Estrategias, herramientas y recursos para la selección de cultivos y

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Estrategias, Herramientas, y Recursos para la
Selección y la Diversificación de Cultivos
Mark Gaskell
Consejero Agrícola
Universidad de California
Santa Maria
Un proceso de revisión de opciones
•
Decisiones generales
P
tiempo disponible
l
S
producción y mercadeo
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econd paragraph. The quick red fox
jumped over the lazy brown dog
on his way to the fair.
•
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Recursos?
financimiento
agua? – tierra?
i
- mano de obra
- infrastructura
1
Como va a vender el producto?
•
Hayy que
q saber Pantes qque sembrar
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• Sembrar para un mercado
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y no sembrar por sembrar y después
preguntarse
“ como vendo esto?
Como va a vender el producto?
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•
Ventas directas
marketas
S
restaurants / hoteles
T
“internet”
“jobber”
Mercado mayorista?
•
Tiempo VS valor VS volumen
•
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econd paragraph. The quick red fox
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2
Hay que invertir tiempo en el mercadeo
Sembrar es fácil
•
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Muchas veces son los cultivos especiales
S
- más bajo volumen
y más alto valor
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econd paragraph. The quick red fox
jumped over the lazy brown dog
on his way to the fair.
•
•
Especies nuevas o nuevas al área ?
•
Nueva ventana de cosecha ?
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Nuevo producto ?
compradores dictan los terminos
Elementos claves para la diversificación
•
•
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Señales del mercado
S
- guían la selección
de los cultivos
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econd paragraph. The quick red fox
jumped over the lazy brown dog
on his way to the fair.
Logística ?
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- mano de obra, transporte, enfriamiento, ventas
•
Combinar agronomía con mercado
•
Precios historiales vs. Costos proyectados
- cantidad de agua, calidad, costo?
3
Pensar en ventajas competitivas?
•
Clima?
•
Costos? – producción?
•
Costos de mercadeo, transporte
•
Producto importado?
p
•
Vida útil y costos escondidos?
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Trabajar con el vendedor
•
•
•
•
•
El vendedor conoce el producto?
P
De donde viene su producto ahora?
Quienes son sus
fuentes de producto ahora?
S
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econd paragraph. The quick red fox
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Tratamiento especiale
para enfriar o enviar?
T
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Precios? pagos? arreglos especiales?
volumen / ritmo de cosecha?
Variedad
V
i d d / madurez
d
/ calidad
lid d
comunicación es importante
Tipo de empaque / manejo / transportación
4
Tipos de empaque de arándano
•
•
•
•
•
•
12 / 6 oz
12 / 5.6 oz
12 / 4.4 oz
12 / 3.5 oz
12 / 100 g
gm
12 / 125 gm
•
•
•
•
•
•
12 / 160 gm
12 / 175 gm
12 / 1 pt
12 / 12 oz
? ? 4 / 1 qqt
? ? 2 / 2 ¼ lb
Puntos Claves
•
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Precios ?
S
que precio puede esperar como promedio?
econd paragraph. The quick red fox
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on his way to the fair.
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Costos?
Costo unitarios?
AREA X PRODUCCIÓN
5
Información útil sobre los mercados
•
Estudios de costos
P
htt // t t di
http://coststudies.ucdavis.edu/
d i d /
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Second paragraph. The quick red fox
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Estadísticas Anuales
– volumen / valor
T
USDA Economic Research Service
http://www.ers.usda.gov/
•
Precios diarios o historiales USDA – AMS
http://marketnews.usda.gov/portal/fv
•
Perfiles del cultivo
jumped over the lazy brown dog
on his way to the fair.
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www.usda.gov/services
Fuentes de información
PRECIOS
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www.marketnews.usda.gov
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6
7
8
2006 - Precios al mayor para arándanos frescos
Mercado terminal Los Ángeles
50
Imported Fruit
45
$ Por Bandeja
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
CD = 12 / 1 pt
5
0
Chile
MX
NZ
CD
ARG
Promedio de precios al mayor por arándanos frescos
Mercado Terminal de Los Ángeles 2004 - 2006
20.00
18.00
16.00
Price ($/lb)
14.00
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4 00
4.00
2.00
0.00
Hay que añadir costos de flete, de enfriamiento, y
posiblemente otra comisión a estos >> portal de la finca
Month / Week
9
Fuentes de información
COSTOS
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Second paragraph. The quick red fox
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http://coststudies.ucdavis.edu
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Resumenes anuales de la USDA- AMS
•
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T t l de
Totales
d volumen
l
mensuall
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Second paragraph. The quick red fox
•
Totales de volumen
punto de embarque
T
•
Volumen por punto de embarque
•
P internet
Por
i t
t o papell
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http://www.usda.gov/services.html
Crop Profile for Blueberries in Oregon
Prepared February 2000
General Production Information
•Oregon is the United States’ third major
producer of blueberries.
•Blueberries from Oregon account for
12 4% of the total U
12.4%
U.S.
S crop
crop.
•In Oregon, 2,200–2,500 acres produced
21,000,000–23,000,000 pounds of fruit.
•Total costs for blueberry production in the
Willamette Valley are $9,422.48 per acre.
•Oregon markets blueberries fresh
(6,500,000–8,000,000 pounds) and
processed (14,500,000–15,000,000
pounds).
Cultural Practices
Production Regions
Most of Oregon’s blueberries grow west of the
Cascades in the Willamette Valley. In 1997, Linn
County had the largest acreage (610 acres)
followed by Washington (450 acres), Clackamas
(270 acres), and Yamhill (210 acres) Counties.
(2)
The highbush blueberry is the commercial species that Oregon
berry growers rely on. It is a long-lived woody plant that requires
adequate moisture and well-drained acid soils. Two-year old plants
are generally established at 30 inches to 4 feet in rows 10–12 feet
apart. Plants produce a light crop (1.5 tons/acre) the third year after
planting. Growers achieve full production 8–10 years (10 or more
tons/acre), and plants remain productive for m…
.
.
.
Información útil para las los
productos frescos
Estándares de calidad
P
Apariencia y condición
Industria y USDA
- inspección ?
S
•
•
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econd paragraph. The quick red fox
jumped over the lazy brown dog
on his way to the fair.
Normas de empaqueT – tamaño, forma, peso
• Ventas por peso, numero, volumen?
• Caja – muestras
• Asistencia con diseño de la marca
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Requerimientos en el manejo poscosecha? normas ?
• Transporte – mezclados VS enteros?
• Pre – enfriamiento, almacenaje?
13
Herramientas en el proceso de
revisión de opciones
•
•
Decisiones generales?
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Recursos?
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• Fuentes de información para tomar
decisiones
Estrategias, Herramientas, y Recursos para la
Selección y la Diversificación de Cultivos
Mark Gaskell
Consejero Agrícola
Universidad de California
Santa Maria
14
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