equinoideos (echinodermata: echinoidea) colectados en la franja

Anuncio
 %RO ,QY 0DU &RV
,661 6DQWD 0DUWD &RORPELD (48,12,'(26(&+,12'(50$7$
(&+,12,'($&2/(&7$'26(1/$)5$1-$
683(5,25'(/7$/8'&217,1(17$/
'(/&$5,%(&2/20%,$12
5(680(1
! ! " #" $!
%&& ''& #( ) ! *+
,!
- * - & $#
- + .
' ( #
# " #"( ) ! ,
$ (
!" #
$%675$&7
/0 1 ,
1 ! $ 1 "" $$ #" 1
$# %&& '&& #(
21 $ 1
#
*+ ,!
" * - & $#
- +
' ( $ 1 $
# 1 #" ""(
3
$ 4
,(
$% &'( ! #
* !
"#
___________________________________________________________
,1752'8&&,Ð1
(O FRQRFLPLHQWR GH OD FODVH (FKLQRLGHD HQ HO &DULEH FRORPELDQR HV
HVFDVR WDQWR HQ DJXDV VRPHUDV FRPR SURIXQGDV 3DUD ODV SULPHUDV VH FRQRFHQ
WUDEDMRV WD[RQyPLFRV FRQ DOJXQDV QRWDV ELRHFROyJLFDV GH OD FRVWD QRUWH GH
&RORPELD $OODLQ \ GHO 3DUTXH 1DFLRQDO 1DWXUDO 7D\URQD *DOOR DGHPiV ÉOYDUH] SUHVHQWy XQ OLVWDGR SUHOLPLQDU GH ORV HTXLQRGHUPRV GHO
&DULEH FRORPELDQR GHQWUR GHO FXDO VH FLWDURQ DOJXQDV HVSHFLHV GH HVWD FODVH
&RQ UHVSHFWR D ODV DJXDV SURIXQGDV ORV SRFRV UHJLVWURV TXH VH WLHQHQ KDQ VLGR
HO UHVXOWDGR GH DOJXQRV FUXFHURV GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ TXH WRPDURQ PXHVWUDV HQ
DOJXQDV HVWDFLRQHV XELFDGDV HQ DJXDV FRORPELDQDV GHQWUR GH ORV FXDOHV VH
GHVWDFDQ ORV UHDOL]DGRV SRU HO EDUFR 25(*21 HQ HO 59 -+21
(//,27 3,//6%85< GH OD XQLYHUVLGDG GH 0LDPL HQ \ \ OD
H[SHGLFLyQ &,2+,19(0$560,7+621,$1 HQ HMHFXWDGD HQ VX
WRWDOLGDG HQ DJXDV FRORPELDQDV (VWD LQYHVWLJDFLyQ DPSOtD HO FRQRFLPLHQWR GH
ORV HTXLQRLGHRV HQ HO &DULEH FRORPELDQR DO H[SORUDU XQ KiELWDW SRFR FRQRFLGR
FRPR HV OD SDUWH SURIXQGD GH OD SODWDIRUPD \ HO WDOXG FRQWLQHQWDO
É5($'((678',2
(O iUHD GH HVWXGLR VH ORFDOL]D HQ HO &DULEH FRORPELDQR HQWUH 3XQWD
(VWUHOOD HQ OD *XDMLUD ž  1 ž : \ $UEROHWHV HQ $QWLRTXLD ž 1
ž : (VWH HVWXGLR VH UHDOL]y HQ HO VHFWRU &DULEH 2FHiQLFR &2& IUHQWH D
ORV VHFWRUHV HFROyJLFRV FRVWHURV *XDMLUD *8$ 3DORPLQR 3$/ 7D\URQD
7$< 0DJGDOHQD 0$* $UFKLSLpODJRV FRUDOLQRV $5&2 \ 'DULpQ '$5
)LJXUD ORV FXDOHV WLHQHQ VX OtPLWH H[WHUQR HQ OD LVyEDWD GH P
,19(0$5 /D SODWDIRUPD FRQWLQHQWDO FRORPELDQD HV YDULDEOH SUHVHQWD VXV SXQWRV
GH DPSOLWXG Pi[LPD DO QRUWH GH 3XQWD *DOOLQDV HQ OD SHQtQVXOD GH OD *XDMLUD \
DO IUHQWH GHO JROIR GH 0RUURVTXLOOR HQ HO VHFWRU GH OD 6LHUUD 1HYDGD GH 6DQWD
0DUWD OD SODWDIRUPD HV SUiFWLFDPHQWH DXVHQWH \ HO WDOXG GHVFLHQGH EUXVFDPHQWH
GHVGH OD FRVWD IUHQWH DO UtR 0DJGDOHQD SUHVHQWD XQD DPSOLWXG GH NP
7DEDUHV HW DO /RV VHGLPHQWRV HQ OD SODWDIRUPD VH KDQ DJUXSDGR HQ
FXDWUR GRPLQLRV 'RPLQLR FDUERQDWDGR GH OD *XDMLUD ORGRV DUHQRVRV
FDUERQDWDGRV =RQD GHOWDLFD GHO 0DJGDOHQD DUHQDV WHUUtJHQDV \ ORGRV DUHQRVRV
WHUUtJHQRV $PELHQWH DUUHFLIDO GH ORV DUFKLSLpODJRV DUUHFLIHV FRUDOLQRV \ DUHQDV
ELRFOiVWLFDV \ OD 3URYLQFLD WHUUtJHQD GHO 6LQ~'DULpQ ORGRV WHUUtJHQRV \ DUHQDV
ELRFOiVWLFDV 0ROLQD HW DO (O WDOXG FRQWLQHQWDO FRPLHQ]D
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH D ORV P \ WHUPLQD D P GH SURIXQGLGDG HQ OD
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
&XHQFD &RORPELDQD KDFLD HO QRUWH GH OD SHQtQVXOD GH /D *XDMLUD GHVFLHQGH HQ
IRUPD UHJXODU GHVGH HO VXU GH OD *XDMLUD KDVWD %DUUDQTXLOOD SUHVHQWD XQ UHOLHYH
LUUHJXODU HO FXDO HV FRUWDGR SRU FXDWUR FDxRQHV SULQFLSDOHV 5DQFKHUtD $JXMD
0DJGDOHQD \ 7XULSDQi \ GRV YDOOHV /D *XDMLUD \ 7DJDQJD 'HVGH HO FDxRQ
7XULSDQi XELFDGR DO RHVWH GHO UtR 0DJGDOHQD KDVWD &DUWDJHQD HO WDOXG SUHVHQWD
XQD SHQGLHQWH FRQVWDQWH \ XQD PRUIRORJtD SRFR DFFLGHQWDGD (QWUH &DUWDJHQD \
HO *ROIR GH 0RUURVTXLOOR VH YXHOYH D SUHVHQWDU XQ UHOLHYH LUUHJXODU FDUDFWHUL]DGR
SRU QXPHURVDV FROLQDV \ HQ HO H[WUHPR VXU HO WDOXG FRQWLQHQWDO HV UHJXODU \
GHVFLHQGH FRQ XQD VXDYH SHQGLHQWH 7DEDUHV HW DO ! (" 5 !( ) " 5
67 $ 8!9 687- :# 6:;7- 2 62<7- 6871. 67 3. 637 6 %&&&7
'H DFXHUGR D OD HVWUDWLILFDFLyQ GH OD FROXPQD GH DJXD HQ HO &DULEH
FRORPELDQR HQWUH ORV \ P VH HQFXHQWUD OD &DSD GH $JXD ,QWHUPHGLD
6XEDQWiUWLFD TXH WLHQH XQD VDOLQLGDG GH D \ XQD WHPSHUDWXUD
DSUR[LPDGD GH ƒ& *LUDOGR ___________________________________________________________
! /RV PRYLPLHQWRV GH ODV PDVDV GH DJXD VXSHUILFLDOHV HQ HO &DULEH
FRORPELDQR GHSHQGHQ SULQFLSDOPHQWH GH OD DFFLyQ GH ORV YLHQWRV \ GH OD pSRFD
FOLPiWLFD 'XUDQWH OD pSRFD VHFD 'LFLHPEUH0D\R OD &RUULHQWH GHO &DULEH GD
OXJDU D OD IRUPDFLyQ GH OD &RQWUDFRUULHQWH GH 3DQDPi OD FXDO VH GHVSOD]D GH
IRUPD SDUDOHOD D OD FRVWD \ GHELGR D OD SUHVHQFLD GH ORV YLHQWRV $OLVLRV OOHJD
~QLFDPHQWH KDVWD ORV DOUHGHGRUHV GH OD GHVHPERFDGXUD GHO UtR 0DJGDOHQD
'XUDQWH OD pSRFD OOXYLRVD -XQLR1RYLHPEUH OD FRQWUDFRUULHQWH DOFDQ]D KDVWD
ODV FRVWDV GH OD *XDMLUD 3XMRV HW DO /RV YLHQWRV $OLVLRV VRQ ORV FDXVDQWHV
GHO IHQyPHQR GH VXUJHQFLD GH DJXDV VXESURIXQGDV IUtDV \ ULFDV HQ QXWULHQWHV
TXH VH SUHVHQWD FRQ PD\RU LQWHQVLGDG IUHQWH D ODV FRVWDV GH OD *XDMLUD GXUDQWH OD
pSRFD VHFD %ODQFR &RUSHV (O PD\RU DSRUWDQWH GH DJXDV
FRQWLQHQWDOHV HV HO UtR 0DJGDOHQD FX\DV GHVFDUJDV DO VHU HPSXMDGDV SRU ORV
YLHQWRV $OLVLRV DIHFWDQ OD ]RQD FRVWHUD DO VXURHVWH GH OD GHVHPERFDGXUD GHO UtR
0DJGDOHQD %ODQFR 0$7(5,$/(6<0e72'26
/D H[SHGLFLyQ ,19(0$50$&52)$81$ , VH UHDOL]y D ILQDOHV GH
H LQLFLRV GH D OR ODUJR GHO &DULEH FRORPELDQR PHGLDQWH FXDWUR
FUXFHURV D ERUGR GHO %, $QFyQ (O iUHD GH HVWXGLR HIHFWLYD FRUUHVSRQGLy D
IRQGRV DUUDVWUDEOHV GH OD IUDQMD VXSHULRU GHO WDOXG FRQWLQHQWDO GRQGH VH
UHDOL]DURQ DUUDVWUHV GHQWUR GH HVWDFLRQHV FRQ XQD UHG GHPHUVDO D
SURIXQGLGDGHV HQWUH \ P 7DEOD $O VXELU OD UHG D OD FXELHUWD GHO
EDUFR VH YDFLy VX FRQWHQLGR VREUH XQ WDPL] GH RMR GH PDOOD GH PP OD FDSWXUD
IXH ODYDGD \ ORV RUJDQLVPRV IXHURQ VHSDUDGRV HQ JUXSRV WD[RQyPLFRV
SULQFLSDOHV SHFHV HTXLQRGHUPRV FUXVWiFHRV PROXVFRV \ RWURV 'HQWUR GH ORV
HTXLQRGHUPRV ORV HUL]RV VH VHSDUDURQ GH ODV GHPiV FODVHV VH VHOHFFLRQDURQ SRU
WDPDxRV \ D PHGLGD TXH VH OLPSLDEDQ IXHURQ LQWURGXFLGRV HQ EROVDV SOiVWLFDV
SHUIRUDGDV TXH OXHJR VH OOHYDURQ D FDQHFDV SOiVWLFDV FRQ DOFRKRO HWtOLFR DO ORV RUJDQLVPRV PiV SHTXHxRV R PX\ GHOLFDGRV VH VHSDUDURQ \ VH GHSRVLWDURQ HQ
IUDVFRV SOiVWLFRV GH GLIHUHQWHV WDPDxRV FRQ DOFRKRO (Q HO ODERUDWRULR VH
VHSDUDURQ SRU PRUIRWLSR VH KL]R HO FRQWHR SDUD FDGD DUUDVWUH \ VH REWXYLHURQ
LPiJHQHV GLJLWDOHV GH ORV HMHPSODUHV HQ PHMRU HVWDGR HPSOHDQGR XQ HVFiQHU
FRQYHQFLRQDO 5H\HV \ 1DYDV FiPDUDV IRWRJUiILFDV \ XQ PLFURVFRSLR
HOHFWUyQLFR GH EDUULGR
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
( (
3WD*DOOLQD
3WD*DOOLQD
% 3RUWHWH
% 3RUWHWH
&DER 9HOD
&DER 9HOD
'LEXOOD
'LEXOOD
3DORPLQR
3DORPLQR
5 3LHGUDV
5 3LHGUDV
&KHQJXH
1HQJXDQJH
1HQJXDQJH
1HQJXDQJH
&RQFKD
,VOD $JXMD
,VOD $JXMD
*8$
*8$
*8$
*8$
*8$
*8$
3$/
3$/
3$/
3$/
3$/
3$/
7$<
7$<
7$<
7$<
7$<
7$<
7$<
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
7DEOD 8ELFDFLyQ GH ODV HVWDFLRQHV GH OD H[SHGLFLyQ ,19(0$50DFURIDXQD , D OR ODUJR GHO 0DU FDULEH FRORPELDQR
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
,19
( (
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
((
0$*
0$*
0$*
0$*
0$*
0$*
0$*
0$*
$5&2
$5&2
$5&2
$5&2
$5&2
$5&2
'$5
'$5
'$5
'$5
'$5
'$5
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
ž
7DEOD &RQWLQXDFLyQ 8ELFDFLyQ GH ODV HVWDFLRQHV GH OD H[SHGLFLyQ ,19(0$50DFURIDXQD , D OR ODUJR GHO 0DU FDULEH FRORPELDQR
/D LGHQWLILFDFLyQ VH UHDOL]y XWLOL]DQGR ODV FODYHV \ GHVFULSFLRQHV GH ORV
VLJXLHQWHV DXWRUHV 0RUWHQVHQ \ )DUIDQWH &KHVKHU 6HUDI\ \ 3KHODQ GHVSXpV VH
FRQILUPy \ FRPSOHPHQWy FRQ D\XGD GH HVSHFLDOLVWDV \ GH ORV HVSHFtPHQHV WLSR \
GH UHIHUHQFLD GHSRVLWDGRV HQ HO 101+ /D FODYH \ OD OLVWD WD[RQyPLFD VH
HODERUDURQ FRQ EDVH HQ ORV FULWHULRV GH 6HUDI\ \ 6PLWK (O PDWHULDO
FROHFWDGR KDFH SDUWH GHO 0XVHR GH +LVWRULD 1DWXUDO 0DULQD GH &RORPELD
0+10& HQ GRQGH VH FDWDORJDURQ HQ ILFKDV WD[RQyPLFDV TXH KDFHQ SDUWH GH
OD EDVH GH GDWRV GHO 6LVWHPD GH ,QIRUPDFLyQ VREUH %LRGLYHUVLGDG 0DULQD GHO
,19(0$5 GRQGH VH LQFOX\HURQ FODYHV WD[RQyPLFDV HVTXHPDV JHQHUDOHV \ XQ
JORVDULR GH OD FODVH (Q HVWH DUWtFXOR ODV ILFKDV GH ODV HVSHFLHV TXH VRQ SULPHURV
UHJLVWURV LQFOX\HQ UHIHUHQFLDV GH LGHQWLILFDFLyQ VLQRQLPLDV PDWHULDO H[DPLQDGR
GLDJQRVLV GHVFULSFLyQ GLVWULEXFLyQ JHRJUiILFD SURIXQGLGDG GLPHQVLRQHV \
FRPHQWDULRV SDUD ODV HVSHFLHV TXH \D HVWDEDQ UHJLVWUDGDV QR VH SUHVHQWD
GHVFULSFLyQ (Q HO PDWHULDO H[DPLQDGR VH XWLOL]DQ ODV DEUHYLDWXUDV '7
'LiPHWUR GH OD WHVWD /7 /DUJR GH OD WHVWD $17 $QFKR GH OD WHVWD \ $/7
$OWR GH OD WHVWD ,19(0$5(48, 1~PHUR GH FDWiORJR HQ HO 0+10&
8610 1~PHUR GH FDWiORJR GH HMHPSODUHV GRQDGRV DO 101+ R GH HMHPSODUHV
FROHFWDGRV HQ &RORPELD TXH VH HQFXHQWUDQ GHSRVLWDGRV HQ HO 101+ /D
LQIRUPDFLyQ GH HVWRV HMHPSODUHV VH LQFOX\H HQ OD GLVWULEXFLyQ JHRJUiILFD GH ODV
HVSHFLHV \ HQ ORV SULPHURV UHJLVWURV KDFHQ SDUWH GHO PDWHULDO H[DPLQDGR
5(68/7$'26
6H FROHFWDURQ LQGLYLGXRV GH OD FODVH (FKLQRLGHD GLVWULEXLGRV HQ yUGHQHV IDPLOLDV JpQHURV \ HVSHFLHV TXH VH OLVWDQ D FRQWLQXDFLyQ
VLJXLHQGR D 6HUDI\ \ D 6PLWK 6H UHVDOWDQ FRQ DVWHULVFR ORV
SULPHURV UHJLVWURV SDUD HO &DULEH FRORPELDQR
3K\OXP (FKLQRGHPDWD GH %UXJXLHUH &ODVH (FKLQRLGHD /HVNH 2UGHQ &LGDURLGD &ODXV )DPLOLD &LGDULGDH *UD\ 3KLOLSSL 0RUWHQVHQ 2UGHQ (FKLQRWKXURLGD &ODXV ___________________________________________________________
! )DPLOLD (FKLQRWKXULLGDH :\YLOOH7KRPVSRQ :\YLOOH7KRPVRQ :\YLOOH7KRPVRQ 2UGHQ 'LDGHPDWRLGD 'XQFDQ )DPLOLD $VSLGRGLDGHPDWLGDH 'XQFDQ $ $JDVVL] 2UGHQ $UEDFLRLGD *UHJRU\ )DPLOLD $UEDFLLGDH *UD\ $ $JDVVL] 2UGHQ 7HPQRSOHXURLGD 0RUWHQVHQ )DPLOLD 7HPQRSOHXULGDH $ $JDVVL] $ $JDVVL] 2UGHQ &O\SHDVWHURLGD $ $JDVVL] )DPLOLD )LEXODULLGDH *UD\ 0RUWHQVHQ 2UGHQ 6SDWDQJRLGD &ODXV )DPLOLD 6FKL]DVWHULGDH /DPEHUW $ $JDVVL] )DPLOLD %ULVVLGDH *UD\ 0RUWHQVHQ )DPLOLD /RYHQLLGDH /DPEHUW $ $JDVVL] )DPLOLD $VWHURVWRPDWLGDH 3LFWHW $ $JDVVL] $ $JDVVL] $ $JDVVL] $ $JDVVL] ________________________________________________________________________________________________
&ODYHSDUDORVÐUGHQHVGHOD&ODVH(FKLQRLGHDHQFRQWUDGRVHQODIUDQMDVXSHULRUGHOWDOXGFRQWLQHQWDO
GHO0DU&DULEHFRORPELDQRPRGLILFDGDGH6HUDI\
3HULSURFWR GHQWUR GHO VLVWHPD DSLFDO«
3HULSURFWR IXHUD GH VLVWHPD DSLFDO 3ODFDV DPEXODFUDOHV FRQ SLHV DPEXODFUDOHV FRQWLQXDQGR HQ VHULHV GH SODFDV
VREUH HO SHULVWRPD
3ODFDV DPEXODFUDOHV FRQ SLHV DPEXODFUDOHV TXH QR FRQWLQ~DQ VREUH HO
SHULVWRPD ~QLFDPHQWH XQ SDU VLPSOH GH SODFDV EXFDOHV VREUH
pVWH
7HVWD UtJLGD SODFDV LQWHUDPEXODFUDOHV FRQ XQ VROR WXEpUFXOR SULPDULR JUDQGH
\ VX UHVSHFWLYD HVSLQD&,'$52,'$
7HVWD IOH[LEOH FRQ SODFDV LPEULFDGDV R XQLRQHV PHPEUDQRVDV LQWHUVWLFLDOHV
SODFDV LQWHUDPEXODFUDOHV FRQ PiV GH XQ WXEpUFXOR SULPDULR FRQ VXV UHVSHFWLYDV
HVSLQDV(&+,127+852,'$
7XEpUFXORV SHUIRUDGRV WXEpUFXORV SULPDULRV FUHQXODGRV
',$'(0$72,'$
7XEpUFXORV QR SHUIRUDGRV 3HULSURFWR FRQ FXDWUR R FLQFR YDOYDV WULDQJXODUHV IRUPDQGR XQD SLUiPLGH
DQDO$5%$&,2,'$
3HULSURFWR VLQ ODV FXDWUR YDOYDV WULDQJXODUHV TXH IRUPDQ XQD SLUiPLGH DQDO
RULILFLRV EUDQTXLDOHV GHOJDGRV \ VRPHURV
7(0123/(852,'$
/LQWHUQD GH $ULVWyWHOHV SUHVHQWH HQ MXYHQLOHV \ DGXOWRV 3RURV DPEXODFUDOHV
IRUPDQGR SpWDORV GLVWLQWLYRV iUHDV DPEXODFUDOHV WDQ DPSOLDV R PiV DPSOLDV TXH
ODV iUHDV LQWHUDPEXODFUDOHV GH OD VXSHUILFLH RUDO
&/<3($67(52,'$
/LQWHUQD GH $ULVWyWHOHV QXQFD SUHVHQWH )tORGRV DOJXQDV YHFHV SUHVHQWHV
ERFD DQWHURYHQWUDO SODVWURQ XQLGR DO ODEUXP $PEXODFURV , \ 9 XQLGRV DO
VLVWHPD DSLFDO«««««63$7$1*2,'$
___________________________________________________________
" 25'(1&,'$52,'$&/$86
)$0,/,$&,'$5,'$(*5$<
*e1(526W\ORFLGDULV0RUWHQVHQ
&ODYH SDUD ODV (VSHFLHV GHO *pQHUR 6W\ORFLGDULV HQFRQWUDGRV HQ OD IUDQMD VXSHULRU GHO WDOXG
FRQWLQHQWDOGHO0DU&DULEHFRORPELDQRPRGLILFDGDGH3KHODQ0RUWHQVHQ
*UiQXORV UHGRQGHDGRV HVSDUFLGRV XQLIRUPHPHQWH VREUH ODV SODFDV GHO
VLVWHPD DSLFDO OtQHD DPEXODFUDO PHGLD \ WRGDV ODV VXWXUDV LQWHUDPEXODFUDOHV
GHVQXGDV \ EODQFDV HVSLQDV PDUJLQDOHV \ HVFURELFXODUHV FRQ XQD EDQGD URML]D
ELHQ GHILQLGD VREUH OD OtQHD PHGLD GH FDGD XQD GH HOODV HVSLQDV SULPDULDV VREUH
DOJXQRV HVSHFtPHQHV EDQGHDGDV WUDQVYHUVDOPHQWH«« *UiQXORV HORQJDGRV GLVWDQFLDGRV HQWUH HOORV XELFDGRV D FDGD ODGR GH XQ
DQLOOR GHVQXGR GH FRORU FDIp URML]R TXH URGHD HO VLVWHPD DSLFDO OtQHD DPEXODFUDO
PHGLD \ WRGDV ODV VXWXUDV LQWHUDPEXODFUDOHV GHVQXGDV \ FDIp URML]DV HVSLQDV
PDUJLQDOHV \ HVFURELFXODUHV VLQ EDQGD URML]D R FXDQGR VH SUHVHQWD HV YHUGH
SiOLGD 6W\ORFLGDULVDIILQLV3KLOLSSL
),*85$$
5HIHUHQFLDVGHLGHQWLILFDFLyQ 0RUWHQVHQ ILJ SOV ILJV ILJ 3KHODQ SOV ILJV ILJV ILJV
7RPPDVL ILJV 6HUDI\ ILJ 6LQRQLPLDVHQ 3KHODQ 0DWHULDOH[DPLQDGR HMHPSODUHV ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP $/7
PP ( HMHPSODU 8610 ( HMHPSODU 8610 (
'LDJQRVLV 7XEpUFXORV QR FUHQXODGRV SHGLFHODULRV JOREtIHURV VLQ GLHQWH WHUPLQDO
VXWXUDV DPEXODFUDOHV H LQWHUDPEXODFUDOHV GHVQXGDV \ EODQFDV HVSLQDV
HVFURELFXODUHV FRQ EDQGDV FDIp URML]DV 3KHODQ 'LVWULEXFLyQJHRJUiILFD 6H GLVWULEX\H HQ HO $WOiQWLFR QRUWH RFFLGHQWDO HQ 0DU\ODQG \
%HUPXGD HQ OD FRVWD FRQWLQHQWDO \ %DKDPDV DOUHGHGRU GH OD )ORULGD KDVWD
)ORZHU *DUGHQ 7H[DV HO *ROIR GH 0p[LFR ODV $QWLOODV 0D\RUHV \ 0HQRUHV \
D OR ODUJR GH ODV FRVWDV GH 9HQH]XHOD (Q HO $WOiQWLFR 1RUWH RULHQWDO HV FRQRFLGD
HQ HO 0HGLWHUUiQHR 3RUWXJDO ODV ,VODV &DQDULDV \ ODV ,VODV GH &DER 9HUGH 6HUDI\
________________________________________________________________________________________________
(Q HO &DULEH FRORPELDQR *DOOR OD UHJLVWUD IUHQWH D 7$< \
WDPELpQ VH KD FROHFWDGR IUHQWH D *8$ 3$/ < 0$*
3URIXQGLGDG P 0iV FRP~Q HQWUH P 6HUDI\ 'LPHQVLRQHV '7 GH PP 6HUDI\ ___________________________________________________________
6W\ORFLGDULVOLQHDWD0RUWHQVHQ
),*85$%&'
5HIHUHQFLDVGHLGHQWLILFDFLyQ 0RUWHQVHQ 3KHODQ SOV ILJ ILJV 6HUDI\ 6LQRQLPLDVHQ 0RUWHQVHQ 0DWHULDOH[DPLQDGR HMHPSODU ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP $/7 PP
( HMHPSODUHV ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP $/7 PP (
HMHPSODUHV ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP $/7 PP ( HMHPSODU ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP $/7 PP ( HMHPSODUHV ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP $/7 PP ( HMHPSODU ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP $/7 PP ( HMHPSODUHV ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP $/7 PP (
HMHPSODU ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP $/7 PP ( HMHPSODU ,19(0$5(48, '7 $/7 PP ( HMHPSODU
8610 ( ( HMHPSODU 8610 ( (
'LDJQRVLV 6LVWHPD DSLFDO FRQ XQ DQLOOR GHVQXGR GH FRORU FDIp URML]R 6XWXUDV
DPEXODFUDOHV H LQWHUDPEXODFUDOHV FDIp URML]DV (VSLQDV HVFURELFXODUHV WRWDOPHQWH
EODQFDV VLQ EDQGDV GH FRORU 3KHODQ 'HVFULSFLyQ 7HVWD DSODQDGD GRUVDO \ YHQWUDOPHQWH \ FRQ HO iPELWR UHGRQGR
$PEXODFURV PRGHUDGDPHQWH RQGXODGRV FRQ WXEpUFXORV PDUJLQDOHV HQ VHULHV
XQLIRUPHV FRP~QPHQWH XQR SRU SODFD 'RV JUiQXORV DGLFLRQDOHV VREUH HO
ERUGH PiV EDMR GH OD SODFD MXVWR GHEDMR GHO WXEpUFXOR PDUJLQDO 7RGRV HVRV
JUiQXORV SXHGHQ VHU LQGLVWLQJXLEOHV VLQ XQD SUHSDUDFLyQ HVSHFLDO GH OD WHVWD /DV
DUHRODV GH ODV SODFDV LQWHUDPEXODFUDOHV VRQ PX\ JUDQGHV \ ELHQ VHSDUDGDV ODV
TXH VH HQFXHQWUDQ HQ OD UHJLyQ DPELWDO VRQ PRGHUDGDPHQWH SURIXQGDV (Q
HVSHFtPHQHV JUDQGHV QR VH REVHUYDQ FUHQXODFLRQHV VREUH ORV WXEpUFXORV SHUR
HQ RUJDQLVPRV SHTXHxRV VL (O DQLOOR HVFURELFXODU GH ORV WXEpUFXORV HV
LQFRQVSLFXR =RQD PHGLD GH ODV SODFDV JHQLWDOHV VLQ WXEpUFXORV JUDQXODUHV
IRUPDQGR XQ DQLOOR GHVQXGR GH FRORU URML]R HQ HO VLVWHPD DSLFDO /RV JUiQXORV
TXH VH HQFXHQWUDQ D FDGD ODGR GHO DQLOOR GHVQXGR VRQ GH DSDULHQFLD HORQJDGD
GLVSXHVWRV UDGLDOPHQWH /DV VXWXUDV DPEXODFUDOHV H LQWHUDPEXODFUDOHV VRQ GH
FRORU FDIp URML]R LQFOX\HQGR ORV RUJDQLVPRV GH SRFRV PLOtPHWURV GH GLiPHWUR
(VSLQDV SULPDULDV ODUJDV EODQFDV \ FRQ HVStQXODV GHOLFDGDV OD ORQJLWXG GH pVWDV
YD GH D YHFHV HO GLiPHWUR GH OD WHVWD /DV HVSLQDV PDUJLQDOHV \
HVFURELFXODUHV VRQ EODQFDV DXVHQWiQGRVH ODV EDQGDV GH FRORU 3KHODQ 'LVWULEXFLyQJHRJUiILFD 6H GLVWULEX\H HQ ODV $QWLOODV \ FHUFD D OD ERFD GHO *ROIR GH
0p[LFR 0RUWHQVHQ 3KHODQ \ 6HUDI\ (Q HO &DULEH FRORPELDQR
________________________________________________________________________________________________
#
IXH FROHFWDGD IUHQWH D 3XQWD *DOOLQDV EDKtD +RQGD FDER GH OD 9HOD *8$ UtR
3LHGUDV 3$/ LVOD $JXMD 1HQJXDQMH 7$< &DUWDJHQD 0$* LVODV GHO
5RVDULR $5&2 \ 3XHUWR (VFRQGLGR '$5
3URIXQGLGDG P 6HUDI\ 'LPHQVLRQHV '7 PP $/7 PP
&RPHQWDULRV $OJXQRV HMHPSODUHV SXHGHQ SUHVHQWDU XQD OtQHD YHUGH ROLYD HQ ODV
HVSLQDV HVFURELFXODUHV \ PDUJLQDOHV
25'(1(&+,127+852,'$&/$86
)$0,/,$(&+,127+85,,'$(:<9,//(7+20621
&ODYH SDUD ORV *pQHURV GH OD )DPLOLD (FKLQRWKXULGDH HQFRQWUDGRV HQ OD IUDQMD VXSHULRU GHO WDOXG
FRQWLQHQWDOGHO0DU&DULEHFRORPELDQRPRGLILFDGDGH6HUDI\0RUWHQVHQ
(VSLQDV SULPDULDV GHO ODGR RUDO HQ IRUPD GH EDWH UHFXELHUWDV SRU XQD FDSD
JUXHVD GH SLHO /DV SODFDV DPEXODFUDOHV FRPSXHVWDV GH OD VXSHUILFLH RUDO HVWiQ
IRUPDGDV SRU XQD SODFD SULPDULD FHQWUDO JUDQGH FRQ GRV SODFDV VHFXQGDULDV PiV
SHTXHxDV DUULED \ DEDMR WRGDV HQ FRQWDFWR FRQ ODV SODFDV LQWHUDPEXODFUDOHV
)LJXUD %
(VSLQDV SULPDULDV GHO ODGR RUDO FRQ XQ FDVFR EODQFR HQ OD SXQWD QR HQ
IRUPD GH EDWH \ QR FXELHUWDV SRU SLHO /DV SODFDV DPEXODFUDOHV FRPSXHVWDV GH OD
VXSHUILFLH RUDO HVWiQ IRUPDGDV SRU XQD SODFD SULPDULD FHQWUDO JUDQGH FRQ GRV
SODFDV VHFXQGDULDV PX\ SHTXHxDV WRWDOPHQWH HQFHUUDGDV SRU OD SODFD SULPDULD
ODV FXDOHV QR HVWiQ HQ FRQWDFWR FRQ ODV SODFDV LQWHUDPEXODFUDOHV )LJXUD
)««««««
*e1(52$UDHRVRPD0RUWHQVHQ
$UDHRVRPDIHQHVWUDWXP:\YLOOH7KRPVRQ
),*85$()
5HIHUHQFLDVGHLGHQWLILFDFLyQ 0RUWHQVHQ ILJ SOV 0RUWHQVHQ
ILJ 6HUDI\ 6LQRQLPLDVHQ 0RUWHQVHQ ___________________________________________________________
$ 0DWHULDOH[DPLQDGR HMHPSODU FRQVHUYDGR HQ VHFR ,19(0$5(48, '7
PP ( HMHPSODUHV ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP ( HMHPSODUHV ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP ( HMHPSODUHV
FRQVHUYDGRV HQ VHFR ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP ( HMHPSODUHV ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP ( HMHPSODU
FRQVHUYDGR HQ VHFR ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP ( HMHPSODUHV
,19(0$5(48, '7 PP ( HMHPSODU ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP (
'LDJQRVLV 3HGLFHODULRV WULGHQWDGRV JUDQGHV FRQ YDOYDV QR PX\ GHOJDGDV \
H[WUHPRV DFXVDGRV 6REUH HO ODGR RUDO HQ ORV DPEXODFURV ORV SDUHV GH SRURV GH
ODV SODFDV SULPDULDV HVWiQ FHUFD DO ERUGH GLVWDO GH pVWDV HQ ORV LQWHUDPEXODFURV
ORV WXEpUFXORV SULPDULRV GHO ERUGH DGUDGLDO HVWiQ RUJDQL]DGRV HQ VHULHV PX\
UHJXODUHV D OR ODUJR GH OD OtQHD PHGLD KD\ JHQHUDOPHQWH XQ WXEpUFXOR SULPDULR
FDGD GRV SODFDV IRUPDQGR WDPELpQ VHULHV UHJXODUHV TXH FRQYHUJHQ KDFLD HO
iPELWR 0RUWHQVHQ 'LVWULEXFLyQ JHRJUiILFD 6H GLVWULEX\H HQ HO $WOiQWLFR 1RUWH GHVGH ODV FRVWDV GH
)ORULGD KDVWD HO 6XU GH &XED 0RUWHQVHQ (Q HO &DULEH FRORPELDQR
*RQ]iOH] OD UHJLVWUD IUHQWH D '$5 \ WDPELpQ VH KD FROHFWDGR IUHQWH D
0$* $5&2 \ '$5
3URIXQGLGDG P 0RUWHQVHQ 'LPHQVLRQHV '7 PP 0RUWHQVHQ &RPHQWDULRV 7LHQH XQD FRORUDFLyQ YLROHWD LQWHQVD KDFLD HO FHQWUR TXH GLVPLQX\H
JUDGXDOPHQWH KDFLD HO iPELWR 5HJLyQ RUDO GH FRORU JULV FRQ HVSLQDV GH
H[WUHPRV EODQFRV 0RUWHQVHQ (VWD HVSHFLH HV PX\ VLPLODU D 0RUWHQVHQ GLILHUH GH pVWD SULQFLSDOPHQWH SRU OD IRUPD GH ODV YDOYDV
GH ORV SHGLFHODULRV WULGHQWDGRV ODV FXDOHV HQ VRQ PiV JUXHVDV \
SUHVHQWDQ H[WUHPRV ILQRV \ DJXGRV \ HQ VRQ GHOJDGDV \ WLHQHQ
WHUPLQDFLRQHV FXUYDV 0RUWHQVHQ *e1(523KRUPRVRPD:\YLOOH7KRPVRQ
3KRUPRVRPDSODFHQWD:\YLOOH7KRPVRQ
),*85$$%
5HIHUHQFLDVGHLGHQWLILFDFLyQ 0RUWHQVHQ ILJV SO ILJV ILJV ILJV 0RUWHQVHQ ILJ 6HUDI\ ________________________________________________________________________________________________
%
6LQRQLPLDVHQ 0RUWHQVHQ HQ DGLFLyQ &ODUN 0RUWHQVHQ 6HUDI\
0DWHULDO H[DPLQDGR HMHPSODU ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP ( HMHPSODU ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP ( HMHPSODU 0$& '7 PP ( HMHPSODU ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP ( HMHPSODUHV ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP ( HMHPSODUHV
,19(0$5(48, '7 PP ( HMHPSODUHV ,19(0$5
(48, '7 PP ( HMHPSODU 8610 ( (
'LDJQRVLV (VSLQDV SULPDULDV DGRUDOHV HQ IRUPD GH EDWH \ UHYHVWLGDV SRU XQD EROVD
GH SLHO JUXHVD 3ODFDV DPEXODFUDOHV VREUH OD VXSHUILFLH RUDO FRPSXHVWDV SRU XQD
SODFD SULPDULD FHQWUDO JUDQGH FRQ XQD SODFD VHFXQGDULD PiV SHTXHxD DUULED \
DEDMR WRGDV HQ FRQWDFWR FRQ ODV SODFDV LQWHUDPEXODFUDOHV 0RUWHQVHQ \
6HUDI\ 'LVWULEXFLyQJHRJUiILFD 6H GLVWULEX\H HQ HO $WOiQWLFR 1RUWH GHVGH ,VODQGLD KDVWD ODV
$]RUHV \ HO *ROIR GH *XLQHD \ GHVGH HO (VWUHFKR 'DYLV KDVWD HO *ROIR GH
0p[LFR $QWLOODV 9HQH]XHOD \ &RORPELD 0RUWHQVHQ &ODUN 7RPPDVL $OODLQ 0RUWHQVHQ \ 6HUDI\ HQ GRQGH VH KD
FROHFWDGR IUHQWH D *8$ 3$/ 7$< 0$* $5&2 \ '$5
3URIXQGLGDG P 0RUWHQVHQ \ 6HUDI\ 'LPHQVLRQHV '7 PP 0RUWHQVHQ &RPHQWDULRV (O FRORU HQ RUJDQLVPRV YLYRV HV PRUDGR HQ OD SDUWH YHQWUDO \ JULV HQ
OD SDUWH GRUVDO FRQ PDQFKDV PRUDGDV 0RUWHQVHQ 9DULRV DXWRUHV KDQ
FRQVLGHUDGR VXEHVSHFLHV \ YDULHGDGHV SDUD 6HUDI\ \ YDU 0RUWHQVHQ &ODUN (Q HVWH WUDEDMR OD LGHQWLILFDFLyQ VH UHDOL]y KDVWD HO QLYHO GH HVSHFLH SRUTXH ODV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV QHFHVDULDV SDUD VHSDUDUODV Q~PHUR GH SODFDV FRURQDOHV DERUDOHV \
HO WDPDxR \ GLVSRVLFLyQ GH ORV WXEpUFXORV QR VRQ FRQVLVWHQWHV
___________________________________________________________
& ! " # ________________________________________________________________________________________________
25'(1',$'(0$72,'$'81&$1
)$0,/,$$63,'2',$'(0$7,'$('81&$1
*e1(52$VSLGRGLDGHPD$$JDVVL]
$VSLGRGLDGHPDMDFRE\L$$JDVVL]
),*85$&
5HIHUHQFLDVGHLGHQWLILFDFLyQ 0RUWHQVHQ 7RPPDVL ILJ
6HUDI\ 6LQRQLPLDVHQ 0RUWHQVHQ 0DWHULDO H[DPLQDGR HMHPSODU ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP $/7
PP ( HMHPSODUHV ,19(0$5(48, '7 $/7 PP ( HMHPSODUHV ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP $/7
PP ( HMHPSODU ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP $/7 PP ( HMHPSODUHV ,19(0$5(48, '7 PP $/7 PP ( HMHPSODUHV ,19(0$5(48, '7 $/7 ( HMHPSODU 8610 ( (
'LDJQRVLV $OWXUD GH OD WHVWD FDVL LJXDO DO GLiPHWUR GH HVWD 3ODFDV DPEXODFUDOHV
FRPSXHVWDV 7XEpUFXORV SULPDULRV GH FRORU YHUGH VREUH ODV SODFDV DPEXODFUDOHV
H LQWHUDPEXODFUDOHV 0RUWHQVHQ \ 6HUDI\ 'LVWULEXFLyQ JHRJUiILFD 6H GLVWULEX\H GHVGH %DKDPDV KDVWD HO *ROIR GH 0p[LFR
<XFDWiQ $QWLOODV 0D\RUHV \ 0HQRUHV \ &RORPELD $JDVVL] 0RUWHQVHQ
$OODLQ \ 6HUDI\ HQ GRQGH VH KD FROHFWDGR IUHQWH D 0$*
$5&2 \ '$5
3URIXQGLGDG P 6HUDI\ 'LPHQVLRQHV '7 PP $/7 PP 6HUDI\ &RPHQWDULRV /RV HVSHFtPHQHV MyYHQHV '7 PP WLHQHQ ODV HVSLQDV SULPDULDV
YHUGH SiOLGR \ OD WHVWD \ ODV HVSLQDV VHFXQGDULDV EODQFDV OR TXH SXHGH SHUVLVWLU
HQ OD PDGXUH] 6LQ HPEDUJR HQ OD PD\RUtD FXDQGR DOFDQ]DQ '7! PP
DSDUHFH XQ FRORU PRUDGR VREUH OD SDUWH DSLFDO \ HQ OD EDVH GH ODV HVSLQDV
SULPDULDV VXSHULRUHV HO FXDO DOFDQ]D OD WRWDOLGDG GHO DQLPDO H[FHSWXDQGR ODV
HVSLQDV SULPDULDV ODV FXDOHV WRPDQ XQD FRORUDFLyQ YHUGH RVFXUD &ODUN /RV HMHPSODUHV FROHFWDGRV SUHVHQWDQ VLHWH SODFDV SHULSURFWDOHV VHLV JUDQGHV \
XQD PiV SHTXHxD \ QR VHLV FRPR GHVFULEH $JDVVL] ___________________________________________________________
Descargar