From Battling for Hearts and Minds: Memory Struggles in Pinochet’s Chile, 1973–1988, by Steve J. Stern (Duke University Press, 2006) 1 Index Page references in italics refer to illustrations. absurdist humor, 132–34 Academy of Christian Humanism, 204–5 Acevedo, Sebastián, 257–59, 277, 282–83, 331 Acuerdo Nacional, 471n.56 Acuña, Gastón, 61 Ad-Mapu Association, 216, 217 Advis, Luis, 291 afep (Agrupación de Familiares de Ejecutados Políticos), 213 agrarian reform, xxii, 14. See also Lonquén case Agrupación Cultural Universitaria (University Cultural Association), 130, 187–88 Agrupación de Familiares de Detenidos-Desaparecidos (Association of Relatives of the Detained and Disappeared): acceptance of the deaths of the disappeared by, 220; anniversaries used by, 451n.5; formation/composition of, 114–15; growth of, 220–21; hunger strikes by, 125–26, 209; initiatives/activism by, 218–22, 282; international testimonial trip by, 128; plebiscite (1988) supported by, 346; street protests by, 154, 278–79, 282; and the Vicaría, 209, 220 Agrupación de Familiares de Ejecutados Políticos (afep), 213 air force, 142–43, 240 Alberto N., 79, 80 Aldunate, José, 160–61, 259, 261, 270, 355 Alegría Mundaca, Juan, 227 Alessandri, Jorge, 41, 170, 175 Alianza Democrática, 314–16, 317, 319, 323, 345 Allamand, Andrés, 318, 346, 373, 482n.83 “Allende, Allende, Allende está presente” (Allende, Allende, Allende is here with us), 317 Allende, Salvador: alleged arsenals of, 39, 40, 41; burial/tomb of, 164, 489; coup against (see coup of 11 September 1973); and the crisis of rule, 19–20, 27–28; death of, 181; dinner meeting with Aylwin and Silva Henríquez, 30–32, 402–3n.2; documents from life/presidency of, 488–89; election of, xxiv, 13; excesses of/deceptions by, 39, 41; farewell address of, 11–13, 27–28, 181, 325, 399n.3, 494; foreboding during presidency of, 14–17; mapu support of, 231; on paramilitary groups, 31; as a Plan Z target, 45–46; plebiscite considered by, 24–25, 401n.23; politicocultural contentiousness under, 16–17; on popular power, 20; remembered in chants, 317; security of/assassination attempts against, 13; socialist project of, through democratic process, xxiv, 14, 29, 39; Soviet Union toasted by, 70, 412n.62; “This is From Battling for Hearts and Minds: Memory Struggles in Pinochet’s Chile, 1973–1988, by Steve J. Stern (Duke University Press, 2006) 2 Chile” declaration of, 32; U.S. enmity toward, 14; violence shunned by, 39 Alliance for Progress, xxiv Almeyda, Clodomiro, 159, 198, 203, 347 Altamirano Orrego, Carlos, 24, 32, 45, 159, 198, 203, 401n.22 Alvarez, María de, 77–78 Alvarez Scoglia, Ramsés, 227 Alvear, Enrique, 161, 163 Amnesty International, xxv, 94, 96, 467n.29 Amnesty Law (1978), 147–55, 177, 209, 240–41, 244 Análisis: Academy of Christian Humanism’s creation of, 204; on Chilean mentality, 229; circulation of, 299; on Madariaga, 310; mdp favored by, 316; style of, 465n.19; suspension of, 307; on Villa Grimaldi, 204, 229, 311 Andrés de La Victoria, 308–9, 331, 466n.25 anef (Asociación Nacional de Empleados Fiscales; National Civil Service Union), 226–27, 228, 251 animitas (shrines), 161, 162, 258 anniversaries: dissident memory promoted via, 244, 451n.5; 11 September, celebrations of, 70–71, 72, 244, 326–27, 412–13n.64, 413n.67; 11 September, Pinochet’s addresses/interviews, 51, 58, 63, 67–70, 280, 300, 327; 11 September, protests of, 326–27, 384, 399n.3; 11 September, sentences commuted on, 73, 413n.67; memory struggles on, 244, 298, 451n.5. See also ceremony/celebration Anti-Torture Movement. See Sebastián Acevedo Anti-Torture Movement Apsi: Alianza Democrática favored by, 316; circulation of, 299; humor issue on Pinochet, 347, 355, 356; pressure on, to defend relevance/readership, 355; style of, 465n.19; suspension of, 307 Aquino, Corazón, 379 Aravena, Jorge, 305 Aravena de Contreras, Lucía Elianivea, 99–100 Araya, Werther, 124, 127 Arce, Luz, 427n.1 archives. See sources, research Arellano Iturriaga, Sergio, 466–67n.29 Arellano Stark, Sergio, 45–46, 51, 310–11, 437n.69, 466–67n.29, 466n.28 Argentina: Chile’s tensions with, 141, 143, 152, 240, 338; dictatorship’s demise in, 354; dina’s relationship with, 55; military regime in, xxiii Arica, 278, 279–80 Ariztía, Fernando, 90, 92 armed forces: leftist infiltration of, 23–24, 32; tensions within, 142, 240 Armed Forces Day (19 September), 70 arms arsenals, 39, 40, 41, 47–48, 52–54, 324 From Battling for Hearts and Minds: Memory Struggles in Pinochet’s Chile, 1973–1988, by Steve J. Stern (Duke University Press, 2006) 3 Arms Control Law, 23, 31 Army Intelligence (dine; Dirección de Inteligencia del Ejército), 227 Army Telecommunications Regiment, 292–93 army vs. air force, 142–43, 240 arpilleras (tapestries), 81, 83–86, 85, 415n.2 arrests/detentions, political: of activists against the new Constitution, 171; amnesty for prisoners, 148; decrease in, 155; by dina, 53, 54, 311; group arrests to abort demonstrations, 226; habeas corpus petitions for, 90, 102–3, 332; humiliation of prisoners, 78; increase in, 155; International Commission of Jurists’ investigation of, 96; Iquique detentions, 292–94, 462n.9; Pisagua detentions, 291–94, 462n.9; prisoners used for target practice, 79; of protesters, 253, 255, 257; resumption of (1984), 322; scope of, xxi, 96, 110, 292–93, 394–95n.3; sentences commuted on 11 September anniversaries, 73, 413n.67; survivors’ psychological legacies, 59. See also specific locations for detentions Arriagada, Genaro, 373 Arroyo Kuhn, Julio, 258 arsenals of arms, 39, 40, 41, 47–48, 52–54, 324 Arthur, Blanca, 327 Asociación Nacional de Empleados Fiscales. See anef assassination plots. See Plan Boomerang Rojo; Plan Leopardo; Plan Z Assembly of the Theater School (Catholic University), 193 Association of Pro Human Rights Lawyers, 224 Association of Relatives of the Detained and Disappeared. See Agrupación de Familiares de Detenidos-Desaparecidos Astudillo, Enrique, 166–67 Astudillo family, 166. See also Lonquén case Atacama Desert, 289 audiovisual programs, 308–9, 353, 361, 366, 466nn.25–26 austerity, 41, 69. See also liberation as austere/protective/patriotic awakening: despertar, 384–85; into dissent, 285–86; and feminism, 385; Mapuche, 214, 216–17; moral, 3, 229, 232, 259, 261, 384; of rage, 384–85. See also under memory struggles; witnessing/awakening Aylwin Azócar, Andrés, 196, 424n.66 Aylwin Azócar, Patricio: on Allende’s use of discussions, 32; on an exit from dictatorship, 345; Briones’s settlement talks with, 31–32, 401n.23, 402n.2; on campaign against civil war, 20; as Christian Democrat president, 346, 347; as Christian Democrat vice-president, 204; dinner meeting with Allende and Silva Henríquez, 30–32, 402–3n.2; on El Teniente, 31; health/morale of, 234–35; on La Papelera, 31; on Pinochet’s nomination, 363; plebiscite role of, 374, 378–79; on popular power, 31; resignation of, 235; on sect memory, 203; on Unidad Popular, From Battling for Hearts and Minds: Memory Struggles in Pinochet’s Chile, 1973–1988, by Steve J. Stern (Duke University Press, 2006) 4 360 Aymara people, 289 Baez, Joan, 229–30, 230 Baeza, Alfonso, 161, 163 Bañados, Adolfo, 157–58, 159, 165 Bañados, Patricio, 367–68, 369 Banco del Estado (Bank of the State), 71 bandos (edicts), 36–38, 403n.4 Bank of Chile (Banco de Chile), 33 banks/finance companies, insolvency thwarted at, 225 Barnes, Harry, 353–54 Barría Araneda, Arturo, 164 Barros, Jorge, 310, 466n.28 Battle of Iquique, 70, 289–90, 461n.5 Bejares, Hernán, 122 Bell, Griffin, 145 Benavente, David, 132–33 Benedetti, Mario, xxviii–xxix, 397n.11 Bermeosolo Bertrán, Ignacio, 166, 167 Berríos, Eugenio, 227 La Bicicleta: censorship of, 463n.1; circulation of, 299, 463n.2; photos printed by, 463n.1; readership of, 188; suspension of, 307 Bío-Bío River, 287, 460n.1 Bitar, Sergio, 466n.28 black markets, 15 Blest, Clotario, 160 Boeninger, Edgardo, 344–45, 346 Boletín Codepu, 316 Bolivia, xxiii, 141, 152 Bolton, Roberto, 90, 259, 266–67, 270, 355, 455n.28 Bonilla, Oscar: and conar, 91; coup role of, 437n.69; death of, 55; in the Defense Ministry, 55; on dina, 55; on Plan Z, 41, 406n.24 books, approval required for, 299 Bórquez, Israel, 146, 157 Brady, Herman, 45 Bravo, Gabriela, 128 Bravo, Nino, 70 Brazil, xxiii, 354, 379