j@gm-1999. Pág.:1 ! " $ % " $ % )+, ) & " $ , " $ )' " . # % )'" " $ " 1 " " % % ) ) " ) & " , )'" 3 & $ " % )' " ) )'" . 2 " ) " , , # ! " $ , )' " ", " ) )! " )+, "" ! - $ . ) % ) % )+, 2 ! )*# 0 )* " # '$ )' " , " ( " ' ". / ! , ) . , " ! ) " " $ )+, $ )+, 4 & 5 & j@gm-1999. Pág.:2 " ! ! ! " ! " ! " ' " ) . ! ) . ) ! " ) #! ) 5. 6. 7. 58 & 9: ' . ''" . 6 9 & . " ' . & '" " ' ; 8 ''" = () ! < ! ) " : 5 4 % ! ") % ) . $ )!" = # $ )!" = # $ )!" = # )! , . '& 5696 → 45 46 49 46 → 4444 4445 )! , . 4444 4544 4444 4455 '& 5696 → 56 96 → 4445 4544 ! 2 2 4455 4544 ! " '& = " ' → : '& '" " ' + + !" % → : ! " ' " ' ) → 6 ! " ' → 58 '& → :<8 '& + 4444 4544 → 86> '& - ) ") - ) ") 0 0 ) j@gm-1999. Pág.:3 & * ) & " ! ! ! % ! " " # ! # ) $= ? @ . '@ % ) " A B " ! & . " ! % - B0 " ! B " ! C) " - B0C # j@gm-1999. Pág.:4 / ) " 7478 74 78 ) ! D ) E '" " '" 7478 F 7477 " 5 58 ' " 5 58 ' 58 58 ' 74578 F 74577 " & 74:78 " & 74978 6 58 9: ' 6 58 9: ' " & 74678 ) ) " " ! . )+ ! " ! $ % ! " ) 1 " " ! " " ) # 1 j@gm-1999. Pág.:5 , ) ? ) % ' ) , ! " ! ? ) " % ! " ) 58 ' " & )' ) ! " 1 . '" , % ! . " " 74978. , " )+ . ! " % )! 1 ) ) . # , ! )' 9: ' 58 ' ! '" " ) " . " " ! ) 1 ) ) ! ! ) ) 1 ) ) " ! , " ) , ! " 1 ! ) ) ) ! ) # 3 ) " ! "" () ! % ! " " ) )! ) , '" " ) * ! ) ") # " ) " ) ) 4 ) 5 5G ! '" ! ) 4 j@gm-1999. Pág.:6 ) ) ) 4 5G ! '" " ! * ) ) ) ) " " ! ( " ) ) ) ! 2 ' ' " ) ) ) 4. " ) ) ) ) ", + ' ! & "" ! )' 5 ! " " ) ) ! , " ! ) + $ # j@gm-1999. Pág.:7 ) " ) ) ) " , !" 1 ) )' " ) & : ! H ) = ) !" 1 ) H ) 5 '& # I### ##J 5 '& # ##J ) 4444=4444 4445=4444 4444=4445 4445=4445 4 ) 5 4444=//// ! " 4445=//// ) !" 1 ) )! 58 & 9: ' ) %2 " " ! ! I### " 58 ' ) ! " , " " " " " # )* !" 1 ) " ) :4 ' , & . " . ! ) ) ! , 58 ' " % $ %2 ! ) ) " ) . ! % ! ' -: 0. :4 864> ) ? ) ) !" 1 ) $ )!" . ! ) " " ) !" 1 ) ) 3 . , " ! " " 2 = ) + !" 1 # 86> & 5 '& j@gm-1999. Pág.:8 5G " ! !" 1 ' " % " 1, & ) " :G " " ) ! " ! " % ) " !" " ) :4 ' !" 1 ) !" 1 ) " ! 58 ' )' " :4 ' "" ) $ )!" = 4 58 " %2 " 6 ! "" E " 9G ) . " " . ) # ! ! Hexadecimal --> 5 3 C 2 : 1 0 7 A Binario ------> 0101 0011 1100 0010:0001 0000 0111 1010 1) 0101 0011 1100 0010 0000 2) 0001 0000 0111 1010 + 0101 0100 1100 1001 1010 → 5 4 C 9 A → Dirección Física $ )!" = Hexadecimal --> 1 3 F 7: 3 8 A C Binario ------> 0001 0011 1111 0111:0011 1000 1010 1100 1) 0001 0011 1111 0111 0000 2) 0011 1000 1010 1100 + 0001 0111 1000 0001 1100 → 1 7 8 1 C → Dirección Física ' $ ) )'" 86> # 2 ) ! ) # ) , " ) " + " % 6 " $ , " ) ) = , ) # " ) '" % " ! " ! " ) j@gm-1999. Pág.:9 # ) @ ) + )!" ) "# ! ' ! ) . " ! " ) 58 9: ' # . ) j@gm-1999. Pág.:10 D ! D " ! 58 ' 7478 " ! ! ) ) ' " 7 ' ) " 74978F678 : ! 9: ' → K - L → L L B= L B= L B= L B= 7 ' B= / ) F 7 " . ) " ) " % B= / !" ' ) ) . . 1 '" " " 58 ' ! . ) ! . ) . 0 @ " 1 " . ! ) ) ' 3 - " ) " D " $ 0 ) ) . !" 1 ) " , " " % # j@gm-1999. Pág.:11 B= / ) . " . () ' " $= " '& ! " ' + () " , . # ) ! ) ) " ) ) ! " ' ! " ' !" 1 "" . B ) " "# " ! " ' " " !" 1 ) B= " 9: ' " ) " !" ! ! ! F " ! & ) ) ! ) " " " ! " ! " ! M % " # F = " = = = 58 ' & " " ) " " !" 1 ) ! & )!" ) ) 6 , ) & " , ! " " ! " 2 )! ! !" 1 ) )* , ") & j@gm-1999. Pág.:12 ! " = ! " " ! " +" ! " ! " ) ) ) ! " " ) ! !" 1 ) , " ! = " " ! ! ) ! 1 " ! " " ") # ) = ) ) 2 D )' * ! " ! ) ! # " ") !" 1 ) !" 1 ) , ! ! ) = D )' * ) 2 ) . " )+ ! ) ") !" 1 ) ! ! ) 58 ' ) = ) = ) = ) = ) " @ j@gm-1999. Pág.:13 + ) ) " ! " ) ) 3 & '" ! ! )! 6 '" , ) ! ! ) " " N " ) N " ) N " ) N " ) 6 . ) . , # ) " ! ) ) '" " " 1 !" " !" 1 ) = 58 ) 6 ' 4 " ! ' # 3 " 4. 5. : & 9 ) " ) " & !" 1 ) , " " 58 ' 9 ) ! ) " ) )' " 1, , " " ! @ ") ! ) ) ! " ! " '" & ) ) " " ! & 86> ' ) ) . ! " ) " ! , ! , & * " ! B. B = = ) # + ) = # $ ! " = !" 1 ) " ) " j@gm-1999. Pág.:14 )= " !" 1 ) ) . !" 1 + , " ") ! ! " + ) " ! " " ) ) ! " ! " ) &. ! ' " " " . ) !" 1 ) @ & " ' & " ") = 58 ' ! " $ " 1 " " ! " :4 ' 5< ' %" $ 55 54 / / " . ) " " 1 ", + )!" O / 7 ; 8 D/ / P/ 6 / : 4 / / / = 4. :. 6. 8. ; & 55 " " , ! " ! ) ' " 7 " )! " ) " !" 1 ) " 54 ! @ ) ) ' ) ! ) " ", " ' $ " )! " ' ) " ! ) " % # j@gm-1999. Pág.:15 = - /0 → 4 ! ! + ! ' ' ! % 5 M ! ) ! 5 " ! 4 " " ! " () - /0 → / E " " ! " - @ ) " -P/0 → 8 4. . ! " 3 $ )!" . : " + % % ! ", 5 " () " )!" ) " # ! " () 55 ! : " ' : ! + ' ) E ) 0 " )!" ) 4 " . ) )* () 6 ' ' - /0 → " " " 4 ; * ) " , ! * )! "2) % ! @ " ! + ! 5 6 " ! - /0 → ! () 4 @ 5 4 : )! ! 5 ) ! 3 M ! - /0 → ! () ; " ) - % ! " ' ", ' )+ " , @ %" K0 & + 5 "= 7 ! -D/0 → ! 5 ! , " " ) j@gm-1999. Pág.:16 ! -D 0 ! + ! . 3 O ! ! , ' $ ! - /0 → 5 ! " @ 0 & D " " 3 ' . , ! - - /0 → " $ " ) 4 ! / 54 ! 5 ! ! ! & #! + ! @ " ) " ! ! ! , " " ! @ E " ! ) ) 3 ' $ . # 0 3 & # - " . 3 ! " . 3 )+ " 4 ! " " & , ! )+ j@gm-1999. Pág.:17 " ! 74978 F 678 ! , ! " " @ % ) " 9: ' @ @ @ ! " 7478 " ) 1 " " 58 ' " = " B ! 978 F 678 = / D " ) B " 7 & 58 ' : ) & → @ K - L → L L L B B= L B B= L B B= L B B= 7 ' 3 - " 0 ) " @ 7 ' 58 ' 58 ' D " 9: ' → @ K - L → L 0 " = = = D $ 0 3 - " = L $ 0 " 9: ' # j@gm-1999. Pág.:18 58 ' 58 ' @ = 58 ' 58 ' ) D " 9: ' @ / = ) = ) = ) = ) @ / = ) @ = ) @ " 58 ' @ 95 94 5O 57 5; 58 5< - /" 56 59 0 5: ? 55 54 / / I####### 978F678 #### ##J ### I### :78F978F678 ####J ! O 54 / " 7478 #J j@gm-1999. Pág.:19 " F " ! ! ! " " ' 56 - 0 " Q → ! Q ? → + " " ) Q → + " " ! ! 7478 " " " # j@gm-1999. Pág.:20 - 0 )'" ! " = R )' " S )' R ! S ) ! ! " "2 " = ? " 5 )+ % $= " , @. ; "2 "2 " . , " ; ) " " <5: "2 ! " + ! '" . : ) " ! * ' & " HTH ) TA @ " (" ) HTH ! TA @ ' UU - @V40 A @ ' @.:43 % $= ) W $ )!" ? @.4 & W ? @.5 + " " 2)' " = " @ )+@ ) @ UU - @I40 ? ! " ! % -@J40 S ! ) %2 . , ) " A ) " 1 R A ! ! %2 + S , " 1 )+ ! ! ) ") , $= R ) @ 3 , ! 1 )+ ) j@gm-1999. Pág.:21 ) ) #! 7478. " $ ) " % '" ! ! '" ! " ! " ") & & " ( " ) '" " " " ! * . "" , ' ) " ) & " . ) ) ) 3 " " " " " )! E ) . ! " ! ! & ) " - ! , 2 ! , ) E " ) ) " = " ! ) ) " , " % ) -V ) ) ! ( ?. @. '@0 " ) , ) . ! )'" ) ? ' 0 ) ! $= B B0 )'" ! " . " ' ) $ " % ) :. " () )! " " " "" !" @ " 3 " ! ' " ! $ )!" = ! D 0 , ' . " " ! ! " L " " ) ) " , )+ . # "" " ! " $= ") " 1 ! ) - ! ) ) & . ") & ) &( " " ! ) # j@gm-1999. Pág.:22 ? ) @.5 B.: ? ) B.9 @.6 B " , 5. B :. " " " ! , % , " & ! ! , , % 3 & % 2. " " 6 3 @ ) " = ! ? @.5 4544 ? '@.: 4:44 ? @.9 ? @.6 O 4944 4644 58 ' " ! ) '& 6 " , ! + M " . ) ! D % , ) -58 ' ! . ! * " " 0 ! " " " ' % ! ! & . ! , ) E '& )+ " ) )!" " # : '& 58 ' % ") " " ! ) & " j@gm-1999. Pág.:23 L 5 B 4: B 49 B 46 B L 44 L 44 L 44 , ) ! ! % " )'" ) ' ) " B " . , ) ) () 3 ! " ' " ' , 2 " ") " " '& =4444 =4444 & =4445 ? ) @. R4S =4444 :< =4445 69 ) D ) E " ' '& 5 L " # j@gm-1999. Pág.:24 " " B 2 = L 69 )' " :< " 4 " " )! )! ) "" " 3 ") " 4 ") % " . " B " : ) ) & ) ) 4 ) " " ? R4S. =4444 4 ' ! " ) ) ") ) :< =4444 :< =4445 ) D ) E " ' 5 '& " " B 2 = ! " ") L D )' * " @. 4 ) B , 3 B ? ! , " " " j@gm-1999. Pág.:25 j@gm-1999. Pág.:26 , " 2 ! ) ) " , ! ! ! . ) ) ) ) ! ) ) , & !" 1 ) "" ) " + " 54443 # ! B 2 ! " + 3 B ) B ) ) 54443 ' ) " " ? , ! 3 B , " ) ) << ) # " ! ) ! , " )!" 3 ) " " + B. % " " " , " . " ! ") @ ) ) . " , " ! " # ) # ! " " () ? '@. :96<3 ? @. R'@S ") :968 & , ) B " " ! " ' :96< . ! " B ! L % ") L :96<3 & ) :96< & " ") 2 :9683 ) ) " " " B ! = ? '@. :96<3 ? R'@S. " . & " " " ) :9683. & , 7 ' % ) ' " :96<3 j@gm-1999. Pág.:27 L ) " ' , $ )!" " B. " $ " " 7478 ! ! B. " 7478 B : ) = # & ! ) ! % 3 & " '& , → L ← " " & ) ) ! , " 2 % ! M ) ) ! ! ! B ! ! B. ) B " " ( " " ) ) " % ) # )! B → 58 → ! ← → 58 " ! ' $ )! # → , ! ! ' ! % ! ! " " , )!" ) " , : '& ! B. ) & & & ) % " " :4 ' = B & = " ! ! " ) # ) & j@gm-1999. Pág.:28 ) / )+ " " 1 ) $ )!" ? . → → → ? ? ) ) . → → → ? R'@S. → → → ? ? . ) ) @. ) ) . ) → → → ? '& ? . ) → → → ? '@. → → → ? . → → → ? @. → → → ? R → → → ? ) ? ? ? . 58 . ) ) . ) ) ) . ) ) L & = 58 ! , ! ' ) ' )= R S. :<N74 %%%%3 @ S. . R5:963S " 7. 58 " " ! @!" ", , '@ 3. R64%%3S ? ? ) ?= '" = 9: ' ! ? . ! " )' " % = ! ! ) ) % , " @. < ' ! ) ! < ) " " " ) " ) " ? j@gm-1999. Pág.:29 ) = ! ", 58= ", @ , 58 ' " % " ) 58 ' ) → ' ) " ) " ! ) 3 ) " ! → . . < → " @. ? . ! 7478 ! " " , ) 3 2 ? , . @ " ! ) " " $ " ) ) ) ) " ? @. R6::43S " . 3 & ) " " " ! )'" 2 = ) ( " ! ) & " ? ) )! ? " ? ) ). ) , @. < " $ % . @ ) . & " ) ? ? 3 ' ! ) ? % '" ) ? % ! " ! + ! 58 ) ) ! @ ) 58 ' ) & ' ) E " % " " ) 2 )+ ) , " j@gm-1999. Pág.:30 ? ". R6::43S ! ) ) ) 58 ' , ) E " 7 ' & , " " " ? R6::43S. 4 " ! )! " '" '" " 4 )+, 5 ! : '& "2 L & " $ )# = 5X 58 ' " 7 ' ' " "" ! )! ! & ) ) )!" ! ! 4 ' " " 6::43 3 @ , 4 " 6::43 & 6::53 :X +" ! " )'" ) $ 2= , " + " " " " , 6::43 ! ) ! () " " ) !" 1 ) ! = # 5 '& → ' 7 ' # 5 ! " ' → ' 58 ' 2 ! " = # j@gm-1999. Pág.:31 ? '& ! R6::43S. 4 A ! 4 " " '& " 6::43 ? K ! R6::43S. 4 A ! 4 " '& " )! " 6::43 & 6::53 L ) , ! ) " % & . ! " " % " ) 3 & ) 3 ) . " & " % ! % " B. ) ) ) ) + " ) % . " # . # ' )! " # !" 1 ) ) ' ) ! " ) & ) % ) ' ) ) !" 1 ) $ )!" ) ' " ) ? ". 4 ? @. ) - B0 BYBB R'@Y:S ? ) YBB R @. Y:S j@gm-1999. Pág.:32 - 0 ) - 0 YBB ? R S. ) ' - ? 0 YBB @. R'!Y6S ) ? R'@Y - B0 - 0 BY YBB :S. # @ ) ? - B0 - 0 BY YBB @. R'@Y S ? . R'!Y S ) - 0 - 0 Y YBB ) ? - 0 - 0 ! ' " . YBB " ) BB ) ( , R'!Y ) " S , ! * !" 1 ) " * E L ) ! " E ! , , Y @. " . " " " ' ) ! ) " )!" . " ) " . BB !" 1 ) )! ) ! )! ! % # ! ! . " '" % , " ! # j@gm-1999. Pág.:33 % ! " " ! $ )+, % $ " 5 '& , 3 ! " ! L & 6 ! % $ % $ ! E % " )! " " " ) " ! ! % E ! 3 ) & " ! % $ ! * D . 2 " ! ) ) " ! " . ? ! ". @ =R ) =R'!#4%3S. 4 S. " ! =R'@S. 4 , ? R'@S. @ & ? =R'@S. " " 3 & & ) ! ? K ) =R'@Y6S ? K ? ! , ! @ ! , " % M , D )' * ! ) $ )!" = # ! % " . , ) . ) 3 ) '" 2 K 544 ! -40 A ? 5 ! " ' 544 ! " . ! " 4 ) ? # ) ! ) " ) " . ) 3 , % $ ) , @. ? '@. 4 '" R S A A ( 2 , " ) 2 " " j@gm-1999. Pág.:34 ? @. '" R<S A @. '" Y< A ? @. '" R'@SY< ? @. '" R'@SR " ! 2 " # B ? ! " " " ! < " '" B , S A D )' * " ? @. '" R SR'@S ? @. '" R'@Y A " ) " ! '" S B ? @. R '" Y'@Y ? @. R'@SR SY S '" A ! BY " j@gm-1999. Pág.:35 )+ ' ! () 3 @ " ! % ! ? @. :< " ? @. 4'93 :< & 4'9 3 ) " ! C'C C&C " , C C C,C " C C " , C3C L @ ) &( )'" " " " ' ) " ' ) 54 ) " " ) ! ( " ) ) ". ! ! . " )' ' A ' V58 -3 @ " # ) "0 ' 55 A ! ) " 553V5; ' 55 A ! ) " 55 - ' 45 A . ! , @ : ' 55 A ' A @ 54 '55 ! A ' A V: -' ) " 0 ) V54 ! ) "0 V55 2 " " 55 -' " 55 V55 ) "0 ) " 0 V9 " " B @ 58 ' 54 ) "= H H C C " ' = H'H % () j@gm-1999. Pág.:36 () " 4 3 @ ) " " O 4 )! 2 & " ! ! ) ' 1 ) ! 1 " 2 " ! 3 & , 2)' " E # 3 @ ) " & , ' 3 () ? 4 ' 3 3 @ ( ! ) , & 4 ' 3 ) ) " 2 ) ' 3 3 @ " ) " ! " / ! ) &( % " & )' " " Z ! - " CVC0 Z # D ) " % " )' )' " @! " % ) )' = 3 ) % )+ @! " '" " " " & " " 1 CV VC. % Z '" ! " ! " " " . ' ! Z 74 A " ) ! " "" - & ! , )' " ) $ )!" = " ) % )' )' 1 . )* )' % " . ) " ! 2)' " . " # 0 )' ) ! " )* ", # " . C ! . , % % C @! ! " @! - " " )'" )' # "V740 ) ! " % " " " @! % # j@gm-1999. Pág.:37 % " Z :< ! "" "2 A % " Z Z "N% " K 4 % Z ! A " Z 59 A Z 54 A ! % . 9: ' ⋅ A "" -% "V:<0 ) E ! "" -:4440 % " " '& ! '" ! A '& V! ! " ) '& " "2 ) E ! D ! " ' ) B 9: A 58 A " ! " ' % ! @! 8 4 = )' " ) E ! " ' 1 3 % $ ⋅ D B ⋅ D <54 )'" A (" → ! ) " ! ! ) E % $ ! " ' ) & ! 58 ' 2% " j@gm-1999. Pág.:38 ! ! ) % , " )'" " ! ? ?C & ! ! # ! . . # ! ! ) ) '" ! ) ' )* : & ! # ) " . 4%%%%3 → ) , ' " ) % " . ! )* ' : " ' ! " )! " ) # ! CYC " ' ". " " ' ! " = 4 → ! " ' @. R'@Y:S 3 &= )* # ! ! ! " ! C )! % ' " ! ' '" ) ) = '& '& K -5 '& 0 -'& 0 -! " ' 0 K -! " ' K - K '" - 0 ! " ' '" ! " ' %K -8 '& 0 ,K -7 '& 0 '& ' -54 '& ! 0 0 , → ! + 0 ! = % % " " , ) # j@gm-1999. Pág.:39 → % ! % + " )'" ( 5X "( " , " ) , @! $ " 9X " " )! :X % % )+ ! # = " ! ! * , & $ ! ) " ! ! ' )+ " ! $ ! 1, 3 6X ! " ! $ 3 1, " ! " ! + " ! 5 - 0 : R S LD • - P \ )! 0 = < // 8 L ; Y # 7 N F O Y # 54 DL % 9 6 [ Z L ! D L // [ - % $ ) D DL [ 0 L L ! D DM [[ ! - 0 ' D 0 '" = j@gm-1999. Pág.:40 55 D 5: 59 56 B DD L D •DM j@gm-1999. Pág.:41 D )* N . ?. ?. = " 1 " ! . , % " " ) " . ) . . . . . ) & . = + " " ) ) 0 " ! ! ' ! $ )!" = @. '@ . R4S. @ 3. R'@S '& ? ! = " 1 '@ ! " 1 58 ' " 1 " . ! ) ' ) ' " 2 ) ! )+ ! " ' ' " 1 " ! " ' ) & ) 5< ' 2 ) . ") " " ! ) ! " 58 " 58 ! * . ! " %" ) ' % ) " ' 58 - . " " /0 $ )!" . B B. ) " (" 2. "" 9: 9: ' " " ! ' ) ' $ 58 ' 2 ) ) " 1 . ! " ! )! ) ) ' ". ! ) ! ) 9: ' 2 58 ' " ' 2. ) ) ' ' #:S. : '@. 69O75 @. N R " " " ) 2 9: ' " " 9: j@gm-1999. Pág.:42 B B @ '@ Y @ @ @ @ @V @Y'@ %V5 - 3 & 0. @V @Y @Y5 @V @Y @ $ )!" = @. '@ A ) " 58 ' A -/" @. @ A @ ) ! ' $ 0 ! " 58 ' 0 ! -" )+ ! ' $ 0 & = ! )+ " " ! " . ! = " 1 " @ " " " . $ ! 0 58 ' " )+ ) " " % " ) - , @ ! 2. " 2 ! , - % " " ' ' ! 0 ! " " " - /0 ! " ! / 0 $ - /0 N )+ " '" ) ! * %" - " /" " ( , " ! '@ Y " 1 $ . & ) @ -" . " ' , ") " ! / ) . A - V # 0 $ )!" = ". " =R'@S. A " @ A ") " ! " " ) ) " # . ") " " j@gm-1999. Pág.:43 A " " " B ". R'!Y6S N = " 1 ! " 1 9: ' 58 ' ' ) . ) 1 & " ! " % )! " . ' ) " " ) ! ! ) ) % " " 58 ' " ! * " & - " " " " 0 $ )!" ! A ) ) )! , 3 " %" ! ) " 1 " 2 B B. " @ 2. " 9: ' " 9: ' )! ! B B @ # @ '@ @ @ @V @#'@ /V#5 - 3 & 0 BV B# B#5 BV B# B $ )!" = @. '@ A " A " @. 58 ' 58 ' @ A )+ " )+ ' $ )+ " . $ " ! ! ! " 58 ' & )+ " $ ! A " A N =/ = " 9: ' ) " ! () B-! " ' " 0 & B -! " ' . " ) " ' $ 0 % !" . " % 58 ' '& B . B " " ! ! % - " " % () j@gm-1999. Pág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j@gm-1999. Pág.:45 A B B - A & " N = )+ B BV ' $ " 1 " ?=/ ?= ) B0 ! " , B B ) ) )!" N BN ! , . " , " ? % . 0 " - ! 0 58 ' - 0 " & B F % - " ! B B - ! B ! 0 ! " ! ! " ' - % ") # V . " B " B '" ! " ' . " B - B0 $ )!" = ? @. 5: A ) B 5: ? '". 54 A ) 54 ? '" A % A ? @. =R ! " '& , S - V50. & " , B B % B0 ! # () " ") B & B F % ! '& . 0 L0 % ") '& " ! V B B F % 0 L % " - B - 0 ") B & ) " - 9: ' - ! " % " V ") B % % " " . () ! " " L- LV:0 j@gm-1999. Pág.:46 ? '@. =R Y:SA ) B B A ! " ") ) ) . $ )!" . 5:9<8; ? '@. 8<444 ? B A / ! A , @. =R S ? '@. =R Y6S A ? '@. <4444 ? '@ A ) " = '" , " " 1 , B " B & " ! " ' A ") ) ) ) " ") ) )!" N B ! " 1 " B A / ?= ? A ") ? N ! " ' , B & B ! , ?. " , " ! ) ! " ) ) $ )!" = ? @. < A B @ A B '& ! R'!Y " ! " " < ) " S A '& " , A K ! N R'!Y = S A " 1 ! " ) ) ) ) ! ! ! ) ! - BV80 ! " ' " ) ) $ )!" = ? @. < @ A A B B " ) ! " " < " - BV60 C Y C " ) ) j@gm-1999. Pág.:47 '& ! R'!Y S A " '& " , A K ! R'!Y S A ! " ) ) ) ) ! ! ! " ' C Y C " ) ) j@gm-1999. Pág.:48 . = N = " " ! , . & % ) . D. . 3 " ") , " " " ) " . B )!" ) ) " )' . " ! " $ )!" = ? @. < A @ A '& B " 3 & ! ! " =R'@Y " " )!" ) Y:SA : 3 & " A - N D= D " 1 " ' -! " < " B & B - BV #<0 )!" ) " : ) @ D " " " ! 0 ! ! ' ' 5 & " 5 ! " " C BY ' ' 4 ) ) " " 4A 54544 #J 454550 $ )!" = N D A D K ! " " , =R4S = ! A C& " " / " ) ) C 4 # 4 4 5 # 4 5 4 # 4 5 5 # 5 ! " . % 4 5 & " ! ") ) 4 ' " 5 4 ) ) " ! ! Y:C D j@gm-1999. Pág.:49 $ )!" = @. '@ A " =R4S. . ! = ! N @ A =R '& B & ) ! ) ) " " , ! B ) ) S ROS. 9 A C " / ) B ! " " @ " " ) C " ") ) " ! " . % 4 4 # 4 4 5 # 5 5 4 # 5 5 5 # 5 ) ) $ )!" = ". R 3 S. A ! , ! " 1 " 3 ". R'!Y6S '& N B ! =R S. 5 = ! C ! / " " ) B 4 4 # 4 4 5 # 5 5 4 # 5 5 5 # 4 @ " " . % C ") " ' " # j@gm-1999. Pág.:50 $ )!" = B @. @ A " B ' A ! A +! ! ) , '& B " " ) R<< ". 44 ) " " , '& , " 4. B - BV40 = " . )! ! 2 ? ! ! " 3 ! ! B ) $ A " ) " $ ? B @.4 . & " A " . )+ % * " ! " 1 A A ) 3S. 6 3 N B L = )' " ! " 1 ) ! ) ! $ )!" = B L . A A B L B L N " " 6< & 6< & " 87. 3 . , 87 ". R'@Y6S =R S. '@ =/ ) . - # " 1 ! ! . ! " " & ) ! " ) % " ! ) " 1 $ )!" = ") " : ) " ' . ) ! . ! -/" " ) 0 ! . " ) )! " " ' % + ! ! # ' % ' ) 0 ! " ) ") - ! 0. 3 & ) ) # ) ! * . j@gm-1999. Pág.:51 @. '@ A ) A )! ) B ) B B , B " ) " , . ! * = '". " '@. @ '". '& K ! ! =R R S S. '@ '@. 94 '& ! =R S. 453 A A ) ") )! . " j@gm-1999. Pág.:52 " ? ) '+ , " % ) ) ) " ! ⋅ = " ⋅ " ) ⋅ " $ () &. . , )' @ ! " " % " . - . ) " , % " , " " @ % , '& E ! , ! ! ) '& ! ) 3 $ )! - $ " 0 58 ' #5:7 & Y5:; '& % '& " 0. & " ! # : '& '& !" 1 ) " " )!" ) " ! % ! * @ ! ! " ) , " & ! '" ! " ! " 0 , ) . , ! # " ) " & , , " '& ! " ! "" " ! " " 3 & , )! ' " ( ) , , = ! * , 0. & " - ) " " " , " " ! ) ) '& " " " % " " ! ! " )! " ! ") 3 & , , " ") "" = '& " , ! " ) " . ! -, " 2. " '& -:<8 '& )!" ) " ! # 0. , : j@gm-1999. Pág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j@gm-1999. Pág.:54 ) ) D ! 0 * ) ) N )! % ") ) ! '" = " % ) ! ) " " " ) ", ! " " " " ". ! $ " ! % - ) " " . " ) " " " ! A " $ " ! " ! " " = " " " )'" " $ ' " '& . . % " " ! " % )'" !" 1 ) * ! # ! " ) " ! 0 ) . , ! . , 0 " ! & " 1 ! " " , ) , - " , " . . " $ )!" = = D Z D 5= D Z D := D = " " % ! " ' " - , "V " KV ". % ! V . . " " . &V ) , " 1 V) & . P # & = . V % # V) . . %" KV ' V ' ! . ) . j@gm-1999. Pág.:55 V N . = - &V! " 0 ! 0 % "0 / P/V40 , " % ) " ) - = # , " %" /V5 " " %" P/ P/V5 + % - /V4. " " " $ )!" = @. '@ A )! , B A B " - A - D Z N % 0 D Z D BJ B 0 D = == " ! % "0 0 , " % ) , " - = , " %" " " " - /V40 # " $ )!" = @. '@ A )! , A % ) B D Z A - D Z N = - D BJ " V B 0 D = " % ! 0 , "0 & , - /V50 $ )!" = B " " " " , " 0 " %" " " % # ) = j@gm-1999. Pág.:56 @. '@ , A % D Z D A - D Z N == B I " B 0 D = " % ! "0 0 , " % , ) " - = , " %" " " " - /V5 & P/V50 " " 5 " " %" /V4 & P/V4 3 & " $ )!" = @. '@ , A % D Z D A - D Z N = - " % ) B " V I , B 0 D = "0 = , , " " P - " " " 0 , -P/V50 " %" () $ )!" = @. '@ , 5 @. '@ P , A )! A % A : A B B D Z D 5 B V D Z D : B BV B# B % " B & j@gm-1999. Pág.:57 N = - " ) & "0 " % 0 , ) " - = %" , " " ) P/V5 ) " /IJ /. " & , 3 & " ) " , " %" " ' " %" ) -P/V4 & " /V /0 " $ )!" = @. '@ , A % D Z A - D Z N == B J " B 0 D = " ) D ) & 0 "0 " % ) " %" = ' %" , " - , " ) " ) - /V /0 " " , ) " , " " $ )!" = @. '@ , A % D Z A D Z N == B " ) 0 " % " %" $ )!" = V B 0 "0 ) , = " , + P/V4 & /V / " " %" -P/V5 ! " " " " ' " /0 J D = " ) & D , ) & " / " j@gm-1999. Pág.:58 @. '@ , A % D Z A - D Z N . . . . ! . . ' +" . ! . M + = - " , I V " 0 . . = @ ) " " B " ) . ! " " " B D = )! N D ) " & ' ! . . " " % ) , . 0 " / " %" " ) $ ' $ = ' 2 P. )'" " ! ) # , ) . " + - /V50 $ )!" = @. '@ A , A BV BY B % A D Z N == D 3 & ' ) %" K0 D = " " - /V40 $ )!" = D Z ' " , ) 0 " %" " % ) ' = ) , + j@gm-1999. Pág.:59 ". '" A V , A % A - D Z N = - Y D Z D 3 & ' ) %" K0 D = " 0 " % , " %" ) = , + " " - /V50 $ )!" = @. '@ A , A BV B# B % D Z A - D Z N == D . . B . ) , B I 4 B0 D = " F , " " " ! , 0 " % ) = " %" + - /V40 $ )!" = @. '@ A , BV B# B A % D Z A - D Z D = D . . . B ) & B J V , " , B B0 j@gm-1999. Pág.:60 N = - " ! 0 ! 0 " % %" ) ! , " - = , " + - /V50 " ! " , " $ )!" = @. '@ A , A BV B % A D Z N == B D Z " () D ! ! C -50C , . 3 & B ! D = " ! ! )! 0 0 , " % " %" , ) " - = , ! " " + " /V40 $ )!" = @. '@ A , A A D Z N " BV B B % D Z () C D ! -50C , )! 3 & . B )! D = = ! B ) + , ) " 1 ) 0 C' " - B ' " C " 1 " , # $ $ " " % , " ! ) = B FF = P # , , $ )!" = ? @. 5< A ' " BV5<A 5< 2 " () , $ " j@gm-1999. Pág.:61 D Z D = A , 2 2 " , + " ' " ⋅ , N A BV B#5 & ' % = D Z " C' " C " 1 / FF . ! " B ) ' " B " , , - D + ) ) - B 0 ! -P/V50 )+ , 0 " % ) " %" " , D " 1 " = P " ! = , $ )!" = ? @. ? . 3 '" A BV" A " ) A 3 " ! = A '" R " A D )! A " " " " C " 1 " % " . 3 + 0 ) , $ )!" = ? @. 3 '" A BV" " D " 1 ) - B )+ , " %" " , D = ) 0 ! -P/V40 FF " 1 " . ! B ) ' / " D D " " " " , , P - " ) ". = C' " ' " ) A N " 1 D 3 ) S. 4 " ! A , D D # " " ! = j@gm-1999. Pág.:62 ? . A A ) 3 " ! ! A , D = D S. 4 A " 1 D " ' " 3 A '" R " ) )! " ) A " A . " " D 3 " " " D ) ". j@gm-1999. Pág.:63 & D ! ! ") " ) + ) ) " ) % " ) ) ' N == " " % 1, 0 ) = , " . ! ' /. ! " " % ) & , ! ' () - " ) ! " " 5. $ )!" = ' 1# ' % !" 1 ) 5. " $ () " ! . ! . 50 & ! % ! $ )!" = ? ". 9 A A ". ) - " 9 ' V 4545 5554'. A /V4 -/" V 5555 4445'. V40 /V4 = 0 ! * V 5455 5544'. 5 V 4545 5554'. /V4 /V4 V 4555 5444'. : V 5455 5544'. /V4 /V5 V 5555 4445'. 9 V 4555 5444'. /V5 /V4 j@gm-1999. Pág.:64 N =- " " % 3 ) 0 = ' " () ! ! . $ ' " ! () % !" 1 - " $ )!" = . ! ! ) & % " /. " ! ! . 50 & ' " 5. 3 " % , ) 5. " ) ' ! $ )!" = ? ". 9 ". ) - N A " 9 ' A V 4545 5554'. /V4 -/" A V 5444 5455'. /V5 V40 = 0 ! * 5 V 4545 5554'. /V4 V 4454 5555'. /V4 : V 4454 5555'. /V4 V 4445 4555'. /V5 9 V 4445 4555'. /V5 V 5444 5455'. /V5 == " " % ) " 3 0 = ' " ) ! ! 3 1, " ) & , ) " ) " ! , ! ! 5. ) ! - /0 % " " % 3 ! . & () ' " ) ) 3 " ' " " ' )! !" 1 $ )!" = @ ) ! " ' 5. ! . 50 & @# ! % j@gm-1999. Pág.:65 $ )!" = ? ". : A ". ) - : ' A V 4455 4455'. /V4 -/" " A V 5544 5544'. /V5 V40 = ! * 0 V 5445 5445'. 5 V 4455 4455'. /V4 /V5 V 5544 5544'. : N V 5445 5445'. == " " % 1, = " " @ @ ! ' ) " . 3 " ' - /0 ! ! % ) & ! ) ! ! & " 5. ) , " ) () " " ' ) )! ". : ". ) = A 5. $ )!" = . ' & ! " : ' A V 5544 5544'. /V4 -/" A V 4455 4455'. /V5 ! !" 1 $ )!" = ? 1# " ' ! ) , % " % " 3 " ! 1, ) 50 /V5 0 ) , /V5 V40 j@gm-1999. Pág.:66 - N 0 ! * 5 V 5544 5544'. /V4 V 5445 5445'. /V5 : V 5445 5445'. /V5 V 4455 4455'. /V5 == !" 1 ) L - " % ) )* !" 1 ) ) " = ) " " 3 . )!" ) % ) & , , :. )! " " ! " %" !" " ! ! () " " !" 1 - " ' ! ' ) ) ! ) " " 5. $ )!" = ' " ! . 50 & ! % ! $ )!" = ? ". : ". ) - " A !" 1 : ' A V 5544 5544'. /V4 -/" A V 4455 4444'. /V5 ! * V 5544 5544'. 5 V40 = 0 /V4 " ) ) () 5. " 1 ! " () ) ! ) & ! " ! ) " & " " ' - /0 " ! , 0 ) " ' ! 1, L %2 ' 0 . & ! ! " ! ! 1, V 5445 5444'. /V5 j@gm-1999. Pág.:67 : V 5445 5444'. V 4455 4444'. /V5 N == !" 1 ) 0 )* " % ' " ) 1, 3 ! " - /0 ! ' ! " ) , ! ! " " )!" ) 5. $ )!" = ! : ! ! . 50 & ' " ) () !" 1 - ! " ' %" @ ! ) & ! 3 . " " ' ! " = ! /V5 ) & % " " ! () % , ) 5. ) " ' ! $ )!" = ? ". : ". ) L == !" 1 : ' A V 5544 5544'. /V4 -/" A V 5555 4455'. /V4 V40 = - N " A 0 ! * 5 V 5544 5544'. /V4 V 5554 4554'. /V4 : V 5554 4554'. /V4 V 5555 4455'. /V4 !" 1 ) " % ) " ! )* = ! ! " ' " ' ") ) , 3 0 ! ! ) & - /0 " . " " ' ! 3 ! " ' " 4 1, " ! " %" " ! ! j@gm-1999. Pág.:68 ! () !" 1 5. !" = L " ! ! . 50 () ' % ) ) & , % # - 5. & ! ) A !" 1 A V 4455 4455'. /V4 -/" A V 4444 5544'. /V5 $ )# " ! $ )!" = ? L ) ". : ". " : ' V40 = - 0 ! * V 4445 5445'. 5 V 4455 4455'. /V4 /V5 V 4444 5544'. : V 4445 5445'. /V5 /V5 ' j@gm-1999. Pág.:69 $ = 5 # ' ! ) . ) ) '" % - " " " " ) 5:9 3=4447 " '0 " ' ) , + " 9< ) '& " " " 54 - ) ") " " ) @ . & + , % )! . ' " , / , D ) ) . '" . 3 , . 3 ) . D ! ) ) '& 0. % " ' - % ) % . # ) . " = ⋅ ' 9 5 # ' ⋅ ' : 5 # ' ⋅ ' 5 5 # / 3 ⋅ ' 4 5 # / 3 , ' ) . " " ' "" ) . ' 540 ! ! ! = 55. O. < & 9 () , . D ! ! " # = " ! " ) ) 0 9 # [ 9<0. & ! " ' " 0 = & , : # " & , 2)' " = ! 2)' " ) % , . % " ) ) " 3 . ' & = . " & " " & & 5555 4555 5555 5444 D 5555 4545 ) " ) . " & " . & j@gm-1999. Pág.:70 D 5555 5554 5555 5555 5555 4454 D 6 # " 1 , * " , , ) ' " , " 1 ! " ) . , 3 ) " " 1 ") ) !" ' " )' " 1 ) & ) ) . ! " ' " 2)' " , , ") ) " : ) 5 ! " ' !" ) )* ! ) " ) ) . ) ! ) ! " ' & " 1 8 # ! ") )' " < # 5555 5554 ) ) " " 3 % " % " " j@gm-1999. Pág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j@gm-1999. Pág.:72 " ! ! ! ) N ) " " ! " / ) ! " ' @ A , " = . : B V =R L ! ) " )'" N : '& - % ( ) " ! " ' 0. & " ' & /= L & ) - 9:0. " 6 ' " 1 " ) ) " " 0 ! " ( " ! # " ) . " . ! " ) " ! # " ! = % Y : ! " " ( V " ! ") ! " ' : N S FF : ") ! " " ! 6 . 0 " & " . % ) -/ ! " $ -/ N " 9: ' L/= L/ ! " ) ) E " 1 " " " . $ )!" = " ! ) - 0 = ( ) ") " & " ! " & " " j@gm-1999. Pág.:73 = B. B. B. " B. . . D " " " " = ! " . & ! " ' @ L '@ L @ L @ ⋅ " ! ⋅ @ @ '@ @ L , = L " , " ! ) " " " 1 2 , " ! " " 9: ' & ) & " ! " ! " " j@gm-1999. Pág.:74 $ 5 # )* = ! " " " () ") 2)' " & , ) $ " )! ! " ' & , ' " 1 ! " ) % % ) '" " # j@gm-1999. Pág.:75 ! ! ! ) E " , , ' ! $ ) ) " & ! ) ! ! " , " ! ) " 1 $ # " ) !# D D D D ! ! ! 0 , ! "" ! L ! '" '0 ! . " -7:<O0 - ) '" 0. & " . , ! # ) , "" ! ! ) " % ) ! 0 ! ! "" % K ) ) D / . , )' $ ) & ! "" ! ! ) ! A , ! D ()] " % K )'" % C ()] " ) C. " ) ! " ) " ) ) ) ) ! , ) . " ") ! ! ) % !" ! ) '" D . )'" "" ! " , " . , %* ! = C " & , ! " ! " ! @ ! ! + C ! ! " ! " N K ! ! ! 1 " ! . ) ") . % :<8 !# j@gm-1999. Pág.:76 ! & " ! "" ! ! ! "" % ) , " " ' ) ! ! " # , ! . & " ! ) ! ! ! ! " 2 " ! ! " " & " ! # ) " @ %" ! ) 0 , / ) ! ! /" " " ) + ! . A ! ! ) ! " %" " " ! " % ' "" ! " ! . /" % # ! " ! ! " %" / + )!" + ) . ! " ! " " ! " -! . & 3 ' " % ) " . " " %" / " 3 ' " 0 " ! * 7478 ! , " 1 = D - %" % ) , - ! ! ) " %" ) , " " ! " 0= ! , / / . " %" / 4. ! $ %" " %" ! ! " ) 3 0= D "" D )+ " !# " /0 " ! + # " j@gm-1999. Pág.:77 ? ? ? @. 74443 . @ !. :4443 D N D= ! / ) = D - ! 0 " @ & " . & $ ! " $ " " ( ' " ! & " " . %" ! " " ! . , j@gm-1999. Pág.:78 $ )!" ! ? ) $ )!" ! ! ") # ! " C G " -? ) C ! :53 # % )+ % " " C G C , C. A ! ' ) ) )! & ! " D :53 / 3 " C G () L0= 453= ) ) )! " ) " )' * "" + 3 ! " + " ( + ? 3. 453 + " ! ! , "" . " , " ") ! 3 & '" . ! 3 , 3 & " D :53 # D :53 / A " 4:3= + ) 3 " ") " , "" ! + "" 3 " " ! # + ! ' + " ! " ? ". ? 3. 4:3 + D :53 # D :53 / 473= " + ) " " + ! , , ") ! 1 ! " "" " " j@gm-1999. Pág.:79 3 & " + D :53 / A " + 4O3= ? ! ! ) , " "" 3 3 ! " + , " ! " " , " ) ! , " 1 % 1 B " " ! "" %% A B , A ! A C ? 3 "" ! @. ! 3. 473 D :53 ? '" 3 & ? # ! " !" 1 ) "" C - " , 3 & , 3 ! = B0 3. 473 D :53 # D :53 / 6 3= ) ' " ! " 1 ' " ! " ! ) )* 3. 6 3 D :53 ) " ! " , ! ? " ". " % " ! ) ! " j@gm-1999. Pág.:80 N =/ ) = " . % ! % ' D " % " ! ! " ) ) " ! % ! . ! ! !" 1 ) ) % 2 , " " // ! ! % ) . " D $ )!" = @. R'@Y Y:4S A B , 2 A, " 3 " A " A - ) !" 1 ) % ! A B # B Y A = B V " , 3 ' 2 ) - 0. ! ) ) B Y Y :4 Y :4 B Y Y :4 0 D BD ' C $ )!" 5^C ⋅ - ) 0 ⋅ @. @ A Z A B '" ) ) D BD . ! ) ! ! - " )!" . " " " ) ! 3 " " , !" 1 ) , 3 & , = BV ! ! , 0. ! " ! !"2 !" 1 ) ) A " " " % ) , @ ! " 1 - %% ) ) ) 0. ! ! )# ! " , " j@gm-1999. Pág.:81 " " 1 '" 0 ) D - 0 , , ) ! ! " ", ! ) " " " ) % 3 / D ) ) " ) - A " $ ! ! " ) !" 1 ) & " ! # 0 ) ) ! " ' ") '" . " !" 1 ) ") '& ) ) ( % . ) ") ! ) " $ . ! " ' # ) ) " ! ) . ! $ )!" . ) ) " ! " $ ) = ? 0 " ! ) . ) @ " ! )! " " ! " ) = . -3 ' ") " " S ! " ! ! 1 Y:S " & " // =R @. R'!Y )' - !" 1 ) & . ) ) ) " " . ) ) ! " ' ! ! , ) , ) 0 : !" 1 ) ) " ) 3 ' # . ) ). . - %% N . % ) ). & ! 0 " " " ! " ' Y: D= / ) " 1 // " D '" // // D ! D , ' ) " # !" 1 # j@gm-1999. Pág.:82 ) ) , ", $ )!" = - ) 0 D ' H $ )!" 5^H ⋅ - ) 0 ⋅ ? @. %% '" A B , " A " A " A B V !" 1 ) !" 1 ) ) , ! % D D 3 & , 3 ! j@gm-1999. Pág.:83 ! N ) /= , " )! ! 1 , ! " C /C # )'" , . " & ( " )!" ) " % ) = / " R / : S R S / $ )!" = / @ VV :4 ? @. :4 ? @. 94 / " ! " 1 VV " _V - J JV & & " I IV ! " "0 " )! = j@gm-1999. Pág.:84 _ N / D UU -C&C0 `` -C C0 = , C " " % )! 1 ! C/ C C ) = / ! +) . I ) J $ )!" = ? @. 4 / . I5.:.9.6.<.8.;.7.O.54J @. A " A 3 ! A - N [L , ) " B V B V , C " % " ) = [L [ - ) 0 B Y :. )! C $ )!" = B " " B V B Y 9. 0 ! C[L ) B Y 5. = 1 1 C , j@gm-1999. Pág.:85 - ' %5 MD ' %: MD C C. H^H -a0 ) 0 B '@. '@ [L -' 5R'@S_V H^H0 ? ". ' %5R'@S ? ' %:R'@S. " '@ [ N D= , C " % " ) )! 1 ! C DC # C = D D $ )!" = - ) 0 ' %% - MD 544 ) -40 0 B '@. '@ D ? 3. 453 D :53 ? ' %% R'@S. " '@ D % 453 D -590 $ - "VV590 " " " ' " " . , A 3 " ! " *" & " ) ! C' %% :53 C " j@gm-1999. Pág.:86 ! ) ) $ , )'" ) ) ) ! " )'" . ) C D [ 5443 " " = ) ! ) C \ H D \H A ' " ) -a0 " A & 544 ! " ' D D H ) $ C D H A ) " ' ) C. H^H D " D H = D H . A = D " . ) D $ " ' ) ' " ) A A ! D " ) = = ? @. D ? . ? @. ? 3. 4O @ D ) A ! @. 6 443 A % 4O= A -/ A D " " A ) )! " % " ) 4O ) 0 6 3. " 4 " ) " ' ) :53. % 4O 6 3= A / ! ! % " D $ C " " A ! C) $ A D :53 ) A // D :53 ? A ? " % & ! )! 1 D= ) $ " ! # ) ) A ) ) ! D ? = ) j@gm-1999. Pág.:87 )' D R " ) S R " )'" MS R )' " % S RH " HS )' ! " . & 3 ) - # )' C # " )' " " ) ) = C " + " " ) " = ' , ) )' , 2 " ! ! " C % , ) ) ' " 1 ) " " 1 ) " $ " " " C C " MD = , " ) ) ⋅ [ ) ) ) )'" " ⋅ ) D & ) , " ) C ' , % ! " )' ) , 0. = , " = ", ) )(" !" )(" !" )(" !" : ⋅ [ = ' " " ) 6 ⋅ = ' 58 # " " M= " " % ) ! " )'" ) " " M # )' ⋅ ) ) = ! " ) " = ? D = % ! ) , " % )' + - )' \ 0 " ! ) % ) " ) ) ! ' # j@gm-1999. Pág.:88 ) " ⋅ . ( " ) = " ) " ⋅ D - , " ) + ) \= ) ⋅ " D @! ! H " & H # ! " " " ) ) ' " $ , 3 ' " ) '" " ) 0 = ! " ' * + = +) % C @! , C0 , ) ! . ) " # ) ! # " " ) " ) )! 1 2 " # C & " !+ " , ) ) " ! -C " " ) ) % ⋅ ) ) ! " ) ) ! )' '" ) \ ) 0 , ) % - \ )' ) , ! " ) ) + )' " ) " ) ! )+@ ) " " ) ! ⋅ M= ) ! - " \0 " " ! ! - # H " ) ) )+ ! ! + ! !" ""+ " " ) . ! " ! "2) ) " ! ) ". & " ) ) " ) E " ) 58 " !" 1 ) 58 ' 3 . & , " !" 1 ) 9: ' 3 H " H )' % . ) @ , ! $ $ )!" . ! ! + 74978F6780= H= )' ) ) ) " + " ) 3 ' . + , " ! " 1 # ' " , " , ) ) " ! , , ! ' " 9: " ) 3 "" j@gm-1999. Pág.:89 ? " ) " ! ) D "2 D "" \ H D \H " " & " % " " " )' )!" . ) " 1 , ! " ) "" , ) D ! ) H D \H + - " )'" # ) * \ ) ) "" 0 ) ) , " )'" " 1 "2 '$ % " 1 " ) 3 3 " , % D. , ! " ' " ! " 1 \ \ 0 - ! " ' D $ ! -/ 0 [ 5443 -a0 A ! " ) ! " ) " " ) ) ! " ' " ! " ' ) 0 " . ! " ' " -5443 V :<8 " ! , * ) A " ! " "2 )'" " # , )! :<8 ! " ' ) E " " $ " , ! ! % ) ) # & - 0 2 = - " ] " R " ] # " 1 '" " " 1 ) % " . " " % [ - ) () ) " " % $ " . "" ) E . % $ 0 "2 "S 0 j@gm-1999. Pág.:90 " " " C , 3 & C )! C " ! " ] "C * " C , () ' & + MD < -50 ! [ MD 54 ! MD "C "C ' % " CaC , " " " ! " " - [ A ? 0 " . & . & " 5 ! ! &C " % ) = :. 6. 8. 7. 54 " ) 2 = D 0 & C " D H K ! " , ) ' . & 54 ! :<8 ! % D 5 - ) " ' -a0 & [ ) < ! A '" ! K " -50 " D )' * ) & :<8 & % ] ] A ! ' %% MD " " ! = ! & " C , " . , $ )!" () '" MD & [ D H 5: -a0 :. 6. 8. 7. 54 " j@gm-1999. Pág.:91 D H H = . = D = ? @. ? . @ ". " B ? ! ) " ) D A .4 " ? ) A ) 1 " " " ) ) ) C' " ! & @. 5: , )! C' 1 " A '" C '" C - ! 0 4 4 - " 0 5: = ? ' 3 ) % C' '" R S. '" C ) = ? ' " ! '" Y A MD 0 ) C' " ' B '" C MD D )' * ! ) - 0. -& , ! # . A ! " " " ) MD " ) @. ? @ A 4 A ) " 2 A ) " & ? @ . < D = ? CK @. K &b B -M A D )' * A &R ) = , ! S 3 ) ) ? % &C CK " , " ! &C ! - 0 0 ! B. K & Y . : CK " A ) ) : ' , % D " " ! ) ! " ) " " , 3 ' 2 ) , ) " 1 " ! - &. 0. ! " & ! 2 " # j@gm-1999. Pág.:92 " " ) ' 0= - = , D 3 ) [ " % -6 '& " ) 0. # 50 N D ' " " ! D & D & -5 # " MD . : # [ ) . * -: '& ! & , ") ) " . () " ' ) " " ) " # 50 N = / " " ) ) G N D ! " , " $ )!" = ! ) 1 6 % " " ' D " " ) ! ! () " # 2 = # 50 N D % " % " # ! 1 . Y - , ) " " ) ! -/ 0. 6 # ) 3 & " 0 ! % " ) E 9 . G " ) ) , () " ' " ) -9. :0 " ! MD . , ) " -9 # 50 N 9 N 5 Y -: # 50 N 5 " ) ) ' ! " ! " , D ' D " D ) &( " D H - " ) ! ) D H ( . " ) , 0 " " % " , , " )! # j@gm-1999. Pág.:93 ' " ) ) ' " $ " 1 C ) $ ) ^.H ! " " ! -D )' * ) = C " ! ) ) % ) C.C^C. ! ) $ , 58 '& ) " ) " ) ' " ) $ 3 ! ! . " ' # '" + ^ " 1 . "" + " * " ^0 + & ) " ^ . ! $ )!" . " ) $ = ) C. 59. 54. C^C 2 + C ! ' ! ) , " & ) C '& @ " D )' * "2 $ % ) = H 0 ) ) C -5< ) ) C. H^H ' ) ) ) , . ! * 59 - ' 0 & " " " @ + . $ 2 54 - " 0 " D ) E " ! = c MD . ? " MD ? " [ . [ 4 4 ? " [ . ? " [ / & 0 8< <9< -: = #9: ;87 4 6 ? " . ::< -5 = #5:7 & Y5:; -5 ? " [ /[ . * '& & & 0 0 Y9: ;8; -: & 0 -6 :O6 O8; :<O0 -6 '& 0 = #: 56; 697 867 & Y: 56; 697 86; -6 '& D ) E 8 " ! & " 1 978F678 " ) '" 0 ! ! j@gm-1999. Pág.:94 Z[ . Z D ) E 7 D MD . D D ) E 54 D & () " D D D 6 9: 7 86 54 74 @! C ) %" C= / B 8 # ; = d5 57@54#97 5< # 58 = d: :9@54#947 5O = d9 9;@54#6O9: () " RYF#S $ )!" & R% " 1 % S R S RRYF#S @! d9 64@5497 d5 ;O@54947 d5 57@546O9: ) = S = 6 '" 7 :< :9 A :<.:9 A : <:9@545 V :<.:9 : <:9 5 1'& 54 #:<:9 4 #: A V #:<:9@54#: V #:<.:9 ) " ! ) D " ) D H ' " " 2) H H ) ' " " ! H % ) ) ! " ) " )' " ! . . " )'" " " " # " 1 " ! (" ) "2 " ! " ! ) . % $ ) % " " " ) j@gm-1999. Pág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j@gm-1999. Pág.:96 " 1 & " D " " " + , % -3 ) ) 3 " ) D )! ! 3 ! " . ! " " ) " " 1 ) %% " @ e) C) ) ) " B @! @ " ) !" 1 ) " // 3 D , ) " " @ " !" 1 ) V ! $ b $ C. " 1 " )' * " , . ! # " ! B. % " % " " * ? " 0 " ? 3 ) ) 3 # % ! ' " # ", - = B , 0 L. 4O ! % " / 4O D :53 " - ! 0 :53 " :53 ! + " " ! ) ! " # " ) )! + $ ) " " " , 4O " ! 2 ") " ! " " "" 0 " = B ) ^ - % ) # -3 ' ! )! + 0. , % " ! " ! * " 3 + ^ " ^ " # + j@gm-1999. Pág.:97 ? B. 6 443 6 3A " 4 D :53 " ) 6 3 ! " " ! ? :53. , " " . . * " ) C C D / ! ) A ! ) " " " ! )'" 2)' " ' % ' ) 1 ) " " " B $ " 1 " ! . , " % " " )'" ) " ) " + " % , * ! )'" % ! ) + " " j@gm-1999. Pág.:98 )!" % , "2 . " ) ) " " ) ) ) ) M= D ! ! " " ! ⋅ = D ! = D ! ⋅ / " D= D ! " # ! ! = / . ! = . ! = / . ! = / . ! . ! = / " ) ) = = & ) ) ) ) @ " ) " " ! = / ! ! ) ) " . = / ! ! = ) ) " " = ! ! ⋅ L " ! " )' ) ) D= D ! ) ! = ! " A ! . ) ) = D ! ⋅ " ! ! = = & ! ) ) ) = D ! S = " " ⋅ ) = R. ! ! ! ⋅ ! " ) ⋅ D = " 1 " " % ) . " A ! ) " ) )' . ! ) ! " " 1 . F: : @ = $ = ! C" " $ C % )'" % 1 " " " $ "0. ! ! " )' " )! $ " )'" ) )' " ' " " " " $ % !('" & j@gm-1999. Pág.:99 @ ) . # ) ! # D ) E " " ≠ " . - & V a. " ) " " . fD ) " = " %2 D = ) ) . / " " " ) & = " : D \ - )! D \ - )! " " ) D ] = ) 00 & / M ] " ) ) ) = ) ) " & %2 - # & ! 00 3 ! " 1 ) B . & " ) , ) " " " D M ! )' " ! " ) " ! " ) " D " ! 578. ! ! ) ! & ! " ) ! , " " ! # "" & ) & & " " . " )' ) . ) ) ! # ) ! ! " . ! " ) ! " ! ) & ? " % ) ! & L ) " 1 " ) " ) . , " ) . ! ! % $ . ! ! " ) ! " " ! ) ! ) % ! ) ! " & " " " )'" % " ) " , '" ! ! ) ' $ ! . = :78 . 978 & " ! 678 ! " " , & j@gm-1999. Pág.:100 ) ' $ ! * . " )'" " ! " ! ) D D ! ' " ) ! ' " ) \ ! % $ " . " (" ) ) )+ ' ! ) E " ) E 54:6 '& % ) ! ) " " " . ) ) ) ! ? ) @. ) ) 2)' " & 2 , & g . 2 . ! ! " ) )! , $ " " '" . ) E " % B . ! # ) " 1 , " % ) % ) ". )!" % ) ) '" ) . D " (" , " ! = g 3 " )' " )'" " 1 " " ' '" ! " " % $ ! " ! " ) " , ) & 3 )+ ' " ! " . * ) E . " % ) E ! & ! . +) )'" ) ) % % " ! " ! ! " . " ! '& " ) " " \ "" ! " " , ' " ) D ) " " )+ = " ' . ! . " ) E ' " )'" " " " ! ) " ! )' ) " " ) ) . , % ) # j@gm-1999. Pág.:101 ) B ) " )!" % # = A D \ :443 5443. " ) ) A D ) E " . :<8 ! " ' D ) A $ C ' = ! " . " ) :443V<5: '& & " ! ) = [ . <5: '& ) ) ) C.C^C A ) " A $ ) . )! ' " C D C ) & " A D = ? @. g D ? . @ ? @. ? 3. 4O A ? " " A // D ) ) C) $ A D ! $ C " ' $ " D :53 ? @. 6 443 D :53 D ! A / " ! " ! ) ) " ) " j@gm-1999. Pág.:102 ) )' )+ " & , ! , ! " ", , ! " " )' D ) ' 50 ! ' 1 " % ) " , " ' )' = ) " ! ) . . % " " ! +) . )' # = ! ! - , 2 ) # :0 D @ = +) ) = R. ! , 2 S " 0 90 / ) " % - ) )' 0 " 1 2 = ] ! ' & " % +) " R. ! . +) . S )! ! ! # . " ! " . ! ) " )'" " , 3 )'" ") ) " ! . )' & ' " ! . +. " ! " ! ) )'" ) . . " " + )' '" " " ' '" ! " ) " ! j@gm-1999. Pág.:103 " ) ) " ) ! '( , C " ) " ! " " C. & ! " '" ) " " ) " ) ) )' " C @! " # C ( " ) )'" . . , ! ! ! ( " % ) ) "" . @! " " ' ) , , ! ) % # 2 ) " ) ) . # . " 3 ) ! )' ! ! % )!" & "" ) " ) " ) )' " 1 3 " "" ) " % ) " " , " " ! * . & " " ) ) ) ! & ) )!" ! ! ) ) " % $ ) ) ) ) 2% , " " 2 ! ) ) ! / , ) " " 1 ! ) " 1 C. ) . ' * " ! ! ) , " , ! " 1 2 " " " % C +) # )' , * ) ! 1 +) " ' " % ) " " @! ! % " 1 ) ! " " " 1 , ) , C. "" ) " " " +) 2 , ) " ) ' $ " ! +) 2 ) " ) % ) " " C +) 3 & ! " j@gm-1999. Pág.:104 ! . , ! + % " ", " " % " ) $ ! ' " # 3 & , ! $ ) " ! " 3 ) . ! " 1 # ) " " 1 ) = ! ! " ! ) " 3 % " / )' 3 " " ) 3 ' + , ) " ) = 3. 6 3 D :53 !" & ? @. // ? 3. 4O3 D D :53 " ] " ? - )' ) . " 3 ]/ 3 " ) ) 0. ) . ! 3 $ )!" = ? ) " ! " / " ! ]/ 3. 473 D :53 % 3 & , "" ) = j@gm-1999. Pág.:105 ) D D \ H D K 5443 D ! ) = \H ! -a0 D H ! " 1 D H ' C " C ' < ) 5 ' C " ) : ' C ! -a0 =C 59.54.C^C C.C^C D D H H = P = D . = = ? @. ? . D @ =T " ! . ) . A , , 2 " " % ) 3 " ! = ) , " & , " = ? . 4 !" & ) ? 5 A C " A !" &C , ! +) @. < = " ? D = "R ? . 4 ? @. < S. ) " ! +) " ) j@gm-1999. Pág.:106 ? ". "R ". ! R S S D !" & ) : A A ! +) P " )!" % = , " " ) " " % ) ) & " % " " " , ! " ' " " 1 )! " 2)' " " " "" !" , = - ! ' ' ) '" )(" , " , , " @ " )'" % @! " % @ % , ) ! . " ) $ )!" = ! ) ? = @. ) ) 0 , @ ! * j@gm-1999. Pág.:107 $ '" ) , ! , ! ) " & ) " " ) . " $ )!" = !" & L @ L @ ? @. ? @. 4O3 D :53 @ @ %% ) 3 ! " % " & " ! * . + " " " ' " j@gm-1999. Pág.:108 $ = 5 # ! ) ) ) ) 3 " ) " 1 * : # " % " ! ) " ) ) 9 # '& + " ) ) " ) ) 1 ! 1 ") 6 % " " ) ) & 9 # 1 # % " " ) 1 1 1 6 % " '& " ) " " ) ) ) 6 % " " " " ) ) ! " " ) . 1 & 6 & 9 ") ! " ' " ) ! ) ) " 1 " & ) " 6 # ! ) ) 1 ! 6 % " , ! ! ! )! ! " ! % . . & " % " " # " " ) " , ) & # ! ! , " C. & 64 2. , " ! ) + " ! ! " ' " 1 " ! + ! # ) ! " . 1 ) )! " 64 " , C " )! " + )! )+@ ) + , ' " ) ) ) ) . "" ) " ) C )! " ) . ! & 9 ) C! ! ! " ' . " < # ) ") "" " " 1 ! " ' " D 1 " " , " 1 " " ! " ' " @ j@gm-1999. Pág.:109 " " j@gm-1999. Pág.:110 D " " ! ! " ⋅ = - " ) ! ) ) ! ) 0 ! ! ) - 00. & ) " "" ) % ) ) + = ! ) " ) ! / ! ] ! " " " " # " , " . '" "" ) . , = " ! ] C " " S "" ) ! " C 0 " )' " $ ) - " ! " ) " , "" ) = " ) 1 ! ) '" , , ) ! " ! 0 ) % - ) 0. & C ) " ! ! "" ) / % ) ) ) ! ) "" # " ' R C . " 0. ) 0 ! L & ) " ! ! " ) 00. " ! ) " ! -/ " " ) " . + ") " - / " ) = " ⋅ ! = & , ) - ! ! ) " 1 ! ) ' # j@gm-1999. Pág.:111 )' ] ) ' D )' " C ' ] ) C ! " ) / ) ) " - ! " ) 0 0 " -/ = -/ "" ) 0 " ) ! * "E ! ) " $ D - " 0 D K 5443 D \H ! -a0 D H ) \ H D $ D H ' C ) ) =C.C^C D D H H = D . = = ? @. ? . !" & ) D @ $ A A NNNN A ) NNNN D . = ! " , $ " ! ) " $ )!" = D " 0 ! ! & ! $ # " j@gm-1999. Pág.:112 L @ ? @. 6 443 D :53 @ D D -/ 3 0 !" & ) ) L @ L @ ? @. ? 3. 4O3 D :53 @ @ %% ) ) j@gm-1999. Pág.:113 ! " & " $ > )'" " - \ "" ! % ) " ! ) % . 3 ' + , 8 4 )'" ) % " 0 , = )'" ) ") '" . . " " $ 0 " 1 - ) , " ) ' 8 4 & = T % T " )'" )'" $ " 1 " ) = RT ! " % )'" S )' ) 3 " ) . 3 & , % ! " 1 '" ] ' " " $ ) , DL " % ! " , " 3 " )# = Fa " ! = # F D= L ' " # F = " ) )'" # FP = > E % # FP)= L ' " , ! $ $ "" ) ) M -! - \0 )' " )! % 3 ! , 3 & ' " < 54 T T +% " " 0 " 8 4 % " D ) " " ! [ " T $ T \ . & ,