Nutrición y pobreza política pública basada en evidencia Editores Teresa González de Cossío Juan Rivera Dommarco Gladys López Acevedo Gloria M. Rubio Soto Portadilla.indd 3 6/13/08 3:33:17 AM Nutrición y Pobreza : Política Pública Basada en Evidencia Copyright © 2008 por Banco Internacional de Reconstrucción y Fomento / Banco Mundial Departamento de México y Colombia / Región de América Latina y El Caribe 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. www.bancomundial.org.mx Todos los derechos reservados Primera edición: junio de 2008 Para esta edición: Banco Mundial-México en coedición con la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social, México El Banco Mundial y la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social no aceptan responsabilidad alguna por cualquier consecuencia derivada de su uso o interpretación. El Banco Mundial y la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social no garantizan la exactitud de la información incluida en esta publicación y no aceptan responsabilidad alguna por cualquier consecuencia derivada de su uso o interpretación. Los límites, los colores, las denominaciones y demás información contenida en los mapas de este libro no presuponen, por parte del Grupo del Banco Mundial y la SEDESOL, juicio alguno sobre la situación legal de cualquier territorio, ni el reconocimiento o aceptación de dichos límites. Los resultados, interpretaciones y conclusiones expresadas en este libro son en su totalidad de los autores y no deben ser atribuidas en forma alguna al Banco Mundial, a sus organizaciones afiliadas o a los miembros de su Directorio Ejecutivo ni a los países que representan, como a la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social. Derechos y Permisos El material de esta publicación está protegido por el derecho de propiedad intelectual. Las solicitudes de autorización para reproducir partes de esta publicación deberán enviarse a Oficial de Comunicaciones de la Oficina del Banco Mundial para Colombia y México al Fax (55) 5480-4222 y a la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social, Unidad de Comunicación Social Fax (55) 5328-5000 Ext. 52019. Cualquier otra pregunta sobre los derechos y licencias debe ser dirigida al Banco Mundial en México en el número de fax referido. Impreso y hecho en México / 2008 Banco Mundial ; Secretaría de Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL) Coordinación Editorial: Teresa González de Cossio, Gladys López Acevedo, Juan Rivera Dommarco, Gloria M. Rubio Soto Diseño de Portada: Alejandro Espinosa Fotografía: Fototeca del Banco Mundial Nutrición y Pobreza : Política Pública Basada en Evidencia. – México : Banco Mundial : SEDESOL, 2008. 173 p. il. 1. Pobreza – México. – 2. Nutrición – México. – 3. Salud Pública – México. – 4. Malnutrición – México 363.80972/N88 Portadilla.indd 2 6/13/08 3:33:17 AM FE DE ERRATAS DEL LIBRO “NUTRICIÓN Y POBREZA: POLÍTICA PÚBLICA BASADA EN EVIDENCIA” Página 5. La Gráfica 1 dice “Prevalencia nacional de bajo peso, desnutrición crónica y emaciación en menores de 5 años por grupos de edad en 1988, 1999 y 2006”, debe decir “Prevalencia nacional de bajo peso, desnutrición crónica y emaciación en menores de 5 años en 1988, 1999 y 2006”. Página 5. En la Gráfica 2 la última barra dice “12.”, debe decir “12.7”. Página 6. En el primer párrafo dice “La Gráfica 3 presenta la prevalencia de bajo peso, desnutrición crónica y emaciación por región y tipo de localidad (urbana o rural) en 1999 y 2006”, debe decir “La Gráfica 3 presenta la prevalencia de desnutrición crónica por región y tipo de localidad (urbana o rural) en 1999 y 2006”. Página 6. En la Gráfica 3 las barras de tono claro representan el año de 1999 y las de tono obscuro al año 2006; las primeras 4 barras de la gráfica representan la región Norte, las barras 5 a la 8 la región Centro, las barras 9 y 10 la Cd. de México, de la 11 a la 14 al Sur y las últimas 4 barras de la gráfica representan la prevalencia Nacional. Página 12. El título de la Gráfica 9 dice “Sobrepeso (IMC 25-29.9) y obesidad (IMC>30) en mujeres de 20 a 49 años en 1999 y 2006”, debe decir “Sobrepeso (IMC 25-29.9) y obesidad (IMC≥30) en mujeres de 20 a 49 años en 1988, 1999 y 2006”. Página 33. La referencia [4] debe decir “Scott, John (2001). Progresa: una evaluación preliminar (versión final), Experiencias exitosas de combate a la pobreza rural. – Chile: CEPAL-FAO”. Página 39. En la Figura 1 la caja del diagrama que dice “3.3”, debe decir “Mejor Dieta”. El segundo y tercer nivel se refieren a “Posibles efectos” y el cuarto nivel se refiere a “Acciones”. Página 62. En la Gráfica 1 se ha incluido por error dos veces la leyenda “Efectividad de la Cobertura”. Página 80. La referencia [21] debe decir “Rivera J, Sotres D, Habicht J-P, Shamah T, Villalpando S. Impact of the Mexican…” Página 83. En el tercer párrafo dice “Con el comparación interno…”, debe decir “Con la comparación del control interno…” Página 89. En el último párrafo dice “(…y la lactancia prolongada hasta a los 2 años de vida)”, debe decir “(…y la lactancia prolongada hasta los 2 años de vida)”. Página 93. La referencia [9] dice “…Salud Pública en México”, debe decir “…Salud Publica México”. Página 103. En el pie de página dice “1Componente de la Componente de la sangre resultante tras permitir la resultante tras permitir la coagulación de ésta y eliminar el coágulo de de ésta y eliminar el coágulo de fibrina y otros componentes. y otros componentes”, debe decir “1Componente de la sangre resultante tras permitir la coagulación de ésta y eliminar el coágulo de fibrina y otros componentes”. Página 113. En el tercer párrafo las siglas MN se refieren a “micronutrimentos”. Página 127. En el cuadro 2 en el renglón de energía, para niños de 1-4 años en el grupo de despensa CON Educación dice “81**”, debe decir “82*”. Pagina 139. En el tercer párrafo dice “…y una mejoría en la concentración de suero ferritin y niveles de hierro en el cuerpo”, debe decir “… y una mejoría en la concentración de ferritina sérica y niveles de hierro en el cuerpo.” Pagina. 150. 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"3 %%%3 4 3 3 "3 $3^#3$#33].#":# "3%3L 3!3%3]#3##,30#./33 <#32$3:!3/3% J Portadilla.indd 31 6/13/08 3:33:22 AM #( 7B##GA1(T#.#C3 !!##3> !$$#!/!>$ 0 !3#1DDD'((K?1 K##GA'BT#. #C3>!# > #1DDD'((K?>!$E!#3 E#?!$3> # ! 7 1DDD E3 ##3!$#E#7 >!$ # # %! > '( G3 %# '('K3 # $' BT!$ #3##%$ #>!$ >E $## :# 3!$! #!## 0HG!( AJ -()$!( &(3( ())( 4(( ( $ $E $*2$( NA (E $ 59::8 5999 % ;<<= K( 6) 1 B( 66 7 6( 77 ' 7( '( 4+$ +$ '( J 16 B 1( K 1( ( 1D)) 1DDD '((K b@" ,#;0441DD)30441DDD04"48'((K ) Portadilla.indd 32 6/13/08 3:33:22 AM J $/( % ( /!$ /$ ? ## $ ##./ " # ? ! # # 1DDD '((K3 ?!?#1DDD $?## G<?.#3>##?% $ 0$#?##1DDD A?KC ?##$#%G#3 ?##7KTKJTF<6(T3> ? #!<# 3 !<$# #.###3#3?##7(T6(TG3 #<AB(TC 7(TBG <'(T ?$##'(T 7(TG3BT< ??1(T'(TG )T< 03#<3/# ####044=DDF#!$# ?% 0HG!( =J G!$!( /!$ /$ $ $E % / 3 $ 5999 1'G J( K( B( 6( 7( '( 1( ( 76G B11G < 2 ^ L# L# , ,#;0#4"4#'((K #1DDD'((K##G<3 ##E<#$#A?JC !<! AB K#CF< ! 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DB '( 1( 7K 1 7K D 1DDD '((K 'B ( 1D)) ,#;0#44#1DDD0#4"4#'((K 0/#####$ ; <3 # 1DDD '((K G AB 11 GC # !!!77TA1-GC3$'((K 'JT 0#A1'1DGC#?A16TC3( K -G3 77T3?#<#A?.# 1'6DGC3#?16T1 '-G3$J(T'((K 0#3!##!##%$.#$ ##$!# 0#!3 3!$!3>!#!$ $ 3 # ! % $# ># !# !< A? 1(C 0 !##!#! ! 0G3!3##! !3$ A4#./C$$ 1' Portadilla.indd 36 6/13/08 3:33:23 AM 0HG!( 5<J -()$!( &4 C4D % &( C&D $ / 3 ;< ( @9 (E 4 !$!$ $( $ 59::8 5999 % ;<<= )( J( K( ! 1D)) 1DDD '((K B( 6( 7( '( 1( ( 1 ' 7 6 B 4 ]#!# ,#;0#44#1D))1DDD30#44#"1DDD =J -) !"$ )( !( ( $/((8 &H!( % &%(!$ )( /()( $ !"$ ($ ) 4* ($H) # # #; # ?# #3 ? ? > #$## 0##3> 3# #?##A#C3> # ? =3 # > # ?# ? #A$#C3.#3 G<3?!## #3 3?##># =3#>$!33 >#!#$ #/#3# #! 3?#### # /3 > ! !3 # ! ##?##;$#$#$ 0#?#!3 3#>?###$.#!<# #@##? ?##?#%? %G!?##33## !?! 3 $! 17 Portadilla.indd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ortadilla.indd 38 6/13/08 3:33:23 AM 0(G!( 55J !$(3 4$( O --$ $ 4&'( ()/$(( $ 167!8 4-()$!( $ !"$ !"$!( *$! B( 6B 6( 7B # 7( # 'B ++4+ '( 1B 1( B ( 1D)) 1D)D 1DD' 1DD6 1DDK 1DD) '((( '((' '((6 '((B ,#;@40L ((1-'((K ;J 4$&)( % !$ / ()/$ %<!,@?!##3 $##3>$?# 0#1D)B'((7#$##$## $$### $##731DJ731J1MF $'3KK)'3BK(V$$#B'DK1(M # $>##!$ X1D)B%! $?$.# #!$#$## $$>##A<#3 %C # # #.# 1D))1DDD # !$# ## $3?$!###!? #$!#?F# #!# $3!%####$ #%! ##!#$#<?.#3 '7 BT7( 7TA'1C 4?###G BG3?3##$#$/A% ##C##3!>##### 1B Portadilla.indd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ortadilla.indd 40 6/13/08 3:33:24 AM ##3>%!#G!?$ @# >J 1&)( % /()( 0#1D)('((B%!###B G;KB'(1(((A'BC 0## # > #< $ E! # !#3 3 $ 3 # %# # 3$#!##>! $## @J ) -( #1)G>E##%%!! ###?! # $ %$ ! $$ ? !! 3 #!.3#?%$F### #>G#!#3## 0##%$#$##$.# 0 #?%$3!$ # #!33#$.#3# $#$3>?<#!#%$ #?#!#3 ###!<3>#?3%##?#$ 0#4"4#'((K##? #!!#'63'D1##1(1DG!/ " # #!# "# A+:]C # > # / # ? $ A,LC > ! 0 6(T # ? #>!6%,LF'BT?? ##A#6K D%,LC3#> 7BT #A1%,LC #!$$> ## 1'%?##A'KC 0# #3## #?3!># #<! #?> 1J Portadilla.indd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ortadilla.indd 42 6/13/08 3:33:24 AM <$#$?# 0$# #!!%?$ 0! ! %# >?# $#! 2 !!?3 $#!3#!#$$ %!###>! ##!?## $ <$ ## # ? 3 > ! !?E##>%! 1D Portadilla.indd 43 6/13/08 3:33:24 AM G$!( &)2HG!( 1 =*M R# SA1DD7C e,####?g I+;$%I 1(;761A))B(C I D7)=D61 ' = ===== @A1D)K!C e+?###3%%##3%%# 0$5g I+;$%&1(;1A)6)DC I 1(JJ=1()1 7 = *93 V#% 2 R# S A'((6C " ' ! ' ( ' ' I;+^+4 IA+##^4## ## %#F1C 6 =%3?2323 A1DDDC e2$!#?#?##$#% ? ? $# 9 $ # %$% ## *g I+;") ' %&L K34 K I 7D'=7DD B = 33 * A'(((C e0#!%$"#?#?%9$%# !#99;##g I+;*+)%==L 7'(AJ'66C I 1=K K =<40:"A./CA'((KC ,- .//0 I./;@40L ==%##;--999 $! / J = =3 R# S A'((7C e*#=?$ # / ; # ? #% ###g I+; 1 +23 IL 6B3 "# 6 I 6JJ=6)D ) = 2!#L#A1D)JC e%1D)K29# 4### ?$#;#%?#L#*1'$g I+;") 44 6K I 7)J=6('% D =2/3 43 A'(('C e8$#%?#$%#%;#% #!#9!#%9$%#!>#!ig I+; $% I $#71;7K(AD776C I KBD=KKB% 1( =+##3 R# S A''(KC e+##%%;%#%!?# Mg I+;") ' 4%&L )634 K I 1'K1=1'JK 11 = +###40##$?+?#A./CA1DDJC * % ,556 == ./; 0 +### 1' =%3V " %" VA1DDKC e9?#%?#%% ##?#%g I+;7 8%IL 1)34 ' I 1B)=1J6 '( Portadilla.indd 44 6/13/08 3:33:25 AM 17 = =3R# Se<g I0;$(+239 - :% I./;* I /3/ 16 = #3 A1DDBC e##?#%+4:?9=#g I+; ) '4%&L 1'B34 63" I 11'J=117)% 1B =4?3A'((KC e+#$@### ! ./g I 0; 7 3 .//0 I./;+###4":E! ==++ # 1K = @ =, R# S A'((KC 7 4 4 .//0 I ./ ; +###4":E! ==171 1J = "3 + R# SA'((KC 7 ' ( ;< 2=--(" ?,A? I./;+###4":E! == # "#4# 1) =3$R# SA1DD6C 4 9 B 1 ' I./;"#" ==A"4 BC IB1 1D =====R# SA1DDK!C e#??#?#?$$%%g I +;6 C+ 73 4 9 ' ' '8D9E F% I;0 0$ I 1DJ='((6% '( = ====R# SA'((1C 74 4,5559?G +23 I./;+###4":E!37'( '1 = =====R# SA'(('C e0$####/;? =!%!#g I+; 4% BB B; A1C I 117=1'' '' ======= "E=A'((7C e?#%/4#4##"1DDD; ##$####g I+; 1 +23%BBL 6B34 6 '7 = =$Y3 3 #=:#A1D)1C e:$!#< ###('KJ(#g I0; =%&4 77 I 1D1=1D7 '6 ="!%32 0 A1D)1C e!A#Cg ==+;$27% ' I4 1 I KJ7=K)6 'B ="E3 R# SA'((KC e+$%"/;#%$% I+; $ IL 7K)!ADBB1C I '(1J='('J '1 Portadilla.indd 45 6/13/08 3:33:25 AM 'K = "%%3 R# S A'((KC e#?#g ==0; 74 4.//0 I./;+###4":E! == 1(B=1(D 'J = 5 2#% @$ # A1D)7C + 4 9 ' ' ' I;52@ ') =^$30M%0 A1D)6C e5$ ,g ==+;!8 IB#% == 5%$#3 ;%4##,#3 I 77 '' Portadilla.indd 46 6/13/08 3:33:25 AM (4* ) ; -($! % )( )*!( ()) !() $ 167! 599=?;<<= 2 E< $ !!"$ %#1DDB<$#$!/ !#!3#?# !#$ "#>#?%# ./ 0 # !# > $ $>?#!E! ##E! 0##!!#>1DDJ%#! ?# # ./3 < # $$<#!3>/## $ 0<?3<## $####3> $>3>%#>?## # 0# < > ?! # # E! %# % #G ####G ? $ > # # # "#" ,#3##!.!#?#>E# # '( ! /# I! #I'((B3./#<?!#># ##E#1(G J $( )(2( (!"$ 4)*!( !() $ 167! ./3%.#3%#$## $ #=%!$## ###$ #G%#AC $3##E! J%# $%#!<#?## # $#%#E#?F33*>3" 3 A'((1C; e $ #! #3 ./ % !###Qg 0#1DB(1DD(#$#E!#?##3#?# ! 0?!#67 'T1' KT3?#$ )' DT'( (T#<%$#K(T1' BT 4 3#!.%>!% ####?#3# !3?!?##!#!) 0$#G'((J3#33$3#!<3 !$3/#! L0>33 =L A'((BC '7 Portadilla.indd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ortadilla.indd 48 6/13/08 3:33:25 AM ?##!3$%#?# ! # $ ? ! #3 # ! #?%$ 5J 4 $( 0 $ 2 @#3 ! 1DDK ? :$1(3#!<#?#! 113# # % #$#3 # G <3 # 3# 0 $ $ # 3 ## #! #?##% 3 /#$ $# 3##E##E# 7((? :#3G#$3 #? %$ ## !? # ? 1' !# % ? # # $3> >###/ # ###$3G'((($#' 6? '7FG'(('?#!3 !# 6 '? 0'((J3$D77' #3#B%$ : # #3 $ $ $ # ? 3 ##$#?!#! ? :$ % # #; 3 ? 0# <%#/#!3#?<<$ $#<#$ 03$#< $$?!3 ?#$>G 17 $ ! # ! ? @# ! 1)B 163 # # # !<##G<3 $ ? ! # %# 1B 0 # # $ # $## ? !? :$03"# 0$###<?e#! g#? ! ? ##3#<$# ! ?@40L %%$!?3G. L "##A'((1C3 ! %!#$>##$A$#C 'B Portadilla.indd 49 6/13/08 3:33:26 AM 0##31)B3$#! ##G'G1KA4#C<! #A4#C 0#? ## ####$ %#### ! > /$ !?F # $ 0##3#$#A#!#C #<#>G<#)(T3>## ?##3>!?!? ##.$ ! ./#3 $ % # !# $$? ?3>%/## 0# #$#$!E# :G '((73 ! /# %# A0"C # ##@#3#!<#$ #0" 1J ;J2(/( &( !() !. !$( 0 $ !# " % A:"C # $ G #3?#?#%? ./#%E!4#!$ A4C #3$%/3## D%#' )?!? #.$%>3?? #! 31)>##$##K1'G3<#1'1B G3<$##3<6BBDG3? 1'G-#K(G :! ####3?%#6#% 3/'6# 0#'((1'((K3:"?%7 B(#3$ !?%%#B) BT#% #G '((J3##6F!$3!# %#3%#K(T #E#1(G3$%/##?## 03 ##A!##3? #!#!C# #A$? #C3$#!%/# ## ./# $#$%<!# #!%#.#3<$ 0#3#?%#G6G @#!%#>#737((##> ## eg % 3 # ##!#!#.##3 ##e#g< 0$#!! #3! ? <40:#" 'K Portadilla.indd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ortadilla.indd 51 6/13/08 3:33:27 AM 8# ?####!AC3'((J $#!!#?# ? # ># 1JB '( # # ? /# # ! # #! "#" '1 ##3 $ ? # ! ! #3 ! < F > ?# ?## # 3 @# $ " !$3 ! # # #3 $ # ? ?#$ +#3$ #'B7%$B3J(( "!$3%#$3 #!##$@# 3#/ @#3#G:<'(T!# B(T %$ # /# '((K3 : # /#1)T!!<# "!$3>! $$?%$!<#I%! ?=#####!#! 0#1JB?<# "!$3## '(( 0/###!##$3$ 0$3#$##;?<3 3% 3#3%3 ##E ') Portadilla.indd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ortadilla.indd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ortadilla.indd 54 6/13/08 3:33:28 AM 3% ? ? E!>>$# $$#$$3#@# $#? ? >$? !# 3 # # ## ? /##%<# ? ? #<?3#!.!?3 !? 0# E# ! !# $ # > E#G## /$> #. ? ? $# #.# ,#3#'(((?>#$#### G 0.?<!# 3?#$3# ##$ #$ #!.>#$?## !$$3>#<$ #!<$#3 #>#$>%!>$%<### 0 '((B<40:#"A@40LC#> 6JT! 3>? >% # # # 3 # % % % ! 3 $ ! % ? ./ # $## J 2(/( L!()'( $-() 0 # A C3 ? < $%$#$3#!.$$! ? ##.?F?#!./#A> !$##>e! g!!?CF? #$# >?! 3% # $ ? ! ## ?!#?>$ 8##>!# #!$A#%!###%#<# C3 > ?# # $ # # ? 3 G %! # > ! $? #G##$##$ $#$<$>%/## !!3$#$3 #$? '6 J .$!( % ()!($! )( )*!( ()) !() A'((KC 71 Portadilla.indd 55 6/13/08 3:33:28 AM ##$#$##%# " !$3 > ! 3 # ! G ## #?%%# #!< #'((('((K? #E!# 3 %% %!# 2 /# 'D( $ # #3 # /# ####%$## J /( -() (!"$ % /$ ##% %?3 !$3%#<# 0$3#./A C3## <#%## # $# I3 3 $ % 3 $#3# 0$$3>? # ## # < = 3#$3##3$#=$ G$$#<$# 0 #$##!<!<#3 ?>!.###?##$# <3# 0 E# # # # # 3###$ "!># #$#??#A# #<#!#$C3<# > # $ < !# ! 0 ###<GG $3!?!$3#! 7' Portadilla.indd 56 6/13/08 3:33:28 AM G$!( &)2HG!( 1 =0>2 33, =!#L. < A'((KC - +239,56/B./// I./; "00"@ IA"#+#$F'JC ' =3"#$A'((KC -(+239HI22 BJ%==1/ 7 =33 3" *> A'((1C e:#$ ##./g ==0; 1 +23 ==L 6734 B 6 ="#3%A'((1C 9 D' F-733 ( I%;0:=,@ B =" .M3$A'((7C 2$# I./;"00"@ I'' ==A%F'C 77 Portadilla.indd 57 6/13/08 3:33:28 AM (4* ) > 2(/( % 4)*!( )(!$( !$ )( $ !"$ $ 167! =3"3:%j3"*>33"3:%j3+ ="3j #+#$4#"+###4":E! $ !!"$ 0 # # # # # ! / # E# . ,# ! # #>#! 3./#$%# $##<#$!33 #$ ?#!# 0###$ #%3.3$#;! #A$ $C3##! !3 $ #! # # %$3 3 ?#? # $ 3 ##3 #! # ?$ ## ?#? # $ !? L###$3?#?# $ 3%G## #3#?###E #E! ##./ "% / G # ##$3 $ # > % ./A1=7C 0###>$!./ %%%$# :<31DD7#?$#! '$#3$ ! 0# # $ # ! $# ! < # ! "!$3###3#3 ?##.A.1DD(C !< # A # C?? 0###!<###!/# # $ # # ./3 ! $ # #$ 0%#%#!# $?%## 0$ G$##### !A# #0#4"4#'((K304"48C ?####E! 0%###.# %#$3%??! ####1 76 Portadilla.indd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ortadilla.indd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ortadilla.indd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ortadilla.indd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ortadilla.indd 62 6/13/08 3:33:29 AM #!#!#!##< ##! L2 ( 5J G! 4$!() )( (!!$ $G!(( 4(( /3( ) ( $ !"$ )( 4&)(!"$ C/(! !$!4 () 4(( ) E 42(/(D <# 77 ? 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BC 3 !3 $>? !#!>!? $?#$$#!A?KC 0 JT%$!!?F#<!? !# # # # $ ? %$$# #<!? !<#?1 DTJ 'T3##3##<!? !<!#( 73>%$#>!? $ # %$ !< % @# $#!? !##$$!# ?% 3##?##G/ 6K Portadilla.indd 70 6/13/08 3:33:31 AM > % % ?#? 0 # 1 # > G?!A7(TC># !# !< # A 1KTC 0 3 !< #>$? !#3? E>>>##### 3 # % # # ?#?#!#%# 0 >%#G >$$ ##3!%# "> !>? ?! #3$!>%%>%$!? !!##%3>!#!$! #! 6B 0HG!( AJ !$(3 .2( &$G!( 4 $( $ ) ;<<= 4 !) !$!$ &$(J D( JK J )( J( 1AJK JC-1(A( )C`DB ) K( B' 6 B( 6( 6( 7( ') 7 '6 7 1) D '( 11 ' K) 1( 7K 1D () ( 4 1 ' 7 6 B K J ) D 1( ,#;0!!0#4"4#'((K 6J Portadilla.indd 71 6/13/08 3:33:31 AM 0HG!( =J !$(3 .2( &$G!( !$( $ ;<<= 4 !) !$!$ &$(J 16 11 ) 1' 1A1 DC-1(AJ 'C`( 'K D) DJ 1( )) ) J) ) ) J' ) K B 6 1D ' ( 4 1 ' 7 6 B K J ) D 1( ,#;0!!0#4"4#'((K @J ) 42(/( (% $ !)( 0# ##$ # > ? G # A# @#C ,$)#>#<!? >#!# 0$!JT! 0 !<31' BT%$!!?%$#> ##<' 'T ##<!?!<!# B J3 ? DK @#3 ( 7 # < G#3!#>#<### %$#!!? 0#$ >$!?### # ##3!!##!!3 G %<## K3>#?##!##! E3#$>## ! ###>#$$0 0 ?#$;%3$#3#3 3!3 >#3%#3<$3 0##$;%33#3 #<3 3?. 3?<3$#3 E3%#3#/# 3%#$3#E#3 ##3#3%#3$#333% /# 6) Portadilla.indd 72 6/13/08 3:33:31 AM ##?#3#?#!# $># 0HG!( BJ !$(3 .2( &$G!( (% $ !)( $ ) ;<<= 4 !) !$!"$ &$( 16 1' B 1A1 'C-1(A' 'C`B J 1' DJ 1( )J J1 J J6 ) DK BJ K 67 7B 6 '' ' ( 4 1 ' 7 6 B K J ) D 1( ,#;0!!0#4"4#'((K ::$#A:C?! ? ? 0# '((K3 > .# # # ##$ :? ? /#$A +4":C 0 : # > ? >! 3 ! >7JT !$''T!#$! $ #!?#$#$!$ ?( BD 0####J># #?#$ 0##### #1DDD'((K3%?!<!# $3$>@###!#A <3 JJT B'T3 !< $#3 ##C 0# # $>@###?###3 >##/###%? # > # # 6 ! ?# @# < # G !#3 ##/#A'C>##B !3#!?##$@# ## 6D Portadilla.indd 73 6/13/08 3:33:31 AM > % # # $ # # ./3 # ? ? # ###3?#!3 %>#!E! :3# ## # $ ? > # #? ## ?# # $# $ <# !#$ 0#3$##./# $ #$ # # # <# 0##$>##3E## <#"#"?3 ## $ #!. % %% ! # A C##><#!? #$ #? # > $ % $ # # ?# $ ,###$###> #####! !<# # # $ ? $<3?!<#G$ ? 0 3 < #! ? $ ##%$!#3># '((K/##<%$>#>!!? 0 $><? !# # !? @# ! ? > ? #$3?#@#3<#? %<? $%$ #<# 3<###1DDD'((K$?## $@#3>#?# >### J ##$#### ! # ! # #3 $ /##?#3?3!#? 3 # !?$#!!<#3 !?# J ) /4E )( 4 ( !() 2($'(( # # 0# ?# # !# @#3 $$!#3>? ?#># $ #!### ! # B( Portadilla.indd 74 6/13/08 3:33:32 AM !>#?## #$# @#%#?#<# G33#F#$ ## ! ### E# # G $ ## !# @#3 >$>%#?# $ #?##G3>?# ##3 !#?# # E##G! ##!#@#3>$>?#33 # #A'C%%%?G$ ?#>3>!#<?# ?# %#?#!3># #$3##K !##$>##?# ! 0$ # ! ? 3 > !?##%$>#$3> ? %?## @#$>%#?####: "!# %#F>?G$%$!< $ !# @#3 > % ## # # $3#? $>## %$! 0:%$<#GG% # # # G 3 ## % !! ?# 0$%#?## #! 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A!!#CF!$#0,>#?>! !?$#$!?#$! 30?#!#A0C?)(T?$3 0#J(TJDT?>#!<!# ?!<# ##00,!> 0,#??3@#%$!? #%$$!$! 0##3$# !!#!# 0HG!( 5J & (8 )2&)(8 G!-( )( G!()'(!"$ % )( !& ( $ - )$(&) ) 2(/( 4 $( D( )( D( J( )( K( J( B( T K( 6( B( T 7( 6( '( 7( 1( '( 1(( ( !# 0$! !# 0$! 0?#? 0?#!# 0?#? 0?#!# +$ +$ L! *< 4# *< L! 4# " " 1]# 4"0 1]# 4"0 ,#;0!!0#4"4#;<<=J K' Portadilla.indd 86 6/13/08 3:33:34 AM BJ -() (!"$ /4(! ) 42(/( $ ) ( $ !"$ $E % / 3 0G#?/##$# $;C$>!!?$#A? 1DD)C3!C#>!G.A1J=1DC #$%$!?% $ $#1DD)3#!%!##%$!? 0 G$##!=#$ %?G'(((3G.F#>#! > ?# # ?# ! # G / $ ## ! > # ?$!$#'((13<#?!# $###%# ?'((( " !$3 ###= #G 0#G#3##3%!## G<#$?G#A1DDDC3 #?##%$!3>? #G3?#?##3 > E3?!# ?#$G/ $3>#%?!?####$ > # ! / # 13 # $#G###> # # A <3 # #C $# ?#!# ?#/#3 <3#G 0#1##! #!##!<#!# :<3 ##1DDD!<#! !<!#A#6(TB(TC$# A''T='BTC :##3?#!G/# #3<3GB1DD)3!#!<> !!?$GA,$1C K7 Portadilla.indd 87 6/13/08 3:33:34 AM /4(! 4( L2 ( 5 <9 ?9: +# +# <9?99 55 ?<< (IB 1'I1J '6='D KI1' 1)='6 7(=7K 1'I1J '6='D 1)='6 7(=7K +# .1G # $ 0# # +## .'G # $ 0#$##!1DD)3#>! !?$3 #!>!#?># # :##3##!!1DDD3#!! '(((#$# # #3 # $# # # #; 1C # #3##3G>#G< ! # # 'C # $# G > ? #$##!##1'>? ##1DDD'((( !# >!# #.###G<##13 ! # #! $3!>!## 8! >! >3 # 3 !#3 !# # # # ##A##3#3#%C3 .#A3#3L3?$33#$C A$3#3!#!3#.?CA1BC K6 Portadilla.indd 88 6/13/08 3:33:34 AM G! ) 42(/( $ )( $ !"$ ) $E ##>1DDD)(TG$ #?#?A4#C3#>BJT$#A# C A1)CJ ">##?Aa6 C # ?# # G : <3 # # # # ?# ## # G ##4#3D(=1((V A)C 0 4## # #DKVA'7C3# %3?# #G/3## # 0#!4#>##G3!$3> #%!##G# A66$4#C /!>#<#G$# #3#>!?## #!##?#? n#1BT !??>#?#?#!#G G37(T##>G6G !<3#1DT##> 4# !# 0# % $3 %% > # $ @##!## #?#? 4#3$>##$#3%!?# ?#<?# !? 0$3#4##$#!!? "!$3 ?# > ? ?# ! E !%$3!##!#?#! ??#>#!#4#3>%!> # 0###3# #$#G# 1DD)3 1DDD '((' ! ?# # ! # ? / $$%$###?!#3> !? $# # # A# K3'6=7( C3 G3 # # 1 1 > G ! $ A'1C A? 'C 0# ? ## >#A( 6J^C>?## $$#A?7C KB Portadilla.indd 89 6/13/08 3:33:34 AM 0HG!( ;J $!/$ (3 ( $ )$2 599: ( ;<<< ) 2 4 2( % $) 4 ( % '6 B '6 ' '6 ( '7 7 '7 1 @# '7 7 '7 ( '' ( '6 7 '7 J '7 B '' B # '' K '' ( '1 B '1 ( '( B *<4"0 #4"0 *<4"0 #4"0 ≥K1DDD \K1DDD j<#3/$#1DD) ,#;/#:$ 0HG!( >J ( )( CQD ) 4 $(3 ())( 4(( )( ( G /3 $ )( )!()( $ 42(/(5 (G!($ 4 G! $!( $ !$ / % $-) 4&'(J ( 6J (B #^0 (6 (7 (' (' ( 1J # *< ( 11 (1 ( 1 :! :! <#^#-!3/3#!#?#? ,#; #+?##:$##G G# ""-+4":'((1 "#?##$G KK Portadilla.indd 90 6/13/08 3:33:34 AM +#3=#%!!? @# 0?#?1(##'(T >!!?$#G 0#?#!## #A?6C "!$3!$E?### % ?# # ## ! G #?#?3>?## >##$ ?##!.!3!!#>!$> #! # - > # % # 0HG!( @J -()$!( ($/(R $ 5999 $ )!()( O !&$ ) &$G! ) 42(/( ($ $ (E % )!()( !$) (J ( KB : (K :`( ('K ( BB # (B :$ ( 6B (6 ( 7B (7 17=1J j<### 1)='( '1='7 '6='J AC ,#; #+?##:$##G G# ""-+4":'((1 0 G # # #! ?# # $E # ?$ ?##4#3< #G!#- # #? #3 ! <#.#<#!#%$ KJ Portadilla.indd 91 6/13/08 3:33:34 AM #3?###%$ 8##A16C># ##+4":#> # G !? $ < 3 ## # 3%# #!4# #!####<># <!4### 8!/ %% > # G # % < A/ 4#C><#?3># G#### ?## # ? 0/# # > # ! %$ G!## -() (!"$ ) G! $ / 3 ?#4#<$!?? !G '(T! 1(T <#$##A# C <## 3!3#%# # #3 ?# # !< A16) ' C 0 _ A+C < > ! !? $?'B J±6 'B3>!?'B 7±6 B13#?? ###$?# #?!!3 ?B' 6T$6JT. :!#?< $A'B JTC>$A'1 7TC3> ? ? ###$?# ?#?#<!?$!!#! !<4#3### " ! ?# $3 > #3 # ##'((( ##?$# ## AL#C?7( D$-$<$'D D$-> !!?$A`( ('C3#?AL#0C?1(B11(6D $-3 ##F \( ((B ! 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ortadilla.indd 108 6/13/08 3:33:37 AM $ 4/#?G#> ?!A11C # $ #!. # # ( B M$ #G>#K! 0# G#$####$ #A#!#CA11C 0$##%$!A( 7$-CG '67BA'=7GC3#! #$ 0##?#GA7K6J376GC3 G # # A'6 6J C /#1'TG'6G# 8# #3##<#%A?#.C # A# .C $?#3 # G > # 4$A#CA1)C J H!!( )(!($!( /#BT3@## /#>#?#$ # / /# ' B ## 3 @#3?#$% 0####A #; /3 # C ? $?## $ @#A16 (o) )C>$@#A1K 7oD (C J $/(8 2($($!( 4 % 4-()$!( &4 % &( $ / 3 0'((63/#1KT<! # 4 ###!# %$!'((''((63!$<>?# 'T!<##!<A+\1) BC3 ?#<@# !!A+'B ( 'D DC ! A+ a7( (C ? /# BDT '((' 0 '((63 # /# 7T ? ?# # ! $% # !$<>!#A#$#C3# @# # # + /# ( J #%#+<$?E# >#!?!!'(('A?1C )B Portadilla.indd 109 6/13/08 3:33:37 AM !+'((''((6AM$- ' C 0HG!( 5J$!/$ $ 1 $ ;<<; % ;<<@ 4 ( 4 $ ) ;<<; "@# @# " "!! "! @! 0##!A'(('C ,#;0## J $ / % 6! $ $E % !$ / $ / 3 % $0"#>GK7K3 4###$###$# $# %3 3#?##%!###G G ###- #!< $ # # 4 $##$?### %3 3#? # !$ > # %! $ 4 ## # $ ###G>#%!$#?#? 4!?##G@#3# G$>4 %$3 %! # # > # :$ @#$#?#3#$A'C " !$3#.#%!#G'6G< #0!'((63%!?#.##># @# # ! E # ? E## ! ? ## # !? $ !3$344#!# ! !? ! #3 # 77T G # 4$A#C$GA1KC3 # > # 1JT $ A1=7 C A# !C G>#$3?3 )K Portadilla.indd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ortadilla.indd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ortadilla.indd 112 6/13/08 3:33:38 AM %?# ?#?4->%## "#!'((BA#6C3#G> $ "$#?%#G #.#?#?3!>#!. 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( )( )*$( 2"$ $ )( 4-()$!( )( $ !"$ $G($) C4!$(3 $E /$ A (E !$ &(3 4 4(( )( (D % ) $-) ) () 4 !H4( 59BA?;<<=J ,#;+3*3'((J3!#@$ " QRNS+9: 1B) Portadilla.indd 182 6/13/08 3:33:53 AM L2 ( BJ !"$ 167! 4! ( )( )*$( 2"$ $ )( 4-()$!( )( $ !"$ $G($) C4!$(3 $E /$ A (E !$ &(3( ())( 4(( )( (D % ) $-) ) () 4 !H4( 59BA?;<<=J 0.34"/".4"&.3..''. %..'.. ,-./..''012% %. ,#;+3*3'((J3!#@$ " 0# < >3 # 1D))='((K3 ./ % # ###!#?#> :+*#3!%%>#! #$ "!#!.>3# $3# 1D))'((K./$#$?## ?# "!>#:+*#!#1D))'((K #G$?#!< !<# 0$># 1BD Portadilla.indd 183 6/13/08 3:33:54 AM #!#?#3> ?# $# # 1D)) '((K3 ./ E # #?#>:+*# :##3/# # # E! ?# # #>#?#!% /## 1K( Portadilla.indd 184 6/13/08 3:33:54 AM G$!( &)2HG!( 1 =@3M*tA'((7C e%52#%@$ #!#! %9#%##;#%$#g I+; ) '7 ==L 7'34 6 == B1)=B'K ' = 993 : A'(()C3 e4## #g I +; 48 L ' 7 I' =="#?9*A#C;:$ 7 = +### 4 " :E! A'((KC 7 4 4 .//0 D74"4E .//0F-##@ , QR# S I./;+###4 ":E! ==%##;--999 /-#6 = @$ "A'((JC : L :8+ I !3" ;@" ==%##;--999 9% #-#$9#%!-B = "#%3 9 2 A'(('C e29 :## + 0 9#% $ 8##i 5%# #% :#%9 ? +#i 49 =# 0g I +; 7L ==L B13+1 == BB=JK K = "#3%%A1DD)C e2#%34##30#g I+; ) '7$ ==L 7K34 '3 == JKK=)1J J =5*MA'((JC C L %==5%$#3 ;%5*M == 999 9!M $-#-#!-#! %# 1K1 Portadilla.indd 185 6/13/08 3:33:54 AM Nutrición y Pobreza : Política Pública Basada en Evidencia Se terminó de imprimir en junio de 2008 en IMPRIME TUS IDEAS, S.A. DE C.V. Kepler No. 59, Col. Anzures, México, D.F., www.imprimetusideas.com La edición consta de 520 ejemplares. Portadilla.indd 1 6/13/08 3:33:17 AM Sedesol_Nutricion.indd 1 www.sedesol.gob.mx www.insp.mx nutrición y pobreza: política pública basada en evidencia www.bancomundial.org.mx Nutrición y pobreza política pública basada en evidencia 6/13/08 3:57:05 AM