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HVWiQHQHOWHMHPDQHMHGHHVDVFRVDV±DXWRULGDGHVRUJDQLVPRVDUWtVWLFRVFUtWLFRV GHDUWHFROHFFLRQLVWDVDPLJRVTXHIXHURQGHOSLQWRUHWF1RVHWUDWDGHKDFHUXQ DFWRGHGHVDJUDYLRDSHVDUGHTXHFRQYHQGUtD1R6HWUDWDGHHPSH]DUDVDEHU GHvisa, QRGHRtGRORTXHHVHOOODPDGRDUWHPRGHUQR ³(OHPLJUDQWH\ODPXHUWH´ Cuando uno viaja por la América del Sur— Y supongo que en las otras partes de América sucede lo mismo —la comunicación con los naturales del propio país se produce de una manera sencillísima. Uno habla con ellos, convive mas a menos con ellos, discute. Casi lodos los catalanes que viven en la América del Sur tienen una situación plausible. En Europa se vive del hábito. En América se vive de la esperanza permanente. Pero luego resulta que el emigrante, después de haber ordenado con caracteres francamente positivos su vida material, empieza a añorarse como un becerro separado do las mamas da la vaca. Y aquí da comienza el gran problema del emigrante de primera generación, que es el que en definitiva cuenta. Años atrás definí al catalán como un animal que se añora. En la América del Sur esta modesta definición queda documentada en términos abrumadores, inauditos. Esta añoranza tiene muchos motivos: se añora menos el emigrante pobre, poseído de ilusiones de riqueza, dispuesto a trabajar y a salir adelante, que el tipo de la clase media, que por el hecho de ganarse mejor la vida trabajando menos tiene ya pretensiones y. por tanto, momentos de vacío. A América hay que ir de joven. Hay que ir de pobre. Y. sobre todo, hay que ir de ignorante, de burro, porque si hay una cosa que perturba la ascensión de un hombre en América es la cultura europea de tercera o cuarta mano o sea la cultura meramente recreativa. En Europa la cultura recreativa no hace ningún daño porque no es obstáculo a que la persona que hace gala de ella en el café o entre los amigos no conozca un oficio de una manera completa. Ir a América sin oficio y con cultura puede degenerar en una aventura tristísima. Y luego hay el tipo que se añora más, que es el rico, es decir, el tipo que ha de reflexionar aunque no quiera. Todo le añora al rico: la imposibilidad de comer un arroz de pescado como el que comió en el país de chico, o un congrio con guisantes, o las patatas tempranas que se daban en el huertecillo de sus padres antes de marcharse a América. Por esto sugerí años atrás que la añoranza no tiene nada que ver con las grandes palabrotas de las gacetillas patrióticas, sino más bien con el recuerdo de las sensaciones palatales antiguas. Para no decir arcaicas — para entendernos —, aunque lo arcaico sea un término relativo y puramente puesto en relación con la irrisoria cantidad de años que el ser humano pasa en la corteza de la Tierra. Sin embargo, en un punto determinado parecen estar de acuerdo todos los emigrantes: pobres, menos pobres y ricos. En no querer morir en el país que les ha acogido. Todos tienen una ilusión permanente y continuada: morir y ser enterrados en su pueblo, a poder ser en su pueblo natal, mezclarse con su propia tierra. En una época en que casi todo lo propicio se ha terminado produce una gran impresión encontrar gentes que necesitan un cementerio propio e indiscutible. Pero esta es la idea-fuerza del emigrante de primera generación en América. Regresar. Volver. Volver aunque no sea más que para morir y ser enterrado en su propio cementerio. En definitiva el trabajo, el trabajo de toda la vida, no se hace más que para ser enterrado en la propia tierra. — ¿Y por qué tiene usted este horror a ser enterrado en la Chacarita? — le preguntaba a un emigrante de nuestro país en Buenos Aires. /D &KDFDULWD HV HO FHPHQWHULR PHVRFUiWLFR GH OD FDSLWDO GH OD $UJHQWLQD TXH VLHQGRXQDSREODFLyQGHVHLVPLOORQHVGHKDELWDQWHVSUHVHQWDXQFHPHQWHULRTXH HVXQDIiEULFDHQVHULHGHHQWLHUURV ²3XHVTXpVp\R3RUTXHPHSDUHFHTXHPLVKXHVRVQRVRQSDUDHVWDWLHUUD ²3HUR¢TXpPiVGD"/RVKXHVRVVRQSDUDODWLHUUD\HOPDUSDUDORTXHVXFHGD ²1RVHxRU/RVKXHVRVVRQSDUDPLWLHUUD 8QR TXHGD DVRPEUDGR HVWXSHIDFWR HQWRQWHFLGR (Q PL YLDMH D OD $PpULFD GHO 6XUPHKHHQFRQWUDGDFRQODFRQVWDQWHGHORVKXHVRV(VWRWDPELpQWLHQHPDWLFHV <HVWRVPDWLFHVGHSHQGHQ²VHJ~QPLPRGRGHYHUGHODPXMHU\GHODIDPLOLD 6RQODVPXMHUHV²JHQHUDOPHQWHKDEODQGR²ODVTXHDUUDLJDQDORVKRPEUHVHQ $PpULFD 3RU HVWR ODV PXMHUHV WLHQHQ WDQWD LPSRUWDQFLD HQ HVWH FRQWLQHQWH /DV PXMHUHV SURGXFHQ HO VXHxR \ HO ROYLGR LQFOXVR HO ROYLGR GHO FRQJULR FRQ 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