! ! " # !$ % # !& # ' = ( ) & * +, $ -+ $ ., "/+,-+., 0 '1 2 3 (4 5 )4 &4 6 *7 *7 4 5 $ *8"3 9 25 *78:9 1 8 ;8:9 = 9 < ≤ !" 1* 3 = ( ∑ < = , ( ) = 1 3 ( = ∑ = 1 * 3 = ( = ∑ − < = ( ) 12 3 = ( ∑ − = * 3 ( ( = ∑ − = ∑ − = = = < = ( = ( ∑ − ( = − = , = 1* 3 ( = − −( ∑ = = = = − ( −( > ; = 1 − 1 6 "5 )2 $3 = − 3 = ( ∑ − = = ( ∑ − ) + = = = ( = − ) + = ∑= ∑= ∑ = = − ) + = ( − = ∑= ∑= = ( ∑ − = − = = ( $ ? ! 2 # ? $ ? $ $ ? $ $ $ ? $*3 •4 3 ( ( = ∑ $ ? = ∑ ? = = •4 2 3 = ( ∑ $ = ( ∑ ? = = = ( ∑ − $ = ( ∑ ? − ? = = •4 3 = ( ∑ ? $ = ( ∑ − ? − ? = = •4 3 = ( ( = = ∑ − ? − ? = ∑ ? − ? = •1 = !"#$%&'( !) * # , ( ) & 6 = # (7@ &7@ &7@ (7@ %* 2 *3 ( 8 = $ ) 8 = + $ & 8 = $ A 8 = B 8 = − $ + 8 = ) − $ 8 = # $ )*+,-." 4 2 3 # , ( ) & # , ( ) & $ 6 = # (7@ &7@ &7@ (7@ 6 = # (7@ &7@ &7@ (7@ 4 * 3 , (7+A &7+A &7+A (7+A ( &7+A .7+A .7+A &7+A 7 , ( ⇒ ) & 6 = # $ = # = 6 = # 6 = # ⇒ ) &7+A .7+A .7+A &7+A & (7+A &7+A &7+A (7+A 42 2 *3 # $ # 6 = # $ = # (7+A , $ , &7+A , $ ( &7+A , $ ) (7+A , $ & &7+A ( $ , .7+A ( $ ( .7+A ( $ ) &7+A ( $ & ) $ , &7+A ) $ ( .7+A ) $ ) .7+A ) $ & &7+A & $ , (7+A & $ ( &7+A & $ ) &7+A & $ & (7+A 8 8 , , ,CB ( ( ) (B & C ,CB ( ( ) (B & C ) A ( ) C (B & ) A )CB B C (B & ) A )CB B & + 8 , ,C)B ( )C)B ,C)B , ,C)B ( ( ,C)B , ,C)B )C)B ( ,C)B , 8 8 8 8 , , , , ,CB −( −( ( ) −) −) ) A CB −& −& & ,CB ( ) ( , , ( ( ,CB −( , ) ) ) −( & ) ) A ) ,CB ( & ) , , ) ) ,CB −( ( & A CB & + & ) ) B & ,CB ( A & , , & & •;" * $ ) $ &3 ( 8 = = + 7) ⇒ 8 ) $ & = ) + &7) = )CB ) = + ⇒ = + = & 8 = = ( ∑ − = ( − + − ⇒ ) ) = ⇒ 8 ) $ & = ( ) − )CB + & − )CB = ,C)B ) A 8 = = ( ∑ − = − + − ⇒ ) −( = ⇒ 8 ) $ & = ) − )CB + & − )CB = ,CB B = − ⇒ = − = − + = − ⇒ = − = - = ⇒ = = 4 ) $ & "(B # !) (4 * 8 = 3 , ,CB ( (B C ) )CB & 6 8 = (7+A +7+A (B7+A ),7+A (B7+A +7+A (7+A ;" = = 3 = ( $ & ) $ ) & $( )3 6 8 = ) = 6 = ( $ = & + 6 = ) $ = ) + 6 = & $ = ( = = & + . + & = (B +A +A +A +A %" 13 1 8 = 1 ( + = ( 1 + 1 = ( (B C + (B C = (B C ) ) ) 1 = 1 = , ( + ( & + ) & + & ( = (B C ∀ = ( ) @ @ @ @ ; 8 = ; ( + = ( ; + ; = ( ,C-B + ,C-B = & ) A A @ ; = ; = 1 − 1 = & − (B C = ,C-B ∀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− 1 8 = )A − )A = (B +A +A +A 1 8 = , ), + ,C)B &, + ( () + )C)B ) = )A +A +A +A +A +A A4 * 8 = 3 , ,CB ) A CB 6 8 = ),7+A &,7+A ()7+A )7+A ;" = = 3 = , $ ) ( $ & ) $ , & $ ( )3 6 8 = ) = 6 = , $ = ) + 6 = ( $ = & + + 6 = ) $ = , + 6 = & $ = ( = & + & + & + & = () +A +A +A +A +A %" 6 ! = 7 − ($ * = 8 = = ) = ) 8 1 3 1 8 = 1 ) 8 = ) 1 8 = ) )A7+A = A@7+A ; 8 = ; ) 8 = A ; 8 = A (B7+A = +,7+A B4 * = − 3 −& −) −( , ( ) & 6 8 = (7+A +7+A (B7+A ),7+A (B7+A +7+A (7+A ; " = − = 3 = − , $ ) ( $ & − 3 13 6 8 = −) = 6 = , $ = ) + 6 = ( $ = & = & + & = + +A +A +A %" 1 8 = 1 − = 1 − 1 = , 1 = 1 ; 8 = ; − = ; + ; = (B C ; = ; = ,C-B ∀ = ( ) +4 * = − 3 −& −) −( , ( ) & A B + 6 8 = (7+A &7+A +7+A (,7+A ()7+A ()7+A (,7+A +7+A &7+A (7+A ;" = − = 3 = − , $(( $ & − 3 6 8 = −) = 6 = , $ = ( + 6 = ( $ = & = & + & = + +A +A +A %" 13 1 8 = 1 ) − = ) 1 − 1 = ) (B C − (B C = (B C 1 = 1 = (B C ; 8 = ; ) − = A ; + ; = &C-B ; = ; = ,C-B ∀ = ( ) -4 * = 3 , ( ) & 6 8 = (7+A (B7+A &&7+A (B7+A ;" = = 3 = , $ ( ( $ , ( $( (3 6 8 = ( = 6 = , $ = ( + 6 = ( $ = , + 6 = ( $ = ( = = & + & + . = (B +A +A +A +A %" 13 1 8 = , ( + ( (B + ) && + & (B = ()+ +A +A +A +A +A ; 8 = 1 8 − 1 8 = )@) − ()+ +A +A 1 8 = , ( + ( (B + ) && + & (B = )@) +A +A +A +A +A )/ & 0 1 0 2/3/435 !"#$%&'& ! ( %* * D ) %* # ? & %* = − A * = # = ) # # ∈E , $ (F B 1A*2 6 ? ≤ ,C( $ 6 ? > ,C. $ 6 D ≤ ,C( $ 6 D > ,C. $ 6 > ≤ ,CB )*+,-." G # !$ 2 ( = ! 3 G 5 = 6 D ≤ 5 = 6 * $ $ ≤ 5 = = ( − 6 * $ $ > 5 = ( − 6 > 5 $ $ > 5 = = ( − ∏ 6 > 5 = ( − ( − G 5 = 6 > 5 = 6 > 5 = ( − G 5 ∀ = ( ) • " # D3 G 5 − G 5 − = ( − G 5 5 = = ( − G 5 5 5 5 G 5 = ( − ( − G 5 G 575 = 5 •8' " # D*3 − +∞ 6 5 < D < 5 + 5 = 5 5 = 5 5 + # # ⇒ 1* " 6 5 $ 5 + 5 6 − # + $# ⇒ 5 = 5 +∞ # # − = ( − G5 − 5 +∞ # # = ( − G 5 5 +∞ +∞ # # = # # + 5 ' ) = ! 3 G = 6 ? ≤ = 6 # $ $ ≤ = = 6 ≤ $ $ ≤ = ∏ 6 ≤ = G = 6 ≤ = 6 ≤ = G ∀ = ( ) • " ?3 G = G G − G − = G = G = G 7 = •8' " ?*3 6 < ? < + = = −∞ # # − ⇒ 1# " 6 $ + 6 − − − ⇒ = # # = G −∞ # # = G −∞ % &6 = − 2 5 $ D $ ? $3 6 5 < D < 5 + 5 $ < ? < + = 2 5 $ 5 = = − ( 5 5 # # − ⇒ 1* " # " − $/ * $ # − ( 6 5 $ 5 + 5 6 $ + 6 − 5 + 5 $ + 05 ' 5 $ − ⇒ 2 5 $ = − ( 5 # # 5 •H I= > = =? D− D ⇒ ? D= = + > 3 ∂57∂ ∂57∂ = (( ,( = ( ∂7∂ ∂7∂ 4 " $ $ > 3 − + " $ = 2 $ + I = − ( + # # 4 " % >3 = = +∞ " $ = −∞ A # = ) # # ∈E , $ (F 3 G # = 6 ≤ # = ) # # = # • 6 = = ' = 3 − 5 = + 5( − 5 5 ∈E, 3(F − = & G = + ∈E , 3(F 5 = & ( − G 5 •4 2 5 $ D $ ? 3 − = 2 5 $ = & & − ( 5 # # ≤ ≤ = + ) 5 ) ) # # = )A 5 − 5 , ≤ 5 ≤ ( 5 ( = = •H = D− ⇒ D > ? D ? = + > ( " $ $ > 3 " = 2 $ + I = )A + + − = 2 5 $ 5 J , ≤ ≤( = )A + ) + , ≤ ≤(− , ≤ 5 ≤( 5= , ≤ ≤( , ≤ ≤( 5 ≤ ≤ ( = + ⇒ ≤ + ≤ ( ⇒ , ≤ ≤ ( − •% " % >3 ( = +∞ = " $ = = −∞ = − = )A + ) + = = = = () ( − ∈E , $ (F , & + % = ( B G 5 = ( − ( − G 5 G = G G # = # = 3 63 G 5 = ( − ( − 5 $ G = ∗ 6 ? ≤ ,C( = G ,C( = ,C( ∗ 6 ? > ,C. = ( − 6 ? ≤ ,C. = ( − G ,C. = ( − ,C. ∗ 6 D ≤ ,C( = G ,C( = ( − ( − ,C( ∗ 6 D > ,C. = ( − 6 D ≤ ,C. = ( − G ,C. = ( − ( − ( − ,C. ∗ 6 > ≤ ,CB = = () ( − = !"#$%&'' % ≈ K , $ σ !)% ' *D83 D = ( + $ 8 = + ) )*+,-." # !)$ K , $ σ 6 *D8 5 0=; D $ 8 = 1 D 8 − 1 D 1 8 = , ∗ 1 D = 1 ( + = ( 1 + 1 = ( , + , = , ) ) ) ∗ 1 D 8 = 1 ( + + = ) = ( 1 + + + = ) = ( 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = ) = ( 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 = , ) K,$ σ 21 = 1 = 1 = 1 = , !"#$%&'6 ( 1 !B # * ) 0/ ( )*+,-." ( ≈ 1# # ! B$ 1# = = > = − > 2 5 $ D $ ? 3 6 5 < D < 5 + 5 $ < ? < + = 2 5 $ 5 = − ⇒ = BB − ( 5 5 # # 1* " B # " − $/ * $ # BB − ( 6 5 $ 5 + 5 6 $ + 6 − 5 + 5 $ + 05 ' 5 $ 5 ⇒ 2 5 $ = ), 5 # # ⇒ ≈ 1# # = − # > , − # = − − − = ), − = = ), − + − − − , < 5 ≤ ⇒ 2 5 $ = ), − − •H > = =? D− D ⇒ ? D= = + > 3 I= ∂57∂ ∂57∂ ( , = ( ( =( ∂7∂ ∂7∂ 4 " $ $ > 3 " $ = 2 $ + I = ), − + + − − − + = 2 5 $ 5 J = ), − − ( − − >≥,, 5>, 5= >, >, 5 ≤ = + ⇒ ≤ + ⇒ ≥ , •4 " % >3 Γ( ( = +∞ − = +∞ − = ( B = = = B = B B = +∞ = +∞ " $ = " $ = = −∞ = = +∞ − = ), − ( − − = = = = A − ( − − +∞ +∞ A − ( − − = = +∞ = ( − − = ( − ( − − !"#$%&'7 )13 6 > > ( = $ ≥ , , ! + ( %* L ) 6 * = # = ) # # ∈E , $ (F & 1)/5L )*+,-." !. (& $(+ $ . $ - $(@ $ + $ @ $ B & 3 & < B < + < - < @ < . < (& < (+ < (@ 6 L /@ NOM '' # 2 L " ( " L3 ) + (M +∞ # # = + # # ⇒ M(M M −∞ = 6 < L < + = 1# 5 5" 2 2 3 ∗ ≡ ∗ ≡ $ J ∗ ≡ J 3 +∞ 6 = # # $ 6 = $ 6 = # # + −∞ # + L $ J ( ( 5 ( 23 6> + 6 6 6 4 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( # # $!"" # # $!"" !" 6 6 6 + / ( ( ( ( ( ' ( 53 ) + (M 6> + = M(M M ) + (M +∞ ⇒ = # # # # −∞ M(M M /2 ) = # = ) # # ∈E , $ (F L3 B M # # ) M(M ) M −∞ = +∞ # # = = &, ) # # ) ) # # = = +, ( − ∈E , 3(F )13 +∞ +, ( − = = −∞ • 1 L = ( − = &, % ( − = &, β -7) $ & = ) β $ = − ( − − 1 − ( = B7) ⇒ = -7) −(= & = A Γ -7) Γ & &, Γ -7) Γ & &, Γ & = = = (+, Γ(&7) ((7) .7) -7) Γ -7) ((7) .7) -7) )&( = &, = ⇒ = 7 ) *2 = +, # = ) # # ∈E , $ (F = ⇒ = 7 ) *2 % ( − = &, ( − = ) = +, +∞ = +, ( − = −∞ 1 L = • ; L = 1 L − 1 L = ( − (+, ) )&( Γ A Γ & & M ) M ( = &, = Γ - +M ) = &, β A $ & = &, !"#$%&'8 !. , $ ( * # )*+,-." # 8 = − 6 = − 2 $ 8 $ $3 6 < 8 < + $ < < + = 2 $ = .M = 6 6 6 6 6 = ) M(M ) M(M & M 1# 5 5" 2 2 3 ∗ ≡ ∗ ≡ $ J ∗ ≡ E J $ F ∗ ≡ $ J ∗ ≡ J + & + (5 ) ) #. 8 $ J # $ + ( ) ( (5 ( ) ( (5 ( & + 423 (5 & & + 6> & 6 6 6 6 6 4 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( $!"" !" $!"" !" $!"" 6 6 6 6 6 & / ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ') ( ( '(5 ( '&3 .M 6> & = ) M(M ) M(M & M = . M − ( − ) M ) M & M ≈ Q,$( # = ( # ∈ , $ ($ 3 ' 6 = 6 ≤ = # = 6 = 6 < < + = = 6 = 6 + ≤ ≤ = 6 ≤ ≤ = # = − ' 6 = 6 < ≤ + = = 6 = 6 ≥ + = 6 ≥ = # = ( − 2 $ = .M − ( − ) M ) M & M 63 , < <( $ , <<( $ ≤ DR= =−8 ⇒ 8 = =RR− D 3 H ∂7∂P ∂7∂5 − = ( ( =( ∂7∂P ∂7∂5 ( , I= 4 " P $ 5 R $ D 3 " P $ 5 = 2 P − 5 $ P I = 2 $ P − 5 P = . M P − 5 5 ( − P ) M ) M & M . M P − 5 P − P − 5 ( − P = ) M ) M & M = 3 , < P − 5 < ( $ , < P < ( $ 5 ≥ , , < < ( , < P − 5 < ( , < P − 5 < ( =P−5 ⇒ < < ⇒ < < , ( = P , P ( , < P < ( ≤ P − 5 ≤ P 5 ≥ , 4 " # D D = − 8 3 ( = +∞ 5 = " P $ 5 P = ( = −∞ ( = . M P − 5 5 ( − P P = = ( = ) M ) M & M 5 ∈E , $ ( ( P )=# , 5 ( 5 # * ! µ 5 σ 3 1 = 1 ( ∑ = ( ∑ 1 = ( µ = µ = 1 = µ ∀ = ( ) ; = σ ∀ = ( ) = ; = ; ( ∑ = ( ∑ ; = ( σ = σ = = =2 * 2 # ; '# ; = ** 5 '5 18&# * µ µ !$"!%&& &'! &! Φ ) 22 Φ = Φ ) 7 3 ' ) % = ∏ = Φ = 1 ' ) = 1 ' ) + ) + + ) % = 1 = ∏ 1 ' ) % = 1 ' ) % = Φ ) 7 = 1 *" " ) = Φ ) 6 − ≈ S $ Φ ) = ( − 7 2 3 − − − Φ = Φ ) 7 = ( − = ( − 1 ' ) % = 1 ' ) % ∀ = ( ) S $ !$& '(&!&&& &'! &! 4 *7 •! 2 ≥ &, 04* # 5 $ K µ $ σ7 •0 9 : 5 T 8 = + + ≈ T $ = + + 7 = 87 3 6 = # = 6 87 = # = 6 8 = # = 8 ≈ T $ ⇒ 6 8 = = ' ( − − ' = , ( ) = # ( − − # = , ( ) ( T < $ < 8 ≈ T < $ ⇒ 6 8 = = ' ( − − ' = , ( ) < < = # ( − − # = , ( ) < 6 = # = 6 87 = # = 6 8 = # = 3 8 = + + ≈ T < $ $ = + + 7 = 87 6 θ 3 8 = + + ≈ 6 θ $ = + + 7 = 87 6 = # = 6 87 = # = 6 8 = # = 8 ≈ 6 θ ⇒ 6 8 = = = − θ θ ' = , ( ) M − θ θ # = , ( ) # M S 8 = + + ≈ TK $ $ = + + 7 = 87 8 ≈ TK $ ⇒ 6 8 = = + − (( − ' = , ( ) = # + # − (( − # = , ( ) 3 6 = # = 6 87 = # = 6 8 = # = TK < $ + < − ( 8 ≈ TK < $ ⇒ 6 8 = = ( − ' = ,( ) # + < − ( = # ( − # = , ( ) 6 = # = 6 87 = # = 6 8 = # = 3 8 = + + ≈ TK < $ $ = + + 7 = 87 1# ≡ S( $ = + + ≈ + 83 + = − − ' > , Γ # = # − − = Γ # 2 # = + # * = 87 ⇒ 8 = 2 # 3 − − # #>, Γ S $ = S $ = + + ≈ + 83 + = − − ' > , Γ 6 = 87 ⇒ 8 = 2 # 3 2 # = + # # = # − − = Γ # − − # #>, Γ S $ = 4- '2 8) 3 *7 8 *7 2 8 = !) Q , $ & * 1; 9 RR 5 8 &3 " 2 P $ R $ Q . = /. = ' R 2 R $ Q ;3 " $ Q , $ & 3 # $ # = # # = (7. , < # < & , < # < & ≈ Q , $ & ⇒ # = (7& , < # < & = ( ) < " % ⊆ ℜ = , - . = , - . 2 P $ R $ Q 3 2 P $ = " P $ $ " P $ I $ P $ ∈%U %U % I " ∗ - = + . = 3 = , - . = . = , - . = - − . ∂# 7∂P ∂# 7∂ , ( ∗ 1 I = = ) −( = −) ⇒ I = ) ∂# 7∂P ∂# 7∂ ∗ 1 0 = ∈ℜ * < < * < < 3 02 = ) 1 ∈ℜ * < 1 < * < ) − 1 < , < # < & ,< <& ⇒ , < ) P − < & , < # < & # = $ # = ) P − Q & ) − 1 = * &7) , ) − 1 = & R ∗ G 2 P $ R $ Q 3 2 P $ = " P $ $ " P $ I = )7. $ P $ ∈%U ∗ 0 " 3 ) * R2 R $ Q 3 , < P < &7) &7) ≤ P < & = 2 P = 2 # 2* ' = +∞ 2 P $ = = −∞ = ( ) 7. = A P7. = = = ( − ) 7. = A P − +7. = = =, N0 M ! # #2 " ! *2 2 %U K 1 3 5R 25 R R * R R 3 % A P A P − + P P = P 2 P P = P + % . . ∗ ; R = 1 R − 1 R = ∗ 1 R = % A P A P − + P P P 2 P P = P + % . . ∗ Φ = 1 ' , = ' ( 2 P P = % A P ' ( A P − + ' ( P = = P + % . . % A P A P − + ∗ 6 ,C& < R < (C- = 2 P P = P + P = % . . 1 R = 5 * R * 8 = ) R ⇒ R V 87) $3 7) ( = 2 7) = ) , < < & = A ( . ) ) ( & ≤ < + = A − + ( . ) ) =, = = 2 7) '2 !) * * = " 5 $ D $ ; 4 = 4 = ' D 2 D $ ; ;3 ∗ = 4 = 3 = γ 4 = 4 = γ 4 = 4 ∗ 1 I = ∂# 7∂5 ∂# 7∂ , ( ( = = ( 7 7 − 5 ∂# 7∂5 ∂# 7∂ ∗ 1 0 = ∈ℜ * < < * < < 3 022 = # 5 ∈ℜ * < 5 < * < # < 5 # = $ # = 57 , # = 5 & ; , < # < & ,<<& ⇒ , < # < & , < 57 < & ⇒ , < 5 < & . D ∗ G 5 $ D $ ; 3 5 $ = γ 5 $ $ γ 5 $ I = ( $ 5 $ ∈%UU . ∗ 0 " & # D2 D $ ; 3 ! = +∞ ! = ( = ( 4 . , < 5 < . 5 = 5 $ = ! = −∞ ! = % . 5 . %UU > ,$ 3 ( = ( . . !) * # , ( ) 6 = # ,CB ,C) ,C& 1 ** " * " / =51 / * 25 8&3 ' ;3 * 3 3 # , ( ) # , ( ) $ 6 = # ,CB ,C) ,C& 6 = # ,CB ,C) ,C& 0 * * $3 6 = # $ = # = 6 = # 6 = # ⇒ ( ) 7 , , ,C)B ,C(, ,C(B ⇒ ( ,C(, ,C,A ,C,+ ) ,C(B ,C,+ ,C,. " = + 7) 3 = + 7) , ,CB ( ,CB ( (B C ( (B C ) # $ # 6 = # $ = # , $ , ,C)B , $ ( ,C(, , $ ) ,C(B ( $ , ,C(, ( $ ( ,C,A ( $ ) ,C,+ ) $ , ,C(B ) $ ( ,C,+ ) $ ) ,C,. = + 7) 2 ** 3 6 = , = 6, $ , = ,C)B 66 == (,CB= =6 6,$,)$(+ +66($(($ ,+ =6 ,)C),$ , = ,C&A ⇒ 6 = (B C = 6( $ ) + 6) $( = ,C() 6 = ) = 6) $ ) = ,C,. ⇒ , ,CB ( (B ) # C 6 = # ,C)B ,C), ,C&A ,C() ,C,. 0 " 5 * 5 !* 3 ∗ 1 = , ,C)B + ,CB ,C), + ( ,C&A + (B C ,C() + ) ,C,. = ∗ ; = 1 − 1 = 1 = , ,C)B + ,CB ,C), + ( ,C&A + (B C ,C() + ) ,C,. ∗ Φ = 1 ' ) = = ' ,C)B + ' ,C), + ' ,C&A + ' ,C() + ' ,C,. = ( ≤ ) = 6 − ,C- ≥ ( = 6 ≥ (C) = ,() + ,C,. ∗6 ) − ,C- )/ & 0 9 1 9 6 ' *Q Q = − 3 # $ # , $ , , $ ( , $ ) ( $ , ( $ ( ( $ ) ) $ , ) $ ( ) $ ) 6 # $ # ,C)B ,C(, ,C(B ,C(, ,C,A ,C,+ ,C(B ,C,+ , C,. Q = − , ( ) ( , ( ) ( , ,C(, + ,C(, +,C,++,C,+ ,C(B+,C(B ,C)B+,C,A +,C,. Q ,() + + 1 ∗ 1 Q = , ,C&@ + ( ,C&) + ) ,C&, = ∗ ; Q = 1 Q − 1 Q = 1 Q = , ,C&@ + ( ,C&) + ) ,C&, ∗ Φ = 1 '- = ' ,C&@ + ' ,C&) + ' ,C&, = ∗ 6 (7 Q − ,C- ≤ ) = 6 Q − ,C- ≥ (7) = 6 Q ≥ (C) = ,C&, !"#$%&6( ( -, W " (,, 5* " ',C+B,C@ ) %* ,C.B " )*+,-." ( " '# T ,C- -,W " * # ! (,, * = + + 7(,, # " $ ! 2 # 5 3 1 = 1 = ,C- ≈ T ⇒ 1 = ; = ( − ; ,C- ,C& = = ,C,,)( (,, (,, ; = 63 6 ,C+B < < ,C@ ≅ 6 ,C+B < K ,C- $ ,C,,)( < ,C@ = = 6 K , $ ( < ,C@ − ,C- − 6 K , $ ( < ,C+B − ,C- = ,C,,)( ,C,,)( )1 K ,C- $ ,C,,)( " ,C.B K K ,C- $ ,C,,)( ' ,C-2' " ' 6 6 > * 6 − ,C- < = ,C.B 3 = ,C.B ⇒ ,C,,)( − ( = ,C.B ⇒ 6 K , $ ( < = ,C.-B ⇒ ⇒ ) 6 K , $ ( < ,C,,)( ,C,,)( ⇒ = (C.+ ⇒ = (C.+ ,C,,)( = ,C,@.@ ,C,,)( = !(,, ≈ T ,C- .BW 6 − ,C- < = ,C.B ⇒ 6 K , $( < * ≈ K ,C- $ ,C,,)( ,C- − ,C,@.@ $ ,C- + ,C,@.@ !"#$%&6& (66B )6 T A $ ,C& &6 1# ,C,) A6 Q −( $ ( B6 # = ) # , ≤ # ≤ ( +62',C( -6 S ), $ ) )*+,-." % !@(1 2 * ,C.B * 0 ! ≥ * µ 5 σ 424# * 5 $ K µ $ σ7 1 K µ $ σ7 " ,C.B K K µ $ σ7 ' µ 2 ' " ' 6 6 > * 6 − µ < = ,C.B 3 6 − µ < = ,C.B ⇒ 6 K , $( < − ( = ,C.B ⇒ 6 K , $( < = ,C.-B ⇒ σ7 σ7 ⇒ = (C.+ ⇒ = ,C)(- σ σ7 = @( ⇒ ) 6 K , $ ( < = ,C.B ⇒ σ7 ( ≈ 6B 1 = µ = B; = σ = B * 6 − B < = ,C.. = ,C)(- B = ,CA@ $ !@( ≈ 6B .BW B − ,CA@ $ B + ,CA@ ) ≈ T A $ ,C& 1 = µ = A ,C& = (C) ; = σ = A ,C& ,C- = ,C@A * 6 − (C) < = ,C.. = ,C)(- ,C@A = ,C(. $ !@( ≈ T A $ ,C& .BW ≈ K(C) $ ,C@A 7. 2/ (C) − ,C(. $ (C) + ,C(. & ≈ 1# ,C,) 1 = µ = (7,C,) = B, ; = σ = (7,C,) = )B,, * 6 − B, < = ,C.. = ,C)(- )B,, = (,C.B $ !@( ≈ 1# ,C,) .BW ≈ Q −( $ ( A ≈ KB, $ )B,, 7. B, − (,C.B $ B, + (,C.B 1 = µ = −(+(7) = , ; = σ = (− −( 7() = (7& * 6 − , < = ,C.. = ,C)(- (7& = ,C() $ ! @( ≈ Q −( $ ( .B W ≈ 7 * −,C() $ ,C() B # = ) # , ≤ # ≤ ( 3 1 = 1 = # # # = ) # # = )7& ; = σ = 1 − 1 = (7(@ # # # = ) # # = (7) * 6 − )7& < = ,C.. = ,C)(- (7(@ = ,C,B $ !@( .B W ≈ 7 8 2/ )7& − ,C,B $ )7& + ,C,B + ≈ S ,C( 1 = µ = ( − ,C(7,C( = .; = σ = ( − ,C(7,C( = ., * 6 − . < = ,C.. = ,C)(- ., = )C,B $ ! @( ≈ S ,C( .B W . − )C,B $ . + )C,B - ≈ S ), $ ) 1 = µ = ),7) = (, ; = σ = ),7) = B * 6 − (, < = ,C.. = ,C)(- B = ,CA@ $ ! @( ≈ S ), $ ) .B W ≈ K(, $ B7. (, − ,CA@ $ (, + ,CA@ !"#$%&6' 4 +,,,(,,,,<2 %* &),* @,,,<2 )*+,-." # Q +,,, $ (,,,, # ! &), * = + + 7&), 0! 2# 5 3 63 1 = 1 = +,,, + (,,,, = @,,, ) − ≈ Q $ ⇒ 1 = + ; = ) () ; A,,, ; = = &), () > 8*** ≅ 78*** *** > 8*** = 7 * > * = *9 )* +, *5 ! µ 5 σ 3 − = + µ − µ − = ∑ ∑ ∑ − µ − − µ = = = = = ∑ − µ − ) − µ − µ + − µ = = = ∑ − µ − ) − µ ∑ − µ + − µ = = = ∑ − µ = ∑ − µ = − µ = = 1 = 1 ( ∑ − = ( 1 ∑ − µ − − µ = = = = ∑ = ∑ − µ − ) − µ − µ + − µ = = = ∑ − µ − − µ = ( = 1 ∑ − µ − 1 − µ = ( σ − σ = − ( σ = ∗ 1 ∑ − µ = ∑ 1 − µ = ∑ ; = σ = = = 1 = µ ⇒ 1 − µ = ; ∀ = ( ) ∗ 1 − µ = 1 − 1 = ; = σ 7 = µ = 1 = 7 − ( * 5 3 1 = 1 = 1 = − ( σ = σ −( −( −( 1 8 & # * 5 5 σ 5 σ 0 1 = − ( σ 7 ≠ σ *5 2 σ $ σ # 1 = − ( σ 7 = σ → ∞ → ∞ !"#$%&7( %* 5 !) D ≈ 1#( )*+,-." D ≈ 1#( 5 = − 5 > , 4 2 $ ? # ! ) D ≈ 1#( ? '3 2 # $ = # = − + # > , > , ≈ 1#(? ≈ 1#( Q = + ? 7) *5 83 +? = + ? − ) = ( − ? + ? − = ( − ? ) ) ) A 8 = ( − Q + ? − Q = ( − + ? ) ) ) •G 83 G+ = 6 8 ≤ = 6 ( − ? ≤ = 6 − ? ≤ A = A = 6 −) ≤ − ? ≤ ) = 2 # $ # = . 2 $ ? % = X # $ ∈ℜ 7 −) ≤ # − ≤ ) # > , > ,Y ? # − = −) = = ' = = = + ' = ) , # − = ) # − + # + # ) = +∞ = ' = + ' − + = − ' # = = ' − = + ' = +∞ − = + ' − − # + − − # = = = = ' = − ' = ' − = +∞ − − + ' ( − − − ' # + − − − ' # = = = ' = ' − = ' − − ' = # − # = = = +∞ − + ' = +∞ − − ' + # − # = = ' = ' ' ( − − ' ' = − − + − ) +∞ +∞ + ( − − ' = − ( − + ' ) ' ) ' − ' − − ' −∞ − ' −∞ − ' = ( − − ' + − − + − = ) ) = ( − − ' > , = ) •G 83 + = G+ 7 = ( − ' > , !"#$%&7& %* 5 !) D ≈ Q , $ ( )*+,-." D ≈ Q , $ ( 5 = ( 5 ∈ , $ ( 4 2 $ ? # ! ) D ≈ Q , $ ( ? '3 2 # $ = # = ( # ∈ , $ ( ∈ , $ ( ≈ Q , $ (? ≈ Q , $ ( Q = + ? 7) *5 83 +? = + ? − ) = ( − ? + ? − = ( − ? ) ) ) A 8 = ( − Q + ? − Q = ( − + ? ) ) ) •G 83 G+ = 6 8 ≤ = 6 ( − ? ≤ = 6 − ? ≤ A = A = 6 −) ≤ − ? ≤ ) = 2 # $ # = . 2 $ ? % = X # $ ∈ℜ 7 −) ≤ # − ≤ ) , < # < ( , < < (Y "2/ "* 2# $ 2 = ( − ) O%U = ( − ) ( − ) = A − A ) ( ? # − = −) ) # − = ) , •G 83 G+ ) = − A , < < (7A + = ( ) ! "!#$ - ./++ ≈ K µ $ σ # ! σ σ µ' + σ ' Φ = = + + 7 5 $ K µ $ σ7 62 1 ≈ K µ $ σ * 5 12 +( $ − $ $ − 3 = 1 # + ∑ − = = = 1 # ( ∑ + ∑ − = = = = 1 # ∑ + − ( ∑ = = = + + + − = 1 # ∑ − = = Φ $ $ $ = 1 # + − + + − = "δ = ( ∑ = − δ − = 1 # − δ − = ∑= ∏= 1#6 V Φ 6Φ 2 = ∏ 1# − δ − = ∏ Φ − δ − = = = 2 ≈ K µ $ σ Φ λ = #µ λ + ( λ σ ) = 1 # δ δ − − ( = # − = µ + σ ∑ − ) = = # ∑ − δ + µ + ( σ ∑ − δ − = ) = = = ∏ # − δ − µ + ( − δ − σ = ) = δ = ( ∑ ⇒ ∑ = δ = = = # µ + σ ∑ + − δ = ) = = # µ + σ ∑ + − δ + ) − δ ) = = = σ + ∑ − δ + ) ∑ − δ = = # µ + = = ) δ = ( ∑ ⇒ ∑ − δ = , = = = # µ + σ + ∑ − δ = = ) σ σ ( = # µ + # ∑ − δ = Φ Φ $ $ ) ) = Φ = # µ + ( σ $ Φ $ $ = # σ ∑ − δ ) ) = = # µ + σ + ∑ − δ + ) ∑ − δ ) = = 0 Φ 2 ≈ K µ $ σ7 Φ 2 − $ $ − 02 $ − $ $ − 2 − $ $ − ' $' 3 = ( ∑ − = ! "#####$ %&% ' #(σ σ 1 ! ≈ K µ $ σ * 7σ χ − 1 5 * 3 ∑ − µ − − µ = = 6 ∑ − µ = ∑ − + − µ $ *3 = = −µ − µ ( ∑ σ = σ ∑ − + σ7 ⇒ = = ∑ − = ( = ∑ − ⇒ ∑ − = = = −µ −µ ⇒∑ = + ⇒ ≈ χ − σ σ σ σ7 = − µ − µ ≈ χ ⇒ ∗ ≈ K µ $ σ ⇒ ≈ K , $ ( ⇒ σ σ − µ ⇒∑ ≈ χ σ = −µ −µ ∗ ≈ K µ $ σ7 ⇒ ≈ K , $ ( ⇒ σ7 σ7 ≈ χ −µ ∗ 0 σ σ7 ≈ χ χ " ≈ χ − σ ) σ σ 7σ −( = −µ ≈ − 7 − ( D= −µ σ7 ≈ K µ $ σ7 ' −µ ≈ K , $( ≈ χ − $ σ σ7 <2 6 ≈ K , $ ( *5 I ≈ χ 26I 3 = 7 − ( 7 − ( = 7 $'3 −µ ≈ − 7 D= * + % 0 7 µ σ 7 µ σ ! 5 ,-% ≈ K µ $ σ 7 ≈ K µ $ σ 7 3 − ≈ K µ − µ $ σ σ + ,-% %& ≈ K µ $ σ7 ≈ K µ $ σ7 3 − ≈ K µ − µ $ σ ( + ( 7σ ≈ χ − 7σ ≈ χ − ' 3 + + = ≈ χ / − σ σ σ > < 2 6 ≈ K , $ ( *5 I ≈ χ 2 6 I − − µ − µ ≈ K , $( ( ( + σ + I = ≈ χ / − σ 6 = 3 − − µ − µ σ ( + ( − − µ − µ D= = ≈ + − + ( ( + 7σ + +−) +−) ,-% & − − µ − µ D= 2! ≥ &, 5 5$ σ = σ = 3 ≈ K , $( + ,-% %. 6 !3 D= − − µ − µ + ≈ 0 U 3 ( = + ( − U − ( − ( = 7 − ( + −( −( / - % ≈ 7 µ σ ' ≈ 7 µ σ ! 5 > G % & 2 6 ≈ χ I ≈ χ 2 6 I 6 = 7σ ≈ χ − $ I = 7σ ≈ χ − 3 7σ − ( σ − ( = ≈ G − − ⇒ D= 7σ − ( σ −( $ = = −( −( σ ⇒ D = ≈ G − − σ !"#$%&8( Q 2 ))CB*(CB %* &+ )A )*+,-." ≈ K ))CB $(B C # # !&+* = + + 7&+ 3 1 = 1 = ))CB $ ; = ; 7&+ = (B C 7&+ 63 6 > )A = 6 K ))CB $(C+7+ > )A = 6 K , $ ( > )A − ))CB = (C+7+ !"#$%&8& % 5(,,, !(,, % * ,C) )*+,-." ≈ K µ $ (, # ! (,,* = + + 7(,, 4 1 = 1 = µ ; = ; 7(,, = ( *3 6 − µ ≥ ,C) = 6 K , $ ( ≥ ,C) = ( !"#$%&8' ≈ K(,, $ () *! * 25,C.B ) )*+,-." ≈ K(,, $ () # ! * = + + 7 4 1 = 1 = (,, ; = ; 7 = (AA7 % 6 − (,, ≤ ) ≥ ,C.B3 6 − (,, ≤ ) ≥ ,C.B ⇒ 6 K , $ ( ≤ ) − ( ≥ ,C.B ⇒ 6 K , $ ( ≤ ) ≥ ,C.-B ⇒ ()7 ()7 ⇒ ) ≥ (C.+ ⇒ ≥ (&@C). ⇒ ≥ (&. ()7 ⇒ ) 6 K , $ ( ≤ ) ≥ ,C.B ⇒ ()7 !"#$%&86 ≈ K µ $ ( *! * 25,C.B ,CB )*+,-." ≈ K µ $ ( # ! * = + + 7 4 1 = 1 = µ ; = ; 7 = (7 % 6 − µ ≤ ,CB ≥ ,C.B3 ⇒ ) 6 K , $ ( ≤ ,CB − ( ≥ ,C.B ⇒ 6 K , $ ( ≤ ,CB ≥ ,C.-B ⇒ (7 (7 6 − µ ≤ ,CB ≥ ,C.B ⇒ 6 K , $ ( ≤ ,CB ≥ ,C.B ⇒ (7 ⇒ ,CB ≥ (C.+ ⇒ ≥ (BC)( ⇒ ≥ (+ (7 !"#$%&87 1" K(,,, $ (,, B,",C.B ( %*! ) %*! (,,,*(,, )*+,-." ( ≈ K(,,, $ (,, # ! * = + + 7 4 1 = 1 = (,,, ; = ; 7 = (,, 7 H 6 − (,,, ≤ B, ≥ ,C.B3 6 − (,,, ≤ B, ≥ ,C.B ⇒ 6 K , $( ≤ 6 K , $ ( ≤ = ) 6 K , $ ( ≤ − ( B, ≥ ,C.B ⇒ (,,7 B, − ( ≥ ,C.B ⇒ 6 K , $ ( ≤ B, ≥ ,C.-B ⇒ (,,7 (,,7 ⇒ B, ≥ (C.+ ⇒ ≥ (BC&+ ⇒ ≥ (+ (,,7 ⇒ ) 6 K , $ ( ≤ ) 1 = 1 = (,,, ; = ; 7 = (,, 7 8""3 ; 6 − (,,, ≤ B, = 6 − 1 ≤ B, ≥ ( − = B, (,, 7 =(− ≥ ,C.B ⇒ ≥ @, B, !"#$%&88 % ≈ K(& $ + !. )*+,-." ( %* ,C.. ) >( = (,, = (,,,, & 9Z '* !(,,,, (B: ( 1 ! ≈ K µ $ σ * = : ≈ K(& $ + K µ $ σ7 6 ≈ K(& $ +7 . ≡ K(& $ ) 1 ≈ K(& $ ) " ,C.. K K(& $ ) ' (&2' " ' 6 6 > * 6 − (& < = ,C.. 6 − (& < = ,C.. ⇒ 6 K , $ ( < = ,C.. ⇒ ) ⇒ ) 6 K , $ ( < − ( = ,C.. ⇒ 6 K , $( < = ,C..B ⇒ ) ) C ⇒ = )CB- ⇒ = B(A ) * !. ≈ K(& $ + ..W * (& − B(A C $ (& + B(A C ≡ -C@+ $(@C(A ) = ** ≈ K(& $ +7 (,, ≡ K(& $ ,C+$ 3 6 − (& < = ,C.. ⇒ 6 K , $( < = ,C.. ⇒ ,C+ ⇒ = )CB- ⇒ = (BA C , C+ * !(,, ≈ K(& $ + ..W * (& − (BA C $ (& + (BA C ≡ ((CA+ $(A CBA • = **** ≈ K(& $ +7 (,,,, ≡ K(& $ ,C,+$ 3 6 − (& < = ,C.. ⇒ 6 K , $ ( < = ,C.. ⇒ = )CB- ⇒ = ,C(BA ,C,+ ,C,+ * !(,,,, ≈ K(& $ + .. W * (& − ,C(BA $ (& + ,C(BA ≡ ()C@A+ $ (&(BA C &9 '* !(,,,, = 9 ': 2 " 2 2 0 12!!&& ! (,,,, 2 ,C.. C L 2/ ()C@A+ $ (&(BA (&C&B = (B ∉()C@A+ $(&(BA C 3" 2 " 2 = **** ' ()C@A+ $ (&(BA C (W "12 2!(,,,," " "! " C 2 " = (B ∉()C@A+ $(&(BA 2 5 • ! " " / •! 2[5 "" ≈ K(& $ + ≈ K(& $ + • ) " ≈ K(& $ + "2 % 2 3 2 '"2 " "" ≈ K(& $ + "" ' !"#$%&8> !(,,,, = ()C@& ∉()C@A+ $ (&(BA C * = (B ∉()C@A+ $(&(BA C = 98 ' K ()C@& ∉((CA+ $ (A CBA = ** (B 2 = ** % ≈ KB $ ,C( !(+ %* < < 9 ≤ ,C,(.()B > *9 < < 9 ≤ *9*: )*+,-." 1 ! K µ $ σ = ( ∑ $ = ( ∑ − = = ≈ K µ $ σ7 7σ ≈ χ − * = (+ µ = Bσ = ,C( 3 ≈ KB $ ,C(7A $ (+ 7,C( ≈ χ ≤ &,C+ = ,C.. • 6 ≤ ,C,(.()B = 6(+ 7,C( ≤ (+ ,C,(.()B7,C( = 6 χ • < < 9 = < 7 *9 < 9 = • < < 9 ≤ *9*: = < < 9 > (+ = • 6 > ,C( = 6 > ,C( = 6 (+ 7,C( > (+ ,C( 7,C( = 6 χ * 5 !"#$%&8? ≈ K(C- $ A ! (, * * ,C.. )*+,-." 1! ≈ K µ $ σ * 5 7σ ≈ χ − 6 = * σ = (, 7A ≈ χ & > , 6 > = ,C.. 3 6 > = ,C.. ⇒ 6 > = ,C.. ⇒ 6 (, 7A > (, 7A = ,C.. ⇒ ⇒ 6 χ & > (, 7A = ,C.. ⇒ (, 7A = )C,. ⇒ = (@) C !"#$%&8@ 1 ! * *5 )*+,-." D*5 ! K µ $ σ R = D7σ ≈ χ − ≡ S − (7) $ (7) •G 5 D3 G 5 = 6 D ≤ 5 = 6 σ R 7 ≤ 5 = 6 R ≤ 57σ = G, 57σ R = D7σ ⇒ D = σ R 7 G, R ≈ χ − •G 5 D3 5 = G 5 G, 57σ G, 57σ 57σ = = = 5 5 5 57σ , R ≈ χ − 3 G, 57σ = , 57σ 57σ (7) −% = , 57σ = 57σ − % − % σ = σ σ Γ − (7) (7) −% − % − ( % R ≈ χ − ≡ S − ( $ ( ⇒ , P = P P>, ) ) Γ − (7) (7) σ −% −% − %σ 5>, = 5 σ Γ − (7) S − (7) $ 7) σ !"#$%&8(A 1 K µ $ σ 5 + ≈ 7 µ σ * 83 − −( 8 = + +( )*+,-." 1! K µ $ σ 3 ≈ K µ $ σ7 $ 7σ ≈ χ − 0 + + + − 3 1 + − = 1 + − 1 = µ − µ = , ; + − = ; + + ; = σ + σ = + ( σ 6 + − ≈ 7 * σ + 3 + − ≈ K , $ ( σ + (7 > ? ≈ K , $ (Q ≈ χ K , $ ( + − σ + (7 7σ ≈ χ − 3 + − σ + (7 + − − ( 8= = ≈ + ( − 7σ −( ? ≈ Q7< !"#$%&8(( % ≈ K µ $ ) !.%* ,C.B 5 > = * )*+,-." 1! K µ $ σ 7σ ≈ χ − • = . σ = ) . 7A ≈ χ1 1 . 7A ≈ χ1 " ,C.B 0 χ1 '2/ 2 − *9: = *9* 2 5 "" χ1 ' '$ . 7A ≈ χ1 3 98 ≤ : ≈ χ1 ≤ ;9 = *9: 6 6 ,C.+ ≤ ≤ -C-. = ,C.B )C(@ A ≤ ≤ (-CB& A = ,C.B $ . . 6 3 1 ! . ≈ K µ $ ) .BW *5 2/ ,C.+ $ -C-. 6 • = (,( σ = ) (,( 7A ≈ χ 3 (,( 7A ≈ χ 6 ≤ ().C+ = ,C.B 6 -A C) ≤ (,( 7A ≈ χ 6 -AC) A ≤ ≤ ().C+ A = ,C.B $ (,( (,( 3 9: ≤ ≤ 9 = *9: 1 ! (,( ≈ K µ $ ) .BW *5 2/ )C.& $ B(& C !"#$%&8(& % 5ACB !%* ,C.B ) )*+,-." ≈ K µ $ A CB ' # !3 = ( ∑ ≈ K µ $ A CB7 $ ? = ( ∑ ? ≈ K µ $ A CB7 = = 6* ' 3 − ? ≈ K , $ .7 1 − ? = 1 − 1 ? = µ − µ = , ; − ? = ; + ; ? = .7 % 6 − ? ≤ ) ≥ ,C.B 3 6 − ? ≤ ) = ,C.B ⇒ 6 K , $ ( ≤ ⇒ ) 6 K , $ ( ≤ ) ≥ ,C.B ⇒ .7 ) − ( ≥ ,C.B ⇒ 6 K , $ ( ≤ ) ≥ ,C.-B ⇒ .7 .7 ⇒ ) ≥ (C.+ ⇒ ≥ . .7 !"#$%&8(' % 7 µ σ 7 µ σ ! 5 %* * < )*+,-." 8 = − ( + − ( σ σ − ? − µ − µ + − ) 8 = 8 + σ σ 7 7 6 ! 7 µ σ 5 − ( 7σ ≈ χ − 7σ ≈ χ − = − ( 7 6 ! 7 µ σ 5 − ( 7σ ≈ χ − 7σ ≈ χ − = − ( 7 1 3 8 = − ( + − ( ≈ χ + − σ σ ≈ K µ $ σ 7 ? ≈ K µ $ σ 7 − ? ≈ K µ − µ $ σ 7 + σ 7 $3 − ? − µ − µ σ 7 + σ 7 ≈ K , $ ( 1 <2 6 ≈ K , $ ( *5 I ≈ χ 26 I 6 = 3 − ? − µ − µ σ 7 + σ 7 ≈ K , $ ( $ I = 8 ≈ χ / − − ? − µ − µ 8 = σ 7 + σ 7 8 +−) = − ? − µ − µ + − ) ≈ + − 8 σ 7 + σ 7 !"#$%&8(6 %5 σ ! - ' 5 ' ; R − = σ 7 + )*+,-." ' # 3 = ( ∑ $ ? = ( ∑ ?2 2= = - '53 2 = = 63 ( ; R − = ; + 2∑= ?2 − ∑= = R − = ( ∑ + ∑ ?2 − ( ∑ = + = 2= = = ( − ( ∑ + ( ∑ ?2 = ( ∑ ?2 − ∑ + + + 2= = = 2= ( ∑ ; ?2 + ∑ ; = = + ( + ? + ∑ ∑ 2 R= 2= = ? ? ( σ + σ = σ + + = ? ? 5σ !"#$%&8(7 4 )B,,"* +,," T)&,," *@,,"&,, ),,T ( 0/ (,," T ) 0/ ),," T & %* ,C.B )*+,-." ? T 3 1 = )B,, $ ; = +,, $ 1 ? = )&,, $ ; ? = @,, ' 2! &,,),, # 424 5 5 3 1 = 1 = )B,, $ ; = ; 7&,, = +,, 7&,, 1 ? = 1 ? = )&,, $ ; ? = ; ? 7),, = @,, 7),, 6 * ' − 3 (13 1 − ? = 1 − 1 ? = )B,, − )&,, = ),, ; − ? = ; + ; ? = +,, 7&,, + @,, 7),, = AA,, )13 6 − ? ≤ (,, = 6 K ),, $ AA,, ≤ (,, = 6 K , $ ( ≤ (,, − ),, = AA,, 6 − ? > ),, = 6 K ),, $ AA,, > ),, = 6 K , $ ( > ),, − ),, = ,CB AA,, &1 * − ? ≈ K ),, $ AA,, " ,C.B K K ),, $ AA,, ' ),,2 '" * 6 > * 6 − ? − ),, < = ,C.B 3 6 − ? − ),, < = ,C.B ⇒ 6 K , $ ( < ⇒ = (C.+ ⇒ (&, AA,, = ,C.B ⇒ AA,, 6 !&,, !),,T ),, − (&, $ ),, + (&, .BW !"#$%&8(8 5 !BA2 5 (%* 7 \ BC) )0! K & $ ) K-$@ * ,C.B 5 )*+,-." 1 ! K µ $ σ * 7σ χ − 6 5 !B A ≈ 7 µ σ ' ≈ 7 µ σ 3 B 7σ ≈ χ− = χ $ A 7σ ≈ χ − = χ A 7σ (+ & = ≈ G 1 σ = σ 3 B 7σ (B A (+ (+ ( 6 7 \ BC) = 6 > BC) = 6 G > (+ BC) = (B (B (B = ( − 6G ≤ (+ BC) = ( − ,C.)@ (B 6G ≤ A C(. = ,C.6G ≤ +CB. = ,C.B ) ≈ K & $ ) ? ≈ K-$@ ! BA3 B 7) ≈ χ− = χ $ A 7@ ≈ χ − = χ B 7) (B A = ≈ G 63 A 7@ & 1 (B 7 ≈ G " ,C.B 0 G '2/ 2 − *9: = *9* 2 5 " " G ' '2/ G ! ≤ 9 = *9:; $3 6 G ≤ = ,C,)B ⇒ 6 (7G ≥ (7 = ,C,)B ⇒ 6 G ≥ (7 = ,C,)B ⇒ ⇒ ( − 6 G ≤ (7 = ,C,)B ⇒ 6 G ≤ (7 = ,C.-B ⇒ (7 = .C.@ ⇒ = ,C( * 6 ,C( ≤ (B 7 ≈ G ≤ (B( C = ,C.B 3 C 7(B = ,C.B 6 ,C(7(B ≤ 7 ≤ (B( 6 !BA K & $ ) K-$@ .BW * 7 ,C(7(B $ (B( C 7(B