history denominations viticulture winemaking ageing diversity enjoy The Denominations of Origin history denominations viticulture winemaking ageing diversity enjoy Historical background § Recognition of specific characteristics of the region´s wines since ancient times: soil, climate and cultural practices. § Historical influence of the indutry´s inter-­‐professional organisations: -­‐ 1483 “Gremio de la Pasa y la Vendimia” -­‐ XVII C. “Gremio de Vinateros” -­‐ 1924 “Jerez” collective trademark for wines history denominations viticulture winemaking 1933 – creation of the DO ageing diversity enjoy § The oldest DO in Spain an one of the oldest in Europe – established with the first Spanish National Law on Wine (1933). § 1935: publication of the “Reglamento”, integrating rules and control systems -­‐ from the planting of a vineyard to the commersialization of the wines. § Denomination of Origin: a legal concept created in order to protect both the producers and the consumers. history denominations viticulture winemaking ageing diversity enjoy The land of origin § “Zona de Crianza” demarcated region – the Sherry triangle: -­‐ Jerez de la Frontera -­‐ El Puerto de Santa María -­‐ Sanlúcar de Barrameda •• ROTA § Other municipalities in the “Zona de Produccion”: Chipiona, Trebujena, Rota, Puerto Real, Chiclana and Lebrija. § Total production area has changed over the years. Today approx. 7.o00 hectares . history denominations viticulture winemaking ageing diversity Three different DO´s... ...with one single origin. § JEREZ-­‐XÉRÈS-­‐SHERRY § MANZANILLA-SANLÚCAR DE § VINAGRE DE JEREZ BARRAMEDA enjoy history viticulture denominations winemaking ageing diversity enjoy Vinegrowers MUNICIPIO Chiclana(de(la(Frontera Chipiona El(Puerto(de(Santa(María Jerez(de(la(Frontera Lebrija Puerto(Real Rota Sanlúcar(de(Barrameda Trebujena TOTAL8GENERAL Superior 0,00 35,77 251,11 4.535,86 0,11 0,00 93,72 818,17 551,13 6.285,87 Superficie8inscrita Zona 132,76 79,52 6,20 5,64 145,43 119,16 53,73 41,46 67,92 651,83 Total 132,77 115,30 257,31 4.541,50 145,54 119,16 147,45 859,64 619,05 6.937,71 Nº8de8Viñas 155 92 51 440 135 35 57 618 850 2.433 26%$ 46%$ Coopera'ves* Independent*growers* Bodegas* 28%$ Superficie media8(Has.) 0,86 1,25 5,05 10,32 1,08 3,40 2,59 1,39 0,73 2,85 history viticulture denominations The bodegas ZONA DE PRODUCCIÓN Registered vineyards 1 Bodegas de Elaboración (Lagars) winemaking ageing diversity enjoy 4 Bodegas de Producción ZONA DE CRIANZA 5 Bodegas de Crianza y Expedición 3 5 Bodegas de Crianza y Almacenado 6 2 4 “Zona de Producción” non-­‐DO wines 2 Non-­‐DO young wines (mosto) 5 Qualified non-­‐aged wines 3 6 Qualified aged wines 1 Qualified grapes Qualified young wine (mosto) 7 DO wines 7 history viticulture denominations winemaking ageing diversity enjoy Las bodegas 12 § Bodegas de Producción: 19 -­‐ located outside of the “Zona de Crianza” -­‐ produce wines to be sold without the DO appellation -­‐ can supply wines to be aged in the “Zona de Crianza” § Bodegas de Crianza y Almacenado (Almacenistas): -­‐ located within the “Zona de Crianza” -­‐ age wines with the DO appellation -­‐ sell their wines to the “Bodegas de Crianza y Expedición” 47 § Bodegas de Crianza y Expedición (Exportadores): -­‐ located within the “Zona de Crianza” -­‐ age and sell wines with the DO appellation 78 registered bodegas history viticulture denominations The bodegas winemaking ageing diversity enjoy Total ageing stocks of wine: 285.000 botas (142,5 Mn. l) 2% 2% Exportadores – Jerez 23% Exportadores – Sanlúcar Almacenista – Jerez Almacenistas – Sanlúcar Exportadores – El Puerto 3% 70% history denominations viticulture winemaking ageing diversity The bodegas Total annual sales of approx. 50 Mn. bottles 4% 3% 7% 30% Spain Great Britain The Netherlands 9% Germany Rest of Europe 19% United States 28% Rest of the World enjoy history denominations viticulture winemaking ageing diversity The Consejo Regulador – functions 1 The Industry´s inter-­‐professional organisation. census VINEGROWERS elections every 4 years BODEGAS REGISTERS COOPERATIVES ALMACENISTAS enjoy history viticulture denominations winemaking ageing The Consejo Regulador 1 diversity Junta de Andalucía The Industry´s inter-­‐professional president organisation. census (vinegrowers) producers VINEGROWERS 10 “vocales” shippers elections (bodegas) every 4 years 10 “BODEGAS vocales” Jerez-­‐Xérès-­‐Sherry (8) REGISTERS Manzanilla (1) independents (6) cooperatives (4) COOPERATIVES Vinagre de Jerez (1) ALMACENISTAS enjoy history denominations viticulture winemaking ageing diversity enjoy The Consejo Regulador -­‐ functions 1 2 The Industry´s inter-­‐professional organisation. Establishes the operating rules of the DO. Reglamento de Funcionamento (of the Consejo Regulador) Internal aspects Technical Files (for each Denomination) Product specifications history denominations viticulture Technical file viticulture § § § § § § Location of vineyards Planting controls Authorised varieties Pruning methods Other cultural practices Harvest dates & conditions § Maximum yield winemaking ageing diversity enjoy history denominations viticulture winemaking ageing diversity Technical file viniculture § Pressing: 70 lt. per 100 kg. § Fortification § Minimum ageing periods § Oak wood casks (botas) § Inventary controls § Specifications for each style of wine § Bottling and shipping controls enjoy history denominations viticulture winemaking ageing diversity El Consejo Regulador -­‐ functions 1 2 3 The industry´s interprofessional organisation. Establishes de rules of the DO. Guaratees the authenticity of the wines produced. enjoy history denominations viticulture winemaking ageing diversity The Consejo Regulador – Guarantee Specific codification number for each single bottle enjoy history denominations viticulture winemaking ageing diversity The Consejo Regulador -­‐ functions 1 2 3 4 The industry´s interprofessional organisation. Establishes the rules of the DO. Guarantees the authenticity of the wines produced. Acts as “custodian” of the DO´s collective assets. enjoy history denominations viticulture winemaking ageing diversity The Consejo Regulador -­‐ functions 1 2 3 4 5 The industry´s interprofessional organisation. Establishes the rules of the DO. Guarantees the authenticity of the wines produced. Acts as “custodian” of the DO´s collective assets. Industry-­‐wide promotion: product quality, training, marketing... enjoy history denominations viticulture winemaking ageing diversity enjoy Two Denominations of Origin – the key ideas Xérès-­‐Sherry -­‐ the oldest DO in Spain. þ Jerez-­‐ þ The Consejo Regulador, more than just a regulatory body. þ Every bottle of authentic Sherry, individully identified by the Consejo seal & number. If you want to learn more... read this: & Reglamento de Funcionamiento del Consejo Regulador & Pliegos de Condiciones de las DDO Jerez, Manzanilla y Vinagre de Jerez. & Memorias de actividades del Consejo Regulador (annual reports)