Economics - Research Link

An International,
Registered & Referred
Monthly Journal :
Research Link - 121, Vol - XIII (2), April - 2014, Page No. 106-108
RNI No. MPHIN-2002-7041, ISSN No.- 0973-1628
E conomics
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nw, Jejved Fmekeâe ØeYeeJe «eeceerCe mecegoeÙe kesâ meeceeefpekeâ efJeIešve leLee veweflekeâ heleve kesâ ®he ceW Yeer efoKeeF& osleer nw~
efveOe&velee keâe mebyebOe cegKÙele: leerve lelJeeW - vÙetvelece peerJeve mlej, JÙeefòeâ hej Deeefßele meomÙeeW keâer mebKÙee Deewj
yeepeej cetuÙe mes nw~ efveOe&velee «eeceerCe #es$eeW ceW JÙeehekeâ ®he mes efJeÅeceeve nw Deewj ke=âef<e ner «eeceerCe DeLe&JÙeJemLee keâe
cetue DeeOeej nw~ Dele: ke=âef<e kesâ efJekeâeme nsleg DeeOegefvekeâlece lekeâveerkeâ keâe ØeÙeesie, efmebÛeeF& keâer heÙee&hle JÙeJemLee,
vÙetvelece cepeotjer DeefOeefveÙece keâe keâÌ[eF& mes Devegheeueve Deewj ke=âef<e hej DeeOeeefjle GÅeesieeW keâe lespeer mes efJekeâeme
efkeâÙee peevee ÛeeefnS, efpememes yengle no lekeâ efveOe&velee ceW keâceer ueeF& pee mekeâleer nw~
[e@.hetpee efmevne
fu/kZurk Hkkjr dh ,d jk"Vªh; leL;k gS] ysfdu ;g
leL;k 'kgjksa dh vis{kk xk¡oksa esa vR;f/kd gSA bldk dkj.k ;g
gS fd vkt Hkh ns'k dh dqy tula[;k dk rhu&pkSFkkbZ Hkkx xk¡oksa
esa gh fuokl djrh gSA fu/kZurk fo'ks"kdj xzkeh.k fu/kZurk dh
leL;k dsoy LokLF; rFkk dq'kyrk ds Lrj ls gh tqM+h ugha gS]
oju~ bldk izHkko xzkeh.k leqnk; ds lkekftd fo?kVu rFkk
uSfrd iru ds :i esa Hkh fn[kk;h nsrk gSA fu/kZurk dk laca/k
eq[;r% rhu rRoksa ;Fkk&U;wure thou Lrj] O;fDr ij vkfJr
lnL;kas dh la[;k vkSj cktkj ewY; ls gSA bldk vfHkizk; ;g gS
fd tc fdlh leqnk; ds vf/kdrj yksxksa dks bruk Hkh vkfFkZd
lk/ku izkIr ugha gks ikrk gS fd os ,d {ks= fo'ks"k dh vko';drk
ds vuq:i vius Åij vkfJr lnL;ksa ds U;wure thou Lrj dks
dk;e j[k ldsa rc ,slh fLFkfr fu/kZurk dh fLFkfr dgykrh gSA
fu/kZurk dk rkRi;Z ;g ,d ,slh voLFkk ls gS ftlesa lekt dk
,d Hkkx vius thou dh cqfu;knh vkSj U;wure vko';drkvksa dks
larq"V djus eas vleFkZ jgrk gSA
gekjs ns'k esa fu/kZurk dh ifjHkk"kk ikSf"Vd vkgkj ij nh xbZ
gSA Hkkjrh; ;kstuk vk;ksx }kjk xfBr fo'ks"kny ny "Task
Force on Minimum Needs and Effective Consumption Demand." dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj xzkeh.k {ks= esa izfr O;fDr 2400
dSyksjh vkSj 'kgjh {ks= esa 2100 dSyksjh izfrfnu ds fglkc ls ftUgsa
ikSf"Vd vkgkj izkIr ugha gksrk gS mUgsa fu/kZurk dh js[kk ls uhps
ekuk x;k gSA
Hkkjr esa fu/kZurk dk ewy Lo:i fu/kZuksa ds ikl mudh
U;wure vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, i;kZIr Ø; 'kfDr dk
u gksuk gS] fu/kZuksa esa vf/kd la[;k ,sls yksxksa dh gS ftUgsa iwjk le;
dke ugah feyrk gS vFkkZr~ os vYi jkstxkj dh fLFkfr esa gksrs gSaA
ogh fuEu mRikndrk vkSj vYi etnwjh ds pyrs bUgsa bruh vk;
Hkh izkIr gks ikrh gS] ftlls fd buds thou dh vko';d U;wure
vko';drk,a iwjh gks ldsA Hkkjr esa fu/kZurk dk fuEufyf[kr
Lo:i n`f"Vxkspj gksrk gS %
¼1½ vf/kdka'k fu/kZu xkaoksa esa fuokl djrs gSa vkSj buds nks
izeq[k oxZ gS]a ,d&y?kq ,oa lhekUr fdlku vkSj nwljk Hkwfeghu
Jfed xzkeh.k fu/kZuksa dk vk/kk ls dqN de Hkkx y?kq vkSj lhekar
fdlkuksa dk gSA ;s nksuksa oxZ dqN lhek rd fefJr Hkh gS]a D;ksfa d y?kq
,oa lhekUr fdlku d`f"k& Jfed ds :i esa Hkh dk;Z djrs gSAa
¼2½ xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa fucZy oxksZa dh eq[; vkfFkZd leL;k
[kqyh csjkstxkjh ugah gS] vfirq fuEu mruikndrk ,oa fuEu
etnwjh okyk jkstxkj gSA
¼3½ 'kgjksa esa fu/kZurk dh leL;k xzkeh.k fu/kZurk dk
mRizokg gSA 'kgjksa ds vf/kdrj fu/kZu O;fDr ;k rks Lo&fu;ksftr
gS vFkok vlafBr m|ksxksa ,oa lsok {ks=ksa esa layXu gSA Lo&
fu;ksftr fu/kZuksa dk lk/ku& vk/kkj dkQh detksj gS tcfd
etnwjh& jkstxkj esa layXu fu/kZuksa dks feyus okys Hkqxrku dk
Lrj vR;ar uhpk gSA blds vfrfjDr f'kf{kr csjks txkjh ds :i esa
Hkh 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa fu/kZurk fo|eku gSA
fu/kZu oxZ dk vk; ds vuqlkj fooj.k %
oxZ
okf"kZ d vk;
¼1½ vfrnhu
4]000 :i;s de
2-2
¼2½ cgqr vf/kd fu/kZu 4001 :- ls 6]000 :13-8
¼3½ cgqr fu/kZu
6001 :- ls 11]000 :- rd 38-2
¼4½ fu/kZu
8501 :- ls 11]000 :- rd 45-8
dq y
11]000 :- rd
100-00
lzksr % xzkeh.k fodkl U;wt ySVjA
ØeJeòeâe (DeLe&MeeŒe efJeYeeie), ceg.uee.pe.ve.Kes.ieume& heer.peer.keâe@uespe, menejvehegj (GòejØeosMe)
 Research Link - An International Journal - 121  Vol - XIII (2)  April - 2014  106
fu/kZurk dk izHkko %
fu/kZurk ds nq"izHkkoksa dh O;kidk dh ppkZ djrs gq, vUrjkZ"Vªh;
Je &laxBu us vius ewyHkwr fl)kUrksa esa dgk gS fd ^^fu/kZurk dgha
Hkh mUufr ds fy, [krjukd gksrh gSA**fu/kZurk O;fDr] ifjokj
leqnk; vkSj lEiw.kZ lekt dks izfrdwy :i ls izHkkfor djrh gSA
;g lR; gS fd fu/kZurk ds dqizHkkoksa dh O;kidrk vkSj rhozrk
fHkUu&fHkUu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh fHkUu&fHkUu gksrh gSA fQj Hkh blds
vf/kdrj izHkko O;fDr ds thou ij dkQh xaHkhj vkSj Hk;kud :i
ls iM+rs gS]a ftlls lekt vkSj vFkZ O;oLFkk nksuksa dk fodkl Bi iM+
tkrk gSA fu/kZurk ftlls ,d vksj tgk¡ lkekftd larqyu Hkax gks
tkrk gS ogha nwljh gksj vFkZO;oLFkk fodkl ds iFk ij vxzlj gksus
dh txg vourh dh vksj vxzlj gksus yxrh gSA ,d lkekftd&vkfFkZd
leL;k ds :i esa Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ij fu/kZurk ds nq"izHkkoksa dks
fuEukafdr :i ls Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA
O;fDrxr fo?kVu %
fu/kZurk O;fDr ds thou dks fo?kfVr dj Mkyrh gSA fu/kZu
gksus ds dkj.k O;fDr dk 'kkjhfjd] ekufld vkSj ckSf)d fodkl Bi
iM+ tkrk gSA Qyr% muds thou dk mís';] Hkwfedk,a] izfLFkfr vkSj
ewY; bR;kfn vfuf'pr rFkk nks"ke; gks tkrk gSA gekjs ns'k esa Hkh
fu/kZuksa dk thou vHkkoksa vkSj fpUrkvksa ls ifjiw.kZ gS ftlls os uSfrd
,oa vuSfrd] foosd ,oa vfoosd] iki ,oa iq.; bR;kfn esa foHksn ugha
dj ikrs gSa vkSj vius ifjokj dh vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds
fy, vuSfrd dk;ksZa dk lgkjk ysus esa rfud Hkh ladksp ugha djrs
gSAa blls mudk O;fDrRo fo?kVu gksrk gS vkSj os lekt esa viuk
mi;ksxh thou O;rhr djus esa vleFkZ gks tkrs gSA
ikfjokfjd fo?kVu %
ikfjokfjd fo?kVu fu/kZurk dk ,d egRoiw.kZ nq"izHkko gSA
fu/kZu O;fDr tc vius ifjokj ds lHkh lnL;ksa dh vko';drkvksa
dks iwjk ugha dj ikrk gS rc ifjokj esa O;kIkd vlarks"k mRiUu gks
tkrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ifjokj ds lHkh lnL;ksa ;gk¡ rd fd cPps]
cw<+s vkSj efgyk,a Hkh vkfFkZd vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ gsrq ckgj
tkdj dke djus yxrs gSa vkSj lHkh yksx vius&vius LokFkksZa dks
iwjk djus esa lafyIr gks tkrs gSaA blls ikfjokfjd fu;a=.k VwV
tkrk gS vkSj ckgj ds nks"kiw.kZ okrkoj.k ds dkj.k lnL;ksa ds chp
nqjkpj.k dh lEHkkouk,a c<+ tkrh gSaA
vijk/kksa ,oa nqO;Zluksa esa o`f) %
fu/kZurk us lekt esa dbZ rjg ds vijk/kksa vkSj nqO;Zluksa esa
o`f) dh gSA laLd`r dh ;g mfDr iw.kZr% lR; izrhr gksrh gS &
^^cqHkqf{kr% fda u djksfr ikiaA A** izk;% tc dksbZ O;fDr
bZekunkjh ls i;kZIr ek=k esa vk; izkIr ugha dj ikrk gS rc og pksjh]
MdSrh] gR;k] ikdsVekjh tSls vijk/kksa ds ek/;e ls viuh vko';drkvksa
dks lar"q V djus dk iz;kl djrk gSA fu/kZurk ds dkj.k O;fDr visu
cky&cPpksa rFkk vkfJrksa dks Hkw[k ,oa chekjh ls ne rksMr+ s ns[k
lekt fojks/kh dk;ksZa dh vksj izo`Rr gksus yxrk gS] ftlls muesa
fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj dk nqO;Zlu mRiUu gks tkrk gS vkfFkZd raxh ds
dkj.k O;fDr ikfjokfjd fpUrkvksa ,oa rukoksa ls xzflr gksdj vDlj
e|iku djus yxrk gS] tqvk [ksyu yxrk gS ;k fQj lV~Vk yxkus
yxrk gS rkfd og fpUrk] ruko vkfn ls eqDr gks lds vkSj
'kh?kzrk'kh?kz vf/kd /ku izkIr dj ldsA ysfdu ,sls yksHk mudh
vkfFkZd n'kk dks vkSj Hkh xaHkhj ,oa n;uh; cuk nsrs gSAa
LokLF; leL;k,¡ %
fu/kZurk dh leL;k us O;fDr;ksa ds le{k LokLF; lac/a kh dbZ
izdkj dh leL;kvksa dks mRiUu fd;k gS ftuesa v'kDrrk] chekjh]
fodykaxrk] vle; e`R;q bR;kfn izeq[k gSA gekjs ns'k esa Hkh
fu/kZuksa dk thou leqfpr Hkkstu ds vHkko] dqiks"k.k] jgus dh
n;uh; n'kk] fpfdRlk ds lk/kuksa dk vHkko bR;kfn ds dkj.k bUgha
LokLF; lEcU/kh leL;kvksa esa my>k gqvk gSA fu/kZurk ds dkj.k
ckY;koLFkk esa mRiuu v'kDrrk,a ,oa chekfj;k¡ thou i;ZUr
pyrh jgrh gSa ftlls O;fDr dk thou lnk&loZnk ds fy,
d"Ve; cuk jgrk gSA egkekfj;ksa dk Hkh lcls T;knk izHkko bUgha
fu/kZu O;fDr;ksa dks >syuk iM+rk gSA
vf'k{kk ,oa ckyJe eas o`f) %
fu/kZurk dk ,d nq"izHkko ;g Hkh jgk gS fd blls vf'k{kk ,oa
ckyJe dks izkRs lkfgr fd;k gSA fu/kZu O;fDr vius cky&cPpksa ds
fy, f'k{kk dh leqfpr O;oLFkk djus esa izk;% vleFkZ jgrk gS]
D;ksfa d ,sls fu/kZu ifjokjksa esa cPpksa ij NksVh mez ls gh ikfjokfjd
dke dk cks> jgrk gSA dqN cPpksa dks rks dqN vfTkZr djus ds fy,
vR;ar dfBu 'kkjhfjd ifjJe Hkh djuk iM+rk gSA gekjs ns'k ds
fo'ks"kdj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa jg jgs fu/kZu ifjokjksa esa fuj{krk ,oa
vf'k{kk O;kid :i esa QSYkh gSA ,slh vf'kf{kr ,oa fuj{kj O;fDr
u rks viuk dY;k.k djus esa l{ke gSA vkSj u gh ns'k ds vkfFkZd
rFkk lkekftd fodkl ds fy, mi;ksxh gksrs gSaA
vkfFkZd fodkl esa ck/kk %
fu/kZurk vkfFkZd fodkl ij izfrdwy izHkko Mkyrh gSA blls
lEiw.kZ vFkZO;oLFkk esa fodkl dh xfr /kheh gks tkrh gS ;k fQj
dHkh dHkh :d Hkh tkrh gSA gekjs ns'k esa Hkh fu/kZurk ds dkj.k
gh miyC/k HkkSfrd lalk/kuksa dk ,d cM+k fgLlk fu/kZuksa ds vuqRiknd
lewg ds mi;ksx ij O;; djuk iM+k gSA Qyr% mRiknd ,oa
fodklkRed dk;ksZa dks lEiUu djus gsrq vko';d lalk/kuksa dk
vHkko gks x;k gSA
vkfFkZd ijfuHkZjrk ,oa _.kxzLrrk %
vkfFkZd ijfuHkZjrk vkSj _.kxzLrrk fu/kZurk dk gh dqizHkko
gSA fu/kZu O;fDr izk;% nwljksa ds d`ik ik= cus jgrs gSa vkSj mldh
n;k ij gh os viuk thou O;rhr djrs gSaA gekjs ns'k esa Hkh
fHk{kko`fr ,oa vkokjkxnhZ dh c<+rh izof` Rr vkfFkZd ijfuHkZjrk dk gh
ifj.kke gSA
vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd leL;kvksa dk dqpØ %
fu/kZurk vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd leL;kvksa dk ,d ,slk
dqpØ fufeZr dj nsrh gS ftlsl vFkZO;oLFkk dk ckgj fudyuk
vR;ar dfBu gks tkrk gSA fu/kZurk rjg&rjg dh vkfFkZd vkSj
lkekftd leL;kvksa dks mRiUu djrh gSA csjkstxkjh fuEu thou
Lrj] vf'k{kk ,oa lkekftd 'kks"k.k] oxZ la?k"kZ vkSj LokLF; laca/kh
leL;k,a eq[; :i ls fu/kZurk dh gh mit gSA fu/kZurk dh mit
O;kid izHkkoksa ij n`f"V Mkyus ds i'pkr iz'u ;g mBrk gS fd
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk fu/kZurk mUewyu ds fy, fd, x, iz;kl D;k
jgs gSa rFkk mudh okLrfod :i ls lQyrk bl xEHkhj leL;k
 Research Link - An International Journal - 121  Vol - XIII (2)  April - 2014  107
dks gy djus esa fdl lhek rd jgh gS\ ljdkj }kjk fu;ksftr
fodkl dh izfØ;k esa fd;s tkus okys fu/kZurk mUewyu lEcU/kh vc
rd ds dk;ZØe bl izdkj gSa %
¼1½ lefUor xzkeh.k fodkl dk;ZØe ¼IRDP½ ¼2½ xzkeh.k
;qok Lojkstxkj gsrq izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe ¼TRYSEM½ ¼3½ xzkeh.k
{ks=ksa esa efgyk vkSj cky fodkl dk;ZØe ¼DWCRA½ ¼4½ U;wure
vko';drk dk;ZØe ¼MNP½ ¼5½ jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj dk;ZØe
¼NREP½ ¼6½ xzkeh.k Hkwfeghu jkstxkj xkjUVh dk;ZØe ¼RLEGP½
¼7½ tokgj jkstxkj ;kstuk ¼JRY½ ¼8½ bfUnjk vkokl ;kstuk
¼IAY½ ¼9½ nl yk[k dqavksa dh ;kstuk ¼MWS½ ¼10½ jkstxkj
vk'oklu ;kstuk ¼EAS½ ¼11½ usg: jkstxkj ;kstuk ¼NRY½
¼12½ fu/kZuksa ds fy, 'kgjh cqfu;knh lsokvksa dh ;kstuk ¼UBSP½
¼13½ iz/kkuea=h dk lefUor 'kgjh fu/kZurk mUewyu dk;ZØe
¼PMIUPEP½ ¼14½ Lo.kZ t;Urh 'kgjh jkstxkj ;kstuk ¼SJSRY½
¼15½ xaxk dY;k.k ;kst uk ¼16½ efgyk le` f ) ;kst uk
¼17½ jk"Vªh; lkekftd lgk;rk dk;ZØeA
Hkkjr esa fu/kZurk fuokj.k gsrq ljdkj }kjk fofHkUu dk;ZØe
ykxw fd, x,] rkfd yksxksa ds thou Lrj dks Åij mBk;k tk
ldsA ljdkj dk ekuuk Fkk fd fodkl dk ykHk Lor% gh
fjl&fjl dj lekt ds lHkh oxksZa dks izkIr gks tk,xk vkSj blls
fu/kZfurk vius vki lekIr gks tk;sxh ijUrq ,slk gqvk ughaA
bu dk;ZØeksa ds dk;kZUo;u esa dfe;ka ik;h x;h tks bl
izdkj gSa %
¼1½ lefUor fodkl dk;ZØe ds vUrxZr ;sktukvksa ds
p;u esa izk;% dk;ZØe esa 'kkfey yksxksa dh ;ksX;rk] vk/kkjHkwr
lqfo/kkvksa dh izkfIr vU; {ks=ksa ij laHkkfor izHkkoksa vkfn dh vuns[kh
dh x;h gSA ¼2½ fu/kZuksa esa lcls fu/kZu O;fDr dks bu dk;ZØeksa
ls dksbZ ykHk ugha feykA ¼3½ bu dk;ZØeksa ds vUrxZr _.k
;kstukvksa dks fØ;kfUor djus esa O;kid Hkz"Vkpkj] izkok/kkuksa dk
nq:i;ksx vkSj vukpkj dk lekos'k jgkA ¼4½ fu/kZurk fuokj.k ds
fofHkUu ljdkjh dk;ZØeksa ds voyksdu ls Li"V gS fd ljdkj us
lHkh fu/kZuksa dks ,d gh Js.kh esa j[kk gS tks vuqfpr izrhr gksrk gSA
¼5½ vf/kdka'k jkT; ljdkjksa us dsUnz izk;ksftr dk;ZØeksa dks ykxw
djus esa mis{kkiw.kZ joS;k viuk;kA ¼6½ tula[;k esa nqzrxfr ls
o`f) gksus ds dkj.k Je 'kfDr esa rsth ls o`f) gqbZ gSA ifj.kker%
,d vksj tgk¡ [ksrkas dk vkdkj fnu&izfrfnu NksVk gksrk x;k gSA
ogha nwljh vksj Lojkstxkj vkSj m|eksa ij vkSj etnwjksa ds jkstxkj
dk;ZØeksa ij fuHkZjrk vi;kZIr lkfcr gks jgh gSA
fu/kZurk fuokj.k ls lEcfU/kr fHkUu&fHkUu dk;ZØeksa ds mijksDr
ewY;kadu ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd bu fofHkUu ljdkjh dk;ZØeksa
esa vO;ofLFkr ;kstukvksa ls dkQh ck/kk,a mRiUu gqbZ gSaA fofHkUu
ljdkjh dk;ZØeksa esa vkilh leUo; dk vHkko gksus ds dkj.k
;kstukvksa dks fØ;kfUor djus esa dfBukbZ;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+k
gSA ljdkj }kjk d`f"k mRikn vkSj mRiknu dks loksZPp izkFkfedrk
nh xbZ rFkkfi vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd vlekurk,a lekIr ugha gqbZ
gSA Hkz"Vkpkj ukSdj'kkgh vkSj fcpkSfy;ksa dk opZLo us ;kstukvksa dh
lQyrk dks ckf/kr fd;k gSA blfy, fu/kZurk fuokj.k ds dk;ZØeksa
dk ykHk lekt dks lokZf/kd fu/kZuksa rd ugha igqap ldk gSA
lq>ko %
¼1½ fu/kZurk gekjs ns'k esa fo'ks"kdj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa O;kid
:i ls fo|eku gS vkSj d`f"k gekjh xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk dk ewy
vk/kkj gSA vr,o d`f"k ds fodkl gsrq vk/kqfudre rduhd dk
iz;ksx] flapkbZ dh i;kZIr O;oLFkk] U;wure etnwjh vf/kfu;e dk
dM+kbZ ls vuqikyu vkSj d`f"k ij vk/kkfjr m|ksxksa dk rsth ls
fodkl fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
¼2½ d`f"k fodkl ds lkFk&lkFk i'kq/ku ,oa nqX/k'kkyk fodkl]
eqxhZikyu cdjh ikyu] eRL; fodkl dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A bl n`f"V ls i'kqvksa ds fy, pkjk ,oa muds fy, fpfdRlk
lEcU/kh lqfo/kkvksa dh leqfpr O;oLFkk djuk vko';d gSA
¼3½ fu/kZurk okLro esa csjkstxkjh dk izfrfcEc gSA vr%
fu/kZurk ,oa csjkstxkjh dh leL;k ds funku gsrq NksVs iSekus dh
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muds fo:) Rofjr dk;Zokgh izkjEHk dh tk,A
bl izdkj orZeku le; esa ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs
fu/kZurk fuokj.k dk;ZØeksa] mik;ksa rFkk uhfr;ksa dks mijksDr
mYysf[kr lq>koksa ds lkFk lPps ân; ,oa izcy bPNk 'kfDr ls
ns'k esa lapkfyr ,oa ykxw fd;k tk, rks fu%lansg fu/kZurk dh
leL;k dk lek/kku gks tk;sxkA
lanHkZ %
¼1½ vkgwtk] jke% lkekftd leL;k,¡] jkor ifCyds'kUl]
t;iqjA ¼2½ nRr] :nz ,oa lqUnje~] ds-ih-,e- % Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk]
,l-panz ,.M dEiuh fy- ubZ fnYyhA ¼3½ xqIrk ,e-,y-'kekZ] Mh-Mh% Hkkjrh; lkekftd leL;k,a] lkfgR; Hkou] vkxjkA ¼4½ teqvkj
jfo 'kadj % Hkkjr dh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk,a vkSj fu/kZurk fuokj.k]
jk/kk ifCyds'kUl] ubZ fnYyhA ¼5½ ekseksfj;k] prqHkqZt] tSu] ,l0th
% Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk] lkfgR; Hkou ifCyds'ku vkxjkA ¼6½ iUr
ts0lh0] feJk ts0oh0% Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd leL;k,¡] lkfgR; Hkou
ifCYkds'kUl] vkxjkA ¼7½ feJk ,l0ds0iqjh] oh0ds0] Hkkjrh;
vFkZO;oLFkk] fgeky;k] ifCyf'kax gkÅl] fnYyhA

 Research Link - An International Journal - 121  Vol - XIII (2)  April - 2014  108
An International,
Registered & Referred
Monthly Journal :
Research Link - 121, Vol - XIII (2), April - 2014, Page No. 109-110
RNI No. MPHIN-2002-7041, ISSN No.- 0973-1628
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
 Research Link - An International Journal - 121  Vol - XIII (2)  April - 2014  110
An International,
Registered & Referred
Monthly Journal :
Research Link - 121, Vol - XIII (2), April - 2014, Page No. 111-112
RNI No. MPHIN-2002-7041, ISSN No.- 0973-1628
E conomics
GòejeKeC[ ceW jespeieej keâe keâevetveer DeefOekeâej : Skeâ DeOÙeÙeve
Øemlegle MeesOehe$e ceW GòejeKeC[ ceW jespeieej kesâ keâevetveer DeefOekeâej hej Skeâ met#ce efJeMues<eCe efkeâÙee ieÙee
nw~ GòejeKeC[ ceW cevejsiee kesâ keâeÙee&vJeÙeve kesâ DeOÙeÙeve mes kegâÚ cenlJehetCe& efyevog meeceves Deeles nQ, meJe&ØeLece Ùen
efkeâ osMe ceW cevejsiee keâeÙee&vJeÙeve kesâ meboYe& ceW GòejeKeC[ efJeiele Je<eeX ceW efvejblej keâcepeesj efmLeefle ceW nw~ Fmekeâe
ØecegKe keâejCe Ùen nw efkeâ keâF& Je<e& yeerleves kesâ yeeo Yeer GòejeKeC[ ceW peceerveer mlej hej ØeÛeej-Øemeej veneR efkeâÙee pee
mekeâe nw~ GòejeKeC[ ceW cevejsiee keâes meceeJesMeer «eeceerCe efJekeâeme keâe peefjÙee yeveekeâj Ùeneb mes ØeefleJe<e& Yeejer mebKÙee
ceW nesves Jeeues heueeÙeve keâes jeskeâe pee mekeâlee nw, efkeâvleg cevejsiee keâeÙee&vÙeJeve ceW heÙee&hle ®efÛe ve efueS peeves kesâ
keâejCe GòejeKeC[ ceW cevejsiee keâeÙee&vJeÙeve ceW heÙee&hle Øeieefle veneR nes heeÙeer nw~ DeeMee nw YeefJe<Ùe ceW GòejeKeC[
ceW cevejsiee kesâ keâeÙee&vJeÙeve ceW heÙee&hle megOeej DeeSiee leLee Ùeneb Yeer «eeceerCe ueesieeW keâes 100 efoveeW kesâ jespeieej kesâ
keâevetveer DeefOekeâej keâe JeemleefJekeâ ueeYe efceue heeSiee~
ceveesjce
Hkk
jro"kZ ,d xzke iz/kku ns'k gS] tgka vkt Hkh vf/kdka'k
tula[;k xkaoksa esa clrh gSA Hkkjro"kZ ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa dk lekos'kh
fodkl Lok/khurk ds ckn ls gh ,d izeq[k pqukSrh jgk gSSA
Hkkjro"kZ ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa O;kid :i ls QSyh gqbZ xjhch]
csjkstxkjh] Hkw[kejh rFkk dqiks"k.k tSlh leL;kvksa ds fujkdj.k rFkk
xzkeh.k O;fDr;ksa dh Ø;'kfDr dks c<+kus ds mn~n's ; ls jk"Vªh;
xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e &2005 dks 2 Qjojh] 2006 ls
igys pj.k esa ns'k ds pqfuank 200 ftyksa es ykxw fd;k x;kA
mRrjk[k.M esa Hkh xzkeh.k fodkl gsrq pyk;h x;h fofHkUu
;kstukvksa ds visf{kr ifj.kke ugha fudy ik;sa gSa] ftlds pyrs
;gka ls gksus okyk iyk;u yxkrkj tkjh gSA vk/kkjHkwr lqfo/kkvksa
ds vHkko rFkk jkstxkj ds leqfpr lk/kuksa ds vHkko us fLFkfr;ksas dks
vkSj nq:g cuk;k gSA flapkbaZ lqfo/kkvksa dk visf{kr foLrkj u gks
ikus rFkk d`f"k mRiknu esa fujarj deh ds pyrs csjkstxkjh dk
Lrj yxkrkj c<+ jgk gSA ,sls le; esa 100 fnuksa ds vdq”ky
jkstxkj dks xzkeh.k O;fDr;ksa dk dkuwuh vf/kdkj cukus okys
egkRek xk¡/kh jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e dk ;gka ds
fuokfl;ksa ds fy;s fo'ks"k egRo gSA izFke pj.k esa 2 Qjojh] 2006
ls ns'k ds ftu 200 ftyksa esa jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh
vf/kfu;e 2005 ykxw fd;k x;kA muessa fVgjh] peksyh vkSj
paikor tuin 'kkfey FksA o"kZ 2007 esa ;gka ds nks vU; ftyksa
Å/keflaguxj vkSj gfj}kj esa bl vf/kfu;e dk foLrkj fd;k
x;kA 1 vizSy] 2008 ls ;g vf/kfu;e iwjs ns'k esa ykxw gksus ds
lkFk gh mRRkjk[k.M ds vU; ftyksa vYeksM+k] ckxs'oj] fiFkkSjkx.k]
ikSM+h] x<+oky] :nziz;kx] nsgjknwu] vkSj uSuhrky rFkk mRrjdk'kh
esa Hkh ykxw gks x;kA
mRrjk[k.M esa eujsxk ds varxZr tkjh fd, x, tkWc
dkMZ
jkT;
o"kZ
o"kZ
2006&07
2010&11
199236
974529
lzkrs % i=kad 1338@33@fo11@jk0xzk0jks0xzk0;ks0lw0v0@
2011-12mRrjk[k.M esa eujsxk ds varxZr cuk;s x;s tkWc dkMksZ dh
la[;k dk v/;;u djus ij ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd ;gka eujsxk ds
varxZr vf/kdkf/kd yksxksa ds tkWc dkMZ cukdj mUgsa eujsxk dk
leqfpr ykHk fnyk;s tkus dh nj eas izxfr gqbZ gS ;|fi ;g izxfr
vHkh Hkh vk'kk dh vis{kk cgqr de gh gSA bl izdkj mRrjk[k.M
esa foxr rhu o"kksZ esa eujsxk ls vf/kdkf/kd yksxksa dks ykHkkfUor
djus rFkk muds tkWc dkMZ cukus gsrq leqfpr iz;kl ugha fd,
x;s gSa[ ftl dkj.k vkt Hkh dbZ t:jrean xzkeh.k tkWcdkMZ gh
u cu ikus ds dkj.k lh/ks rkSj ij eujsxk ds ykHkksa ls oafpr gSA
mRrjk[k.M esa eujsxk ds varxZr izkIr jkstxkj
jkT;
o"kZ
o"kZ
mRrjk[k.M
2006&07
2010&11
134363
542391
lzkrs % i=kad 1338@33@fo11@ jk0xzk0jks0xzk0;ks0lw0v0
@2011-12mRrjk[k.M
MeesOeÚe$e (DeLe&MeeŒe efJeYeeie), JeWkeâšsMe efJeÕeefJeÅeeueÙe, iepejewuee (GòejØeosMe)
 Research Link - An International Journal - 121  Vol - XIII (2)  April - 2014  111
mRrjk[k.M esa eujsxk ds varxZr jkstxkj dh ekax ,oa
miyC/k djk;s x;s jkstxkj dk v/;;u djus ij ;g Kkr gksrk
gS fd mRrjk[k.M esa ykHkkfUorksa dh la[;k vR;ar de jgh gS rFkk
mRrjk[k.M esa eujsxk ykxw gksus ds rhu o"kZ chr tkus ds ckn Hkh
vf/kdkf/kd tkWc dkMZ /kkjdksa dks jkstxkj blds varxZr miyC/k
ugha gks ik;k gSA bldk izeq[k dkj.k ;g gS fd mRrjk[k.M esa vHkh
Hkh eujsxk dk tehuh Lrj ij izpkj&izlkj ugha gks ik;k gS] ftl
dkj.k yksxksa dks vkt Hkh eujsxk ds varxZr vius dkuwuh vf/kdkjksa
ds ckjs esa i;kZIr tkudkjh ugha gks ik;h gSA
mRrjk[k.M esa eujsxk ds varxZr lqftr ekuo fnol
jkT;
o"kZ
o"kZ
2006&07
2010&11
40-6 yk[k
230-22 yk[k
lz k sr % ujsxk ,yVZ ,.M ,ukfyfll fjiksVZ ekpZ
2009] ekpZ 2010] ekpZ 2011mRrjk[k.M esa eujsxk ds varxZr l`ftr ekuo fnolksa dh
la[;k dk v/;;u djus ij ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd mRrjk[k.M esa
eujsxk ds varxZr l`ftr ekuo fnolksa dh la[;k esa o"kZokj i;kZIr
varj vk;k gS rFkk ;g o"kZ 2006&07 dh vis{kk o"kZ 2010&11 esa
c<+dj yxHkx N% xqus gks pqds gS] ijarq mRrjk[k.M esa eujsxk ds
varxZr l`ftr jkstxkj vkt Hkh vko';drk ds eqdkcys dkQh de
cuk gqvk gS rFkk bls Hkfo"; esa vkSj vf/kd c<+k;s tkus dh
vko';drk gSA
mRrjk[k.M esa eujsxk ds varxZr [kpZ dh xbZ /kujkf'k
jkT;
o"kZ
o"kZ
mRrjk[k.M
2006&07
2010&11
4849-7 yk[k 38019-88 yk[k
lzk sr % ekfld izxfr fjiksVZ] eujsxk] ekpZ 2009]
ekpZ 2010] ekpZ 2011mRrjk[k.M esa eujsxk ds varxZr O;; dh x;h /kujkf'k dk
v/;;u djus ij ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd mRRjk[k.M esa foxr rhu
o"kksZa esa blesa i;kZIr varj vk;k gSA mRrjk[k.M esa eujsxk ds
varxZr O;; dh tkus okyh /kujkf'k dk ifjek.k fujarj c<+us dk
lh/kk izHkko ;g gqvk gS fd blds varxZr o"kZokj ctV esa c<+ksRrjh
gq;h gS rFkk blds varxZr l`ftr ekuo fnolksa dh la[;k Hkh c<+h
gSA ;|fi vHkh Hkh ;g vko';drk ds eqdkcys dkQh de gh cuh
gqbZ gS] blfy, mRrjk[k.M esa eujsxk ds varxZr ctVh; vkoaVu
c<+kdj 5000 djksM+ :i;k izfro"kZ fd;k tkuk rFkk mlds leqfpr
mi;ksx gsrq iz'kklfud tokcnsgh lqfuf'pr fd;k tkuk vfr
vko';d gSA
mRrjk[k.M esa eujsxk ds dk;kZUo;u ds v/;;u ls dqN
egRoiw.kZ fcanqvksa dk vkHkkl gksrk gSA loZizFke ;g fd ns'k esa
eujsxk dk;kZUo;u ds lanHkZ esa mRRkjk[k.M foxr o"kksaZ esa fujarj
lcls detksj fLFkfr esa gSA bldk izeq[k dkj.k ;g gS fd dbZ o"kZ
chrus ds ckn Hkh mRrjk[k.M esa tehuh Lrj ij izpkj&izlkj ugha
fd;k tk ldk gSA xzkeh.k tuizfrfuf/k;ksa dh eujsxk dk;kZUo;u
mRrjk[k.M
esa mnklhurk rFkk yksxksa esa tkx:drk ds vHkko us Hkh tuin esa
eujsxk dh leqfpr izxfr dh jkg esa ck/kk mRiUu dh gSA
mRrjk[k.M esa eujsxk dk;kZUo;u gsrq l'kDr iz'kklfud <k¡pk u
gksus ,oa i;kZIr ctVh; vkoaVu u gksus rFkk vkoafVr] /kujkf'k gh
O;; u gks ikus ds dkj.k Hkh fLFkfr;ka larks"ktud ugha gSA
mRrjk[k.M esa eujsxk dk;kZUo;u esa fujarj Hkz"Vkpkj ds jktuhfrd
vkjksi yxrs jgs gSaA
mRrjk[k.M esa eujsxk dks lekos'kh xzkeh.k fodkl dk
tfj;k cukdj ;gka ls izfro"kZ Hkkjh la[;k esa gkus okys iyk;u dks
jksdk tk ldrk gS] fdUrq eujsxk dk;kZUo;u esa i;kZIr :fp u
fy;s tkus ds dkj.k mRrjk[k.M esa eujsxk dk;kZUo;u esa i;kZIr
izxfr ugha gks ik;h gSA vk'kk gS Hkfo"; esa mRrjk[k.M esa Hkh eujsxk
ds dk;kZUo;u esa i;kZIr lq/kkj vk;sxk rFkk ;gka Hkh xzkeh.k yksxksa
dks 100 fnuksa ds jkstxkj ds dkuwuh vf/kdkj dk okLrfod ykHk
fey ik,xkA
lanHkZ %
¼1½ jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh vf/kfu;e 2005 ¼2005 dk
vf/kfu;e la[;kad 42½A
¼2½ jk"Vª h ; xz k eh.k jks t xkj xkja V h vf/kfu;e 2005
¼,u0vkj0bZ0th0,0½ fn'kk funsZ'k 2006] xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky;]
xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx] Hkkjr ljdkj] ubZ fnYyhA
¼3½ mRrjk[k.M jkT; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh ;kstuk 2006]
la[;k% 67@;w0 vks0 x1] 2006] nsgjknwu] 27] flrEcj 2006¼4½ ujsxk ,yVZ ,.M ,ukfyfll fjiksVZ] ekpZ 2009] ekpZ
2010] ekpZ 2011¼5½ ekfld izxfr fjiksVZ] eujsxk] ekpZ 2009] ekpZ 2010] ekpZ
2011-

 Research Link - An International Journal - 121  Vol - XIII (2)  April - 2014  112
An International,
Registered & Referred
Monthly Journal :
Research Link - 121, Vol - XIII (2), April - 2014, Page No. 113-114
RNI No. MPHIN-2002-7041, ISSN No.- 0973-1628
E conomics
DeewÅeeseif ekeâ Øee®he SJeb #es$eerÙe efJelejCe keâe DeOÙeÙeve
(efJekeâemeKeC[ ceeself eiejhegj-peveheo megueleevehegj (GòejØeosMe) kesâ efJeMes<e meboYe& ceW)
Øemlegle MeesOehe$e DeewÅeesefiekeâ Øee®he SJeb #es$eerÙe efJelejCe keâe DeOÙeÙeve, efJekeâemeKeC[ ceesefleiejhegj-pevehegj megueleevehegj
(GòejØeosMe) kesâ efJeMes<e meboYe& ceW efkeâÙee ieÙee nw~ DeOÙeÙeve mes mhe° neslee nw efkeâ nmlekeâuee hej DeeOeeefjle Iejsuet kegâšerj GÅeesieeW
kesâ Deefleefjòeâ DeOÙeÙeve #es$e ceW kegâÚ Deewj DevÙe Iejsuet SJeb kegâšerj Yeer heeÙes peeles nQ~ FveceW cegmenjeW Éeje heòeue yeveevee,
heLejkeâóe Éeje helLej keâer cetefle&, efmeue Deeefo yeveevee, vešeW Éeje Menj efvekeâeuevee GuuesKeveerÙe nw~ Ùen JÙeJemLee Fve peeefleÙeeW
kesâ peerefJekeâesheepe&ve keâe ØeOeeve œeesle nw~ Fve peeefleÙeeW keâer mLeeÙeer mebheefòe veneR kesâ yejeyej nw~ Ùes ØeeÙe: mLeeve heefjJeefle&le keâjles
jnles nQ, efpememes Fme JÙeJemeeÙe ceW DeefmLejlee jnleer nw leLee Fmekeâe mener DeebkeâÌ[W GheueyOe veneR nes heeles nQ~ mejkeâej Fvekesâ
mLeeÙeer efveJeeme ie=n kesâ Øeefle meÛesle nw, heefjCeecemJe®he FveceW mLeeefÙelJe keâer YeeJevee hevehe jner nw~
Jeervee GheeOÙeeÙe
d`f"k dk rhozre fodkl vdsy]s xzkeh.k lajpuk esa ifjorZu]
laLFkkxr lq/kkj rFkk vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk dks lqn`<+ ugha cuk ldrk]
D;ksfa d xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa csjkstxkjh] xjhch] vk; dk vleku forj.k
vkfn vusd leL;k,a gS]a ftudk lek/kku ek= [kk|kUu leL;k dk
gy ugha gSaA bu leL;kvksa ds fujkdj.k gsrq d`f"k ds vfrfjDr
xzkeh.k m|ksxksa dk Hkh fodkl vR;Ur vko';d gS] tks fd xzkeh.k
{ks=ksa esa mRikndrk dh o`f) ds lkFk gh lkFk jkstxkj voljksa esa
o`f) dj ldsA izkphu dky ls gh Hkkjr ds vkfFkZd fodkl esa y?kq
,oa dqVhj m|ksxksa dk izeq[k LFkku Fkk] ijUrq LorU=rk iwoZ vaxt
zs h
“kklu dh Hkh uhfr;k¡ blds vuqdy
w ugha FkhA vktknh ds ckn iqu%
bUgsa thfor djus dk iz;kl izkjEHk gqvk vkSj jk"Vªfirk egkRek
xk¡/kh us dgk ^^Hkkjr dk eks{k mlds dqVhj m|ksxksa esa fufgr gSA**
vkfFkZd] lkekftd rFkk jktuSfrd lHkh igyqvksa ls dqVhj ,oa y?kq
m|ksx ns'k ds vkfFkZd fodkl dh vk/kkjf'kyk iq"V djrs gSAa y?kq
m|ksx xzkeh.k Hkkjr dh {kerkvksa ,oa mlds Hkkoh fodkl dh dqUth
gSa] D;ksafd blds }kjk gh vfonksfgr lk/kuksa ds fonksgu rFkk
csjkstxkj O;fDr;ksa dh {kerkvksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
blh gsrq xk¡/kh th us Lons'kh vkUnksyu pykdj tu leqnk; dks
vius ns'k esa xzkeks|ksx }kjk fufeZr oLrqvksa ds iz;ksx ds fy, izfs jr
fd;k] ijUrq buds }kjk dfYir xzkeks|ksx ds Lo#i dh LFkkiuk
dh fn'kk esa visf{kr lQyrk izkIr ugha gks ldh] D;ksafd fu;kstu
ds izkjfEHkd le; esa cM+s m|ksxksa dks gh ojh;rk iznku dh x;hA
bu o`gn m|ksxksa us ns'k dh iw¡th ds vf/kdre~ Hkkx dk mi;ksx
djds vizR;{k :i ls csjkstxkjh rFkk vkfFkZd vlekurk dks c<+kok
fn;k gS rFkk xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa vf/kdka'k fodkl ckf/kr dj fn;k gSA
foRr&vk;ksx 1949&1950 us y?kq rFkk dqVhj m|ksxksa dh
ifjHkk"kk djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd ^^vxj dksbZ dkjhxj LOk;a ;k
ifjokj dh enn ls izeq[k ;k lgk;d :i esa fdlh oLrq dk
mRiknu djrk gS rks mls dqVhj m|ksx dgsaxsA** fiNys o"kkZsa esa
dqVhj ,oa y?kq m|ksxksa ds fodkl gsrq dsUnzh; ,oa jkT; Lrj ij
pyk;h x;h ;kstukvksa esa rhu fo'ks"k egRoiw.kZ gS %
¼1½ y?kq m|ksx fodkl laxBu 1954 dk eq[; mn~ns';
rduhdh lykg nsuk FkkA
¼2½ y?kq m|ksx fu;e 1955] bldk mn~ns'; NksVh&NksVh
vkS|ksfxd bdkb;ksa ds lgk;rkFkZ O;kikj dk;Z pykuk FkkA
¼3½ y?kq m|ksx izf'k{k.k laLFkku 1960 bl laxBu dks y?kq
m|ksx ds deZpkfj;ksa dks izf'kf{kr djus ds fy, LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA
blds vykok vf[ky Hkkjrh; dqVhj m|ksx cksMZ 1948] vf[ky
Hkkjrh; nLrdkj cksMZ 1952] vf[ky Hkkjrh; gFkdj?kk cksMZ 1952] y?kq
m|ksx cksMZ 1954] jk"Vªh; m|ksx fu;e 1955] xzkeks|ksx lfefr 1962]
xzkeh.k vkS|ksfxd ifj;kstuk rFkk ftyk m|ksx dsUnz dh LFkkiuk ,oa
15 vxLr 1979 dks ^^Vkblse** jk"Vªh; ;kstuk] lefUor xzkeh.k fodkl
;kstuk dk Jh x.ks'k blh ifjiz{s ; esa fd;k x;kA ns'k esa rhoz xzkeh.k
vkS|ksfxd fodkl yksxksa dh vkfFkZd LorU=rk ds fy, egRoiw.kZ dkjd
gSA xzkeh.k vkS|ksxhdj.k }kjk lkekU; tuthou ds {ks=h; vlekurk
dks nwj dj muds xzkeh.k lajpuk esa ifjorZu] laLFkkxr lq/kkj rFkk
vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk dks lqn<` + cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
fodkl[k.M eksfrxjiqj % iathd`r vkS|ksfxd bdkb;k¡
m|ks x
la [ ;k
dk;Z j r O;fDr
dkj[kkuk
&&
&&
y?kq m|ksx
08
26
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s
02
06
;ksx fo0[k0
10
32
MeesOeÚe$ee (DeLe&MeeŒe efJeYeeie), [e@.jece ceveesnj ueesefnÙee DeJeOe efJeÕeefJeÅeeueÙe, hewâpeeyeeo (GòejØeosMe)
 Research Link - An International Journal - 121  Vol - XIII (2)  April - 2014  113
orZ eku Lo#i %
[kfut lalk/ku foghu v/;;u {ks= dh vFkZO;oLFkk d`f"k
ij vk/kkfjr ,oa iw.kZr;k xzkeh.k gSA vr% m|ksxksa dk lhfer ek=k
esa NksVs Lrj ij ik;k tkuk LokHkkfod gSA ;gk¡ dk vkS|ksfxd
Hkw&n`'; d`f"k ij vkfJr vFkok ijks{k :i ls mlls lEcfU/kr y?kq
,oa dqVhj m|ksx] ikjEifjd :i ls gLr dkS'ky ij vk/kkfjr
?kjsyw dqVhj m|ksx ,oa ;tekuh i)fr ij pys vk jgs ijEijkxr
O;fDr;ksa }kjk fufeZr gSA vk/kqfud ;qx ds cnyrs ifjos'k esa d`f"k
ds vk/kqfudhdj.k rFkk fctyh ,oa [kfut rsy ds izpkj&izlkj ds
QyLo#i fodflr pkoy feysa ,oa vkVk pfDd;k¡ Hkh dsoy dqN
o"kksZa dh nsu gSA v/;;u izns'k esa vkS|ksfxd bdkb;ksa dks] xgu
fo'ys"k.k ds fy, nks oxksZa esa foHkDr fd;k x;k gS %
¼1½ xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa ijEIkjkxr] gLrfyfi] NksVs ,oa dqVhj
m|ksxA ¼2½ vk/kqfud y?kq Lrjh; m|ksxA
{ks=h; forj.k %
eksfrxjiqj fodkl[k.M vkS|ksfxd n`f"V ls ,d fiNM+k {ks=
gS] ftldk dkj.k vkfFkZd Lrj dh U;wure~] turk dh vkRe
dsUnzh;rk ,oa lcls izeq[k dkj.k jktuSfrd laj{k.k dk vHkko gSA
lEiw.kZ {ks= esa cM+s iSekus dh ,d Hkh bdkbZ ugha gSA vkadM+kas ls Li"V
gS fd fodkl[k.M esa m|ksxksa dh lcls n;uh; n'kk gSA dsoy 26
O;fDr gh y?kq Lrjh; m|ksxksa esa layXu gSA o"kZ 2001 dh
tux.kuk ds vuqlkj f}rh;d deZdjksa dk vuqikr 1-01 izfr'kr
gS] ftlesa gFkdj?kk] rFkk ikfjokfjd m|ksxksa esa layXu tula[;k
dh x.kuk dh x;h gSA v/;;u {ks= esa f}rh;d deZdjksa dk vkSlr
tuin ,oa izns'k ls de gSA v/;;u {ks=ksa esa fo|eku y?kq ,oa
dqVhj m|ksxksa ds {ks=h; forj.k&izk#i dk fo'ys"k.k fuEuor~ gS%
d`f"k ;U= fuekZ.k m|ksx %
d`f"k ;U= fuekZ.k m|ksx y?kq Lrj ij fodkl[k.M eq[;ky;ksa
ij fLFkr gSAa ;gk¡ d`f"k dk;Z ds fy, gy] Fkszlj] ia[kk ,oa vU;
NksV&
s NksVs midj.k fo|qr }kjk lapkfyr ysUFk e'khu ,oa osfYMax ds
ek/;e ls cuk;s tkrs gSAa bl izdkj ds y?kq m|ksxksa ls ;qDr 10 vf/
kokl gS] ftuesa dqy 18 bdkb;k¡ dk;Zjr gSAa buds vUrxZr d`f"k
;U=ksa ds vfrfjDr vU; ;U=ksa dh ejEer ,oa iDds edku esa iz;Dq r
gksus okys yksgs dh f[kM+dh] jks'kunku vkfn dk fuekZ.k Hkh gksrk gSA
d`f"k ds mi;ksx esa vkus okys NksV&
s NksVs ;U=ksa dk fuekZ.k xzkE; Lrj
ij yksgkj ,oa c<+bZ tkfr ds yksx djrs gSAa ,sls ;U=ksa esa NksV&
s NksVs
vkStkj tSl&
s dqnky] [kqjih] gafl;k] xM+klk vkfn lfEefyr gSAa
[kk|kUu ij vk/kkfjr y?kq m|ksx %
;gk¡ 65 xk¡oksa esa 80 vkVk pDdh rFkk 15 xk¡oksa esa 17 y?kq
/kku e'khusa LFkkfir gSaA vf/kdka'k vkVk ,oa /kku dqVkbZ dh e'khusa
lkFk&lkFk gSaA blds vfrfjDr {ks= esa ek= 3 cM+s Lrj dh pkoy
feysa Hkh gSaA pkoy feyksa esa /kku dh dqVkbZ dk dk;Z ek= 3 ;k 4
eghusa gh pyrk gSA dqN lEiUu ifjokj gkyj }kjk VSªDVj ls
/kku dh dqVkbZ djrs gSaA
rsy isjus dh e'khu %
v/;;u {ks= esa isjkbZ dk dk;Z 25 xzke lHkkvksa esa 28 e'khuksa
}kjk lEiUu gksrk gSA oSls ;s rsy e'khusa cgqr NksVs Lrj dh gS]a ftuesa
dsoy ?kjsyw vko';drk dh iwfrZ gksrh gSA izk;% lHkh rsy e'khusa vkVk
pDdh ds lkFk gh LFkkfir gSAa {ks= esa [kk|kUu Qlyksa dh izeq[krk
ds dkj.k d`"kd lhfer {ks= esa frygu dh d`f"k djrs gSAa
xqM+ ,oa [kkWM+lkjh m|ksx %
;g v/;;u {ks= dk vR;Ur izkphu dqVhj gSA bl m|ksx esa
{ks= ds d`"kd rFkk d`"kd etnwj dk;Z djrs gSaA ;g d`f"k dk gh
,d vax cu x;k gSA {ks= ds izR;sd xkaoksa esa xUuk dh d`f"k dh
tkrh gS vkSj d`"kd dksYgw }kjk mldh isjkbZ djds iqu% idkdj
mlls xqM+ ,oa [kkWM+lkjh cukrs gSaA bldh izR;sd xk¡o esa vusd
bdkbZ;k¡ gSAa cM+s iSekus ij dk;Z djus okyh bdkbZ;ksa dh deh gSaA
bZaV fuekZ.k m|ksx %
xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa Hkh iDds edkuksa ds fuekZ.k esa rhoz o`f) ds
lkFk v/;;u {ks= esa bZaV fuekZ.k m|ksx esa i;kZIr fodkl gqvk gSA
bl le; {ks= esa 07 HkV~Bs gSaA O;fDrxr losZ{k.k ds vk/kkj ij ;g
rF; Li"V gqvk fd bl m|ksx }kjk {ks=h; Jfedksa dks oLrqr%
cgqr de jkstxkj fey ikrk gSA blesa dk;Z djus okys vf/kdka'k
Jfed jk¡ph ¼fcgkj½ ds vkfnoklh {ks= ls vkrs gSAa ;g m|ksx o"kZ
esa 4&5 ekg cUn jgrk gS ftlls Jfedksa dks ekSleh csjkstxkjh dh
leL;k dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA
gLrdyk ij vk/kkfjr vU; ?kjsyw dqVhj m|ksx %
bfrgkl lk{kh gS fd izkphu dky esa Hkkjr gLrdyk ds {ks=
esa fo'o izfl) Fkk vkSj vkt Hkh xzkeh.k {ks=ksa dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa
fu/kZu ifjokjksa ds thfodksiktZu ds vk/kkj Lo#i rFkk mudh
vkfFkZd {kerk esa lkekU; o`f) ds fy, gLr dkS'ky ij vk/kkfjr
?kjsyw dqVhj m|ksx egRoiw.kZ gSaA
chM+h m|ksx %
v/;;u {ks= ds 05 xk¡oksa ds 15 fu/kZu ifjokj chM+h cukus ds dk;Z
esa layXu gSAa blesa xjhc ifjokj ds vkSjrksa ,oa NksVs cPpksa dks jkstxkj
feyus ds lkFk gh ifjokj ds vU; lnL;ksa dks vius [kkyh le; esa
vfrfjDr vk; vftZr djus dk volj miyC/k gks tkrk gSA fufeZr
eky dh [kri NksV&
s NksVs xzkeh.k lsok dsUnzkas ij gks tkrh gSA
fu"d"kZ %
mi;qZDr v/;;u djus ds i'pkr~ ;g fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS
fd gLrdyk ij vk/kkfjr ?kjsyw dqVhj m|ksxksa ds vfrfjDr
v/;;u {ks= esa dqN vkSj vU; ?kjsyw ,oa dqVhj m|ksx Hkh ik;s tkrs
gSaA eqlgjksa }kjk iRry cukuk] /kjdkj ,oa Mkse }kjk ckal dh
Vksdjh cukuk] iFkjdV~Vk }kjk iRFkj dh ewfrZ] fly vkfn cukuk]
uVksa }kjk 'kgn fudkyuk Hkh mYys[kuh; gSA ;g O;oLFkk bu
tkfr;ksa ds thfodksiktZu dk iz/kku lzkrs gSA bu tkfr;ksa dh LFkkbZ
lEifRr ugha ds cjkcj gSA ;s izk;% LFkku ifjorZu djrs jgrs gSa
ftlls bl O;olk; esa vfLFkjrk jgrh gS rFkk bldk lgh vkadM+k
miyC/k ugha gks ikrk gSA ljdkj buds LFkk;h fuokl x`g ds izfr
lps"V gS] ifj.kkeLo#i buesa LFkkf;Ro dh Hkkouk iui jgh gSA
lUnHkZ %
(1) Behari, Bipin. : "Rural Industrialisation in India" Vikas
Publication House, Pvt., Ltd. New Delhi (1976), P.-3. ¼2½ flag]
pj.k % ^^Hkkjr dh vFkZuhfr xk¡/kh oknh :ijs[kk** 1979] i`0 73&78(3) Statement fo Industrial Policy : "Ministry of UIndustrial Development", Government of India, New Delhi, (1978). ¼4½ ;kstuk
vk;ksx % 1979] i`0 375-

 Research Link - An International Journal - 121  Vol - XIII (2)  April - 2014  114