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JUDQGHVFRUSRUDFLRQHVTXHLQWHQWDQDSOLFDUVHDHPSUHVDVSHTXHxDV\PHGLDQDV1DGLHDVHJXUDTXHVHDLPSRVLEOHSHURHVQHFHVDULRHVWXGLDUSUREDEOHV GLYHUJHQFLDVHQWUHODUHDOLGDGGHDTXHOODFRUSRUDFLyQ\VXVIXQGDPHQWRVGH OHJLWLPDFLyQVRFLDO\DFFHGHUDOPLVPRWLSRGHHVWXGLRVREUHOD3\0(\VXV PHFDQLVPRVGHOHJLWLPDFLyQ6HWUDWDGHQRGHVWUXLUPHFDQLVPRVGHOHJLWLPDFLyQTXH\DHVWiQIXQFLRQDQGRHQHODIiQGHLQWURGXFLUQXHYRVSURJUDPDV GH56( (QHVWHSXQWR\DPRGRGHFRQFOXVLyQVREUHOD56(HQJHQHUDOSRGHPRVGHFLUTXHH[LVWHXQDYROXQWDG\XQLGHDULRHQODVWHRUtDVGH56(TXH VXIUHXQDGLVWRUVLyQHQVXDSOLFDFLyQRSUD[LVJHUHQFLDO3HURQRHVTXHKD\D XQDVHSDUDFLyQHQWUHWHRUtD\SUiFWLFDVLQRTXHHVDSUD[LVKDJHQHUDGRODYHUVLyQWHyULFDGHÀQLWLYDGHORTXHVHHQWLHQGHSRU56(/DSUD[LVKDJHQHUDGR \DGDSWDGRVXSURSLDWHRUtD20(QHVWDDGDSWDFLyQOD56(\ORVREMHWLYRVHFRQyPLFRVVRQDUPyQLFRV\QRH[LVWHDSDUHQWHPHQWHQLQJ~QFRQÁLFWR3RUOR WDQWRHOJHUHQWHTXHGHFLGHHQIUHQWDPHGLGDVHQWUHVLWXDFLRQHVDUPyQLFDV /RTXHHVQDWXUDODOFRQVLGHUDUTXHODOyJLFDVXVWDQFLDOQRVyORQRVHGLVFXWH VLQRTXHQRDGPLWHGLVFXVLyQDOJXQD 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\ODUHDOLGDGREVHUYDEOHVSDUDLQWHUSUHWDUODV\GHHVHPRGRSRGHUGDUOHVVLJQLÀFDGRWUDWDQGRGHHQWUHOD]DUUHODWRV\WHRUtDVHVFHQDV\FRQFHSWRVVHQWLUHV\SHQVDPLHQWRVHQWRUQRDOWHPDGHHVWXGLRGHOD56(HQiPELWRV3\0( (OHVWXGLRVHUHDOL]yHQODFLXGDGGH7DQGLOSURYLQFLDGH%XHQRV$LUHV 5HS~EOLFD$UJHQWLQDGXUDQWHHOSHUtRGRD 65REELQV\0&RXOWHU$GPLQLVWUDFLyQ0p[LFR3HDUVRQHGXFDFLyQ 0DULR+HOHU&LHQFLDLQFLHUWD/DSURGXFFLyQVRFLDOGHOFRQRFLPLHQWR%XHQRV$LUHV(GLWRULDO%LEORV 21 22 Enfoques XXVI, 1 (Otoño 2014): 79-109 91 92 Daniel José Vinsennau y Carlos David Simonetta 3DUD OD PXHVWUD VH DGRSWy HO FULWHULR GH VHOHFFLyQ GH ORV SDUWLFLSDQWHV UHFXUULHQGRDODPRGDOLGDGGHLQIRUPDQWHVFODYHWHQLHQGRFRPRGLVFUHFLyQ HOGHWHQHUHQFXHQWDODVGLVWLQWDVFRQIRUPDFLRQHVGHORVJUXSRVGHLQWHUpV PiVLPSRUWDQWHVDVDEHUFRQVXPLGRUHVHPSUHVDULRVHQHOUROGHSURYHHGRUHVGHFRPSHWLGRUHV\GHFOLHQWHVWUDEDMDGRUHVHQUHODFLyQGHGHSHQGHQFLD GHOVHFWRU3\0(WUDEDMDGRUHVHQUHODFLyQGHGHSHQGHQFLDHQRWURWLSRGH 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FXPSOLPLHQWROHJDOYROXQWDGVRFLDOHMHUFLFLRGHFLXGDGDQtDSUHVLyQGHORV JUXSRVGHLQWHUpVLQWHUQRVH[WHUQRVDOFDQFHVQLYHOHVGHVDWLVIDFFLyQ\GH LQVDWLVIDFFLyQUROGHOJRELHUQR\ODVRFLHGDGFLYLOLQWHUYHQFLyQQRLQWHUYHQFLyQUHJXODFLyQQRUHJXODFLyQ Tabla 1. Detalle de la muestra de la investigación *UXSRVGHLQWHUpV $xR $xR $xR &RQVXPLGRUHVHQJHQHUDO 24 18 15 (PSUHVDULRVHQHOUROGHSURYHHGRUHV 11 6 5 (PSUHVDULRVHQHOUROGHFRPSHWLGRUHV 10 6 6 (PSUHVDULRVHQHOUROGHFOLHQWHV 12 5 5 7UDEDMDGRUHV HQ UHODFLyQ GH GHSHQGHQFLD HQ 3\0(V 18 15 12 7UDEDMDGRUHVHQUHODFLyQGHGHSHQGHQFLDHQRWUDV RUJDQL]DFLRQHV 14 8 7 5HIHUHQWHVGH$VRFLDFLRQHVGHHPSUHVDULRV 6 4 3 5HIHUHQWHVGH6LQGLFDWRVGHWUDEDMDGRUHV 10 8 5 5HIHUHQWHVPHGLRDPELHQWDOLVWDV 5 4 4 5HIHUHQWHVGHSDUWLGRVSROtWLFRV 8 6 5 (PSUHVDULRVGH3\0(VLQGXVWULDOHV 15 9 5 (PSUHVDULRVGH3\0(VFRPHUFLDOHV 12 10 9 (PSUHVDULRVGH3\0(VGHVHUYLFLRV 12 11 8 (PSUHVDULRVGH3\0(VH[WUDFWLYDVDJURSHFXDULDV \PLQHUDV 5 4 4 162 114 93 68%727$/(6 727$/ 369 (QFXDQWRDORVLQVWUXPHQWRV\HQORTXHVHUHÀHUHDOPRGRGHFRPXQLFDFLyQODHQWUHYLVWDUHVXOWyVHUXQDH[FHOHQWHKHUUDPLHQWDGHGLiORJRFRQ SDUWH UHSUHVHQWDWLYD GH ORV JUXSRV GH LQWHUpV GH OD PXHVWUD \D TXH FRPR PpWRGRGHUHFROHFFLyQGHLQIRUPDFLyQSHUPLWLyUHOHYDUIHQyPHQRVREVHUYDEOHVWDOHVFRPRFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVDFFLRQHV\GLVFXUVRV\WDPELpQIHQyPHQRVPHQRVREVHUYDEOHVDVLPSOHYLVWDWDOHVFRPRSUHMXLFLRVTXHSXGLHURQ LPSUHJQDU ODV UHVSXHVWDV DFWXDFLRQHV VXMHWDV D LQWHUHVHV \ VHQVDFLRQHV GH FRQÀDQ]DHQWUHRWURV'DGRHOHQIRTXHFXDOLWDWLYRVHRSWySRUODHQWUHYLVWD Enfoques XXVI, 1 (Otoño 2014): 79-109 93 94 Daniel José Vinsennau y Carlos David Simonetta FXDOLWDWLYDFRPRWpFQLFDGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQDHIHFWRVGHFDSWDUODSRVLFLyQGH ORVHQWUHYLVWDGRV\ODFRPSOHMLGDGGHVXVH[SHULHQFLDVSHUVRQDOHV7DPELpQ VHKL]RXVRGH FXHVWLRQDULRVHVWDQGDUL]DGRVSDUDODWRWDOLGDGGHODPXHVWUDGHÀQLGRVDSDUWLUGHXQFRQMXQWRGHSUHJXQWDVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQXQDVHULHGH REMHWRVGHHVWXGLRFRQFUHWRVDHIHFWRVGHORJUDUXQPtQLPRGHLQIRUPDFLyQ FXDQWLWDWLYD FX\R SURSyVLWR IXH HO GH FRQWUDVWDU DVSHFWRV SXQWXDOHV GH OD LQIRUPDFLyQFXDOLWDWLYDREWHQLGD Resultados Más problemas que se acumulan a los ya existentes: “un deber ser” difuso (QWUHQGHGXGDVQXHVWUDLQYHVWLJDFLyQKDDSRUWDGRXQDVHULHGHSUREOHPDVPiVHVSHFtÀFRVVREUHODEDVHGHODLQWHUDFFLyQHPSUHVDHQWRUQR7DUHD TXHWDOFXDOVHSXQWXDOL]DUDDOFRPLHQ]RVHLQWURGXMRHQHOMXHJRGLFRWyPLFR GHODUD]yQVLQUD]yQGHORUGHQGHVRUGHQ\GHRWUDVHULHGHSDUHVRSXHVWRV TXHQRUPDOPHQWHKDQDSDUHFLGRHQODFRWLGLDQHLGDGGHODVJHVWLRQHVHVWXGLDGDV(QWDOVHQWLGRGHOLEHUDGDPHQWHVHKDUHFRUULGRHOFDPLQRGHODDPELJHGDGTXHOHMRVGHIXQFLRQDUFRPRREVWDFXOL]DGRUKDVLGRVXVWHQWRGHO DQiOLVLVOOHYDGRDFDER (OHVWXGLRVHRULHQWyDH[DPLQDUHO´GHEHUVHU3\0(µDODOX]GHVXVJUXSRV GHLQWHUpV,QWHUHVDEDVDEHUODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVDFHUFDGHORVYDORUHVHPSUHVDULDOHV TXH KDFHQ TXH XQD 3\0( VHD OHJLWLPDGD SRU VX HQWRUQR $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ UHVXPLPRV ORV SULQFLSDOHV SXQWRV GH DPELJHGDG TXH KDQ VLGR GHULYDGRVGHORVGDWRVUHFRJLGRV Disyunciones entre contextos de crisis o de normalidad 'HO DQiOLVLV HIHFWXDGR VXUJH TXH OD LPSRUWDQFLD GH ORV YDORUHV FDPELD GH DFXHUGR D OD VLWXDFLyQ GH FULVLV R GH QRUPDOLGDG HQ TXH VH OR XELFD DO SDUWLFLSDQWH3RUVXSDUWHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQSUHYpTXHVLWXDFLyQGHFULVLVVXSRQHXQHVWDQFDPLHQWRGHO3%,XQDUHODWLYDFDOPDVRFLDO\XQGHVHPSOHR HQDXPHQWR\TXHODVLWXDFLyQGHQRUPDOLGDGVXSRQHXQ3%,HQDXPHQWR FDOPDVRFLDO\EDMDHQHOQLYHOGHGHVHPSOHR3URSXHVWDVODVFRQGLFLRQHVGH FDGDFRQWH[WRVHKDSRGLGRREVHUYDUTXHORVYDORUHVpWLFRPRUDOHVWLHQGHQD GLVPLQXLUVXLPSRUWDQFLDHQDPELHQWHVGHFULVLV$OPLVPRWLHPSRHQFULVLV FUHFHODSURSRUFLyQGHDFWRUHVTXHRSLQDQTXHODHPSUHVDGHEHPDQHMDUVH Enfoques XXVI, 1 (Otoño 2014): 79-109 Responsabilidad Social Empresaria VLQYDORUHVPRUDOHV8QDDFFLyQHPSUHVDULDPHQRVPRUDOVHUiPHMRUUHFLELGDHQFRQWH[WRVGHFULVLVTXHHQFRQWH[WRVGHQRUPDOLGDG'HODLQYHVWLJDFLyQVXUJHHQWRQFHVTXHODOHJLWLPLGDGHPSUHVDULDHQFULVLVDGPLWHPD\RUHV JUDGRVGHUDFLRQDOLGDGFOiVLFDHVGHFLUHFRQyPLFD\GHPHQRUGHVHPSHxR PRUDOYpDQVHODVSUHIHUHQFLDVHQOD7DEOD Tabla 2. Disyunciones de escenarios y de roles 'HEHUVHU3\0( (VFHQDULR1RUPDO9DORUHV Menos LPSRUWDQWHV (VFHQDULR&ULVLV9DORUHV Menos LPSRUWDQWHV 6HJ~QHOURODVLJQDGR 0iVLPSRUWDQWHV /D3\0(VHJXtD por &DOLGDG 7UDQVSDUHQFLD 6DWLVIDFFLyQ ,QLFLDWLYD $XWRQRPtD &RRSHUDFLyQ &DOLGDG 5HLQYHUVLyQHQ 2UGHQ HOPHGLR 7UDQVSDUHQFLD *HQHURVLGDG &RPSURPLVR 5HLQYHUVLyQHQ HOPHGLR &RRSHUDFLyQ *HQHURVLGDG (OFRQVXPLGRU desea 7UDQVSDUHQFLD 2UGHQ &DOLGDG (ÀFLHQFLD &RRSHUDFLyQ *HQHURVLGDG &RRSHUDFLyQ 5HLQYHUVLyQHQ HOPHGLR $XWRQRPtD 5HVXOWDGR (OSURYHHGRU GHEHUtDVHU &DOLGDG 7UDQVSDUHQFLD (ÀFLHQFLD *HQHURVLGDG &UHDWLYLGDG 5HLQYHUVLyQHQ &DOLGDG HOPHGLR 7UDQVSDUHQFLD 6DWLVIDFFLyQ 5HVXOWDGR *HQHURVLGDG &RRSHUDFLyQ El empleado desea &DOLGDG 7UDQVSDUHQFLD 6DWLVIDFFLyQ &OLPD/DERUDO -XVWR 5HVXOWDGR 5HLQYHUVLyQHQ HOPHGLR &RRSHUDFLyQ *HQHURVLGDG 5HLQYHUVLyQHQ HOPHGLR $XWRQRPtD &RPSURPLVR &RRSHUDFLyQ 5HVXOWDGR (ÀFLHQFLD /DVHQWLGDGHV ÀQDQFLHUDVGHVHDQ 5HVXOWDGR &RPSURPLVR &UHDWLYLGDG &RRSHUDFLyQ 2UGHQ 5HLQYHUVLyQHQ HOPHGLR $XWRQRPtD 3URGXFWLYLGDG (ÀFLHQFLD Enfoques XXVI, 1 (Otoño 2014): 79-109 0iVLPSRUWDQWHV &DOLGDG 7UDQVSDUHQFLD &OLPDODERUDO MXVWR 2UGHQ 6DWLVIDFFLyQ 6DWLVIDFFLyQ 2UGHQ &DOLGDG 7UDQVSDUHQFLD &OLPD/DERUDO MXVWR &RRSHUDFLyQ &DOLGDG &RPSURPLVR 95 96 Daniel José Vinsennau y Carlos David Simonetta Disyunciones entre desempeño de roles ([LVWHQFRQWUDGLFFLRQHVFXDQGRORVGLYHUVRVJUXSRVGHLQWHUpVFDUDFWHUL]DQHOGHEHUVHU3\0(\FXDQGRODSURSLD3\0(UHVSRQGHVREUHVXSURSLR GHEHU VHU /RV YDORUHV UHVXOWDQ PiV LPSRUWDQWHV R PHQRV LPSRUWDQWHV GH DFXHUGRDOUROTXHOD3\0(FXPSODHQODFDGHQDGHYDORU3DUDHMHPSOLÀFDU VHOHH[LJHQDOJXQRVYDORUHVFRPRSULPRUGLDOHVDODV3\0(VFOLHQWHVTXHQR QXHYRVQLYHOHVGHDQiOLVLV\QXHYDFRPSOHMLGDGSRURWURODGRSXHGHH[SOLFDU TXHFLHUWDVFRQWUDGLFFLRQHVHQWUHUDFLRQDOLGDGHVRSXHVWDVGHVHPERFDQLQHYLWDEOHPHQWHHQXQGREOHGLVFXUVR(VWR~OWLPRSXHGHGHPRVWUDULQFDSDFLGDG SDUDFDPELDUXQDUHDOLGDGHQWHQVLyQRDOJRPXFKRPiVSHOLJURVRD~QOR QRUPDOHVTXHORpWLFR\ORPRUDORFXSHVyORHOQLYHOGHGLVFXUVRYpDQVHODV )LJXUDV\ 5VJVUZPKLYH]HSVYLZ *VUZPZ[LU[LZ 5VJVUZPZ[LU[LZ Figura 1. Porcentaje de respuestas que mantienen el criterio –normalidad. 5VJVUZPKLYH]HSVYLZ *VUZPZ[LU[LZ 5VJVUZPZ[LU[LZ Figura 2. Porcentaje de respuestas que mantienen el criterio-crisis. Enfoques XXVI, 1 (Otoño 2014): 79-109 Responsabilidad Social Empresaria /DVUHVSXHVWDVGHQRPLQDGDVconsistentesIXHURQODVTXHPRVWUDURQHOPLVPRFULWHULRSDUDHOGLVFXUVRWHRUtDH[SOtFLWD\SDUDODDFFLyQWHRUtDVHQXVR FRLQFLGHQFLDHQWUHORTXHVHGLFH\ORTXHVHKDFH/RFRQWUDULRVHFDOLÀFy FRPR no consistente 7DPELpQ H[LVWLHURQ UHVSXHVWDV QR FODVLÀFDEOHV HQ HVRV WpUPLQRV\IXHURQDTXHOODVTXHFRQVLGHUDURQTXHODV3\0(VGHEHQDGPLQLVWUDUVHVLQWHQHUHQFXHQWDQLQJXQDFODVHGHYDORUHV /DVÀJXUDVHVWiQPRVWUDQGRODVHSDUDFLyQHQWUHGLVFXUVR\SUiFWLFD6ROR HOGHORVHQFXHVWDGRVHQVLWXDFLyQGHQRUPDOLGDG\HOHQHO FDVRGHFULVLVKDQGHPRVWUDGRXQDFRLQFLGHQFLDHQWUHHOGLVFXUVR\ORTXH HOORVFUHHQTXHGHEHVHUODDFFLyQHQOD3\0((OGDWRFHQWUDOHVHOSRUFHQWDMHHOHYDGRGHUHVSXHVWDVno consistentes(QODWHRUtDH[LVWHXQDGHQRPLQDFLyQ PX\XWLOL]DGDSDUDHVWHIHQyPHQRHOGREOHGLVFXUVR Disyunciones entre sectores de pertenencia 7DPELpQH[LVWHQGLIHUHQFLDVHQHOGHEHUVHU3\0(GHDFXHUGRDOVHFWRU HFRQyPLFRHQTXHOD3\0(VHGHVHQYXHOYH(QODLQYHVWLJDFLyQIXHURQFODVLÀFDGDVODV3\0(VHQFXDWURVHFWRUHV,QGXVWULDO&RPHUFLDOGH6HUYLFLRV\ ([WUDFWLYDVDJURSHFXDULDV\PLQHUDV(QFDGDVHFWRUVHSULYLOHJLDQGLVWLQWRV WLSRVGHYDORUHVYDULDQGRVXLPSRUWDQFLDGHQWURGHOGHEHUVHUGHODHPSUHVD &XDQGRVHKDEODGH56(HQFDGHQDVGHYDORURUHGHVHPSUHVDULDVUDUDYH] VHWLHQHQHQFXHQWDHVWDVGLV\XQFLRQHVGHEDVHHQWUHVHFWRUHVVXPDGDVDODV GLV\XQFLRQHVGHUROHVSUHYLDPHQWHGHVFULWDV(QWRQFHVGHQWURGHORTXHHV OD OHJLWLPDFLyQ VRFLDO HPSUHVDULD HO FDPSR GH DQiOLVLV UHVXOWD H[WUHPDGDPHQWHFRPSOHMRHQXQDVRFLHGDGSXHVWRTXHH[LVWHQDGLDULRLQQXPHUDEOHV WUDQVDFFLRQHVHQWUHGLVWLQWRVVHFWRUHVTXHVHUHDOL]DQEDMRGLVWLQWRVSDUiPHWURVYDORUDWLYRVGHODPRUDOHPSUHVDULD&LHUWDVSUHPLVDVSXHGHQYDOHUHQHO VHFWRUDJUtFRODSHURQRWHQHULPSRUWDQFLDGHQWURGHOVHFWRUFRPHUFLDO3HUR ÀQDOPHQWH VL DPERV VHFWRUHV YLYHQ OLJDGRV OR PiV QRUPDO HV SHQVDU HQ UHODFLRQHVTXHVHHVWDEOHFHQFRQSXQWRVHQFRP~QTXHJLUDQVRODPHQWHDOUHGHGRUGHORXWLOLWDULR\QRQHFHVDULDPHQWHGHORpWLFRQLGHORPRUDOYpDVH OD7DEOD (QOD7DEODSXHGHQREVHUYDUVHTXpYDORUHVVRQSULPRUGLDOHVSDUDXQ VHFWRU\TXHQRORVRQSDUDRWURV(VWDVGLIHUHQFLDVLQGLFDQTXHODpWLFDHQ XQDFDGHQDGHYDORUFRQIRUPDGDSRUHPSUHVDVGHGLIHUHQWHVHFWRUSUREDEOHPHQWHFRQWHPSOHFLHUWDVVLPLOLWXGHVSHURWDPELpQSXQWRVGHGHVHQFXHQWUR HQWUH OR TXH VH SUHWHQGH HQ FXDQWR D YDORUHV HPSUHVDULDOHV /RV GLVWLQWRV Enfoques XXVI, 1 (Otoño 2014): 79-109 97 98 Daniel José Vinsennau y Carlos David Simonetta HVFHQDULRVVHFWRULDOHVVXVGHVDItRV\ODDGDSWDFLyQGHODHPSUHVDDVXVHFWRU SXHGHQVHUHQSDUWHODH[SOLFDFLyQGHHVWDVGLV\XQFLRQHVVHFWRULDOHV Tabla 3. Disyunciones entre sectores de pertenencia 6HFWRU ,PSRUWDQFLD GHORVYDORUHV 6HFWRU $JURSHFXDULR 6HFWRU&RPHUFLDO 6HFWRU,QGXVWULDO 6HFWRUGH6HUYLFLRV /RVYDORUHV PiVHOHJLGRV FRPR SULPRUGLDOHV 2UGHQ &UHDWLYLGDG (ÀFLHQFLD 5HVXOWDGR 7UDQVSDUHQFLD &UHDWLYLGDG 7UDQVSDUHQFLD /RVPHQRV LPSRUWDQWHV 5HLQYHUVLyQ HQHOPHGLR 2UGHQ &RRSHUDFLyQ *HQHURVLGDG *HQHURVLGDG 6DWLVIDFFLyQ (ÀFLHQFLD &RPSURPLVR 5HLQYHUVLyQHQ HOPHGLR Disyunciones de género /DVUHVSXHVWDVYDUtDQDODWULEXLUGLVWLQWRQLYHOGHLPSRUWDQFLDDODVSUHPLVDVHQODDFFLyQVHJ~QVHWUDWHGHUHVSXHVWDVSURYHQLHQWHVGHOJpQHURIHPHQLQRRGHOJpQHURPDVFXOLQR&RQHVWRTXHUHPRVDJUHJDUTXHDGHPiVGH ODVDQWHULRUHVGLV\XQFLRQHVFXHVWLRQHVGHOLGHUD]JRIHPHQLQRRPDVFXOLQRR GHJUXSRVSUHGRPLQDQWHPHQWHIHPHQLQRVRPDVFXOLQRVOOHYDUiQWDPELpQD GLVWLQWRVUHTXHULPLHQWRVGHYDORUHV\DFFLyQSRUSDUWHGHODHPSUHVD3\0( (OJpQHURHVPX\LPSRUWDQWHHQHODQiOLVLVGHORVFDPELRVHQORVSDUiPHWURV GHOHJLWLPDFLyQVRFLDOGHXQDHPSUHVD\DTXHVHYLYHQWLHPSRVHQGRQGHHO JpQHURIHPHQLQRVHHVWiLQFRUSRUDQGRDODYLGDGHODVGLVWLQWDVRUJDQL]DFLRQHVFDGDYH]HQPD\RUQ~PHUR\FRQPD\RUHVUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHV(VWRJHQHUDFDPELRVHQODVSHUFHSFLRQHVDFHUFDGHORVYDORUHVTXHODVRUJDQL]DFLRQHV GHEHUtDQGHIHQGHUYpDQVHODV)LJXUDV\ (QORVJUiÀFRV\SXHGHREVHUYDUVHTXHHQXQHVFHQDULRQRUPDOODV SHUVRQDVGHJpQHURIHPHQLQRKDQGHPRVWUDGRPHQRUQLYHOGHGREOHGLVFXUVRTXHODVSHUVRQDVGHJpQHURPDVFXOLQR/DGLIHUHQFLDHVEDVWDQWHHOHYDGD )UHQWHDHVFHQDULRVGHQRUPDOLGDGVRORHOGHOJpQHURPDVFXOLQRQR KDQSUHVHQWDGRGREOHGLVFXUVRHQODUHVSXHVWDPLHQWUDVTXHHOGHODV SHUVRQDVGHJpQHURIHPHQLQRKDQVLGRFRQVLVWHQWHV Enfoques XXVI, 1 (Otoño 2014): 79-109 Responsabilidad Social Empresaria -LTLUPUVZ 4HZJ\SPUVZ Figura 3. Respuestas consistentes por género en escenario normal. -LTLUPUVZ 4HZJ\SPUVZ Figura 4. Respuestas consistentes por género. Escenario de crisis. 6LQHPEDUJRHQHVFHQDULRVGHFULVLVORVQLYHOHVGHGREOHGLVFXUVRHQWUH JpQHURVVHDFHUFDQPXFKRPiV(VWRVHGHEHSULQFLSDOPHQWHDTXHODVSHUVRQDV GH JpQHUR PDVFXOLQR SUHVHQWDQ PHQRUHV QLYHOHV GH GREOH GLVFXUVR PLHQWUDVTXHODVSHUVRQDVGHJpQHURIHPHQLQRHQFRQWUDULRDXPHQWDQORV QLYHOHVGHGREOHVGLVFXUVRHQVLWXDFLyQGHFULVLV 'HWRGRVPRGRVHQDPERVFDVRVSXHGHDÀUPDUVHTXHODVSHUVRQDVGH JpQHURIHPHQLQRPXHVWUDQPHQRUHVQLYHOHVGHGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHORVTXHH[SUHVDQHQHOGLVFXUVR\ORTXHSLHQVDQTXHGHEHVHUHODFFLRQDUGHOD3\0( (VWDVHULHGHGLV\XQFLRQHVSRQHQODOXSDVREUHFXHVWLRQHVHVSHFtÀFDVGH OD PRUDO TXH QR VRQ WDQ HVWDEOHV FRPR SRGUtDPRV VXSRQHU 8QD SULPHUD Enfoques XXVI, 1 (Otoño 2014): 79-109 99 100 Daniel José Vinsennau y Carlos David Simonetta KLSyWHVLVDOUHVSHFWRSRGUtDVHUTXHODPRUDOVHKDWUDQVIRUPDGRHQXWLOLWDULD GHORTXHVHQHFHVLWDKDFHUHQVLWXDFLRQHVHVSHFtÀFDV8QDVHJXQGDKLSyWHVLV FRPR\DVHKDGLFKRHVTXHODQRUPDWLYLGDGJHQHUDGDHQODSUD[LVWLHQHVX SURSLDWHRUtDTXHQRFRLQFLGHFRQODWHRUtDTXHVHHQVHxDHQODVDXODV8QD WHUFHUDKLSyWHVLV\TXL]iVODTXHSDUHFLHUDPiVLQWHUHVDQWHHVTXHH[LVWHQ LQFDSDFLGDGHVKXPDQDV\RUJDQL]DFLRQDOHVSDUDWUDWDUIHQyPHQRVFRPSOHMRV FRPR HO GH OD FRQWUDGLFFLyQ GH UDFLRQDOLGDGHV HFRQyPLFDV \ VRFLDOHV (Q RWUDVSDODEUDVXQDIDOWDGHHVWXGLR\GHSUD[LVSROtWLFDHQODVRUJDQL]DFLRQHV TXHDODOX]GHODVQHFHVLGDGHVVLWXDFLRQDOHVHQOXJDUGHDOFDQ]DUDFXHUGRV UHODWDGREOHVGLVFXUVRV 6L UHVXOWD TXH ODV EDVHV GH OD UHODFLyQ PRUDO HQWUH HQWRUQR \ HPSUHVD DSDUHFHQFRPRLQHVWDEOHVFDPELDQWHV\VLWXDFLRQDOHVHQWRQFHV¢'HTXpVH KDEODFXDQGRVHGHFLGHDGRSWDUXQPRGHORGH56(" Corolario: generación de barreras inhibidoras de la RSE en ámbitos PyME &RPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHWRGRORVHxDODGRSUHFHGHQWHPHQWHVHH[SRQHQD FRQWLQXDFLyQORVSULQFLSDOHVSXQWRVTXHFRQGXFHQDXQHVFHSWLFLVPRDFHUFD GHOD56(3\0(\ODVEDUUHUDVTXHOLPLWDQVXYLDELOLGDG ,OXVLyQGHREMHWLYRVDOLQHDGRV(QORVPRGHORVGH56(VHDPDOJDPDQDSDUHQWHPHQWHVLQSUREOHPDVQLWHyULFRVQLSUiFWLFRVORVWUDGLFLRQDOHVREMHWLYRV HFRQyPLFRV ÀQDQFLHURV FRQ ORV REMHWLYRV VRFLRPHGLRDPELHQWDOHV (Q HO GtD D GtD FRP~QPHQWH VH REVHUYDQ 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