHODV'HDKtTXHORVSURFHVRVGHIRUPDFLyQGHEHQ HVWDURUJDQL]DGRVSDUWLHQGRGHODVQHFHVLGDGHVSURSLDVGHORV estudiantes, y teniendo como objeto la integración de elementos FRPRODWUDQVIRUPDFLyQFUHDWLYD\SDFtILFDGHORVFRQIOLFWRVTXH DSDUHFHQFRWLGLDQDPHQWHHQHOHQWRUQRHGXFDWLYR\VRFLDOOD LQWHJUDFLyQH[SUHVDGHODGLPHQVLyQVRFLRDIHFWLYD\HPRFLRQDO GHOHVWXGLDQWHODSRWHQFLDFLyQGHODFDSDFLGDGFRPXQLFDWLYDGH IRUPDFUtWLFD\FRQVWUXFWLYDHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWR\ODYDORUDFLyQ GHODVGLIHUHQFLDVFRPRHOHPHQWRVSURSLRVGHODFRQYLYHQFLD OD LQFRUSRUDFLyQ H[SOtFLWD GH OD GHIHQVD GH ORV GHUHFKRV KXPDQRV HO UHVSHWR D OD PXOWLFXOWXUDOLGDG OD FRPSUHQVLyQ GHO PXQGRJOREDOL]DGRODWRPDGHFRQFLHQFLDGHODVGHVLJXDOGDGHVHLQMXVWLFLDVVRFLDOHVODE~VTXHGDGHXQDIRUPDFLyQSDUD HOVRVWHQLEOHGHWRGRV\GHVGHOXHJRODQHFHVDULDVXSHUDFLyQ GHODGLVFULPLQDFLyQGHJpQHURV'HHVWHPRGRORVFXUUtFXORV GHEHUtDQ LQFOXLU VDEHUHV GH RUGHQ VRFLDO HVWR HV FXUVRV TXH SHUPLWDQDORVHVWXGLDQWHVH[DPLQDUVXFRQWH[WRHOVHQWLGRGH 60 81,9(56,'$''(6$1%8(1$9(1785$6('(%2*27É)$&8/7$''(('8&$&,Ð1 /$)250$&,Ð162&,2&5Ì7,&$81$&/$9(3$5$35(6(59$5/$',*1,'$''(/2+80$12 UHVSRQVDELOLGDGVRFLDOVXFRPSURPLVRPRUDOFRQODFRPXQLGDG *LURX[ 4XHHOHVWXGLDQWHVHDFRQVFLHQWHGHVXSDSHOGHQWURGHODVRFLHGDGGHVXYDORUGHQWURGHODHVFXHODGXHxRGHVXFRWLGLDQHLGDG HVHOKRUL]RQWHGHFRPSUHQVLyQGHODSHGDJRJtDFUtWLFD(VXQD PDQHUDGHUHVSRQGHUDODVSUREOHPiWLFDVVRFLDOHVGHOPXQGR PRGHUQR FDUDFWHUL]DGR SRU OD VLVWHPDWL]DFLyQ LPSHULDOLVWD GH SURFHVRVFDSLWDOLVWDVWHFQROyJLFRV\JOREDOL]DGRV$SSOH (VXQDIRUPDGHUHDFFLRQDUGHIRUPDFRQVFLHQWHDXWyQRPD\ UHVSRQVDEOHDORVDYDWDUHVGHODYLGDSROtWLFDGHQXHVWUDVRFLHGDG'HDKtTXHSXHGDYHUVHFyPRHVXQSULQFLSLRHVWUXFWXUDUWH SURSHQGHUSRUXQDHGXFDFLyQKXPDQDGLJQLILFDQWHTXHKDFH IUHQWHDODVSURSXHVWDVUHSUHVLYDVGHORVGLIHUHQWHVVLVWHPDVTXH VRQLQKHUHQWHVORVSURFHVRVHGXFDWLYRV 'HHVWDPDQHUDHVWDHVSHUDQ]DGHODIRUPDFLyQVRFLRFUtWLFDHQ HGXFDFLyQ SHUPLWH YHU OD FRQVROLGDFLyQ GH SUiFWLFDV SHGDJyJLFDVIRUPDWLYDVTXHWRPHQFRPREDVHODSUHVHUYDFLyQGHOR KXPDQRORFXDOSXHGHPDWHULDOL]DUVHHQXQIXWXURFRPRVLWXDFLyQVRFLDOGHMXVWLFLDJHQHUDOL]DGDHQODTXHWRGRVSDUWLFLSDQ de las necesidades básicas cubiertas y los derechos humanos JDUDQWL]DGRV8QDVRFLHGDGHQODTXHODLQWHUDFFLyQKXPDQDHV GDGDFRQUHFLSURFLGDGGRQGHODVGHFLVLRQHV\SUiFWLFDVSROtWLFDV TXHQRVDIHFWDQFRPRFROHFWLYRVHWRPDQGHIRUPDGHPRFUiWLFD No requiere esto de una trasmutación de los valores socioculWXUDOHVGHORVSXHEORVVLQRGHXQDSUD[LVFRPXQLWDULD\MXVWD de los mismos. %LEOLRJUDItD $SSOH0Ideología y currículo0DGULG$.$/ $SSOH0Teoría crítica y educación%XHQRV$LUHV1LxR y Dávila Editores. ,7,1(5$5,2('8&$7,92$f2;;91-8/,2',&,(0%5('( 61 :,/0(5+(51$1'26,/9$&$55(f2 &DEHUR - 6DOLQDV - 'XDUWH $ 'RPLQJR - Nuevas tecnologías aplicadas a la educación0DGULG6tQWHVLV &DUU : .HPPLV 6 Teoría crítica de la enseñanza, la investigación-acción en la formación del profesorado. BarceORQD0DUWtQH]5RFD6$ 'HFUHWR GH GH MXQLR Diario Oficial n.º 44.840 GHO GH MXQLR GH 0LQLVWHULR GH (GXFDFLRQ 1DFLRQDO 3RU HO FXDO VH H[SLGH HO (VWDWXWR GH SURIHVLRQDOL]DFLyQ GRFHQWH 5HFXSHUDGR GH ZZZPLQHGXFDFLRQJRYFR DUWLFOHVBDUFKLYRBSGISGI 'HFUHWRGHGHDEULODiario Oficial n.º 47.687 del 21 de abril de 2010. Por el cual se reglamenta el registro caliILFDGRGHTXHWUDWDOD/H\GH\ODRIHUWD\GHVDUUROOR GHSURJUDPDVDFDGpPLFRVGHHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU )UHLUH3Pedagogía del oprimido. 0p[LFR6LJOR;;, )UHLUH3Política y educación0p[LFR6LJOR;;, *LURX[+Los profesores como intelectuales: hacia una pedagogía crítica del aprendizaje. (VSDxD3DLGyV *LURX[+Pedagogía y política de la esperanza7UDGXFFLyQ GH+RUDFLR3RQV%XHQRV$LUHV$PRUURUWX *LURX[+La escuela y la lucha por la ciudadanía7UDGXFFLyQGH0DUWtQ0XU8EDVDUW0p[LFR6LJOR;;, *LURX[+Teoría y Resistencia en Educación7UDGXFFLyQ GH$GDWHUHVLWD0pQGH]0p[LFR6LJOR;;, 0F.HUQDQ-Investigación-acción y curriculum. 0DGULG 0RUDWD. 0F/DUHQ3Pedagogía crítica y cultura depredadora. Barcelona: Paidós. 62 81,9(56,'$''(6$1%8(1$9(1785$6('(%2*27É)$&8/7$''(('8&$&,Ð1 /$)250$&,Ð162&,2&5Ì7,&$81$&/$9(3$5$35(6(59$5/$',*1,'$''(/2+80$12 0F/DUHQ 3 La vida en las escuelas. Una introducción a la pedagogía crítica en los fundamentos de la educación. 0p[LFR6LJOR;;, 0LOOiQ-RVp$Cultura y educación en las nuevas tecnologías.0DGULG6DQWLOODQD 1DYDUUR 7DQLD ©/D IRUPDFLyQ GHO GRFHQWH XQLYHUVLWDULR HQ/DWLQRDPpULFDª(QRevista en Línea Artemisa0p[LFR 13, 2, 70-72. Recibido en abril de 2011 Arbitrado en junio de 2011 ,7,1(5$5,2('8&$7,92$f2;;91-8/,2',&,(0%5('( 63