Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno “lacandón” Functionality and Perversion of the Myth: The “Lacandon” Environment Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz En-claves del Pensamiento, vol. VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre, 2014, pp. 143-159. Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de México Distrito Federal, México En-claves del Pensamiento, ISSN (Versión impresa): 1870-879X dora.garcia@itesm.mx en-claves.ccm@servicios.itesm.mx Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de México México FUNCIONALIDAD Y PERVERSIÓN DEL MITO Entorno “lacandón” ÁNGEL FERNANDO CABRERA BAZ* !"#$%&%'()#*+%#,","-#./0( %)1+12%'()#./#,"%&$(#)+'.3( %&$-%#/()#4.'45%) 1(&6".&3(#%&#%/#%)7"-./ 3%)'%&+8.3(#3%#/%&0+.) *+%#-%1(--"'()#)%7.-.3()9 3%)1(--.'()#/%&$.'%&$%#%/#,%/( 7.-.#&(#%&1%0+%1%-&() 1(&#%/#)(/#3%#/.#5/$"'.#7-(6%1:.9 1(&1"/"%'()#&+%)$-()#6"-'.'%&$() %&#+&.#2.'.1.#%&#/.#)%/,.9 )(/$%'()#%/#1.+3./#7-(/:6"1( %&#/()#!"#$%&##7.-.#*+%#-"%0+%&#&+%,()#1.'"&()9 3%).$%'()#/()#&+3()#3%#,"3.)#.&$%-"(-%) )(;.&3(#1"$.)#3%#<.3%#%&#./$.#'.1.//%'()= -%1%'()=# 1%/%4-%'()9 1('7.-$.'()#+&#7%3.8(#3%#%$%-&"3.3> !"#$%&'()*+"&,," ?!"#$%#&'()'*+%,-.#+'/,01)2+%.$#+'$#)'(+3($.14.-1-'()'5%.$1'3#&'(4'6)+%.%,%#'7($)#489.$#':'-(' @)$+3"()#!+7%-"(-%)#A(&$%--%B=#C.'7+)#C"+3.3#3%#ADE"1(=#ADE"1(=#1.4.0%/(FB.2((>1('>'E 143 EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159. 144 Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz Resumen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bstract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año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159. Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno “lacandón” 145 Introducción !"#$%&'()*+$',)-'%.)-&-/'0$'1*.$2.1.)'!"#$%&'%()*!"#$%&'()!*%(+,+%()! -%.)(/!0)(,1,!%2!%3!0)2'%4!5)2!&$&!+67%(%2'%&!&%(%&8!9%()!+%&9$:&!,1,2+)2,! &$!0)(,+,!'%((%2,3!;!,&56%2+%!,3!56%3)!%2!5)09,.<,!+%!&$!7,0636,=!,3!06&0)! '6%09)8!+,-,.!"+%6+,+!+%!3,!0$%('%/8!%&!%>9$3&,+)!9)(!!"#$%&'%()*!,3!627(,? 0$2+)!9)(!62'%2',(!+%&'($6(!,!3,&!5(6,'$(,&!+%!&$!,0)@A!B3!%&9,56)!+%!3)&!+6)&%&! %&!9(62569,30%2'%!%3!76(0,0%2')!;!%3!627(,0$2+)8!9%()!0,2'6%2%2!&$!6273$%256,! %2!3,!&%3C,8!%3!1)&D$%8!3,&!C%(%+,&8!3)&!(<)&8!3,&!3,E$2,&8!%3!5,&%(<)!;!3,&!(%$? 26)2%&@!F)&!+6)&%&!5)G,16',2!5)2!3)&!G)01(%&8!;!3,&!(%3,56)2%&!+%!3)&!G)01(%&! 5)2!3)&!+6)&%&!&)2!0,267%&',56)2%&!+%!3,&!(%3,56)2%&!5)2&6E)!06&0)&8!"5)2C6(? '6%2+)!3,&!%09(%&,&!+%!3)&!+6)&%&!',016:2!%2!%09(%&,&!G$0,2,&/@! 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año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159. 146 Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz !"#$%#&'()!%*$%!#%+#(,*$'-#"./(/.('#%0)'*%('.#.,#,1/+/2"&/3*#45,*1'#&'*# '1!'.#%+%(%*1'.4-#$%.$%#6/*%.#7#"&1'!%.#%.)%&86/&'.9 Mito fundacional “lacandón” como elemento de comprensión del mundo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`\-#))9#[Z[-#[Z]#7#[[K>[]Z9 EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159. Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno “lacandón”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`%)<9!%-"($*+,-#)+"&-)./,+)%"&.+&012-3#($X_`$:$ PYa_($MGN*.&($FDDU($04$CHD4 CO$ 6"&.*-.*=%$'!1-.*&%-)-$-$",$*%#!'-..*=%$.&%$1-$%-#,'-1!;-($2!"#*)&($-1*/!%#-.*=%($:$!%$"<($ +&'/-$)!$2*)-4 CR$ X&%$1-$)&#-.*=%$#!''*#&'*-1$)!$CB\F($!%$1-$@,!$"!$1!"$-.'!)*#-$UCO($HFC$3!.#I'!-"($:$1-$0&"7 #!'*&'$!N01&#-.*=%$)!$!"-$)!/-'.-.*=%($0'*%.*0-1/!%#!$0&'$1-$X&/0-]<-$`%),"#'*-1$S&'!"#-1$)!$1-$ E-.-%)&%-$A4$64$ZX&+&1-"-[($&'9-%*;-.*=%$9,8!'%-/!%#-1$/-)!'!'-4$E&"$*%2!"#*9-)&'!"$V!'-')&$ :,";$,<'4'9,"#,'=."*>'</?,3,+'@./'3,'</3A,'+*'-*2B,'</"'/C-3*#,2,'A/"2,2/",D/+#/'<$+'@./'E.1$/7 '-$,%$),!]&$@,!$0!'/*#*!'-$3-.!'1&($b:$@,!$/!?&'$@,!$UU$+-/*1*-"$K1-.-%)&%-"L$/-'9*%-)-"c$^!'$ :/","2*':,";$,<'4'9,"#,'=."*>&'(F*<'3,0,+2*+/<'.+'D$#*'2/'3,'G/;*"D,'HI","$,6&'/+'!0E*,'4'F//' Z!)"4[($4)56#7#8#,/%&+&9-"5#6-%&.+&8#"&:-2+;<#=!+"&>&:%>%"($ aY6MJK"$IE,D'L*.+I'M+$A/"<$#4&'9N7 N*.&($CB5H($004$OOC7OO\4 EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159. 148 Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz !"#$%&%'(#)*+,-,*(,.(,#/0%*(!*,+*)12!%&'3,4),%(1*+!%5#$'",6%/,6"*(&7,+*8#)#,9.*, )'+,:)#&#($'(*+;,+*,7#(,&'(1*"!%$',*(,.(,)'5'!%<',<#"#,=#,=#&#($'(#,-,>7%#? 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`@,<<3,aV?GW3, FL, ^%!.#&%C(,9.*,#0'"$#"*/'+,*(,*),#<#"!#$',$*,A.(&%'(#)%$#$,-,<*"1*"+%C(,$*),/%!',A.($#&%'? (#),:)#&#($C(;3 FV! "#$!%&$'#()*'+#!%&$',-.!:*"%'(%,2",1+%,#.";1+%,*&29<"&(%=,>2"&'*2(2,-,$*'.(1*2(2,"&'$",1+%, /(-(%@,\(+!%!.!',[#&%'(#),\($%5*(%+!#@,bEJ%&'@,FWWa@,<3,FZW3 FW, =C<*B@,3+%,/*'+%,2"1,'1().()?"@@,+#=,)*'=@,<<3,GG?GV3 EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159. Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno “lacandón”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año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159. 150 Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz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año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159. 151 Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno “lacandón” !"#$%&'()(*)+,&%)&(%-#.%./)0(%-#.%.('),&%').()-%')1!()'()(*$!(*,&%*).#2(&(*,(') 3(&'3($,#4%')()#*,(*$#+*('/)5)$+*,#*!%$#6*)'(7%-%8+')%-9!*%'/ Funcionalidad y perversión del mito en “lacandones” y más allá de ellos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año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159. Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno “lacandón” 153 !"#$%"&'(")"($*'&+'),-+*,.$/,'0'.,'1"*%,'#$'"!$*,*'$)'#2&-2)-,&'&"(2$#,#$&3' 4,&'#2%$)&2")$&'#$'.,'*,(2"),.2#,#'$)'.,&'5+$'"!$*,'&")'#21$*$)-$&6 7.'%2-"'!,*-$'#$'.,'8,&$'5+$'$.'&+9$-"'0'$.'"89$-"'!$*%,)$($)'2)#2&".+8.$%$)-$' +)2#"&:' #$' -,.' %,)$*,' 5+$' $)' $.."&' ."' 5+$' $&' 2#$,.' 0' ."' 5+$' $&' %,-$*2,.' &$' $); (+$)-*,' $&-*$(<,%$)-$' ("2%!.2(,#":' ,.' 2=+,.' 5+$' ."' 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año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159. 156 Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz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año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159. 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año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159. 159 Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno “lacandón”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echa de recepción: 05/11/2012 Fecha de aceptación: 21/05/2013 EF# I5<"B6#!"#$%&'"#$()*$'*+,-+,.)/6#"01$,&'16#<<1#JKF#0#JKL1 EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159.