Departamento de Física Aplicada III Facultad de Ciencias Físicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Crecimiento y caracterización de superredes basadas en Superconductores de Alta Temperatura Crítica: relación entre microestructura y propiedades. Memoria que presenta María Varela del Arco para optar al grado de Doctor en Ciencias Físicas Directores Carmen Inés Ballesteros Pérez Jacobo Santamaría Sánchez-Barriga Madrid, 2001. 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143?=]H6;/JD=B=3 1\A6B=3lG 1P3?=A>5L84D=B=31;/nAL8568QI=As8 I. v rp ¾|B9GFD=1De1 Posición Especie química absorción imagen n Pr Pre4,5 ! eV borde n Pr Post4,5 ! eV borde PreY 4,5 ?v eV borde Y Post4,5 ?v borde = = X 9¿ X 9¿ n1;± ²YQGFD9H6D=8D=1 Resolución 1;/J1;GS<L8Z^ eV) 91 3:J847;HL8;A¯^ nm) 103 1.14 133 0.97 149 0.91 277 0.69 eå ïñålê6ç ví ïñãSöQâ îYí ÷å;öQâñåQïPðñí ä>âñöQå÷å;ä@åöQå;ôåãSîSåôízïñå ö;ãSåQðñä â ë QìSíNîSí @âõïñðõä>åQôå íNîí;îSíQä×ì ñå íQì î í;åQî åQô ãSâñä>âõôå kå;îSðñí ôí ÷ã ôí;ï ä>ôízôízå ä_öQâ î 0ö ä@ä>í ÷ îSôå;î\åQï4íQïñíNëYíNîSð ù Pr. w x e ^ c `3 Y 95 ./ a 3 b > R 6 F B=3g]%B9oJ1Q]%B=3m1;/%?=/%G 8;/lB%DV1|GF193 B9A>?J7;HLR9/143:J847;HL8;A 7P1;GS748;/JB%8QAY/l8;/JR9]%1Q5>GFB=qALB¶{9?J1 :J1;G]H>5L1:J1;GcuF147;568Q]¶1;/=561)1435>?JD9H68QG/=?z1935>G 843T]?=A>5@H6748Q:J843 br³gB9/~1435L8G 143 B9A>?J7QH6R9/Ò193:J8P7;H68QA3N1 :=?J14D=174B9/J3N1P9?=H>Gr74B9/=5@GF8435L174B9]:JB=3H67QH6B9/J8;Ag1;/UA6843H>]¸P=1;/J143rD=1$. v[0.0X H@/J7;A>?J3 B:J8NGF8Z?=/l8 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(1993) x £JDãGsåhs?AD5BE sdPKjm¨5f@j^@^Mb@EmGusÊ<;EB y WYK_I m$f+aK_IRpbK_ILmãGaCsKEUsMbDGILEmG¨HJH5WTå y n[OoG?AK_j}j~ 64, ¡JÏJÓ 5__5PØY xÏJ5É{sÔ[ILKNn$m$f`f$ y QTm5f`AGÉ{OdPKNQTmGÉuJ y @E×mGÔ\GqD5OoED5så y n©O_ÆKNabG 49m|¡5ÖJ¡vÓL5__5PØ J J5É{sÇ¥@s@EJKE m ãG# =AKEJK_M y @sJK M[mÇi ]¥sÇi@_p[K_IFVK QYK_I mÊ7$f@_ILUcDM[@EGå y n$O_ÆKNabG?AK_jj^ 805m PJ J _J5{ {sÔ[d$W`WYK_Ij^DGMbm5c |Ü5B y d5W`WYK_ILmGÇ¥GÚi@_MbUJK_I Oj}IL@EK~j^K_M[m$CsfIdJnkMPO_K_IL@EKEUJKsmå y nbO_ÆKNabG _J_JÓ 5__JJØ 5 3J?AJÜIQ`ab@NM[K_ÕPmÊ7$Ü5Üd5MbUGF@NMJM[m$Ü5ÜQFZDGj^D$5m ãEsÊQTB_ILD5OoBsR5 3]JÏJÏÓ 5__JØY Js©Ô\GÇDt^K_I mÛáw aIoD$JJK_Io+m aJÜDsj y W}K QejYM[K_ILmGåsÛá@_IpJQYB y WYK_ILm ]Wj}IL@NF]QYB_ILD5OoBEDGHJnÍ£JÏJ+m J¡ (1998) (1997). 45, sJ+cL`Ü5B y d5W`WRK^ILmÊ7waIQ`FVOoUGQj^B y mGÔ\5 y @NF]pPK_IÈOom+aG¤¥K^ab@_M[KEmÇiGÚ¥@_M[UJK_ILOTj}IL@EK_j^K_M[m¤i ¥KEK^I^Q`M[B_ÕPm¢ãE >JåG?D5BE sdPK_jm$GfIdJnkM[OoK^IL@EKEU5KEmGå y n[OoGÆK_abG?AK_j}j mPsJ¡]ÓL5__3cØ 65 s¡J©ÊsÚi@_ILK_W}@EmcÛáw aIND5JJK_ILms¤is¨IQT@Oo?m =A5PK^t}I^Q}Dd5QTm5AG?AKESGMbm5f@_W`WYKOj^K_IoD$O_m K.M. 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DE9q9RRKET¥6VTVxEN[THB6HGFfFPJDE96HG\>$K9IHSN]G GO:SZ9IÁDE9;6MEN]BP9IOB DE9TV>JM6WG;:?SZGP;TH<b:½B DE9IOBQETH E9;:CGrP;TH<b:=|@giBb:16HGQIM09;6V`POKn6GQIDE9¿pgs DE9IBbET E9A:CGDEGQIoI9_IWT RK09_9;6>TIW>YBPZN[T^SZ9ON[THB|R5v:Y9;609ÿ;r9 | DE9pu=GpN]9OMENA9I9O:?SZGDEB6HG\DE9;8ZBQN[>YGP;TH<r: N]9;6HGOSLT¥UCG_DE9PRGDEGiKE:CGDE9s6WGRIsDEBIiDRTILSZGO:CP;TWGQIT¥:?SZ9ON]GOS <Q>TWPQGIOC9;:c Gj7I9pMET¥:?SZGX6HG\DQTIHSZGO:=P;TG9;:?SN]9 Mn6HG;:CBnIOoPBb: ε = ∆ Re Cu 2 Re Cu 2 À9A:¤cexCjIO9>$K09QILSNAGJ6HGDE9A8ZBbN[>YGP;TH<?:N]9O6GOSLTVU0GDE96HG DQTHIHSZGO:0P;TG_9O:SN]9_9;6GXÀJ6WGRIsPRGDE9;:=GQI ε = ∆BaCu1 BaCu1 ILTH RKT9A:CDEB@9;6n>TWI>YB@PON[T^SZ9ZN THB@G;6 GIWT Q:CGONv6BnIUCG;6HBQNA9IoDE9_9RKTV6tTVxEN[THBn| 0 0 c 0,0 0,0 -0,2 -0,2 -0,4 ∆Tc/Tc ∆Tc/Tc c -0,6 -0,4 -0,6 !#"#$#% &')(!* +&'-, . &')/!* +&'-,#0#1 2 2 3# . &')/!* +&'-,#0###"!$#% . &')4!* +&'-,#0#1 2 2 3# -0,8 -0,8 -1,0 -0,03 -0,02 -0,01 0,00 -0,04 -0,02 0,00 0,02 0,04 ∆BaCu1/BaCu1 ∆ReCu2/ReCu2 ÃrÄA@§ÅAÆÇ 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R÷e÷9N9÷ j &4 ù g, C PQÿ 2 1P è ô_HôôôK J wPO3vö9÷ Rÿ j ñfP r@PO^ÿXü 0AÿXö e÷Xú j rDPÊ3tP #ÿ ',?=ÿX ú =ÿNü\ú j s@P qPÊQ÷ Aü\ú j rDP ñPÊr&ü\úAùPÊa#ÿmP ñ1 þ PÜ, C P 66 ß}_HôôzK ÊñP Ü`P s@P^=ü W,Qÿ jG P s@P G =÷ L ÷ 9ù j s@P ÜP1wõ ùASú 0PÜ, C Pa#gÿ mPQÿ 1P 66 ßôcHôôK C ßÊ@P F P^ªü W,=1ÿ j ñfP ÜP s@P^ªü W,Q1ÿ j DP s@PX# ù NÿPÜ, C PaM1ÿ mP3 43 JkHôôK 4/P¢ÿ =1ÿ j P&4ü9þAÿXöYö O , j a5P X@PO~wd1û ,PÜ, Pa#gÿ mPQÿ 1P z _Hlôôß?K C 68 PO^ª*ü fûg,Qÿ j 65P 3/ùAú^únÿ j Q$PÊs&? ú 1O0?úQ÷ VVD÷ j âP ñfP G ü fûú=ÿ j Q$PÊñüClÿ mAü\ö·öKÿ j ñP 5P~1÷ Aù j [14]∅ ÜPmQ÷RúiþAÿ Q4ü}únþAÿXú j âP s@PÀs@Pܱÿ GÿN ú S8×PÜ, C KüCûD÷ 3 177 i kHôôßK } $P F ÿNø ü Pù1ü j DPOswü9÷ j ^`POñf ÷Nö9ÿ j ñfPOr÷ GÿXö9÷ j 4$PÊQÿ?ýú j atP &(NûNù=þAÿ j âP F ÷NE ú R÷ i÷ 9NC÷ Ü, P a#gÿ m_3 J}z}JôkHßJJK 63 C w õ PÊQ²üù j DP 35PÊX¢÷ mAü\öC÷XúQþ j Q$P\-õ P Iö9÷ Vge÷Xú j s@PÊñfP 5Pö9þ ÷XSú PÊÜ, C PÊa#ÿ mSPÊQÿ P 68 ßßßz 2i¡¬$P F ÿRøRüù1ü j DPÊsw L j ñPÊr « ·F ¶¬ « C¸ FGH E« « ¹ CH 9« GH ¬ F s« (1992) Pú Hc@P³&,? (1996) võ&÷VDþA÷NúAü j j s@P s« ÷ 1ü ;ùdö\ú1ü s@P/~ M #ÿD÷Kö;ÿ C j ñfP atPÔ3 82 C #ÿ ÿ Pa gmP`Q 1P 76 }ßô nÿ ún÷ n÷ ¢÷Xö\ö*hPÜ, C PÀa#ÿgm_3 54 a{} zôkHôô K F RÿNü\ú j 5P s@PEQÿgmAü\ú j 4/P4/Ps&öe÷f÷Xú j DP s@P &÷*)Nÿ _dü j ñfP 35Pñ¤÷1döCÿPÜ, Pa#ÿgmPQÿ 2 1P C iÊâP s@PO4, lm j âP ñPr ô G P PÜ, GF « « GF µ ßô}}kHôôôEK ¤÷1* N\ú=ÿVBs#ö=ÿ 1O j aPñ³üM ÷XúQþA÷ j s@PXÿún÷Nú=þOPÜ, C Pa#ÿmSP3 2ßJÊâP Q$Pñ 136 55 j JiJ_HôôGHK Conclusiones. !"#$%& '$()#! %&"*+ ',%-$/.0".0$1&23$ &-$)41567981"4& '3&:';&- %3 '"<&".1"#$!2=&->?#@A'@B'% '& % C>D EE%F ' @ D !1FG@& '"H'& 'BI 'JLKNMPOQ0'>& 'BR 'SJRKNMRORTVUWK9MROSXY=Z#4".0! &B#&"*BI%B@EF4B[.0\B[].1$$#$&X • M[%@.^E"$, ' $ D !1&I 'JLKNM<OSX Y=% D ! _>_RA_E_>_N7S8S'@&7$& '^1%&$$>`&B"*aB-Eb'$cA+@1d&$$& 'S" D $1&S '"EH'% 'FS!G$Z'1"1FS '^JRKNMROe&"1 '&LBf'']b1`&&"*g%$* %&h"g"G$ '&E*i 'eBZ D H'"X6jk8l.h& 'm.0n%-$k$d&E%ob.p$q%&r" D !E% p$Z'1@1B ' JRKNMRO %B #"4 &"s1 '& &>'tA *'].(&u'@B'% '& % -'%B %$%&XWY=;@<& D !:_>_E_,7v847v8( '&bG$:#@4".("#$@&".1"#$:A &&$$>`&B"*+ '/@ D 1& !G% '@1H'% '& 'JRKNMRON2w '&-&B@&RH%@1B/'4BL&% &" 'B''1 '& 'X/Y/$&:" D $1&3x8@y$&"1 'z#@{&&3E.(db&B3 'aUWKNMPOS2$ &->?'&f 'RV>B0|}UKNMRO)~> c.u./YBCOn c.u./PBCO10 c.u. &^4b1"'E%2 conseguiendo BE.^')&d$Z'G$($B-&B) '9JRKNMRO84&$f'4&"1 '/''E '% 'X!Y<-$& D !1FL1 &l 'lJLK9MRO Z'8' @l&"s1 '& e&>2&y$ C B7&+1"4B72A% &B# 7# B.("E& 1$"% E$H'&7XP& .&& 7 !"4".(@$ -'%B %$%&2c %E.'!A4"4 '1S$$.'@ D 1%&a"IF&7v 'hJLKNMRON2484&$ '3@B( '';.B&hB%-&B( 'JRKNMROH%",".(@$'&"1 ' ''E '% 'XWY=g&4"GE*2h '@.9F9h%&"1 '& '^v'b1`&&"*;&$$* %%( '"G$ '&E*k '0'! %G" D !EB '%@1 '& &.9"'13B#$$' 'B^B+$'G$Z'13 ' 84&B&[.0F$1%7X • Mc@&"].^1@$SA&%$>`%F"*F0&>b'@ '-'E& '& YBCO/PBCO =Y !I& D !_>2ANS_P7/ '&7bS@%@V.1$9A0&%$b`&&"*F:%->'@ '-'$>& '& '| YBa2Cu3O7 f c.u.T PrBa2Cu3O7 c.u.]~>>>] %B%-&B+ '3JLKNMPO 4b1"'E%2/'4SA '%,%@ '& !'E '% 'X!P&-Es'^ '/BR" D @!1&S7984^"4"s1`&& ' .:% B1"#$z C &&"*F 'Q"A!7VZA .1!7%B D z"1&7*B'F¡ 'Qs$4E.1E*F4X¢S.B $d&'B&f>75"h&G$% 'h["+% '!X£P&R.9G-1&B%&+!G$"Z'1@V.(@$&2 137 @ P15" c >$4 E$1,"P-!-@b>2¤A:.,%-hb1-$"]'1 !& A:#"4^.hB C !H D E$$"v ':B&&X ¥a8@A ] B1"¤ '$ % C E*B§¦% D .1F3"B#$ C &FXRP% .,!G-1&B&B¨&$&x.0\B '"H!& '&Q 'zJRKNMRO e'%7$q>H'!- '& e$ C F"1" '&""'1&X:Y<-$&o&&!G& '"H'& £&723&©&-&BQ C byo@&z&" '&'1 '& '2 '&7$#$"z'z@\@.(7 c -'-$"1".:"$l ''b].1 'o@&-&$$y$+ ''" D !1 '@H'& '3 '3JRKNMfONXLY/ª$3B.9'&E*F&.(\&&$[& '$6B&& 'xJRKNMRO.:\% '@H'& 'B72R '&&7H%"N^'4:7&"1 '^'1 '& 'X[Y<-$&.'&E*FH'x ' BG@&&"*$>4 1"1,"c!"4 £h&".E"$& '$' 'h19$E*g$G$$Z'E"I '&7&%B!r ':@& {&UWKNMRONXLP!h$\".07 '& 'SUKNMRO«"§@S!E"l7 'Z'].(& '".("#$' ¬%­ .0"ABe¦% !y '"rJRKNMROSX3U%-$.0B2&% - C 1"1@$".0"#$S '@H'& 'BP 'S&$R®'p1.09'%7"#$("1>$S ' C >.0B"*B(¯>"Z$4E*F4°= 'N &B-$$& ':% $""2f$x&'&r! 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