nuevos usos Sara antiguos territorios new uses Ior IorPer territories

Anuncio
DQQD]DKRQHURELyORJD\SDLVDMLVWD
DOIRQVRYLGDRULQJHQLHURGHFDPLQRVFDQDOHV\SXHUWRV
QXHYRVXVRVSDUD
DQWLJXRVWHUULWRULRV
QHZXVHV
IRUIRUPHUWHUULWRULHV
(OFDPSRGHO5HDO&OXEGH*ROI(O3UDWXELFDGRHQHOPX
QLFLSLR 7HUUDVVD %DUFHORQD VH LQDXJXUy HQ 'LFLHPEUH
GHGHVSXpVGHXQODUJRSURFHVRGHGHEDWHVREUHOD
FRQYHQLHQFLDGHFRORFDUXQFDPSRGHJROIHQXQHVSDFLR
FX\DSULQFLSDOIXQFLyQHFROyJLFDGHEtDVHUODGHFRQHFWDU
ORVHVSDFLRVSURWHJLGRVGHODV6LHUUDVGH6DQW/ORUHQoGH
0XQW \ GH &ROOVHUROD VLWXDGDV DO QRUWH GH %DUFHORQD (O
OXJDUHVFRJLGRSDUDVXFRQVWUXFFLyQIXHXQVHFWRUGHOFR
QHFWRUGRQGHSUHYDOHFtDHOSDLVDMHPL[WRGHDJULFXOWXUD\
ERVTXHPHGLWHUUiQHRVREUHXQHQWRUQRJHQHUDOGRQGHHO
DEDQGRQRGHODDJULFXOWXUDKDEtDGDGRSDVRDORODUJRGH
ODV~OWLPDVGpFDGDVDXQVLVWHPDIRUHVWDOEDVWDQWHFRQWL
QXR$~QDVtGHVWDFDED\DHQWRQFHVODPX\EDMDHILFLHQFLD
FRQHFWLYDGHHVWHFRUUHGRUELROyJLFRGHELGRDODVQXPHUR
VDVLQIUDHVWUXFWXUDVTXHORFUX]DQWUDQVYHUVDOPHQWHVLQ
QLQJ~QWLSRGHFRQFHVLyQDODSRVLELOLGDGGHTXHORVGLVWLQ
WRVRUJDQLVPRVSXGLHUDQGHVSOD]DUVHVLQSUREOHPDVpV
WRVRUJDQLVPRVVRORSXHGHQPRYHUVHXVDQGRORVWRUUHQWHV
RULHUDVTXHGUHQDQHVWHOXJDU\D~QDVtFRQPX\SRFDV
SRVLELOLGDGHVGHFRQWLQXLGDGHQODLPDJHQTXHVHDGMXQWD
VHSXHGHYHUHQEODQFRVREUHODLPDJHQDpUHDODV]RQDV
XUEDQL]DGDV\ODVLQIUDHVWUXFWXUDVOLQHDOHVTXHFUX]DQHO
FRUUHGRUELROyJLFR
'HVGHHOSULQFLSLRFRQVLGHUDPRVTXHHQXQHQWRUQRPH
WURSROLWDQRFRPRHUDHOFDVRFRQLPSRUWDQWHVSUHVLRQHV
XUEDQtVWLFDVHLQIUDHVWUXFWXUDOHVVREUHHOHVSDFLRDELHUWR
OD DFWLYLGDG HFROyJLFD SULQFLSDO WHQtD TXH VXVWHQWDUVH HQ
XQHVSDFLRSUR\HFWDGR\SRUORWDQWRXQFDPSRGHJROIHUD
XQDPX\EXHQDRSRUWXQLGDGSDUDUHVWDEOHFHUODVIXQFLRQHV
HFROyJLFDV\RPHMRUDUORVKiELWDWVODVXSHUILFLHGHODTXH
VH GLVSRQtD KHFWiUHDV \ OD HVWULFWDPHQWH QHFHVDULD
SDUDGHVDUUROODUHOMXHJRKHFWiUHDVQRVSHUPLWtDWUD
EDMDU XQD EXHQD LQWHJUDFLyQ SDLVDMtVWLFD L HFROyJLFD /RV
SDUiPHWURVXUEDQtVWLFRVVHSODVPDURQHQXQ3ODQ(VSH
FLDO$)RQW$UHOODQRGUDUTXLWHFWRTXHUHFRJtDHQ
VX QRUPDWLYD ODV FRQGLFLRQHV EiVLFDV SDUD FRQVHJXLU XQ
EXHQHQFDMHHQWUHODJHRPHWUtDGHOMXHJR\ODVFDUDFWHUtV
WLFDVGHOOXJDUHOUHWRHUDFRQVWUXLUXQQXHYRSDLVDMHTXH
PHMRUDUD HQ WpUPLQRV HFROyJLFRV DO
SUHH[LVWHQWH\TXHDODYH]IXHUDLQ
WHUHVDQWHWDPELpQHQWpUPLQRVSDL
VDMtVWLFRV
(Q FRQFUHWR ODV FRQGLFLRQHV GH
SDUWLGD QRV VLWXDEDQ HQ XQ SDLVDMH
DJURIRUHVWDO GHQWUR GH XQ FRUUHGRU
HFROyJLFR GH FDUiFWHU VHFXQGDULR \
HQ OD GLDJQRVLV GHO (VWXGLR GH ,P
SDFWR $PELHQWDO GHO 3ODQ (VSHFLDO
GHO FDPSR GH JROI VH HVWDEOHFLHURQ
ODVFRQGLFLRQHVSDUDPpWULFDVGHORV
YDORUHV DPELHQWDOHV GHO OXJDU VH
HYDOXDURQODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHFDOLGDG
GHORVGLVWLQWRVVLVWHPDVIRUHVWDOHVD
WUDYpVGHOHVWXGLRGHODFRPSRVLFLyQ
HQFXDQWRDHVSHFLHVGHORVGLVWLQWRV
VLVWHPDVIRUHVWDOHV\VHHVWDEOHFLyOD
GHQVLGDGHOSHUtPHWUR\ODDOWXUDGH
SLQRV3LQXVKDOHSHQVLV\ 3SLQHD\
HQFLQDV4XHUFXVLOH[FRPSOHPHQ
WDULDPHQWHVHGHWHUPLQDURQORVGLV
WLQWRVJUXSRVGHIDXQDHQUHODFLyQD
ORVKiELWDWVREVHUYDGRV$VtPLVPR
VHLGHQWLILFyODUHDOLGDGGHODSURGXF
FLyQ DJUtFROD REVHUYDQGR TXH HQ OD
PLWDGDSUR[LPDGDGHOVHFWRUVHKDEtD
LQLFLDGRXQSURFHVRFODURGHDEDQGR
QR\HQODRWUDPLWDGODSURGXFFLyQ
HVWDED YLQFXODGD DO YHUWLGR GH UHVL
GXRVGHXQDJUDQMDDYtFRODFHUFDQD
VHGHWHUPLQDURQODVGHILFLHQWHVFRQ
GLFLRQHV GH FDOLGDG GHO VXHOR \ GHO
DFXtIHUR \ VXV FDXVDV \ ILQDOPHQWH
VH LGHQWLILFDURQ ODV UHODFLRQHV HFR
OyJLFDVHQWUHORVVLVWHPDVDJUtFROD\
IRUHVWDO D WUDYpV GHO HVWDEOHFLPLHQ
WR GHO iUHD HFRWRQDO FXDQWLILFDGD
PHWRGROyJLFDPHQWH SRU XQD VHULH
GH WUDQVHFWRV UHDOL]DGRV SHUSHQGL
FXODUPHQWH VREUH HO SHUtPHWUR GH
FRQWDFWRHQWUHHOERVTXH\HOHVSDFLR
FXOWLYDGRHOiUHDDJUtFRODHUDXWLOL]D
GDIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHFRPRUHFXUVR
WUyILFR SRU ODV HVSHFLHV IRUHVWDOHV \
VHSXGRFXDQWLILFDUHVWDIXQFLyQHFR
OyJLFDHQXQPDUJHQDSUR[LPDGRGH
XQRVPHWURVGHORVFXDOHVHQWUH
PHWURV SHUWHQHFtDQ DO VLVWHPD
IRUHVWDO\DOUHGHGRUGHPHWURV
HVWDEDQHQHOHVSDFLRDJUtFROD
(Q GHILQLWLYD VH HVWDEOHFLHURQ ODV
EDVHVSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHOSUR\HFWR
HQFXDQWRDODPHMRUDGHOKiELWDWQD
WXUDO\GHODIXQFLRQDOLGDGFRQHFWRUD
\ VH LGHQWLILFDURQ ORV IXWXURV PD
WHULDOHV GH WUDEDMR SULQFLSDOPHQWH
UHODFLRQDGRV FRQ OD YHJHWDFLyQ $Vt
VH GHWHUPLQy XQD VXSHUILFLH PtQL
PDGHFXOWLYRFHUHDOtVWLFRTXHGHEtD
PDQWHQHUVHHQHOLQWHULRUGHOVHFWRU
FRQHOREMHWLYRGHSHUSHWXDUHOiUHD
WUyILFD UHODFLRQDGD FRQ HO HVSDFLR
DJUtFRODHOGLVHxRGHOFDPSRGHJROI
GHEtDLQFOXLUXQPtQLPRGHKHFWi
UHDVGHFDPSRVGHWULJRRGHDYHQD
\pVWRVGHEtDQHVWDUHQGRVWHUFHUDV
SDUWHVGHVXSHUtPHWURHQFRQWDFWR
FRQ XQ VLVWHPD IRUHVWDO TXH D VX
YH]SRGtDVHUDUEXVWLYRRDUEyUHRR
ELHQHQFRQWDFWRFRQRWURVVLVWHPDV
QDWXUDOHVTXHSXGLHUDQFRQVWUXLUVH
FRPRSRUHMHPSORiUHDVGHLQXQGD
FLyQQRSHUPDQHQWHGHHVWDPDQH
UDVHJDUDQWL]DEDHOPDQWHQLPLHQWR
GHODVIXQFLRQHVSURSLDVGHORVKiEL
JUHHQVHFWLRQ
VHFFLyQYHUGH
QXHYRVXVRVSDUDDQWLJXRVWHUULWRULRVQHZXVHVIRUIRUPHUWHUULWRULHV
WDWVH[LVWHQWHV&RQVHFXHQWHPHQWH
ODJHVWLyQGHHVWDV]RQDVDJUtFRODV
QRFRUUHVSRQGtDDODQHFHVDULDSDUD
REWHQHUXQDUHQWDELOLGDGHFRQyPLFD
GHORVFXOWLYRVVLQRXQDUHQWDELOLGDG
HQ WpUPLQRV HFROyJLFRV \ SDUD HOOR
WDPELpQ VH HVWDEOHFLHURQ ODV FRQ
GLFLRQHV QHFHVDULDV ODV ODERUHV GH
FRVHFKD VH UHDOL]DQ XQD YH] FDGD
GRVDxRV\QRVHXVDQLQJ~QWLSRGH
SURGXFWRILWRVDQLWDULRSDUDODPHMR
UDGHODSURGXFFLyQDJUDULD
2EYLDPHQWH HO REMHWLYR HUD SHUSH
WXDU ODV FRQGLFLRQHV HFROyJLFDV GH
SDUWLGD\VLHUDSRVLEOHPHMRUDUODV
LQWURGXFLHQGRXQDFLHUWDGLYHUVLILFD
FLyQGHORVKiELWDWV&RQpVWHILQVH
HVWDEOHFLy OD QHFHVLGDG GH LQWURGX
FLU HQ HO LQWHULRU GHO FDPSR GH MXH
JRXQDVHULHGHiUHDVIRUHVWDOHVGH
GLVWLQWRWDPDxRSDUDSRGHUWUDEDMDU
ORV SHUtPHWURV GH FRQWDFWR FRQ OD
DJULFXOWXUD EiVLFRV SDUD SRGHU UH
HVWDEOHFHUODVUHODFLRQHVHFROyJLFDV
HQWUHHOVLVWHPDIRUHVWDO\HODJUtFR
OD6HSURSXVRXQHVTXHPDGHSODQ
WDFLyQ EDVDGR HQ GLVWLQWRV PyGXORV
R XQLGDGHV GH YHJHWDFLyQ SDUD OD
SODQWDFLyQ HQ HO LQWHULRU GHO FDPSR
GHJROIGHpVWDPDQHUDVHHVWDEOH
FtD OD UHFXSHUDFLyQ \ HQ VX FDVR OD
UHVWDXUDFLyQGHOHQFLQDUHOPDWRUUDO
PHGLWHUUiQHRODGHKHVDGHHQFLQDV
\UREOHV\HOSUDGRVHFRPHGLWHUUi
QHR SDUD FDGD PyGXOR VH GHILQtDQ
ODVSULQFLSDOHVHVSHFLHVTXHGHEtDQ
FRPSRQHUORODFREHUWXUDHQVXSHU
ILFLHTXHGHEtDFRQVHJXLUXQDYH]GH
VDUUROODGD WRGD OD QXHYD DVRFLDFLyQ
YHJHWDO HO Q~PHUR GH HMHPSODUHV
SRUXQLGDGGHVXSHUILFLH\ILQDOPHQ
WHODHGDGPtQLPDGHORVLQGLYLGXRV
D SODQWDU YHU FXDGUR DGMXQWR 6H
SUHWHQGtD FRQVHJXLU XQD SODQWDFLyQ
TXH HVWXYLHUD HQ GLVWLQWRV HVWDGLRV
GHODVXFHVLyQHFROyJLFDGHPDQHUD
TXHVHLQFRUSRUDEDHOWLHPSRFRPR
XQ IDFWRU GH FRQVWUXFFLyQ GHO SUR
JUHHQVHFWLRQ
VHFFLyQYHUGH
3DUD SRGHU HVWDEOHFHU HQ SXQWRV
GHWHUPLQDGRV ODV WUDQVLFLRQHV HQ
WUH OD FDOOH SURSLDPHQWH SODQWDGD
GHFpVSHG\ORVVLVWHPDVIRUHVWDOHV
R DJUtFRODV VH FRQVWUX\y HO URXJK
PHGLDQWH OD SODQWDFLyQ GH SUDGRV
VDEDQRLGHV PHGLWHUUiQHRV DSURYH
FKDQGRODKXPHGDGTXHGLVSHUVDHO
ULHJR GHO FpVSHG (VWD FRPXQLGDG
GHDVSHFWRGHQVRFX\DDOWXUDRVFLOD
HQWUH P FRQVWLWXLGD EiVLFD
PHQWH SRU XQD JUDPtQHD OODPDGD
FRP~QPHQWH FHUULOOR +\SDUUKHQLD
KLUWD\SRUHOODVWyQ%UDFK\SRGLXP
UHWXVXP \ DFRPSDxDGR SRU RWUDV
KHUEiFHDV R DUEXVWRV EDMRV TXH
GHVWDFDQ SRU VXV IORUDFLRQHV SUL
PDYHUDOHVGHILQHORVSHUtPHWURVGH
QXPHURVRVKR\RVGHOFDPSR
(O WUDEDMR FRQ OD WRSRJUDItD DGH
PiV GH FRQVWUXLU HO FDPSR GH
7KH FRXUVH DW (O 3UDW 5R\DO
*ROI&OXEORFDWHGLQWKHWRZQ
RI 7HUUDVVD %DUFHORQD ZDV
RSHQHG LQ 'HFHPEHU DIWHU D ORQJ GHEDWH DERXW
WKH ZLVGRP RI SODFLQJ D JROI
FRXUVHLQDVSDFHZKRVHPDLQ
HFRORJLFDO IXQFWLRQ VKRXOG
KDYH EHHQ WR FRQQHFW WKH
SURWHFWHG DUHDV RI WKH 6DQW
/ORUHQo GH 0XQW DQG &ROOVH
UROD PRXQWDLQ UDQJHV WR WKH
QRUWK RI %DUFHORQD 7KH VLWH
FKRVHQ IRU LWV FRQVWUXFWLRQ
ZDV SDUW RI WKH FRQQHFWLQJ
DUHD ZLWK D PL[HG ODQGVFDSH
GRPLQDWHGE\DJULFXOWXUHDQG
0HGLWHUUDQHDQ IRUHVW ZLWKLQ
D JHQHUDO VXUURXQGLQJ DUHD
LQ ZKLFK WKH DEDQGRQPHQW RI
DJULFXOWXUH RYHU WKH ODVW IHZ
GHFDGHV KDG OHIW D UHODWLYHO\
XQEURNHQ VWUHWFK RI IRUHVW
(YHQ VR WKLV ELRORJLFDO FRU
ULGRU ODFNHG FRQQHFWLYH HI
ILFLHQF\ GXH WR WKH PDQ\ LQ
IUDVWUXFWXUHV UXQQLQJ DFURVV
LW PDNLQJ LW LPSRVVLEOH IRU
GLIIHUHQW RUJDQLVPV WR PRYH
DURXQG ZLWKRXW SUREOHPV
WKHVH RUJDQLVPV FDQ RQO\
PRYH DERXW XVLQJ WKH ULYHUV
DQG VWUHDPV GUDLQLQJ WKLV
DUHD DQG HYHQ WKHQ WKHUH LV
YHU\OLWWOHFRQWLQXLW\WKHZKLWH
DUHDV LQ WKH DFFRPSDQ\LQJ
DHULDO SKRWRJUDSK VKRZ WKH
OLQHDU LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV FURVV
LQJWKHELRORJLFDOFRUULGRU
)URP WKH EHJLQQLQJ ZH FRQ
VLGHUHG LW LPSRUWDQW WKDW LQ
D PHWURSROLWDQ HQYLURQPHQW
VXFKDVWKLVRQHZLWKVLJQLIL
FDQW SUHVVXUH RQ RSHQ VSDFH
IURP XUEDQ SODQQLQJ DQG
LQIUDVWUXFWXUH WKH SULPDU\
HFRORJLFDO LPSHWXV VKRXOG
EH SURYLGHG E\ D SURWHFWHG
DUHD DQG WKDW D JROI FRXUVH
ZDV WKHUHIRUH D JRRG RSSRU
WXQLW\WRUHHVWDEOLVKHFRORJL
FDO IXQFWLRQV DQGRU LPSURYH
KDELWDWV WKH DUHD DYDLODEOH
IRUWKHSURMHFWKHFWDUHV
DQG WKH PLQLPXP QHFHVVDU\
IRU WKH VSRUW KHFWDUHV
DOORZHG XV WR LQWHJUDWH ODQG
VFDSLQJDQGHFRORJ\WRDKLJK
GHJUHH 7KH SDUDPHWHUV LQ
WHUPVRIXUEDQSODQQLQJZHUH
SURYLGHGE\D6SHFLDO3ODQ$
)RQW$UHOODQR'$UFKZKLFK
HVWDEOLVKHG WKH EDVLF FRQGL
WLRQV IRU D JRRG ILW EHWZHHQ
WKHJHRPHWU\RIWKHVSRUWDQG
WKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHVLWH
WKH FKDOOHQJH ZDV WR EXLOG D
QHZ ODQGVFDSH ZKLFK ZRXOG
LPSURYH RQ WKH SUHYLRXV RQH
LQHFRORJLFDOWHUPVEXWZKLFK
ZRXOG DOVR EH LQWHUHVWLQJ
IURP D ODQGVFDSLQJ SRLQW RI
YLHZ
7KH VSHFLILF VWDUWLQJ FRQGL
WLRQV ZHUH WKRVH RI DQ DJUR
IRUHVW ODQGVFDSH ZLWKLQ D
VHFRQGDU\OHYHO JUHHQ FRU
ULGRU DQG WKH GLDJQRVLV RI
WKH (QYLURQPHQWDO ,PSDFW
6WXG\ LQ WKH 6SHFLDO 3ODQ IRU
WKH JROI FRXUVH HVWDEOLVKHG
WKH SDUDPHWHUV IRU WKH HQYL
URQPHQWDO YDOXHV RI WKH VLWH
WKHTXDOLW\RIFRQGLWLRQVLQWKH
GLIIHUHQW DUHDV RI IRUHVW ZDV
HYDOXDWHG WKURXJK D VWXG\ RI
WKHLU FRPSRVLWLRQ LQ WHUPV
RI VSHFLHV DQG WKH GHQVLW\ SHULPHWHUDQGKHLJKWRISLQHV
3LQXV KDOHSHQVLV DQG 3
SLQHD DQG KROP RDNV 4XHU
FXV ,OH[ ZKLOH DOVR GHWHU
PLQLQJ WKH GLIIHUHQW JURXSV
RI IDXQD LQ UHODWLRQ WR WKH
REVHUYHG KDELWDWV 7KH VWXG\
H[SRVHGWKHUHDOLW\RIDJULFXO
WXUDO SURGXFWLRQ ZLWK WKH RE
VHUYDWLRQ WKDW LQ URXJKO\ KDOI
WKH DUHD D FOHDU SURFHVV RI
DEDQGRQPHQW ZDV XQGHUZD\
DQG LQ WKH RWKHU KDOI WKHUH
ZDV D OLQN EHWZHHQ SURGXF
WLRQDQGWKHGXPSLQJRIZDVWH
IURP D QHDUE\ SRXOWU\ IDUP
WKH SRRU TXDOLW\ RI VRLO DQG
JURXQGZDWHU DQG LWV FDXVHV
ZHUHHVWDEOLVKHGDQGILQDOO\
WKH HFRORJLFDO UHODWLRQVKLS
EHWZHHQ WKH DJULFXOWXUH DQG
IRUHVW V\VWHPV ZDV LGHQWLILHG
WKURXJK WKH HVWDEOLVKPHQW RI
WKH HFRWRQDO DUHD PHWKRGL
FDOO\PHDVXUHGLQDVHULHVRI
WUDQVHFWVFDUULHGRXWSHUSHQ
GLFXODU WR WKH SHULPHWHU EH
WZHHQWKHIRUHVWDQGWKHFXO
QXHYRVXVRVSDUDDQWLJXRVWHUULWRULRVQHZXVHVIRUIRUPHUWHUULWRULHV
\HFWR HQ FXDQWR D OD LQVHUFLyQ HFR
OyJLFD(OUHVXOWDGRIXHODSODQWDFLyQ
GHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHXQDVHQ
FLQDV4XHUFXVLOH[VVSLOH[\
XQLGDGHV GH UREOHV 4 FHUULRLGHV \
SLQRV3LQXVKDOHSHQVLV\RWUDVWDQ
WDVHVSHFLHVDUEXVWLYDVGLVWULEXLGRV
HQ GLVWLQWRV VHFWRUHV GHO FDPSR
FRQVWUX\HQGRDVtXQDVXSHUILFLHERV
FRVD D YHFHV PiV GHQVD \ D YHFHV
PiV DGHKHVDGD TXH HQ WRWDO RFXSD
XQDVKHFWiUHDV
JUHHQVHFWLRQ
VHFFLyQYHUGH
QXHYRVXVRVSDUDDQWLJXRVWHUULWRULRVQHZXVHVIRUIRUPHUWHUULWRULHV
MXHJR QRV SHUPLWLy SURSRQHU OD
FUHDFLyQ GH iUHDV PiV GHSULPL
GDVHQODVTXHHODJXDVHDFXPXOD
WHPSRUDOPHQWHJUDFLDVDODLPSHU
PHDELOLGDG TXH SURSRUFLRQD OD DU
FLOOD PDWHULDO HGDIROyJLFR EDVH GH
WRGD OD ]RQD /D ´LQGHILQLFLyQµ HQ
ORVOtPLWHVGHHVWDViUHDVIDFLOLWDHO
DFFHVRDGHWHUPLQDGDVHVSHFLHVGH
DQILELRVDHVWHKiELWDWWHPSRUDOOD
DFXPXODFLyQ GH DJXD FRLQFLGH FRQ
ODpSRFDGHFUtDSXHVHVHQSULPD
YHUD VH GDQ HSLVRGLRV LPSRUWDQWHV
GHOOXYLD
8QR GH ORV DVSHFWRV PiV FRQWUR
YHUWLGRVHQUHODFLyQFRQORVFDPSRV
GHJROIKDFHUHIHUHQFLDDOFRQVXPR
GH DJXD SDUD HO ULHJR (Q HO FDVR
GHO FDPSR GH JROI TXH QRV RFXSD
HO ULHJR VH SODQWHy FRQ DJXDV QR
SRWDEOHV SURFHGHQWHV GH OD HVWD
FLyQGHSXUDGRUDGHDJXDVUHVLGXD
WLYDWHG DUHD WKH DJULFXOWXUDO
DUHDZDVSULPDULO\XVHGDVD
WURSKLFUHVRXUFHE\WKHIRUHVW
VSHFLHV DQG WKLV HFRORJLFDO
IXQFWLRQ ZDV IRXQG WR FRYHU
DQ DUHD DURXQG PHWUHV
ZLGH PHWUHV LQVLGH WKH
IRUHVW DQG DURXQG PH
WUHVLQWKHDJULFXOWXUDODUHD
,QVKRUWWKHEDVLVZDVODLGIRU
OHVGH5XEt7HUUDVVDVLWXDGDHQOD
ULHUD GH 5XEt D XQRV NLOyPHWURV
HQ OtQHD UHFWD ORQJLWXG TXH PLGH
OD FRQGXFFLyQ TXH OOHYD HO DJXD
KDVWD OD EDOVD GH DOPDFHQDPLHQWR
ORFDOL]DGD GHQWUR GHO VHFWRU (Q
OD DFWXDOLGDG OD GRVLV GH ULHJR VH
FDOFXOD D SDUWLU GHO SURFHVDPLHQWR
LQIRUPiWLFRGHORVGDWRVREWHQLGRV
GHVGH XQD HVWDFLyQ PHWHRUROyJLFD
VLWXDGD FHUFD GH OD FDVDFOXE 6H
GD HO FDVR GH TXH D~Q HQ XQ FOL
PD PHGLWHUUiQHR VH SURGXFH XQD
FRQGHQVDFLyQGHDJXDDWPRVIpULFD
QRFWXUQD VXILFLHQWHPHQWH LPSRU
WDQWH FRPR SDUD OOHYDU OD GRVLV GH
ULHJRHQORVPHVHVPiVGHVIDYRUD
EOHV GHO YHUDQR KDVWD XQ Pi[LPR
GH OP \ GtD /D VXSHUILFLH WRWDO
UHJDGDHVGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
KHFWiUHDVTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDOFpV
SHG GH ODV FDOOHV GH ORV KR\RV
TXHIRUPDQHOFDPSRGHJROI
WKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHSURMHFW
LQWHUPVRILPSURYLQJWKHQDW
XUDOKDELWDWDQGLWVFRQQHFWLYH
IXQFWLRQ DQG WKH IXWXUH ZRUN
PDWHULDOV ² PRVWO\ UHODWHG WR
YHJHWDWLRQ ² ZHUH LGHQWLILHG
$ PLQLPXP DUHD IRU WKH FXO
WLYDWLRQ RI FHUHDOV ZDV WR EH
PDLQWDLQHG LQ WKH LQQHU SDUW
RIWKHDUHDVRWKDWWKHWURSKLF
DUHD UHODWHG WR WKH DJULFXO
WXUDO ]RQH ZRXOG QRW EH ORVW
WKH GHVLJQ RI WKH JROI FRXUVH
VKRXOG LQFOXGH D PLQLPXP
RI KHFWDUHV RI FRUQ RU RDW
ILHOGV DQG WZR WKLUGV RI WKHLU
SHULPHWHU VKRXOG EH LQ GLUHFW
FRQWDFWZLWKDQDUHDRIIRUHVW
ZKLFK FRXOG FRQVLVW RI HLWKHU
WUHHV RU VKUXEV RU LQ FRQWDFW
ZLWK RWKHU QDWXUDO V\VWHPV
ZKLFK FRXOG EH FUHDWHG VXFK
&RQ UHODFLyQ D OD FXHVWLyQ GHO FRQ
VXPRGHDJXDHQHOSURFHVRGHGLV
FXVLyQ GXUDQWH HO SHUtRGR GH FRQV
WUXFFLyQGHOFDPSRVHHVWDEOHFLyOD
QHFHVLGDGGHPLQLPL]DUODDSRUWDFLyQ
GH DJXD SDUD HO ULHJR DXQ FXDQGR
HQ HO HVWXGLR GH LPSDFWR DPELHQWDO
VHSURSRQtDXQULHJRPiVFXDQWLRVR
GXUDQWH XQ SHUtRGR GH WLHPSR DFR
WDGRSDUDSRGHUOLPSLDUHOVXEVXHOR
\ SRU FRQVLJXLHQWH OD FDSD IUHiWLFD
GHODFRQWDPLQDFLyQSRUQLWUDWRVTXH
VHKDEtDSURGXFLGRFRQDQWHULRULGDG
(VWDSURSXHVWDQRWXYRHOFRQVHQVR
JHQHUDO VLHQGR GHVHVWLPDGD \ OD
GHVFRQWDPLQDFLyQ GHO VXHOR VH GHMy
D H[SHQVDV GH OD FDQWLGDG GH OOXYLD
TXHFDHVREUHOD]RQDTXHFRPRHV
QRUPDOHQFOLPDPHGLWHUUiQHRDYH
FHVWLHQHFDUiFWHUWRUUHQFLDO
(OSUR\HFWRGHFDPSRGHJROITXHGL
VHxyHOMXJDGRUGHJROI*UHJ1RUPDQ
UHFRJLy HVWDV SUHPLVDV \ SURSXVR
XQFDPSRGHJROITXHUHVROYtDFRKH
UHQWHPHQWH ORV FRQGLFLRQDQWHV GHO
OXJDUODVXQLGDGHVIRUHVWDOHV\DJUt
FRODVLPSUHVFLQGLEOHVSDUDODPHMRUD
HFROyJLFD \ ODV QXHYDV PRUIRORJtDV
QHFHVDULDVSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHOMXH
JRFRQIRUPDQXQSDLVDMHHTXLOLEUDGR
TXHUHFRQRFHORVHOHPHQWRVEiVLFRV
TXH KDQ FRQVWUXLGR KLVWyULFDPHQWH
OD LPDJHQ GHO OXJDU \ D OD YH] SUR
SRQHXQDQXHYDIRUPDOL]DFLyQGHORV
,QRUGHUWRHVWDEOLVKLQFHUWDLQ
DUHDVWKHWUDQVLWLRQEHWZHHQ
WKH IDLUZD\ SODQWHG ZLWK
JUDVV DQG WKH IRUHVW RU DJ
ULFXOWXUDO V\VWHPV WKH URXJK
ZDV FRQVWUXFWHG E\ SODQWLQJ
0HGLWHUUDQHDQ
JUDVVODQG
VW\OH PHDGRZV XVLQJ WKH
KXPLGLW\EURXJKWE\ZDWHULQJ
WKH JUDVV 7KLV GHQVH FRP
PXQLW\ ZLWK D KHLJKW YDU\LQJ
IURP P EDVLFDOO\ FRQ
VLVWLQJ RI FRPPRQ WKDWFKLQJ
JUDVV+\SDUUKHQLDKLUWDDQG
0HGLWHUUDQHDQ IDOVH EURPH
%UDFK\SRGLXP UHWXVXP DF
FRPSDQLHG E\ RWKHU JUDVVHV
DQG VPDOO VKUXEV QRWHG IRU
WKHLU IORZHUV LQ VSULQJ OLQHV
WKH HGJHV RI PDQ\ KROHV RI
WKHJROIFRXUVH
2QHRIWKHPRVWFRQWURYHUVLDO
DVSHFWV RI JROI FRXUVHV LV WKH
TXDQWLW\RIZDWHUWKH\XVH)RU
WKLVJROIFRXUVHZDWHULQJZDV
SODQQHG XVLQJ XQGULQNDEOH
ZDWHUIURPWKH5XEt7HUUDVVD
VHZDJH WUHDWPHQW SODQW OR
FDWHG RQ WKH 5XEt ULYHU DW D
GLVWDQFH RI NP WKH OHQJWK
RI WKH SLSHV UHTXLUHG WR EULQJ
WKHZDWHUWRWKHVWRUDJHUHVHU
YRLUORFDWHGZLWKLQWKHDUHDRI
WKH JROI FRXUVH 7KH ZDWHULQJ
UDWH LV SUHVHQWO\ FDOFXODWHG
XVLQJ D FRPSXWHUL]HG V\V
WHP SURFHVVLQJ GDWD IURP D
ZHDWKHU VWDWLRQ ORFDWHG QHDU
WKHFOXEKRXVH,WLVLQIDFWWKH
FDVH WKDW HYHQ LQ D 0HGLWHU
UDQHDQ FOLPDWH WKHUH LV VXI
ILFLHQW ZDWHU IURP QRFWXUQDO
FRQGHQVDWLRQ WR NHHS ZDWHU
LQJ UDWHV HYHQ LQ WKH XQID
YRXUDEOH PRQWKV RI ZLQWHU
WR D PD[LPXP RI OP SHU
GD\ 7KH WRWDO ZDWHUHG DUHD
LV DURXQG KHFWDUHV FRUUH
VSRQGLQJWRWKHJUDVVIDLUZD\V
RIWKHKROHVPDNLQJXSWKH
JROIFRXUVH
:RUNLQJ ZLWK WRSRJUDSK\
DV ZHOO DV FUHDWLQJ WKH JROI
FRXUVH LWVHOI DOORZHG XV WR
SURSRVH WKH FUHDWLRQ RI ORZHU
DUHDV ZKHUH ZDWHU DFFXPX
ODWHV WHPSRUDULO\ EHFDXVH
RI WKH LPSHUPHDELOLW\ RI WKH
FOD\ WKH EDVLF HGDSKRORJLFDO
PDWHULDO RI WKLV ZKROH DUHD
7KH ´XQGHILQHGµ ERXQGDULHV
RI WKHVH DUHDV PDNH LW HDVLHU
IRUFHUWDLQVSHFLHVRIDPSKLE
LDQV WR XVH WKLV DV D WHPSR
JUHHQVHFWLRQ
$VtSXHVORVKR\RVGLVFXUUHQHQ
XQ UHFRUULGR HQWUH GHQVRV SLQDUHV
DQWLJXRV HQFLQDUHV MyYHQHV \ SDU
FHODV DJUtFRODV TXH GLEXMDQ XQDV
VXSHUILFLHV RQGXODGDV GH SHQGLHQ
WHV VXDYHV VROR HQIDWL]DGDV FXDQGR
DSDUHFHQODVULHUDVRWRUUHQWHVTXH
GUHQDQ HO DJXD GH OOXYLD (O SDLVDMH
UHVXOWDQWH HV XQ SDLVDMH QXHYR HQ
HO TXH FRQYLYHQ OD LQIUDHVWUXFWXUD
GHSRUWLYD\ORVKiELWDWVQDWXUDOHVUH
FRQVWUXLGRVHVIUHFXHQWHHQODDF
WXDOLGDGSRGHUREVHUYDUHOYXHORGHO
FHUQtFDOR\GHOiJXLODSHUGLJXHUDYHU
YRODUDUDVGHWLHUUDDXQJUXSRSHU
GLFHV\RtUHOFDQWRGHOMLOJXHURRGHO
SLQ]yQHQORVOtPLWHVGHORVERVTXHV
TXHVHGLVWULEX\HQSRUWRGRHOFDPSR
GHJROIDVtFRPRWDPELpQVHSXHGHQ
REVHUYDU ORV GHVWUR]RV TXH SURGX
FHQ ORV MDEDOtHV FRQ PiV R PHQRV
IUHFXHQFLD FXDQGR FRQVLJXHQ DWUD
YHVDU HO SDVWRU HOpFWULFR TXH URGHD
UDU\KDELWDWWKHDFFXPXODWLRQ
RI ZDWHU FRLQFLGHV ZLWK WKH
EUHHGLQJ VHDVRQ DV VSULQJ LV
WKHWLPHZKHQWKHJUHDWHVWSH
ULRGVRIUDLQRFFXU
5HJDUGLQJ WKH LVVXH RI ZDWHU
FRQVXPSWLRQ GXULQJ WKH GLV
FXVVLRQ SURFHVV IRU WKH FRQ
VWUXFWLRQ RI WKH FRXUVH WKH
QXHYRVXVRVSDUDDQWLJXRVWHUULWRULRVQHZXVHVIRUIRUPHUWHUULWRULHV
YHFWRUHV HFROyJLFRV /DV IRUPDV GH
ODDJULFXOWXUDILQDOPHQWHVHFXOWLYDQ
KHFWiUHDV GH FHUHDO QR UHFRQR
FHQ OD Pi[LPD UHQWDELOLGDG VLQR ORV
LQWHUVWLFLRVGHOFDPSRSHURVXIXQ
FLRQDOLGDG DPELHQWDO VLJXH LQWDFWD
/RPLVPRSDVDFRQHOVLVWHPDIRUHV
WDOFRQORVSUDGRVPHGLWHUUiQHRVR
FRQODVFRPXQLGDGHVUXGHUDOHVTXH
HVWDEOHFHQ GHWHUPLQDGRV FRQWDFWRV
SULQFLSDOPHQWHFRQHOH[WHULRU
(YLGHQWO\WKHREMHFWLYHZDVWR
PDLQWDLQ WKH LQLWLDO HFRORJLFDO
FRQGLWLRQVDQGLISRVVLEOHLP
SURYHWKHPE\GLYHUVLI\LQJWKH
KDELWDWV WR D FHUWDLQ GHJUHH
,W ZDV WKHUHIRUH QHFHVVDU\ WR
LQFOXGHDQXPEHURIIRUHVWDU
HDVRIYDU\LQJVL]HVLQVLGHWKH
JROIFRXUVHLQRUGHUWRZRUNRQ
WKHLUERUGHUVZLWKDJULFXOWXUDO
DUHDVHVVHQWLDOIRUWKHUHHV
WDEOLVKPHQW RI HFRORJLFDO UH
ODWLRQVEHWZHHQWKHIRUHVWDQG
DJULFXOWXUDOV\VWHPV$SODQW
LQJ V\VWHP ZDV SURSRVHG
EDVHG RQ GLIIHUHQW PRGXOHV
RU XQLWV RI YHJHWDWLRQ ZKLFK
HVWDEOLVKHG WKH UHFXSHUDWLRQ
RUUHVWRUDWLRQRIWKHKROPRDN
IRUHVW 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ VFUXE
ODQGOLJKWZRRGODQGZLWKRDNV
DQG KROP RDNV DQG WKH GU\
0HGLWHUUDQHDQ PHDGRZ WKH
PDLQVSHFLHVIRUHDFKPRGXOH
ZHUH GHILQHG DV ZHOO DV WKH
DUHD LW VKRXOG FRYHU RQFH DOO
QHZ HOHPHQWV RI YHJHWDWLRQ
ZHUHHVWDEOLVKHGWKHSODQWLQJ
GHQVLW\ DQG ILQDOO\ WKH PLQL
PXP DJH IRU HDFK SODQW VHH
DFFRPSDQ\LQJWDEOH7KHDLP
ZDVIRUSODQWLQJWREHLQGLIIHU
HQW VWDJHV RI HFRORJLFDO VXF
FHVVLRQ PDNLQJ WLPH D IDF
WRU LQ WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI WKH
SURMHFW LQ WHUPV RI HFRORJLFDO
LQVHUWLRQ 7KH UHVXOW ZDV WKH
SODQWLQJ RI DURXQG KROP
RDNV 4XHUFXV LOH[ VVS ,OH[
RDNV 4 FHUULRLGHV DQG
SLQHV 3LQXV KDOHSHQVLV DQG
D VLPLODU QXPEHU RI GLIIHUHQW
VKUXEV GLVWULEXWHG DURXQG
GLIIHUHQWVHFWRUVRIWKHFRXUVH
WKXVFUHDWLQJDIRUHVWHGDUHD
GHQVH LQ VRPH SODFHV PRUH
RSHQ LQ RWKHUV RFFXS\LQJ D
WRWDODUHDRIKHFWDUHV
VHFFLyQYHUGH
DV WHPSRUDU\ IORRG SODLQV LQ
WKLVZD\WKHQDWXUDOIXQFWLRQV
RI WKH H[LVWLQJ KDELWDWV ZRXOG
EH PDLQWDLQHG &RQVHTXHQWO\
WKH PDQDJHPHQW RI WKHVH
DJULFXOWXUDO DUHDV VKRXOG QRW
IRFXVRQWKHHFRQRPLFYLDELOLW\
RIWKHFURSILHOGVEXWRQWKHLU
HFRORJLFDOYLDELOLW\7KHQHFHV
VDU\ FRQGLWLRQV IRU WKLV ZHUH
DOVR HVWDEOLVKHG WKH FURSV
ZRXOG EH KDUYHVWHG HYHU\ WZR
\HDUV DQG QR SK\WRVDQLWDU\
SURGXFWVZRXOGEHXVHGWRLP
SURYHDJULFXOWXUDOSURGXFWLRQ
Descargar