U N ID A D A C A D É M IC A D E C IE N C IA S S O C IA L E S C A R R E R A D E C IE N C IA S D E L A E D U C A C IÓ N M E N C IÓ N IN G L É S TE M A : F A C T O R S T H A T H IN D E R S T U D E N T S T O C LA S S R O O M R E C O G N IS E A N D P R O D U C E S O M E L A N G U A G E E X P R E S S IO N S T O T A L K W IT H T H E T E A C H E R A N D C LA S S M A TE S . TR A B A JO D E L T ÍT U L O P R Á C T IC O D E L E X A M E N C O M P L E X IV O P R E V IO A L A O B T E N C IÓ N D E L IC E N C IA D A E N C IE N C IA S D E L A E D U C A C IÓ E S P E C IA L IZ A C IÓ N IN G L É S A U TO R A : G U T IÉ R R E Z C E V A L L O S L IZ B E T H M A R IE L A M A C H A L A - E L O R O C E S IÓ N D E D E R E C H O S D E A U T O R Y o , G U T IÉ R R E Z C E V A L L O S L IZ B E T H M A R IE L A , c o n d e la c a r r e r a d e C I E N C I A S D E L A E D U C A C I Ó N A C A D É M IC A D E C IE N C IA S S O C IA L E S de C . I . 0 7 0 6 7 2 3 7 5 6 , e s t u d ia n t e M E N C IÓ N la IN G L É S d e U N IV E R S ID A D la U N I D A D T É C N IC A D E M A C H A L A , e n c a lid a d d e A u t o r a d e l s ig u ie n t e t r a b a jo d e t it u la c ió n F A C T O R S T H A T H IN D E R S TU D E N TS TO R E C O G N IS E L A N G U A G E E X P R E S S IO N S T O A N D P R O D U C E S O M E C LA S S R O O M T A L K W IT H T H E T E A C H E R A N D C L A S S M A T E S . D e c la r o b a jo j u r a m e n t o q u e e l t r a b a jo a q u í d e s c r it o e s d e m i a u to ría ; q u e n o h a s id o p r e v ia m e n t e p r e s e n t a d o p a r a n in g ú n g r a d o o c a lif ic a c ió n p r o f e s io n a l. E n c o n s e c u e n c ia , a s u m o la r e s p o n s a b i lid a d d e la o r ig in a lid a d d e l m is m o y e l c u id a d o a l r e m it ir m e a la s f u e n t e s b ib lio g r á f ic a s r e s p e c t iv a s p a r a f u n d a m e n t a r el c o n t e n id o e x p u e s to , a s u m ie n d o la r e s p o n s a b il id a d fre n te a c u a lq u ie r r e c la m o o d e m a n d a p o r p a r t e d e t e r c e r o s d e m a n e r a E X C L U S I V A . C e d o a la U N I V E R S I D A D T É C N I C A D E M A C H A L A d e f o r m a N O E X C L U S I V A c o n r e f e r e n c ia a la o b r a e n f o r m a t o d ig it a l lo s d e r e c h o s d e : a. In c o rp o ra r la m e n c io n a d a d e m o c r a t iz a c ió n C r e a t iv e a o b ra al n iv e l m u n d i a l, C om m ons r e p o s it o r io re s p e ta n d o d ig it a l lo in s t it u c i o n a l e s t a b le c id o por A t r ib u c ió n - N o C o m e r c ia l- C o m p a r t ir I g u a l 4 . 0 la p a ra su L ic e n c i a I n t e r n a c io n a l ( C C B Y - N C - S A 4 . 0 ) , la L e y d e P r o p ie d a d I n t e le c t u a l d e l E s t a d o E c u a t o r ia n o y e l R e g la m e n t o I n s t it u c io n a l. b. A d e c u a r la a in c o r p o r a r c u a lq u i e r c u a lq u ie r c o r r e s p o n d ié n d o m e a d a p t a c io n e s con fo rm a to s is t e m a com o la o de t e c n o lo g í a s e g u r id a d A u to r(a ) f in a li d a d de la que de p a ra uso r e s p o n s a b i lid a d no se en in t e r n e t , d o c u m e n to s de v e la r d e s n a t u r a lic e el así com o e le c t r ó n ic o s , por d ic h a s c o n t e n id o o s e n t id o d e la m is m a . M a c h a la , 1 9 d e n o v ie m b r e d e 2 0 1 5 G U T IÉ R R E Z C E V A L L O S L IZ B E T H M A R IE L A C .I. 0 7 0 6 7 2 3 7 5 6 II E V A L U A T IO N P A G E O R V E R E D IC T A f t e r w e h a v e r e a d a n d c h e c k e d t o t a l ly t h e p r e s e n t w o r k , a n d m a k e o b s e r v a t io n s w e p ro c e e d to : C h a m b a Z . J o h n M a rc e lo Z a ld ú a M . E d d y M a rs h e l ID : 0 7 0 2 0 1 8 1 7 7 ID : 0 7 0 2 6 4 0 1 0 3 C h a m a i d a n R . M a r i a C e c il i a ID : 0 7 0 3 7 7 4 0 3 4 III D E D IC A T IO N A s w it h e v e r y t h in g I d o , I a m h o n o u r e d t o d e d ic a t e t h is p a r t ic u la r w o r k t o m y p a r e n t s , t h e t w o p e o p le t h a t h a v e p r o v id e d m e w it h t h e t o o ls a n d v a lu e s n e e d e d t o b e w h e r e I am to d a y . M y p a re nts s u p p o rt m e in e v e r y d e c is io n and s te p I t a k e . H o w e v e r , it is n e c e s s a r y t o u n d e r s t a n d t h a t t h e y a llo w m e t a k e m y o w n d e c is io n s in o r d e r f o r m e t o le a r n fro m m y m is t a k e s . A s m y fath e r a lw a y s says, “ le a r n and g ro w from each s e a t b a c k ” . I w ill n e v e r c e a s e t o t h a n k m y f a t h e r a n d m o t h e r f o r a ll t h e o p p o r t u n it ie s t h a t t h e y h a v e o f f e r e d m e , f o r a ll t h e t e a c h in g s t h e y h a v e in s t ille d in m e a n d f o r e v e r y p ie c e o f a d v ic e t h a t h a s c o m e o u t o f t h e ir m o u t h s . I a m s o t h a n k f u l t o t h e m f o r p u t t in g t h e ir t r u s t in m e t o d o w e ll in u n iv e r s it y a n d a c h ie v e a h ig h e r e d u c a t io n . IV A C K N O W LE D G E M E N T I w o u ld lik e to e x p re s s m y d e e p e s t a p p r e c ia t io n p o s s ib i lit y t o c o m p le t e t h is r e p o r t . M a r c e lo C ham ba e n c o u ra g e m e n t, L a s t b u t n o t th e Z a m b ra n o , to a ll t h o s e w ho p r o v id e d m e th e A s p e c ia l g r a t it u d e I g iv e t o o u r t e a c h e r , L c . J o h n w hos e c o n t r ib u t io n in s t im u la t in g s u g g e s tio n s an d h e lp e d m e t o c o o r d in a t e a n d w r it in g t h is r e p o r t. le a s t , I w o u ld lik e to t h a n k m y f a m ily : m y p a r e n t s , s is t e r s b e c a u s e t h e y h a v e s u p p o r t e d m e s p ir it u a lly t h r o u g h o u t m y lif e . V F A C T O R S T H A T H IN D E R S T U D E N T S T O C LA S S R O O M R E C O G N IS E A N D P R O D U C E S O M E L A N G U A G E E X P R E S S IO N S T O T A L K W IT H T H E T E A C H E R A N D C LA S S M A TE S A u t h o r : L iz b e t h M a r ie la G u t ié r r e z C e v a llo s . P r o f e s s o r G u id e : J o h n M a r c e lo C h a m b a Z a m b r a n o . The o v e r a l l o b je c t iv e of th e p re s e n t w o rk is to d e t e r m in e s t u d e n t s t o r e c o g n is e a n d p r o d u c e s o m e c la s s r o o m c la s s . “ C la s s r o o m la n g u a g e ” re fe rs to ty p e s of th e fa c to rs th a t h in d e r la n g u a g e e x p r e s s i o n s t o t a lk i n la n g u a g e in any s it u a t io n in th e c la s s r o o m . T h is is t a lk e d b e t w e e n t h e t e a c h e r a n d t h e le a r n e r s . T h e n e c e s s it y t o u s e s o m e c la s s r o o m la n g u a g e e x p r e s s io n s t h a t w o u l d h e l p w it h t h e in t e r a c t io n b e t w e e n t e a c h e r - s t u d e n t m a k e s t h e le a r n in g e n v ir o n m e n t a n e f f e c t iv e in s t r u m e n t t o le a r n t h e la n g u a g e used r e c o g n is in g by th e te a c h e r e x p r e s s io n s , in th e h in d e r i n g a c la s s r o o m ; good g iv e n th a t, c o m m u n ic a t io n th e stu d e n ts b e tw e e n a re not th e m . F o r th e d e v e lo p m e n t o f t h is p r o je c t , s t u d e n t s w ill h a v e a g u id e d p r o c e s s , w h e r e b y t h e y w o u l d a p p r o p r ia t e a t le a s t s o m e b a s ic e x p r e s s io n s a n d c o m m a n d s b y in s t r u c t io n s , g a m e s , in t e r a c t iv it y le a r n t in b e g in n i n g and th e o th e r re s o u rc e s c la s s r o o m . U s in g f o r e n c o u r a g in g a n d fo r th e m t h a t w ill le t th e som e c la s s ro o m s tu d e n ts to fe e l m o re u n d e r s t a n d in g la n g u a g e e x p r e s s io n s c o m f o r t a b le in a f o r e ig n is a hav e goo d la n g u a g e t o b e g in t o t h in k in t h a t la n g u a g e . T h e m o r e t im e s t h e y u s e t h e p h r a s e s a n d c la s s r o o m e x p r e s s io n s , t h e c o m f o r t a b le t h e y w ill b e . K ey c la s s r o o m W o rd s: o f w h a t th e y la n g u a g e , te a c h e r, s tu d e n ts, c o m m u n ic a t io n , f o r e ig n la n g u a g e . VI F A C T O R E S Q U E IM P ID E N Q U E L O S A L U M N O S R E C O N O Z C A N Y P R O D U Z C A N A LG U N A S C LA S S R O O M L A N G U A G E E X P R E S S IO N S P A R A C O M U N IC A R S E C O N S U M A E S T R O Y C O M P A Ñ E R O S A u t o r a : L iz b e t h M a r ie la G u t ié r r e z C e v a llo s . P r o f e s o r G u í a : J o h n M a r c e lo C h a m b a Z a m b r a n o . E l o b je t iv o g e n e r a l d e l p r e s e n t e t r a b a jo e s d e t e r m in a r lo s f a c t o r e s q u e im p id e n q u e lo s e s t u d ia n t e s r e c o n o z c a n y p r o d u z c a n a lg u n a s e x p r e s io n e s d e le n g u a je e n e l a u la . L e n g u a je d e a u la se r e f ie r e a t ip o s de le n g u a je en c u a lq u ie r s it u a c ió n de la c la s e . P u e d e s e r h a b la d o e n t r e e l p r o f e s o r y lo s a lu m n o s , o e n t r e lo s m is m o s e s t u d ia n t e s . L a n e c e s id a d d e u t iliz a r a lg u n a s e x p r e s io n e s d e le n g u a je e n tre p r o f e s o r - a lu m n o hace que e l a m b ie n t e de q u e a y u d e n l a in t e r a c c ió n a p r e n d iz a je sea u na in s t r u m e n t o e f ic a z p a r a a p r e n d e r e l id io m a u t il iz a d o p o r e l p r o f e s o r ; t e n ie n d o e n c u e n t a q u e , lo s e s t u d ia n t e s no e s tá n r e c o n o c ie n d o e x p r e s io n e s , im p id ie n d o u na buen a c o m u n ic a c ió n e n t r e e l lo s . P a r a e l d e s a r r o llo d e e s t e p r o y e c t o lo s e s t u d ia n t e s t e n d r á n un p ro c e s o g u ia d o , e n e l cual se a p r o p ia r á n de a l m enos a lg u n a s e x p r e s io n e s y c o m a n d o s b á s ic o s m e d ia n t e i n s t r u c c io n e s , ju e g o s , la in t e r a c t iv id a d y o t r o s r e c u r s o s que p e r m it a n la c o m p r e n s ió n de lo que han a p r e n d id o en e l a u la . U sar a lg u n a s e x p r e s io n e s d e le n g u a je d e a u la e s u n b u e n c o m ie n z o p a r a a n im a r a lo s e s t u d ia n t e s a s e n t ir s e m á s c ó m o d o s e n u n id io m a e x t r a n je r o y p a r a q u e e llo s e m p ie c e n a p e n s a r e n e s e id io m a . C u a n t a s m á s v e c e s e ll o s u s e n la s f r a s e s y e x p r e s io n e s d e a u la , m á s c ó m o d o s s e s e n t ir á n . P a la b ra s c la v e : le n g u a je de a u la , p ro fe s o r, e s t u d ia n t e s , c o m u n ic a c ió n , id io m a e x t r a n je r o . V II IN D E X C o v e r .................................................................................................................. F r o n t is p ie c e ....................................................................................................... I II E v a lu a t io n p a g e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I II D e d ic a t io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV A c k n o w le d g e m e n t .............................................................................................. V A b s tra c ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V I - V II In d e x ............................................................................................................... V III I n t r o d u c t io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 D e v e lo p m e n t R e s u lt s .....................................................................................................1 0 ..............................................................................................................1 5 C o n c lu s io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 B ib l io g r a p h y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 V III 1. IN T R O D U C T IO N E v e r y t im e w h e n w e t e a c h a n o t h e r la n g u a g e , t h e o b je c t iv e o f a t e a c h e r is t o u s e t h e t a r g e t la n g u a g e a s m u c h a s h e c a n . W h e n s t u d y in g a d a y in th e is t h r o u g h m ost com m on w a y s t h a t la n g u a g e a r e r e f e r r e d t o a s c la s s r o o m “ C la s s r o o m be used d a ily r o u t in e s ; t h e s e la n g u a g e . la n g u a g e is t h a t c o lle c t io n o f p h r a s e s u s e d f o r c o m m u n ic a t io n a m o n g te a c h e r a n d s tu d e n ts , fr o m b a th ro o m ? ) c la s s r o o m can t h e c la s s r o o m , o n e o f W h ile ( O p e n y o u r b o o k s t o p a g e f ift e e n ) t o ( M a y I g o t o t h e e m p h a s is is u s u a l ly p la c e d p r im a r ily la n g u a g e , t o o , c a n b e a n in v a lu a b le c o m m u n ic a t io n , s t u d e n t in v o lv e m e n t in th e on th e t a r g e t la n g u a g e , w a y o f p r o m o t in g le s s o n , a n d a c t iv e E n g l is h a s r e a l la n g u a g e le a r n in g s k ills ” . ( L o u w e r s e , 2 0 0 1 ) . O th e r w o rd s th e te a c h e r c a n use th e s e e x p r e s s io n as an o p p o r t u n it y or chance to m a x im iz e t h e t a r g e t la n g u a g e u s e a n d s t im u la t e it s u s e b y s t u d e n t s e v e r y s in g le d a y in t h e c la s s r o o m “ C la s s r o o m easy to e x p r e s s io n s can u n d e rs ta n d , e a s y be to a r ic h s o u rc e of new la n g u a g e f o r o u r p u p i ls u s e , p u r p o s e f u l la n g u a g e ; a ll t h a t is needed e f f o r t o n o u r p a r t t o in c o r p o r a t e t h e m in t o o u r t e a c h in g a n d e x p lo it t h e m is - th e t o t h e f u ll. ” ( B o r ja , M ille r , P a í n , & P o m e t , 2 0 1 4 ) . U n f o r t u n a t e ly la n g u a g e a re e x p r e s s io n s , c la s s m a t e s . m o t iv a t io n th e re The o f th e la c k stu d e n ts w ho c r e a t in g a of use of te a c h e r, th e do poor som e use not r e c o g n is e and c o m m u n ic a t io n c la s s r o o m use w it h t h e ir e x p r e s s io n s o f m o th er to n g u e in s t e a d som e it ’s o f th e c la s s r o o m te a c h e r an d because poor t a r g e t la n g u a g e ( E n g lis h ) in e a c h c la s s . C o n s e q u e n tly e x p re s s io n s it is in c o m m u n ic a tio n s tu d e n ts la n g u a g e . c o u ld In n eces sary each in use c la s s , th is c la s s . If th e th e te a c h e r a d d it io n , if t h e s tu d y b u t s h o w s th e th a t te a c h e rs w ay every te a c h e r m a k e as an o f th e s tu d e n t a th e la n g u a g e a or m odel la n g u a g e b y u s in g s p e c ia l u s e w ill p ro p e r u s e e x a m p le te a c h e r tre a ts im p o r t a n c e en co u rag e not succeed o f th e fo r o f b a s ic a la n g u a g e p r o d u c t io n ju s t a s a b e tte r d a ily , of th e s u b je c t fo r it , s t u d e n t s w ill b e m o re lik e ly t o a c h ie v e a b e t t e r a p p r e c ia t io n o f it . 9 2. The n e c e s s it y in v o lv e s th e u s in g to m ake m o re m e a n in g fu l t o o ls t h a t p e r m it t o e d u c a t io n a l D E V E LO P M E N T e n v ir o n m e n t . to a s s im ila t e C la s s r o o m le a r n an a f o r e ig n a p p ro a c h e x p r e s s io n s u n d e r s t a n d t h e E n g l is h la n g u a g e in t h e c la s s r o o m la n g u a g e , q u ic k ly a n d as m a in E n g l is h , e a s ily ax es w it h i n h e lp to e v e r y s in g le d a y . A q u ic k l in k w it h t h e e x p r e s s io n s w il l a llo w t h e s t u d e n t s t o m a k e u s e o f t h e la n g u a g e t h a t s o m e t im e s it is in e x p l ic a b le . 2 .1 C la s s ro o m “ C la s s r o o m c la s s r o o m Language. la n g u a g e lik e is g iv in g th e r o u t in e la n g u a g e t h a t is used on in s t r u c t io n s o f p r a is e , f o r e x a m p le : t a k e a r e g u la r b a s is in out your books or p le a s e s it d o w n . T h is is la n g u a g e t h a t t e a c h e r s a r e u s e d t o u s in g a n d s t u d e n t s a r e u s e d t o h e a r in g , b u t w h e n t e a c h in g a la n g u a g e it t a k e s a w h ile t o le a r n t h is p a r t o f t h e la n g u a g e . ” ( B ila s h , 2 0 0 9 ) A c c o r d in g w h a t I 'v e q u o t e d b e f o r e t h e u s e o f c la s s r o o m la n g u a g e r e d u c e t h e u s e o r m o t h e r t o n g u e a n d in c r e a s e t h e u s e o f t h e t a r g e t la n g u a g e in t h e s t u d e n t s ; it m a k e s t h e la n g u a g e c la s s r o o m e n v ir o n m e n t m o r e a u t h e n t ic . 2 .2 T e a c h in g c la s s ro o m T h e re a re la n g u a g e t e a c h e r s t h a t e x p e r ie n c e in to a t e a c h e r s le a r n e d w id e - o p e n ju s t by la n g u a g e p o s e a c h a lle n g e . to le s s o n . th e and ( B a s h ir , A z e e m , & o u t w h a t th e second a u t h e n t ic lis t e n in g The d if f ic u lt ie s w h e n d if f ic u lt y la n g u a g e c la s s r o o m r e p e a t in g . is lie s The in in t h e m s e lv e s la n g u a g e . “ W e D o g a r, 2 0 1 1 ). T h e c o r r e c t la n g u a g e o fte n te a c h e r t r y in g th a t c re a te m any o r u s e c la s s r o o m second la n g u a g e adopt a a re not to s p e a k o u r m o th e r to n g u e te a c h e rs m u s t m a k e o rd e r to add a f t e r t h e ir c h ild h o o d , s o le a r n can to th e sam e an n a tu ra l s p e c ia l w o r k g e n u in e e x p e r ie n c e to w a y ”. seek f o r t h e ir s tu d e n ts . N o r m a lly s t u d e n t s f in d d if f ic u lt i e s w h e n t a r g e t la n g u a g e ´ s f o r m in t h e ir m o t h e r t o n g u e ; s t u d e n t s m u s t le a r n t o r e c e iv e does not m ake sens e t h a t d if f e r e n t la n g u a g e s w o r k in d is s im i la r w a y s . 10 2 .3 T e a c h in g c la s s ro o m W e s h o u ld la n g u a g e re m e m b e r th ro u g h c la s s r o o m la n g u a g e th a t t h e ir m any te a c h e r a c t iv it ie s w h ic h t h e m . ” ( B o r ja , M ille r , P a in , & o n ly s c h o o l. “ W it h in expose c a t e g o r ie s : s o n g s , g a m e s , a r t s s tu d e n ts th e m and to th e have v e ry new m anner l ik e a in s t ig a t e u s in g c la s s r o o m H e re w e have som e young la n g u a g e c r a f t s , s t o r y t e llin g and w it h th e le a r n e r s , f a ll in t o d ra m a E n g lis h p o s s ib l e s e v e ra l b ro a d and s p e a k in g to P o m e t ) . F o r t h is r e a s o n , w e h a v e t o t r y t o t a k e b e n e f it a b o u t t h e o p p o r t u n it ie s w e h a v e in c la s s t o u s e E n g lis h p u rp o s e fu l c o n ta c t p a rt of a u t h e n t ic in a m e a n in g f u l, n a t u r a l a n d c o m m u n ic a t io n , so it ’s im p o r t a n t to la n g u a g e in E n g lis h r ig h t f r o m t h e b e g in n in g o f e v e r y c la s s . s t r a t e g ie s le a r n in g o f s o m e c la s s r o o m th a t a te a c h e r can use in c la s s to f a c ilit a t e th e la n g u a g e e x p r e s s io n s : S c a f f o ld e d w a y . ( S t e p b y s t e p ) . It m e a n s t h e t e a c h e r c o u ld s t a r t w it h e a s y a n d s h o r t c o m m a n d s lik e fo r “ S it ” . A f t e r t h a t t h e e x a m p le : “ s it d o w n , p le a s e ” . F in a lly te a c h e r c a n th e s a y a lo n g e r c o m m a n d t e a c h e r c o u ld use and a lt e r n a t e a n o t h e r w o r d s t h a t m e a n t h e s a m e t h in k . A s soon as you in t r o d u c e th e p h ra s e s , u s e th e m . T ry to a p p ly a ll o f t h e m e v e r y c la s s s o t h e s t u d e n t s a r e g o in g t o b e a b le t o u s e t h e m “M a k e s u re th e s tu d e n ts k n o w w h a t t h is la n g u a g e t h e le a r n in g p r o c e s s ; t h e y s h o u ld k n o w in a s w e ll. is f o r . D o n ’t le a v e th e m out of t h a t t h e m o r e t h e y u s e t h e la n g u a g e , t h e m o r e t h e y w ill d e v e lo p a n d t h a t t h e s e f o r m s a r e m e a n t t o h e lp u s e t h e la n g u a g e in t h e m o s t n a t u r a l w a y p o s s ib le . ” ( B ila s h , 2 0 0 9 ) 2 .4 E x p lo it cla s s ro o m l a n g u a g e e f f e c ti v e l y . “ B e a r in g in m in d t h e d if f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n S p a n is h a n d E n g lis h s t r e s s , r h y t h m in t o n a t io n , w e t h in k c h u n k s , u s in g th e n a tu ra l a c le a r ly rh y th m and not it ’s e x t r e m e ly a p p r o p r ia t e s tro n g a s p o s s ib le , s o to o q u ic k ly , im p o r t a n t t o and try to and teach spoken w e a k fo rm s , c o n tra c te d use li n k in g try to th e s e w o rd s e x p r e s s io n s in to g e th e r in t o and la n g u a g e form s , a n d in as c la s s s p e a k in g la r g e r u n it s of m e a n in g . ” ( B o r ja , M ille r , P a in , & P o m e t) 11 Y o u h a v e to k n o w t h a t t h e a p p r o p r ia t e s t r e s s a n d in t o n a t io n a re fu n d a m e n ta l to g e t t h e p r o p o s e d m e a n in g a c r o s s , s o f o c u s m o r e o n g e t t in g t h e s e f e a t u r e s r ig h t in s t e a d of th e p e rf e c t g e n u in e p r o n u n c ia t io n of s e p a ra te la n g u a g e , n o t a r t if ic ia lly sounds. C la s s r o o m la n g u a g e p re s e n te d , b u t p a rt of a n y c la s s . is The re a l a n d m e a n in g is c o m m o n ly m a d e p r e t t y c le a r b y c o n t e x t , b u t d o n ’t w o r r y if m a y b e t h e s t u d e n t s d o n o t c o m p re h e n d e v e r y t h in g im m e d ia t e ly . F a c ia l g e s t u r e s o r b o d y la n g u a g e w i ll h e lp to c o m p le m e n t t h e n e w e x p r e s s io n s . T ry to te a c h th e e x p r e s s io n s lit t le s t u d e n t s a lr e a d y u s e t h e m , y o u as m uch as you can th e e ffo rt y o u p o s it iv e and b y l it t le can use and w hen th e m becom e o t h e r w o r d s . S p e a k in f a m il ia r a n d t h e t a r g e t la n g u a g e p r o b a b ly u s e s p a n is h o r t h e m o t h e r t o n g u e c o u ld w ill m a k e a t th e m o m e n t to e x c e ll e n t r e s u lt s , y o u w ill b e speak in s u r p r is e d th e be easy, but t a r g e t la n g u a g e how m uch th e w il l b r in g th e y c a n u n d e rs ta n d t h e w o r d s y o u w e r e s a y in g in e n g l is h . " T a r g e t la n g u a g e p r o m o t e s n a t u r a l a c q u is it io n a n d t h a t u s e o f t h e m o t h e r t o n g u e ( L 1 ) u n d e r m in e s t h is p r o c e s s b y d iv e r t in g a t t e n t io n fro m th e o b je c t of p u p ils ’ le a r n in g . ” ( D ic k s o n , 1996) S o use E n g lis h on e v e ry o c c a s io n , b u t n o t t o t h e m a g n it u d e o f p r o d u c e f r u s tr a t io n a n d in c o m p r e h e n s io n . T h e t e a c h e r h a s t o b u ild u p a r e la t io n s h ip o f c o n f id e n c e a n d a f f e c t io n w it h t h e s t u d e n t s . T h e r e is a t e c h n iq u e y o u c o u ld u s e is c a lle d “ s a n d w ic h in g ” t h a t m e a n s s a y a w o r d o r e x p r e s s io n h e lp to in e n g lis h in t r o d u c e th e n new in s p a n is h e x p r e s s io n s and f in a l ly an d as in soon e n g l is h th e a g a in . I m s tu d e n ts s u re t h is r e c o g n is e w il l an d u n d e r s t a n d it , t h e y w ill u s e it a n d w ill c u t o u t t h e s p a n is h in t h e c la s s e s . A n o t h e r w a y t h a t y o u s h o u ld u s e is t h a t a l w a y s t h e r e is a s t u d e n t s w h o u n d e rs ta n d q u ic k ly s o t h e r e is t h e p o s s ib il it y t o g e t h im / h e r t o t e ll t o t h e r e s t o f t h e c la s s w h a t y o u s a id b e f o r e lik e c h e c k in g h is u n d e r s t a n d in g ( in t h a t w a y , y o u a v o id u s in g t h e m o t h e r t o n g u e ) , b u t g e n e r a lly t r y t o a v o id tr a n s la t io n w it h y o u r s t u d e n t s . R e q u e s t s , c h o ic e s , g a m e s , le a d e r s h ip s e n c o u ra g e o u r s tu d e n ts u s e o f c la s s r o o m to s p e a k in a re e n g lis h d if f e r e n t s t r a t e g ie s and p ro d u c e th a t w e as m uch as can use th e y c a n to th e la n g u a g e . 12 2 . 5 S i t u a ti o n s t h a t y o u c a n u s e c l a s s r o o m T h e re a re m any s it u a t io n s th a t you can la n g u a g e e x p re s s io n s . use c la s s r o o m la n g u a g e an d th e s e e x p r e s s io n s g iv e c o n f id e n c e t o t h e s t u d e n t 's c o m m u n ic a t io n s k ills . G r e e t i n g s a n d f a r e w e ll s : e g . H e llo – g o o d m o r n in g – e n jo y y o u r d a y . S p o n t a n e o u s r e a c t i o n s : e g . T h a n k y o u – c o n g r a t u la t io n s ! G e t t i n g t h e i r a t t e n t i o n : e g . L o o k – p a y a t t e n t io n , p le a s e . - T e llin g th e m to do s o m e th in g : eg. C an you B e q u ie t ! s p e ll t h a t w o r d in E n g lis h ? – re a d th e te x t. E n c o u r a g i n g e x p r e s s i o n s : e g . V e r y w e ll! – g o o d jo b – g o a h e a d . 13 S h o w i n g s y m p a t h y : e g . - D o n 't g e t it , c a n y o u r e p e a t , p le a s e ? C h e c k i n g t h e i r u n d e r s t a n d i n g : e g . I s it c le a r ? - A r e y o u r e a d y ? - W h o k n o w s th e a n s w e r? A s k in g fo r p e rm is s io n : e g . C a n I b o rro w a p e n /e ra s e r/p a p e r? - C an I g o to t h e t o ile t ? 14 R E S U LTS W it h t h e u s e o f s o m e c la s s r o o m c o m m u n ic a t io n la n g u a g e in e x p r e s s io n s t h e t e a c h e r a n d s t u d e n t s c r e a t e a g o o d e v e r y c la s s . I f t h e d a i ly , s t u d e n t s w o n ’t u s e t e a c h e r is n o t a b le w h a t te a c h e r s a y s to show as an p ro p e r u s e e x a m p le o f th e o r m o d e l fo r p r o d u c t io n . T h e t e a c h e r a s a m o d e l c a n s t a r t u s in g t h o s e im p o r t a n t e x p r e s s io n s in e v e r y c la s s , in th a t w a y th e s tu d e n t a d o p te d th o s e n ew p h ra s e s o r e x p r e s s io n s . T h e use o f th e t a r g e t la n g u a g e in s t e a d o f t h e m o t h e r t o n g u e f o r c e s s t u d e n t s t o u s e it. H o w e v e r t h e m a in p u rp o s e is to id e n t if y p r o d u c e s o m e c la s s r o o m th o s e fa c to rs th a t h in d e r s tu d e n ts to r e c o g n is e an d e x p r e s s io n s t o t a lk w it h t h e t e a c h e r a n d c la s s m a t e s . T h r o u g h t h is r e s e a r c h I h a v e d e t e c t e d t h a t t h e t e a c h e r u s e t h e m o t h e r t o n g u e m o r e t h a n t a r g e t la n g u a g e , s o t h e s t u d e n t s d o n ´ t r e c e iv e t h e e n o u g h e n c o u r a g e t o u s e a t le a s t som e b a s ic e x p r e s s io n s . S om e stu d e n ts a re sham ed to speak in E n g lis h b e c a u s e t h e y d o n ’t f e e l c o m f o r t a b le . A t t h e b e g in n in g o f a c la s s t h e t e a c h e r ju s t s a y s “ h e llo e v e r y o n e ” o r “ g o o d m o r n in g ” as a g r e e t in g , b u t t h e r e a re o t h e r u s e f u l e x p r e s s io n s o r p h r a s e s t h a t t h e y c a n use t r y in g t o k e e p a g o o d c o m m u n ic a t io n w it h t h e s t u d e n t s . T h e r e a r e a lo t o f c la s s r o o m e v e ry s t u d e n t . T h a t ’s w hy e x p r e s s io n s t h a t c a n h e lp t o in c r e a s e t h e v o c a b u la r y o f th e s tu d e n ts are lim it e d to a n s w e r th e sam e w ay e v e ry g r a m m a t ic a l s t r u c t u r e s , b u t : H o w about day. The m o s t o f te a c h e rs are fo c u s e d to te a c h t h e m o t iv a t io n t o s p e a k in E n g lis h ? H o w a b o u t t h e u s e o f c la s s r o o m e x p r e s s io n s ? I s t h e r e w h e n it b e c o m e s a n e c e s s it y t o c h a n g e t h e c u r r e n t m e t h o d o lo g y a n d a p p ly a new one a c t iv it ie s fe a rs , th a t to can c re a te in s e c u r it y p ro m o te a and o r a l c o m m u n ic a t io n , t h e re la x e d a tm o s p h e re n e rv o u s n e s s about th a t h e lp s s p e a k in g in use th e of gam es s tu d e n ts E n g l is h w it h i n and e n jo y a b le o v e rc o m e a t h e ir c o o p e r a t iv e e n v ir o n m e n t . 15 The use of TP R m e th o d can h e lp th e s tu d e n ts to get in v o lv e w it h th e la n g u a g e b e c a u s e , “ t h is m e t h o d a t t e m p t s t o c e n t e r a t t e n t io n t o e n c o u r a g in g l e a r n e r s t o l is t e n and re s p o n d to th e spoke n t a r g e t la n g u a g e c o m m a n d s o f t h e ir t e a c h e r s . ” ( B a h a s a D a n S e n i, 2 0 0 5 ) T h e t e a c h e r h a s t o u s e d if f e r e n t w a y s t o m o t iv a t e t h e u s e o f c la s s r o o m d u r in g c l a s s e s , in th o s e t h a t w a y s t u d e n t s a r e g o in g t o b e a b le t o r e c o g n is e e x p r e s s io n s w it h o u t f e a r a n d f e e lin g m o re c o m f o r t a b le e x p r e s s io n s a n d p ro d u c e a t th e m o m e n t to use t h e m . U s in g w a ll d is p la y s w i ll h e lp in e v e r y le s s o n , b e c a u s e a s le a r n e r s g e t o ld e r , t h e t e a c h e r c o u ld in tro d u c e som e o f th e e x p r e s s io n s th e y a re a lr e a d y w r it t e n f o r m . I f w e m a k e s o m e c a r d b o a r d s t r ip s a n d w e p u t t h e m e x p r e s s io n s c le a r ly w r it t e n , f o r e x a m p le : “ M a y I g o t h a t w e c o u ld s t ic k t h e m to o n t h e w a l l, a n d p o in t t o t h e m t h e e x p r e s s io n s . T h is w i ll h e lp s t u d e n t s t o r e c o g n is e t h a t e x p r e s s io n w it h t h e s p o k e n f o r m , m a k in g t h e th e f a m i lia r w it h in o n t h e w a l l w it h t h e b a t h r o o m , p le a s e ? ” a f t e r w h e n w e o r th e s tu d e n ts u s e a n d a s s o c ia t e t h e w a y t o le a r n in g o f c la s s r o o m w r it e e x p r e s s io n s e a s ie r . 16 C O N C L U S IO N I n c o n c lu s io n , t h e im m e d ia t e p r a c t ic a lit y o f u s e o f c la s s r o o m la n g u a g e h e lp s s t u d e n t s t o a p p r e c ia t e E n g lis h a s a g e n u i n e c o m m u n ic a t io n d e v e lo p i n g t h e ir c o n f id e n c e a t t h e m o m e n t to use speak and use c la s s r o o m o f e x p r e s s io n s , r e in f o r c e d w it h la n g u a g e . T h r o u g h a d iv e r s it y th e r e g u la r a n d o f n o n -v e rb a l p ro m p ts , te a c h e rs c a n h e lp s t u d e n t s t o u n d e r s t a n d , r e c o g n is e a n d e n jo y u s in g c la s s r o o m The am ount m o t iv a t io n of spoken o f th e E n g lis h g r o u p , le s s o n in c la s s p la n s a n d depends on m any la n g u a g e . fa c to rs e x e r c is e s p e r f o r m e d w it h such th e t y p e o f e x e r c is e s a n d t e a c h e r in v o lv e m e n t in t h e p r o c e s s o f e n c o u r a g in g E n g lis h . M aybe m o t iv a t io n and it a c o u ld good be a d if f ic u lt w o rk n u m b e r o f in t e r e s t in g o r g a n iz e d at f ir s t but e x e r c is e s to I t h in k th e th a t as th e g ro u p , th e th e u s e o f w it h enoug h s tu d e n ts th e te a c h e r c a n h a n d le t h is w o r k . L a s t b u t n o t le a s t it ’s v e r y im p o r t a n t t o f a m ilia r iz e o r in t r o d u c e f r o m t h e b e g in n in g o f t h e le s s o n , a c la s s r o o m la n g u a g e t h a t c a n b e u s e d in a n a t u r a l , e a s y w a y , s o t h e s t u d e n t s c a n a d o p t E n g lis h a s a n im p o r t a n t t o o l t o c o m m u n ic a t e i n c la s s . 17 B IB L IO G R A P H Y B a h a s a D a n S e n i, T . ( 2 0 0 5 ) . T e a c h in g C h i ld r e n U s in g a T o t a l P h y s ic a l R e s p o n s e . B a s h ir , M . , A z e e m , M ., & D o g a r , A . H . ( 2 0 1 1 ) . F a c t o r E f f e c t in g S t u d e n t s ’ E n g lis h S p e a k in g S k ills . B ila s h , O . ( 2 0 0 9 , M a y ) . B e s t o f B ila s h . R e t r ie v e d f r o m h t t p : / / w w w . e d u c . u a lb e r t a .c a / s t a f f / o le n k a .b ila s h / b e s t % 2 0 o f % 2 0 b ila s h / c la s s r o o m % 2 0 la n g u a g e .h tm l B o r ja , A . , M ille r , F . , P a ín , A . , & P o m e t , J . ( 1 8 d e S e p t e m b e r d e 2 0 1 4 ) . S c r i b d I n c . O b t e n id o d e h t t p : / / e s . s c r ib d . c o m / d o c / 2 4 0 1 4 7 6 2 1 / F r a s e s - I n t e r a c t u a r - A u la - I n g le s # s c r ib d B o r ja , A . , M ill e r , F . , P a in , M . A ., & P o m e t , J. ( s .f .) . Q u a d e r n s D ig i t a ls . O b t e n id o d e h t t p : / / w w w . q u a d e r n s d ig it a ls . n e t / d a t o s _ w e b / b ib lio t e c a / l_ 2 5 0 / e n L in e a / 8 . p d f D ic k s o n , P . ( 1 9 9 6 ) . U s in g t h e t a r g e t la n g u a g e : A v ie w f r o m t h e c la s s r o o m . N F E R , 1 . L o u w e r s e , M . ( 2 0 0 1 , J u n e 1 5 ) . e lt n e w s . c o m . R e t r ie v e d f r o m h t t p : / / w w w . e lt n e w s . c o m /f e a t u r e s / k id s _ w o r ld / 2 0 0 1 / 0 6 / e n c o u r a g in g _ c la s s r o o m _ la n g u a g e . h tm l 18