Consulta Previa, ciudadanías diferenciadas \FRQÀLFWRVRFLRDPELHQWDO1 Gloria Patricia Lopera Mesa Universidad EAFIT 'LUHFFLyQHOHFWUyQLFDJORSHUD#HD¿WHGXFR Robert V H Dover Departamento de Antropología Universidad de Antioquia Dirección electrónica: rvhdover@gmailcom Lopera, Gloria Patricia; Dover, Robert (2013) “Consulta Previa, ciudadanías GLIHUHQFLDGDV\FRQÀLFWRVRFLRDPELHQWDO´(QBoletín de Antropología. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Vol 28, N.o 45, pp. 76-103. 7H[WRUHFLELGRDSUREDFLyQ¿QDO Resumen. El artículo examina la relación, propia del multiculturalismo, entre Consulta Previa y HOVXUJLPLHQWRGHFLXGDGDQtDVGLIHUHQFLDGDVDVtFRPRODFRQVWUXFFLyQFRQÀLFWLYDTXHKDWHQLGRGLFKD LQVWLWXFLyQHQHOGHUHFKRFRORPELDQRFRQHO¿QGHLOXVWUDUGHTXpPDQHUDHOODVHKDFRQYHUWLGRHQXQ campo social de disputa entre diversos actores con concepciones también diversas del desarrollo, la identidad y el bien común. Para concluir, se plantean algunas limitaciones que presenta la Consulta 3UHYLDFRPRKHUUDPLHQWDGHJHVWLyQGHFRQÀLFWRVVRFLRDPELHQWDOHVODWHQGHQFLDDHWQL]DUHOGHUHFKR DODSDUWLFLSDFLyQTXHSURSLFLDHVWHPHFDQLVPRODVGL¿FXOWDGHVSDUDUHFRQRFHUHSLVWHPRORJtDV\WHP- (VWHDUWtFXORHVUHVXOWDGRGHOSUR\HFWR³/DFRQVXOWDSUHYLDFRPRKHUUDPLHQWDSDUDODWUDQVIRUPDFLyQ GHFRQWH[WRVGHGHVDUUROOR\ODPLWLJDFLyQGHFRQÀLFWRVVRFLRDPELHQWDOHV´&yGLJR&ROFLHQFLDV GHVDUUROODGRSRUORVJUXSRVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ5(5'6$GHO,QVWLWXWRGH(VWXGLRV 5HJLRQDOHVGHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH$QWLRTXLD\-XVWLFLD\&RQÀLFWRDGVFULWRDOD8QLYHUVLGDG(D¿W /DVUHIHUHQFLDVDFDVRVTXHVHLQFRUSRUDQHQHODUWtFXORFRUUHVSRQGHQDOWUDEDMRGHFDPSRGHVDUUR OODGRHQHVWHSUR\HFWRGXUDQWHHOSULPHUVHPHVWUHGHHQ0DUPDWR&DOGDVFRUUHJLPLHQWR 6DQ6HEDVWLiQGH3DOPLWDV0HGHOOtQ\HQOD]RQDGHLQÀXHQFLDGHODUHSUHVD(O&HUFDGRUtR 5DQFKHUtD*XDMLUD &RQVXOWD3UHYLDFLXGDGDQtDVGLIHUHQFLDGDV\FRQÀLFWRVRFLRDPELHQWDO / 77 poralidades divergentes y para reducir la asimetría de poder e información que existe entre los actores que intervienen en la consulta. Palabras clave:&RQVXOWD3UHYLDFRQÀLFWRVVRFLRDPELHQWDOHVFLXGDGDQtDVpWQLFDVGHVDUUROOR participación ciudadana. Prior consultation, differentiated (ethnic) citizenship and socioHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQÀLFW Abstract. The article examines the relationship between prior consultation and the construction RIGLIIHUHQWLDWHGFLWL]HQVKLSDSSURSULDWHWRPXOWLFXOWXUDOLVPDVZHOODVWKHFRQÀLFWLYHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKH institution of prior consultation in Colombian law, with the intention of illustrating in what way it has become DVRFLDO¿HOGRIGLVSXWHEHWZHHQGLYHUVHDFWRUVZLWKGLYHUVHLGHDVDERXWGHYHORSPHQWLGHQWLW\DQGWKH common good. Finally, the article suggests some of the limitations of prior consultation as a way to manage VRFLRHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQÀLFWVWKHWHQGHQF\WRHWKQLFL]HWKHULJKWWRSDUWLFLSDWHWKURXJKWKLVPHFKDQLVP WKHGLI¿FXOW\WRUHFRJQL]HGLYHUJHQWHSLVWHPRORJLHVDQGWHPSRUDOLWLHVDQGWRUHGXFHWKHDV\PPHWU\RI power and information between the actors that are part of the consultation process. Keywords:3ULRUFRQVXOWDWLRQVRFLRHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQÀLFWVHWKQLFFLWL]HQU\GHYHORSPHQWFLWL]HQ participation. 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Modelos de gestión de la alteridad $VLPLODFLyQ (O³RWUR´FRPRREMHWR GHDSOLFDFLyQGH SROtWLFDVGHGHVDUUROOR &RQVXOWDFRPR ³LQIRUPDFLyQ´R ³VRFLDOL]DFLyQ´ ³0XOWLFXOWXUDOLVPRQHROLEHUDO´ 3OXUDOLGDGMXUtGLFD 5HJXODFLRQHVÀH[LEOHV\ concertadas entre actores S~EOLFRV\SULYDGRV eQIDVLVHQHOSURFHGLPLHQWR -XGLFLDOL]DFLyQGHFRQÀLFWRV sociales. ³0XOWLFXOWXUDOLVPRFRQWUDKHJHPyQLFR´ $XWRGHWHUPLQDFLyQFRPRGHUHFKR DWHQHUFRQWUROHIHFWLYRVREUH WHUULWRULR\GHPiVFRQGLFLRQHVGH UHSURGXFFLyQItVLFD\FXOWXUDOGHO JUXSR ,QWHUFXOWXUDOLGDG &RQVHQWLPLHQWR/LEUH3UHYLRH ,QIRUPDGR&/3,SRGHUGHYHWR (QHOFHQWURVHVLW~DHOPRGHORGHJREHUQDQ]DGHO³PXOWLFXOWXUDOLVPRQHROLEHUDO´ TXHHVWHDXWRUGHQRPLQD³(WQLFLGDGJRY´SRUFXDQWRSRVLELOLWyHOVXUJLPLHQWRGH OD&RQVXOWD3UHYLDSXHVQREDVWDEDFRQODDJHQFLDGHOPRYLPLHQWRLQGtJHQDVLQR TXHHUDSUHFLVRHQFRQWUDUHFRHQODVHPSUHVDV\JRELHUQRV<ODFRQVXOWDIXHELHQ UHFLELGDSRUHVWRVDFWRUHVSRUTXHUHVXOWDEDIXQFLRQDODXQPRGHORGHJREHUQDQ]D FX\DVSULQFLSDOHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVHVWiQFODUDPHQWHSUHVHQWHVHQHOGLVHxRGHOD&RQ VXOWD3UHYLD5RGUtJXH] (VWD FRQFHSFLyQ HV GLVSXWDGD SRU HO SDUDGLJPD GH OD DXWRGHWHUPLQDFLyQ SODQWHDGRSRUHOPRYLPLHQWRWUDQVQDFLRQDOSRUORVGHUHFKRVLQGtJHQDVTXHSODQWHD XQDYLVLyQGH³PXOWLFXOWXUDOLVPRFRQWUDKHJHPyQLFR´$XWRGHWHUPLQDFLyQTXHQR IRUPXODXQDGHPDQGDGHVHFHVLyQVLQRTXHUHFODPDHOGHUHFKRGHHVWRVSXHEORVD WHQHUFRQWUROHIHFWLYRVREUHODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHODVTXHGHSHQGHVXUHSURGXFFLyQItVLFD \FXOWXUDO\DYDQ]DUKDFLDUHODFLRQHVVLPpWULFDVGHSRGHU\UHFRQRFLPLHQWRFRQORV GHPiVPLHPEURVGHODFRPXQLGDGSROtWLFDPiVDPSOLDGHODTXHIRUPDQSDUWH'HVGH 86 / Boletín de Antropología, Vol. 28 N.º 45, primer semestre de 2013. 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Construcción de la Consulta Previa en el Derecho Internacional &RQFHSFLyQGpELO %DQFR0XQGLDO&), 3ROtWLFDVRSHUDWLYDV%,' 3ULQFLSLRVGH(FXDGRU 3ULQFLSLRV9ROXQWDULRVGHOD 2&'( &RQVHMR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH 0LQHUtD\0HWDOHV &RPLVLyQ0XQGLDOGH 5HSUHVDV &RQVXOWD3UHYLD&3 &RQYHQLR2,7 &RQFHSFLyQIXHUWH&RQVHQWLPLHQWR &/3, ,QIRUPHV5HODWRU218SDUD 3XHEORV,QGtJHQDV 'HFODUDFLyQGH'HUHFKRVGHORV 3XHEORV,QGtJHQDV218 *XtDSDUDODDSOLFDFLyQ&RQYHQLR 2,7 6LVWHPD,QWHUDPHULFDQRGH''++ &RQVXOWD3UHYLDFLXGDGDQtDVGLIHUHQFLDGDV\FRQÀLFWRVRFLRDPELHQWDO / 87 (OSXQWRGHSDUWLGDORFRQVWLWX\HQODVGLVSRVLFLRQHVGHO&RQYHQLR2,7 VLWXDGDVHQHOFHQWURGHODPDWUL]SRUFXDQWRVHHULJHQHQODDUHQDGLVFXUVLYDGRQGH VHOLEUDQODVEDWDOODVSRUODGH¿QLFLyQGHOVHQWLGRGHOD&RQVXOWD3UHYLD'HXQODGRVH SUHVHQWDXQDDSURSLDFLyQHQFODYHSURFHGLPHQWDOGpELOGHHVWD¿JXUDSRUSDUWHGH ORVLQVWUXPHQWRVGH³GHUHFKREODQGR´SURGXFLGRVSRUGLYHUVRVRUJDQLVPRVPXOWL ODWHUDOHVHO%DQFR0XQGLDOGLUHFWDPHQWHRDWUDYpVGHOD&RUSRUDFLyQ)LQDQFLHUD ,QWHUQDFLRQDO &), KD HPLWLGR GLYHUVDV GLUHFWLYDV HQWUH ODV TXH VH GHVWDFDQ HO 0DQXDOGHSUiFWLFDVGHGLYXOJDFLyQ\FRQVXOWDS~EOLFD&),HO0DQXDOSDUD ODSUHSDUDFLyQGHXQSODQGHUHDVHQWDPLHQWR&),ODSROtWLFDRSHUDFLRQDO 23VREUHSXHEORVLQGtJHQDV%0\PiVUHFLHQWHPHQWHODV1RUPDV GHGHVHPSHxRVREUHVRVWHQLELOLGDGVRFLDO\DPELHQWDO&),3RUVXSDUWHHO %DQFR,QWHUDPHULFDQRGH'HVDUUROOR%,'VHKDUHIHULGRDOD&RQVXOWD3UHYLDHQVXV SROtWLFDVRSHUDWLYDVVREUHUHDVHQWDPLHQWRLQYROXQWDULR%,'\VREUHSXHEORV LQGtJHQDV%,'7DPELpQHVLPSRUWDQWHFRQVLGHUDUORVOODPDGRV3ULQFLSLRVGH (FXDGRUH[SHGLGRVSRUSULPHUDYH]HQ\REMHWRGHSHUPDQHQWHDFWXDOL]DFLyQ FRPRXQDHVSHFLHGHFyGLJRGHFRQGXFWDFRUSRUDWLYRTXHFRQGLFLRQDODLQYHUVLyQ SRU SDUWH GH XQ JUXSR GH EDQFRV TXH ¿QDQFLDQ SUR\HFWRV GH GHVDUUROOR (TXDWRU 3ULQFLSOHV,,, DVtFRPRORVSULQFLSLRVYROXQWDULRVGHOD2UJDQL]DFLyQSDUD OD&RRSHUDFLyQ\HO'HVDUUROOR(FRQyPLFR2&'()LQDOPHQWHODVSURSLDV HPSUHVDVWUDQVQDFLRQDOHVDWUDYpVGHRUJDQL]DFLRQHVTXHODVDJUXSDQRGHODVTXH IRUPDQSDUWHKDQH[SHGLGRFyGLJRVGHFRQGXFWDSDUDSUR\HFWRVHVSHFt¿FRVFRPR OD*XtDGHEXHQDVSUiFWLFDVFRQSXHEORVLQGtJHQDVDGRSWDGDSRUHO&RQVHMR,QWHU QDFLRQDOGH0LQHUtD\0HWDOHV&,00RODVUHFRPHQGDFLRQHVSODQWHDGDV HQHO,QIRUPH¿QDOGHOD&RPLVLyQ0XQGLDOGH5HSUHVDV5RGUtJXH]0RUULV2UGX] \%XULWLFi6]DEORZVNL:RUOG&RPPLVVLRQRQ'DPV (VWRV LQVWUXPHQWRV DOXGHQ D OD QHFHVLGDG GH UHDOL]DU &RQVXOWD 3UHYLD FRQ ORV SXHEORV LQGtJHQDV \ PiV DPSOLDPHQWH FRQ OD SREODFLyQ ORFDO TXH UHFLEH HO LPSDFWRGHORVSUR\HFWRVLQFOXVRHQORVPiVUHFLHQWHVVHLQFRUSRUDHOHVWiQGDUGHO &RQVHQWLPLHQWR/LEUH3UHYLRH,QIRUPDGR6LQHPEDUJRWRGRVHOORVDSXQWDQDXQD FRQFHSFLyQGpELOGHODSDUWLFLSDFLyQSRUODVUD]RQHVGHRUGHQLQVWUXPHQWDOTXHHQ HOORVVHRIUHFHQSDUDMXVWL¿FDUODUHDOL]DFLyQGHFRQVXOWDVORJUDUODYLDELOLGDGVRFLDO GHORVSUR\HFWRV\HYLWDUORVVREUHFRVWRVGHGLYHUVRRUGHQDVRFLDGRVDOUHFKD]RGH ODSREODFLyQORFDOSRUODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQUHVWULFWLYDTXHSURSRQHQDFHUFDGHODOFDQFH GHO&RQYHQLR2,7DOUHLWHUDUTXHQRH[LVWHXQGHUHFKRGHYHWRSRUSDUWHGHODV FRPXQLGDGHV R UHFRPHQGDU OD UHDOL]DFLyQ GH FRQVXOWDV VROR HQ SUR\HFWRV TXH VH OOHYHQDFDERHQORVSDtVHVVLJQDWDULRVGHHVWHFRQYHQLR¿QDOPHQWHSRUHOFDUiFWHU QRYLQFXODQWHGHGLFKRVLQVWUXPHQWRVFX\DYHUL¿FDFLyQTXHGDOLEUDGDDOPRQLWRUHR GH ODV SURSLDV HPSUHVDV R GH ORV RUJDQLVPRV PXOWLODWHUDOHV TXH ORV H[SLGHQ VLQ TXHHQJHQHUDOFXHQWHQFRQPHFDQLVPRVSDUDKDFHUORVH[LJLEOHVHQYtDMXGLFLDO 6]DEORZVNL 88 / Boletín de Antropología, Vol. 28 N.º 45, primer semestre de 2013. Universidad de Antioquia (QHORWURH[WUHPRGHODPDWUL]SRGUtDVLWXDUVHODGH¿QLFLyQGHODOFDQFHGHOD &RQVXOWD3UHYLDHIHFWXDGDSRUHO5HODWRU(VSHFLDOGHODV1DFLRQHV8QLGDVVREUHORV 'HUHFKRV+XPDQRV\/LEHUWDGHV)XQGDPHQWDOHVGHORV3XHEORV,QGtJHQDVTXLHQ HQGLYHUVRVLQIRUPHVKDSURSXHVWRLQWHUSUHWDFLRQHVPiVH[LJHQWHVGHOGHUHFKRDOD FRQVXOWD5DOJXQDVGHHOODVDFRJLGDVHQOD'HFODUDFLyQGH'HUHFKRVGHORV3XHEORV ,QGtJHQDVGH''3,ODFXDOHQYDULDVGHVXVGLVSRVLFLRQHVHOHYDHOHVWiQGDU GHFRQVXOWDKDFLDFRQVHQWLPLHQWR67DPELpQVHDSUHFLDHVWDLQWHUSUHWDFLyQPiVH[L JHQWHHQOD*XtDSDUDODDSOLFDFLyQGHO&RQYHQLRH[SHGLGDSRUOD2,7HQHODxR 2,77DOLJXDOTXHHQDOJXQRVSURQXQFLDPLHQWRVGHORVyUJDQRV TXHLQWHJUDQHO6LVWHPD,QWHUDPHULFDQRGH'HUHFKRV+XPDQRV$GHPiVGHLQVWDU HQVXVLQIRUPHVGHYLVLWDDORVSDtVHVVLJQDWDULRVGHOD&RQYHQFLyQDUHVSHWDUHO GHUHFKRGHORVSXHEORVLQGtJHQDVDVHUFRQVXOWDGRVDQWHVGHDXWRUL]DUODH[SORWDFLyQ GHUHFXUVRVQDWXUDOHVHQVXVWHUULWRULRVOD&RPLVLyQ,QWHUDPHULFDQDGH'HUHFKRV +XPDQRVIRUPXOyXQDSURSXHVWDGH'HFODUDFLyQ$PHULFDQDGH'HUHFKRVGH3XHEORV ,QGtJHQDVD~QQRDSUREDGDTXHUHFRJHHOHVWiQGDUGHOFRQVHQWLPLHQWRDVLPLVPR /RVLQIRUPHVGHO5HODWRU(VSHFLDOGHOD218SDUD3XHEORV,QGtJHQDVFDUJRTXHDODIHFKDKDQ RFXSDGR 5RGROIR 6WDYHQKDJHQ \ -DPHV$QD\D HVWiQ GLVSRQLEOHV HQ KWWSZZZRKFKURUJ VSDQLVKLVVXHVLQGLJHQRXVUDSSRUWHXUUHSRUWVKWP\HQKWWSDSRKFKURUJGRFXPHQWVVGSDJHBH DVS["P W &RQVXOWDGDVHOGHRFWXEUHGH (QWUH ODV GLVSRVLFLRQHV UHOHYDQWHV GH OD 'HFODUDFLyQ VH GHVWDFDQ ORV DUWtFXORV REOLJDFLyQ JHQHUDO GH FHOHEUDU FRQVXOWDV RULHQWDGDV D REWHQHU &/3, DQWHV GH DGRSWDU \ DSOLFDU PHGLGDV DGPLQLVWUDWLYDVROHJLVODWLYDVTXHDIHFWHQDORVSXHEORVLQGtJHQDV&/3,SDUDHOWUDVODGR GHSREODFLRQHVUHVWLWXFLyQGHELHQHVFXOWXUDOHVTXHKD\DQVLGRSULYDGRVVLQVX&/3, DGRSWDU PHGLGDV SDUD FRPEDWLU GLVFULPLQDFLyQ HQ FRQVXOWD \ FRRSHUDFLyQ FRQ SXHEORV LQGtJHQDVPHGLGDVSDUDHUUDGLFDUWUDEDMRLQIDQWLOHQFRQVXOWD\FRRSHUDFLyQGHUHFKR DGHWHUPLQDUVXSURSLRGHVDUUROORSDUWLFLSDUDFWLYDPHQWHHQODHODERUDFLyQGHWHUPLQDFLyQ\ DSOLFDFLyQGHORVSODQHV\SURJUDPDVHFRQyPLFRV\VRFLDOHVTXHOHVFRQFLHUQDQGHUHFKRD SDUWLFLSDUHQHOSURFHGLPLHQWRSDUDUHFRQRFHU\DGMXGLFDUGHUHFKRVVREUHVXVWLHUUDVUH SDUDFLyQSRUUHVWLWXFLyQRLQGHPQL]DFLyQSRUODVWLHUUDVWHUULWRULRV\UHFXUVRVTXHKD\DQVLGR XWLOL]DGRVGDxDGRVFRQ¿VFDGRVVLQ&/3,QRDOPDFHQDPLHQWRQLHOLPLQDFLyQGHPDWHULDOHV SHOLJURVRVHQWHUULWRULRVVLQ&/3,FRQVXOWDVH¿FDFHVDQWHVGHXWLOL]DUWLHUUDV\WHUULWRULRV SDUDDFWLYLGDGHVPLOLWDUHVFRQVXOWDVRULHQWDGDVD&/3,DQWHVGHDSUREDUFXDOTXLHUSUR \HFWRTXHDIHFWHWLHUUDVWHUULWRULRVUHFXUVRVSDUWLFXODUPHQWHPLQHUDOHVKtGULFRV\RWURV DGRSWDUPHGLGDVSDUDIDFLOLWDUFRQWDFWRSXHEORVLQWHUIURQWHUL]RVHQFRQVXOWD\FRRSHUDFLyQ FRQVXOWD\FRRSHUDFLyQSDUDDGRSWDUPHGLGDVRULHQWDGDVDDOFDQ]DUORV¿QHVGHOD''3, /D2,7KDIRUPXODGRYDULDVJXtDVSDUDODDSOLFDFLyQGHHVWHFRQYHQLRHQODVTXHVHDSUHFLDXQD WHQGHQFLDDIRUWDOHFHUHOVLJQL¿FDGR\DOFDQFHGHODFRQVXOWDSUHYLD$VtSRUHMHPSORSDUDPHQFLR QDUXQDVSHFWRGHFLVLYRGHHVWD¿JXUDHQOD*XtDSUHVHQWDGDHQHODxRVHDGYLHUWHGHPDQHUD H[SUHVDTXHGLFKRPHFDQLVPRQRHVWDEOHFHXQGHUHFKRGHORVSXHEORVLQGtJHQDVRWULEDOHVDYHWDU ODVSROtWLFDVGHGHVDUUROOR\GHVWDFDTXHORVJRELHUQRVFRQVHUYDQODSRWHVWDGGHGHFLGLUVREUHOD H[SORWDFLyQGHUHFXUVRVQDWXUDOHVHQVXVWHUULWRULRV2,7(QWUHWDQWRHQOD*XtDGHO DxRVHLQWURGXFHHVSHFt¿FDPHQWHHOFRQFHSWRGH³FRQVHQWLPLHQWROLEUHSUHYLRHLQIRUPDGR´ VHxDODQGRTXH³HVWHSURFHVRSXHGHLQFOXLUODRSFLyQGHQHJDUHOFRQVHQWLPLHQWR´2,7 &RQVXOWD3UHYLDFLXGDGDQtDVGLIHUHQFLDGDV\FRQÀLFWRVRFLRDPELHQWDO / 89 KDFXPSOLGRXQLPSRUWDQWHURODWUDYpVGHODVHOHFFLyQ\SUHVHQWDFLyQDQWHOD&RUWH ,QWHUDPHULFDQDGHFDVRVTXHLQYROXFUDQODRPLVLyQGHORV(VWDGRVGHFRQVXOWDUDORV SXHEORVLQGtJHQDV\WULEDOHVSUR\HFWRVGHGHVDUUROORTXHLPSDFWDQVXVWHUULWRULRV 3RVDGD(QODMXULVSUXGHQFLDGHOD&RUWH,QWHUDPHULFDQDODVHQWHQFLD GHTXHUHVXHOYHHOFDVR6DUDPDNDYV6XULQDPH,FRQVWLWX\HXQSURQXQFLDPLHQWR GHFLVLYRHQHVWDRULHQWDFLyQPiVH[LJHQWHGHOGHUHFKRDODFRQVXOWDDOVHxDODUTXH ³>«@FXDQGRVHWUDWHGHSODQHVGHGHVDUUROORRGHLQYHUVLyQDJUDQHVFDODTXHWHQGUtDQ XQPD\RULPSDFWRGHQWURGHOWHUULWRULR6DUDPDNDHO(VWDGRWLHQHODREOLJDFLyQQR VRORGHFRQVXOWDUDORV6DUDPDNDVVLQRWDPELpQGHEHREWHQHUHO&RQVHQWLPLHQWR /LEUH3UHYLRH,QIRUPDGRGHHVWRVVHJ~QVXVFRVWXPEUHV\WUDGLFLRQHV´ 1o $FRQWLQXDFLyQYHUHPRVHOLPSDFWRGHHVWHSURQXQFLDPLHQWRHQHOGHEDWHORFDOHQ WRUQRDODOFDQFHGHOGHUHFKRDODFRQVXOWD /DOXFKDSRUODGH¿QLFLyQGHODOFDQFHGHOD&RQVXOWD3UHYLD en el derecho colombiano Tabla 3. 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