Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno

Anuncio
Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno “lacandón” Functionality and Perversion of the Myth: The “Lacandon” Environment Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz En-claves del Pensamiento, vol. VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre, 2014, pp. 143-159.
Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de
México Distrito Federal, México
En-claves del Pensamiento,
ISSN (Versión impresa): 1870-879X
dora.garcia@itesm.mx
en-claves.ccm@servicios.itesm.mx
Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de
Monterrey Campus Ciudad de México
México
FUNCIONALIDAD Y PERVERSIÓN DEL MITO
Entorno “lacandón”
ÁNGEL FERNANDO CABRERA BAZ*
!"#$%&%'()#*+%#,","-#./0(
%)1+12%'()#./#,"%&$(#)+'.3(
%&$-%#/()#4.'45%)
1(&6".&3(#%&#%/#%)7"-./
3%)'%&+8.3(#3%#/%&0+.)
*+%#-%1(--"'()#)%7.-.3()9
3%)1(--.'()#/%&$.'%&$%#%/#,%/(
7.-.#&(#%&1%0+%1%-&()
1(&#%/#)(/#3%#/.#5/$"'.#7-(6%1:.9
1(&1"/"%'()#&+%)$-()#6"-'.'%&$()
%&#+&.#2.'.1.#%&#/.#)%/,.9
)(/$%'()#%/#1.+3./#7-(/:6"1(
%&#/()#!"#$%&##7.-.#*+%#-"%0+%&#&+%,()#1.'"&()9
3%).$%'()#/()#&+3()#3%#,"3.)#.&$%-"(-%)
)(;.&3(#1"$.)#3%#<.3%#%&#./$.#'.1.//%'()=
-%1%'()=#
1%/%4-%'()9
1('7.-$.'()#+&#7%3.8(#3%#%$%-&"3.3>
!"#$%&'()*+"&,,"
?!"#$%#&'()'*+%,-.#+'/,01)2+%.$#+'$#)'(+3($.14.-1-'()'5%.$1'3#&'(4'6)+%.%,%#'7($)#489.$#':'-('
@)$+3"()#!+7%-"(-%)#A(&$%--%B=#C.'7+)#C"+3.3#3%#ADE"1(=#ADE"1(=#1.4.0%/(FB.2((>1('>'E
143
EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159.
144
Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz
Resumen
!
"#$%&'#(")$%&(*'+(,"#-(%+.&(/0%#1'#(/203&'"+('#-$1#/(&04#-$%-$#."'#2$3%2$+5
&()'# %0+('14# +0/0# $1$/$"&0# -$# '2060# 2'3'# 7-$%$")01)$3%$8# $"# 1'# )(-'9# $1#
(/2'+&0#:.$#230)0+'#%.#2;3-(-'#%0<3$#1'#+0/23$"%(,"#-$#1'#3$'1(-'-9#%.#=03/'#
-$#("&$*3'3#6#%$2'3'3#-(%&("&'%#%0+($-'-$%#'#&3');%#-$#1'%#=."+(0"$%#:.$#+./21$#
6#10%#'+&03$%#-$%-$#10%#:.$#%$#0<%$3)'>#?&$"-$/0%#10%#3'%*0%#@./'"0%#:.$#
/'"(=($%&'#%.#+'3A+&$3#%'*3'-0#6#230='"0#$"#$1#/0-0#-$#@'<(&'3#$1#/."-04#("5
-'*'/0%#%.#-(%20%(+(,"#-$#@A<(&0%#6#+3$$"+('%#$"#1'%#3$)$1'+(0"$%#:.$#0=3$+$#
6#$"#1'%#+$3&$B'%#:.$#230/.$)$#'"&$#10%#/($-0%#23(/'3(0%#-$1#/."-0>#?"'1(B'/0%#
1'%#-(/$"%(0"$%#3'+(0"'1#$#(33'+(0"'1#23$%$"&$%#$"#$1#/(&0#203#%.#11'/'-0#'#1'#
&0&'1(-'-4#%.#+0/."(+'+(,"#'#&3');%#-$1#)$@C+.10#-$#1'#"'33'+(,"4#-(%&("&'%#)$3&($"5
&$%#:.$#10#".&3$"4#+1')$%#:.$#2$3/(&$"#'+$3+'3%$#'#%.#+0/23$"%(,"#6#=."+(0"'5
1(-'-4#='+&03$%#-$#+033.2+(,"4#$%#-$+(34#/0&()'+(0"$%#:.$#<.%+'"#'-$+.'310#$#
(/21'"&'310#+0"#'='"$%#-$#-0/("(0>#D0-'%#$%&'%#+0"%(-$3'+(0"$%#3$=$3(-'%#'1#
2'3&(+.1'3#$"&03"0#71'+'"-,"8>
!"#"$%"&'(#")*+'/(&04#=."+(0"'1(-'-4#1'+'"-,"4#@'<(&'34#2$3)$3%(,">
Abstract
E
"#&@(%#3$%$'3+@#F$#-(%+.%%#&@$#(/203&'"+$#0=#&@$#/6&@4#=30/#'#%0+('1#2$3%2$+5
&()$4#'%#%.2203&()$#$1$/$"&#&0#73$)$18#("#1(=$9#&@$#(/2'+&#+'.%$-#<6#(&%#10%%#("#&@$#
."-$3%&'"-("*# 0=# 3$'1(&69# (&%# F'6# &0# ("&$*3'&$# '"-# %$2'3'&$# -(==$3$"&# %0+($&($%#
&@30.*@#&@$#=."+&(0"%#&@'&#(&#+0/21$&$%#'"-#&@$#'+&03%#=30/#F@(+@#(&#(%#0<%$3)$->#
G$#'++0."&#=03#&@$#@./'"#=$'&.3$%#&@'&#/'"(=$%&%#(&%#%'+3$-#'"-#230='"$#+@'5
3'+&$3#("#&@$#F'6#0=#("@'<(&("*#&@$#F031-4#F$#(")$%&(*'&$#(&%#-(%20%(&(0"#0=#@'<(&%#
'"-#<$1($=%#("#&@$#3$)$1'&(0"%#&@'&#(&#0==$3%#'"-#("#&@$#+$3&'("&($%#&@'&#(&#230/0&$%#
("#&@$#='+$#0=#&@$#23(/'36#=$'3%#0=#&@$#F031->#G$#'"'16%$#&@$#3'&(0"'1#'"-#(33'&(05
"'1#-(/$"%(0"%#23$%$"&#("#&@$#/6&@#=03#&@$(3#+'11#&0#&@$#$"&(3$&64#&@$(3#+0//."(5
!"#$%&'#()%*+('#(,'-,($!.,'%/'&"))"#$%&0'1$//,),&#'!"*2,3"42'#("#'&*)#*),'$#0'5,42'
&@'&# '110F# &0# +0/$# +10%$3# &0# &@$(3# ."-$3%&'"-("*# '"-# =."+&(0"'1(&64# ='+&03%# 0=#
!%))*6#$%&0'#("#'$2'#%'2"40'7%#$-"#$%&2'#("#'.%%5'#%'"1"6#'"&1'$76."&#'$#'3$#('#(,'
2.320%$#0=#-0/("'"+$>#?11#&@$%$#+0"%(-$3'&(0"%#3$=$33$-#&0#&@$#2'3&(+.1'3#7H'5
+'"-,"8#$")(30"/$"&>#
,*-'./%0&+'/6&@4#=."+&(0"'1(&64#1'+'"-0"4#("@'<(&4#2$3)$3%(0">
EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159.
Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno “lacandón”
145
Introducción
!"#$%&'()*+$',)-'%.)-&-/'0$'1*.$2.1.)'!"#$%&'%()*!"#$%&'()!*%(+,+%()!
-%.)(/!0)(,1,!%2!%3!0)2'%4!5)2!&$&!+67%(%2'%&!&%(%&8!9%()!+%&9$:&!,1,2+)2,!
&$!0)(,+,!'%((%2,3!;!,&56%2+%!,3!56%3)!%2!5)09,.<,!+%!&$!7,0636,=!,3!06&0)!
'6%09)8!+,-,.!"+%6+,+!+%!3,!0$%('%/8!%&!%>9$3&,+)!9)(!!"#$%&'%()*!,3!627(,?
0$2+)!9)(!62'%2',(!+%&'($6(!,!3,&!5(6,'$(,&!+%!&$!,0)@A!B3!%&9,56)!+%!3)&!+6)&%&!
%&!9(62569,30%2'%!%3!76(0,0%2')!;!%3!627(,0$2+)8!9%()!0,2'6%2%2!&$!6273$%256,!
%2!3,!&%3C,8!%3!1)&D$%8!3,&!C%(%+,&8!3)&!(<)&8!3,&!3,E$2,&8!%3!5,&%(<)!;!3,&!(%$?
26)2%&@!F)&!+6)&%&!5)G,16',2!5)2!3)&!G)01(%&8!;!3,&!(%3,56)2%&!+%!3)&!G)01(%&!
5)2!3)&!+6)&%&!&)2!0,267%&',56)2%&!+%!3,&!(%3,56)2%&!5)2&6E)!06&0)&8!"5)2C6(?
'6%2+)!3,&!%09(%&,&!+%!3)&!+6)&%&!',016:2!%2!%09(%&,&!G$0,2,&/@!
B2!3,!,5'$,36+,+!%3!62'%(:&!9)(!%3!06')!G,!5)1(,+)!(%3%C,256,H!;,!2)!&%!)1?
&%(C,!%>53$&6C,0%2'%!5)0)!,3E)!9(606'6C)!;!7,2',&6)&)8!%&!',016:2!7($')!&)56,3!
+%(6C,+)!+%!0$;!C,(6,+)&!E:(0%2%&!IE%&',+)&!9(62569,30%2'%!9)(!62'%256)2,?
36+,+%&!+%!&$&!+6&'62')&!9,('6569,2'%&I@!-%!%25$%2'(,!%2!$2,!3$5G,!9%(0,2%2?
'%!9)(!0,2'%2%(&%!C6C)8!;!,!3,!C%J!&%!'(,2&7)(0,!,!3)!3,(E)!+%3!'6%09)!9,(,!3)E(,(!
&$!9%(+$(,1636+,+@!-$!609)(',256,!(,+65,8!9(62569,30%2'%8!%2!9%(06'6(!5$%&'6)2,(?
2)&!0)+%3)&!+%!5)09)(',06%2')!0K&!,33K!+%3!K016')!0%(,0%2'%!(,56)2,38!9$%&!
',016:2!9(%&%2',!%&9,56)&!+%!62'$656L2!;!7%!D$%!2)&!0$%&'(,2!7)(0,&!+%!,5'$,(@!
B2!%3!3%2E$,M%!)(+62,(6)!&$%3%!,&)56,(&%!5)2!,3E)!D$%!2)!%&!C%(+,+8!D$%!%&!
62C%2',+)!5)0)!&60$3,5()!)!%25$1(606%2')8!&62!5)2&6+%(,(!')+)!3)!%>6&'%2'%!'(,&!
&$!7,5G,+,!+%!N7,3&%+,+O@!P2+%9%2+6%2'%0%2'%!+%!&$!C%(,56+,+8!(%&$3',!9(60)(?
+6,3!&$!7$256)2,06%2')!9,(,!+6&'62')&!G)01(%&!;!&)56%+,+%&@!
F)&!06')&!&%!%25$%2'(,2!609(%E2,+)&!+%!$2!G,3)!+%!06&'%(6)!D$%!'(,&3$5%!
+%!7)(0,!625)2&56%2'%8!9%()!D$%!,!&$!C%J8!9%(C6C%!%2!$2,!,'0L&7%(,!(%,3@!NF,!
&6E26765,56L2!+%3!06')!0K&!D$%!+%7626(&%8!&%!62'$;%8!9%('%2%5%!0K&!,3!K016')!+%!
3)!6093<56')!D$%!,3!+%!3)!%>93<56')8!&$E6%(%!0K&!D$%!,76(0,8!609(%E2,!&$1(%9'656,?
0%2'%!0$5G)!0K&!+%!3)!D$%!&%!9$%+%!+%+$56(!9)(!0%+6)!+%!3)&!0%5,26&0)&!
3LE65)&!G,16'$,3%&O@Q!B3!06')!2)&!9%(06'%!+%C%3,(!7)(0,&!+%!62'%E(,56L2!%2!3)&!
9()5%&)&!+%!3,&!&)56%+,+%&!+)2+%!)9%(,@!B2!%&'%!62'(625,+)!%&9,56)!&6'$,0)&!
2$%&'()!D$%G,5%(!62C%&'6E,'6C)H!,3!,2,36J,(!5L0)!6273$;%!3,!5)2&)36+,56L2!;!9:(?
+6+,!+%!3)&!06')&!N3,5,2+)2%&O8!%&9%5<765,0%2'%!%3!7$2+,56)2,38!9,(,!&$!0,2%?
4! B>9(%&6L2!5)3)D$6,3!9,(,!(%7%(6(&%!,3!1)&D$%!)!&%3C,@
A! R%3,')!N3,5,2+L2O!&)1(%!%3!$"/,0"0'%&',)-'%.)-&-3'4&*'5+*.&67%.,&'5+*.)$8'9:+;)',+'-)(<*+'
+%!3,!E(,2!S%61,H!3,!5)&0)C6&6L2!+%!3)&!3,5,2+)2%&O8!%2!12-"#"03-8!2T0@!UUV8!62C6%(2)8! SPB-W-8!
X:>65)8!AUUU8!99@!YV?VZ@
Q! W37(%+)!FL9%J8!43-%*,03-%526%06"#)"#$28!W36,2J,!B+6')(6,3!X%>65,2,8!X:>65)8!4[[U8!9@!4Z4@
EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159.
146
Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz
!"#$%#&'()!%*$%!#%+#(,*$'-#"./(/.('#%0)'*%('.#.,#,1/+/2"&/3*#45,*1'#&'*#
'1!'.#%+%(%*1'.4-#$%.$%#6/*%.#7#"&1'!%.#%.)%&86/&'.9
Mito fundacional “lacandón” como elemento
de comprensión del mundo
:*1%.#$%#";'!$"!#%+#(/1'#$%#6,*$"&/'*"+#<+"&"*$3*=#%.#*%&%."!/'#&'*1%01,">
+/2"!-# ",*?,%# .%"# ;!%@%(%*1%-# "# %.1%# A!,)'# B,("*'9# C+# 1D!(/*'# <+"&"*$3*=#
.,!A%#"+#&".1%++"*/2"!#%+#*'(;!%#$%#+"#+"A,*"#!"#"$%&'(-#?,%#?,/%!%#$%&/!#<E!"*#
F%G3*=-#1D!(/*'#%()+%"$'#)"!"#"+,$/!#"+#A!,)'#?,%#B";/1";"#$,!"*1%#%+#./A+'#HIJ#
.';!%#,*"#/.+"#!'&'."#%*#+"#+"A,*"#"*1%!/'!(%*1%#.%G"+"$"9K#L"#$%.")"!/&/3*#$%#
+'.#<+"&"*$'*%.=#&'('#),%;+'#'&,!!%#"#)!/*&/)/'.#$%+#./A+'#HIJJJ-#)'!#+".#)%*,!/".#
M%*6%!(%$"$%.-#B'.1/A"(/%*1'-#('$/6/&"&/3*#$%#&'.1,(;!%.#7#&!%$'N#'&"./'*">
$".#%*#+".#&'*.1"*1%.#!%,;/&"&/'*%.9#O,#P+1/('#%.1";+%&/(/%*1'#!%A/.1!"$'#6,%#
Q%1"+B,+%,-#E,"1%("+"9R#L'.#$/.1/*1'.#/*$/'.#%0/+/"$'.#%*#+".#('*1"G".#7#.%+@".#
)%!$/%!'*#.,#/$%*1/$"$#D1*/&"#"+#&'*5,*1"!.%#&'*#'1!'.#A!,)'.#)!'@%*/%*1%.#$%#
S,&"1T*-#U";".&'#7#V"()%&B%-#?,/%*%.#1"(;/D*#.%#%*&'*1!";"*#B,7%*$'#$%#+"#
')!%./3*#&'+'*/"+9
!"#$%&'(#)#*"+,#-+./#01234/56+,#)2#,*6#-/#7)2/"8*/#,/#2+.)219)"#),/"5)>
(/%*1'.# 1!/;"+%.# B".1"# "*1%.# $%.&'*'&/$'.-# "# %.1'.# A!,)'.# .%# +%.# $%*'(/*"#
<&"!/;%.# $%+# ('*1%=-W# ?,/%*%.# .%# %.1/("# .'*# +'.# B'7# ++"("$'.# <+"&"*$'*%.=-#
",*?,%#*'#A,"!$"*#!%+"&/3*#&'*#+'.#<",1D*1/&'.#+"&"*$'*%.=-#)%!'#.%#+%.#".'&/"#
)'!# .,# &%!&"*8"# A%'A!T6/&"# 7# $%.&'*'&/(/%*1'9X# C++'.# )!%6/%!%*# .%!# ++"("$'.#
./()+%(%*1%# ("7".-# 7# .%# ",1'*'(;!"*# )"#)* +,(,#-* MB'(;!%.# @%!$"$%!'.# '#
A%*1%#'!/A/*"+N9#O'*#,*#A!,)'#D1*/&'#BT;/+#%*#%+#("*%5'#$%#.,#%*1'!*'#7#$%#+'.#
P+1/('.#A!,)'.#&'*#)!T&1/&".#./+@8&'+".#?,%#?,%$"*#%*#YD0/&'9#O%#$%.%*@,%+@%*#
&'*#A!"*#*"1,!"+/$"$#%*#+".#2'*".#.%+@T1/&".#7#*'#.,%+%*#("*/6%.1"!#1%('!#B"&/"#
K# :!&B/@'#E%*%!"+#$%#J*$/".>O%@/++"-#.,/012,"*34(42"5*64*5"/*,(6,"/*1##,64(0"54/*7*8"20,#'5"2*64*
5"*31942("#,:(*64*;),"8"*7*<'"04$"5"-#19#JJ-#F,;+/&"$'#)'!#Q"(%."+-#Y"$!/$-#%$/&/3*#%*#$'.#@'+P>
(%*%.#%*#+"#;/;+/'1%&"#$%#",1'!%.#%.)"G'+%.-#ZW[\-#)9#]Z[9#U"+#/*1%!)!%1"&/3*#%.#"&%)1"$"#)'!#+'.#
/*@%.1/A"$'!%.#:&B'+%.#Q'7.-#C!/&#UB'().'*#7#:+6'*.'#I/++"#Q'5".9#E%'A!T6/&"(%*1%#+"#+"A,*"#%*#
&,%.1/3*#%.#+"#B'7#&'*'&/$"#&'('#+"A,*"#Y/!"("!-#%.1'#"#)"!1/!#$%#(,7#%*1!"$'#%+#./A+'#HJH-#&'('#
*"#:+4/");/#-/2#4)-/6/6+#!<#=*2"/,#)#,*#>/22/9)<#?/6#@6)",#=2+4#A#B/656*-/#C*>A(# !"*=45>"*
!"#"(61("-#19#JJ-#V,+1,!"-#YD0/&'-#Z^RR-#)9#KZK9
R# ?9,69-#))9#[\^-#[Z\#7#[KW9
W# :)%+"1/@'#&'*#%+#&,"+#%++'.#(/.('.#.%#/$%*1/6/&"*#7#?,%#.%#&!%%#6,%#$"$'#)'!#+'.#%.)"G'+%.#
&'('#./*3*/('#$%#!%;%+$%9#
X# D)"# -/# ?+,(# !"* 8"@* 64* A,1/* 7* 45* B47C# !"* #1(D',/0"* 64* 5"* =45>"* !"#"(61("E* FGHG%FIHF-#
_'*$'#$%#V,+1,!"#C&'*3(/&"-#YD0/&'-#Z^`\-#))9#[Z[-#[Z]#7#[[K>[]Z9
EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159.
Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno “lacandón”
147
!"#!$!%#&'%&($)*"+',#-%$",$.-/*%-'$0&'$1-$"!12-($*%.1,"&$0&'$1-"$%&.3!"45$6.&"7
#,/8'-%$-$#'-!'$!1$0!1&$1-'9&$:$-19,%&"$-$.-/*%-'$)!".-1;&"($1-$/-:&'<-$)!$!11&"$
"&%$ )!19-)&"$ .&%$ 0=/,1&"$ /-'.-)&"($ )!$ 9!"#&"$ /,:$ ),'&">$ #-%#&$ 3&/8'!"$
.&/&$/,?!'!"$",!1!%$2!"#*'$.&%$/-%#-$81-%.-($-,%@,!$!%$1&"$?=2!%!"$!"$/<%*7
/&$",$,"&4$A,$#'-%".,1#,'-.*=%B$*%*.*=$.&%$1&"$0'*/!'&"$.&%#-.#&"$)!$1-"$/&%7
#!'<-"CD$:$"!$*%.'!/!%#=$%&#-81!/!%#!$3-.!$/!)*&$"*91&$0&'$1-$.&1&%*;-.*=%CC$)!$
E-$E-.-%)&%-CF4$A&%$,%$9',0&$%,/G'*.-/!%#!$/,:$'!),.*)&(CH$0!'&$@,!$3-$"*)&$
&8?!#&$)!$*%%,/!'-81!"$!"#,)*&"$0&'$.&%"*)!'I'"!1!"$)!$1&"$J1#*/&"$9',0&"$K0'*7
/*#*2&"L$!%$MGN*.&4CO$P-'-$1-$.&%"#',..*=%$)!$'!0'!"!%#-.*&%!"$"*/8=1*.-"($)!"7
)!$0&"*.*&%!"$9,8!'%-/!%#-1!"($.*2*1!"$:$0'*2-)-"($!1$!"#$)!$1&"$K1-.-%)&%!"L$
3-$"*)&$+,%)-/!%#-1($-$#'-2G"$)!$",$0&"*.*&%-/*!%#&$.&/&$3-8*#-%#!"$-%.!"7
#'-1!"$)!$1-$"!12-4$Q%$!1$0-"-)&$'!.*!%#!$.&%#'*8,:!%)&$-$1-$!N01&#-.*=%$K)*"*/,7
1-)-L$)!$1-$;&%->CR$:$!%$1-$-.#,-1*)-)$#&/I%)&1&"$.&/&$9',0&$.-"*$!N.1,"*2&$
0'&#!.#&'$)!$1-$KA!12-$E-.-%)&%-L($!%$)!#'*/!%#&$)!$&#'&"$9',0&"4$E-"$*/I9!%!"$
0,81*.*#-%)&$E-$E-.-%)&%-$",!1!%$0'!"!%#-'$-$K1-.-%)&%!"L$.&%$","$#J%*.-"$
5$ P',!8-$)!$",$)*"+',#!$)!$1-$"!12-$:$+-1#-$)!$#!/&'$0,!)!$"!'$1-$/-'.-)-$"!0-'-.*=%$@,!$
",!1!$3-8!'$!%#'!$1-"$2*2*!%)-"$)!$.-)-$+-/*1*-($!%$.&/0-'-.*=%$.&%$&#'&"$9',0&"$G#%*.&"$3-8*#-%7
#!"$)!$1-$'!9*=%4
B$ Q%#!%)*)-$.&/&$K1-"$)*+!'!%#!"$+-"!"$)!1$0'&.!"&$#'-%"*#*2&$)!$,%-$.,1#,'-$-$&#'-L4$S!'%-%)&$
!"#$%&'()*+#",-.+#/*'0.1,+*'2/3'#,1,0*'4'/3',%50,"6&'/+'78'9*+#/"*&'$%&'%(%)%($T-8-%-($CBOD($
04$CHO4$
CD$ Q"#-81!.*/*!%#&"$3,/-%&"$0-'-$1-$!N01&#-.*=%$/-)!'!'-($1-"$0'*/!'-"$"!$-"*!%#-%$!%$!1$
I'!-$)!1$P!#G%$!%$C5UC$:$0&"#!'*&'/!%#!$!%$1&"$/I'9!%!"$)!$1&"$'<&"$!%$E-$E-.-%)&%-4$
CC$ V',0&"$#"!1#-1!"$:$.3W&1!"$0'*%.*0-1/!%#!$"!$!%.-/*%-'&%$3-.*-$E-$E-.-%)&%-$3,:!%)&$)!1$
/-1#'-#&$!%$1-"$+*%.-"4$P&"#!'*&'/!%#!($)*+!'!%#!"$9',0&"$.-/0!"*%&"$)!$V,-#!/-1-($X3*-0-"$:$
&#'&"$"*#*&"$)!$MGN*.&$-''*8-'&%$0&'$1-$8J"@,!)-$)!$#*!''-$*%),.*)&"$9,8!'%-/!%#-1/!%#!4$
CF$ Y&"$'!+!'*'!/&"$-"<$-$1-$'!9*=%$.&%&.*)-$.&/&$KA!12-$E-.-%)&%-L($0&'@,!$!N*"#!%$-1'!)!7
)&'$)!$)&.!$.&%+&'/-.*&%!"$-/8*!%#-1!"$Z8&"@,!($8&"@,!$3J/!)&($8&"@,!$)!$%*!81-($"!12-($!#.[$
%&$"=1&$1-$)!$"!12-($-)!/I"$)!$9'-%)!"$;&%-"$)!$-.-3,-1!"$Z2!9!#-.*=%$*%"*0*!%#![($0&#'!'&"$:$"*%$
-19J%$#*0&$)!$.&%+&'/-.*=%$-/8*!%#-14$
CH$ A!$ ,8*.-'&%$ \U\$ 0!'"&%-"$ 2*2*!%)&$ !%$ 1-$ '!9*=%$ A!12-$ E-.-%)&%-$ !%$ !1$ -]&$ FDDD4$ ^!'$
X&/*"*=%$Y-.*&%-1$0-'-$!1$_!"-''&11&$)!$P,!81&"$`%)<9!%-"($*+,-#)+"&-)./,+)%"&.+&012-3#($X_`$:$
PYa_($MGN*.&($FDDU($04$CHD4
CO$ 6"&.*-.*=%$'!1-.*&%-)-$-$",$*%#!'-..*=%$.&%$1-$%-#,'-1!;-($2!"#*)&($-1*/!%#-.*=%($:$!%$"<($
+&'/-$)!$2*)-4
CR$ X&%$1-$)&#-.*=%$#!''*#&'*-1$)!$CB\F($!%$1-$@,!$"!$1!"$-.'!)*#-$UCO($HFC$3!.#I'!-"($:$1-$0&"7
#!'*&'$!N01&#-.*=%$)!$!"-$)!/-'.-.*=%($0'*%.*0-1/!%#!$0&'$1-$X&/0-]<-$`%),"#'*-1$S&'!"#-1$)!$1-$
E-.-%)&%-$A4$64$ZX&+&1-"-[($&'9-%*;-.*=%$9,8!'%-/!%#-1$/-)!'!'-4$E&"$*%2!"#*9-)&'!"$V!'-')&$
:,";$,<'4'9,"#,'=."*>'</?,3,+'@./'3,'</3A,'+*'-*2B,'</"'/C-3*#,2,'A/"2,2/",D/+#/'<$+'@./'E.1$/7
'-$,%$),!]&$@,!$0!'/*#*!'-$3-.!'1&($b:$@,!$/!?&'$@,!$UU$+-/*1*-"$K1-.-%)&%-"L$/-'9*%-)-"c$^!'$
:/","2*':,";$,<'4'9,"#,'=."*>&'(F*<'3,0,+2*+/<'.+'D$#*'2/'3,'G/;*"D,'HI","$,6&'/+'!0E*,'4'F//'
Z!)"4[($4)56#7#8#,/%&+&9-"5#6-%&.+&8#"&:-2+;<#=!+"&>&:%>%"($ aY6MJK"$IE,D'L*.+I'M+$A/"<$#4&'9N7
N*.&($CB5H($004$OOC7OO\4
EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159.
148
Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz
!"#$%&%'(#)*+,-,*(,.(,#/0%*(!*,+*)12!%&'3,4),%(1*+!%5#$'",6%/,6"*(&7,+*8#)#,9.*,
)'+,:)#&#($'(*+;,+*,7#(,&'(1*"!%$',*(,.(,)'5'!%<',<#"#,=#,=#&#($'(#,-,>7%#?
<#+@,9.*,+%"1*,<#"#,#!"#*",*),!."%+/',-,"*A'"B#",.(#,%/#5*(,+'0"*,)'+,<.*0)'+,
'"%5%(#"%'+@,-#,9.*,5*(*"#)/*(!*,+*,)*+,<"*+*(!#,*(,+%!%'+,#"9.*')C5%&'+,',*(?
!'"('+,(#!."#)*+,:1*+!%$'+,$*,%($D5*(#+;@,"*<"*+*(!#&%C(,9.*,'!"'+,5".<'+,E!(%?
&'+,!%*($*(,#,(',/#(%A*+!#"3FG
,H.($#/*(!#(,+.+,#&!'+,"%!.#)*+,*(,*),/%+/',<#!"C(I,'A"*&*",&'<#)@,&'/%$#,
-,0*0%$#,&*"*/'(%#)3,=#,%$*(!%A%&#&%C(,<"'<%#,-,*J!*"(#,&'/',:)#&#($'(*+;,*+!2,
$*!*"/%(#$#,&'(,)'+,0*(*A%&%'+,9.*,*+#,:)#&#($'(*%$#$;,'A"*&*KFL,#.(9.*,<#"#,
*))'+@,)',1*"$#$*"#/*(!*,%/<'"!#(!*,M#(!*,+D,/%+/'+,-,#(!*,)'+,'!"'+M@,*+,+.,
&'($%&%C(,$*,7#0%!#(!*+,#(&*+!"#)*+,$*,)#,+*)1#@,<'",)#+,#!"%0.&%'(*+,+'&%#)*+@,
<')D!%&#+,-,*&'(C/%&#+,9.*,&'())*1#3,4(,*+!*,+*(!%$'@,*),&'(N.(!',$*,/%!'+,!%*(*,
5"#(, %/<'"!#(&%#@, *+<*&%#)/*(!*, *), /%!', $*, )'+, '"D5*(*+, <'", +., &.#)%$#$, $*,
#.!'#A%"/#&%C(I
O*+$*,/.-,"*/'!#+,E<'&#+,)'+,$%'+*+,+*,/#"&7#(,$*,)#,+*)1#,$*,)'+,7'/0"*+,<'",
(',9.*"*",+*5.%",*+!'+,P)!%/'+,Q)'+,:)#&#($'(*+;R,#,)'+,$%'+*+,7#+!#,+.,#)!#,+*)1#,
$*),A%"/#/*(!'@,<'",)',9.*,+*,9.*$#(,+')'+@,+%(,<"'!*&!'"*+3,S),<"%(&%<%',(#$#,A.*,
+*(&%))'I,!.1%*"'(,9.*,#<"*($*",#,(#&*",*(,*),$')'",-,#,/'"%",*(1.*)!'+,*(,))#(!'K,
!.1%*"'(, 9.*, ).&7#", +')'+, &'(!"#, )#+, 0*+!%#+, -, &'(!"#, )#+, *(A*"/*$#$*+@, !.1%*"'(,
9.*,*(A"*(!#",)#,#(5.+!%#,('&!."(#@,)#,#.+*(&%#,$*,)).1%#+@,)#,+*9.D#,*(,+.+,/%)<#+K,
%(+*&!'+,%(1#$%*"'(,+.+,5"#(*"'+@,/%*(!"#+,'!"'+,$*<"*$#$'"*+,A."!%1'+,"'D#(,+.+,
!.0E"&.)'+,-,)#+,"#D&*+,$*,+.+,7.*"!'+3,T('+,/'(+!".'+,)'+,<*"+*5.D#(,$*+<%#$#?
$#/*(!*, *(, +.+, +.*8'+3, T(, $*+#/<#"', &'/<)*!', *(, )#, +*)1#, 9.*, #(!*+, )*+, *"#,
!#(,A#/%)%#"3,U'",A%(@,.('+,%(!".+'+,+*,%(A%)!"#"'(,*(,+.,.(%1*"+'@,<"*!*($%*($',!"#(+?
A'"/#",+.,*+<#&%',*@,%(&).+'@,+.,<*(+#/%*(!'3,='+,$%'+*+,+*,#<%#$#"'(,*(!'(&*+,
$*,)'+,:7'/0"*+,1*"$#$*"'+;,-,$*&%$%*"'(,*+!#0)*&*",.(,)#B',!#(5%0)*,*(!"*,*))'+,-,
+.+,<"'!*5%$'+@,<#"#,9.*,(',+*,+%(!%*"#(,#0#($'(#$'+,*(,+.,+*)1#,!*""*(#)@,<#"#,
9.*,)#,+%(!%*"#(,+.-#3FV
4(, )'+, /%!'+, A.($#&%'(#)*+, 5*(*"#)/*(!*, <'$*/'+, '0+*"1#", &.#!"',
/'/*(!'+IFW,FR,.(#,*!#<#,$*,!"#(9.%)%$#$,#(!*+,$*),%(%&%',$*,)#+,#1*(!."#+I,*(,
*+!*,&#+'@,)#,1%$#,#<#&%0)*,$*,)'+,$%'+*+,-,)'+,7'/0"*+K,XR,)#,5"#(,#1*(!."#@,*),
FG, Y*",6%/,6"*(&7@,!"#$"%"&'()*+&"%,-,%.%,*/#()'+%0,"1,)(%+,2",1+%,1()(&2+&"%,"&,3(,4"15(,
3()(&2+&(6,3*/*&($6,7%'.2*+%,4+)*(1"%,-,8./(&9%'*)+%@,1')3,Z@,(P/3,X@,$%&%*/0"*@, T[\>S>]@,^#(,
>"%+!C0#),$*,)#+,>#+#+@,X__`@,<<3,aV?GW3,
FL, ^%!.#&%C(,9.*,#0'"$#"*/'+,*(,*),#<#"!#$',$*,A.(&%'(#)%$#$,-,<*"1*"+%C(,$*),/%!',A.($#&%'?
(#),:)#&#($C(;3
FV! "#$!%&$'#()*'+#!%&$',-.!:*"%'(%,2",1+%,#.";1+%,*&29<"&(%=,>2"&'*2(2,-,$*'.(1*2(2,"&'$",1+%,
/(-(%@,\(+!%!.!',[#&%'(#),\($%5*(%+!#@,bEJ%&'@,FWWa@,<3,FZW3
FW, =C<*B@,3+%,/*'+%,2"1,'1().()?"@@,+#=,)*'=@,<<3,GG?GV3
EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159.
Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno “lacandón”
149
!"#$%&'()*+(,-*./"()"')*(0*()*0*'!$)*'$'(+"0($!"',*!-.-*',"0(/"#(1'$(,#$'02
3#*0-&'(41*(,#$0,"#'$(+$(/$%($',*#-"#5($416(+"0(7".8#*0('"(41-*#*'(0*31-#($(+"0(
)-"0*0($(01($+,$(0*+9$()*+(:-#.$.*',";(<=(+$(,#$'0:"#.$!-&'(41*()*0*.8"!$(*'(
*+(,-*./"()*+(7".8#*5(#*:+*>$)$(*'(+$(+1!7$(!"'(*+(*',"#'"('$,1#$+?(!"'()-9*#0"0(
*',*0(@(!"'0-3"(.-0."0?(7$0,$(41*(+"0()-"0*0(0*($/-$)$'()*(*++"0(@(+"0(+-8#$'(
)*(010($'310,-$0($+(/*#.-,-#+*0(."#$#($:$8+*.*',*(*'(+$(0*+9$;(A=("!1##*(*'(*+(
,-*./"()*(+"0(7".8#*05(*0(*+(+$%"(,$'3-8+*()*(+"0(B+$!$')"'*0C(!"'(+$(0*+9$?(+$(
!"'9-9*'!-$(/*#.$'*',*(!"'(*++$($(,#$9D0()*(010()-"0*0E(
F0,$('$##$!-&'(.6,-!$(9-'!1+$(-'0*/$#$8+*.*',*($(+"0(B7".8#*0(9*#)$)*#"0C(
!"'(+$(0*+9$?($(,#$9D0()*+(#*,"#'"()*(+"0()-"0*0($(!"!(*0/$!-"()*(7$8-,$!-&'?(@(
/"#(,$',"?(!"'(*++"0;(."0,#$)"($+(7$!*#+*0(+$(9-)$(,#$'41-+$(@()-0:#1,$8+*(*'(*0,*(
*',"#'"E(G$'-:*0,H')"0*(1'$($/#"/-$!-&'(0-.8&+-!$(@(,$'3-8+*(*'(+$(!".1'-!$!-&'(
)*(+"0(B+$!$')"'*0C(!"'(010()-"0*0?(.*)-$',*(#-,"0(-'!*'0$#-"0(@(01(!"./*'*2
,#$!-&'(!"'(H#8"+*0?(#6"0?($'-.$+*0?(++19-$?("0!1#-)$)?(:#1,"0?(*,!E?(*I/#*0$)"0(*'(
01(!"'"!-.-*',"?()*0,#*%$(@()-0:#1,*()*(*++"0E(J+()*0/+$%$#0*(*'(*+(."',*(0*(
0-*',*'(/#",*3-)"0(@(31-$)"0(/"#(+"0()-"0*0?(K#$'!-0!"(L7$.8"#?(-',*3#$',*()*+(
3#1/"(#$%#&'()(%*?($+(0*#(!1*0,-"'$)"(0"8#*(*+(0-3'-:-!$)"(@(+$(-./"#,$'!-$()*(
01(*',"#'"('$,1#$+(!"',*0,$5(B*0(*+(.1')"(@(*0(@"?(*0()"')*($/#*')"?(!"."?(
!"#$%&'#!'()'*+,)'-'()'."#/0#&'10#',+2#'#!%')(3%',#'!"'+.4%/0)52+)678MN
O$#$(+"0(B+$!$')"'*0C(*'(+$(0*+9$(*+(,-*./"('"(#*01+,$(0*#(1'()*9*'-#(+-'*$+?(
0*(*'!1*',#$(+-3$)"($(:$0*0(!6!+-!$0?(#*!1##*',*0(@($(+$(9*%()-0,-',$0(P*0/-#$+*0(
)*( '"!7*02)6$0?( 9-)$02.1*#,*0?( *,!EP( #*3-)$0( /"#( 1'( "#)*'( !"0."3&'-!"EMQ(
J',*0()*(+$(.1*#,*()*+(9-*>"(+#$)&,-()?(+6)*#(*0/-#-,1$+()*(+$(!".1'-)$)(B+$!$'2
,%5)7' !#40#50/+%5)(' ,#' 9):;' -' <#0=)>?@&' !"!' A+:%!' !%(B)5' ,#2+/' C"#' #/)' 0)5'
9-*>"(41*(7$86$(/*'*,#$)"(*'(+$(D/"!$()*(+$(.1*#,*E(R"@(01*+*'(!".*',$#(*'(
,"'"()*(#*!+$."?MM(41*(/$#$(41D(9-9-#(,$',"?(P9-9-&()"0(!-!+"0()*(SM($T"0P?(0-(
+"0(-8$($()*>$#($+(:-'$+()*(+$(0".8#$()*+('1*9"(0"+EM<
F+(.-,"(:1')$!-"'$+(B+$!$')&'C(.1*0,#$(+$(*0,#*!7$(1'-&'()*(D0,"0(!"'(+$(
0*+9$()*0)*(,-*./"0(/#-."#)-$+*0?(/1*0(-'!+10"(+*0($!$##*$(1'(/*#-")"()*("80!12
#-)$)(/"#()*0"8*)*!*#($(+"0()-"0*0(P$+('"(41*#*#+"0(0*31-#(7$0,$(01($+,$(0*+9$(
)*+(:-#.$.*',"PE(F0,*(/$0$>*(>1',"(!"'(*+(#*,"#'"()*(+"0()-"0*0(/$#$(!*0$#(010(
/*'1#-$0(P$+(*0,$8+*!*#(1'(+$%"(,$'3-8+*(@(7$!*#+*0(0*',-#(01@$(+$(0*+9$P?(+*0(
MN' D/)52+!2%'EA).>%/&'2).4#!+5%',#'<#0=)>?@'F4%>(),%'#52()*),%'#5'G)'G)2)5,%5)H&'IJ'
$T"0?('1'!$(:1*($(+$(*0!1*+$E(U#$8$>"()*(!$./"(#*$+-%$)"(*+(M()*()-!-*.8#*()*(MNNVE
MQ( L"./#*'0-&'(0-.-+$#(#*0/*!,"($+(,-*./"?(!"."(1'(/#"!*0"(!6!+-!"(@('"(+-'*$+?(/$#$(.1!7$0(
!1+,1#$0(.*0"$.*#-!$'$0E
MM( G1#-&(*'(QWWV?(!1$')"(0*(/10"(*'(.$#!7$(+$(!$##*,*#$(:#"',*#-%$(41*($,#$9-*0$(*+(,*##-,"#-"(
B+$!$')&'C?(D/"!$(!"'(3#$'($13*()*(-'9$0-"'*0?(41*.$0?()*:"#*0,$!-&'?(/D#)-)$()*(,#$)-!-"'*0?(
.-3#$!-&'?($+!"7"+-0."(@()#"3$)-!!-&'(/$#$(01(3*',*?(/#*0*',*0(7$0,$('1*0,#"0()6$0E
M<( G$#-"'?(.$/0&1$&"0234$5?(067&%(87?(//E(AS2SXE(SXE
EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159.
150
Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz
!"#$%&"'()!&)#*"'(+$+',"-&"'!#+."-%"-&"'/'0"*&%-)0)'!)#)'"*&)#'"-'1)'*"1.)2'
30"$4*5')1'6)("#'$"-(%7-'0"'"*"'81)9+'&)-,%:1";'*"'6)("'#"<"#"-(%)')'1)'(+$=>
-%()(%7-'!"#$)-"-&"'(+-'"11)5'"?!#"*)0)'"-'1)'*%"$:#)5'1)'()9)5'"1'&#):)@+'/'1+*'
#%&+*2'A"'%,=)1'<+#$)'"*'%$!+#&)-&"'*"B)1)#'C="'"1'&%"$!+'0"1'6+$:#"'!="0"'
(+%-(%0%#'"-')1,D-'!=-&+'(+-'"1'0"'1+*'0%+*"*5'!"#+'(+##"'!+#'0%*&%-&)*'.E)*5'/'"1'
0"."-%#'0"'1)*'(+*)*'"-'"1'$=-0+'81)()-07-;'(+##"*!+-0"')'1+*'0"*%,-%+*'*)>
,#)0+*5')*E'(+$+')1'*"#.%(%+'C="'"1'6+$:#"'!#"*&)')'1)*'0%.%-%0)0"*2
F)'%-&",#)(%7-'0"'1+*'81)()-0+-"*;'(+-'1)'*"1.)'*"'!="0"')!#"(%)#')1'*"#'"1'
,#=!+'C="'$"-+*'!)#("1)(%7-'6)'#")1%9)0+'*+:#"'1)'9+-)5')1,=-+*'0"'"11+*'*"'
(+-*%0"#)-'*=*',=)#0%)-"*'/'(+-(%:"-'C="'*71+')'&#).G*'0"'"11)'!="0"-'0"*)>
##+11)#*"'(+$+')=&G-&%(+*'6+$:#"*5'!="*'"*'C=%"-'1"*'!"#$%&"'*"#'1+'C="'*+-2'
H):"-'C="'"1'6+$:#"'"*'1%$%&)0+'"-'*='()!)(%0)0'!"#("!&%.)5'!+#'1+'C="'1)*'
0"%0)0"*5'<="#9)*'/'0%+*"*'*"'$)-%<%"*&)-'"-'=-'(#=@%0+5'=-)'*+$:#)5'=-'"<1=.%+5'
+'=-)':+##)*()5'0"1'$%*$+'$+0+'C="'!="0"-'!"-"&#)#'"-'"1'*"#'6=$)-+'/'<+#>
$)#'!)#&"'0"'*='.+1=-&)02'I1'$%&+'1"*'6)':#%-0)0+'%-&",#)(%7-'(+$+',#=!+'/'
*",=#%0)0'"-'1)'(+-.%."-(%)'(+-'1+*'"1"$"-&+*'0"'1)'-)&=#)1"9)5'/'6)'#)&%<%()0+'
*='"*&)&=*'0"',#=!+'!"#$%$"#%&"'("'#"!#"*"-&)&%.+'0"'1)'*"1.)2'J)'(+-&#%:=%0+'
)'1)'1",%&%$)(%7-'0"'(+$!+#&)$%"-&+*5'-+#$)*5'%-*&%&=(%+-"*5'/'"-'*E5')'1)'(+-<%>
,=#)(%7-'0"'*='"*&#=(&=#)'*+(%)15'0"')6E'*='%$!+#&)-(%)2'I-'(+-(+#0)-(%)'(+-'
!"#$%&'()$*+,-./0("1*/0"#$2"*3*4&5$6$4"*#"(*4/00%4$"(7*("#8"9:"/5"*#&(*./$%4$.$&(*
;&/"#0(*3*#&(*$;.&%0*<=>*&6/040*/09#"(*./?4@$4"(*."/"*0#*:(&*50#*A&;B/0CDKL'J)'
*%0+'=-'0%*!+*%&%.+'C="'+#%"-&)'/'!#+$="."'1)*'%1=*%+-"*2'H='&#)-*$%*%7-'+#)1'"'
%-&"#%+#%9)(%7-' )' &#).G*' 0"' 1)*' !#4(&%()*' %-("-*)#%)*' "#)' (+-*%0"#)0)' 0"' .%&)1'
%$!+#&)-(%)5'!"#+'"-'1)')(&=)1%0)05')=-C="'*"'1"'(+-+("5'#"*=1&)'$"-+*'<=-0)>
$"-&)1'!)#)'1)'.%0)'(+&%0%)-)5'/'*%'!%"#0"'*='()#4(&"#'+!"#)(%+-)1'*"'&#)-*<+#$)>
#4'%##"$"0%):1"$"-&"'"-'1"/"-0)'+'(="-&+2'I1'=*+'*+(%)1'"*'"1'C="'1"':#%-0)'1)'
)&#%:=(%7-'0"'$%&+'.%.+5'-+'*"'-)##)'!)#)'0%."#&%#')'1)*'!"#*+-)*5')!)#"("'(=)->
0+'"1'#%&+5'1)'("#"$+-%)'+'=-)'#",1)'*+(%)1'+'$+#)1'#"C=%"#"-'@=*&%<%()(%7-5',)#)->
&E)'0"'#")1%0)0'/'*)(#)1%0)02KM'N=)-0+'"*'-"("*)#%+'<+#&)1"("#'"1'%-&"#G*'%-0%.%0=)1'
+',#=!)1'"-'"1'&#)-*(=#*+'(+&%0%)-+'/'"?&#)+#0%-)#%+'0"'1)'.%0)2'F)'!G#0%0)'0"'
$%&+*5'/'"*!"(%)1$"-&"'"*&"'0"')<%#$)(%7-5'(+-&#%:=/"')'0"*.%-(=1)#')'1+*'81)>
()-0+-"*;'0"'1)'*"1.)5'!"#+'!#%-(%!)1$"-&"'0"'*E'$%*$+*'O"-'&)-&+'*"#"*'C="'
#"*!%#)-5'*=<#"-5',+9)-5'*%"-&"-')'&#).G*'0"'&+0)*'1)*'"?!#"*%+-"*'0"'1)'-)&=#)>
1"9)O2'I-&+-("*'1)'#"<"#"-(%)'!"#$)-"-&"'0"'"11+*'6)(%)')*'*"1.)5'!)*)'0"'*"#'
)1,+'.E.%0+')'=-'+:@"&+'0"'=*+2'I1'-+'%0"-&%<%()#*"'(+-'"*&"'*=*&#)&+'$E&%(+'1"*'
%-(%&)')'()$:%)#'0"'0"##+&"#+5')'&+$)#'+&#+*'.)1+#"*'(+$+'*=/+*5')'-"("*%&)#'
KL* E/&%$(#"8*!"#$%&'()$1*+%,-%./0-"'0-%/1/#"2-,-3'1*F#"%0@"GH9&(@$%$1*E"/40#&%"1*IJJK1*.D*LMD
KM' P"#'-4-$25'!2'QRQ2'
EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159.
151
Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno “lacandón”
!"#$%&'()(*)+,&%)&(%-#.%./)0(%-#.%.('),&%').()-%')1!()'()(*$!(*,&%*).#2(&(*,(')
3(&'3($,#4%')()#*,(*$#+*('/)5)$+*,#*!%$#6*)'(7%-%8+')%-9!*%'/
Funcionalidad y perversión del mito
en “lacandones” y más allá de ellos
:!*$#+*%-#.%.)*+')&(8#,()#*(-!.#"-(8(*,()%)-+')%$,+&(')+)%'3($,+')(*)-+')
1!()'()&(2-(;%)-%)2%$!-,%.)$+&&('3+*.#(*,()%)%-9+)+)%-9!#(*/)<('.()(-)3!*,+).()
4#',%) '+$#+-69#$+) 3+.(8+') (*,(*.(&) $+8+) 2!*$#6*) -%) $+&&('3+*.(*$#%) .() !*)
=($=+)'+$#%-)%)-%')*($('#.%.(')9(*(&%-(').(-)+&9%*#'8+)'+$#%->)#*.(3(*.#(*,(?
8(*,().()-%)#*,(*$#+*%-#.%.).(-)=($=+/@A)B+&)-+)1!().("(8+')(',!.#%&)-%)$%!'%)
1!()-+)3&+.!$()C)-%)2!*$#6*)1!()$!83-(>)%!*1!()%8"%'>)-69#$%8(*,(>)'()(*?
$!(*,&%*)(',&($=%8(*,()&(-%$#+*%.%'/)5'3($,+')1!()C%)=(8+')%"+&.%.+).('.()
-%)63,#$%)D-%$%*.+*%E>)3(&+)%-)$+*'#.(&%&)1!()-%)$+*.#$#6*)=!8%*%)(').#*F8#$%)
C)3&('(*,%)#*,(&('(')#*.#4#.!%-(')C)9&!3%-(')8!$=%')4($(')$+*,&%3!(',+'>)&(?
1!(&#8+')$+*'#.(&%&)8F')8#&%.%'/)G#&%.%')1!()$+*,&#"!C(*)%)8%*,(*(&)C)&(?
3&+.!$#&)&(9!-%&#.%.(')(*),&%*'2+&8%$#6*>)3!(')(-)=+8"&()4#4()(*)-%)$&(%$#6*)C)
&($&(%$#6*).()$+',!8"&('>)(*)-%)$+*2&+*,%$#6*)3(&8%*(*,().(-)3%,&6*)C)(-)%$,+)
H(*)-%),&%*'2+&8%$#6*).()%8"+'H/)5'I>)-%')4#'#+*(')3&+3#%')C)%;(*%'>)%)3%&,#&)
.().#4(&'+')#*,(&('('>)$+*,&#"!C(*)%)4#$#%&)+)$+&&+83(&)(-)+&.(*)+)(',%.+).()-%')
$+'%'>)H(').($#&>)%)3(&4(&,#&-%'H/):!*$#6*)C)3(&4(&'#6*)'()(*$!(*,&%*)-#9%.%')
!"#$!%&'(!)#!*+",+'%#,'$+%-).,)#-+-+/!+,)'+0+-#$'+/!1!)/!+/!2+31'$'+4,56)7*+
3!)+4,6+"!)#5/-7
<()2+&8%)8!C)%83-#%)3+.(8+')'(7%-%&)1!()(-)8#,+)+3(&%)$+8+)#*,(9&%.+&)
3%&%)-%')$+8!*#.%.(')(*)-%')1!(),#(*()'(*,#.+>)"&#*.%)$+*2#%*J%)%*,()$+*.#$#+?
*(') ('3($I2#$%') C) 9(*(&%) 3%!,%') .() $+83+&,%8#(*,+K) ,+.+) (',+) 8(.#%*,() (-)
&(-%,+)CL+)$+*8(8+&%$#6*).()!*)%$+*,($#8#(*,+)1!()=%),(*#.+)-!9%&)(*)(-),#(8?
3+)3&#8+&.#%->)(-),#(83+)2%"!-+'+).()-+')!"#$%&'"(>)1!()$!(*,%)$68+)=%)--(9%?
.+)-%)&(%-#.%.)%)-%)(M#',(*$#%>).()2+&8%),+,%-)+)2&%98(*,%&#%>)%),&%4N').()('3%$#+'>)
3&F$,#$%')+)#*',#,!$#+*('/@O)P')%.(8F')D-%)!*#6*).#%-N$,#$%).()-+').#',#*,+')6&.(?
*(') *+&8%,#4+'>) $+*) 8Q-,#3-(') &(%-#J%$#+*(') =(,(&+9N*(%') C) +8*#3&('(*,('>)
2+&8%.%)3+&)$&#',%-#J%$#+*(')C)3+&)3&+$('+')(*).#4(&'+').(4(*#&(')=#',6&#$+'E/@R)
P*)(-)8!*.+)D-%$%*.6*E)'()(*,&(,(;(*)&(%-#.%.(').#'I8#-('S)'!)$+*,%$,+)$+,#.#%?
*+) C) ,&%'$(*.(*,() $+*) -%) *%,!&%-(J%>) -%) (M3&('#6*) .() '!') ,&%.#$#+*('>) &#,+') C)
@A+ 8(59!+:,$;&!5(*+)*(+,%-.*(+/%.+#01"/"+("!$".2-$!">),&%./).()B%!-%)T%';8%*>)U=%3#&()P.#?
#-$*+<,!)-"+=5$!"*+>?@A*+1B+CDB
@O) G#&$(%)P-#%.(>)3(4%!1"(+/%.+#$1"*+E'5/F"+G$5!)#'95'*+<'$%!9-)'*+HDDD*+11B+>I+0+>@B
@R) V63(J>))"(+#$1"(+/%.+1.*!5*!6%7>)"48+!$18>)3/)WWO/
EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159.
Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno “lacandón”
153
!"#$%"&'(")"($*'&+'),-+*,.$/,'0'.,'1"*%,'#$'"!$*,*'$)'#2&-2)-,&'&"(2$#,#$&3'
4,&'#2%$)&2")$&'#$'.,'*,(2"),.2#,#'$)'.,&'5+$'"!$*,'&")'#21$*$)-$&6
7.'%2-"'!,*-$'#$'.,'8,&$'5+$'$.'&+9$-"'0'$.'"89$-"'!$*%,)$($)'2)#2&".+8.$%$)-$'
+)2#"&:' #$' -,.' %,)$*,' 5+$' $)' $.."&' ."' 5+$' $&' 2#$,.' 0' ."' 5+$' $&' %,-$*2,.' &$' $);
(+$)-*,' $&-*$(<,%$)-$' ("2%!.2(,#":' ,.' 2=+,.' 5+$' ."' (".$(-2>"' 0' ."' 2)#2>2#+,.3' 7)'
(,%82":'.,'(2$)(2,'!,*-$'#$'.,'&$!,*,(2?):'"',.'%$)"&:'#$'.,'#2&-2)(2?)'#$'$&-"&'
$.$%$)-"&3@@
A$*$($'(")&2#$*B*&$.$'("%"'+),'1"*%,'#$'$C!*$&2>2#,#'<+%,),'#2>$*=$);
-$'0',9+&-,#,','.,'5+$')"&'!*"!"*(2"),'.,'$C!.2(,(2?)'#$'.,'*,(2"),.2#,#'2)&-*+;
%$)-,.:'0,'5+$'&+'$C2&-$)(2,'!+$#$'&$*'&+&-$)-,#,'%$#2,)-$'!*+$8,&'!,.!,8.$&:'
!$*"'%,)-2$)$'+)'=*,)'8,=,9$'5+$')"'!+$#$'&$*'*,(2"),.%$)-$'#$%"&-*,#":'$)'
$.'(+,.'2)-$*>2$)$)',&!$(-"&'2)-+2-2>"&:'$&!2*2-+,.$&'0'#2>2)"&3'7)'.,&',>$)-+*,&'
%D-2(,&'&$'%$($'."'*,(2"),.'0'."'$%"-2>":'."'(")&(2$)-$'0'."'2)(")&(2$)-$:'!$*"'
&$'8+&(,'129,*'0'%".#$,*'*,(2"),.%$)-$'$)'$.'(".$(-2>"'&"(2,.'."&'!*"($&"&'#$'
#"%2)2"3'4"&'%2-"&'!+$#$)'(+%!.2*'+),'1+)(2?)'2)-*"#+(-"*2,'0','.,'>$/'$C!.2(,;
-2>,'#$'.,'(")1"*%,(2?)'#$'.,'*$,.2#,#:'0',+)5+$'$)'(2$*-"&',&!$(-"&'&$,)'1,.&"&:'
)"'!+$#$)'*$(<,/,*&$:'!+$&'2)-$)-,)'("%+)2(,*'+),'>$*#,#'!*"1+)#,'5+$'&?."'
!+$#$'$C!*$&,*&$',.$=?*2(,%$)-$'(")'%$-B1"*,&:'1B8+.,&:'2%B=$)$&:'!"$%,&:'
!,*B8".,&:'2.+&2")$&:'$-(3@E'F.'"8&$*>B*&$.$'("%"'+)',(")-$(2%2$)-"'&"(2,.:'-2$;
)$)'&2%2.,*'>,.2#$/'."&'*$.,-"&'#$'#2&-2)-"&'(*$0$)-$&3'F!,.,8*,)'.,'*$,.2#,#@G'$)'
&+'!*B(-2(,'("-2#2,),'0'-*,&($)#$)-$3'H2$)$)'>,."*$&'#2&-2)-"&'!,*,'+)"&'0'!,*,'
"-*"&I'$.'&+&-$)-"'#$'.,'>,."*,(2?)'&$'$)(+$)-*,'$)'&$*'(*$0$)-$'"')"'#$'$&-"&'
*$.,-"&3'4,'>$*#,#'!"!+.,*'$&'-,)'>B.2#,'("%"'.,'#$.'&,($*#"-$'"'="8$*),)-$3'
J"*'."'5+$'$.'2)>$&-2=,#"*'#$8$'$)-$)#$*'.,'#2>$*&2#,#'#$'.,&'1+$)-$&'("%"'+)'
,&+)-"'5+$'2)(*$%$)-,'.,'("%!.$92#,#'#$.'-*,8,9"3
K,&&2*$*',12*%,'5+$'$.'!$)&,%2$)-"'%D-2("'0'$.'(2$)-D12("'("2)(2#$)'$)'+),'
!*$"(+!,(2?)6' .,' *$,.2#,#3@L' 7&' $.' !+)-"' #")#$' $.' %2-"' M(")' -"#,' &+' (,*=,'
1,)-B&-2(,'0'!*B(-2(,M'>+$.(,'.,'%,0"*'!,*-$'#$'&+'.,8"*:'&2$)#"','>$($&'2)#$;
!$)#2$)-$','.,&'(,+&,&'5+$'."'"*2=2),)3'4?!$/'F+&-2)'$&-,8.$($'.,&'&2=+2$)-$&'
1+)(2")$&' (")&-,)-$&' $)' $.' %2-"6' !"' %,)-$)$*' >2>,' .,' -*,#2(2?)I' #"' $#+(,*:' ,.'
-*,&%2-2*'>,."*$&'0'(")"(2%2$)-"&I'$"'"*#$),*'$.'(")"(2%2$)-":',.'$&-*+(-+*,*'$.'
@@' N+*-'OP8)$*:'%&'()!*+*'&,(-'.(/0,*1.!"#$%&!"'()*%+!",-./!"001"234251"
@E' Q$*'R*,)(2&("'#$'.,'H"**$:'23(-&43151(&6,'+$73,7+!3(-'(83!.-!&+(/!$96,0+'!"67*89:*;<"=>&*)?9)!"
A,#*2#:'STTU:'!3'V@3
@G" @$:"A1"B1"#9<<$1"'>8+"CD)"EF$:F*$GH!"'1"6<*;7$"C$71H!":*'(26$0$31;'-&!(1<(='3&5&16:'A,(;
I*<<;)!"JK$F;"L9:&!"M9)7:$?!",-.5!"01"2N21
@L' Q$*'7*)$&-'K,&&2*$*:'86,+1;1315>!(<&31.?<&$!:'-*,#3'7+=$)2"'W%,/:'RK7:'AXC2(":'UVGU:'!!3'UUY'
0'UUZ3
EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159.
154
Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz
!"#$"#%&'%(")$*%#+',-,+!*.%!"%&/01+!*)%2%)&#"13&)%!"',)*4+!!+"'&#%+'#50&)*61&#%
0")%",)"#%$&4+"#.%#"%!"7&#+"'*)%2%)&*(+)$*)%!"'"!+$+&',"#%2%3*1")&#%4&1%8)50"%
*%,)*3-#%4&%1*%!)&&'!+*.%$"%1&8+,+$*)%!"$0"),*$+&',"#%&'%&1%11*$*4"%*%1"#%,+&$0"#%
0)+$")4+*1&#9:;%<"4*#%&11*#%&'%1*%15!7*%0")%$*',&'&)#&%3+3*#%&'%&1%$+,"%(5'4*=
!+"'*1%>1*!*'4?'@9%A5%(5'!+?'%,)*#15!&%,"4"#%1"#%!*$0"#%4&%1*%3+4*%#"!+*1B%1"%
0"4&$"#%"6#&)3*)%&'%!7+#,&#B%$*14+!+"'&#B%*1+$&',"#B%,)*6*C"#B%0)&4+!!+"'&#B%
&#%4&!+)B%!5$01+&'4"%4+3&)#*#%(5'!+"'&#%&'%4+3&)#"#%&#0*!+"#%2%!"'%4+3&)#"#%
)"#,)"#.%'"%&/!15#+3*$&',&%&'%&1%$5'4"%#*8)*4"B%0")D5&%1&%0)"0")!+"'*%!)&4+=
6+1+4*4%&1%7*!&)1"%*!,5*1B%*5'D5&%#5%)&$&$")*!+?'%#&%&'!5&',)*%3+'!51*4*%*%
0)+'!+0+"#%,)*#!&'4&',*1&#9%E"4&$"#%"6#&)3*)%#5#%!*)*!,&)F#,+!*#%0&)#+#,&',&#%
2%,)*'#+,")+*#%&'%#5#%4&#3+*!+"'&#%"!*#+"'*4*#%0")%1*#%)50,5)*#%#"!+*1&#B%0")%
1*#%%#&#'(!)!#'%0)"0+*#%"%&/,&)'*#9%>G'%1*#%+',&))&1*!+"'&#%4&1%$+,"%4&6&'%!"$=
0)&'4&)#&%1*#%,)*'#(")$*!+"'&#%D5&%&'%&1%$+,"%0)"45!&'%1*#%+'#,+,5!+"'&#%2%1"#%
0)"!&#"#%&'%1"#%D5&%&1%$+,"%+'!+4&@9:H%G'%&1%$5'4"%>1*!*'4?'@%#&%7*%$*',&'+4"%
5'%C5&8"%0&)$*'&',&%&',)&%1*#%)&0&)!5#+"'&#%+'#,+,5!+"'*1&#%#"6)&%&1%$+,"B:I%2%
1*%+'!+4&'!+*%$F,+!*%#"6)&%1*#%+'#,+,5!+"'&#9JK
E*)*%1*%&/,+'!+?'%2%0&)45)*6+1+4*4%4&1%$+,"%2%#5#%*,)+65!+"'&#B%#&%4&#01+&8*'%
5'%#+''L$&)"%4&%+'(15&'!+*#B%$*'+(+&#,*#%&'%5'*%8)*'%3*)+&4*4%4&%0)"!&#"#9%
M"#%$&4+"#%4&%!"$5'+!*!+?'B%0)+'!+0*1$&',&%1*%,&1&3+#+?'B%$5&#,)*'%$"4&1"#%*%
#&85+)%*%,)*3-#%4&%1*%)&0)"45!!+?'%4&%&#,&)&",+0"#.%1*%&45!*!+?'%+'#,+,5!+"'*1+=
N*4*JO%&/,+&'4&%7")+N"',&#%2%0)"$5&3&%(")$*#%4&%0&'#*).%1*%+',&)*!!+?'%!"'%
$*2")%'L$&)"%4&%0&)#"'*#B%0")%&1%,5)+#$"%&%+',&)-#%+'3&#,+8*,+3"B%"()&!&%'5&3*#%
0"#+6+1+4*4&#.%&1%*!&)!*$+&',"%4&%*#"!+*!+"'&#%2%0)"8)*$*#%856&)'*$&',*1&#%
4&%4+3&)#"#%+',&)&#&#%8&'&)*'%3F'!51"#%2%*!,+3+#$"%4&%,"4"%,+0".%1*#%!&1&6)*!+"=
'&#%*',&#%4&#!"'"!+4*#B%!"'%#5#,*'!+*#%2%&'%&#0*!+"#%4+(&)&',&#BJP%0)"$5&3&'%
",)*#%*1,&)'*,+3*#%4&%(&#,&C".%&1%+'8)&#"%*1%,)*6*C"%*#*1*)+*4"%!"',)+652&%*%!*0,*)%
5'% ")4&'% 4+(&)&',&% 4&% 1*#% !"#*#.% &1% $*!7+#$"% *!&'4)*4"% !51,5)*1$&',&% 2% &1%
&#(5&)N"% 4&% $5C&)&#% 0")% ,&'&)% 5'*% $&C")% 0&)#0&!,+3*B% 058'*'% 2% #&% $&N!1*'%
!",+4+*'*$&',&.%&1%4&#&"%0")%&/0)&#*)%*))*+8"%*%#5%!51,5)*%!"$"%&1&$&',"%8&=
'&)*4")%4&%#&',+4"B%0)+'!+0*1$&',&%&'%1*%'*,5)*1&N*%*%,)*3-#%4&%,)*4+!+"'&#B%)+,"#B%
:;% M?0&NB%*+',-(.+',!#/,./)&0)&1#2B%+34,&(.4B%009%:HH=:IK9
:H% 56(!9B%09%:HQ9
:I% G'%0)+'!+0+"%&/!15#+3*$&',&%4&1%8"6+&)'"%(&4&)*1%2%&#,*,*1%$&/+!*'"B%*!,5*1$&',&B%4&%-#,"#B%
4&%1*%R"$5'+4*4%G5)"0&*%2%4&%!"#%'*!+"'*1&#%2%&/,)*'C&)*#9%S*!+&'4"%&'%1*%!"$5'+4*4%>1*!*'=
4"'*@%4&#,*!*)%&1%*#0&!,"%4&%#&)%>'*!+4"#@%0")%1"#%4+"#&#%&'%1*%#&13*B%#"6)&%!5*1D5+&)%",)"%*#0&!,"9%
JK% T1%!"1"!*)%&'%&1%+$*8+'*)+"B%0)+'!+0*1$&',&%4&%1*#%+'#,+,5!+"'&#%&/,)*'C&)*#B%&1%*#0&!,"%4&%
#&)%$")*4")&#%>*'!&#,)*1&#@%4&%1*%#&13*9
JO% U&#4&%0)+$*)+*%7*#,*%0)&0*)*,")+*%&'%*185'*#%0"61*!+"'&#%!+)!5'4*',&#B%2%&#,54+"#%5'+3&)=
#+,*)+"#%&'%#+,+"#%$V#%*1&C*4"#%0&)"%!"'%*!!&#"%)&1*,+3*$&',&%#&'!+11"%0")%&1%4&#*))"11"%!*))&,&)"9
JP% R"'%4+#,+',"#%,+0"#%4&%*1!"7"1%2W"%4)"8*#%&'%6*)&#B%!*',+'*#B%0)"#,F651"#B%&,!-,&)*9%
EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159.
Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno “lacandón”
155
!"#$%&'()*+,,-*$.')/)-.++.*$&-,'()#0'*.)1.-%,-,+',)2$2&3)4-),5)"1#$%&)+,5$6$&'&()
5.)$-750,-*$.)8,5)9+&%,'%.-%$'1&)!.)&+$6$-.8&)5.)8,'.9.+$*$:-)8,)10*!.')9+"*%$;
*.')+$%0.5,'),-%+,)5&')<5.*.-8&-,'=)*&-2,+'&'().0->0,).560-.')8,),55.')':5&)',)
!.-)1&8$7$*.8&()/.)>0,)!.-).8.9%.8&),5)8$'*0+'&)9+&%,'%.-%,).)'0)9+&9$.)*&';
1&6&-?.3)@,+&)1"').55")8,)5&')8$'%$-%&')*+,8&')9+&7,'.8&'(),5)*05%&).5)!"#$%&'()
5$%,+.51,-%,)<,A*+,*$:-)&)1$,+8.)8,5)'&5=()B,A9+,'$:-)8,)5&')8$'%$-%&')6+09&')
1./,-',')9.+.)+,7,+$+',).5)8$-,+&B()6.-.)*.8.)2,C)1"').8,9%&'3DE)4'%.).'$6;
-.*$:-)-&')10,'%+.),5)6+.8&)8,)$19&+%.-*$.).'$6-.8&).5)8$-,+&().5)%&1.+',)*&1&)
,1.-.*$:-)8,)5&)8$2$-&()9&+)5.)9&'$#$5$8.8)8,)*&-%+$#0$+).)+,'&52,+)8$7,+,-%,')%$9&')
8,)-,*,'$8.8,'3
F.)90#5$*$8.8),-)1,8$&'),'%.%.5,')/)+,2$'%.')8,)*$+*05.*$:-)-.*$&-.5)B$-;
*50'&)2.+$.')70,-%,').*.8G1$*.'B()9&-8,+.-)5.)*&'1&2$'$:-)!$'%:+$*.)<5.*.-;
8&-.=)'$-)!.*,+)+,7,+,-*$.).)5.).*%0.5$8.8()1,C*5.-8&),'%08$&'),%-&6+"7$*&')*&-)
,%-&!$'%:+$*&'3)H.*,)%+,$-%.)/)*$-*&).I&'()J,.-)K.*L.--,55)8,'*+$#$:)8,'8,),5)
.-"5$'$')%0+?'%$*&)5.)$19&+%.-*$.),-)5.)*&-'%+0**$:-)8,)0-)$1.6$-.+$&).5)',I.5.+M)
<5.)1,N&+)$-8$*.*$:-)8,)5.)2$*%&+$.)7$-.5)8,)5.)1&8,+-$8.8)'&#+,)&%+&').++,65&')
'&*$&;*05%0+.5,')-&),')5.)8,'.9.+$*$:-)8,5)10-8&)-&)1&8,+-&()'$-&)'0)9+,',+;
2.*$:-)/)+,*&-'%+0**$:-).+%$7$*$.5),-)5.)'&*$,8.8)1&8,+-.=3DD)O,9+,',-%.*$&-,')
9+,',-%,'),-)5&')<5.*.-8&-,'=()/.)>0,)10*!.')2,*,')0'.-)'0).%0,-8&),A*50'$;
2.1,-%,)9.+.).%+.,+)%0+$'%.'()&)'0')75,*!.')9.+.)2,+',)*&1&)*.C.8&+,')%+.8$;
*$&-.5,'3) P0) $1.6,-) 8,) 6+09&) <,A*50'$2&=) *.9.C) 8,) 2$2$+) ,-) .+1&-?.) *&-) 5.)
',52.()8,).560-.)7&+1.)8,'.*+,8$%.).)5&')&%+&')6+09&')!01.-&')>0,)90,#5.-)F.)
F.*.-8&-.3DQ)F.)+,5.*$:-)!$'%:+$*.)8,)5&')<5.*.-8&-,'=)*&-)5.)-.%0+.5,C.)9+&2$,;
-,)8,)0-.)*&-2$2,-*$.).-*,'%+.5()1"')*05%$2.8.)>0,),-)&%+&')6+09&')G%-$*&'()
9,+&)G'%.)',)!.)$8&)%+.-'7&+1.-8&)9&+)'0)$-6+,'&).5)10-8&)*.9$%.5$'%.)/)5.')
$-750,-*$.').-%,+$&+1,-%,)',I.5.8.'()-&),'),5)6+09&)9+?'%$-&)/)<90+&=)>0,)10;
*!.')2,*,')-&')>0$,+,-)1&'%+.+()'&-)',+,')!01.-&')*&-)9.'$&-,')/).-!,5&')
9+&9$&'()>0,)',),-*0,-%+.),-)8$'90%.)9.+.)2,+)'$)5.)-.%0+.5,C.)90,8,)',+),',)
,5,1,-%&)$-%,6+.8&+)>0,)5,')8,)',-%$8&3
4-),'.)#R'>0,8.)8,)',-%$8&).)%+.2G')8,)5.)-.%0+.5,C.)5.)-.++.*$:-)1?%$*.)
8,',19,I.)0-)9.9,5)70-8.1,-%.5()90,')5.)-.++.%$2.)-&),')':5&)&#+.)8,)9&,%.'()
8+.1.%0+6&')/)-&2,5$'%.'()-&),')0-)8$'7+.C)-$)0-.)8,*&+.*$:-()-&),')0-.)*+,.;
*$:-).+%$7$*$.5()',),-*0,-%+.).',-%.8.),-)5.)+,.5$8.8)8$-"1$*.)8,)5.')*&'.'3DS)F.')
DE) P$6+$8)J$*!%5()(")#*'"#)+!,)--".#/)+",,0--0#1#/)+!,*22&3'#/)#-"#4)-5"#6"2"'/0'"()P4@()KGA$;
*&()TUVV()993)UW()UU)/)TXX3
DD) 789#2&!9()Y$1)Y+,-*!)SZ()J,.-)K.*L.--,553
DQ) 4-),-%+,2$'%.')8,)Y2[C%,*.)*&-)<5.*.-8&-,'=)',)5,')9+,',-%.)*&1&)*&-',+2.*$&-$'%.')/)
<50*!.8&+,')8,)5.)',52.=).-%,)5.)8,9+,8.*$:-)8,)&%+&')6+09&'(),-%$G-8.',)*!\&5,')/)%',5%.5,'3)],+)
!"#$"%"&$'()*!*+",*"&-.'/&0*0"&1"&2/)0"&1"!"3453"67&809:+/!"&";5<+5&4/&=>>?@
DS) ],+)[5.'8.$+)K.*^-%/+,():,"+#-"#5&,!*/7&+,"4@&A")!B,!/)&9#")*"7&C",!/)53"7&D,E+*!"7&FGHI7&$@&=JF@
EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159.
156
Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz
!"#$%&'(!)"#%'*+%#",(#*,&(#'(!!)"#%'*-./(#('0*'"#*/"+%1"'*!""2%&(,)$"'*+%*
(!!)3#0*4(*5.%*,"+('*#.%',&('*(!!)"#%'*'%*)#'%&,(#*%#*.#(*-)',"&)(0*2"&*6',(*
+%,%&/)#(+('*(!!)"#%'*')%/2&%*-(4*5.%*!"1"!(&1('*!"/"*%2)'"+)"'*+%*#(&&(7
!)"#%'* /.!-"* /8'* (/21)('9* :(&&(&* %'* .#* &%!.&'"* %#* %1* '(;%&* +%1* -(!%&<* (1*
!"#,(&* -)',"&)('* )#,%#,(/"'* !"/2&%#+%&#"'9* =('* #(&&(,)$('* '"#* %'2(!)"'* +%*
;>'5.%+(?*(1*2&%@.#,(&*5.6*%'*1"*;.%#"*+%*/)*$)+(0*5.6*;)%#%'*+%'%"9*="*5.%*
2(&(*.#"'*2.%+%*'%&*'.;1)/%*"*(+/)&(;1%*2(&(*",&"'*%'*')/21%/%#,%?*$%&+(+%&"9*
!"#$%"$&'(%$)%$*+,"$-)$-'-,).,($).$%($&#)).&+(/$0#,)1($2$3(--),$(4+#*(5$6.')-,#(-$
!&%%#!)('*/8'*5.%*,%#%&1('0*1('*'"/"'A0BC*4*1(*/(#%&(*+%*'%&1('0*+%*11%$(&1('*(*
!(;"0*%'*%1*-8;),"9*D31"*%#*1(*&%,&"(1)/%#,(!)3#*2%&/(#%#,%*+%*-8;),"*4*!&%%#7
!)(*%1*/),"*E.#+(!)"#(1*F1(!(#+3#A*G!"#*,"+('*'.'*(,&);.!)"#%'G*1"@&(&8*/(#7
,%#%&'%*$)$"9*D%*2.%+%#*'.',),.)&*1('*!"',./;&%'0*&%%/21(H(&*1('*#"&/('0*2%&"*
'%&8*#%!%'(&)"*(+"2,(&*#.%$"'*-8;),"'*5.%*+)'2"#@(#*4*/(#,%#@(#*%1*!"/2"&7
,(/)%#,"*%1%@)+"<*2.%'*%1*-8;),"*%'*.#(*E"&/(0*#"*.#*!"#,%#)+"*!"/"*1(*!"'7
,./;&%9BI*J'*1(*+)'2"')!)3#*(*";&(&*%#*,(1*"*!.(1*'%#,)+"?*2&"+.!%*4*%'*2&"+.!)+"*
2"&*2%&!%2!)"#%'0*$(1"&(!)"#%'*4*(!!)"#%'*%#*%',&.!,.&('*'"!)(1%'*%'2%!KE)!('9*
=('*!"#E)@.&(!)"#%'*+%*$)+(*%/(#(#*+%*1(*E"&/(*%#*5.%*-(;),(/"'0*+%1*'),)"*
+"#+%*-(!%/"'*1(*$)+(*(*,&($6'*+%*1(*+)'2"')!)3#*+%*-8;),"'*4*!&%%#!)('9
J1*!"#"!)/)%#,"*4*2&8!,)!(*+%1*/),"0*(*,&($6'*+%*(!,"'*&),.(1%'0*!%&%/"#)(1%'*
"*')/21%/%#,%*$)$%#!)(1%'0*-(!%#*2"');1%*1(*/"+)E)!(!)3#*+%*1('*!"'('0*2.%'*'%*
!"#"!%*'.*"&)@%#0*#"*'"#*(;',&(!!)"#%'0*')#"*&%$%1(!)"#%'*+%1*/.#+"*5.%*&%$)7
$%#*.#(*&%(1)+(+*2&)/"&+)(19*J#*1(*&%!&%(!)3#*+%*1"'*,)%/2"'*'%*,&(#'E"&/(*%1*
/),"0*4*1(*&%(1)+(+9*L&"2"&!)"#(*!"#E)(#H(*%#*%1*+%'(&&"11"*+%*1(*$)+(0*2%&/),%*F1(*
&%+.!!)3#*+%*1(*(#@.',)(*5.%*%'*2&"$"!(+(*%#*%1*-"/;&%*2"&*,"+"'*1"'*2"+%&%'*
+%'!"#"!)+"'*5.%*1%*&"+%(#A9BM*L"&*1"*/)'/"0*%1*/),"*@(&(#,)H(*'.*2%&/(#%#!)(*
%#* 1('* '"!)%+(+%'0* ')%#+"* .#(* &%'2.%',(* (#,%* 1"'* /)%+"'* 2&)/(&)"'9* N),"* 4*
2"+%&*-(#*,&(#'),(+"*O.#,"'*(*1"*1(&@"*+%*1(*-)',"&)(0*'.*&%1(!)3#*-(*')+"*(1)/%#7
,(+(*%#*%1*&%E.%&H"*&%!K2&"!"*(*,&($6'*+%*1('*)#',),.!)"#%'0*(/;"'*'%*/"1+%(#*
%#* %1* O.%@"* +)(16!,)!"9* =(* 1.!-(* 2"&* %1* +"/)#)"* "* (+%!.(!)3#* +%1* /),"* E"&/(*
2(&,%*+%*'.*-)',"&)(0*('K*!"/"*+%*'.'*E.#!)"#%'9*J#*1(*;('%*+%*!"#E1)!,"'*&%1)@)"7
'"'*'.%1%*-(;%&*1.!-('*)#,%',)#('*2"&*%1*2"+%&9*L(&(*1('*(#,)@.('*!.1,.&('*)#+K7
@%#('*%1*/),"*'.',%#,(;(*,"+('*1('*%',&.!,.&('*+%*2"+%&0*4*%1*"&+%#*)#',),.)+"*
%&(* .#* ('.#,"* +%* J',(+"9* P"40* 1"'* /),"'* )#+K@%#('* "2%&(#* +%* E"&/(* )#'.1(&*
+%'+%*2"')!)"#%'*@.;%&#(/%#,(1%'0*1"*!.(1*')@#)E)!(*5.%*;.'!(#*-(!%&'%*"2%7
&(!)"#(1%'*2(&(*E)#%'*%'2%!KE)!"'0*!"/"*1"'*'"#*%1*8/;),"*,.&K',)!"*4*+%*(!!%'"*
(*+)E%&%#,%'*,%&&),"&)"'*"*%'2(!)"'9*=('*+"'*$%&,)%#,%'*G)#+K@%#(*4*!"1"#)(1G0*
BC$ 7"-8$0#,)1($2$3(--),9$!"#$%&'&()##*(+$%0*J'2('(7Q(12%0*N(+&)+0*RMSB0*29*TB9
BI$ :)#$;"#<)#,$=+%<).29$,$&)#-./0(+1*&"#&/$&23+($4$>.(1#(*(9$=(#&)%".(9$?@@A9$B/$CD/
BM$ E/$=%'*).<)#19$5)6#+3&$7&7'38.%9$F'G#H(*B9$I#J.&4"#,9$?@A@9$B/$C@A/
EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159.
Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno “lacandón”
157
!"#$%&'()&*+'$+#!,+$'(-$'.'/&!",0#$.#$,+'.*!"%0$).1$"2",!"%0$"*$%+$'.'$0,(3+#+'-$
2+,0$)4'$"2+3"%0$"*$%+$'.$5+!"$&#%(3+#"6$70,$!0%0$+'!0-$+#$#.+'!,"$,+8*+9&:#$
'0;,+$ +*$ )&!0$ <"'$ '&%0$ 2,+/&'0$ &#%"3",$ +#$ &#!+#/&0#"*&%"%+'$ 1$ ;+#+8&/&",&0'-$
20,=.+$ %+$ "/.+,%0$ "$ *0'$ "/!0,+'$ 1$ *"'$ )0!&5"/&0#+'$ *"$ 8.#/&0#"*&%"%$ 2.+%+$
!0,#",'+$+#$2+,5+,'&:#$>%+'%+$20'&/&0#+'$20*(!&/"'-$/.*!.,"*+'$0$+/0#:)&/"'>6
?*$+)2*+0$%+*$)&!0$'+$+#/.+#!,"$"'0/&"%0$"$*"$#+/+'&%"%$%+$!"#$%-$/0#'&%+@
,"/&:#-$*"$%+*$A9&!0-$+'!";*+/&%"$+#$'.$/0#!+#&%0$2","$'"*&,$"5"#!+'$%+$'&!."/&0#+'$
/0)2,0)+!&%"'$ >+#$ *0'$ B*"/"#%0#+'C$ '.$ 5&%"$ %+#!,0$ %+$ .#$ +#!0,#0$ #"!.,"*$
/0)2*+D0>6$7+,0$*"$'&3#&8&/"/&:#$%+$A9&!0$'+$/0#80,)"$/0!&%&"#")+#!+-$+#$*"$
3+#+,"/&:#$%+$<4;&!0'$1$/,++#/&"'$2,05+#&+#!+'$%+$*"$+'!&)"/&:#$%+$*0'$&'()*+
)'(%,$ 5"*0,+'6$ E","/!+,('!&/"$ "/+#%,"%"$ +#$ *"$ '0/&+%"%$ )0%+,#"$ =.+$ ;.'/"$
!,"'/+#%+,$*0'$"*/"#/+'$%+$*"$/0#%&/&:#$<.)"#"-$'&!."/&:#$=.+$20%+)0'$0;'+,@
5",$+#$'.$/.*!0-$)"#&8&+'!0$+#$%&5+,'"'$+92,+'&0#+'$,&!."*+'6FG$H0$+9&'!+$".!A#@
!&/0$/.*!0$'&#$)&!0-$%+$&3."*$)"#+,"$*0'$)&!0'$#+/+'&!"#$,+"8&,)",'+$+#$+*$/.*!06FI$
J&#$ +'!"$ 2,+'+#/&"$ ;&%&,+//&0#"*$ ");0'$ '+$ %+;&*&!"#$ <"'!"$ %+'"2",+/+,6$ K0'$
)&!0'$'+$2,+'+#!"#$+#$!0%0'$*0'$!&+)20'$1$+#$!0%"'$*"'$'0/&+%"%+'$<.)"#"'-$
%+'%+$ *"'$ )+#0'$ +50*./&0#"%"'$ <"'!"$ *"'$ =.+$ <"#$ "*/"#L"%0$ .#$ %+'",,0**0$
/&+#!(8&/0@!+/#0*:3&/0$)4'$'08&'!&/"%06FM$N"$=.+$;.'/"#$8&#/",$*"'$*+3&!&)"/&0#+'$
)4'$+*+)+#!"*+'$1$)4'$!,"'/+#%+#!"*+'6
O%+0*:3&/")+#!+$ '+$ <"$ ;.'/"%0$ "2,05+/<",$ *"'$ 0,&+#!"/&0#+'$ /,+"%"'$ "$
2",!&,$%+$*0'$)&!0'-$"*&)+#!",$%+'%+$%&'!&#!"'$20'&/&0#+'$*"$+'!+*"$3+#+,"%"$"*@
,+%+%0,$%+$.#"$%+!+,)&#"%"$2+,'2+/!&5"6$?*$"*&)+#!0$%+$*"$-#$#.#/*/#01$+#$*"$
)0%+,#&%"%$0//&%+#!"*-$'&+)2,+$=.+$/0#5+#3"$"$*0'$&#!+,+'+'-$<"$'&%0$)4'$
*"$ &#'!".,"/&:#$%+$.#$#.+50$2,0/+'0$!0)"#%0$#0/&0#+'$P!&*+'-$+#$,+"*&%"%$'+$
<"$;.'/"%0$.#"$,+)&!&8&/"/&:#6$K"$&#!+,&0,&L"/&:#$%+*$)&!0$2.+%+$,+'.*!",$).1$
+8&/&+#!+$2","$20'&/&0#",$%+!+,)&#"%0'$5"*0,+'6$E0)0$'+Q"*"$R&,/+"$?*&"%+S$BT+$
*"$)&')"$)"#+,"$=.+$*0'$'();0*0'$=.+$20#+$+#$D.+30-$#.#/"$%+'"2",+/+$%+$*"$
"/!."*&%"%$2'(=.&/"S$'0*")+#!+$/");&"$%+$"'2+/!0$1$%&'&).*"$'.'$8.#/&0#+'C6FU$
?'$%+/&,-$'+$"2,05+/<"#$%&'&).*"%")+#!+$20'&/&0#")&+#!0'$2,&)",&0'$+#$*0'$
=.+$ #"/+6$ K"$ %+'5&"/&:#$ %+$ ,2,$ 2+,'2+/!&5"'$ %+#!,0$ 1$ 8.+,"$ %+$ *"$ '0/&+%"%$
%0#%+$'+$0,&3&#"$/,+"$+'/+#",&0'$%+$/0#8*&/!06$?'$.#"$,+"*&%"%$0)#&2,+'+#!+$
&#<+,+#!+$+#$*"$");&3V+%"%$%+*$'+,$<.)"#0-$1$2.+%+$2+,5+,!&,'+$1$!,"#'80,)",@
'+$+#$.#$+*+)+#!0$%+/&'&50$+#$*"$/0,,.2/&:#$%+$*"'$,+*"/&0#+'$'0/&"*+'$1$%+$*"$
FG$ E0)0$2.+%+#$'+,$+*$+'!.%&0$+#$.#"$+'/.+*"$%+$2,+'!&3&0-$*"$5&'&!"$"$3,"#%+'$/+#!,0'$/0@
)+,/&"*+'-$*"$.!&*&L"/&:#$%+$/&+,!"$2,+#%"'$+#$+*$5+'!&,-$+!/A!+,"6
FI$ W+,$3456/#$5$K*.&'$T./<-$7#$%86#1$'(4('$*/#01696/2:$2(*!"#$%&$%!"'(%)$*+,(!"-../!"01"-/21"
FM$ ;<#)6-$26$IU6
FU" 34%)$("5*4(&$!"67+8"94:+8"&$*"9;,&+"9+&$%,+<!"$,"=1">1"'+**$!"7#$%,86,2'=%,696-#,$'(#%,-$
?$,$%(*"@(A%4*!"';$,+8"B4%$8!"-.C-!"001"-.DEC1
EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159.
158
Ángel Fernando Cabrera Baz
!"#$%&!"#$%&%'()*!+,$-,")$!.!/'$0-%+)123!45!6%(-%5-)(!('+%#6)6#(!7)5-%#5#!")(&'(!
+'7,5#(*!/#"'!7)5%8%#(-)!6%(-%5-)(!7'-%9)+%'5#(!#:/"#()6)(!#5!$)!),-'""#/"#;
(#5-)+%<5!6#!$)!+'5+%#5+%)!+'7,5%-)"%)1!=)")!#$!+)('!6#!>)!>)+)56'5)!?)!'/#;
")6'!+'7'!#$#7#5-'!$#&%-%7)6'"!6#!,5!&",/'!/)"-%+,$)"*!5'!(<$'!6#(6#!#$!/"'/%'!
&",/'*!(%5'!)!/)"-%"!6#!9%(%'5#(!#:-#"5)(!6'56#!"#(,$-)5!+'59#5%#5-#(!#5!)$&@5!
(#5-%6'!(,(!+)")+-#"0(-%+)(122!>)(!9#"6)6#")(!8,5+%'5#(!6#$!7%-'!(<$'!/,#6#5!
(#"!+'7/"#56%6)(!)$!+)"%A!6#!$)!?%(-'"%)!#(/#+08%+)!6#!$)!B,#!8'"7)5!/)"-#*!#5!
#$!)5C$%(%(!6#$!D,#&'!6#!/'6#"!6'56#!(#!6#(#59,#$9#5!E(%-,)6'!#5!$)(!%5-#""#;
$)+%'5#(!('+%)$#(E!#5!#$!)+#"+)7%#5-'!)!$)(!7)5%8#(-)+%'5#(!6#!8#*!"#(%(-#5+%)*!
"#F#$60)*!)7'"*!+'5'+%7%#5-'*!#(/#+,$)+%<5!.!7,#"-#1!G)5%8#(-)+%'5#(!/'"!$)(!
B,#!/'6#7'(!'F(#"9)"!)!$'(!H$)+)56'5#(I!#5!/'(%+%'5#(!#:-"#7)(*!+'7'!%560;
&#5)(!+'5(#"9)+%'5%(-)(!)!,$-")5A)!'!&",/'!)$#D)6'!+'7/$#-)7#5-#!6#!$)!5)-,;
")$#A)*! B,%AC! #$! /,5-'! 7#6%'! #(! 7C(! +#"+)5'! )! $)! "#)$%6)6*! /#"'! )7F)(!
/'(%+%'5#(!5'(!7,#(-")5!#$!#5-")7)6'!6#!%5-#"#(#(!.!$)!F@(B,#6)!/'"!)6,#J)";
(#!6#!#(/)+%'(!(%7F<$%+'(!.!+'5+"#-'(1
Reflexiones finales
45!#$!7%-'!(#!#5+,#5-")5!#$#7#5-'(!.!6%7#5(%'5#(!B,#!F"%56)5!+'58%)5A)!
)$!(#"!?,7)5'*!'-'"&)!(#5-%6'!)!$)!#:%(-#5+%)!#5!(,!+)"C+-#"!()&")6'*!.!/'"!$'!
7%(7'*!5'"7)-%9'1!K5-"'6,+#!)(/#+-'(!8)5-C(-%+'(!.!'"6%5)"%'(!)!$)!"#)$%6)6!/)")!
?)+#"$)!9%9%F$#1!4(-C!$%&)6'!)!$)!+'56%+%<5!?,7)5)*!6#(6#!7'6'(!.!/'(%+%'5#(!
?#-#"'&L5#)(*!/#"'!7)5-%#5#!(,!)(/#+-'!"#&,$)-%9'!#5!$)!('+%#6)61!M,!/L"6%6)!
.!6#()"")%&'!%56%+)5!#('!7%(7'*!/L"6%6)!.!6#()"")%&'!?)+%)!,5)!"#)$%6)6!#(/#;
+08%+)*!)$!-")5(8'"7)"(#!$'(!9)$'"#(!B,#!6)5!(#5-%6'!)!$)!9%6)1!N,)56'!$)!"#)$%6)6!
(#!-")5(8'"7)!(,(-)5+%)$7#5-#!.!5'!#:%(-#!,5!/,#5-#!)6#+,)6'!B,#!9%5+,$#!$)(!
6%9#"()(!+%"+,5(-)5+%)(*!#:%&#!'-")(!/),-)(*!'-"'(!7'6#$'(!B,#!'8"#A+)5!+#"-#;
A)(*!B,%AC*!?)(-)!'-"'(!7%-'(*!/,#(!#$!'-'"&)"!(%&5%8%+)6'!)!$)!#:%(-#5+%)!$'!+'$';
+)! #5! ,5)! /'(%+%<5! 6#! /"%9%$#&%'*! $)! +,)$! F,(+)! (#"! ,-%$%A)6)*! %5+$,('! #5!
6#-"%7#5-'!6#!$)!'"%#5-)+%<5!%5%+%)$!6#$!/"'/%'!7%-'1!45!#$!7,56'*!(,!6%(-"%F,+%<5!
(%&,#!5,-"%#56'!+#"-%6,7F"#(*!6%(/'(%+%'5#(!.!)5?#$'(1!4$! '()*+, H$)+)56<5I!
E+'5!(,(!7%-'(!%5+$,%6'(E!(%&,#!(%#56'!)/"'9#+?)6'!/)")!8%D)"!-#56#5+%)(!)!
/)"-%"!6#!$)!"#/"'6,++%<5!6#!,5!%7)&%5)"%'!+'$#+-%9'1!45!#(-#!)/"'9#+?)7%#5-'!
'F(#"9)7'(!+<7'!$'(!7%-'(!/,#6#5!"#/"'6,+%"!6#!8'"7)!%6#'$<&%+)!$)(!F)(#(!
23! -.%*1*!/1!OP1!
22! Q")6%+%'5)$7#5-#!(#!?)!)/'.)6'!7C(!)!$'(!H$)+)56'5#(I!B,#!)!'-"'(!&",/'(!6#!$)!"#&%<5!
6#(6#!/'(%+%'5#(!&,F#"5)7#5-)$#(*!B,%AC!/'"!(,!7).'"!8)+%$%6)6!6#!7)5#D'*!)$!(#"!,5!&",/'!"#6,;
+%6'!.!/'+'!F#$%&#")5-#1
EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159.
159
Funcionalidad y perversión del mito: entorno “lacandón”
!"#$%#&'(&%#()*'"!%!#+,"#$)(#"-."-!/%#0#%!"*,%1#2)-#,-#3"*3)#3'(45/'*)#*)-#
"$"&"-4)(#(,(4%-*'%$"(#!"#&,0#$%/.%#!,/%*'5-6#7!"8"-#"(4,!'%/("#*)&)#,-#*)-9
:,-4)#!"#-;*$")(#!,/)(6#<"/)#4%&8'=-#!"#<%/4"(#$>8'$"(6#*)&)#*)&<$":)#!"#?%9
/'%-4"(@# *)&)# "A</"('5-# !"# 8"$$"B%@# *)&)# C,"-4"# !"# ,-%# ?%/'%!%# .%&%# !"#
<)('8'$'!%!"(#!"#("-4'!)(6#0#*)&)#"&%-%!)/#0#/"*"<4)/#!"#C,-*')-"(D1EF#G8%/*%-#
!"#$"%$&#' ()%*)+,&(")%-#' .' $-++"$)+")#' !-' /&' $-,0)+&/"!&!1' 2$)+3&%' #-%$"!)' &/'
3%8'4%/#!"$#3)&8/"#"-#"$#&,-!)#%$#"-*)-4/%/("#'-4/'-*%!)(#"-#$%#$,*3%#()*'%$6#
(,#-%4,/%$"B%#</)?'"-"#!"#$%#$,*3%6#0#(,#"(4%!H%#)#%8%-!)-)#"(4>-#?'-*,$%!)(#
%#"$$%@#$"#()-#</)<')(6#*)&)#$)#<)!"&)(#*)-(4%4%/#"-#$%(#<)('*')-"(#0#%*4)/"(#
!"$#"-4)/-)#7$%*%-!5-D1
Fecha de recepción: 05/11/2012
Fecha de aceptación: 21/05/2013
EF# I5<"B6#!"#$%&'"#$()*$'*+,-+,.)/6#"01$,&'16#<<1#JKF#0#JKL1
EN-CLAVES DEL PENSAMIENTO, año VIII, núm. 16, julio-diciembre 2014, pp. 143-159.
Descargar