Isla del Coco - Organization for Tropical Studies

BIBLIOTECA - BINABITROP
Bibliografía sobre el Parque Nacional Isla del Coco
(incluye la Placa de Cocos)
Editores:
Gilbert Fuentes González
Ana Beatriz Azofeifa Mora
Susana Aguilar Zumbado
Serie: Bibliografías OET #3
OET-Ciudad de la Investigación
2005
PRESENTACIÓN
Para quienes soñaron con leyendas y aventuras épicas, la Isla del Coco recobró, en las
postrimerías del siglo XIX su atención; esto obedece, en parte, a los relatos de una novela infantil del
escritor británico Robert Louis Stevenson, conocida como LA ISLA DEL TESORO, publicada en 1881. La
obra desarrolla su trama en una remota isla del océano Pacífico, en Suramérica. El narrador argumenta,
a partir de ciertas divagaciones, lo siguiente: ".. me han solicitado que escriba todos los detalles
referentes a la Isla del Tesoro, de principio a fin, sin omitir otra cosa que la localización de la isla, por
cuanto aun quedan allí tesoros por desenterrar, tomo la pluma en el año de gracia de 17... y regreso a
la época... " (Stevenson, 1998:11). No obstante, podríamos ubicarnos en otros sitios -además de Cococomo en la Isla de Pascua o Juan Fernández pertenecientes a Chile y a Galápagos, propiedad del
Ecuador.
Mucha imaginación navegó por esas mentes infantiles y ambiciosas a la vez. Situada en el
Océano Pacífico, a unos 535 km del puerto de Puntarenas, en Costa Rica y con dirección suroeste.. Con
una localización geográfica, según latitud norte, de 5°30' y 5°33' y longitud oeste de 87°03' y 87°06', la
Isla del Coco, comprende una extensión de 24 km² en su porción terrestre y de 972,35 en su sección
marina (FUNDEVI, PROAMBI, ICT y SPN, 1995).
Fue declarada por la UNESCO Patrimonio Natural de la Humanidad, en 1997, y humedal con
importancia internacional en virtud de la Convención Ramsar de 1998. Entre sus peculiaridades destaca
el hecho de ser la única elevación del relieve submarino hallada en la Placa del Coco que sobresale de la
cadena volcánica extendida desde el archipiélago de las Galápagos hasta la Fosa Mesoamericana, al
oeste del Istmo de Centroamérica (Geoistmo, 1988).
En lo referente a la situación político-administrativa, es propiedad de Costa Rica y, según la
Constitución Política, reformada y vigente desde 1949: "La Isla del Coco situada en el Océano Pacífico,
forma parte del territorio nacional... ". Es, en su artículo quinto que, por primera vez y de forma
explícita, se indica su importancia territorial, aun cuando se tenga noticia de que, en la segunda mitad
del siglo XIX, ya había sido reclamada por autoridades costarricenses (Arias Sánchez, 1997).
Aunque hasta el presente, no se tengan evidencias arqueológicas que den fe del poblamiento de
esta isla por parte de grupo indígena alguno, desde el siglo XVI se tienen referencias de la presencia
humana en esta ínsula. Más tarde, se llamaría Isla del Coco y sobre todo por el paso ocasional de
tripulantes de navíos castellanos e ingleses que se aventuraban a través del océano Pacífico, para
circunvalar costas americanas (Quesada Monge, 1998). Asimismo, en viejos mapas de principios del
siglo XVII, el célebre cosmógrafo flamenco Gerard Mercator, en sus cartas para la navegación marítima,
Atlas Minor, establecería, con certeza, la ubicación de la Isla, pero bajo el nombre de Santa Cruz (Arias
Sánchez, 1997). Dentro del juego de intereses de algunas potencias europeas con capacidad naval para
recorrer territorios de ultramar, lejos de sus centros de poder (reinos), la cartografía fue una
herramienta estratégica; por ello, no nos sorprende que Coco aparezca desde ese período en tales
documentos. Además, por su proximidad con el archipiélago de las Galápagos -a unas 320 millas
náuticas- se convirtió en punto de referencia para navegantes. Posteriormente, Galápagos sería un sitio
importante, en especial, debido a la presencia del naturalista inglés Charles Darwin, quien replanteó a
partir de sus investigaciones en el sitio, las teorías acerca del origen de las especies y su evolución
natural.
Por otra parte, se afirma que, entre los años 1680 y 1725, se desarrolló la edad de oro de la
piratería (National Geographic, 1999: 64), por tanto, las aguas del Caribe y el Atlántico americano
formarían parte de esta situación histórica que también operó para otros mares del mundo conocidos
hasta ese momento. No es de extrañar que galeones, con cargamentos muy valiosos de la Corona
Castellana en América -sobre todo en el Caribe-, fueran flanco constante del ataque de corsarios y
piratas, entre ellos, ingleses, holandeses y franceses (Solórzano Fonseca, 1993). Esta conflictiva
realidad, aunque con sus respectivas variantes y, en menor escala, va a escenificarse en el Pacífico.
Para los siglos XVII y XVIII, los ingleses comenzarían a tener una participación significativa en
estos mares; ya por el año 1683, el famoso navegante James Cook estuvo en Coco. Estas travesías,
como es de esperar, tocarían otros puntos de la geografía americana, como parte de expediciones que
duraban meses y hasta años. Con base en lo anterior, se sabe que los británicos tenían en el Caribe
control sobre Jamaica, después lo harían sobre Belice (Quesada Monge, 1998) y, periódicamente, sobre
las islas de la Bahía (Honduras) y la Mosquitia en Nicaragua. Ello les permitió establecer una creciente
actividad comercial y de intercambio de productos, ya fuera legal o ilegalmente, con áreas
jurisdiccionales de las provincias adscritas al Reino de Guatemala u otras capitanías y virreinatos
(Haring, 1972); (Parry, 1979).
Durante el período colonial hispanoamericano, es decir, entre los siglos XVI hasta el XIX, la
Audiencia de Lima, centro del Virreinato del Perú, ubicada en la Cordillera de Los Andes y emplazada
hacia el litoral Pacífico, fue la más próspera. Esta se transformó en bastión de resistencia real contra los
propósitos de los criollos (Skidmore and Smith, 1992:185-189). De sus suntuosas catedrales barrocas según relatos- fueron robados gran cantidad de objetos sagrados para luego ser embarcados con destino
1
incierto. Los saqueadores pactaban con sus patrocinadores en la distribución de los botines, aunque en
ocasiones se arrepentían y cambiaban los rumbos de sus naves y cargamentos. Al calor de estos oscuros
acontecimientos, va a desarrollarse el supuesto robo de unos tesoros sagrados en la ciudad de Lima, que
serían más tarde enterrados en la Isla del Coco por un pirata llamado Morgan. No obstante y para
desencanto de los amigos de fábulas, se afirma que el enigmático pirata, a quien se le endosa la
aventura, nunca estuvo en la Isla (Weston, 1990).
Entre realidades y leyendas, Coco vio llegar a sus costas, buscadores de tesoros espectaculares;
de esta forma, a finales del siglo XIX y-gran parte del XX, los ávidos de riquezas llegaron al sitio, sin
aparente saldo favorable, según algunos entendidos en el asunto. Es importante señalar que, en 1995,
el Gobierno de la República de Costa Rica, por medio del Decreto Ejecutivo N° 23461, prohibió las
expediciones con tales propósitos, para desaliento de los lectores que, alguna vez, hubieran albergado
esta idea en su mente.
El relato anterior está tomado de: Rodríguez, J. 2002. La isla del Coco: entre realidad y
leyenda Herencia (Costa Rica) 14( 2): 11-16.
A continuación presentamos un extracto del Plan General de Manejo del Parque Nacional Isla del
Coco, elaborado en 1995 por un grupo interdisciplinario de investigadores de la Universidad de Costa
Rica, con el patrocinio de FUNDEVI, PROAMBI, ICT y el SPN.
Como se mencionó, esta isla oceánica mide aproximadamente 24 km² de superficie. Sin
embargo, este Parque Nacional comprende también 972,35 km² de ambientes marinos. Dichos
ambientes constituyen la principal motivación para visitar la isla. Sus paisajes submarinos, con
abundante y colorida vida, aguas cálidas y una visibilidad normalmente mayor de 25 o 30 m, la
convierten en un destino internacionalmente famoso para bucear con equipo scuba.
La posibilidad de observar muy de cerca animales marinos de gran tamaño como grupos de
tiburones de aleta de puntas blancas y tiburones martillo que, además, no muestran la agresividad que
normalmente exhiben en otras regiones, constituyen un fuerte atractivo. Igual interés despierta la
expectativa de un encuentro ocasional con algún tiburón ballena, una manta raya o un grupo de
delfines.
Esta no es, sin embargo, la única faceta que distingue a la Isla del Coco. Históricamente ofrece
un rico panorama de leyendas de piratas, de tesoros escondidos y de hombres que dedicaron su vida a
buscar un mítico botín. Las numerosas inscripciones que en ella se encuentran dan cuenta del papel que
como punto estratégico, de refugio y de abastecimiento de agua potable, jugó la Isla desde el siglo XVII.
Su misma toponimia hace referencia a muchos aventureros que en épocas pasadas se acercaron a ella.
Son testimonio del primer esfuerzo colonizador llevado a cabo en este territorio las plantas de café y los
árboles de aguacate sembrados por Augusto Gissler. En Punta Presidio aun se pueden observar
fragmentos de barro cocido que recuerdan la función de penal que una vez cumplió la Isla.
Cuenta, además con cinco especies endémicas de vertebrados que le dan un valor único: el
anolis del Coco (Norops townsendi, Iguanidae), el geko (Sphaerodactylus pacificus, Gekkonidae), el
cuclillo (Coccyzus ferrugineus, Cuculidae), el mosquerito (Nesotriccus ridgwayi, Tyrannidae) y el pinzón
(Pinaroloxias inornata, Emberizidae). Un buen número de especies de aves marinas anidan en los islotes
que la rodean.
Como otras islas oceánicas, la Isla del Coco se caracteriza por una flora empobrecida con
respecto a la del continente, pero un alto porcentaje de estas especies son endémicas. Las plantas más
comunes son el palo de hierro (Sacoglottis holdridgei, Humiriaceae) y el aguacatón (Ocotea ira,
Lauraceae). En el sotobosque son dominantes la ciperácea Hypolitrum amplissimum y varias especies de
helechos, especialmente dos arborescentes (Cyathea alfonsiana y C. holdridgeana).
Las comunidades de peces son muy diversas y tienen gran importancia biológica y científica. Allí
se encuentran algunos de los arrecifes más extensos y ricos en especies del Pacífico Oriental, es lugar de
reunión de animales pelágicos y de animales de arrecifes y es el primer punto terrestre del Pacífico
Americano que es alcanzado por la Contracorriente Norecuatorial. Asimismo, es probable que la Isla sea
centro de distribución de organismos a otras islas de la región, como a las Galápagos y a las costas de
América.
Pese a que actualmente no se detectan daños importantes causados por el buceo recreativo,
ante la expectativa de que aumente el número de visitantes, se deben adoptar las medidas necesarias.
Los recursos pesqueros aparentan ser muy abundantes, pero su biomasa total podría ser limitada,
debido a que se concentra en una pequeña área que coincide, precisamente, con la de interés turístico.
Los arrecifes coralinos muestran signos de estar recuperándose del fenómeno de El Niño 198283, sin embargo, también es evidente el intenso proceso de bioerosión que llevan a cabo los erizos de
mar. En algunas localidades, como Bahía Chatham, las colonias de corales se quiebran con facilidad, por
lo que si aumenta el número de buzos, aumentarán las probabilidades de destruir ese arrecife. Igual
protección merecen Punta Presidio y Bahía Iglesias.
2
Desde el punto de vista de la conservación terrestre, la principal actividad que se debe
desarrollar es la eliminación de los cerdos cimarrones y de aquellas plantas introducidas, como el café, el
achiote, los mangos y otras especies. También debe tenerse mucho cuidado con el ingreso de turistas,
especialmente a sitios muy sensibles o donde hay comunidades sin perturbar, como en el Cerro Iglesias.
Socioeconómicamente, la Isla del Coco se ve sometida a presiones provenientes de los sectores
pesca y turismo. En cuanto al primero, no existen registros o estudios específicos, que logren cuantificar
su impacto real. A lo sumo hay un registro de las embarcaciones observadas en las cercanías del Parque,
pero sin información con respecto a la cantidad y especies capturadas. Para controlar esta actividad, es
imperativo regular la captura en la zona de amortiguamiento, lo cual, garantizará un aprovechamiento
sostenible del recurso. En cuanto al segundo, en la parte terrestre es poco probable que el nivel de
afluencia actual sobrepase el impacto causado antes: la presencia de personas data de hace dos siglos,
la cacería de especies nativas es inexistente y las zonas deforestadas por la colonia de pioneros están en
proceso de recuperación. En cambio, en el ambiente marino la afluencia de buzos, de operadores
turísticos especializados y de aquellos que practican la pesca deportiva está aumentando
considerablemente.
De 1985 a 1993 se ha registrado un aumento de la afluencia de usuarios, numero que
posiblemente sea mayor en los próximos años. Además, se prevé un incremento en la pesca deportiva
(pez vela, marlin, tiburón), por lo que es imprescindible establecer lineamientos específicos que regulen
esta actividad en las áreas aledañas a la Isla, que deben fungir como zona de amortiguamiento. Este
plan de manejo se dirige a la planificación del uso público de la isla. A grandes rasgos, sugiere darle un
seguimiento continuo a las tendencias de los patrones de afluencia de turistas; proteger, en su totalidad
la plataforma insular, proteger áreas sensibles; eliminar las especies exóticas, darle un adecuado
manejo a los recursos pesqueros, promover la investigación científica en la isla, y revisar, de forma
integral los aspectos jurídicos emitidos para la isla, a nivel de Decreto Ejecutivo. Finalmente, propone
que la franja de 7.2 km, entre el anillo de protección absoluta (15 km) y el límite de los 222 km que
constituyen el Mar Territorial, se consideren como zona de amortiguamiento del Parque.
La Biblioteca de la Organización para Estudios Tropicales (OET), con satisfacción presenta esta
bibliografía especializada correspondiente al período 1840-2005, para dar a conocer las publicaciones
realizadas por investigadores de muchas nacionalidades acerca del Parque Nacional Isla del Coco.
La información para elaborar esta bibliografía procede de su Base de Datos BINABITROP
(Bibliografía Nacional en Biología Tropical), la cual está accesible en línea en la siguiente dirección URL:
http://www.ots.ac.cr/binabitrop/
Los editores agradecerán la amable colaboración de los lectores que nos hagan llegar
referencias, separatas, o documentos pdf que no estén contemplados en esta bibliografía, o que citamos
como No disponible, con lo cual queremos indicar que no hemos podido localizar el documento en
ninguna biblioteca de Costa Rica. Pueden enviarlos al Apartado Postal 676-2050 San Pedro de Montes de
Oca, Costa Rica, o a nuestra sede en la Ciudad de la Investigación de la Universidad de Costa Rica.
Agradecemos la colaboración de Kattia Méndez por la elaboración de la portada y a J.J. Pucci
por la bella fotografía de la Isla del Coco.
Gilbert Fuentes González
Ana Beatriz Azofeifa Mora
Editores
Susana Aguilar Zumbado
Ciudad de la Investigación, 6 de diciembre de 2005
3
INDICE DE AUTORES
4
ABBOTT, L
516
367, 425, 426, 427, 428,
429, 430, 431
ABELE, L.G
97, 322
ANTROBUS, E
459
ABERS, G.A
571, 574
AQASSIZ, A
432
ABRATIS, M
540, 544
ARIAS-SANCHEZ, R.F
478
ACEVEDO-GUTIERREZ, A
128, 132, 146, 148, 176,
177, 190, 198, 199, 227,
310, 313
ARRIAGADA, J.E
247
ACKERMAN, J.D
181
ADAMS, C.D
136
ADAMS, P.A
93
AHMED, I
566
AIELLO, A [Ed.]
134
AKBAR, F.E
530
ALBORNOZ, L
231
ALEXANDER, C.P
91
ALLEN, G.R
315, 365, 502
BARTRAM, E.B
335, 460
BASS, A.L
331
BATIZA, R
407
ARTAVIA-ZAMORA, G
244
ASHLOCK, P.D
39
ATWOOD, J.T
117, 184
AULT, J.S
195
BAUR, G
332
BEAVER, R.A
324
BECK, R.H
461
BEEBE, W
458, 462
BELLAMY, C.L
101
BELLON, H
408
AVISE, J.C
155
BERNECKER-LUCKING, A
173, 192, 200
BACA, D
527
BERTSCH, H
32
BAERT, L
269
BIALAS, J
575
BAKER, H.B
85
BICKEL, D.J
373
BAKER, R.A
89
BILEK, S.L
546, 558
BAKUS, G.J
4, 403
BILLEB, S.L
11
ALVARADO-BARRIENTOS,
J.J
301
BANFORD, H.M
221
ALVARADO-INDUNI, G.E
563
BANKS, N
40, 58
ALVES, M.V
253
BAPTISTA, L.F
10, 395
ANCEY, C.F
433
BARANOV, B
555
ANDERSON, I
424
BARCKHAUSEN, U
522, 550
ANDERSON, R.C
34
BARNARD, J.L
443
ANDERSON, R.S
197, 232
BARQUERO, J
407
ANDERSON, S
413
BARRIE, F.R
290
ANONYMOUS
BARRIENTOS-LLOSA, Z
243
BIOLLEY, P
79
BLICHERT-TOFT, J
405
BLOMBERG, S.P
345
BLUM, N
322
BLUSZTAJN, J
578
BOHRMANN, G
555
BOLGE, L.L
261
BOSCHINI, I.M
514, 539
5
BOUCAUD, J
CARR, M.J
261
410
453
BOWEN, B.W
155, 331
BUNTING, G.S
51
BOWMAN, R.I
11
BURCH, R.D
506
BOWMAN, T.E
400
BURGER, W.C
87, 89
BOYKO, C.B
347
BURGER, W.C (Ed.)
184
BOZA-LORIA, M.A
182
BURNS, K.J
344
BRADBURY, M.G
398, 412
BUSSING-BURHAUS, W.A
26, 119, 133, 140, 141,
162
CHAMBERLIN, R.V
45
BYERS, G.W
55
CHAN, L.H
543, 554, 578
CAGE, B
386
CHANEY, H.W
265, 267, 283
CAILLEAU, B
555
CHARVIS, P
575, 576
CAIRNS, S.D
201, 376, 393
CHEMSAK, J.A
47, 48, 108, 238, 239
CALAMBOKIDIS, J
421
CHETWOOD, J
456
CALDERON, C
530
CHILD, C.A
266
CALDOW, C
222
CHOE, J.C
19, 134
CALONGE, F.D
245, 300
CHRISTESON, G.L
530, 532
CALVO-FERLLINI, M.A
278
CHUBB, L.J
463
CAMACHO, E
539
CHURCH, G.E
70
CAMACHO-GARCIA, Y.E
274
CIMINI, G.B
523
CAMP, D.K
251
CLARK, H.L
442
CAMPBELL, M., (SIR)
499, 500
CLARK, L
464
CANOVA, P
409
CLEGG, S.M
345
CANTERA, K.J.R
394
CLIFT, P.D
578
CARDONE, B.J
187
CLOVER, S.T
501
CARPENTER, C.C
109
COAN, E.V
287
BRATCHER, T
379, 506
BRAWNER, G
485
BREEDY-SHADID, O
248
BRENES-ROJAS, M.C
154
BRENNAN, B
146
BRIGGS, J.C
360, 361
BRIGGS, M
457
BRIGHT, D.E
18
BROCK, V.E
357
BROENKOW, W.W
307
BROLEMANN, H.W
57
BROOKFIELD, M
363
BROWN, J.W
139, 147, 186
BRYCE, J
537
BUCK, W.R
234
BUCKLEY, F.G (Ed.)
71
BUCKLEY, P.A (Ed.)
71
CARRANZA-VELAZQUEZ, J
245, 300
CARRIER, J.C
270
CARRIKER, M.A., JR
60
CASTILLO, P.R
24, 407
CHABOO, C.S
236
BUNKER, N.C
6
COATES, A.G
526
COLLETTE, B.B
221
COLOMBO, D
523
COOK, O.F
362, 465, 466
COOLIDGE, A
455
CORDEIRO, J.R
347
CORDOBA-MUNOZ, R
230
CORDOBA-MUÑOZ, R
(Ed.)
183
124, 130, 189, 192, 292
420
DAVIS, D.R
125
EBERHARD-CRABTREE,
W.G
8, 126
DAWSON, C.E
90
DE ARMAS, L.F
294
DE FRANCO, R
523
DE MONTMORENCY, H
481
DE SHON, H.R
558, 561
DEAN, R
299
EERNISSE, D.J
279
EISENMANN, E
470
EMERSON, W.K
445, 447
EMERY, C
469
ENGEL, A.E.J
416
ENGEL, C.G
416
DEICHMANN, E
504
CORTES-NUÑEZ, J
9, 15, 27, 135, 160, 161,
164, 165, 171, 301
DESHON, H.R
567, 568
CREMERS, G
181
DIAZ, H(ILL.)
154
CROLL, D.A
369
DIXON, T.H
406, 567, 573
CROW, G.E
250
DOBBELER, P
168
CRUM, H
349
DODSON, C.H
181
CUBERO-PARDO, P
196
DOMINGUEZ, J
514
CURRAN, C.H
508
DONAHUE, J.P
139
CUSHMAN, J.A
491, 496
DONLAN, J
227
CUTLER, E.B
149
DONNELL-SMITH, J
59
CUTLER, N.J
149
DORMAN, L.M
567
CWIKLA, P.S
49
DORST, J
377
D'ATTILIO, A
102, 103, 252, 382
DRISCOLL, C.B
467
DALL, W.H
76, 505
DUARTE, M
527
DAMPIER, W
498
DUDZIK, K.J
120
DANOBEITIA, J.J
551
DURHAM, J.W
443, 468
DAUPHIN-LOPEZ, G
DWYER, J.D
ESPINOSA, A.F
539
EVERSON, G
381, 509
FADEN, R.B
250
FEE, F.D
64
FEIGENSON, M.D
261
FEKETE, N
560
FERGASON, R.L
574
FERNANDEZ, E
407
FERNANDEZ-LEIVA, S
203
FERRARO, L.I
159
FERREIRA, A.J
94
FIGUEROA, F
356
FISHER, A.T
561
FISHER, D.M
519, 535, 569, 570, 572
FLUEH, E.R
527, 531, 532, 533, 548,
551, 567, 575
FLUEHL, E
530
7
FOGDEN, M.P.L(PHOT.)
228
GENTRY, A.H
293
GREVEMEYER, I
560
FOGDEN, P(PHOT.)
228
GERRODETTE, T
421
GRIGARICK, A.A
503
FOIN, T.C
339
GIFFORD, E.W
473, 474
GRIGG, R.W
326
FOREL, A
471, 472
GISSLER, A
451
GROVES, L.T
282, 374
FOSTER, M.S (Ed.)
71
GLASSTETTER, M
112
GUENDEL-UMANA, F.D
511, 529
FRANCKE, O.F
6
GLEASON, H.A
61, 423
GUEYDON, H.L. (CONDE
DE)
454
FRASER, C.M
441, 494, 495
GLYNN, P.W
164, 195, 304
FREYTAG, P.H
49
GOEDDE, H
532
FRISCH, W
556
GOLDBLATT, P
250
FRITTS, P.R (Ed.)
336
GOMEZ, M
525
FRITTS, T.H (Ed.)
336
GOMEZ-LAURITO, J
250
GALEOTTI, S
557
GOMEZ-PIGNATARO, L.D
22, 33, 35, 37, 38, 53
GALEWSKY, J
516
GONZALEZ, V
567
GANS, P.B
563
GRADSTEIN, S.R
124, 192
GARBE-SCHONBERG, D
537
GRAFE, K
556
GARCIA-CASTRO, J.B
181
GRANT, B.R
226, 303, 346, 356, 358
GARCIA-CRUZ, J
181
GRANT, J.S
250
GARDNER, T.W
519, 535, 569, 570, 572
GRANT, P.R
226, 303, 346, 356, 358
GARRISON, G
194
GRANT, W.S
331
GARRISON, V.H
123
GRAYBEAL, A
122
GARTH, J.S
493
GRAYUM, M.H
250
GASTONY, G.J
355
GRAYUM, M.H (Ed.)
250, 289
GELDMACHER, J
405
GREEN, E.P
450
GENNERICH, H.H
560
GREENFIELD, D.W
364
GUYER, C
17
GUZMAN-ESPINAL, H.M
135, 171, 248
HACKER, B.R
559, 571, 574
HACKETT, S.J
344
HAGSATER, E
181
HAGSATER, E (Ed.)
181
HALFFTER-SALAS, G
510
HALSTEAD, B.W
453, 475
HAMILTON, C.W
291
HAMILTON, T.H
337
HAMMEL, B.E
250
HAMMEL, B.E (Ed.)
250, 289
HANAN, B.B
405
HANCOCK, R.H
452
HANNA, G.D
476, 490
HARDING, J
127
HARPP, K.S
273, 405
8
HARRIS, S.C
HUTSELL, K.C
263, 264
142
257
HARTMAN, O
436, 437
HERRING, J.L
422
HARTSHORN, G.S
23
HERTLEIN, L.G
333, 434, 477, 490
HARVEY, A.W
178
HERTZ, C.M
214
HASHIMOTO, H
98
HERTZ, J
217, 218
HASTINGS, P.A
254, 387
HEY, R
326
HATAI, K.M
320
HEYMAN, H
75
HATCH, L.U (Ed.)
182
HINZ, K
538
HAUFF, F
405, 550
HIRSCHMANN, W
114, 152
HEARD, R.W
309
HOBSON, E.S
341
HEATH, R
555
HOERNLE, K
255, 273, 405, 524, 537,
550
JOHNSON, R.K
341
HOESE, D.F
224, 225
JORDAL, B.H
166, 324
HOFFMAN, R.L
99
JULIANO, S
261
HOGUE, C.L
30, 42
JUNG, C
555
HOLLMANN, M
258
KAHN, L.M
516, 518
HOLLOWAY, S.D
574
KAISER, K.L
7, 208, 212, 213, 214,
215, 216, 217, 218, 286
HEBARD, M
80, 81
HEESCHEN, K
555
HEESEMANN, M
560
HEEZEN, B.C
512
HELLER, E
359
HENDRICKX, M.E
207
HENSEN, C
577
HENSLEY, D
364
HENSOLD, N
250
HEPPNER, J.B
74
HERNANDEZ, G (Ed.)
230
HERRERA, G.A
314
HERRERA-MORA, C (Ed.)
250, 289
IIJIMA, B
411
INGALLS, V.A
13
IRMLER, U
385
ITURRIAGA, T
245
IWAMOTO, T
275, 276
JANZEN, D.H
31
JENSSEN, T.A
308
HOLZENTHAL, R.W
142
HORT, M
555
JIMENEZ, M
167
JOHNSON, C
5
KAPLAN, I.R
334
KASTNER, M
578
HOVORE, F.T
238, 239
HUBER, B.A
163, 172
KAUL, N
560
KEIGWIN, L.D., JR
306
HUHNERBACK, V
555
HURTADO DE MENDOZA, L
121
HUSEN, S
559
KELLER, G
211
KELLY, R.K
565, 578
KELMO, F
229
HUTNAK, M
561
KENNEDY, H
250
HERRERA-VASQUEZ, J
9
KERR, A.C
405
LABADAN, R.M
43
LOOMIS, H.F
107
KESSING, B.D
122, 388
LACK, D
319
LOURENÇO, W.R
95, 389
KIKKAWA, J
345
LAFOLLETTE, P.I
401
LUCKING, A
124, 144, 150
KIM, K.C
64
LAHMANN-ZELEDON, E.J
230
LUCKING, R
118, 144, 150, 159, 169,
170, 188
KIM, W
97
LALICKER, C.G
492
KIRKENDALL, L.R
324
LANDRY, B
240
KISER, S.B
370
LANTERI, A.A
197
KISSLING, E
559
LANYON, W.E
12
KLAPFER, A(IL.)
194
LATTIG-MATIZ, P
201
KLAUSNITZER, B
100
LAVENBERG, R.J
314
KLEIN, J
226, 356
LAYNE, G.D
578
KLEIN, N.K
344
LEANDRO, G
167, 530
KOBELT, W
482
LEEMAN, W.P
543, 554
KOCHEVAR, R.E
518
LEON-ARGUEDAS, J
351
KOPF, A.J
560
LESSIOS, H.A
122, 211, 388
KREJSA, R.J
330
LEVEQUE, R
11
KRESS, W.J
250
LEVI, H.W
41
KRONENBERG, G.C
262
LIEVRE, M.D
483
KROODSMA, D.E
13
LINDQWISTER, U
411
KUCK, H.G
251
LINSLEY, E.G
47, 48, 108
KURY, A.B
260
LITTKE, R
549
KUSSMAUL, S
520
LIZANO-RODRIGUEZ, O.G
235
KVIST, L.P
145, 153, 415
LONG, A.J
180
LA FEMINA, P.C
573
LONSDALE, P
295
LUMBSCH, H.T
188
LUNDGREN, P
567
LUTZ, R
549
MAAS, P.J.M
250
MAAS-VAN DE KAMER, H
250
MACINTYRE, I.G
164
MAES, J.M
294
MAHARAJ, S.V
261
MALAVASSI-ROJAS, E
407
MALCOLM, J
241
MALDONADO-ULLOA, T
121
MANNING, R.B
86, 402
MANNUCCI, A.J
411
MARSHALL, J.S
519, 535, 541, 572
MARSHALL, S.A
302
MARTIN, J.W
185
MASON, D
555
MASON, L.R
321
MATA, M
245, 300
10
MATHIS, W.N
44
MAY-COLLADO, L.J
421
MAYO, B.S
52
MCADOO, B.G
516, 518
MITCHELL, R
174
NIEDBALA, W
242, 259, 507
MONTERO-POHLY, W
514, 520, 521, 539, 572
NORABUENA, E.O
564, 567
MONTOYA-MAQUIN, J.M
1, 2, 3, 7, 32, 156, 298,
299, 435
NORRBOM, A.L
64
MCCARTNEY, M.A
211
MORA-MONGE DE
RETANA, D.E
184
MCCOSKER, J.E
191
MORALES-QUIROS, J.F
250
MCCULLOCH, I
491, 492, 496
MORALES-ZURCHER, M.I
124, 151, 192
MCDOUGALL-RIED, K
557
MORAN, R.C
16
MCGLYNN, T.P
418
MORGAN, J.P
537, 547
MCINSTOSH, K.D
547
MORTON, E.S (Ed.)
71
MCINTOSH, K.D
515, 516, 527, 530, 532,
536
MOTOMURA, H
271
MCLEAN, J.H
444
MCMILLAN, I
563
MEARNS, A.J
334
MEEROW, A.W
250
MEHLEN, R.H
21
MENA-ARAYA, Y
244
MERELLO, M
250
MRAZEK, J
537
NUNOMURA, N
399
O'HUIGIN, C
226, 356
OCHYRA, R
234
OLD, W.E
447
OLLGAARD, B
138
OLSSON, A.A
486
OPERTO, S
530
ORANGE, D.L
516, 518
ORTIZ-VALDIVIESO, P
181
MULLER, M
560
OSON, R.J
334
MULLINER, D.K
281
MUNDY, B.C
193
OTTO, R.H
273
OWEN, B
311
MUNOZ, W
277
OWENS, I.P.F
345
MURILLO-CASTRO, M.M
9, 15
MURPHY, K
569
PAEZ-PORTUGUEZ, J
167
PAIVA-CASTRO NETO, V
181
MESCHEDE, M
296, 552, 556
MYERS, B.W
102, 103, 252, 312, 368,
371
PALLISER, E
485
MICHAEL, S.W
375
MYERS, G.S
440
PANIAGUA-PEREZ, S
520
MICKEL, J.T
137
NAKAMURA, Y
530
PARDO, M
514
MIKHEYEV, A.S
404
NESMITH, R.I
480
PARKER, N
198
MILLER, P.J
223
NEWMAN, A
567
PARR, T.D
417
MILLER, S.E
42, 139, 186
NICKLE, D.A
92
PASCAL, M
298, 435
11
PASSMORE, R. MC. C
479
PAULAY, G
388
PEACOCK, S.M
574
PETREN, K
303, 358
PETUCH, E.J
372
PEZOLD, F
386
PI, X
411
PIEKALKIEWICZ, J
410
PISANI, P.C
561
PITTIER-DORMOND, H
487
PLANK, T
571
POCOCK, R.I
83
POHL, R.W
65
POLLITZ, F
567
PONCE, L
514
PORTER, S.D
246
POWELL, J.A
240
PRATT, H.L., JR
270
PROSKAUER, J
327
PROTTI-QUESADA, J.M
513, 516, 517, 519, 567
QUINTERO, D[ED.]
134
QUINTERO, R
528, 529, 542, 559
RANDALL, J.E
193
RANERO, C.R
524, 527, 531, 533, 538,
547, 557
154
RASMUSSEN, K
421
RAU, G.H
334
ROJAS-QUESADA, W
514
ROMERO-ARAYA, J.C (Ed.)
183
RAUP, D.M
338
ROOS, S.E
354
RAVILIOUS, C
450
RAWSON, M
512
ROSE, R
458
ROSENBLATT, R.H
191, 417
READER, S
224, 225
ROSS, S.T
364
REHN, J.A.G
81
ROST, H
488
REICHERT, C
547
REID, D.G
67, 208, 233
RENNER, S.S
390
REYES-CASTILLO, P
510
RIDGELY, R.S (Ed.)
71
RIVIER, F
520
ROTH, B
287
ROTHBLUM, L.M
308
RUBINOFF, I
337
RUTTENBERG, B.I
316
SABINE, E
318, 325, 414
SABORIO, O
121
RIX, J.A
188
SAENZ, R
408
ROBERTS, R.G
528
SAK, P.B
519, 569, 570
ROBERTSON, D.R
202, 254, 315, 316, 331,
365, 388, 502
SALAZAR, G.A
181
ROBINSON, H
106
SALLARES, V
551, 575, 576
ROCHA, L.A
331
SAMPSON, D
567
RODRIGUEZ, J
277, 350
SANCHEZ, J.D
569
RODRIGUEZ, P
146
SANCHEZ-SALDANA, L
181
RODRIGUEZ-FONSECA, J
196
SANCHEZ-SALDANA, L
(Ed.)
181
ROESER, H.A
522
ROJAS-ALVARADO, A.F
158, 209, 210, 256, 272
ROJAS-GONZALEZ, C.M
12
SARGENT, D.M
372
SATO, A
226, 356
SAUER, J
352
SAVAGE, J.M
17, 228
SAZONOV, Y.I
276
SPIESS, V
560
129
SHELLEY, R.M
370
SHEPARD, J.H
328
SPINELLI, G.A
562
STACHWICK, P
485
SCHALL, D.W
475
SHERRY, T.W
13, 14, 34, 62, 71, 77,
268
STAVENHAGEN, A
530
SCHATZ, H
507
SHIPLEY, T.H
530, 532
STEADMAN, D.W
397
SCHEDL, K.E
448
SIERRA, C
219, 220
STEBBINS, G.L
329
SCHERY, R.W
293
SILVER, E.A
516, 518, 561
STEERE, W.C
349
SCHLUTER, D
342
SIMMONS, J.C
36
STEFANNI, S
223
SCHOLL, D.W
557
SINCLAIR, B.J
373
STEPHENS, J.S., JR
341
SCHUSTER, J.C
104
SKOG, L.E
145, 153
STEWART, B.R
419
SCHUSTER, R.O
503
SKULASON, S
348
STIENESSEN, S.C
310
SCHWARTZ, S.Y
517, 558, 567, 568
SLATER, J.A
39, 50
STINGLEY, D.V
284
SCOBLE, F.L.S
241
SLUD, P
28, 29
STOFFA, P.L
530
SCOTT, P.H
280
SMITH, I.P
302
STRAUB, S.M
557
SCOTT, S.N
345
SMITH, J.N.M
305
STRAUCH, W
533, 573
SEALE, A
438
SMITH, T.B
348
STRONG, A.M
476
SEN, M.K
536
SMULTEA, M.A
128
SUAREZ, G
514
SENN, D.G
112
SNODGRASS, R.E
359
SUTTON, U
497
SEREG, I
421
SNYDER, G.T
545
SVENSON, H.K
63, 66
SETCHELL, W.A
321
SOLOMON, S.E
404
SWEATMAN, H.P.A
305
SEYMOUR, G
366
SOOT-RYEN, T
489
SWISHER, M.E (Ed.)
182
SHAFER, H.A
334
SOULE, M.E
419
SZELISTOWSKI, W.A
131
SHASKY, D.R
96, 103, 110, 111, 113,
115, 116, 285, 288, 378,
380, 383, 384
SPALDING, M.D
450
TAYLOR, B
561
SPARKS, L
411
TAYLOR, E.H
68, 69
SHATZ, H
13
TAYLOR, K
175
VAN KEKEN, P.E
574
TERSHY, B.R
369
VAN TEE, J
462
THOMA, B.P
309
VANKO, D.A
407
THOMAS, D.B., JR
73
VANNUCCHI, P
534, 552, 557, 569
THOMAS, M
146
VARGAS-CASTILLO, R
165, 204, 229, 309
THOMAS, W.H
353
VARGAS-VARGAS, M
257
THOMAS, WM.W
253
VARGAS-ZAMORA, J.A
149
TICHY, H
226, 356
VERMA, S.P
553
TOBIN, H
534, 552
VICTOR, B.C
222, 316, 392
TOURNON, J
408
VILLA. I.M
556
TOWNSEND, C.H
54
VILLALOBOS, A.F
446
TOWSEND, C.H
317
VILLINGER, H.W
560
TRAIL, P.W
10, 395
VIQUEZ-NUNEZ, C
249
TRAVIS, B.V
43
VON HUENE, R
522, 524, 527, 531, 533,
538
TROYO-JIMENEZ, S(IL.)
250, 289
TRUMMER, I
548
TRYON, R
340
TUCKER, G.C
20, 72
UNDERWOOD, M.B
562
VALDES-GALLEGO, A
274
VALDESPINO, I.A
179
VAN DEN BOGAARD, P
524
VAN DER HEIDEN, A.M
174
VAN DOESBURG, P.H
105
WEHRTMANN, I.S
231
WEINREBE, W
538, 555, 560
WELLINGTON, G.M
122, 222, 316, 392
WERNER, R
255, 273, 405, 524, 537,
550
WERNER, T.K
13, 25, 62
WESTON, J.A
452
WETTERER, J.K
246
WHEELER, W.M
84
WHIFFIN, T
323
VON MARTENS, E
56, 78, 484
WADE, C.B
440
WHITNEY, N.M
270
WICKSTEN, M.K
204
WILDER, D.D
46
WILEY, J.W
364
WILLIAMS, A.B
396
WILLIAMS, F.X
82
WILLIAMS, L.O
88
WALKER, J
157
WILSON, B
411
WALLMANN, K
560, 577
WALTHER, C.H.E
297, 533
WANLESS, V.D
273
WINDEVOXHEL-LORA, N.J
(Ed.)
183
WIRTH, W.W
44
WISNIEWSKI, J
114
WARD, R.G
363
WONG, P.L
34
WAREN, A
143
WEBER, W.A
391
WOODLEY, N.E
237
WOODSON, R.E., JR
293
WEGE, D.C
180
14
WORNER, G
540
WRIGHT, T
497
WURSIG, B
176
YAO, Z.S
528
YONKE, T.R
73
YOU, C.F
543, 554
YOUNG, D.R
334
ZAMORA-VILLALOBOS,
N.A (Ed.)
250, 289
ZANDT, G
517
ZEIGLER, R.F
449
ZIESENHENNE, F.C
439
ZIMMERMAN, T.L
185
ZINK, R.M
343
15
INDICE DE DESCRIPTORES
16
1982-83 EL NIÑO
122, 195
ABANDONED RIFT
273
ABERTELLA PALMERI
338
ABERTELLIDAE
338
ACANTHODERES ALICIAE
238
ACANTHODERES ALPINA
238
ACANTHODERES
AMPLIFRONS
238
ABIETINARIA EXPANSA
495
ACANTHODERES
AMPLITORIS
238
ABIOTIC FACTORS
126
ACANTHODERES ARIASI
238
ABUNDANCE
194
ACANTHODERES
BARRERAI
238
ABYSSOTHYRIS
320
ACAKYRA OCELLATA
239
ACANTHASTER PLANCI
135, 160
ACANTHEMBLEMARIA
ATRATA
254, 314
ACANTHEMBLEMARIA
CASTROI
314, 341
ACANTHEMBLEMARIA
MACROSPILUS
341
ACANTHEMBLEMARIA
MANGOGNATHA
254
ACANTHIDOPS BAIRDII
344
ACANTHOCHITONA
ANGELICA
279
ACANTHOCHITONA
HIRUDINIFORMIS
094
ACANTHOCHITONA
SHASKYI
094, 279
ACANTHOCHITONIDAE
002, 094
ACANTHOCOLEUS
292
ACANTHOCYBIIDAE
438
ACANTHOCYBIUM
SOLANDRI
438
ACANTHODERES BICOLOR
238
ACANTHODERES BORREI
239
ACANTHODERES CAVEI
238
ACANTHODERES
CIRCUMFLEXA
239
ACANTHODERES
CIRCUMFLEXUS
047, 048
ACANTHODERES
COCOENSIS
047, 048, 239
ACANTHODERES
FERRUGINEA
238
ACANTHODERES
FLAVOMACULATA
238
ACANTHODERES
GIESBERTI
238
ACANTHODERES
NIGRITARSIS
239
ACANTHODERES
NOGUERAI
238
ACANTHODERES
PARAVETUSTA
239
ACANTHODERES PARVA
239
ACANTHODERES
PENROSEI
239
ACANTHODERES
QUADRIGIBBA
239
ACANTHODERES
RAMIREZI
239
ACANTHODERES SOLISI
238
ACANTHODERES
WAPPESI
239
ACANTHURIDAE
194, 357, 365
ACANTHURUS
GLAUCOPAREIUS
360, 364
ACANTHURUS
TRIOSTEGUS
357
ACANTHURUS
TRIOSTEGUS
TRIOSTEGUS
360
ACAR BAILYI
488
ACAR GRADATA
488
ACANTHODERES
HONDURAE
238
ACAR PUSILLA
488
ACANTHODERES
LATIFORMA
238
ACARI
114, 129, 152, 242, 259,
507
ACANTHODERES
LINSLEYI
238
ACCOUNTS
451
ACANTHODERES
MACCARTYI
238
ACCRETION
297, 515, 530, 532, 533,
538, 566
ACCRETIONARY PRISM
17
297, 512, 522, 532, 533,
534, 536, 538, 552, 561,
565
ACCRETIONARY WEDGES
549, 557, 569
ACERATOPHALLUS DUX
045, 107
ACERATOPHALLUS
LAMELLIFER
045, 083, 107
ACTIDIUM DIFFICILIS
005
ACTIDIUM LELEUPI
005
ACTINOPTERYGII
026, 119, 123, 131, 133,
140, 141, 162, 174, 254,
314, 315, 316, 341,
348, 375
ACTINOPTERYX HOGUEI
005
ACERATOPHALLUS
UNICOLOR
045, 083, 107
ACULEATA
404, 418
ACHATINELLIDAE
078, 079, 490
ADA
184
ACHRADOCERA
106
ADAKITE
540
ACIACHNE
065
ADAPTATION
071, 077, 346
ACMAEA STRIATA
079, 333
ADAPTIVE PHENOTYPES
348
ACMAEIDAE
002, 079, 333
ADAPTIVE RADIATION
226, 303, 344, 346, 356,
358, 377
ACROBOLBACEAE
124, 151, 292
ACROBOLBUS
292
ACRODYTES
069
ACROLEJEUNEA
192, 292
ACROSTICHUM
035, 038
ACROSTICHUM AUREUM
063
ACROTRICHIS
(CTENOPTERYX)
DISCOLOROIDES
005
ACRYPTOLARIA
LONGITHECA
229
ACTEOCINA CARINATA
274
ACTEOCINA INFREQUENS
274
ACTEON TRASKII
274
ACTEONDIAE
274
AEDES DUPREEI
043
AEGIPHILA FASCICULATA
059
AEGOPOGON
065
AEOLIDAE
281
AERIAL BEHAVIOUR
190
AFTERSHOCKS
514
AGALYCHNIS
069
ADELANTHACEAE
124, 151, 292
ADELANTHUS
292
AGARICACEAE
053
AGARICALES
053
AGARICIIDAE
171, 443
AGAVACEAE
250
AGE
062, 544
AGLAJA REGISCORONA
274
ADELOTHECIUM
BOGOTENSE
349
AGLAJIDAE
274
ADETUS NESIOTES
047
AGLAOPHENIA DUBIA
229
ADIANTACEAE
035
AGLAOPHENIA
LATECARINATA
229
ADIANTUM
035, 038
ADIANTUM PETIOLATUM
063
ADULT SEX RATIOS AND
SEXUAL SELECTION
ANALYSIS
369
AGLAOPHENIA
LATIROSTRIS
495
AGLAOPHENIA RIGIDA
494, 495
AGLAOPHENIIDAE
229
ADULTS
369
AGONISTIC BEHAVIOUR
308
ADVENTURES
351, 366, 457, 485
AGORISTENIDAE
260
AEDES AEGYPTI
043
AGRIUS CINGULATUS
147
AEDES ATROPALPUS
043
AGROPYRON
065
18
AMPHIODIA
439
197
AGROSTIS
065
AIRA
065
ALTITUDINAL
DISTRIBUTION
145
AMPHIOPHIURA
439
AMPHIOPLUS
439
ALABA TEREBRALIS
143
ALTITUDINAL
MIGRATION
060
ALAS PROJECT
232, 236, 240, 242
AMARANTHACEAE
059
AMPHITHALAMUS
INCLUSIS
115
ALBATROSS VOYAGE
317
AMARYLLIDACEAE
250
AMPHIURIDAE
439
ALBEMARLE ISLAND
086
AMAZILIA BOUCARDI
180
AMPLIDESMUS CALVERTI
107
ALEURIA AURANTIA
245
AMBLYPSILOPUS DEPILIS
373
AMPLIDESMUS
GLAPHYROS
107
ALGAE
321
AMBLYRHYNCHUS
336
ALIEN SPECIES
435
AMBYSTOMA
348
ALISMATACEAE
250
AMEIVA
068
ALLARITHMUS
099
AMEIVA FESTIVA
OCCIDENTALIS
068
ALLEE EFFECT
324
ALLIACEAE
250
ALLIGATORIDAE
228
ALLISONIACEAE
192, 292
ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION
387
ALLOSCOLYTOPROCTUS
PERUANUS
232
ALOBIELLOPSIS
292
ALPHEIDAE
231
ALPHEUS SAXIDOMUS
231
ALPHEUS SIMUS
231
ALPOVA
300
ALSTROEMERIACEAE
250
AMPLIDESMUS
INTERMEDIUS
107
AMPLINUS CHITARIANUS
107
AMERICAN VOLCANIC
ARC
578
AMERINDIANS
070
AMMODISCIDAE
491
AMMONIA
353
AMPLINUS CONVEXUS
045, 083
AMPLINUS NITEUS
045
AMPYCINAE
260
AMYGDALUM
AMERICANUM
489
ANADARA CUMINGIANA
488
ANADARA MULTICOSTATA
488
AMMONIUM ADSORPTION
577
AMOMOPHYLLUM
089
AMORBIA
186
ANADARA NUX
488
ANADARA REINHARTI
280
ANADARA TUBERCULOSA
488
AMPAROA
184
ANADIA
068
AMPHIBIANS
069, 228, 348
AMPHICHONDRIUS
439
AMPHILEJEUNEA
292
AMPHINOMIDAE
437
ALTITUDE
19
ANALYSIS
268, 369
ANANTERIS PLATNICKI
294
ANASPIDEA
281
ANASTROPHYLLUM
292
025,
031,
174,
180,
193,
197,
203,
211,
215,
220,
225,
229,
237,
242,
249,
258,
264,
268,
275,
281,
285,
298,
304,
309,
314,
320,
329,
336,
342,
346,
357,
364,
370,
375,
380,
384,
389,
396,
400,
412,
422,
436,
442,
447,
453,
470,
475,
484,
491,
496,
505,
510
044,
049,
ANISOLABIS MARITIMA
042
062,
071,
ANISOPODUS LONGIPES
047, 048
082,
090,
ANNECTACARUS
MUCRONATUS
129
ANATANAIS
MARMORATUS
399
ANATANAIS NORMANI
399
ANATANAIS SP
399
ANATIDAE
011
ANATOMY
016, 188, 412
ANCESTORS
010
ANCHOLEPTODESMUS
099
ANCISTROGASTER MIXTA
042
ANDREWSIANTHUS
292
ANETIUM
035, 038
ANEURA
292
ANEURACEAE
292
ANGUIDAE
068, 228
ANGUILLIFORMES
140, 191
ANIMALS
001, 002,
006, 007,
011, 012,
017, 018,
026, 028,
032, 033,
040, 041,
045, 046,
050, 052,
056, 057,
064, 067,
073, 074,
078, 079,
083, 084,
091, 092,
095, 096,
100, 101,
105, 106,
109, 110,
114, 115,
122, 123,
128, 129,
134, 135,
142, 143,
148, 149,
160, 161,
165, 166,
003,
008,
013,
019,
029,
034,
042,
047,
054,
058,
068,
076,
080,
085,
093,
097,
102,
107,
111,
116,
125,
131,
139,
146,
150,
162,
171,
004,
009,
014,
021,
030,
039,
043,
048,
055,
060,
069,
077,
081,
086,
094,
098,
103,
108,
112,
119,
126,
132,
140,
147,
152,
163,
172,
005,
010,
099,
104,
113,
120,
133,
141,
155,
164,
175,
185,
194,
198,
204,
212,
216,
221,
226,
231,
238,
243,
251,
259,
265,
269,
276,
282,
286,
299,
305,
310,
315,
322,
330,
337,
343,
347,
358,
365,
371,
376,
381,
385,
392,
397,
401,
417,
433,
437,
443,
448,
461,
471,
476,
486,
492,
502,
506,
176,
186,
195,
199,
205,
213,
217,
222,
227,
232,
239,
246,
252,
260,
266,
270,
278,
283,
287,
301,
306,
311,
316,
324,
331,
338,
344,
348,
359,
368,
372,
377,
382,
386,
393,
398,
402,
418,
434,
438,
444,
449,
462,
472,
477,
488,
493,
503,
507,
177,
190,
196,
201,
207,
214,
218,
223,
228,
233,
240,
248,
254,
262,
267,
271,
279,
284,
288,
302,
308,
312,
317,
328,
333,
339,
345,
351,
360,
369,
373,
378,
383,
387,
394,
399,
403,
419,
435,
439,
445,
450,
468,
473,
482,
489,
494,
504,
508,
178,
191,
202,
208,
219,
224,
236,
241,
257,
263,
ANOLIS AQUATICUS
068
ANOLIS BISCUTIGER
068
ANOLIS HUMILIS
MARSUPIALIS
068
ANOLIS TOWNSENDI
109, 308
274,
280,
ANOLIS WOODI
ATTENUATUS
068
294,
303,
ANOMALEPIDIDAE
228
313,
319,
ANOMOCORA CARINATA
376
334,
341,
ANOMURANS
178
356,
361,
ANOPHELES
NEOMACULIPALPUS
043
374,
379,
388,
395,
404,
421,
440,
446,
469,
474,
490,
495,
509,
ANNELIDS
309, 436, 437
ANNOTATED RECORDS
032, 185
ANOPLOLEJEUNEA
292
ANOTHECA
069
ANOUS MINUTUS
299
ANTENNARIDAE
438
ANTENNARIIDAE
194, 365, 375
ANTENNARIUS
COMMERSONI
375
ANTENNARIUS DROMBUS
360
ANTENNARIUS
SANGUINEUS
438
ANTHERICACEAE
250
ANTHOATHECATAE
229
ANTHOCEROS
292
ANTHOCEROS VEGETANS
327
ANOLIS
017, 336
ANOLIS ACHILLES
068
20
ANTHOCEROTACEAE
292, 327
ANTHOCEROTAE
130, 189, 292, 327
APHAERUS FURCATUS
438
008, 041, 058, 126, 163,
172
ANTHOCEROTALES
327
APHANOLEJEUNEA
192, 292
ARANEIDAE
058
ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA
130, 189, 292
APHAREUS FURCATUS
361
ARBACIA INCISA
442
ANTHOCORIDAE
422
APHELIDESMUS
CALVERTI
045
ARBACIIDAE
442
ANTHOXANTHUM
065
ANTHOZOA
161, 171, 195, 201, 214,
218, 376, 443, 468
APHELIDESMUS
GLAPHYROS
045
ARC
538
ARC LAVAS
543, 554
APHELIDESMUS
INTERMEDIUS
045
ARC MAGMATISM
574
APHRODITIDAE
436
ARCA MUTABILIS
488
APHYLLOPHORALES
053
ARCHAEATYA CHACEI
097, 322
ANTHROPOGENIC
DISTURBANCES
027, 164
APIDAE
082
ARCHAEOGASTROPODA
113, 263, 311, 444
ANTHURIDEA
399
APLYSIIDAE
281
ARCHILEJEUNEA
192, 292
ANTIPATHES
(CERIANTIPATHARIA)
214
APOCHELA
257
ARCHIMANDRITA
MARMORATA
080
ANTHRACOBIA
MELANOMA
245
ANTHRIBIDAE
114
ANTS
031, 084, 104, 404, 418,
469, 471, 472
ANURANS
069, 228
ANYPHAENIDAE
269
APOCRITA
404
APOGONIDAE
194, 365
APRIL 22 EARTHQUAKE
535
AQUATIC BIRDS
298, 299
AR/AR
563
ANYPHAENOIDES COCOS
269
ARA MILITARIS
180
ANYPHAENOIDES KATIAE
269
ARACEAE
051, 089, 250, 302
ANYPHAENOIDES
OCTODENTATA
269
ARACHNID PARASITES
114
ANYPHAENOIDES
PLURIDENTATA
269
APERTURAL DENTICLES
252
ARCHIPINI
186
ARCIDAE
002, 280, 488
ARDEA ALBA
299
ANYPHAENOIDES
BRESCOVITI
269
ANYPHAENOIDES
PACIFICA
269
ARCHIMANDRITA
TESSELLATA
080
ARACHNIDS
006, 040, 041, 042, 058,
095, 114, 126, 152, 249,
260, 269, 294, 389
ARACHNIOPSIS
292
ARALES
089
ARANEAE
21
ARDEA HERODIAS
299
ARDEIDAE
011, 298, 299, 348
AREA DE CONSERVACION
ARENAL HUETAR NORTE
020, 045, 051, 059, 072,
080, 107, 153, 154, 170,
175, 180, 228, 230,
236, 239, 244, 245, 250,
256, 289, 290, 291, 300
AREA DE CONSERVACION
ARENAL TILARAN
023, 051, 061, 068, 069,
087, 089, 117, 121, 124,
142, 151, 154, 163,
166, 170, 172, 175, 180,
181, 182, 183, 184, 192,
209, 210, 228, 232,
236,
243,
256,
290,
423,
239,
244,
257,
291,
511,
240,
245,
260,
292,
545
241, 242,
247, 250,
289,
300, 302,
AREA DE CONSERVACION
CORDILLERA VOLCANICA
CENTRAL
016, 019, 020, 021, 023,
031, 045, 051, 059, 060,
061, 065, 068, 069,
072, 073, 077, 080, 081,
087, 107, 117, 121, 124,
129, 137, 142, 151,
154, 158, 163, 166, 169,
170, 172, 173, 175, 179,
180, 182, 183, 184,
192, 209, 228, 232, 236,
238, 239, 240, 241, 242,
243, 244, 245, 247,
250, 256, 260, 289, 290,
291, 292, 294, 300, 302,
420, 423, 541
AREA DE CONSERVACION
GUANACASTE
005, 009, 023, 065, 068,
069, 072, 073, 124, 137,
141, 142, 149, 151,
154, 158, 160, 163, 166,
170, 171, 172, 175, 180,
182, 183, 192, 209,
210, 224, 229, 232, 236,
238, 239, 240, 241, 242,
244, 245, 248, 250,
251, 256, 260, 274, 289,
290, 291, 292, 300, 302,
347, 406, 417, 421,
436, 437, 438, 439, 441,
442, 443, 488, 489, 491,
494, 495, 530, 532,
536, 538, 578
AREA DE CONSERVACION
LA AMISTAD CARIBE
015, 016, 020, 023, 027,
041, 045, 051, 059, 061,
065, 068, 069, 072,
081, 107, 129, 142, 149,
154, 158, 163, 166, 170,
172, 181, 182, 183,
188, 209, 210, 228, 230,
232, 236, 239, 242, 243,
244, 245, 247, 256,
260, 272, 291, 292, 294,
300, 302, 423, 513, 526
AREA DE CONSERVACION
LA AMISTAD PACIFICO
016, 021, 023, 037, 059,
061, 065, 068, 069, 072,
080, 089, 099, 107,
117, 124, 136, 137, 142,
151, 163, 168, 172, 173,
175, 179, 182, 183,
184, 192, 209, 228, 232,
233, 236, 241, 242, 243,
244, 245, 247, 250,
256, 257, 260, 289, 290,
291, 292, 294, 300, 344,
423, 513, 544, 569
AREA DE CONSERVACION
MARINA ISLA DEL COCO
001, 002, 003, 004, 005,
006, 007, 008, 009, 010,
011, 012, 013, 014,
015, 016, 017, 018, 019,
020, 021, 022, 023, 024,
025, 026, 027, 028,
029, 030, 031, 032, 033,
034, 035, 036, 037, 038,
039, 040, 041, 042,
043, 044, 045, 046, 047,
048, 049, 050, 051, 052,
053, 054, 055, 056,
057, 058, 059, 060, 061,
062, 063, 064, 065, 066,
067, 068, 069, 070,
071, 072, 073, 074, 075,
076, 077, 078, 079, 080,
081, 082, 083, 084,
085, 086, 087, 088, 089,
090, 091, 092, 093, 094,
095, 096, 097, 098,
099, 100, 101, 102, 103,
104, 105, 106, 107, 108,
109, 110, 111, 112,
113, 114, 115, 116, 117,
118, 119, 120, 121, 122,
123, 124, 125, 126,
127, 128, 129, 130, 131,
132, 133, 134, 135, 136,
137, 138, 139, 140,
141, 142, 143, 144, 145,
146, 147, 148, 149, 150,
151, 152, 153, 154,
155, 156, 157, 158, 159,
160, 161, 162, 163, 164,
165, 166, 167, 168,
169, 170, 171, 172, 173,
174, 175, 176, 177, 178,
179, 180, 181, 182,
183, 184, 185, 186, 187,
188, 189, 190, 191, 192,
193, 194, 195, 196,
197, 198, 199, 200, 201,
202, 203, 204, 205, 206,
207, 208, 209, 210,
211, 212, 213, 214, 215,
216, 217, 218, 219, 220,
221, 222, 223, 224,
225, 226, 227, 228, 229,
230, 231, 232, 233, 234,
235, 236, 237, 238,
239, 240, 241, 242, 243,
244, 245, 246, 247, 248,
249, 250, 251, 252,
253, 254, 255, 256, 257,
258, 259, 260, 261, 262,
263, 264, 265, 266,
267, 268, 269, 270, 271,
272, 273, 274, 275, 276,
277, 278, 279, 280,
281, 282, 283, 284, 285,
286, 287, 288, 289, 290,
291, 292, 293, 294,
295, 296, 297, 298, 299,
300, 301, 302, 303, 304,
305, 306, 307, 308,
309, 310, 311, 312, 313,
314, 315, 316, 317, 318,
319, 320, 321, 322,
22
323,
328,
333,
337,
342,
347,
351,
356,
361,
365,
370,
375,
379,
384,
389,
393,
398,
403,
407,
412,
417,
421,
426,
431,
435,
440,
445,
449,
454,
459,
463,
468,
473,
477,
482,
487,
491,
496,
501,
505,
510
324,
329,
334,
338,
343,
348,
352,
357,
362,
366,
371,
376,
380,
385,
390,
394,
399,
404,
408,
413,
418,
422,
427,
432,
436,
441,
446,
450,
455,
460,
464,
469,
474,
478,
483,
488,
492,
497,
502,
506,
325,
330,
335,
339,
344,
349,
353,
358,
363,
367,
372,
377,
381,
386,
391,
395,
400,
405,
409,
414,
419,
423,
428,
433,
437,
442,
447,
451,
456,
461,
465,
470,
475,
479,
484,
489,
493,
498,
503,
507,
326,
331,
336,
340,
345,
350,
354,
359,
364,
368,
373,
378,
382,
387,
392,
396,
401,
406,
410,
415,
420,
424,
429,
434,
438,
443,
448,
452,
457,
462,
466,
471,
476,
480,
485,
490,
494,
499,
504,
508,
327,
332,
341,
346,
355,
360,
369,
374,
383,
388,
397,
402,
411,
416,
425,
430,
439,
444,
453,
458,
467,
472,
481,
486,
495,
500,
509,
AREA DE CONSERVACION
OSA
009, 020, 021, 023, 027,
031, 068, 069, 072, 124,
128, 129, 137, 142,
143, 146, 148, 149, 153,
154, 158, 160, 163, 164,
166, 168, 170, 171,
172, 180, 182, 183, 196,
209, 210, 222, 224, 228,
229, 232, 236, 240,
241, 242, 243, 244, 247,
248, 250, 256, 257, 260,
274, 289, 290, 291,
292, 347, 421, 441, 450,
488, 489, 548, 570
AREA DE CONSERVACION
PACIFICO CENTRAL
009, 015, 023, 027, 045,
060, 065, 068, 069, 072,
080, 081, 107, 117,
121, 136, 149, 151, 154,
166, 170, 171, 172, 175,
180, 181, 192, 209,
221, 228, 232, 233, 236,
241, 242, 244, 247, 248,
250, 256, 257, 260,
274, 289, 290, 291, 292,
294, 302, 330, 347, 357,
519, 572
AREA DE CONSERVACION
TEMPISQUE
020, 021, 023, 060, 065,
067, 068, 069, 072, 107,
121, 131, 149, 153,
154, 158, 163, 167, 171,
175, 182, 196, 221, 223,
224, 228, 229, 230,
233, 236, 242, 243, 244,
245, 247, 248, 250, 260,
274, 289, 290, 291,
300, 302, 347, 439, 442,
513, 515, 516, 518, 522,
530, 532, 536, 538,
572, 578
AREA DE CONSERVACION
TORTUGUERO
023, 061, 065, 068, 069,
072, 073, 107, 151, 154,
155, 158, 163, 170,
172, 175, 192, 228, 230,
232, 236, 238, 240, 244,
247, 250, 260, 289,
290, 291, 294, 423
AREA RECREATIVA
PRUSIA
245, 300
ARECACEAE
104, 250, 362, 363, 465,
466
ARECALES
362, 363, 466
ARGENTINA
081, 104, 159, 246, 260,
352, 418
ARGONAUTIDAE
002
ARGYOEPEIRA
NIGRIVENTRIS
040
ARGYROTHECA
320
ARIOSOMA
440
ARISTIDA
065
ARMADILLONISCUS
HOLMESI
400
ARNELLIACEAE
151, 292
AROTHRON MELEAGRIS
135
AROTRHON HISPIDUS
360
ARTHROSTYLIDIUM
065
ARPHTHICARUS
259
ARTIODACTYLS
219, 220, 278, 351, 435
ARPHTHICARUS
ALLOCOTOS
242
ARUBA
370
ARPHTHICARUS IUBATUS
242
ARPHTHICARUS
PARARIDICULUS
242
ARUNDO
065
ASCOMYCOTINA
053, 159, 168, 245
ARPHTHICARUS
PARASAUCIUS
242
ASCORHYNCHUS
PAXILLUM
266
ARPHTHICARUS
PERVALIDUS
242
ASEISMIC RIDGE
575
ARRHINOTERMES
OCEANICUS
042
ASEMUM STRIATUM
114
ARRIVAL TIMES
523
ASEROË
300
ARTHONIA
CRYSTALLIFERA
159
ASILIDAE
042
ARTHONIA CYANEA VAR.
COCOSENSIS
144, 159
ASPELLA PYRAMIDALIS
333
018,
033,
043,
047,
055,
074,
083,
093,
100,
106,
113,
129,
147,
172,
205,
236,
241,
257,
266,
322,
376,
399,
422,
471,
503,
ARTHROPTYCTIMA
259
23
ASPARAGACEAE
250
ASPASIA
184
ARTHONIACEAE
159
ARTHROPODS
005, 006, 008,
021, 030, 031,
040, 041, 042,
044, 045, 046,
049, 050, 052,
058, 064, 073,
080, 081, 082,
086, 091, 092,
097, 098, 099,
101, 104, 105,
108, 111, 112,
115, 125, 126,
134, 139, 142,
163, 165, 166,
185, 186, 197,
207, 231, 232,
238, 239, 240,
246, 249, 251,
259, 260, 262,
294, 302, 309,
328, 370, 373,
385, 389, 396,
402, 404, 418,
446, 448, 469,
472, 477, 493,
508, 510
ARUNDINOIDEAE
065
019,
039,
048,
057,
084,
095,
107,
114,
152,
178,
237,
242,
269,
324,
400,
434,
507,
ASPIDIACEAE
063
ASPIDODIADEMATIDAE
338
ASPLENIACEAE
063, 136
ASPLENIOIDEAE
022
ASPLENIUM
022, 035, 038, 063
ASPLENIUM
BARCLAYANUM
136
ASPLENIUM MACRAEI
038
ASPLENIUM
SALICIFOLIUM VAR.
AEQUILATERALE
136
ASSOCIATIONS
490
214
ASTELIACEAE
250
ATELOPUS VARIUS
LOOMISI
069
AURICULARIACEAE
053
ASTERACEAE
059, 197, 247
ATHIRIACEAE
136
AUROPHORA DOCHMIA
245
ASTERALES
247
ATLANTIC OCEAN
383, 386, 417
AUSTROPHTHIRACARUS
259
ASTERELLA
292
ATRACTOCERUS
BREVICORNIS
114
AUSTROPHTHIRACARUS
NEXILIS
242
ATRACTYLIDAE
494, 495
AUSTROPHTHIRACARUS
RETRORSUS
242
ASTEROIDEA
135, 301
ASTEROTHYRIU
GYALIDEOIDES
169
ASTIGMATOPHTALMUS
SATANAS
043
ASTOR EXPEDITION
066
ASTRAEUS
300
ASTRANGIA HONDAENSIS
443
ATRICHOPOGON
GORDONI
042
ATROPACARUS
(ATROPACARUS)
ANTROSUS
242
ATROPACARUS
(ATROPACARUS)
FOLIOUS
242
ASTROCOENIA
326
ATROPACARUS
(HOPLOPHORELLA)
FRONDEUS
242
ASTROPYGA PULVINATA
442
ATYIA RIVALIS
322
ASYNDETUS
106
ATYIDAE
322, 446
ASYNDETUS
BURSERICOLA
373
ATYS DEFUNCTA
274
ASYNDETUS
CAVAGNAROI
373
ASYNDETUS MAELFAITI
373
ASYNDETUS MYSTACINUS
373
ASYNDETUS RIDICULUS
373
ASYNDETUS TIBIALIS
373
ASYNDETUS WIGGINSI
373
ATELOPUS SENEX
069
ATELOPUS VARIUS
AMBULATORIUS
069
AUSTROPHTHIRACARUS
ZEUKTOS
242
AUTHIGENIC
CARBONATES
518
AUTOBIOGRAPHIES
317
AUXIS THAZARD
334
AVENA
065
AVIFAUNA
028, 029
AXOCLINUS COCOENSIS
141
ATYS EXARATA
274
AULONEMIA
065
AULOSTOMIDAE
194, 331, 365
AULOSTOMUS CHINENSIS
331, 360
AULOSTOMUS
MACULATUS
331
AULOSTOMUS STRIGOSUS
331
AUREOLEJEUNEA
292
AURICULA STAGNALIS
079
AURICULA STANGALIS
24
AYTONIACEAE
151, 292
AZAHAR DE CARTAGO
241
AZEVIA PANAMENSIS
438
AZOOXANTELLATE
201
AZTECA
031
BACIDIA CORALLIFERA
144
BADIMIA
188
BADIMIA MONTOYANA
144
BAGACES (CANTON)
020, 065
BAHAMAS
260, 344, 398
BAHIA BALLENA
143, 224, 274, 442
BAHIA CULEBRA
009, 160, 171, 248, 438,
439, 441, 488, 489, 491
073
BALANTIOPSIDACEAE
192, 292
BANASA NESIOTA
073
BALANUS
TINTINNABULUM
112
BANASA PANAMENSIS
073
BALCIS OGASAWARANA
116
BANASA PARAPASEKAE
073
BALISTES POLYLEPIS
193
BANASA PASEKAE
073
BALISTIDAE
123, 193, 194, 365, 438
BANASA PYGMAEA
073
BAMBARA BRUNNEA
005
BANASA RUFIFRONS
073
BAMBARA CONTORTA
005
BANASA SALVINI
073
BAMBARA FROSTI
005
BANASA SANTAROSANA
073
BAMBARA STEEVESI
005
BANASA SLEEPERI
073
229
BAMBOOS
065
BANASA STALII
073
BAHIA JUNQUILLAL
274
BAMBUSA
065
BANASA STIGMOSA
073
BAHIA POTRERO
224
BAMBUSOIDEAE
065
BANASA TEPICA
073
BAHIA POTRERO GRANDE
274
BANASA ARAWAKA
073
BANASA TOTONACA
073
BAHIA SALINAS
274, 347, 439, 441, 442,
488, 489, 491, 494, 495
BANASA AZTECA
073
BANASA ZETEKI
073
BANASA BIDENS
073
BARBACYCLUS BOUCARDI
243
BANASA CENTRALIS
073
BARBACYCLUS PRINCEPS
243
BANASA CUSPIDATA
073
BARBACYCLUS
UNDERWOODI
243
BAHIA DE CALDERA
347
BAHIA DE SAMARA
248
BAHIA DE SANTA ELENA
248, 260, 274, 417, 441
BAHIA DE WAFER
044
BAHIA DEL COCO
441, 488, 489
BAHIA DRAKE
347
BAHIA HERRADURA
143, 274
BAHIA HUEVOS
BAHIA TAMARINDO
347
BAHIA WAFER
231
BAJA CALIFORNIA
233
BAJO LA HONDURA
061, 172, 184, 292
BALAENOPTERA EDENI
148
BALAENOPTERA
MUSCULUS
334
BALAENOPTERIDAE
128, 148, 334, 421
BALANOMORPHA
112
BALANTIOPSACEAE
124, 151
BANASA DOLABRATA
073
BANASA DOMINICA
073
BANASA EXCAVATA
073
BANASA IRATA
073
BANASA LACERTOSA
073
BANASA MEXICANA
073
BANASA MINOR
25
BARBADOS
246
BARBATIA ILLOTA
488
BARBATIA REEVEANA
488
BARBULA SUBULIFOLIA
349
BARISIA
068
BARK BEETLES
448
BARNACLES
477
BARRIERS
122
BARRO COLORADO
NATURE MONUMENT
073, 107, 172, 291, 420
BARTRAMIA
LONGICAUDA
299
BARTRAMIACEAE
349
BELIEFS
350, 367, 426, 427, 434,
452, 456, 458, 459, 467,
478, 480, 481
BELIZE
023, 045,
088, 104,
246, 260,
301, 302,
352, 420,
061,
129,
291,
331,
423
067, 073,
210, 230,
294,
335, 349,
BELONE HIANS
361
BELONIDAE
194, 221, 357, 361, 365
BIOCLIMATOLOGY
029
BIODIVERSITY
003, 154, 157, 160, 161,
165, 194, 200, 203, 205,
220, 241, 255, 260,
277, 278, 340, 346, 421,
450, 524, 525, 526
BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION
180, 182, 244
BIODIVERSITY LOSS
182
BELONIFORMES
221
BIOGEGRAPHIC
RELATION
035
BELONODESMUS
099
BIOGENIC SILICA
562
BASILEUTERUS
TRISTRIATUS
344
BENEFITS
230
BIOGEOGRAPHIES
434
BASILISCUS
068
BERMUDA
260
BASISTYLE
098
BERNAYA
339
BASOMMATOPHORA
076, 079, 490
BERTHELLINA ENGELI
281
BIOGEOGRAPHY
007, 009, 104, 123,
193, 195, 200, 208,
233, 294, 331, 339,
344, 358, 386, 387,
389, 390, 391, 392,
394, 398, 400, 401
BATFISHES
412
BERTIA
085
BATHYGOBIUS ANDREI
223
BERYLLIUM ISOTOPES
565
BATHYGOBIUS LINEATUS
223
BESLERIA
CONGESTIFLORA
059
BASALTS
405, 416
BASIDIOMYCOTINA
053, 300
BATHYGOBIUS RAMOSUS
223
BATHYMETRIC SURVEY
354
BATHYMETRY
235
BATROCHOIDIDAE
438
BAZZANIA
192, 292
BEBEDERO
068, 069, 107
BEHAVIOUR
043, 060, 109, 146, 176,
177, 190, 194, 198, 227,
308
BEHAVIOURAL
VARIATION
062
192,
215,
388,
393,
BIOGRAPHIES
317, 501
BESLERIA TRICHOSTEGIA
059
BIOLOGICAL
ASSOCIATIONS
441
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
246
BIOLOGICAL CORRIDORS
244
BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
BESLERIA TRIFLORA VAR.
SUBCORYMBOSA
059
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
032, 434
435
BIOLOGICAL NOTES
375
BIOLOGICAL RESERVES
154, 175, 180, 244
BIGEYES
123
BIJAGUAL DE BILL
377
BILL MORPHOLOGY
419
BIMERIA GRACILIS
495
BIOCHEMICAL
VARIATION
219, 358
26
BIOLOGY
194, 219, 240
BIOMASS
334
BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
306, 320, 565
BIRD MIGRATION
150
BIRD PROTECTION
175
BIRDS
010, 011,
025, 028,
062, 071,
120, 132,
226, 268,
305, 317,
337, 342,
346, 348,
359, 369,
397, 419,
470, 473,
012,
029,
077,
150,
298,
319,
343,
356,
377,
434,
474
013,
054,
104,
175,
299,
329,
344,
357,
395,
435,
014,
060,
BLOCK ROTATION
573
180,
303,
BLUE DOLPHIN
EXPEDITION
455
345,
358,
BOCAS DEL TORO
526
461,
BODY WAVE
PROPAGATION
571
BIRDWATCHING
175
BISTOLIDA
339
BIVALVIA
002, 096, 115, 218, 280,
333, 347, 384, 476, 486,
488, 489
BLABERUS
080
BLASICRURA
339
BLASICRURA ALISONAE
282
BLATTARIA
080
BLATTIDAE
042, 080
BLECHNACEAE
158, 209
BOEHMERIA RADIATA
087
BOEHMERIA RAMIFLORA
087
BOEHMERIA ULMIFOLIA
087
BOIDAE
228
BOLIVIA
061, 091, 209, 240, 246,
260, 323, 335, 344, 349,
355
BRACHYCERA
046, 237, 373
BRACHYMERMEX
MUSCULUS
418
BRACHYPODIUM
065
BRACHYURANS
185, 309, 322, 446, 493
BRAZIERIA
085
BORRERIA GRACILIS
088
BRAZIL
061, 081,
240, 246,
302, 320,
344, 349,
389, 398,
BOTANICAL
COMPOSITION
038, 053, 066, 200
BLEPHAROSTOMA
292
BRACHYCEPHALIDAE
069
BOOKSHELF FAULTING
573
BLENNIDAE
330
BLEPHAROLEJEUNEA
292
BRACHIOPODS
320
BRASSIA
184
BOSQUE ETERNO DE LOS
NIÑOS
250, 289, 290
BLENNIOLUS PROTEUS
330
BRACHIOLEJEUNEAE
292
BONNEVIELLIDAE
495
BLECHNUM
STOLONIFERUM
209
BLENNIOLUS
BREVIPINNIS
330
BRACHIOLEJEUNEA
292
BRANCHING PORE
140
BORUCA
065, 069
BLENNIOIDEI
314
BRACHIDONTES
PUNTARENENSIS
489
BOMBYLIIDAE
042
BLECHNUM
FACCISQUAMA
158
BLENNIIDAE
194, 365
300
BOTHIDAE
194, 365, 438
BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS
176, 177, 190, 198, 227,
313
BOUGAINVILLIA CRASSA
495
BOUTELOUA
065
BOVIDAE
278, 351
27
104, 159,
259, 260,
335,
355, 385,
BREEDING STATE
219
BRENTIDAE
152
BREUTELIA BRITTONIAE
349
BREUTELIA JAMAICENSIS
349
BRIBRI DE TALAMANCA
016
BRITISH GUIANA
061, 335
BRITISH VIRGIN
ISLANDS
260
BRIZA
065
BOVISTA
095,
253,
323,
352,
418
BROMELIACEAE
030, 066, 250
BROMUS
065
BRYACEAE
349
BRYONECTRIA
168
BRYOPHILIC
168
BRYOPHYTA
124, 130, 144, 151, 173,
189, 192, 200, 234, 292,
327, 335, 349, 391,
460, 464
BRYOPTERIS
292
BRYOTHELE MIRA
168
BRYOZOANS
526
BRYUM LIMBATUM
349
002, 274
391
BUPRESTIDAE
101
CADUCIFER CINIS
213
BURMANNIACEAE
250
CAECILIIDAE
228
BURSA GRANULARIS
288
CAECULA
440
BURSIDAE
002
CAENOZOIC
374
BUTHIDAE
249, 294
CAIRO DE SIQUIRRES
073, 292
BUTORIDES VIRESCENS
298
CALAMAROSTIS
065
CABO BLANCO
221, 248
CALAPPIDAE
185
CABO VELAS
330, 441
CALIDRIS MELANOTOS
299
CACTOPHAGUS
AUROFASCIATUS
232
CALIFORNIA
004, 114, 119,
276, 321, 344,
399, 488, 489,
492, 495, 496,
CACTOPHAGUS DRAGONI
232
BUBULCUS IBIS
011, 298, 299
CACTOPHAGUS
GASBARRINORUM
232
BUCCANEERS
498
CACTOPHAGUS LINEATUS
232
BUCCINACEA
113, 378
CACTOPHAGUS
LINGORUM
232
BUCCINIDAE
002, 213
BUENOS AIRES DE
UJARRAS
256
BUFO AURITUS
069
BUFO GABBI
069
BUFO HOLDRIDGEI
069
BUFONIDAE
069, 228
BUILDING CORALS
160
BUILT REEF
112
CACTOPHAGUS MORRISI
232
246, 275,
357, 396,
491,
515, 517
CALLIPHORIDAE
042, 328
CALLOPISTRIA
FLORIDENSIS
042
CALOBRYALES
151, 292
CALOSTOMA
300
CALOTOMUS SPINIDENS
361
CACTOPHAGUS
RIESENORUM
232
CALOTOMUS XENODON
361
CACTOPHAGUS SILRON
232
CALVATIA
300
CACTOPHAGUS
SUNATORIORUM
232
CALYCULARIA
192, 292
CACTOSPIZA HELIOBATES
010
CACTOSPIZA PALLIDA
010, 343, 344, 356, 358
CADDISFLIES
142
BULLA PUNCTULATA
274
CADUCIELLA
GUANGDONGENSIS
391
BULLIDAE
CADUCIELLA MARIEI
28
CALYMMODESMUS
MONTANUS
107
CALYMMODESMUS
SODALIS
107
CALYMPERACEAE
335, 349
CALYMPERES
DISCIFORME
335
CALYMPERES DONNELLII
335, 349
CALYMPERES
LONCHOPHYLLUM
335
352
CAMPANULIDAE
494
CAMPANULINIDAE
495
CANAVALIA
GRANDIFLORA
352
CAMPONOTUS BIOLLEYI
084
CANAVALIA
HAWAIIENSIS
352
CALYPOGEIA
292
CAMPONOTUS
COCOENSIS
084
CANAVALIA
HIRSUTISSIMA
352
CALYPOGEIACEAE
292
CAMPYLONEURUM
035, 038
CANAVALIA LINEATA
352
CALYPOGELACEAE
124, 151
CAMPYLOPUS
SAVANNARUM
335
CANAVALIA
MACROBOTRYS
352
CANACIDAE
042, 044
CANAVALIA
MACROPLEURA
352
CALYMPERES
NICARAGUENSE
335
CALYPTOCEPHALA
BREVICORNIS
236
CALYPTOCEPHALA
MARGINIPENNIS
236
CALYPTOTHECIUM
DUPLICATUM
349
CALYPTRAEIDAE
333
CAMARHYNCHUS
CACTOSPIZA
397
CAMARHYNCHUS
HELIOBATES
303, 342, 346
CAMARHYNCHUS
PALLIDA
303, 342, 343, 344, 346
CAMARHYNCHUS
PARVULUS
010, 303, 342, 343, 344,
346, 356, 358
CAMARHYNCHUS PAUPER
010, 303, 342, 343, 344,
346, 358
CAMARHYNCHUS
PSITTACULA
010, 303, 342, 343, 344,
346, 356, 358
CAMARHYNCHUSPAUPER
356
CAMPANOCOLEA
292
CAMPANULARIDAE
494, 495
CAMPANULARIIDAE
229
CANADA
104, 260
CAÑAS (CANTON)
068, 069, 072, 153, 302
CANAVALIA ACUMINATA
352
CANAVALIA
MADAGASCARIENSIS
352
CANAVALIA MARITIMA
352
CANAVALIA AURITA
352
CANAVALIA
MATTOGROSSENSIS
352
CANAVALIA BICARINATA
352
CANAVALIA MATUDAE
352
CANAVALIA BOLIVIANA
352
CANAVALIA MEGALANTHA
352
CANAVALIA
BONARIENSIS
352
CANAVALIA MOLLIS
352
CANAVALIA
BRASILIENSIS
352
CANAVALIA CONCINNA
352
CANAVALIA DICTYOTA
352
CANAVALIA ENSIFORMIS
352
CANAVALIA EURYCARPA
352
CANAVALIA GALEATA
352
CANAVALIA GLABRA
352
CANAVALIA
MOLOKAIENSIS
352
CANAVALIA NITIDA
352
CANAVALIA OBIDENSIS
352
CANAVALIA OXYPHYLLA
352
CANAVALIA PALMERI
352
CANAVALIA PAPUANA
352
CANAVALIA PARVIFLORA
352
CANAVALIA GLADIATA
352
CANAVALIA
PLAGIOSPERMA
352
CANAVALIA GLADIOLATA
CANAVALIA PUBESCENS
29
352
CANAVALIA RAIATEËNSIS
352
CANAVALIA RAMOSII
352
CANAVALIA
SEPTENTRIONALIS
352
CANAVALIA SERICEA
352
CANAVALIA VILLOSA
352
CARCARHINIDAE
270, 462
CARNIVORES
199
CARCHARHINID SHARK
177
CAROLINE ARCHIPELAGO
402
CARCHARHINIDAE
194, 313, 334, 360, 365
CARPODECTES ANTONIAE
180
CARCHARHINIFORMES
270, 313, 462
CARRILLOS DE POAS
020, 065
CARCHARHINUS
FALCIFORMIS
177, 313, 334
CARRYING CAPACITY
121
CARYOPHYLLIA
PERCULTA
376
CANAVALIA VIROSA
352
CARCHARODON
CARCHARIAS
334
CANAVALIA VITIENSIS
352
CARCINOPHORIDAE
042
CANCELLARIA
(BIVETIELLA) PULCRA
267
CARDIOCONDYLA
ECTOPIA
418
CANCELLARIACEA
267
CARDISOMA CRASSUM
033, 064, 302
CANCELLARIIDAE
002
CARDITA AVICULINA
384
CANCELLUS TANNERI
052
CARDITACEA
384
CANNACEAE
250
CARETTA CARETTA
336
CANTHARUS (POLLIA)
FUMOSUS
113
CARIBBEAN
031, 040, 044,
106, 114, 201,
246, 259, 260,
335, 338, 344,
355, 370, 372,
389, 398, 418,
CANTHARUS FRAGARIUS
378
CANTHARUS REHDERI
267
CANTHIDERMIS
MACULATUS
360
CAPE VERDE ISLANDS
402
CAPRA
278, 351
CAPRIMULGIFORMES
104
CAPSIEMPIS FLAVEOLA
012
CARANGIDAE
194, 365
CARANGOISDES
ORTHOGRAMMUS
177
CARYOPHYLLIA SOLIDA
376
CARYOPHYLLIIDAE
201, 376
CASSIDAE
333
CASSIDIDAE
002
CASSIDINAE
236
CASSIDINI
236
073,
209,
320,
349,
385,
423
CASSIS VIBEX MEXICANA
333
095,
231,
CATALOGUES
260, 300, 312, 347
352,
386,
CATIE
129, 166, 168, 232, 240,
242, 291
CARIBBEAN COAST
161, 165, 526
CARIBBEAN IGNEOUS
PROVINCE
405, 406
CATOPTROPHORUS
SEMIPALMATUS
299
CAUDALEJEUNEA
292
CARIBBEAN PLATE
511, 513, 514, 522, 528,
529, 533, 539, 540, 542,
543, 544, 554, 563,
564, 567
CAUDATA
228, 348
CARIBBEAN SEA
383, 509
CAVOLINIIDAE
002, 281
CARIDEA
231
CAYMAN ISLANDS
260
CARIDEANS
204
CECIDOMYIIDAE
042
CARNEGIE RIDGE
273
CECROPIA
166
30
CAVOLINIA UNCINATA
281
342, 343, 344, 356, 358
CECROPIA OBTUSIFOLIA
031
CECROPIA PELTATA
031
CECROPIA PITTIERI
031
CENTRUROIDES
KOESTERI
294
CENTRUROIDES
LIMBATUS
294
CERVANTES (DISTRITO)
107
CERVIDAE
278
CECROPIA POLYPHLEBIA
031
CENTRUROIDES
SUBGRANOSUS
294
CETACEANS
128, 146, 148, 176, 177,
190, 198, 227, 313, 334,
421
CECROPIACEAE
166
CEPHAELIS TETRAGONA
059
CETORHINUS MAXIMUS
334
CEDRELA FISSILIS
420
CEPHALASPIDEA
274
CHACTAS EXSUL
249, 294
CEDROS ISLAND
400
CEPHALOPODA
002, 003, 032, 379
CHACTIDAE
249, 294
CELASTRACEAE
059, 420
CEPHALOPTERUS
GLABRICOLLIS
180
CHAENOPSIDAE
194, 254, 314, 341, 365,
387, 438
CELASTRUS
VULCANICOLUS
059
CEPHALOZIA
292
CHAENOPSIS SCHMITTI
314, 341
CELESTUS
068
CEPHALOZIACEAE
124, 151, 292
CHAETODONTIDAE
194, 365
CENOZOIC
296, 320, 572
CEPHALOZIELLA
292
CHALCOPHORINI
101
CENTRAL AMERICAN
VOLCANIC ARC
526, 543, 545, 554, 574
CEPHALOZIELLACEAE
192, 292
CHAMPION ISLAND
113
CEPHALOZIOPSIS
292
CHANIDAE
194, 365
CERAMBYCIDAE
047, 048, 108, 238, 239
CHARACTER VARIATION
118
CERATOLEJEUNEA
292
CHARACTERIZATION
183
CERATOLEUJENEA
192
CHARADRIIDAE
298, 299
CENTRECHINUS
MEXICANUS
442
CERATOPOGONIDAE
042
CHARADRIIFORMES
132
CENTRES OF ORIGIN
362, 363
CERIANTIPATHARIA
214
CHARADRIUS
SEMIPALMATUS
298
CENTROLENE
069
CERITHIACEA
096, 383, 384
CENTROLENIDAE
069, 228
CERITHIIDAE
002, 079
CENTROSTEPHANUS
CORONATUS
442
CERITHIUM ADUSTUM
079
CENTRAL COSTA RICA
DEFORMATION
572
CENTRECHINIDAE
442
CENTRECHINOIDA
442
CENTRUROIDES BICOLOR
294
CENTRUROIDES
GRACILIS
294
CERTHIDEA
397
CERTHIDEA BIFASCIATA
010
CERTHIDEA OLIVACEA
31
CHARADRIUS WILSONIA
299
CHARIDOTELLA
(CHAEROCASSIS)
ANNEXA
236
CHARIDOTELLA
(CHAEROCASSIS)
EMARGINATA
236
CHARIDOTELLA
(CHARIDOTELLA)
HOEGBERGI
236
188
CHARIDOTELLA
(CHARIDOTELLA)
SEXPUNCTATA
236
CHERSODROMIA
042
CHEMNITZIA RANGI
143
CHARIDOTIS INCINCTA
236
CHARIDOTIS LEPRIEURI
236
CHARLES ISLAND
086
CHARONIA TRITONIS
TRITONIS
001
060,
151,
294,
404,
469,
476,
CHILE
090, 091, 259, 260, 275,
276, 320
CHILOCONGER
440
CHARONIA TRITONIS
096, 288
CHECKLISTS
002, 032, 042,
107, 124, 148,
194, 205, 232,
312, 365, 372,
422, 460, 461,
472, 473, 474,
484, 505
CHICOREUS
(PHYLLONOTUS)
EVERSONI
215
082,
170,
420,
470,
CHILOPODS
057, 083, 370
CHILOSCYPHUS
292
CHINA
352
CHIRONOMIDAE
042, 098
CHITON GOODALLI
094
CHEILEA EQUESTRIS
333
CHITON STOKESI
079
CHEILICHTHYS
ANNULATUS
438
CHITON STOKESII
094
CHEILOLEJEUNEA
192, 292
CHEILYMENIA FIMICOLA
245
CHEILYMENIA
THELEBOLOIDES
245
CHITONIDAE
002, 079, 094, 279
CHLAMYDOPUS
300
CHLIDONOPHORA
320
CHLOEIA VIRIDIS
437
CHONDRODESMUS
ACUTICOLLIS
107
CHONDRODESMUS
EULIOTUS
107
CHONDRODESMUS
FALCIPHALLUS
107
CHONDRODESMUS
GRANOSUS
045, 107
CHONDRODESMUS
HOFFMANNI
045, 107
CHONDRODESMUS
RODRIGUEZI
107
CHONDRODESMUS
SINGULARIS
107
CHORDATES
003, 004, 010,
013, 014, 017,
028, 029, 054,
062, 068, 069,
090, 094, 104,
119, 120, 123,
131, 132, 133,
141, 146, 148,
155, 162, 174,
176, 177, 180,
193, 194, 196,
202, 203, 205,
220, 221, 222,
225, 226, 227,
254, 268, 270,
275, 276, 278,
286, 298, 299,
308, 310, 313,
315, 316, 317,
330, 331, 334,
338, 341, 342,
344, 345, 346,
356, 357, 358,
361, 364, 365,
375, 377, 386,
395, 397, 398,
417, 419, 421,
435, 438, 440,
462, 470, 473,
502
011,
025,
060,
071,
109,
128,
135,
150,
175,
190,
198,
219,
223,
228,
271,
284,
303,
314,
319,
336,
343,
348,
359,
369,
387,
403,
434,
453,
474,
012,
026,
077,
112,
140,
152,
191,
199,
224,
237,
285,
305,
329,
337,
351,
360,
CHELICERATES
041, 095, 114, 126, 163,
389
CHLORIDE
577
CHELODESMIDAE
099, 107
CHLORIDOIDEAE
065
CHELONIA MYDAS
155, 336
CHLORIS
065
CHELONIIDAE
155, 228, 336
CHLOROPIDAE
042
CHELYCYPRAEA
339
CHLOROTETTIX
CANOLATERUS
049
CHRIOLEPIS ATRIMELUM
162
CHONDRICHTHYES
270, 313, 462
CHRIOLEPIS CUNEATA
133
CHELYDRIDAE
228
392,
412,
461,
475,
CHOREUTIDAE
074
CHEMISTRY
32
CHOROLOGY
245
CHRIOLEPIS DIALEPTA
133
CHRISTMAS ISLAND
363
CHROLOGY
300
CHROMODORIDIDAE
281
CHROMODORIS
BAUMANNI
281
CHROMOSOME NUMBER
016
348
CIDARIDAE
143, 211, 304, 338, 388,
442
CIDAROIDA
143, 211, 304, 338, 388,
442
CILIOPHORA
353
CINNA
065
CIRCUM-PACIFIC
SUBDUCTION ZONES
546, 558
CHRONDRODESMUS
SINGULARIS
045
CIROLANA PARVA
400
CHRONOLOGY
526
CIROLANIDAE
400
CHRYSOMELIDAE
236
CIRRHITICHTHYS
CORALLICOLA
361
CHRYSOPERLA EXTERNA
COCOSENSIS
093
CHRYSOPETALIDAE
437
CHRYSOPIDAE
093
CHRYSOPS TANYCERAS
043
CHRYSOTUS ACUTUS
106
CHRYSOTUS BAERTI
373
CIRRHITICHTHYS
OXYCEPHALUS
361
CIRRHITIDAE
194, 361, 365, 438
CIRRHITUS RIVULATUS
438
CIRRIPEDIA
477
CISCHWEINFIA
184
CLADISTIC ANALYSIS
240
CLIBADIUM
ACUMINATUM
247
CLIBADIUM ANCEPS
247
CLIBADIUM EGGERSII
247
CLIBADIUM
GLOMERATUM
247
CLIBADIUM GRANDE
247
CLIBADIUM
GRANDIFOLIUM
247
CLIBADIUM LEIOCARPUM
247
CLIBADIUM LEIOCARPUM
VAR. STRIGOSUM
247
CLIBADIUM PITTIERI
247
CLIBADIUM SCHULZII
247
CLIBADIUM
SURINAMENSE
247
CLIBADIUM SYLVESTRE
247
CLIDEMIA BIOLLEYANA
423
CLIDEMIA CAPITELLATA
423
CLIDEMIA CHINANTLANA
423
CHRYSOTUS
BREVICORNIS
373
CLADOCORA DEBILIS
443
CHRYSOTUS BREVISPINA
373
CLADOCORA PACIFICA
376
CHRYSOTUS LATIFACIES
373
CLADOCORYNIDAE
495
CHRYSOTUS MEXICANUS
373
CLADOGRAMS
044, 067
CLIDEMIA
COSTARICENSIS
423
CHUSQUEA
065
CLARION ISLAND
506
CLIDEMIA CYMIFERA
423
CICADELLIDAE
049
CLATHRUS
300
CLIDEMIA DENTATA
423
CICHLASOMA
CITRINELLUM
348
CLAVARIACEAE
053
CLIDEMIA DEPENDENS
423
CLAVIDAE
494, 495
CLIDEMIA DEPPEANA
423
CICHLIDAE
33
CLIDEMIA CILIATA
061
CLIDEMIA CORONATA
423
423
CLIDEMIA DIFFUSA
423
CLIDEMIA REITZIANA
423
CLIDEMIA DONNELLSMITHII
423
CLIDEMIA RETICULATA
423
CLIDEMIA EPIPHYTICA
423
CLIDEMIA RUBRA
423
CLIDEMIA FRATERNA
423
CLIDEMIA SERRULATA
423
CLIDEMIA GRACILIPES
423
CLIDEMIA SESSILIFLORA
423
CLIDEMIA GRACILIS
423
CLIDEMIA SETOSA
061, 423
CLIDEMIA
GRANDULIFERA
423
CLIDEMIA SPECTABILIS
061, 423
CLIDEMIA
HETEROPHYLLA
061
CLIDEMIA HIRTA
423
CLIDEMIA INVOLUCRATA
423
CLIDEMIA JURUENSIS
061
CLIDEMIA LAXIFLORA
423
CLIDEMIA MORTONIANA
423
CLIDEMIA NAEVULA
423
CLIDEMIA NEGLECTA
423
CLIDEMIA NOVEMNERVIA
423
CLIDEMIA SPRUCEI
061
CLIDEMIA STRIGILLOSA
423
CLIDEMIA SUBMONTANA
423
CLIDEMIA TACOCOIDEA
061
CLIDEMIA TESTICULATA
061, 423
CLIDEMIA TOCOCOIDEA
423
CLIDEMIA TONDUZII
423
CLIDEMIA TRICHOCALYX
423
CLIDEMIA TRICHOGONA
423
CLIDEMIA TRICHOPODA
423
122,
223,
359,
394,
502
195,
283,
361,
399,
208,
316,
364,
416,
214, 215,
333, 336,
369,
461, 473,
CLUTCH SIZE
014
CLYPEASTER
EUROPACIFICUS
442
CLYPEASTER OCHRUS
442
CLYPEASTER ROTUNDUS
442
CLYPEASTEROIDA
338
CLYPEASTRIDAE
442
CLYTIA CYLINDRICA
494
CLYTIA FASCICULARIS
495
CLYTIA GRACILIS
229
CLYTIA SERIATA
495
CLYTIA UNIVERSITATIS
495
CNEMIDARIA
CARACASANA VAR.
MERIDENSIS
210
CNEMIDARIA COCLENA
210
CNEMIDARIA
MACROSORA
210
CLIDEMIA TUERCKHEIMII
423
CNEMIDARIA
PSEUDONANA
210
CLIMATE
070
CNEMIDOPHORUS
068
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
112, 316
CNEMOTRICCUS
012
CLIDEMIA PURPUREOVIOLACEA
423
CLIMATOLOGY
200
CNETUS
058
CLIDEMIA RADICANS
423
CLINGFISH
131
CLIDEMIA RAMIFLORA
423
CLINIDAE
417
CNIDARIA
009, 135, 160,
171, 195, 201,
248, 304, 393,
450, 468, 494,
CLIDEMIA REFLEXA
CLIPPERTON ISLAND
CLIDEMIA OBLONGA
423
CLIDEMIA OMBROPHILA
423
CLIDEMIA PUBESCENS
061, 423
34
161, 164,
218, 229,
443,
495
COASTS
070
024,
407,
516,
520,
530,
538,
542,
551,
566,
COBANO EARTHQUAKE
513
CODONIACEAE
151
COCCONOTUS
BELLICOSUS
042
COELENTERATE
ASSOCIATE
214
COCCYZUS FERRUGINEUS
COELENTERATE HOSTS
218
CNIDOSCYPHUS
MARGINATUS
229
CNISMATOCENTRUM
320
255,
416,
517,
521,
532,
539,
544,
555,
569,
266,
512,
518,
524,
535,
540,
547,
556,
570,
273,
513,
519,
527,
536,
541,
548,
557,
572
306,
515,
529,
537,
550,
563,
180, 299, 317
COELENTERATES
201, 214, 218, 248, 376,
504
COCHRANELLA
TALAMANCAE
069
COCONOTUS KUSCHELI
197
COCONOTUS WILLIAMSI
197
COEREBA FLAVEOLA
344
COI GENE
388
COCONUT PALM
362, 363, 466
COCORNIS AGASSIZI
054
COLANTHURA
SQUAMOSISSIMA
399
COCOS CUCKOO
317
COLEONYX
068
COCOS FINCH
010, 025, 062, 180, 305,
317, 319, 337, 345, 348,
397, 419
COLEOPTERA
005, 018, 047,
101, 104, 105,
152, 166, 197,
236, 238, 239,
448, 510
COCOS FLYCATCHER
012, 013, 014, 034, 071,
077, 268, 317
COCOS NUCIFERA
362, 363, 466
COCOS PLATE
255, 295, 296,
511, 512, 514,
524, 525, 526,
528, 531, 533,
539, 542, 543,
547, 549, 552,
554, 557, 558,
561, 562, 564,
568, 571, 572,
574, 575, 576,
COCOS RIDGE
297,
522,
527,
534,
545,
553,
559,
565,
573,
577,
538,
546,
560,
567,
048, 100,
108, 114,
232,
324, 385,
COLEOPTERAN HOSTS
114, 152
COLOBODESMUS
BIOLLEYI
107
COLOBOGNATHA
045
COLODESMUS BIOLLEYI
045
578
COLOLEJEUNEA
292
35
073,
246,
293,
335,
363,
390,
415,
438,
488,
494,
119,
247,
352,
370,
420,
439,
495,
COLONIA COLONUS
077
COLUBRARIA
(COLUBRARIA)
LUCASENSIS
217
COLUBRARIA
(COLUBRARIA)
OCHSNERI
217
COLUBRARIA JORDANI
333
COLUBRARIA
LUCASENSIS
333
COLUBRARIIDAE
217, 333
COLLECTING STATIONS
441
406,
523,
COLOMBIA
040, 059, 061,
201, 209, 215,
260, 275, 276,
302, 323, 330,
355, 360, 361,
372, 386, 389,
394, 398, 402,
423, 436, 437,
440, 442, 443,
489, 491, 492,
496, 502
COLOUR VARIETY
348
COELOPHRYS
412
COELOSTATHMA
INSULARIS
186
COCONOTUS
TUBERCULATUS
197
COLOLEJEUUNEA
192
COLONIZATION
324
COELOGLUTUS
106
COCKROACHES
080
COLOLEJEUNEOIDEAE
292
COLUMBELLA
SONSONATENSIS
262
COLUMBELLIDAE
002, 262
COLUMBIFORMES
473
COLUMNEA
DICTYOPHYLLA
059
COLURA
192, 292
COMMELINACEAE
250
COMMENSALISM
033, 064, 302
COMMON IMAGE GATHER
566
COMMON NEARSHORE
SPECIES
194, 365
COMMUNITIES
220, 518
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE
077, 160, 195
COMPARATIVE
MORPHOLOGY
092, 102, 103
COMPARETTIA
184
COMPARISON
098, 100
COMPETITION
008
COMPLEX
518
104
245
CONIROSTRUM
SPECIOSUM
344
COOKEINA TRICHOLOMA
245
CONOCEPHALUS
SALTATOR
081
CONOCEPHYALUS
ANGUSTIFRONS
081
CONOLOPHUS
336
COOKEINA VENEZUELAE
245
COOKENIA SPECIOSA
245
COOKEOLUS JAPONICUS
123
COOPERATIVE
BEHAVIOUR
310
CONSERVATION
023, 027, 194, 244, 277,
395, 409, 421
COPEPODS
434
CONSTRAINTS
255, 296, 536
COPRINACEAE
053
CONTINENTAL MARGIN
522, 531, 533, 549
COPTOCYCLA
(COPTOCYCLA)
ORBICULATA
236
CONULUS
076
CORAL BLEACHING
194
COMPOSITION OF THE
MANTLE
261, 405
CONUS
476
COMPUTER SIMULATION
363
CONUS BRUNNEUS
079
CONACEA
007, 264, 379, 506
CONUS DALLI
333
CORAL REEF
DEGRADATION
160
CONCENTROTHECA
VAUGHANI
376
CONUS EBRAEUS
333
CORAL REEF ECOLOGY
160
CONUS GARCIAI
347
CORAL REEFS
009, 027, 122, 135, 160,
161, 164, 171, 194, 218,
248, 304, 364, 443,
450, 468, 526
CONDYLOSTYLUS
106
CONDYLOSTYLUS
DENTATICAUDA
373
CONDYLOSTYLUS
LONGICORNIS
373
CONEUPLECTA
085
CONFIRMATION OF
OCCURRENCE
120
CONGO
114
CONGRIDAE
194, 365, 440
CONUS GRADATUS
THAANUMI
347
CONUS HARLANDI
347
CONUS KALAFUTI
347
CONUS MAHOGANI
264
CONVALLARIACEAE
250
CONVECTION CURRENTS
AND MANTLE PLUMES
405
CONIDAE
002, 079, 264, 333, 347,
476
CONVERGENT MARGIN
295, 518, 522, 536, 549,
550, 555, 557, 560, 561,
562, 565, 570, 574,
578
CONIFEROPSIDA
COOKEINA COLENSOI
36
CORAL MORTALITY
027, 135
CORAL TERRACES
570
CORALLIOPHILA
NERITOIDES
288
CORALLIOPHILA
ROCASUCIAE
215, 252, 347
CORALLIOPHILIDAE
214
CORALLIOZETUS
ANGELICA
341
CORALLIOZETUS
CARDONAE
341
CORALLIOZETUS
SPRINGERI
341
CORALS
161, 164, 171, 201, 450
CORONIDA BRADYI
402
516, 527, 534, 547, 552,
565
CRETACEOUS
526
COSTA RICA-COLOMBIA
FRONTIER DELIMITATION
070
CRETACEOUS TO RECENT
374
CRIBRARULA
339
CORONIDA COCOSIANA
086, 402
COSTA RICA-NICARAGUA
FRONTIER DELIMITATION
070
CORONIDA GLASSELLI
402
COSTABRIMMA
260
CORONIDA SCHMITTI
165, 402
COSTACEAE
250
CORTADERIA
065
COTINGA RIDGWAYI
180
CRISPATOTROCHUS
TENISON
376
CORTICIACEAE
053
COTINGIDAE
180
CROCODILIA
228
CORYNIDAE
495
COTONOPSIS DEROYAE
267
CROCODYLIDAE
228
CORYPHAENOIDES
ANGULICEPS
276
COTYPUS COCOENSIS
438
CROSSOTOLEJEUNEA
192
COULTER, JOHN
351
CRUCIBULUM
300
COURTSHIP
010, 395
CRUISES
187
COUSSAREA IMITANS
088
CRUSTACEANS
033, 052, 064, 086,
112, 165, 178, 185,
205, 207, 231, 251,
302, 322, 396, 399,
402, 434, 446, 477,
CORYPHAENOIDES
BULBICEPS
276
CORYPHAENOIDES
CARMINIFER
276
CORYPHAENOIDES
DELSOLARI
276
CORYPHOETERUS
UROSPILUS
357
CORYTHOPHANES
068
CORYTHOPHANIDAE
228
COSMETIDAE
260
COSMOGENIC
RADIONUCLIDES
565
COSMOPOLITES
232
COSTA RICA
ACCRETIONARY PRISM
295, 296, 516, 518, 527,
530, 547, 555, 566
COSTA RICA DOME
307, 353
COSTA RICA RIFT
CRANCHIIDAE
002
CRANE FLIES
055
CRANIA
320
CRINOIDEA
301
CRISPATOTROCHUS
GALAPAGENSIS
376
097,
204,
400,
493
CRUSTAL STRUCTURE
517, 519, 531, 533, 535,
541, 551, 559, 560, 570
CRYPTHELIA CYMAS
393
CRANIDAE
260
CREAGRUS FURCATUS
132
CRENATOSQUILLA
OCULINOVA
251
CRENELLA DIVARICATA
489
CRYPTHELIA
DACTYLOPOMA
393
CRYPTHELIA EUEIDES
393
CRYPTHELIA GIGANTEA
393
CRENILABIUM VENUSTUS
274
CRYPTHELIA
GLEBULENTA
393
CREPIDULA ACULEATA
333
CRYPTHELIA LACUNOSA
393
CRESEIS ACICULA
281
CRYPTOCHILA
292
CRESEIS VIRGULA
281
CRYPTOCHLOA
065
37
CRYPTOGYNOLEJEUNEA
292
CULEX SPHINX
030
CRYPTOMITRIUM
292
CULICIDAE
030, 042, 043
CRYPTOPIDAE
057
CUPRESSACEAE
250
CRYPTOPORA
320
CURCULIONIDAE
197
CRYPTOPYGIELLA
106
CURCULIONOIDEA
152
CRYPTOSTRAKON GABBI
243
CURRENTS INFLUENCE
ON REEF BUILDING
112
CRYPTOTHALLUS
292
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
338
CRYTOCENTRUM
184
CTENITIS
035, 038
CTENOCHAETUS
CYANOGUTTATUS
360
CTENONOTUS
017
CTENOPHORA
504
CTENOSAURUS
068
CUBA
073, 114, 246, 259, 260,
320, 338, 352, 355, 372,
418, 423
CUBANASTER TORREI
338
CUBOZOA
161
CUCULIDAE
180, 299
CUCULIFORMES
317
CULEX (CULEX) DOHENYI
030
CULEX DOHENYI
042
CULEX NIGRIPALPUS
030
CULEX SCIMITAR
030
CYATHEA
035
CYCLOLEJEUNEA
ACCEDENS
173
CYCLOLEJEUNEA
CHITONIA
173
CYCLOLEJEUNEA
CONVEXISTIPA
173
CYCLOLEJEUNEA
LUTEOLA
173
CYCLOLEJEUNEA
PERUVIANA
173
CYCLOSERIS MEXICANA
443
CYATHEA ALFONSIANA
037, 038, 210
CYATHEA ANDINA
210
CYATHEA GRAYUMII
210
CYATHEA
HOLDRIDGEANA
037, 210
CYATHEA NOTABILIS
038
CYATHEA ONUSTA
210
CYATHEA PANAMENSIS
210
CYLICHNA ATAHUAPA
274
CYLICHNELLA GOSLINERI
274
CYLICHNELLA
TABOGAENSIS
274
CYLICHNIDAE
274
CYLINDROCOLEA
192, 292
CYMATIIDAE
001, 002
CYATHEA SQUARROSA
210
CYMATIUM
(GUTTURNIUM)
MURICINUM
212
CYATHEACEAE
035, 037, 210, 340, 355
CYMATIUM AMICTUM
333
CYATHEALES
037
CYMATIUM
NICOBARICUM
383
CYATHODIUM
292
CYATHOPHORA
326
CYATHUS
300
CYMATOPUS CHEESMANI
106
CYMODOCEACEAE
250
CYNODON
065
CYCADOPHYTA
250
CYCLANTHACEAE
250
CYCLOLEJEUNEA
292
38
CYNORTA
260
CYNORTA INSULARIS
058
CYNORTELLANA
260
CYNORTOPERNA
260
CYPERUS HAYESII
072
CYNORTULA
260
CYPERUS
HERMAPHRODITUS
072
CYNOSURUS
065
CYPERACEAE
020, 072, 250, 253
CYPERALES
020, 072, 253
CYPERUS HERNDONIAE
072
CYPERUS HUMILIS
072
CYPERUS IMBRICATUS
072
CYPERUS
ALBOMARGINATUS
072
CYPERUS INVOLUCRATUS
072
CYPERUS AMABILIS
072
CYPERUS IRIA
072
CYPERUS AMPLUS
072
CYPERUS ISCHNOS
072
CYPERUS ARTICULATUS
072
CYPERUS LANCEOLATUS
072
CYPERUS BIPARTITUS
072
CYPERUS LIGULARIS
072
CYPERUS CANUS
072
CYPERUS LUZULAE
072
CYPERUS CAYENNENSIS
072
CYPERUS MANIMAE
072
CYPERUS CHORISANTHOS
072
CYPERUS
MICROBRUNNEUS
072
CYPERUS COMPRESSUS
072
CYPERUS DENTONIAE
072
CYPERUS DIFFORMIS
072
CYPERUS DIGITATUS
072
CYPERUS ESCULENTUS
072
CYPERUS FLAVESCENS
VAR. FLAVESCENS
072
CYPERUS FLAVESCENS
VAR. PICEUS
072
CYPERUS GIGANTEUS
072
CYPERUS GLOBULOSUS
072
CYPERUS HASPAN
072
CYPERUS MILIIFOLIUS
072
CYPERUS MUTISII
072
072
CYPERUS SIMPLEX
072
CYPERUS SPHACELATUS
072
CYPERUS SURINAMENSIS
072
CYPERUS TENERRIMUS
072
CYPERUS TENUIS
072
CYPERUS TOLUCENSIS
072
CYPERUS TURRIALBANUS
072
CYPERUS UNIOLOIDES
072
CYPERUS VIRENS
072
CYPHOMYIA
WHITEHEADI
237
CYPHON BROMELIUS
100
CYPHON RUFICOLLIS
100
CYPRAEA
096, 339
CYPRAEA (EROSARIA)
CAPUTSERPENTIS
394
CYPERUS NIGER
072
CYPRAEA
CAPUTSERPENTIS
288
CYPERUS NUBIGENUS
072
CYPRAEA ISABELLA
079
CYPERUS OCHRACEUS
072
CYPRAEA MONETA
333
CYPERUS ODORATUS
072
CYPRAEA TALPA
212, 288
CYPERUS PALLENS
072
CYPRAEACEA
282, 374
CYPERUS PANAMENSIS
072
CYPRAEIDAE
002, 079, 096, 212, 282,
288, 333, 339, 374
CYPERUS POLYSTACHYOS
072
CYPERUS PROLIXUS
072
CYPERUS ROTUNDUS
39
CYPRAEOVULA
339
CYPREIDAE
394
CYPROPTERINA
(JENNERIA) PUSTULATA
282, 374
CYSTOLEJEUNEA
292
CYTOCHROME B
331
CYTOCHROME OXIDASE I
GENE
388
DENDROCEROTACEAE
292
397, 435
DARWIN´S FINCHES
305, 344
DASYATIDAE
194, 365
DENDROCTONUS
ADJUNCTUS
114
DENDROCYGNA
AUTUMNALIS
011
DEATH
161
DENDRODORIDIDAE
281
CYTOLOGY
415
DECAPODS
033, 052, 064, 097, 178,
185, 204, 207, 231, 302,
309, 322, 396, 446,
493
DACRYMYCETACEAE
053
DÉCOLLEMENT
552, 565
DENDROICA
PENSYLVANICA
344
DACTYLIS
065
DEEP SEA DRILLING
PROJECT
306, 516, 527, 534, 536,
552, 562
DENDROICA PETECHIA
AUREOLA
299
DEEP SEA SEDIMENTS
561, 565
DENDROPHYLIIDAE
443
DEEP WATER
577
DENDROPHYLLIA
009
DEEPSEA SEDIMENTS
565
DENDROPHYLLIA
JOHNSONI
376
DACTYLOA LATIFRONS
017
DACTYLOA PUNCTATA
017
DACTYLOCTENIUM
065
DACTYLOSCOPIDAE
090, 314
DACTYLOSCOPUS
CINCTUS
090
DACTYLOSCOPUS
LACTEUS
314
DACTYLOSCOPUS
PECTORALIS FALLAX
314
DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOUR
126
DEFORESTATION
023, 164
DEFORMATION
535, 538, 541
DEHYDRATION
536
DENDRODORIS KREBSII
281
DENDROTROCHUS
085
DENNSTAEDTIA
035, 038
DENNSTAEDTIA
GLOBULIFERA
063
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
022, 035, 063, 209
DALLINA
320
DELOCRANIA
PANAMENSIS
236
DALLINELLA
320
DELOCRANIINI
236
DANAEA
035, 038
DELPHINIDAE
146, 148, 176, 177, 190,
198, 227, 310, 313, 421
DEPPEA ANISOPHYLLA
088
DELPHINUS DELPHIS
148, 421
DERMAPTERA
042
DELTOPHALINAE
049
DERMATOLEPIS
PUNCTATUS
438
DANAEA NODOSA
063
DANAIDAE
042
DANAUS PLEXIPPUS
042
DANTHONIA
065
DARWIN'S FINCHES
025, 062, 226, 303, 319,
329, 337, 342, 343, 346,
356, 358, 377, 395,
DENDROBATES
069
DENDROBATIDAE
228
DENDROCEROS
292
40
DENTALINA CF. JUGOSA
496
DENTALINA FILIFORMIS
496
DERMATOLITHON
ASCRIPTICIUM
321
DERMATOLITHON
SAXICOLUM
321
DIACRIA
QUADRIDENTATA
281
DINOFLAGELLATES
353
DIADEMA
122
DINOFLAGELLIDA
353
DIADEMA MEXICANUM
135, 338
DINUCLEOTIDE
358
DIADEMA SAVIGNYI
122
DIODONTHIDAE
194, 365
DIADEMATOIDA
338
DIOGENIDAE
052
DIAPHORUS
106
DIOMEDEA IRRORATA
132
DIASPORUS OMALOPYGE
045
DIOMEDEIDAE
132
DIASPORUS PALMENSIS
045
DIOSCOREACEAE
250
DIASPORUS TYPOTOPYGE
045
DIPLASIOLEJEUNEA
192, 292
DIASTEMA MICRANTHUM
059
DIPLAZIUM ATIRRENSE
136
253,
266,
DIASTEMA
PLATYLOMATUM
059
DIPLAZIUM CHIMUENSE
136
290,
315,
DIBRANCHUS
412
DIPLAZIUM
GOMEZIANUM
136
376,
402,
DICRANACEAE
335, 349
DIPLAZIUM MATAMENSE
158
437,
443,
DICRANELLA
HERMINIERI
349
DIPLAZIUM MORANII
136
DERMOCHELYIDAE
228
DESCHAMPSIA
065
DESCRIPTION
284
DESCRIPTION AND
TRAVEL
498
DESCRIPTIONS
018, 019, 020, 022,
030, 037, 039, 040,
045, 046, 047, 048,
049, 050, 051, 052,
055, 059, 061, 064,
069, 072, 073, 074,
076, 078, 083, 084,
086, 087, 088, 089,
091, 092, 093, 094,
095, 097, 098, 099,
101, 102, 103, 106,
129, 131, 139, 140,
142, 143, 144, 169,
181, 184, 191, 197,
204, 205, 207, 209,
210, 221, 222, 224,
228, 232, 233, 237,
239, 240, 242, 247,
249, 250, 251, 252,
254, 256, 257, 259,
269, 271, 272, 274,
275, 276, 287, 289,
291, 293, 302, 309,
321, 323, 327, 341,
351, 359, 366, 370,
391, 393, 396, 399,
412, 417, 423, 424,
425, 428, 429, 436,
438, 439, 440, 442,
444, 445, 446, 448,
465, 466, 486, 488,
491, 492, 494, 495,
502, 506, 508
026,
041,
054,
068,
085,
090,
100,
108,
171,
201,
225,
238,
489,
496,
DICRANOLEJEUNEA
292
DESMAZIERELLA ACICOLA
245
DICRANOPTERIS
035, 038
DEVELOPMENT
131, 213
DICRANOPTERIS
PECTINATA
063
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
206
DEVELOPMENTAL MODES
231
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
152
DEWATERING
560
DEWATERING PROCESSES
562
DIACRIA QUADIDENTATA
281
DICTYOPTERA
080
DIDYMOCENTRUS KRAUSI
249, 294
DIEFFENBACHIA
302
DIESTOTHYRIS
320
DIPLOASTREA
326
DIPLOCENTRIDAE
249, 294
DIPLOGLOSSUS
068
DIPLOPHYLLUM
292
DIPLOPODS
045, 057, 083, 099, 107
DIPLOTARDIGRADA
021
DIPLOTRIAENA
ATTENUATO-VERRUCOSA
034
DIET
077, 219
DIPLOTRIAENA
MUSCISAXICOLAE
034
DIMORPHISM
178
DIPLOTRIAENOIDEA
034
41
DIPTERA
030, 033,
046, 055,
106, 237,
373, 434,
042, 043, 044,
064, 091, 098,
302, 328,
508
DIRECTORIES
183
DIRHABDOPHALLUS
HOFFMANNI
083
DISCINISCA
320
DISCOCONULUS
085
DISCOMYCETES
245
DISCOPYGE OMMATA
438
DISCOPYGIELLA
106
DISEASE VECTORS
043
DISPERSAL
122, 226, 324, 331, 340,
358
DISPERSAL AND
DISTRIBUTION
PATTERNS
RELATIONSHIPS
007
DISPERSAL AND
DISTRIBUTION
RELATIONSHIPS
007
DISPERSAL BARRIERS
387
DISPERSAL BY CURRENT
007
DISPLAY
395
DISPLAY PATTERN
007, 109, 308
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
307
DISTICHOPORA
LAEVIGRANULOSA
393
DISTICHOTYPHIS VEMAE
347
DISTINCTIVE TRAITS
382
DISTINGUISHING
CHARACTERS
145
DISTRIBUTIONAL
RECORD
212
DISTISTYLE
098
DISTRIBUTIONS
063
DISTORSIO
JENNIERNESTAE
267
DISTURBANCE
219
DISTRIBUTION
017, 018, 022, 026,
030, 035, 039, 040,
043, 044, 045, 046,
047, 048, 050, 051,
055, 059, 061, 064,
068, 069, 072, 073,
074, 076, 078, 079,
081, 082, 083, 084,
086, 088, 089, 090,
091, 092, 093, 094,
096, 097, 098, 099,
101, 102, 103, 104,
105, 106, 108, 115,
124, 126, 128, 129,
133, 139, 142, 143,
144, 145, 160, 165,
169, 171, 181, 191,
194, 197, 201, 204,
207, 209, 210, 217,
221, 222, 223, 224,
228, 232, 233, 237,
238, 239, 240, 246,
249, 250, 251, 252,
254, 256, 257, 259,
264, 266, 269, 271,
274, 275, 276, 279,
284, 285, 286, 287,
289, 290, 291, 292,
294, 298, 299, 300,
302, 307, 309, 315,
320, 321, 322, 323,
330, 333, 335, 338,
341, 347, 349, 352,
357, 359, 360, 361,
368, 372, 386, 387,
390, 394, 396, 399,
401, 402, 403, 412,
417, 418, 420, 421,
423, 436, 437, 438,
439, 440, 442, 443,
445, 446, 447, 448,
461, 466, 476, 486,
488, 489, 490, 491,
493, 494, 495, 496,
506, 508, 510
DIVERSITY
322, 450
029,
041,
052,
065,
080,
085,
095,
100,
119,
131,
168,
192,
218,
225,
247,
253,
272,
280,
293,
301,
327,
339,
364,
389,
415,
422,
444,
449,
492,
502,
DISTRIBUTION MAPS
020
DISTRIBUTION PATTERN
360
DISTRIBUTION
PATTERNS
007
DISTRIBUTION RECORDS
116
DIVING
110, 160
DNA COMPARISSON
155
DOCUMENTATION
032
DOLABELLA
AURICULARIA
281
DOLABRIFERA
DOLABRIFERA
281
DOLICHONYX
ORYZIVORUS
299
DOLICHOPODIDAE
042, 106, 373
DOLPHINS
146, 421
DOMESTICATION
362, 363
DOMINICA
044, 073, 246
DOMINICAL
009, 248
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
073, 246, 260, 302, 344,
349, 352, 389, 423
DOMINICOMYIA
106
DORYNOTA (AKANTAKA)
BIPLAGIATA
236
DORYNOTII
236
DORYRHAMPHUS
MELANOPLEURA
360
DOTHIDEALES
168
DOXOSPIRA HERTLEINI
347
42
DRACAENACEAE
250
ECHINISCIDAE
021, 257
EAST INDIES
ECHINISCOIDEA
257
333
DREDGING OPERATIONS
432
DREPANOLEJEUNEA
292
DROSOPHILIDAE
042
DRYMAEUS GABBI
243
DRYMAEUS JONASI
243
DRYOPHTHORIDAE
232
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
016, 063, 209
DRYOPTERIS
FLACCISQUAMA
209
DRYOPTERIS PLEIOSORA
063
DUETTING
013
DUMORTIERA
292
DYAKIA
085
DYNAMENA DISTICHA
229
DYNAMICS
405
DYSCOLIA
320
DYSCRITOMYIA
EAST PACIFIC BARRIER
326, 360
EAST PACIFIC RISE
295
ECHINISCUS ARCTOMYS
021
EASTERN ATLANTIC
402
EASTERN PACIFIC
002, 007, 086, 102,
111, 112, 113, 115,
123, 126, 131, 133,
135, 139, 140, 141,
162, 171, 174, 176,
194, 195, 204, 207,
208, 212, 213, 214,
218, 221, 222, 223,
225, 231, 248, 251,
254, 255, 258, 262,
264, 265, 266, 267,
275, 276, 282, 304,
310, 311, 312, 313,
315, 316, 322, 326,
333, 334, 341, 347,
353, 360, 361, 364,
368, 369, 370, 371,
373, 374, 375, 376,
377, 378, 379, 380,
382, 383, 384, 388,
400, 402, 412, 421,
424, 425, 430, 431,
433, 434, 435, 436,
438, 439, 440, 441,
442, 443, 444, 445,
447, 448, 449, 450,
452, 453, 454, 455,
456, 457, 458, 459,
461, 462, 463, 464,
466, 467, 468, 469,
470, 471, 472, 473,
475, 476, 477, 478,
480, 481, 482, 483,
484, 485, 486, 487,
498, 499, 500, 501,
503, 504, 505, 506,
507, 509, 510, 550
ECHINISCUS
ANGOLENSIS
257
110,
116,
146,
191,
217,
224,
263,
273,
ECHINISCUS
BIGRANULATUS
021, 257
ECHINISCUS
CRASSISPINOSUS
021
ECHINODERMS
004, 112, 122, 135, 143,
211, 301, 304, 338, 388,
403, 439, 442
314,
330,
ECHINOIDEA
122, 135, 143, 211, 301,
304, 338, 388, 442
365,
372,
ECHINOMACRURUS
275
381,
392,
ECHINOMETRA ANBRUNTI
211
432,
437,
ECHINOMETRA LUCUNTER
211
446,
451,
ECHINOMETRA OBLONGA
122, 211
460,
465,
ECHINOMETRA
VANBRUNTI
211, 442
474,
479,
497,
502,
328
EARLY CRETACEOUS
326
EASTWARD
COLONIZATION
360
EARLY PLEISTOCENE
526
EBALIA CLARIONENSIS
185
EARLY WORKS TO 1800
498
ECHELIDAE
440
EARTHQUAKE LOCATION
559
ECHENEIDAE
194, 365
EARTHQUAKES
406, 513, 514, 517, 520,
521, 523, 529, 535, 539,
541, 542, 546, 558,
561, 564, 567, 568, 571,
574
ECHINIDAE
442
ECHINOMETRA VIRIDIS
211
ECHINOMETRIDAE
442
ECHINOTHRIX
122
ECHINOTHRIX DIADEMA
122
ECHO SOUNDINGS
354
ECHOLOCATION
310
ECOGEOGRAPHY
144
ECOLOGICAL NICHE
218, 268, 419
ECHINISCIDA
021
43
ECOLOGICAL
RESTORATION
435
ECOLOGICAL VERSUS
EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
268
ECOLOGY
055, 084,
144, 145,
219, 220,
300, 304,
373, 389,
409
129,
173,
228,
316,
390,
130,
181,
246,
322,
392,
131,
189,
369,
403,
EL SALVADOR
023, 045, 107,
260, 290, 291,
322, 352, 355,
420, 441, 489,
553, 554, 573
230, 233,
294, 301,
396,
543, 545,
ELACATINUS DIGUETI
224
ELACATINUS INORNATUS
133, 224
ECOSYSTEMS
154, 183
ELACATINUS JANSSI
224
ECOTOURISM
121, 127, 156, 157, 175,
187, 409, 450
ELACATINUS LIMBAUGHI
224
ELACATINUS NESIOTES
133, 224
ECTOPARASITE
143
ECUADOR
005, 011, 016,
066, 082, 086,
129, 143, 160,
178, 195, 197,
221, 223, 224,
246, 247, 260,
276, 296, 302,
330, 349, 352,
365, 372, 390,
401, 402, 415,
437, 438, 439,
443, 488, 489,
492, 494, 495,
525
040,
090,
164,
204,
233,
275,
322,
360,
396,
417,
441,
491,
496,
059,
091,
209,
240,
323,
363,
ELACATINUS
PUNCTICULATUS
224
ELAENIINAE
012
ELAPHOGLOSSACEAE
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
CRINITUM
063
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
DAVIDSEI
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
DELGADILLOANUM
256
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
ELLIPTICIFOLIUM
256
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
EXIMIIFORME
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
FULIGINOSUM
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
GLOEORRHIZUM
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
GRAYUMII
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
035, 038, 256
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
HETEROCHROUM
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
ANDERSONII
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
INCOGNITUM
256
EFFECTS ON FOOD
INTAKE
313
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
ANDICOLA
256
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
KILLIPII
137
EGG
126, 212
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
ANGUSTIFRONS
256
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
LANCEIFORME
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
APODUM
063
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
LANKESTERI
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
AURIPILUM
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
LATIFOLIUM
256
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
BRENESII
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
MESOAMERICANUM
256
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
CAROLIAE
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
MICROPOGON
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
COCOSENSE
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
MITORRHIZUM
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
CORREAE
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
MONTGOMERYI
137
EGG CLUSTER
OBSERVATIONS
212
EGGERSIA
247
EGGS
014
EGRETTA
348
EGRETTA CAERULEA
298
EGRETTA THULA
298, 299
EL NIÑO EFFECT
326
EL NIÑO SOUTHERN
OSCILLATION
135, 160, 316, 326
436,
442,
524,
44
442
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
MORANII
137
ELEOTRIS
ANNOBONENSIS
386
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
NICARAGUENSE
256
ELEOTRIS DAGANENSIS
386
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
PALLIDIFORME
137
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
POLYPODIUM
256
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
REJEROANUM
256
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
REPTANS
256
ENCOPE GRANDIS
143
ELEOTRIS PERNIGER
386
ELEOTRIS PICTA
119, 386
ELEOTRIS PICTUS
357
ENDANGERED SPECIES
124, 243
ELEOTRIS PISONIS
386
ENDEMISM
026, 291, 294, 324, 328,
340, 344, 348, 355, 362,
386, 387, 389, 413,
510
ELEOTRIS TECTA
119, 386
ELEOTRIS TUBULARIS
119, 386
ELEUSINE
065
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
SPORADOLEPIS
256
ELEUTHERODACTYLUS
CRASSIDIGITUS
069
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
STANDLEYI
137
ELEUTHERODACTYLUS
DUBITUS
069
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
TERRESTRE
256
ELLOBIIDAE
079
ELAPHOGLOSSUM VIRIDE
256
ELAPHOGLOSSUM ZAVALE
256
ENDERBY ISLAND
113
ENDOPACHYS VAUGHANI
443
ENERGY PRODUCTION
230
ENLINIA
106
ENNOMINAE
139, 241
ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE
002
ELYSIIDAE
281
ENSO
316, 326
ELYTROSTACHYS
065
ENTIMINAE
197
EMBALSE ARENAL
291
ELASMOBRANCHII
270, 313, 462
EMBERIZIDAE
010, 025, 062,
303, 305, 317,
337, 342, 343,
345, 346, 348,
359, 377, 395,
435
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
318, 325, 414
EMBERIZINAE
377
ELECTRON CARINATUM
180
EMBIOPTERA
042
ELEOTRIDAE
119, 357, 386
EMPIDIDAE
042, 046
ELEOTRIS AMBLYOPSIS
386
EMPIDONAX
012
ELEOTRIS AMBYOPSIS
386
EMYDIDAE
228
ELAPIDAE
228
ENCOPE PERSPECTIVA
442
ENCOPE WETMOREI
442
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
SARTORII
256
ELAPHOGLOSSUM
VARIABILE
256
ENCOPE IRREGULARIS
442
ENTIMINI
197
150,
319,
344,
356,
397,
226,
329,
358,
419,
ENTODON BEYRICHII
349
ENTODONTACEAE
349
ENTOSTHODON
BONPLANDII
349
ENVIRONMENTAL
EDUCATION
277
ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS
318, 325, 414
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS
027
ENCOPE COCOSI
45
EOCENE
326, 338
EPEIRIDAE
040
EPHYDRIDAE
042
EPIBRYON DECEPTOR
168
EPIBRYON FILIFORME
168
EPIBRYON HEPATICOLA
168
EPIBRYON
HYPOPHYLLUM
168
EPIDENDRUM
ACROSTIGMA
181
EPIDENDRUM
ANGUSTISEGMENTUM
181
EPIDENDRUM
ATRORUGOSUM
181
EPIDENDRUM
ATWOODCHLAMYS
181
EPIDENDRUM ATWOODII
181
EPIDENDRUM BELLOI
181
EPIDENDRUM
BRACHYCLINIUM
181
EPIDENDRUM
BRACHYREPENS
181
EPIDENDRUM
BRACTEOSTIGMA
181
EPIDENDRUM
CAMPBELLSTIGMA
181
EPIDENDRUM INGRAMII
181
ERADICATION
278
EPIDENDRUM
INSULATUM
066
ERAGROSTOIDEAE
065
EPIDENDRUM JIMENEZII
181
EPIDENDRUM
MONOPHLEBIUM
181
EPIDENDRUM
PALMIDIUM
181
EPIDENDRUM
PARADISICOLUM
181
EPIDENDRUM
PARAGUASTIGMA
181
EPIDENDRUM
PENNEYSTIGMA
181
EPIDENDRUM
SIGMOIDEUM
181
EPIDENDRUM
THURSTONORUM
181
EPIDENDRUM
VILLEGASTIGMA
181
ERATOINAE
282
ERECHTHIAS
FLAVISTRIATA
125
ERECHTIAS HOGUEI
125
EREMOTHECELLA
CINGULATA
159
ERGINOIDES
260
ERGINULUS
260
ERINNYIS OBSCURA
147
ERIOCAULACEAE
250
EROSARIA
339
EROSION
135, 220, 522
EROSION RATES
220
ERRADICATION
278
EPIGLYPTA
085
EPINANNOLENE
BICORNIS
045, 107
EPINANNOLENE PITTIERI
045, 057, 083, 107
EPINANNOLENIDAE
107
EPINEPHELIDAE
438
EPIDENDRUM COCOENSE
181
EPINEPHELUS
CLIPPERTONENSIS
502
EPIDENDRUM ELCIMEYAE
181
EPIPHYLLOUS
168
EPIDENDRUM
ERYTHROSTIGMA
181
EPIPHYLLOUS
BRYOPHYTES
200
EPIDENDRUM HORICHII
181
EPISCIA ACAULIS
059
46
ERRINA MACROGASTRA
393
ERRONEA
339
ERYTHRODONTIUM
SQUARROSUM
349
ESCADABIIDAE
260
ETHNOBOTANY
362, 363
ETHOBUNUS
260
ETHOPHALLUS
CERVANTES
107
EUBLEPHARIDAE
068
EUCARIDA
097, 178, 185, 204, 231,
322, 446, 493
EUCIDARIS
211
EUCIDARIS CLAVATA
388
EUCIDARIS
GALAPAGENSIS
304, 388
EUCIDARIS METULARIA
388
EUCIDARIS THOUARSII
143, 388, 442
EUCIDARIS TRIBULOIDES
388
EUCONULIDAE
078
EUCONULUS
085
EUCYNORTA
260
EUCYNORTOIDES
260
EUCYNORTULA
260
EUDENDRIDAE
494, 495
EUDENDRIIDAE
229
EUDENDRIUM CARNEUM
229
EUGENIA BELLOI
290
EUGENIA BREEDLOVEI
290
EUGENIA CARARAENSIS
290
EUGENIA
CERROCACAOENSIS
290
EUGENIA CHAVARRIAE
290
EUGENIA CINTALAPANA
290
290
290
EUGENIA ESTELIENSIS
290
EUGENIA TILARANA
290
EUGENIA FARINACEA
290
EUGENIA VERRUCULATA
290
EUGENIA GOMEZII
290
EUGENIA ZUCHOWSKIAE
290
EUGENIA GRAYUMII
290
EUGNIDIA
260
EUGENIA GRIJALVAE
290
EULIINI
186
EUGENIA HAMMELLII
290
EULIMA PROCA
143
EUGENIA HARTSHORNII
290
EULIMACEA
116, 218
EUGENIA HERRARAE
290
EULIMETTA PAGODA
143
EUGENIA INTIBUCANA
290
EULIMETTA
PAGODASABINELLA
SHASKYI
143
EUGENIA LEMPANA
290
EUGENIA LIESNERI
290
EUGENIA LITHOSPERMA
290
EUGENIA LOCUPLES
290
EUGENIA MAGNIFLORA
290
EUGENIA MCPHERSONII
290
EUGENIA MOLINAE
290
EUGENIA
MONTEVERDENSIS
290
EUGENIA
PALOVERDENSIS
290
EUGENIA QUERCETORUM
290
EUGENIA RIOSAE
290
EULIMIDAE
143, 218, 288
EULIMOSTRACA
BURRAGEI
143
EULIMOSTRACA
LINEARIS
143
EULIMOSTRACA
MACLEANI
143
EUMALACOSTRACA
097, 178, 185, 204, 231,
251, 322, 446, 493
EUMECES
068
EUMYCOTA
053
EUNEORNIS CAMPESTRIS
344
EUPEMPHIX
069
EUPERA PITTIERI
243
EUGENIA COCOSENSIS
290
EUGENIA
SANCARLOSENSIS
290
EUPHORBIACEAE
420
EUGENIA COIBENSIS
290
EUGENIA SELVANA
290
EUPHTHIRACAROIDEA
242, 259
EUGENIA CORUSCA
EUGENIA SHIMISHITO
EUPHTHIRACARUS
47
259
EUPHTHIRACARUS
EVEXUS
242
EUPHTHIRACARUS
PEDANOS
242
EUPHTHIRACARUS
SERANGOS
242
EUPHTHIRACARUS
TESSELATUS
242
EUPHTHIRACARUS
TUMIDUS
242
EUPOECILAEMA
260
EUPONERA STIGMA
084
EUPROGNATHA
GRANULATA
493
EUPTYCTIMA
259
EURHINOCRICUS
BIOLLEYI
107
EURHINOCRICUS
PYGMOIDES
107
EURYCOTIS BIOLLEYI
080
EURYDICE CAUDATA
400
EURYURIDAE
107
EUSIGALION SPINOSUM
436
EUSPHAERIODESMUS
STILIFER
045
EUVOLVA DIEGENSIS
280
FABACEAE/PAP.
352
EUVOLVA SERICEUS
280
FACTORS
062
EVOLUTION
067, 145, 226,
337, 343, 356,
395, 415, 435,
524, 525, 549,
FALCO PEREGRINUS
299
255, 319,
358, 377,
516,
561
EVOLUTIONARY
ADAPTATION
071, 268, 377
EXCESS CRUSTAL
PRODUCTION
576
EXOCOETUS
334
EXOCORALLANA
TRICORNIS
400
EXOCYCLOIDA
442
EXOTIC ANTS
418
EXOTIC PESTS
246
EXOTIC SPECIES
219, 220, 351, 435
EXPEDITIONS
058, 063, 336, 432, 441,
455, 460, 465, 468, 473,
479, 487
EXPLOITATION
277
EXPLORATION
454
EXPLORATION
GEOPHYSICS
297
EXPLORATIONS
429, 501
EXPLORERS
451, 454
FALCONIDAE
299
FALSE KILLER WHALES
146
FALSIYRIA
SUNDERLANDI
347
FARALLON PLATE
295, 296
FARAMEA STANDLEYANA
088
FASCIOLARIIDAE
002
FAULT
538
FAULT PLANE
529, 542
FAULT RUPTURE AREA
514
FAULT ZONES
552, 564, 565, 567
FAULTS
514, 521
FAUNA
206
FAUNAL AFFINITIES
122, 125, 376
FAUNAL COMPARISONS
147
FAUNAL LIST
380, 381, 404
FAUNAL LIST INCLUDING
RARE RECORDS
111
FAUNAL NOTES
112
EUSPHAERIODESMUS
STYLIFER
107
EXSICCATE
169
EUTARDIGRADA
021, 257, 503
EXTENSION
549
EUTERMES
042
EXTENT
160
EUTHYONIDIUM
004
EXTINCTION RISK
244
FAVARTIA (CARIBIELLA)
EROSA
312
FAVARTIA (CARIBIELLA)
PURDYAE
382
48
FAVARTIA (FAVARTIA)
INCISA
312
219, 220, 351, 435
FAVARTIA (MUREXIELLA)
MILDREDAE
368
FERN SEDGE HABITATS
197
FAVARTIA (MUREXIELLA)
SHASKYI
102
FAVARTIA (MUREXIELLA)
VITTATA
312
FERNANDEZIA
184
FERNS
022, 035, 037, 038, 136,
137, 158, 209, 210, 256,
272, 340
191,
205,
225,
313,
331,
361,
386,
412,
462,
193,
221,
254,
314,
334,
364,
387,
417,
475,
194,
222,
270,
315,
341,
365,
392,
438,
502,
202,
223,
271,
316,
348,
375,
398,
440,
526
203,
224,
330,
360,
403,
453,
FISHING
366, 450
FESTUCA
065
FISSIDENS GARBERI
349
FESTUCOIDEAE
065
FISSIDENS RADICANS
335
FIELD GUIDES
194
FISSIDENTACEAE
335
FILELLUM SEPENS
494
FISSION TRACK DATING
556
FILELLUM SERPENS
495
FISSURELLA VIRESCENS
079
FILICALES
022, 035, 209, 272, 340
FISSURELLIDAE
002, 079
FILICES
063
FISTULARIIDAE
194, 365
FEEDING BEHAVIOUR
126, 176, 177, 227, 310,
334, 377
FIMARIA HEPATICA
245
FLAKEA
391
FEEDING COMPETITION
313
FIN COLORATION
119
FLEAS
043
FEEDING ECOLOGY
313
FIRST AND ADDITIONAL
RECORDS
267
FLIES
043
FAVARTIA COCOSENSIS
215, 252, 347
FAVARTIA GARRETTI
096, 288
FAVIIDAE
443
FAVOLASCHIACEAE
053
FEEDING
131, 135, 190, 198
FEEDING ANALYSIS
TECHNIQUES
268
FEEDING ECOLOGY
RELATIONS
377
FEEDING HABITS
043, 219, 249, 305
FEEDING OBSERVATIONS
176
FIRST RECORD
113, 251, 371, 374, 375,
384
FIRST RECORD FOR
EASTERN PACIFIC
115
FEEDING RATE
313
FIRST RECORD FOR
MAINLAND
379
FELIDAE
278
FIRST RECORDS
199, 258, 262, 264, 266
FELIS CATUS
278
FIRSTREPORT
112
FELLHANERA
188
FISH ISOLATION
403
FELLHANERA AVILEZII
144
FISHERIES
230, 277
FELLHANERA EKMANII
144
FISHES
004, 026, 090, 112, 119,
123, 131, 133, 135, 140,
141, 162, 174, 177,
FERAL PIG
FLIRTEA
260
FLOOD CONTROL
230
FLOODPLAINS
230
FLOREANA ISLAND
113
FLORIDA
098, 143, 246
FLOW
518
FLOWER MORPHOLOGY
117
FLUID EXPULSION
518, 555
49
FLUID FLOW
536, 560
FLUIDS
552, 565, 577
FLUVICOLINAE
012, 014
FOREST HARDWOOD
CONIFER
104
FLYCATCHERS
077
FOREST RESERVES
244
FODIATOR
177
FOREST TREES
018
FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS
118, 144, 159, 169, 170,
188
FORFICULIDAE
042
FOOD AVAILABILITY
062, 231
FORMICARIA
061
FOOD CAPTURE
126
FORMICIDAE
031, 084, 104, 246, 404,
418, 434, 469, 471, 472
FOOD CHAIN
334
FOSSIL ASSEMBLAGES
526
FOOD INTAKE
313
FOSSIL CORALS
326
FOOD PLANTS
147
FOSSILS
320, 338
FOOD WEBS
304, 334
FOSSOMBRONIA
292
FOOD WEBS STRUCTURE
304
FOSSOMBRONIACEAE
124, 292
FOOD/FEEDING
077, 176, 177, 227
FREE AIR ANOMALIES
OFFSHORE
520
FOODS
060, 071, 077
226
FRONDICULARIA GIGAS
496
FRULLANIA
292
FRULLANIACEAE
151
FRULLANOIDES
292
FULFORDIANTHUS
292
FUNARIACEAE
349
FUNGI
053, 159, 168, 205, 245,
300
FUNGIIDAE
171, 443
FUNGIVORIDAE
042
FREGATA MAGNIFICENS
299
GADIFORMES
275, 276
GALAPAGONOTUS
CUNEIFORMIS
197
GALAPAGOS HOT SPOT
295, 296, 297, 550, 575,
576
FREGATA MINOR
299
GALAPAGOS HOTSPOT
TRACK
255
FORAGING BEHAVIOUR
025, 062, 071, 077, 268,
305
FREGATIDAE
299
GALAPAGOS ORIGEN
525
FORAGING ECOLOGY
025, 062, 305
FRENCH GUIANA
061, 095, 260, 389
GALAPAGOS PLUME
261, 405
FORAGING METHOD
ANALYSIS
268
FRESHWATER
351, 366
GALATHEIDAE
207
FRESHWATER
CRUSTACEANS
322
GALEOCERDO CUVIERI
360
FORAGING
220, 313, 345
FORAGING
SPECIALIZATION
RELATIONSHIP
062
FORAMINIFERANS
306, 491, 492, 496, 526
FORCIPOMYIA STYLIFERA
042
FORE ARC
522, 557, 564, 567, 569
FOREARC DEFORMATION
570
FRESHWATER
ELEOTRIDIDS
119
FRESHWATER FISHES
133
FRESHWATER SHRIMP
097
FRIELEIA
320
FRINGILLIDAE
50
GARDINEROSERIS
009
GARMANICHTHYS
440
GAS HYDRATE
577
GASTERACANTHA
BIOLLEYI
058
GASTERACANTHA
HEXACANTHA
GENETIC VARIABILITY
219
058
GASTEROMYCETES
300
GENETIC VARIANCE
342
GASTEROPODS
281, 284, 285, 286
GENITAL MORPHOLOGY
172
GASTROCHAENACEA
218
GENOTYPIC VARIABILITY
219
GASTROCHAENIDAE
218
GEOCALYCACEAE
124, 151, 192, 292
GASTROMYCETES
053
GEOCHELONE
336
032,
079,
111,
143,
214,
233,
263,
282,
333,
371,
382,
403,
449,
056,
096,
205,
215,
264,
283,
372,
383,
486,
GEASTRACEAE
053
GEASTRUM
300
GEASTRUM FIMBRIATUM
VAR.
PSEUDOHIERONIMII
300
GECARCINIDAE
033, 064, 302
GEKKONIDAE
068, 228
GEMMAE PRESENCE
124
GENE BANK
230
GENE FLOW
211, 340, 388
GENERA
250, 289
GENERAL MORPHOLOGY
265
GENERALISM
345
GEOPHYSICAL EVENTS
296
GEOPHYSICS
546, 555, 558, 561, 564,
566, 567, 578
GENETICS
219
GASTROCHAENA
(ROCELLARIA) OVATA
218
GASTROPODS
002, 003, 007,
067, 076, 078,
102, 103, 110,
113, 115, 116,
208, 212, 213,
216, 217, 218,
252, 258, 262,
265, 267, 274,
288, 311, 312,
339, 347, 368,
374, 378, 379,
384, 394, 401,
444, 445, 447,
490, 506, 509
519
GEOCHEMICAL
MODELLING
544
GEOCHEMISTRY
024, 255, 261, 405, 407,
540, 544, 545, 553, 561,
565, 578
GEOCHRONOLOGY
556
GEODESY
564, 567
GEODYNAMIC MAP
520
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
578
GEOGRAPHICAL
ISOLATION
337
GEOGRAPHY
016, 060, 070, 425, 441,
483
GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE
297, 515, 527, 530, 532,
533, 536, 540, 544, 547,
566
GEOLOGICAL AGES
255, 296, 306, 320, 326,
332, 338, 374, 517, 524,
525, 526, 553, 572
GEOLOGY
024, 154, 164, 407, 416,
463, 519, 534, 535, 541,
544, 552, 553, 565
GEOPHYSICS
GEOTECTONICS
548
GEOSPINAE
062
GEOSPIZA
329, 397
GEOSPIZA CONIROSTRIS
010, 342, 343, 344, 356,
358
GEOSPIZA DIFFICILIS
010, 342, 343, 344, 356,
358
GEOSPIZA FORTIS
303, 342, 343, 344, 346,
356, 358
GEOSPIZA FORTIS
PLATYRHYNCHA
359
GEOSPIZA FULIGINOSA
303, 342, 343, 344, 346,
356, 358
GEOSPIZA
MAGNIROSTRIS
303, 342, 343, 344, 346,
356, 358
GEOSPIZA SCANDENS
303, 342, 343, 344, 346,
356, 358
GEOSPIZA SCANDENS
ROTHACHILDI
359
GEOSPIZINAE
010, 025, 226,
317, 319, 329,
343, 344, 345,
348, 356, 358,
397, 419
303, 305,
337, 342,
346,
359, 395,
GEOSPIZINI
226, 356, 358
GEOTECTONICS
517, 538, 555, 568
GEOMETRIDAE
042, 139, 241
GEOTHERMAL
545
GEOMETROIDEA
139
GESNERIA EGGERSII
059
GEOMORPHOLOGY
GESNERIA LEHMANNII
51
059
GESNERIACEAE
059, 145, 153, 415
GESOPIZINAE
GLOBIGERINELLA
AEQUILATERALIS
306
GLOBIGERINITA
GLUTINATA
306
435
GILBERT ISLAND
363
GLOBIGERINOIDES
QUADRILOBATUS
306
GILBERTA
DIPLOSTEMONA
059
GLOBIGERINOIDES
RUBER
306
GILLELLUS ARENICOLA
090
GLOBOQUADRINA
VENEZUELANA
306
GILLELLUS AUSTRALIS
090
GILLELLUS
CHATHAMENSIS
090
GILLELLUS ORNATUS
090
GILLELLUS SEARCHERI
090
GILLELLUS SEMICINCTUS
090, 314
GLAZIELLA AURANTIACA
245
GLEICHENIACEAE
035, 063
GLOBAL IONOSPHERE
MAPS
411
GLOBAL MAPPING
TECHNIQUE
411
GLOBAL POSITIONING
SYSTEM
406, 564, 567
GLOBAL POSITIONING
SYSTEM SATELLITES
411
GLOBICEPHALA
MACRORHYNCHUS
421
GLOBICEPHALIDAE
148
GLOBIGERINA
FALCONENSIS
306
GLOBIGERINA
QUINQUELOBA
306
GLOBOROTALIA INFLATA
306
GLOBOROTALIA SCITULA
306
GLOBOROTALIA
TUMIDAGLOBIGERINA
GLOBOROTALIA
MENARDII
306
GLOBOROTALOIDES
HEXAGONA
306
GLOMERATA
247
GLOMOSPIRA GORDIALIS
491
GLOSSATA
125, 139, 147
GNAMPTOGENYS
ACULEATICOXAE
418
GNAMPTOGENYS
PORCATA
418
GNETACEAE
250
GNETOPHYTA
250
GOATS
351
GOBIESOCIDAE
131
GOBIIDAE
133, 162, 194, 203, 223,
224, 225, 357, 365, 438
GOBULUS BIRDSONGI
225
GOBULUS CRESCENTALIS
225
GOBULUS HANCOCKI
225
GODWINIA
085
GOLFO DE CHIRIQUI
286
GOLFO DE NICOYA
067, 081, 131, 149, 167,
221, 274, 441, 555
GOLFO DE PAPAGAYO
149, 248, 251, 274, 421,
441
GLOTTIDIA
320
GLYCERA AMERICANA
437
GLYCERA TESSELATA
437
GOLFO DULCE
009, 128, 146, 148, 160,
164, 171, 274, 421, 441,
489, 548
GOLFO SANTA ELENA
274
GLYCERIA
065
GLYCERIDAE
437
GLYCINDE MULTIDENS
437
GLYCYMERIDIDAE
002
GLYPTOGRAPSUS
IMPRESSUS
322
GLYSTERUS
260
52
GONATODES
068
GONGYLANTHUS
292
GONIADIDAE
437
GONIOCHENIINI
236
GONIOCHILUS
184
GONODACTYLUS
BAHIAHONDENSIS
402
GONODACTYLUS ZACAE
251, 402
GONODONTA CLOTILDA
042
GONOMYIA
042
GONOPOD
099
GONOSTOMATIDAE
203
GONOTHYRAEA GRACILIS
495
GONOTHYRAEA SERIALIS
495
GONYLEPTIDAE
260
GORGONIIDAE
248
GPS GLOBAL NETWORK
411
GRAMMITIDACEAE
035, 038, 063, 209
GRAMMITIS
035, 038
GRAMPUS GRISEUS
421
GRAND CAYMAN
317, 352
GRANDIFOLIA
247
GRANO DE ORO DE
TURRIALBA
172
GRANULA ACHENEA
287, 347
GRANULA INSULARUM
287
GRAPSIDAE
322
GRAVIMETRIC
ANOMALIES
520
GRAVITY
553, 575
GRECIA (CANTON)
179
299
GREEN TURTLES
155, 336
GRENADA
104, 246
GYMNELEOTRIS
SEMINUDA
357
GROUP HUNTING
190
GYMNODINIUM SIMPLEX
353
GROWTH
160, 213, 216
GYMNOMITRIACEAE
124, 151, 192, 292
GROWTH RATES
450
GYMNOMITRION
292
GROWTH SERIES
213
GYMNOPHIONA
228
GRYLLIDAE
042
GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE
228
GRYPHUS
320
GYMNOPHTHALMUS
068
GUADELOUPE
246
GYMNOSOMATA
281
GUATEMALA
023, 045, 059,
087, 088, 091,
129, 182, 223,
234, 238, 246,
261, 291, 294,
320, 335, 338,
349, 352, 355,
436, 437, 441,
543, 553, 554,
573
061,
107,
230,
256,
301,
347,
420,
488,
565,
073,
114,
260,
302,
423,
489,
GUIANA
323
GYMNOSPERMS
104, 250
GYMNOSTOMATIA
353
GYMNOSTREPTUS
PACIFICUS
045
GYMNOSTREPTUS
VAGANS
107
GYMNOTHORAX
FLAVIMARGINATUS
361
GUILDS
166
GULF OF CALIFORNIA
143, 224, 365, 379, 396,
402
GULF OF MEXICO
386, 398
GUPPYA FULTONI
079
GUPPYA HOPKINSII
076, 078
GUPPYA PACIFICA
079, 490
GUTTIFERAE
420
GUYANA
246, 260, 302, 352, 390
GUZMANIA
CRATERIFLORA
066
GYGIS ALBA
53
GYNERIUM
065
GYNOPLISTIA
(GYNOPLISTIA)
GLORIOSA
091
GYROMITRA
CHIRRIPOENSIS
245
GYROMITRA ESCULENTA
245
HABIA ATRIMAXILLARIS
180
HABITAT
290, 304, 390, 395
HABITAT COLONIZATION
007
HABITAT DESTRUCTION
243
HABITAT INVASION
278
HALIEUTAEA
412
HABITAT PREFERENCE
373
HALIEUTICHTHYS
412
HABITAT PROTECTION
244
HALIEUTOPSIS
412
HABITAT RECOVERY
135
HALIOTIDAE
002
HABITAT UTILIZATION
373
HALIOTIS (PADOLLUS)
ROBERTI
347
HABITATS
097, 124, 165, 194, 250,
257, 289
HABROCONUS
(COCOSCONUS)
HOPKINSI
085
HABROCONUS
(COCOSLENS) PALLIDUS
085
HABROCONUS
(PSEUDOGUPPYA)
PACIFICUS
085
HAEMODORACEAE
250
HAEMULIDAE
194, 365
HAFNIUM ISOTOPES
405
HAITI
095, 246, 260, 349, 352,
372, 389, 423
HALECIA COCOSAE
101
HALECIDAE
494, 495
HALECIUM GRACILE
495
HALECIUM NANUM
495
HALECIUM
WASHINGTONI
494, 495
HALICHOERES DISCOLOR
026
HALICHOERES
SALMOFASCIATUS
315
HALICMETUS
412
HALIOTIS DALLI DALLI
311
HALIOTIS ROBERTI
263, 311, 444
002
HARVESTNEN
260
HASTULA ALBULA
379
HATCHLING
231
HAUSTELLOTYPHIS
WENDITA
347
HAWAII
098, 193
HAWAIIA
085
HALOCORDYLIDAE
229
HEAT FLOW
536, 549, 560, 561, 562,
574
HALOPTERIDIDAE
229
HEBELLIDAE
494, 495
HALOPTERIS
POLYMORPHA
229
HELIANTHEAE
247
HAMBURG FARM
051, 065, 107, 260
HAMINOEA OVALIS
274
HAMINOEIDAE
274
HANCOCK, GEORGE
ALLAN
501
HAPLACARUS JAVENSIS
129
HAPLOMITRIACEAE
151, 292
HAPLOMITRIUM
292
HAPLOPAPPUS
328
HAPLOPHRAGMOIDES
COLUMBIENSE
491
HAPLOPHRAGMOIDES
PLANISSIMUM
491
HARMSTONIA
106
HARPALEJEUNEA
192, 292
HELICARION
085
HELICARIONIDAE
076, 078, 085, 490
HELICONIACEAE
250
HELIUS
042
HELIUS (HELIUS)
EREMNOPHALLUS
091
HELIUS (HELIUS)
LIGULIFERUS
091
HELIUS (HELIUS)
PROTUMIDUS
091
HELIUS BRUNNEUS
055
HELIX ASPERSA
243
HELMINTHS
034
HELODIDAE
100
HELVELLA ALBELLA
245
HELVELLA ATRA
245
HARPIDAE
54
HELVELLA CRISPA
245
HERSE CINGULATA
042
HIPPONYX GRAYANUS
079
HELVELLA DIDICUSANA
245
HERVIERA GLIRIELLA
115
HIRUNDINIDAE
299
HELVELLA LACUNOSA
245
HESIONE INTERTEXTA
437
HIRUNDO PYRRHONOTA
299
HELVELLA MACROPUS
245
HESIONIDAE
437
HIRUNDO RUSTICA
299
HELVELLACEAE
245
HESPERERATO
OLIGOSTATA
282, 374
HISPANIRHYNCHIA
CRANEANA
320
HESPEROCIDARIS
PANAMENSIS
338, 442
HISTORIS ODIUS
042
HEMICIDAROIDA
338
HEMIERURYALIDAE
439
HISTORY
070, 167,
367, 426,
456, 458,
467, 478,
205,
427,
459,
480,
255, 350,
434, 452,
466,
481, 549
HEMIPTERA
039, 050, 073, 422
HETERISTIUS
JALISCONIS
090
HEMIPYRELLIA
328
HETEROBASIDIOMYCETES
053
HEMITHYRIS
320
HETEROBRANCHIA
115, 274
HEPATICAE
124, 130, 151, 168, 173,
189, 192, 205, 292, 327,
391, 464
HETERODERMA
NICHOLSII
321
HOGLUA
085
HETERODONTA
218, 384
HOLCUS
065
HETERONEURA
125, 139, 147
HOLECTYPOIDA
338
HETEROPTERA
050
HOLOCENE
553
HETEROSCYPHUS
292
HOLOCENE HISTORY
164
HETEROSQUILLOIDES
MCCULLOCHAE
251
HOLOCENTRIDAE
194, 365
HEPATICOLOUS
168
HEPATICOPHYTA
292
HEPATICS
200
HEPPIELLA REPENS
415
HEPPIELLA ULMIFOLIA
415
HEPPIELLA
VERTICILLATA
415
HETEROTARDIGRADA
021, 257, 503
HEPPIELLA VISCIDA
415
HEXATOMA (ERIOCERA)
SETOSIVENA
091
HERBERTACEAE
151, 292
HEXODONTIA ELECTA
107
HERBERTUS
292
HIBISCUS TILIACEUS
014
HEREDIA (PROVINCIA)
352
HIEROCHLOË
065
HERNANDRIA
260
HIPPOLYTIDAE
204
HERRADURA
009, 171, 517, 519
HIPPONICIDAE
002
55
HISTORY OF DISCOVERY
382
HOFFMANNIA NESIOTA
059
HOLOTHURIA IMITANS
004
HOLOTHURIA IMPATIENS
004
HOLOTHURIA
KEFERSTEINI
004
HOLOTHURIANS
403
HOLOTHURIIDAE
004, 403
HOLOTHUROIDEA
004, 301, 403
HOLOTRACHYS LIMA
360
HOLOTROCHUS
AMAZONICUS
385
HOLOTROCHUS
ANTENNATUS
385
HOLOTROCHUS
BLACKWELDERI
385
HOLOTROCHUS BOSQUI
385
HOLOTROCHUS CONDEI
385
260
HOME RANGE
001, 041, 150, 185, 196,
199, 208, 233, 286, 403
HOMOBASIDIOMYCETES
053
HOMOPTERA
049
HONDURAS
023, 045, 073,
182, 210, 230,
256, 260, 261,
291, 294, 301,
349, 355, 370,
HUMIRIASTRUM
DIGUENSE
293
HUMPBACK WHALES
128, 148, 421
HUPERZIA ACEROSA
138
HUPERZIA ATTENUATA
138
088, 107,
238, 246,
290,
317, 347,
553
HUPERZIA BRACHIATA
138
HUPERZIA BRADEORUM
138
HOLOTROCHUS
HANAGARTHI
385
HOOKERIA ACUTIFOLIA
349
HUPERZIA BREVIFOLIA
138
HOLOTROCHUS INGAE
385
HOOKERIACEAE
349
HUPERZIA CAPILLARIS
138
HOLOTROCHUS INPAI
385
HOPLOCARIDA
165, 251
HUPERZIA COMPACTA
138
HOLOTROCHUS LINEATUS
385
HOPLOPHTHIRACRUS
259
HUPERZIA CUNEIFOLIA
138
HOLOTROCHUS MILLERI
385
HORIZONTAL INTENSITY
318, 325, 414
HUPERZIA CURVIFOLIA
138
HOLOTROCHUS NANI
385
HORMOMYA ADAMSIANA
489
HUPERZIA DICHAEOIDES
138
HOLOTROCHUS
NEOTROPICUS
385
HOST PLANTS
073
HUPERZIA DICHOTOMA
138
HOT SPOT TRACK
405
HUPERZIA EVERSA
138
HOTEL MARBELLA
068, 069
HUPERZIA FOLIACEA
138
HOTSPOT
255, 273
HUPERZIA HOFFMANNII
138
HOTSPOT TRACKS
537
HUPERZIA HOMOCARPA
138
HOTSPOT-RIDGE
INTERACTION
576
HUPERZIA PFLANZII
138
HOLOTROCHUS NIGER
385
HOLOTROCHUS OPACUS
385
HOLOTROCHUS
PSEUDODURUS
385
HOLOTROCHUS PUMILUS
385
HOLOTROCHUS
SCHUBARTI
385
HOLOTROCHUS SIGRIDAE
385
HOLOTROCHUS
SILVATICUS
385
HOLOTROCHUS SIMILIS
385
HOLOTROCHUS VIANAI
385
HUMAN DISTURBANCE
027
HUMARIACEAE
053
HUMEDAL NACIONAL
TERRABA-SIERPE
182
HUMIDITY
200
HUPERZIA PITTIERI
138
HUPERZIA POLYCARPOS
138
HUPERZIA SUBULATA
138
HUPERZIA TAXIFOLIA
138
HUPERZIA TENUIS
138
HUMIRIACEAE
293, 420
HOLOVONONES
56
HUPERZIA TUBULOSA
138
HUPERZIA WATSONIANA
138
HUPERZIA WILSONII
138
HYALINOBATRACHIUM
TALAMANCAE
069
HYBOCHILUS
184
HYBOSA MELLICULA
236
HYBRIDIZATION
303, 415
HYDNACEAE
053
HYDRACTINIA
CAROLINAE
495
HYDRACTINIA
DISJUNCTA
495
HYDRACTINIDAE
494, 495
HYDRATE STABILITY
560
HYDROCARBON
GENERATION
549
HYDROCHARITACEAE
250
HYDROGEOLOGY
561, 562, 565
HYDROIDS
229
HYDROLITHON
SETCHELLII
321
HYDROPTILIDAE
142
HYDROZOA
161, 229, 494, 495
HYGROPHORACEAE
053
HYLA ALLEEI
069
HYLA ALVARADOI
069
HYLA ANGUSTILINEATA
069
HYLA DEBILIS
069
HYLA IMMENSA
069
HYLA MORAVIAENSIS
069
HYLA RIVULARIS
069
HYLA RUFIOCULIS
069
HYLA WELLMANORUM
069
HYLIDAE
069, 228, 348
HYMENOCEPHALUS
275
HYMENOCHAETACEAE
053
HYMENOMYCETES
053
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
022, 035, 063, 209, 272
HYMENOPHYLLUM
035, 038
HYMENOPHYLLUM
COCOSENSE
158
HYMENOPHYLLUM
HORIZONTALE
272
HYMENOPHYLLUM
POLYANTHOS
063
HYPOCENTER
551
HYPOCENTERS
517
HYPOCREALES
168
HYPOLEPIS
035, 038
HYPOLEPIS AFF. VISCOSA
063
HYPOLEPIS LELLINGERI
209
HYPOLEPIS MORANIANA
209
HYPOLYTRUM
AMPLISSIMUM
253
HYPOLYTRUM
ESPIRITOSANTENSE
253
HYPOLYTRUM
GLOMERULATUM
253
HYPOLYTRUM LUCENNOI
253
HYPOPACHUS
069
HYPORHICNODA REFLEXA
080
HYPOXIDACEAE
250
HYPSIBIIDAE
257
HYMENOPHYLLUM
TALAMANCANUM
272
HYPSIBIUS CONVERGENS
021
HYMENOPHYTACEAE
151
HYPSIBIUS SATTLERI
021
HYMENOPTERA
031, 082, 084, 104, 246,
404, 418, 434, 469, 471,
472
HYPSIBIUS SCOTICUS
021
I-129
545
HYMENOSTOMUM
BREUTELII
349
ICHTHYOFAUNA
133
HYPEREPIPHYLLOUS
168
ICHTHYOPLANKTON
203
HYPNACEAE
335
ICTERIDAE
299
HYPOBRYON
168
ICTERUS GALBULA
299
57
ICTERUS PECTORALIS
299
INDO-PACIFIC
333
IDENTIFICATION
175
INDOTRITIA
259
IDENTIFICATION GUIDES
194, 365
IDIURODESMUS
TRISTANI
107
IDONA MURRAYAE
049
IGNEOUS PETROLOGY
261, 416
IGNEOUS ROCKS
416, 526
IGUANA
068
IGUANIDAE
017, 068, 109, 228, 308,
336
IMBLATTELLA
FRATERCULA
042
IMPACT ON HABITAT
220
158,
186,
210,
239,
245,
259,
290,
163,
192,
232,
240,
248,
272,
292,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
175
INTRODUCED SPECIES
278, 418, 435
INFRASPECIFIC
VARIATION
062
INTROGRESSION
145, 303
INVASIVE SPECIES
278, 418
INHABITANTS
366
INSECTS
005, 018,
033, 039,
046, 047,
050, 055,
080, 081,
092, 093,
100, 101,
108, 114,
142, 147,
186, 197,
237, 238,
246, 302,
373, 385,
434, 448,
508, 510
019,
042,
048,
064,
082,
095,
104,
125,
152,
205,
239,
324,
404,
469,
030,
043,
049,
073,
084,
098,
105,
134,
166,
232,
240,
328,
418,
471,
241,
249,
INTEGUMENT
377
300,
INTER ISLAND
SPECIATION
387
031,
044,
074,
091,
106,
139,
236,
241,
422,
472,
INTERPLATE TECTONICS
296
INTERSPECIFIC
COMPETITION
313
INDICATORS
296
INDIGENOUS
ORGANISMS
005, 010, 012,
020, 025, 026,
049, 062, 066,
071, 077, 090,
144, 180, 184,
202, 205, 206,
210, 226, 243,
253, 256, 259,
303, 305, 308,
INTRASPECIFIC GENE
EXCHANGE
388
INSULAR SHELF
235
INDIAN OCEAN
400
INTERSPECIFIC
DIFFERENCE
231
013,
034,
069,
109,
186,
209,
250,
278,
319,
014,
038,
124,
197,
252,
289,
INTRASPECIES
RELATIONSHIPS
227
INFLUENCING FACTORS
007
172,
194,
INBREEDING
324
INTRAGROUP
INTERACTIONS
190
INTRAPLATE TECTONICS
523
INDO-WEST PACIFIC
388
IDENTIFICATION
CRITERIA
217
INBIO
139, 142,
179, 181,
197, 209,
236, 238,
242, 243,
250, 256,
274, 289,
302
337, 342, 343, 346, 356,
358, 397
INTERSPECIFIC
INTERACTIONS
313
INTERSTITIAL WATER
CHEMISTRY
560
58
INVERTEBRATES
001, 002, 003, 004,
006, 007, 008, 009,
019, 021, 030, 031,
032, 033, 034, 039,
041, 042, 043, 044,
046, 047, 048, 049,
050, 052, 055, 056,
058, 064, 067, 073,
076, 078, 079, 080,
081, 082, 083, 084,
086, 091, 092, 093,
095, 096, 097, 098,
099, 100, 101, 102,
104, 105, 106, 107,
110, 111, 112, 113,
114, 115, 116, 122,
126, 129, 134, 135,
142, 143, 147, 149,
152, 160, 161, 163,
165, 166, 171, 172,
185, 186, 195, 197,
201, 204, 205, 207,
211, 212, 213, 214,
216, 217, 218, 229,
231, 232, 233, 236,
238, 239, 240, 241,
243, 246, 248, 249,
251, 252, 257, 258,
260, 262, 263, 264,
266, 267, 269, 274,
279, 280, 281, 282,
284, 285, 286, 287,
294, 301, 302, 304,
306, 309, 311, 312,
322, 324, 328, 333,
339, 347, 368, 370,
371, 372, 373, 374,
378, 379, 380, 381,
383, 384, 385, 388,
389, 393, 394, 396,
400, 401, 402, 403,
418, 422, 433, 434,
436, 437, 439, 442,
444, 445, 446, 447,
449, 450, 468, 469,
005,
018,
040,
045,
057,
074,
085,
094,
103,
108,
125,
139,
164,
178,
208,
215,
237,
242,
259,
265,
283,
288,
320,
338,
376,
382,
399,
404,
443,
448,
471,
484,
491,
495,
506,
472,
486,
492,
496,
507,
476,
488,
493,
503,
508,
477,
489,
494,
504,
509,
482,
490,
505,
510
IODINE
545
IODOPHANUS CARNEUS
245
IONOPSIS
184
IONOSPHERIC ELECTRON
DENSITY
411
IPHIONE OVATA
436
IRAZUNUS MINUSCULUS
107
IRAZUNUS REIMOSERI
107
IRIDACEAE
250
ISCHNOCHITON
VICTORIA
094
ISCHNOPTERA RUFA
OCCIDENTALIS
080
ISCHNOPTERA RUFA
RUFA
042
ISCHNURIDAE
249, 294, 389
ISCHNURINAE
006
ISERTIA DEAMII VAR.
STENOPHYLLA
059
ISIDRONA FORFICULA
107
ISLA BONITA
069
ISLA CABALLO
274
ISLA CHORA
248
ISLA COCINERO
224
ISLA GORGONA
119, 361, 394, 402
ISLA MARCHENA
204
437,
443,
464,
488,
494,
506,
537
ISLA MONTUOSA
286
ISOGNOMON INCISUM
384
ISLA MURCIELAGOS
141, 149, 224
ISOGNOMONIDAE
002
ISLA QUIRIBRI
015, 072, 229
ISOGONIC CHART
167
ISLA SAN LUCAS
274
ISOHYPSIBIUS
BAKOYENSIS
257
402, 453
ISLA MALPELO
054, 215, 363, 425, 477
ISLA SANTA FE
204
438,
448,
468,
489,
496,
507,
439,
455,
473,
491,
502,
524,
441,
460,
474,
492,
503,
525,
442,
463,
493,
505,
ISOLOMA
OBLANCEOLATUM
059
ISLA TORTUGAS
143
ISLA UVA
304
ISOLOMA
PYCNOSUZYGIUM
059
ISLA VIOLIN DE SIERPE
247
ISOLOMA VULCANICOLUM
059
ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY
130, 147, 189, 324, 337
ISOMETRUS MACULATUS
249
ISLAND FERNS
340
ISOPODS
399, 400
ISLAND HABITAT
062, 147
ISOPTERA
042
ISLAND POPULATIONS
025, 062, 303, 305, 337,
345, 346
ISOSTICHOPUS FUSCUS
004
ISLAND RESTORATION
435
ISLANDS
125, 127, 223, 255, 524,
525
ISLAS GALAPAGOS
005, 011, 040, 063,
076, 082, 086, 100,
108, 113, 129, 130,
140, 147, 160, 164,
189, 195, 197, 204,
221, 224, 226, 246,
269, 273, 275, 276,
303, 304, 305, 314,
319, 320, 322, 326,
328, 329, 332, 333,
337, 340, 341, 342,
344, 346, 354, 356,
358, 359, 360, 361,
364, 365, 366, 370,
376, 382, 388, 391,
392, 393, 396, 397,
399, 401, 402, 405,
416, 418, 422, 436,
ISOTACHIS
292
ISOTHERMS
549
ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY
537
066,
104,
ISOTOPE RATIOS
540
178,
215,
ISOTOPES
544
287,
317,
ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION
405
336,
343,
ISOTOPIC
COMPOSITION261
363,
373,
ISTHMUS OF PANAMA
231, 526
398,
412,
ISTIOPHORIDAE
194, 365
ISURUS OXYRHYNCHUS
ISLA LA PLATA
59
334
IWATSUKIA
292
JACANIDAE
298
JAMAICA
044, 073, 246, 260, 320,
344, 349, 355, 423
JAMESONIELLA
292
JANIRIDAE
400
JENSENIA
292
JUBULA
292
JUBULACEAE
124, 151, 292
JULIA THECAPHORA
281
JULIIDAE
281
JUNCACEAE
250
JUNGERMANNIA
292
JUNGERMANNIACEAE
124, 151, 192, 292
JUNGERMANNIALES
151
JUNGERMANNIIA
192
JURIDICAL DATA
205
JUVENILES
231
K-AR GEOCHRONOLOGY
408
KALOTERMES LARSENI
042
KALOTERMITIDAE
042
KAMUK MASSIF
209
KARYOTYPES
016
KATSUWONUS PELAMIS
334
020
KATYDIDS
042, 092
KYLLINGA ODORATA
020
KATYTIDS
081
KYLLINGA PUMILA
020
KEVONONES
260
KEYS
020, 039,
051, 059,
072, 073,
086, 090,
117, 142,
173, 179,
193, 197,
229, 232,
250, 256,
276, 289,
323, 327,
385, 390,
436, 437,
KYLLINGA TIBIALIS
020
041,
061,
081,
101,
159,
184,
222,
239,
259,
291,
352,
396,
440
046,
068,
083,
106,
166,
191,
224,
242,
275,
293,
373,
423,
047,
069,
107,
171,
228,
247,
302,
376,
KYLLINGA VAGINATA
020
KYMATOCALYX
292
KYPHOSIDAE
194, 365
KINOSTERNIDAE
228
LA SELVA
STATION
019, 020,
072, 077,
142, 151,
166, 170,
228, 232,
247, 250,
289, 290,
300, 302,
KIONOTROCHUS AVIS
376
LABIA NODULOSA
042
KIRCHHOFF MIGRATION
METHOD
530
LABIIDAE
042
KINETOFRAGMINOPHORE
A
353
BIOLOGICAL
021,
121,
158,
172,
236,
256,
291,
420
023,
129,
163,
175,
240,
260,
292,
065,
137,
180,
242,
294,
KOGIA SIMA
421
LABRIDAE
026, 194, 222, 315, 316,
365, 392
KOGIIDAE
421
LAFOEIDAE
229, 494, 495
KOHLERIA ALLENII
153
LAGENA AMPHORA
496
KOHLERIA SPICATA
145, 153, 415
LAGENA CF. STRIATA
496
KOHLERIA TUBIFLORA
153
LAGENIDAE
496
KONDOA
085
LAGENODELPHIS HOSEI
421
KORORIA
085
LAGUNA HULE
192
KUHLIA TAENIURA
360
LAMELLARIACEA
282
KUHLIIDAE
194, 360, 365
LAMIINAE
238, 239
KURZIA
292
LAMNIFORMES
334
KYLLINGA BREVIFOLIA
020
LAND CRABS
033, 064, 302
KYLLINGA NUDICEPS
LAND MOLLUSCS
60
433
LAND-SHELL FAUNA
505
LANDBIRDS
474
LANGERMANNIA
300
LANIATORES
260
LAQUEUS
320
LARIDAE
132, 298, 299
LARUS ATRICILLA
298, 299
LARUS PIPIXCAN
299
LARVAE
203, 240
LARVAL DESCRIPTIONS
314
LAS ALTURAS
BIOLOGICAL STATION
166, 209, 245, 256, 290,
300
LAS CRUCES BIOLOGICAL
STATION
021, 065, 072, 099, 137,
142, 151, 163, 170, 172,
173, 175, 228, 241,
247, 250, 256, 260, 289,
290, 291, 292, 300
LAST INTERGLACIAL
PERIOD
195
LAVA COMPOSITION
540, 544
LAVAS
261, 574, 578
LEAD
261
LEMBOPHYLLACEAE
349
LEMNACEAE
250
LEAF MORPHOLOGY
391
LEAFSTALKS
166
LEARNING
062
LEOCHILUS
184
LEOCRATES CHINENSIS
437
LEPICOLEA
292
LEERSIA
065
LEPICOLEACEAE
124, 151, 292
LEEWARD ISLANDS
260
LEG 170
534, 536, 552, 562
LEGAL STATUS
205
LEGENDS
350, 367, 426, 427, 434,
452, 456, 458, 459, 467,
478, 480, 481
LEGISLATION
154
LEGS
098
LEPIDOBLEPHARIS
068
LEPIDOCHELYS
228
LEPIDOLEJEUNEA
292
LEPIDONECTES
CLARKHUBBSI
141
LEPIDONECTES
CORALLICOLA
314
LEPIDONOTUS VIRENS
436
LEIOLOPISMA
068
LEIOLOPISMA CHERRIEI
LAMPROPHOLIS
068
LATE CENOZOIC
306
LEIOMELA
BARTRAMIOIDES
349
LATE CRETACEOUS
326
LEIOSTRACA LINEARIS
143
LATE MIDDLE MIOCENE
526
LEIOSTRACA
SCHWENGELAE
143
LATERNEA
300
LELLINGERIA
GUANACASTENSIS
158
LEJEUNEA
292
LEPIDOPHYMA
068
LEPIDOPILUM
SCABRISETUM
234
LEPIDOPORA
393
LEPIDOPORA
CONCATENATA
393
LEPIDOPTERA
042, 074, 125, 139, 147,
186, 240, 241
LEPIDOSAURIA
152
LATIAXIS
(BABELOMUREX)
SANTACRUZENSIS
267
LEJEUNEACEAE
124, 130, 151, 173, 189,
192, 292
LAUXANIIDAE
042
LEJEUNEAE
292
LAVA
408
LEJEUNEOIDEAE
292
LEPIDOTHECA
MACROPORA
393
LEPIDOZIA
192, 292
61
LEPIDOZIACEAE
124, 130, 151, 189, 192,
292
LEPIDOZONA
279
LEPIDOZONA ROTHI
094
LEPOSOMA
068
LEPTARIONTA
ZHORQUINENSIS
243
LEPTENCHELYS
VERMIFORMIS
440
LEPTHOTHECATAE
229
LEPTINARIA
(NEOSUBULINA)
MARTENSI
076
LEPTINARIA
(NEOSUBULINA)
PITTIERI
076
LEPTINARIA BIOLLEYI
078, 079, 490
LEPTINARIA INSIGNIS
243
LEPTODACTYLIDAE
069, 228
LEPTODACTYLUS
069
LEPTODESMIDAE
045
LEPTODESMUS FOLIUM
057
LEPTODONTIUM
ULOCALYX
349
LEPTOLEJEUNEA
292
LEPTOLEUJENEA
192
LEPTOSERIS PAPYRACEA
160
LEPTOTARSUS
(TANYPREMNELLA)
ELONGATUS
091
LEPTOTARSUS
SUBAPTERUS
091
LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE
228, 336
LEPTOTYPHLOPS
336
LEPYROTICA ACANTHA
125
LESSER ANTILLES
385, 395
021, 118, 144, 159, 169,
170, 188, 391
LIFE CYCLE
213, 240
LIFE HISTORY
126, 134, 231
LIFE ZONES
060
LIGHT MICROSCOPY
382
LIGIA OCCIDENTALIS
400
LIGIELLA
300
LILIACEAE
250
LETHOCOLEA
292
LILIOPSIDA
020, 051, 065,
089, 104, 117,
205, 237, 250,
289, 302, 362,
466
LEUCAUGE ARGYRA
058
LIMACINA BULIMOIDES
281
LEUCAUGE
NIGRIVENTRIS
058
LIMACINA INFLATA
281
LETHARCHUS
440
066, 072,
181, 184,
253,
363, 465,
LEUCOBRYACEAE
349
LIMACINA
TROCHIFORMIS
281
LEUCOBRYUM ALBICANS
349
LIMACINIDAE
002, 281
LEUCODONTACEAE
335
LIMATUS DURHAMII
042
LEUCOLEJEUNEA
292
LIMNOCHARITACEAE
250
LEUCOLOMA
SERRULATUM
335
LIMNOPHORA PICA
042
LEUCOMELINA PICA
434
LEUCOSIIDAE
185
LEPTORHETHUM
106
LEUCOTERMES
INSULARIS
042
LEPTOSCYPHUS
192, 292
LEUJENEA
192
LEPTOSERIS
009
LIBELLULIDAE
042
LEPTOSERIS DIGITATA
443
LICHENES
62
LIMON
124
LIMON EARTHQUAKE
514
LIMONIA
042
LIMONIA
(CAENOGLOCHINA)
PANICULATA
055
LIMONIA (GERANOMYIA)
COCOENSIS
091
LIMONIA (GERANOMYIA)
PICTURELLA
091
LIMONIA (GERANOMYIA)
WIGGINSI
091
LIMONIA
(PERIPHEROPTERA)
AURANTICOLOR
091
LIMONIA (RHIPIDIA)
DIACAENA
091
523
LINEPITHEMA HUMILE
418
LITHOTHAMNIUM
CRASSIUSCULUM
321
LIOBERUS
SALVADORICUS
489
LITHOTHAMNIUM
GIGANTEUM
321
LIOIIDAE
002
LITHOTHAMNIUM
VALIDUM
321
LIOTHYRELLA
320
LITOSOMINI
232
LIPTOTARSUS
SUBAPTERUS
091
LITTLE-FIRE ANT
246
LITHACHNE
065
LITTORARIA ABERRANS
067, 233
LIMONIA (RHIPIDIA)
GRACILILOBA
091
LITHIUM ISOTOPES
543, 554
LITTORARIA COCCINEA
208
LIMONIA (RHIPIDIA)
HOGUEI
055
LITHIUM ISOTOPIC
COMPOSITION
578
LITTORARIA FASCIATA
233
LIMONIA (RHIPIDIA)
MARTINEZI
091
LITHOLEPIS FERTILIS
321
LIMONIA (RHIPIDIA)
FLAVOPOSTICA
091
LIMONIA (RHIPIDIA)
NEORHASMA
091
LIMONIA (RHIPIDIA)
POLYTHRIX
091
LIMONIA (RHIPIDIA)
PUMILISTYLA
091
LITTORARIA
ROSEWATERI
233
LITHOLOGY
544
LITHOPHAGA ARISTATA
489
LITHOPHAGA ATTENUATA
489
LITHOPHAGA PLUMULA
489
LIMONIA (RHIPIDIA)
SUBPROCTIGERICA
091
LITHOPHYLLUM
(DERMATOLITHON)
SAXICOLUM
321
LIMONIINAE
055, 091
LITHOPHYLLUM ELEGANS
321
LIMOPSIDAE
002
LITHOPHYLLUM
NEOFARLOWII
321
LIMOSININAE
302
LINATELLA (GELAGNA)
SUCCINCTA
113
LINDIGIANTHUS
292
LINDSAEA
035, 038
LINDSAEA MONTANA
063
LINEAR INVERSION
LITTORARIA PINTADO
PULLATA
233
LITHOPHYLLUM
WHIDBEYENSE
321
LITHOSPHERE
523, 574
LITHOSPHERIC RUPTURE
295
LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY
526
LITHOTHAMNIUM
ACULEIFERUM
321
63
LITTORARIA UNDULATA
208
LITTORARIA VARIA
233
LITTORARIA ZEBRA
233
LITTORIARIA VARIEGATA
233
LITTORINA ASPERA
079
LITTORINA CONSPERSA
079
LITTORINIDAE
002, 067, 079, 208, 216,
233, 403, 509
LITTORINOIDEA
208
LITUOLIDAE
491
LIVE COLLECTED
378
LIVE SPECIMEN
COLLECTED
378
LIVE SPECIMEN
RECORDED
509
LOST LOOT OF LIMA
350, 367, 426, 427, 434,
452, 456, 458, 459, 467,
480, 481
LYCOPODIALES
022
LOVENELIA NODOSA
495
LYCOPODIELLA
PENDULINA
138
LOVENIA CORDIFORMIS
442
LYCOPODIELLA RIOFRIOI
138
LOW DIVERSITY
304
LYCOPODIUM
022, 035, 038
LOXIGILLA
PORTORICENSIS
344
LYCOPODIUM
BRACHIATUM
038
LOXIGILLA VIOLACEA
344
LYCOPODIUM JUSSIAEI
138
LOHMANNIIDAE
129
LOXIPASSER
ANOXANTHUS
344
LYCOPODIUM
MAGELLANICUM
138
LOLIUM
065
LOXOCEMIDAE
228
LYCOPODODIALES
035
LOMARIOPSIDACEAE
137, 256
LUCILIA
328
LYCOPODOPHYTA
035
LONG DISTANCE
DISPERSAL
195
LUCILIINI
328
LYCOPSIDA
179
LUNULARIA
292
LYCOSA
058
LUNULARIACEAE
151, 292
LYCOSIDAE
058
LURIA
339
LYGAEIDAE
039, 050
LUTEOLEJEUNEA
192, 292
LYGAEOIDEA
050
LUTIANIDAE
438
LYGOFUSCANELLUS
ALBOANNULATUS
039
LIVERWORTS
124, 200, 292
LIZARDS
017, 068, 109, 308
LOCATION
205
LOCKHARTIA
184
LOGGERHEAD
336
LOHMANNIA JORNOTI
129
LONG-DISTANCE
DISPERSAL
208
LOOMISIOLA
099
LOPHA FOLIUM
384
LOPHIFORMES
398, 412
LOPHIIFORMES
375
LOPHOCOLEA
292
LOPHOLEJEUNEA
292
LOPHOSORIA QUESADAE
158
LOPHOZIA
292
LORENZOCHLOA
065
LORICATA
094
LOSS OF HABITAT
180
LUTIANUS JORDANI
438
LUTJANIDAE
194, 365
LUZIOLA
065
LYCOGALOPSIS
300
LYCOPERDACEAE
053
LYMNAEA COLUMELLA
243
LYNCINA
339
LYSIOSQUILLA
GLABRIUSCULA
165
LYSIOSQUILLIDAE
086, 402
LYCOPERDON
300
LYTECHINUS
SEMITUBERCULATUS
442
LYCOPHYTA
138
LYTHRYPNUS ALPHIGENA
133
LYCOPODIACEAE
022, 035, 138
LYTHRYPNUS COBALUS
133
64
097, 322
LYTHRYPNUS INSULARIS
133
LYTHRYPNUS
LAVENBERGI
133
LYTOCARPIA
TRIDENTATA
229
LYTOCARPUS
PHILIPPINUS
495
MACROBRACHIUM
TENELLUM
322
MACROCLINIUM
184
MACROCOLURA
292
MACROCYPRAEA
339
MABEA OCCIDENTALIS
420
MACROCYPRAEA
CERVINETTA
282, 374
MABUYA
068
MACROECOLOGY
324
MABUYA BRACHYPODUS
068
MACROHABITAT SIZE
413
MACANDREVIA
CRANIELLA
320
MACROMITRIUM
CIRROSUM
349
MACENTINA HEPATICOLA
168
MACROMITRIUM
HOMALOCRON
349
MACHILIDAE
042
MACROBIOTIDAE
021, 257
MACROBIOTUS
AREOLATUS
021, 257
MACROBIOTUS
HARMSWORTHI
021, 257
MACROBIOTUS
INTERMEDIUS
021
MACROMITRIUM
STRATOSUM
349
MACRORHYNCHIA
229
MACRORHYNCHIA
PHILLIPINA
229
MACROURIDAE
275, 276
MADRE DE DIOS DE
SIQUIRRES
059
MAGNOLIOPHYTA
014, 020, 031, 051,
061, 065, 066, 072,
088, 089, 104, 117,
118, 138, 145, 153,
166, 169, 170, 181,
197, 209, 210, 237,
247, 250, 253, 289,
291, 293, 302, 323,
362, 363, 390, 415,
420, 423, 465, 466
MAGNOLIOPSIDA
014, 031, 059, 061,
087, 088, 104, 145,
166, 197, 205, 237,
247, 290, 291, 293,
352, 390, 415, 420,
059,
087,
158,
184,
290,
352,
066,
153,
323,
423
MAIETA GUIANENSIS
061, 323
MAIETA NEBLINENSIS
323
MAIETA POEPPIGII
061, 323
MAINSHOCK EPICENTER
514
MAJIDAE
493
MAJOR ELEMENT AND SRND-PB-ISOTOPE
GEOCHEMISTRY
550
MAJOR ELEMENTS
537
MALACANTHIDAE
194, 365
MALACOCEPHALUS
275
MALACOLOGY
482
MACROBIOTUS
OCCIDENTALIS
021
MADRESELVA
172
MACROBIOTUS
RICHTERSI
021
MAGMATIC GEOLOGICAL
HISTORY
544
MALACOSTRACA
033, 052, 064, 086, 097,
178, 185, 204, 207, 231,
251, 302, 322, 396,
399, 400, 402, 446, 493
MACROBRACHIUM
AMERICANUM
097, 322
MAGMATIC ROCKS
544
MALE HYPOPYGIUM
091
MAGNETIC ANOMALIES
550
MALE'S PAIRED
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
FUNCTION
270
MACROBRACHIUM
COCOENSE
097
MAGNETIC DECLINATION
167
MACROBRACHIUM
DIGUETI
322
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
318, 325, 414
MACROBRACHIUM
HANCOCKI
MAGNIOLIPHYTA
205
65
MALES
098, 308
MALLEUS REGULUS
384
292
MALTHOPSIS
412
MARCHESINIA
292
MALVACEAE
014
MAMMALIAN PREDATORS
313
MAMMALS
128, 146, 148,
190, 196, 198,
220, 227, 278,
313, 334, 351,
MARENCO FORMATION
570
MARGIN TECTONICS
564, 567
176, 177,
199, 219,
310,
421, 435
MANAGEMENT PLAN
205
MANAOSBIIDAE
260
MANCINELLA
TRIANGULARIS
216
MANGLAR DE
PUNTARENAS
180
MANGROVE FORESTS
230
MANGROVES
131, 180, 183, 230
MANTLE
261
MANTLE COMPOSITION
543, 554
MANTLE MELTING
575
MANTLE PLUME
273, 405, 537
MANTLE PLUMES
405
MAPS
205, 526
MARANTACEAE
250
MARATTIACEAE
035, 063
MARATTIALES
035
MARAVA CHAMPIONI
042
MARAVA PULCHELLA
042
MARCHANTIACEAE
151, 292
MARCHANTIALES
MARGINAL BASINS
530, 566
MARGINELLIDAE
002, 265, 287, 347, 445
MARGINULINA HANCOCKI
496
MARILA VERAPAZENSIS
420
MARINE AND
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES
LISTS
194
MARINE SYSTEMS
231
MARINE ZONES
304
MARSHALL ISLAND
363
MARSUPELLA
292
MARSUPIDIUM
292
MARTINICA
106, 246
MASSACHUSETTS
114
MASTIGOLEJEUNEA
292
MASTIGOPHORA
353
MARINE AREAS
206
MATAEOCEPHALUS
275
MARINE BIODIVERSITY
161, 165, 171
MATING BEHAVIOUR
270
MARINE ECOLOGY
306, 326
MAURITIA
339
MARINE FISH
331, 360
MAURITIUS
402
MARINE GASTROPODS
067, 403
MAXILLARIA
184
MARINE GEOLOGY
516, 527, 532, 533, 547,
561, 566
MAXILLARIA BREVILABIA
117
MARINE GEOLOGY AND
GEOPHYSICS
297
MARINE HABITAT
304
MARINE LIFE
194
MARINE MAMMALS
205, 421
MARINE MOLLUSCS
002, 212, 213, 214, 215,
216, 217, 218
MARINE PARKS
015, 027
MARINE SEDIMENTS
565, 577
MARINE SPECIATION
211
66
MAXILLARIA HORICHII
117
MAXILLARIA NEGLECTA
117
MAXILLARIA
PARVIFLORA
117
MAXILLARIA
PSEUDONEGLECTA
117
MAXILLARIEAE
184
MAXILLARIINAE
184
MAYACACEAE
250
MEAN VERTEBRAL
FORMULA
140
MEASUREMENT
318, 325, 414
MECHANICS
549
MEDETERA
106
MEDETERA
GALAPAGENSIS
373
MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
043
MEGACEROS
292
MEGALASTRUM
SQUAMOSUM
158
MEGAPTERA
NOVAEANGLIAE
128, 148, 421
MELIPOTIS
042
MESOZOIC
296, 374
MELLITA LONGIFISSA
442
MELOBESIA MEDIOCRIS
321
MELPOMENE ALANSHMITHII
209
MELT FLUX
576
MEOMA GRANDIS
442
MERCEDES DE GUACIMO
294
MERISTACARUS
LONGISETOSUS
129
MERISTIC VARIATION
341
MEROSARGUS INSULARIS
042, 237
MEIOTHECIUM TENERUM
349
MEROSTACHYS
065
MELAMPIDAE
002
MESOBIUS
275
MELAMPUS PANAMENSIS
490
MESOCORDYLYUS
REDELMEIERI
232
MELAMPUS TRILINEATUS
490
MELANELLA PANAMENSIS
143
MELANESIA
246
MELANOGASTER
300
MELANOSPIZA
RICHARDSONI
010, 395
MELANTHIACEAE
250
MELASTOMATACEAE
061, 197, 323, 390, 423
MELIACEAE
420
MELICHTHYS RADULA
360, 438
METAMASIUS ATWOODI
232
METAMASIUS BELLORUM
232
METAMASIUS BURCHERI
232
MEIOSQUILLA
OCULINOVA
402
MELAMPUS TABOGENSIS
079, 490
MESTOSOMA
PULVILLATUM
107
METAMASIUS GALLETTAE
232
METAMASIUS HOOVERI
232
METAMASIUS
LEOPARDINUS
232
METAMASIUS MURDIEI
232
METAMASIUS
RICHDEBOERI
232
METAMASIUS SCUTIGER
232
MESOGASTROPODA
113, 115, 116, 208, 212,
218, 258, 267, 282, 283,
374, 383, 384, 394
METAMASIUS
SHCHEPANEKI
232
METAMASIUS VAURIEAE
232
METAMASIUS
WOLFENSOHNI
232
MESOPLODON
DENSIROSTRIS
421
METAMORPHISM
574
MESOPLOPHORA
259
METARHAUCUS
260
MESOPLOPHORA
(PARPLOPHORA) BACULA
242
METAVONONES
260
MESOPLOPHORIDAE
242
METAXIA
BRUNNICEPHALA
383
MESOPLOPHOROIDEA
259
METEORIACEAE
349
MESOSPINIDIUM
184
METERGINUS
260
MESOTRITIA
259
METZGERIA
292
MESOTRITIA SEMOTA
242
METZGERIACEAE
124, 151, 292
67
106
METZGERIALES
151, 292
MEXICO
004, 020,
104, 107,
221, 230,
240, 246,
259, 260,
290, 291,
318, 320,
335, 349,
360, 364,
386, 390,
401, 414,
436, 437,
488, 489,
495, 496,
059,
140,
233,
247,
274,
302,
325,
352,
369,
392,
417,
438,
491,
502,
073,
143,
238,
254,
275,
316,
330,
355,
379,
396,
418,
442,
492,
553
MICROORGANISMS
168
090,
182,
MICROPANOPE POLITA
493
256,
276,
MICROPEZIDAE
042
333,
357,
MICROPHRYS
TRIANGULATUS
493
399,
423,
MICROPTERYGIUM
192, 292
494,
MILNESIUM
TARDIGRADUM
021, 257
MILTONIOPSIS
184
MINERALOGY
559
MINERALOGY AND
PETROLOGY
261, 571
MINERALS
070
MIOCENE
326, 338, 526, 553
MICHIGAN
344
MICROSATELLITE DNA
LENGTH VARIATION
BASED PHYLOGENY
358
MICONIA
197
MICROSATELLITES
303
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
122, 155, 211, 331, 388
MICRANOUS DIAMESUS
359
MICROSOLENA
326
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
SEQUENCES
343
MICRANOUS
HAWAIIENSIS
359
MICROSPATHODON
DORSALIS
392
MITRA FERRUGINEA
383
MICROBATRACHYLUS
COSTARICENSIS
069
MICROTRITIA
259
MITRELLA LOISAE
347
MID-OCEAN RIDGE
273
MITRIDAE
002
MIDDLE AMERICA
TRENCH
296, 306, 406, 511, 512,
538, 547, 548, 552, 555,
557, 560, 562, 563,
564, 565, 567, 568, 572,
577
MITTENOTHAMNIUM
MINUSCULIFOLIUM
349
MICROBATRACHYLUS
REARKI
069
MICROCLIMATE
200
MICROCORYPHIA
042
MICROCTENOCHIRA
BONVOULOIRI
236
MICRODETERA
106
MICROEULIMA
HEMPHILLIS
143
MIDDLE CRETACEOUS
326
MITES
043
MNIOLOMA
292
MOBULIDAE
194, 365
MOCIS DISSEVERANS
042
MIDGES
043
MIGRANT BIRDS
011, 060
MIGRATION
077, 340, 421
MICROEULIMA
TEREBRALIS
143
MIGRATION ROUTES
360
MICROHYLA
069
MILINESIIDAE
021
MICROHYLIDAE
069, 228
MILLIPEDS
045
MICROLEJEUNEA
292
MILNESIDAE
257
MODELS
536, 577
MODIOLUS CAPAX
489
MODIOLUS EISENI
489
MODISIMUS BRIBRI
172
MODISIMUS CAHUITA
172
MODISIMUS CALDERA
172
MODISIMUS COCO
172
MICROMORPHUS ALBIPES
68
265
MODISIMUS DOMINICAL
172
MONOCLEA
292
MODISIMUS GUATUSO
172
MONOCLEACEAE
151, 292
MODISIMUS
MADRESELVA
172
MONOCLEALES
151, 292
MODISIMUS PITTIER
172
MODISIMUS SANVITO
172
MODISIMUS SARAPIQUI
172
MODISIMUS SELVANEGRA
172
MOUNTAIN BELTS
569
MOVEMENT
421
MONOMORIUM
FLORICOLA
418
MOVEMENTS
128
MONTASTRAEA
326
MTDNA
343, 356, 388
MOPALIIDAE
002
MUD DIAPIR
560
MORACEAE
031, 420
MUD SHRIMPS
396
MORCHELLA CONICA
245
MODISIMUS
TORTUGUERO
172
MORCHELLA ELATA
245
MOLECULAR GENETICS
155, 226, 358
MOLLUSCA PARASITES
218
007,
078,
102,
112,
205,
215,
233,
263,
279,
283,
288,
339,
372,
381,
401,
445,
482,
490,
505,
MONACANTHIDAE
194, 365
MONETARA
339
MONOCEROS
BREVIDENTATUM
079
MONOCHAMUS
COCOENSIS
108
MOSSES
021, 205, 292, 335, 349,
460
MONOGAMY
369
MODISIMUS
NICARAGUENSIS
172
MOLLUSCS
001, 002, 003,
056, 067, 076,
085, 094, 096,
103, 110, 111,
115, 116, 143,
212, 213, 214,
216, 217, 218,
252, 258, 262,
265, 267, 274,
280, 281, 282,
285, 286, 287,
311, 312, 333,
347, 368, 371,
378, 379, 380,
383, 384, 394,
403, 433, 444,
449, 476, 477,
486, 488, 489,
491, 492, 496,
509, 526
MOSQUITOES
043
MORCHELLA HEREDIANA
245
MORGANELLA
300
113,
208,
MORMOLYCA
184
243,
264,
MORPHOLOGICAL
EVOLUTION
344
284,
306,
374,
382,
447,
484,
506,
MUGILIDAE
194, 365
MORCHELLA ESCULENTA
245
032,
079,
MULLIDAE
194, 365, 438
MULLOIDES AURIFLAMMA
438
MULTIVARIATE
EVOLUTION
342
MUNIDA BAPENSIS
207
MUNIDA DEBILIS
207
MORPHOLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS
265
MUNIDA GRACILIPES
207
MUNIDA HISPIDA
207
MORPHOLOGICAL
VARIATION
062, 231
MORPHOLOGY
016, 025, 034,
071, 072, 077,
141, 152, 197,
231, 274, 291,
343, 345, 396,
MUD VOLCANOS
577
MUNIDA MEXICANA
207
062,
125,
201,
305,
402,
067,
134,
342,
550
MUNIDA
MICROPHTHALMA
207
MUNIDA OBESA
207
MORTALITY
160
MORUM
(CANCELLOMORUM)
VELEROAE
347, 445
MORUM VELEROAE
69
MUNIDA PERLATA
207
MUNIDA PROPINQUA
207
MUNIDA REFULGENS
207
MUNIDA TENELLA
207
MUNIDA WILLIAMSI
207
MURAENIDAE
140, 194, 365, 440
MUREXIELLA DIOMEDAEA
267
MURICACEA
096, 103, 217, 262, 265,
267, 347, 371, 372, 382,
445, 447, 449, 509
MYRCIA COSTARICENSIS
420
MYRIAPODA
057, 370
MYRIPRISTIS BERNDTI
361
MYRIPRISTIS MURDJAN
360
MYRMECOPHILOUS
PLANTS
061
MYRMECOPHILY
061
MURICACEAE
403
MYRTACEAE
290, 420
MURICIDAE
002, 079, 096, 102, 103,
215, 216, 252, 288, 312,
333, 347, 368, 371
MYSTICETI
148
MURICINAE
103
MURICOIDEA
096, 102, 213, 214, 215,
252, 288, 312, 368, 394
MURICOPSIS
WESTONENSIS
215, 252, 347
MURIDAE
435
MUSACEAE
250
MUSCI
200, 335, 349, 391, 460
MUSCIDAE
042, 434
MUTINUS
300
MUTUALISM
031
MUTUALISM
DISSOLUTION
031
MYCTOPHIDAE
203
MYIORNIS
077
MYLIOBATIDAE
194, 365
MYOIDA
218
MYTHS
350, 367, 426, 427, 434,
452, 456, 458, 459, 467,
478, 480, 481
NATICIDAE
002, 258, 283
NATIONAL MONUMENTS
244
NATIONAL PARKS
023, 154, 162, 170, 175,
180, 206, 244, 350, 351,
366, 426, 427, 434,
452, 456, 458, 459, 467,
478, 480, 481, 485
NATURAL ABUNDANCE
334
NATURAL DISTURBANCES
164
NATURAL FOREST
MANAGEMENT
206
NATURAL HISTORY
171, 228, 232
NATURAL RESOURCES
244
MYTILACEA
489
NATURAL SCIENCES
154
MYTILIDAE
002, 489
NATURAL SELECTION
342, 343, 346
MYTILOIDA
489
NATURE CONSERVATION
183, 244
MYTILOPSIS
192, 292
NATURE RESERVES
244
MYXODAGNUS SAGITTA
314
NAUTILOIDEA
379
NANNOLENIDAE
045
NAVANAX AENIGMATICUS
274
NANNONELIDAE
057
NAVANAX POLYALPHOS
274
NANNOSQUILLA
GALAPAGENSIS
086
NAVARRO DE CARTAGO
072
NANNOSQUILLA SIMILIS
086
NAZCA PLATE
295, 296, 525, 526, 539,
575, 576
NAZCA SPREADING
CENTER
255, 550
NARDIA
292
NARIA
339
NEAREST RELATIVE
IDENTIFICATION
226
NASSELLA
065
NATANTIA
097, 204, 231
NECKERACEAE
349
NECTRIA CONTRARIA
168
NATICACEA
258, 283
70
NECTRIA GYNOPHILA
168
282, 374
NEOSIMNIA AVENA
282, 374
NESOMIMUS MELANOTIS
DIERYTHRUS
359
NEOTECTONIC STUDY
521
NESOPUPA COCOSENSIS
490
NEESIOSCYPHUS
192, 292
NEOTECTONICS
519, 520, 521, 535, 539,
541, 573
NESOSPINGUS
SPECULIFERUS
344
NEMATOCERA
055, 091, 098
NEOTHYONE GIBBOSA
004
NESOTRICCUS RIDGWAYI
012, 013, 014, 034, 054,
071, 077, 180, 268, 317
NEMATODES
034
NEOTROCHUS
385
NEOBLATTELLA
FRATERCULA
080
NEOTROPICAL REGION
125
NEEA AMPLIFOLIA
059
NEEDLEFISH
221
NEOTROPICS
029, 138
NEOBLATTELLA
TAPENAGAE
042
NEOTYPE DESIGNATION
370
NEOCORONIDA
COCOSIANA
251, 402
NEPABELLUS
006
NEOCYNORTINA
260
NEPHROLEPIS
035
NEOGASTROPODA
007, 096, 102, 103,
213, 214, 215, 217,
262, 264, 265, 267,
287, 288, 312, 368,
372, 378, 379, 382,
445, 447, 449, 506,
509
113,
252,
371,
403,
NEOGENE
526
NEOGLOBOQUADRINA
306
NEOGLOBOQUADRINA
PACHYDERMA
306
NEOGONODACTYLUS
OERSTEDII
165
NEOLAGANIDAE
338
NEOLYSURUS
300
NEOMACHILELLUS
042
NEORAPANA MURICATA
267
NEORHYNCHIA
320
NEOSIMNIA AEQUALIS
NEST BUILDING
395
NESTING
132, 299
NESTS
014
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES
260
NEURIGONA
106
NEUROLEJEUNEA
292
NEPHROLEPIS
BISERRATA
063
NEUROPTERA
093
NEPHROLEPIS
PECTINATA
063
NEW ASSOCIATE
RECORDS
214
NEPHTHYS ASSIMILIS
437
NEW COMBINATIONS
061, 090, 099, 143, 144,
159, 197, 234, 239, 321,
390, 401, 402
NEPHTHYS DIBRANCHIS
437
NEPHTHYS MAGELLANICA
437
NEREIS
PSEUDONEANTHES
437
NEREIS RIISEI
437
NERITA BERNHARDI
079
NERITA ORNATA
079
NERITIDAE
002, 079
NEW FAMILY
260
NEW GENERA
440
NEW GENUS
039, 044, 099, 141, 143,
168, 197, 362, 376, 402,
446, 465
NEW MOLLUSCAN
ASSOCIATE RECORD
214
NEW NAME
006, 099
NEW RECORD
368
NERITINA LATISSIMA
VAR. GLOBOSA
079
NESIOCYPRAEA
339
71
NEW RECORDS
006, 007, 048, 096, 104,
105, 119, 120, 123, 124,
130, 132, 142, 144,
147,
189,
209,
215,
251,
282,
292,
394,
149,
192,
210,
217,
260,
283,
300,
402,
150,
196,
212,
218,
263,
286,
361,
447
NEW SPECIES
005, 018, 019,
030, 037, 039,
045, 046, 047,
050, 054, 055,
064, 068, 069,
074, 076, 078,
085, 086, 087,
090, 091, 092,
097, 098, 099,
101, 102, 103,
119, 125, 131,
137, 138, 139,
141, 142, 143,
152, 158, 159,
166, 168, 169,
179, 181, 185,
197, 201, 204,
210, 232, 233,
238, 239, 240,
248, 252, 253,
266, 269, 271,
274, 284, 287,
302, 309, 315,
373, 376, 385,
393, 396, 398,
423, 436, 438,
442, 444, 445,
502, 508
165,
199,
214,
232,
279,
288,
376,
022,
041,
049,
059,
072,
084,
088,
094,
100,
114,
133,
140,
144,
162,
172,
186,
207,
237,
242,
254,
272,
290,
341,
391,
399,
439,
496,
179,
208,
236,
280,
527, 533, 538, 543, 545,
553, 554, 565, 566, 571,
573, 574
NOROPS FUSCOAURATUS
017
NICHE
345
NOROPS LAEVIVENTRIS
017
NICHE EXPANSION
008
NOROPS LIONOTUS
017
NICHE SHARING BY
MOLLUSCAN PARASITES
218
NOROPS SERICEUS
017
393,
026,
044,
061,
073,
089,
095,
117,
136,
145,
163,
191,
209,
247,
256,
291,
359,
402,
440,
NIDULARIACEAE
053
NISO EMERSONI
347
NITRATE
307
NITRATE
CONCENTRATIONS
353
NITROGENOUS
NUTRIENTS
353
NIVERIA (CLEOTRIVIA)
ATOMARIA
282
NOROPS TOWSENDI
017
NORTH AMERICA
004, 020, 059, 073,
098, 104, 107, 114,
182, 221, 224, 230,
233, 238, 240, 246,
254, 256, 259, 260,
275, 276, 290, 291,
302, 318, 320, 321,
330, 333, 335, 344,
352, 355, 357, 360,
364, 369, 379, 390,
396, 398, 399, 401,
417, 418, 423, 436,
437, 438, 442, 488,
491, 492, 494, 495,
502, 515, 553
090,
140,
247,
274,
325,
349,
392,
414,
489,
496,
NORTH ATLANTIC
383, 386
NIVERIA (NIVERIA)
PACIFICA
282
NORTH PACIFIC
133, 254, 316
NEW STATUS
088
NIVERIA ATOMARIA
374
NORTH WEST ATLANTIC
383, 386
NEW SUBFAMILY
260
NOCTUIDAE
042
NOTADUSTA
339
NEW SUBSPECIES
068, 089, 093, 359, 372
NODILITTORINA
(ECHINOLITTORINA)
DILATATA
067
NOTASPIDEA
281
NEW SYNONYMS
073, 090, 143, 260, 279,
347, 361, 370, 373, 376,
385, 398, 401, 417
NEW VARIETY
300
NEWPORTIA ROGERSI
057
NEWS REPORT
430, 431
NEZUMIA CONVERGENS
275
NICARAGUA
023, 045, 069,
107, 172, 182,
246, 247, 256,
290, 291, 294,
322, 333, 335,
438, 441, 442,
073,
210,
260,
301,
352,
488,
080,
230,
320,
423,
NOETIA REVERSA
488
NON LINEAR
TELESEISMIC
TOMOGRAPHY
523
NONVASCULAR PLANTS
118, 144, 151, 159, 168,
169, 170, 188, 192, 234,
292, 327, 349, 460,
464
NOTEROCLADA
292
NOTES
147
NOTOCYPRAEA
339
NOTOPHTHALMUS
348
NOTOPHTHIRACARUS
259
NOROPS ALTAE
017
NOTOPHTHIRACARUS
PEDANOS
242
NOROPS AQUATICUS
017
NOTOPYGOS ORNATA
437
NOROPS CUPREUS
017
NOTOTHYLADACEAE
292
72
NOTOTHYLAS
292
NOTYLIA
184
NOURIA
POLYMORPHINOIDES
491
NOWELLIA
292
NUCLEAR
MITOCHONDRIAL GENE
SEQUENCES
226
NUCLEIC ACIDS
226
NUCLEOLARIA
339
NUDIBRANCHIA
281
NUMERICAL MODELLING
577
NUMERICAL TAXONOMY
328
NUTRIENTS
307
NUTRIENTS RETENTION
230
NUTRITION
377
NUZONIA ISTHMICA
236
NYCTAGINACEAE
059
NYCTANASSA VIOLACEA
299
NYCTIBORA
042
NYMPHALIDAE
042
NYSSODESMUS ANTIUS
045, 107
045, 107
490
NYSSODESMUS
MONTIVAGUS
045, 107
OCTOBLEPHARUM
PULVINATUM
349
NYSSODESMUS
NIGRICAUDUS
045, 107
OCTOCORALLIA
161, 248
NYSSODESMUS POCOCKI
045
NYSSODESMUS
PROPINGUUS
045
NYSSODESMUS RIPARIUS
045
NYSSODESMUS
STENOPTERUS
045, 107
NYSSODESMUS TRISTANI
045, 107
OBELIA COMMISSURALIS
494
OBELIA COMMISURALIS
495
OBSIDIAN
416
OCTOCORALS
161
OCTOPODIDAE
002
OCTOPOTEUTHIDAE
002
OCULINA PROFUNDA
376
OCYPODIDAE
322
ODOCOILEUS
VIRGINIANUS
278
ODONATA
042
ODONTHOSCHISMA
292
ODONTOLEJEUNEA
292
OCEAN BOTTOM
522, 548, 555
OCEAN BOTTOM
SEISMOGRAPHS
530, 566
OCEAN CURRENTS
388, 493
OCEAN DRILLING
PROJECT
516, 527, 536, 562
OCEANIC CRUST
295, 530, 534, 539, 552,
561, 565, 566
OCEANIC ISLANDS
332, 373, 377
OCEANIC PLATEAU
405
OCEANIC PLATES
326
NYSSODESMUS
BIVIRGATUS
045, 107
OCEANIC STRUCTURES
297
NYSSODESMUS
FRATERNUS
045, 107
OCHRODERMELLA
BIOLLEYI
490
NYSSODESMUS
LIMONENSIS
OCHRODERMELLA
CUMINGIANA
73
ODONTOMACHUS
084
ODOSTOMIA INCANTATA
401
ODYNERUS
(PACHODYNERUS)
NASIDENS
082
OEANIC ISLANDS
375, 376
OECANTHUS
042
OFF-SITE NATURAL
PRODUCTS
230
OGCOCEPHALIDAE
194, 365, 398, 412
OGCOCEPHALUS
CORNIGER
398
OGCOCEPHALUS
CUBIFRONS
398
OGCOCEPHALUS
DARWINI
398
OGCOCEPHALUS
DECLIVIROSTRIS
398
OGCOCEPHALUS
NASUTUS
398
OGCOCEPHALUS
NOTATUS
398
OGCOCEPHALUS
PANTOSTICTUS
398
OLIVA (STREPHONA)
GOAJIRA
372
OLIVA (STREPHONA)
JAMAICENSIS ZOMBIA
372
OLIVA (STREPHONA)
MAGDAE
372
OLIVA (STREPHONA)
MAYA
372
OGCOCEPHALUS PARVUS
398
OLIVA (STREPHONA)
OLSSONI
372
OGCOCEPHALUS
PORRECTUS
398, 412
OLIVA (STREPHONA)
RADIX
372
OGCOCEPHALUS PUMILUS
398
OLIVA (STREPHONA)
SPICATA DEYNZERAE
372
OGCOCEPHALUS
RADIATUS
398
OGCOCEPHALUS
ROSTELLUM
398
OGCOCEPHALUS
VESPERTILIO
398
OIL BODY DESCRIPTION
124
OILBIRD
104
OLD PROVIDENCE
ISLAND
400
OLEANDRA
035
OLEANDRA ARTICULATA
063
OLFERSIA CERVINA
016
OLIGOCENE
326
OLIVA
449
OLIVA (CARIBOLIVA)
SCRIPTA VENEZUELANA
372
OLIVA (STREPHONA)
FINLAYI
372
OLIVA FOXI
284, 285, 286, 347
OLIVELLA
486
439
OPHIACANTHIDAE
439
OPHICHTHIDAE
191, 194, 365
OPHICHTHUS APACHUS
191
OPHICHTHUS ARNEUTES
191
OPHICHTHUS
LONGIPENIS
191
OPHICHTHUS
MECOPTERUS
191
OPHICHTHUS MELOPE
191
OPHICHTHUS
TETRATREMA
191
OPHICHTHYIDAE
440
OPHIOCHITONIDAE
439
OLIVIDAE
002, 284, 285, 286, 347,
372, 449, 486
OPHIOCNIDA
439
OLYRA
065
OPHIODESMUS
439
OMMASTREPHIDAE
002
OPHIOLEPIDIDAE
439
OMPHALANTHUS
292
OPHIOLEPIS
439
ONCIDIINAE
184
OPHIOLITES
531, 533
ONCIDIUM
184
OPHIOMISIDIUM
439
ONISCIDAE
400
OPHIONEREIS DICTYOTA
439
OPAL
562
OPHIOPHRAGMUS
439
OPEAS GRACILE
490
OPHIOPHRAGMUS
OPHIACTOIDES
439
OPEAS JUNCEUM
056, 079
OPEAS JUNCIA
076
OPEAS PUMILUM
243
OPHIACANTHA PHRAGMA
74
OPHIUROIDEA
301, 439
OPHYRA AENESCENS
042
OPILIONES
260
OPISTHACANTHUS
CAYAPORUM
095, 389
OPISTHACANTHUS
ELATUS
389
OPISTHACANTHUS
HEURTAULTAE
389
OPISTHACANTHUS
HEURTHAULTAE
095
OPISTHACANTHUS
LEPTURUS
006, 095, 389
OPISTHACANTHUS
VALERIOI
249, 294, 389
OPISTHACANTHUS
VALEROI
095
OPISTHACANTHUS
WEYRAUCHI
095, 389
OPISTHOBRANCHIA
274, 281, 347
OPISTOGNATHIDAE
194, 365
ORIBOTRITIA ALAJUELA
242
ORIBOTRITIA ALLOCOTA
242
ORIBOTRITIA
BREVISETOSA
242
ORIBOTRITIA LASELVAE
242
ORIBOTRITIA NASALIS
242
ORIBOTRITIA PARTITA
242
ORIGIN
296, 332, 513, 540, 544,
549, 551
ORIGIN CENTER
362, 363
ORIGIN OF TAXON
226, 356, 358
ORIGIN OF TAXON
TIMING AND
ZOOGEOGRAPHY
RELATIONS
226
ORTHOPHORUS
CONFRAGOSUS
083
ORTHOPHORUS
OMALOPYGE
083
ORTHOPHORUS
PALMENSIS
083
ORTHOPHORUS
TYPOTOPYGE
083
ORTHOPORUS
ABSCONSUS
045, 107
ORTHOPORUS
CONFRAGOSUS
045, 107
ORTHOPORUS CONIFER
107
ORTHOPORUS
OMALOPYGE
107
ORTHOPORUS
PALMENSIS
107
ORTHOPORUS RUGICEPS
REIMOSERI
107
ORIMARGA
042
OPOGONA DIMORPHA
125
ORIMARGA (DIOTREPHA)
FLAVESCENS
055
ORTHOPTERA
042, 081, 092
OPPORTUNISM
077, 268
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
117
ORTHORRHAPHA
046, 237, 373
ORBU LINA
306
ORNITHIDIUM ANCEPS
117
ORTHOTRICHACEAE
349
ORCHIDACEAE
066, 117, 181, 184, 289
OROGRAPHY
070
ORYZA
065
ORCHIDALES
184
OROSI
291
ORYZOBORUS
CRASSIROSTRIS
344
ORCHIDS
184
ORPIELLA
085
ORCINUS ORCA
148, 421
ORTHOCLADA
065
OREGON
489, 516
ORTHODONTIUM
PELLUCENS
349
OREODERA COCOENSIS
239
ORIBATIDA
129, 242, 259, 507
ORIBOTRITIA
259
ORYZOIDEAE
065
ORTHOMORPHA
COARCTATA
045, 057
ORTHOMORPHA
GRACILIS
083
75
ORYZOLEJEUNEA
192, 292
OSACHILA KAISERAE
185
OSCILLATORIACEAE
353
OSMOGLOSSUM
184
OSTEICHTHYES
090, 119, 135, 191, 193,
254, 275, 276, 341, 386,
387, 392, 398, 412,
417
OSTEOLOGY
397
OSTRACIIDAE
194, 365
OSTRACION MELEAGRIS
364
OSTRACIONTIDAE
364
142
OVACHLAMYS FULGENS
243
OVATIPSA
339
OXYETHIRA SIMULATRIX
142
OXYETHIRA TICA
142
OVIPOSITION
126, 240
OVULIDAE
282
OXIDUS GRACILIS
045
OXYPORHAMPHUS
MICROPTERUS
334
OZOPHORA COCOSENSIS
039, 050
OXYCIRRHITES SEFTONI
361
OZOPHORA
COSTARICENSIS
039
OXYCIRRHITES TYPUS
361
OZOPHORINI
039
OXYDIA
042
P-WAVE
517, 568
OXYDIA HOGUEI
139
PACHYCHELES VELERAE
178
OXYETHIRA APINOLADA
142
PACHYELLA CLYPEATA
245
OXYETHIRA ARIZONA
142
PACHYGLOSSA
256
OXYETHIRA AZTECA
142
PACHYLIA FICUS
042, 147
OTIDEA ALUTACEA
245
OXYETHIRA
COSTARICENSIS
142
PACHYLICUS
260
OTIDIA ONOTICA
245
OXYETHIRA CUERNUDA
142
OTITIDAE
042
OXYETHIRA CULEBRA
142
PACIFIC
ASTHENOSPHERE
540, 544
OTOCRYPTOPS
MELANOSTOMUS
057
OXYETHIRA ESPINADA
142
PACIFIC BASIN
053
OXYETHIRA GLASA
142
PACIFIC COAST
161, 165, 524, 535, 538
OXYETHIRA HILOSA
142
PACIFIC EXCLUSIVE
ECONOMIC ZONE
421
OSTRACODS
306, 491, 492, 496
OSTRAEA OCHRACEA
079
OSTREACEA
384
OSTREIDAE
002
OSTREOIDA
096, 384
OSWALDA
247
OTARIIDAE
148, 196, 199
OTOGLOSSUM
184
OTOLITHS
526
OTOSTIGMUS
SCABRICAUDA
057
OTS
014,
077,
166,
236,
019, 020, 023, 031,
121, 134, 137, 163,
175, 228, 233,
299
OULANGIA
009
OUTBREEDING
324
OXYETHIRA JANELLA
142
OXYETHIRA PARAZTECA
142
OXYETHIRA PARCE
142
OXYETHIRA RAREZA
142
OXYETHIRA SENCILLA
142
OXYETHIRA SIERRUCA
76
PACHYPHYLLUM
184
PACIFIC FISHES
133
PACIFIC MARGIN
560, 570, 578
PACIFIC OCEAN
128, 231, 297, 304, 387,
388, 400, 417, 578
PACIFIC OCEAN ISLANDS
085, 194, 365, 369, 370
PACIFIGORGIA ADAMSII
248
PACIFIGORGIA BAYERI
248
PACIFIGORGIA CAIRNSI
248
PACIFIGORGIA CURTA
248
PACIFIGORGIA EXIMIA
248
PACIFIGORGIA FIRMA
248
PACIFIGORGIA
FLAVIMACULATA
248
PACIFIGORGIA IRENE
248
PACIFIGORGIA LACERATA
248
PACIFIGORGIA
RUBICUNDA
248
PALEOBIOLOGY
306, 526
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY
306, 326
PANAMIC PROVINCE
312
PALEOCENE
326
PALEOENVIRONMENT
526
PALAEMONIDAE
097, 322
PALAEOZOOGEOGRAPHY
320
PALAUA
085
PALEANOTUS
CHRYSOLEPIS
437
PALEATA
247
PARACANACE HOGUEI
042, 044
PALMYRA ISLAND
363
PANAMA
019, 023,
069, 072,
090, 091,
117, 134,
160, 172,
201, 209,
221, 222,
231, 232,
240, 246,
260, 274,
286, 287,
294, 296,
302, 304,
321, 322,
332, 333,
341, 347,
355, 357,
363, 364,
389, 392,
420, 423,
439, 440,
443, 488,
492, 494,
514, 526,
541, 553,
PAECTES NYCTICHROMA
042
PARACANACE AICEM
044
PALMADUSTA
339
PACIFIGORGIA
STENOBROCHIS
248
PAECILAEMULA
260
PANTHALIS MARGINATA
436
PALLAVICINIACEAE
151, 192, 292
PALYNOLOGY
355
PAECILAEMANA
260
PANTELLARIA
320
PALLAVICINIA
292
PACIFIGORGIA SENTA
248
PAECILAEMA MARGINALE
260
PANTALA FLAVESCENS
042
PALLAVICINACEAE
124
PALYADINI
241
PANDANACEAE
289
PANOPILIOPS
260
PALICOUREA
GALEOTTINA
088
PACIFIGORGIA
SAMARENSIS
248
PACIFIGORGIA TUPPERI
248
PANAMA PALEONTOLOGY
PROJECT
526
PARACANACE LEBAM
044
PARACETONURUS
275
045,
073,
095,
140,
179,
210,
223,
233,
247,
275,
290,
297,
306,
325,
335,
349,
360,
372,
396,
436,
441,
489,
495,
535,
576
PARACHELA
257
061,
080,
107,
141,
182,
211,
224,
238,
256,
276,
291,
301,
318,
330,
338,
352,
361,
386,
414,
437,
442,
490,
496,
539,
067,
081,
158,
184,
230,
239,
283,
293,
320,
331,
PARACLINUS ALTIVELIS
417
PARACLINUS DITRICHUS
417
PARACLINUS
INTEGRIPINNIS ZACAE
417
354,
362,
PARACLINUS
MAGDALENAE
417
417,
438,
PARACLINUS MEXICANUS
417
491,
502,
PARACLINUS MEXICANUS
CLEOPHENSIS
417
PANAMA BASIN
306, 550
PANAMA CANAL BASIN
526
PANAMA MICROPLATE
572
77
PARACLINUS
TANYGNATHUS
417
PARACLINUS STEPHENSI
417
PARACLINUS WALKERI
417
PARACLIUS
106
PARACLIUS DESENDERI
373
PARACROMASTIGUM
292
PARADOXOSOMATIDAE
107
369
PARENTAL INVESTMENT
IN RELATION TO
MONOGAMY
369
PAREULEPIDAE
436
PARAGUAY
081, 104, 246, 260, 302,
349
PAREULEPIS FIMBRIATA
436
PARAISO (CANTON)
081
PARIANA
065
PARALICHTHYIDAE
174
PARISMINA
107
PARALIMNA
MERIDIONALIS
042
PARMELLA
085
PARANDRA GLABRA
047, 048
PARANTHURA ALGICOLA
399
PARANTHURA
CALIFORNIAE
399
PARAPINNIXA CORTESI
309
PARAPINNIXA GLASSELLI
309
PARAPINNIXA
HENDERSONI
309
PARAPINNIXA NITIDA
309
PARASCOPIORICUS
BINODITERGUS
092
PARASITE NICHE
SHARING OBSERVATIONS
218
PARASITES
034
PARATRECHINA
GUATEMALENSIS
418
PARATRECHINA
LONGICORNIS
418
PARATROPES BILUNATA
080
PARENTAL CARE
369
PARENTAL INVESTMENT
PARQUE INTERNACIONAL
LA AMISTAD
023, 154, 166, 182, 192,
228, 232, 236, 250, 256,
289, 292
PARQUE NACIONAL
BARBILLA
210, 228, 232, 236, 244,
250, 289
PARQUE NACIONAL
BARRA HONDA
023, 154, 236, 244, 245,
250, 289, 300
PARQUE NACIONAL
BRAULIO CARRILLO
020, 023, 045, 065, 068,
069, 072, 080, 081, 107,
124, 137, 151, 154,
158, 169, 170, 172, 173,
175, 180, 184, 192, 228,
236, 241, 244, 247,
250, 256, 289, 290, 292,
302
PARQUE NACIONAL
CAHUITA
015, 020, 023, 027, 072,
149, 154, 163, 170, 172,
181, 228, 236, 244,
245, 250, 289, 300
PARQUE NACIONAL
CARARA
023, 121, 136, 170, 172,
175, 180, 228, 236, 241,
242, 244, 250, 256,
289, 290, 302
PARQUE NACIONAL
CHIRRIPO
023, 065, 124, 154, 170,
175, 192, 209, 228, 236,
242, 244, 245, 250,
256, 289, 292, 300
PARQUE NACIONAL
CORCOVADO
78
023,
170,
240,
244,
289,
124,
180,
241,
248,
290,
129,
228,
242,
250,
291,
154,
232,
243,
256,
292,
158,
236,
260,
570
PARQUE NACIONAL
ESQUINAS
068, 069, 172, 292
PARQUE NACIONAL
GUANACASTE
158, 166, 172, 192, 209,
210, 232, 236, 238, 239,
240, 241, 242, 243,
244, 250, 256, 289, 290,
292, 302
PARQUE NACIONAL
DEL COCO
001, 002, 003, 004,
006, 007, 008, 009,
011, 012, 013, 014,
015, 016, 017, 018,
020, 021, 022, 023,
025, 026, 027, 028,
029, 030, 031, 032,
034, 035, 036, 037,
039, 040, 041, 042,
043, 044, 045, 046,
048, 049, 050, 051,
053, 054, 055, 056,
057, 058, 059, 060,
062, 063, 064, 065,
067, 068, 069, 070,
071, 072, 073, 074,
076, 077, 078, 079,
081, 082, 083, 084,
085, 086, 087, 088,
090, 091, 092, 093,
095, 096, 097, 098,
099, 100, 101, 102,
104, 105, 106, 107,
109, 110, 111, 112,
113, 114, 115, 116,
118, 119, 120, 121,
123, 124, 125, 126,
127, 128, 129, 130,
132, 133, 134, 135,
137, 138, 139, 140,
141, 142, 143, 144,
146, 147, 148, 149,
151, 152, 153, 154,
155, 156, 157, 158,
160, 161, 162, 163,
165, 166, 167, 168,
169, 170, 171, 172,
174, 175, 176, 177,
179, 180, 181, 182,
183, 184, 185, 186,
188, 189, 190, 191,
193, 194, 195, 196,
197, 198, 199, 200,
202, 203, 204, 205,
207, 208, 209, 210,
211, 212, 213, 214,
216, 217, 218, 219,
221, 222, 223, 224,
225, 226, 227, 228,
230, 231, 232, 233,
235, 236, 237, 238,
ISLA
005,
010,
019,
024,
033,
038,
047,
052,
061,
066,
075,
080,
089,
094,
103,
108,
117,
122,
131,
136,
145,
150,
159,
164,
173,
178,
187,
192,
201,
206,
215,
220,
229,
234,
239,
244,
249,
253,
258,
263,
267,
272,
277,
281,
286,
291,
295,
300,
305,
309,
314,
319,
323,
328,
333,
337,
342,
347,
351,
356,
361,
365,
370,
375,
379,
384,
389,
393,
398,
403,
407,
412,
417,
421,
426,
431,
435,
440,
445,
449,
454,
459,
463,
468,
473,
477,
482,
487,
491,
496,
501,
505,
510
240,
245,
250,
254,
259,
264,
268,
273,
278,
282,
287,
292,
296,
301,
306,
310,
315,
320,
324,
329,
334,
338,
343,
348,
352,
357,
362,
366,
371,
376,
380,
385,
390,
394,
399,
404,
408,
413,
418,
422,
427,
432,
436,
441,
446,
450,
455,
460,
464,
469,
474,
478,
483,
488,
492,
497,
502,
506,
241,
246,
251,
255,
260,
265,
269,
274,
279,
283,
288,
293,
297,
302,
307,
311,
316,
321,
325,
330,
335,
339,
344,
349,
353,
358,
363,
367,
372,
377,
381,
386,
391,
395,
400,
405,
409,
414,
419,
423,
428,
433,
437,
442,
447,
451,
456,
461,
465,
470,
475,
479,
484,
489,
493,
498,
503,
507,
242,
247,
252,
256,
261,
266,
270,
275,
280,
284,
289,
294,
298,
303,
308,
312,
317,
322,
326,
331,
336,
340,
345,
350,
354,
359,
364,
368,
373,
378,
382,
387,
392,
396,
401,
406,
410,
415,
420,
424,
429,
434,
438,
443,
448,
452,
457,
462,
466,
471,
476,
480,
485,
490,
494,
499,
504,
508,
243,
248,
257,
262,
271,
276,
285,
290,
299,
304,
313,
318,
327,
332,
341,
346,
355,
360,
369,
374,
383,
388,
397,
402,
411,
416,
425,
430,
439,
444,
453,
458,
467,
472,
481,
486,
495,
500,
509,
PARQUE NACIONAL JUAN
CASTRO BLANCO
154, 228, 236, 244, 250,
289
PARQUE NACIONAL LA
CANGREJA
228, 236, 250, 256, 289
PARQUE NACIONAL
MANUEL ANTONIO
009,
170,
236,
250,
015,
171,
242,
260,
023,
172,
244,
274,
027, 154,
175, 228,
247,
289
PARQUE NACIONAL
MARINO BALLENA
171, 248, 250, 274, 289
PARQUE NACIONAL
MARINO LAS BAULAS
154, 182
PARQUE NACIONAL PALO
VERDE
023, 060, 065, 072, 154,
163, 228, 230, 243, 244,
250, 289, 290, 291,
300
PARQUE NACIONAL
PIEDRAS BLANCAS
209, 228, 236, 244, 250,
289
PARQUE NACIONAL
RINCON DE LA VIEJA
023, 124, 137, 142, 154,
170, 180, 192, 209, 241,
243, 244, 250, 256,
289, 290, 291, 292
PARQUE NACIONAL
SANTA ROSA
005, 023, 072, 073, 151,
154, 163, 175, 192, 236,
241, 244, 245, 250,
260, 274, 289, 290, 291,
300
PARQUE NACIONAL
TAPANTI
172, 292
PARQUE NACIONAL
TAPANTI-MACIZO CERRO
DE LA MUERTE
021, 023, 065, 136, 151,
154, 166, 170, 173, 179,
181, 209, 228, 232, 236,
240, 242, 243, 244, 250,
289
PARQUE NACIONAL
TORTUGUERO
023, 065, 151, 154, 155,
158, 163, 170, 172, 175,
192, 228, 230, 236,
244, 250, 289
PARQUE NACIONAL
VOLCAN ARENAL
228, 236, 244, 250, 289
PARQUE NACIONAL
VOLCAN IRAZU
023, 045, 065, 068, 069,
072, 073, 107, 151, 192,
228, 236, 243, 244,
245, 247, 250, 260, 289,
292, 300
79
PARQUE NACIONAL
VOLCAN POAS
023, 065, 068, 069, 107,
151, 192, 228, 236, 240,
241, 243, 244, 250,
289, 292
PARQUE NACIONAL
VOLCAN TENORIO
151, 180, 228, 236, 244,
250, 289
PARQUE NACIONAL
VOLCAN TURRIALBA
045, 065, 124, 151, 228,
236, 243, 244, 250, 289
PARTHENOGENESIS
005
PARTHENOPIDAE
185, 493
PARTIAL MELTING OF
THE MANTLE
273
PARULIDAE
299
PASCOLOSOMATIDEA
149
PASSALIDAE
104, 105, 510
PASSALUS
105
PASSERIFORMES
012, 013, 014, 034, 062,
071, 077, 150, 268, 303,
305, 317, 342, 343,
344, 345, 346, 348, 377,
397, 435
PASSERINA CYANEA
150
PATCHINESS
077
PAVONA
009
PAVONA CLAVUS
160
PAVONA EXPLANULATA
443
PAVONA GIGANTEA
160, 164
PAXILLUS
105
PB ISOTOPES
261
PCR-RFLP
219
PENNARIDAE
494, 495
016,
233,
276,
323,
355,
423,
489,
564
PENTATOMIDAE
073
PEST ANTS
246
PENTATOMOMORPHA
050
PEST CONTROL
246
PEPONOCEPALA ELECTRA
421
PETROGRAPHY
544
PERALTA (DISTRITO)
016, 166
PETROLOGY
407, 463
PERCIFORMES
026, 119, 123, 133, 141,
162, 222, 223, 224, 225,
254, 314, 315, 316,
341, 348, 417
PEZIZALES
245
PEREBEA XANTHOCHYMA
420
PHAENICIA
328
PELECANIDAE
120
PEREZ ZELEDON
EARTHQUAKE
513
PHAENICOPHILUS
PALMARUM
344
PELECANIFORMES
120, 132, 369, 473
PERIDONTODESMIDAE
107
PHAENOMONAS
440
PELECANUS
OCCIDENTALIS
120
PERIDONTODESMUS
ELECTUS
045
PHAEOCEROS
292, 327
PELECYPODA
002, 003, 032, 333, 488,
489
PERIGONIMUS REPENS
495
PEANUT WORMS
149
PEARCEA
145
PEARL GLANDS
031
PEASIELLA CONOIDALIS
208
PECTINACEA
096
PECTINIDAE
002, 280
PEGALODISCUS
320
PELAGIC FISHES
334
PELAGIC LARVAE
202
PELASTONEURUS
106
PENNARIA DISTICHA
229
PENNARIA TIARELLA
495
061,
246,
302,
330,
385,
436,
491,
095,
247,
320,
344,
389,
437,
494,
104,
260,
322,
349,
390,
442,
495,
119,
275,
352,
415,
502,
PHAEDROPEZIA FLAVIDA
245
PHAEOMYIAS MURINA
012
PHAETHONTIDAE
120
PELLIACEAE
124, 292
PERIPLANETA
AUSTRALASIAE
042
PELLOBUNUS
058, 260
PERISTEDIIDAE
194, 365
PELLOBUNUS INSULARIS
058
PERISTERNIA
(BUCCINACEA)
113
PHALANGODUNA
260
PERMANENT RESIDENTS
180
PHALARIS
065
PERMEABILITY
534
PHALAROPODIDAE
298
PERNA
QUADRANGULARIS
079
PHALAROPUS TRICOLOR
298
PELOROPEODES
106
PENINSULA DE NICOYA
406, 515, 516, 518, 522,
530, 532, 536, 538, 551,
557, 562, 564, 567,
568, 578
PENINSULA DE OSA
020, 031, 124, 137, 166,
168, 171, 196, 242, 248,
257, 570
PENINSULA DE SANTA
ELENA
160, 171
PHAETON LEPTURUS
120
PHALAGODIDAE
260
PHALLOGASTER
300
PERSICULA
287
PERSICULA PULCHELLA
096, 288
PHALLUS
300
PHARAS
065
PERU
80
241
PHAREICRANAUS
260
PHASCOLOSOMATIDAE
149
PHASCOLOSOMATIFORME
S
149
PHASMIDAE
042
PHEIDOLE ANASTASII
418
PHENACOVOLVA
LENOREAE
282, 374
PHENETIC ANALYSIS
328
PHENOLOGY
247, 290
PHENOTYPIC VARIATION
062
PHILOSCIA
RICHARDSONAE
400
PHLEBODIUM
035
PHRYGIONIS PLATINATA
NAEVIA
241
PHRYGIONIS POLITA
241
PHRYGIONIS
PRIVIGNARIA
241
PHRYGIONIS
STEELEORUM
139
PHRYNOSORNATIDAE
228
PHTHIRACAROIDEA
242, 259
PHTHIRACARUS
259
PHTHIRACARUS LOTUS
242
PHYLACTOPHALLUS
099
PHYLACTOPHALLUS
PARVULUS
107
PHOLCIDAE
163, 172
PHYLACTOPHALLUS
STENOMERUS
045, 083
PHOLOEOTRIBUS
PACIFICUS
018
PHYLLIPSIA
COSTARICENSIS
245
PHORESIS
033, 064, 302
PHYLLIPSIA CRISPATA
245
PHORIDAE
042
PHYLLIPSIA
DOMINGENSIS
245
PHOSPHATE
307
PHOSPHATE NUTRIENTS
353
PHOTOCHTHYIDAE
203
PHYLLIPSIA LUTEA
245
PHYLLIPSIA RUGOSPORA
245
PHYLLOBATES
069
PHYLLONOTUS REGIUS
103
PHYLLOPALPUS
042
PHYLLOSTACHYS
065
PHYLOGENETIC
ANALYSIS
358
PHYLOGENY
019, 067, 207, 211, 226,
254, 302, 342, 343, 344,
356, 358, 387, 388,
435
PHYLOGENY
RECONSTRUCTION
IMPLICATIONS
358
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY
211, 331, 387
PHYSALIA PHYSALIS
161
PHYSALIS
PORPHYROPHYSA
059
PHYSANTHOLEJEUNEA
292
PHYSANTHOLEJEUNEA
PORTORICENSIS
130, 189
PHYSETER
MACROCEPHALUS
421
PHYSETERIDAE
421
PHYSICAL CARRYING
CAPACITY
121
PHYSICAL PHENOMENA
318, 325, 414
PHYSIOGRAPHIC
ASPECTS
183
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
OXYGEN PRODUCTION
307
PHYLLODACTYLUS
068
PHRAGMITES
065
PHYLLOMEDUSA
069
PHRYGIONIS
INCOLORATA
STEELEORUM
241
PHYLLONOTUS
ERYTHROSTOMUS
103
PHYSONOTA GIGANTEA
236
PHYLLONOTUS EVERSONI
103, 371
PHYSONOTINI
236
PHRYGIONIS PLATINATA
81
PHYSIOGRAPHIC
FEATURES
206
PHYSIOGRAPHY
060
PHYTOGEOGRAPHY
124, 144, 200, 390, 391
PHYTOMASTIGOPHOREA
353
PHYTOPLANKTON
353
PICTOLEJEUNEA
292
PILEA CHIRIQUINA
087
PILEA GOMEZIANA
087
PILEA PANSALAMANA
087
PILEA PITTIERI
087
PILEA PUBESCENS
087
PILEA SEEMANNII
087
PILEA TILARANA
087
PILOTRICHACEAE
349
PILOTRICHELLA
CUSPIDANS
349
PILOTRICHELLA
HEXASTICHA
349
PILOTRICHUM
MUCRONATUM
349
309
349
PINOPHYTA
250
PLAGIOTHECIUM
DREPANOPHYLLUM
234
PIRATES' CACHE ON
COCOS ISLAND
350, 367, 426, 427, 434,
452, 456, 458, 459, 467,
480, 481
PLAGIOTHECIUM
DREPANOPHYLLUM
234
PIREELA CYMBIFOLIA
335
PLAGIOTHECIUM
STANDLEYI
234
PISCEAN PREDATORS
313
PLANAXIDAE
002, 079
PISCEAN PREY
313
PLANAXIS
PLANICOSTATUS
079
PISCES
119
PISIONIDAE
436
PISOLITHUS
300
PITHYA VULGARS
245
PITILLA BIOLOGICAL
STATION
142, 192, 210, 238, 239,
240
PITTIER-DORMOND,
HENRI FRANCOIS [18571950]
167
PITTIERIA BICOLOR
243
PITYEJA HISTRIONARIA
241
PITYOPHTHORUS
018
PLANKTONIC LARVAL
STAGE DURATION
392
PLANKTONIC SPECIES
306
PLANNING
206
PLANORBELLA DURYI
243
PLANT ASSOCIATIONS
232
PLANT DISPERSAL
363
PLANT ECOLOGY
183
PLANT EVOLUTION
329
PLANT ORIGIN
362, 363
PINCTADA MAZATLANICA
333
PLAGIOCHASMA
292
PINNACEA
115
PLAGIOCHILA
292
PINNATELLA MINUTA
349
PLAGIOCHILACEAE
124, 151, 292
PLANTS
014, 016,
031, 035,
059, 061,
066, 072,
104, 117,
136, 137,
145, 151,
166, 168,
179, 181,
192, 197,
210, 234,
253, 256,
290, 291,
321, 323,
349, 352,
363, 390,
423, 460,
PINNIPEDIA
148, 196, 199
PLAGIONEURUS
106
PLATE
522, 523, 549, 568
PINNOTHERIDAE
PLAGIOTHECIACEAE
PLATE BOUNDARIES
PINACEAE
250
PINAROLOXIAS
INORNATA
010, 025, 062, 180, 303,
305, 317, 319, 337, 342,
343, 344, 345, 346,
348, 356, 358, 397, 419
PLACIPHORELLA
BLAINVILLII
094
PLAGIOBRISSUS
PACIFICUS
442
82
018,
037,
063,
087,
118,
138,
153,
169,
184,
200,
237,
272,
292,
327,
355,
391,
464,
020,
038,
065,
088,
124,
144,
158,
170,
188,
205,
247,
289,
293,
335,
362,
415,
465,
022,
051,
089,
130,
159,
173,
209,
250,
302,
340,
420,
466
297, 515, 530, 532, 533,
540, 544, 566
PLATE CONVERGENCE
297, 515, 527, 530, 532,
533, 547, 566
PLATE FORMATION
295
PLATE MOTIONS
295
PLATE TECTONICS
255, 273, 295, 296, 297,
339, 406, 514, 519, 524,
525, 531, 532, 533,
535, 538, 539, 541, 551,
563, 566, 571
PLATIDIA
320
PLATYDESMIDAE
045, 107
PLATYDESMUS
LANKESTERI
045, 107
PLATYRHACUS
PROPINQUUS
107
PLATYRHACUS RIPARIUS
107
PLATYSPIZA
CRASSIROSTRIS
342, 343, 344, 356, 358
PLAYA BLANCA
274, 436, 437, 441, 443,
488, 489, 494
PLAYA CONCHAL
149
PLAYA DOMINICAL
117
PLAYA MATAPALO
274
PLAYA NANCITE
274
PLAYA OCOTAL
229
PLATYGILLELLUS
RUBELLULUS
314
PLAYA SAMARA
009, 149
PLATYPODIDAE
324
PLAYA TAMARINDO
072, 223, 233, 347
PLATYRACHUS
BIVIRGATUS
083
PLAYAS DEL COCO
065, 072, 223, 439
PLATYRACHUS
FRATERNUS
083
PLATYRACHUS
LIMANENSIS
083
PLATYRACHUS
MONTIVAGUS
083
PLATYRACHUS
PROPINGUUS
083
PLATYRACHUS RIPARIUS
083
PLATYRACHUS
STENOPTERUS
083
PLATYRACHUS TRISTANI
083
PLATYRHACIDAE
107
PLATYRHACUS POCOCKI
107
PLECTANIA CARRANZAE
245
PLECTANIA RHYTIDIA
245
PLECTROPHORA
184
PLEISTOCENE
201, 226, 326, 520, 526
PLEOPELTIS
035
PLETHODONTIDAE
228
PLEUROBRANCHUS
AREOLATUM
281
PLEURONECTIFORMES
174
PLEUROTOMARIOIDEA
311, 444
PLIOBOTHRUS
393
PLIOBOTHRUS
FISTULOSUS
393
PLIOCENE
326, 520
PLONAPHACARAS
BACULUS
242
PLUMAGE
377, 397
PLUME
537
PLUME-RIDGE
INTERACTION
550
PLUMULARIA FLORIDANA
229
PLUMULARIA
LAGENIFERA
495
PLUMULARIA
MICRONEMA
494, 495
PLUMULARIDAE
494, 495
PLUMULARIIDAE
229
PLUTEACEAE
053
POA
065
POACEAE
065, 289
POASSA
260
POCILLOPORA
009, 160, 218
POCILLOPORA
DAMICORNIS
164, 195
POCILLOPORIDAE
009, 160, 171, 195, 218
PLEUROPETALUM
TUCURRIQUENSE
059
PODOCARPACEAE
250
PLEUROTOMARIACEA
263
PODOSCYPHACEAE
053
83
POGONATUM FLEXUOSUM
349
POGONOPHIS
440
POHLA INTEGRIDENS
349
POISONOUS FISHES
453, 475
POLARITIES
529, 542
POLINICES (MAMMILLA)
SIMIAE
POLYPLACOPHORA
002, 032, 094, 279
POPULATION GENETICS
219
POLYPLACOPHORES
003
POPULATION SEX RATIO
369
POLYPODIACEAE
035, 063, 158
POPULATION STRUCTURE
331, 369
POLYPODIUM
035
POPULATION STUDIES
123
POLYPODIUM
ASTROLEPIS
063
POPULATION VARIATION
025, 062, 303, 346
258, 283
POLYPODIUM AUREUM
063
POLIPODIACEAE
016
POLYPODIUM LATUM
063
POLLIA CINIS
079
POLYPODIUM
PHYLLITIDIS
063
POLLIA SANGUINOLENTA
079
POLYBOTRYA
016, 035
POLYBOTRYA CERVINA
063
POLYBRANCHIIDAE
281
POLYCHAETES
309, 436, 437
POLYCHALMA MULTICAVA
236
POLYCHROTIDAE
228
POLYCHRUS
068
POLYDESMIDA
099
POLYMCES WELLSI
376
POLYMERA (POLYMERA)
AITKENI
091
POLYPODIUM TICO
158
POLYPOGON
065
POLYPORACEAE
053
POLYSTICHUM
ADIANTIFORME
063
POMACANTHIDAE
194, 365
POMACENTRIDAE
194, 365, 392
PONTEDERIACEAE
289
PONTINUS SIERRA
438
POOIDEAE
065
POPILIUS LENZI
105
POPULATIONS
122, 421
PORCELLANIDAE
178
PORE FLUIDS
577
PORELLA
292
PORELLACEAE
151, 292
PORICHTHYS
MARGARITATUS
438
PORINA RUFULA GROUP
118
PORITES
009
PORITES LOBATA
009, 164
PORITIDAE
009, 164, 171
POROMYIDAE
002
POROTRICHUM
FASCICULATUM
349
PORTETE
129, 242
POPILUS LENZI
510
POST EMBRYONIC
DEVELOPMENT
231
POLYMORPHIC
VARIATION
145
POPULATION
219
POSTLARVA
251
POLYNESIA
246, 333, 363
POPULATION BIOLOGY
202
POTAMOCARCINUS
322
POLYODONTIDAE
436
POPULATION DENSITY
135
POTAMOGETONACEAE
289
POLYPHAGA
100, 152, 324, 385
POPULATION DYNAMICS
155, 369
POTIMIRIM GLABRA
322
84
378, 379, 382, 383, 384,
394, 403, 444, 445, 447,
449, 506, 509
POTTIACEAE
349
POUTERIA DURLANDII
420
PRE-STACK DEPTH
MIGRATION TECHNIQUES
566
PREDATION
126, 219
PSAMMOLYCE ANTIPODA
ANOCULATA
436
PROSTEMMIULUS
PICADOI
045
PSAMMOLYCE SPINOSA
436
PROSTEMMIULUS
TRISTANI
045
PSDM
566
PROSTHETOHAETA
328
PREDATORS
177, 313
PSEUDACRIS
348
PROSTOMA
031
PRENOLEPIS VIVIDULA
084
PRESIDENTIAL CRUISE
(1938)
504
PREVIOUS REPORT
165
PREY
177
PREY LOCATION
198
PRIACANTHIDAE
123, 194, 360, 365
PRIACANTHUS
CRUENTATUS
360, 364
PRIONOLEJEUNEA
292
PRIONOLEUJENEA
192
PROCELLARIIDAE
054
PSEUDAMPLINUS
CONVEXUS
107
PROSTOMATIDA
353
PROTECTED AREAS
015, 023, 154, 170,
183, 206, 244, 350,
366, 426, 427, 434,
450, 452, 456, 458,
467, 478, 480, 481,
497, 499, 500
PSAMMOCORA STELLATA
160, 443
PSEUDAMPLINUS NITEUS
107
182,
351,
459,
485,
PSEUDOBALISTES
FUSCUS
193
PSEUDOCEPHALOZIA
292
PROTECTED WILD AREAS
MANAGEMENT
121
PSEUDOCHROMIDAE
357
PROTECTED WILD AREAS
VISITATION
121
PSEUDOCRYPHAEA
FLAGELLIFERA
335
PROTOCONCH
252, 371
PSEUDOCYATHOCERAS
376
PROTODARCIA
COCOSENSIS
125
PSEUDOCYPRAEA
ADAMSONII
288
PROTOPHTHIRACARUS
259
PSEUDOGRAMMA
THAUMASIUM
357
PROTOPHTHIRACARUS
CLANDESTINUS
242
PSEUDOLEPICOLEACEAE
151, 292
PROTOPHTHIRACARUS
HETEROPILOSUS
242
PSEUDOMENUS
VEOVATUS
039
PROCULINI
104, 510
PROTOPHTHIRACARUS
HETEROSETOSUS
242
PSEUDOMYRMEX
GRACILIS
418
PROGRAM
536
PROTOZOANS
306, 353, 526
PSEUDOPHYLLINAE
092
PROPUSTULARIA
339
PROTRICHODENDRON
SUPERBUM
349
PSEUDORCA CRASSIDENS
146, 148, 421
PROCELLARIIFORMES
132
PROCNIAS
TRICARUNCULATA
180
PROSOBRANCHIA
007, 096, 102, 113,
116, 208, 212, 213,
215, 217, 218, 252,
258, 262, 263, 264,
267, 282, 288, 311,
368, 371, 372, 374,
115,
214,
PSALIODES
042
PSEUDOSQUILLA
ADIASTALTA
165, 251, 402
265,
312,
PSAMMOCORA
009
PSEUDOSQUILLA CILIATA
165
85
PSEUDOSQUILLA
OCULATA
165
PSEUDOSQUILLOPSIS
LESSONII
402
PSYCHOTRIA DWYERI
291
PSYCHOTRIA
ERYTHROCARPA
291
088
PSYCHOTRIA
SARAPIQUENSIS
291
PSYCHOTRIA FOSTERI
291
PSYCHOTRIA
STOCKWELLII
291
PSYCHOTRIA
FRUTICETORUM
291
PSYCHOTRIA
TRICHOTOMA
291
PSYCHOTRIA
GRACILIFLORA
291
PSYCHOTRIA VERVOSA
VAR. RUFESCENS
088
PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE
322
PSYCHOTRIA
HORNITENSIS
291
PSYGMORCHIS
184
PSILOPHYTA
035
PSYCHOTRIA JIMENEZII
291
PSILOTACEAE
035
PSYCHOTRIA
JINOTEGENSIS
291
PSEUDOSQUILLOPSIS
MARMORATA
402
PSEUDOSYMBLEPHARIS
SCHIMPERIANA
349
PSEUDOSYMPYCNUS
106
PSILOTALES
035
PSILOTUM
035
PSITTACIDAE
180
PSYCHODA
042
PSYCHODIDAE
042
PSYCHOPSIS
184
PSYCHOTRIA AGUILARII
291
PSYCHOTRIA BAKERI
291
PSYCHOTRIA
BOQUETENSIS
291
PSYCHOTRIA
CASCAJALENSIS
291
PSYCHOTRIA
CHAGRENSIS
291
PSYCHOTRIA
CHIRIQUINA
291
PSYCHOTRIA
COCOSENSIS
291
PTERIACEA
384
PTERIDOPHYTA
016, 022, 035, 037, 038,
063, 136, 137, 138, 158,
179, 209, 210, 256,
272, 340, 355
PSYCHOTRIA
LASELVENSIS
291
PTERIIDAE
333
PSYCHOTRIA LIESNERI
291
PTERIOIDA
115, 384
PSYCHOTRIA LUNDELLII
291
PTERIOMORPHIA
096, 115, 384
PSYCHOTRIA MARGINATA
291
PTERIS
035
PSYCHOTRIA MEXIAE
291
PTEROBRYACEAE
335, 349
PSYCHOTRIA MIRANDAE
291
PSYCHOTRIA NERVOSA
291
PSYCHOTRIA OLGAE
291
PSYCHOTRIA OROSIANA
291
PSYCHOTRIA
PANAMENSIS
291
PSYCHOTRIA
PARVIFOLIA
291
PSYCHOTRIA PHILACRA
291
PSYCHOTRIA REMOTA
291
PSYCHOTRIA RUFESCENS
86
PTEROGASTRA
DIVARICATA GLABRA
390
PTEROGRAMMA
CARDISOMI
064, 302
PTEROGRAMMA
GILVIVENTRE
302
PTEROGRAMMA LUXOR
302
PTEROGRAMMA MADARE
302
PTEROGRAMMA
MERIDIONALE
302
PTEROGRAMMA
MONTICOLA
302
PTEROGRAMMA
NIGROTIBIALE
302
PUERTO PARKER
260, 274, 417, 441, 488,
489, 491, 494, 495
PTEROGRAMMA
OCHROFRONS
302
PUERTO RICO
031, 246, 260, 302, 335,
338, 344, 349, 352, 355,
418, 423
PTEROGRAMMA
OVIPENNE
302
PTEROGRAMMA
POECILOPTERUM
302
PTEROGRAMMA
PORTALENSE
302
PTEROGRAMMA
STICTOPENNE
302
PTEROGRAMMA
SUBSTRIATUM
302
PTEROGRAMMA
VITTATUM
302
PTILIIDAE
005
PTINELLA GALAPAGANA
005
PTINELLODES DARWINI
005
PTODEA BUFONIA
245
PTYCHANTHOIDEAE
292
PTYCHOGLOSSUS
068
PTYCTIMA
242
PTYCTIMOUS MITES
259
PUBLICATIONS
032
PUERTO CULEBRA
274
PUERTO ESCONDIDO
224
PUERTO JIMENEZ
180, 274
PUERTO LIMON
020, 045, 065, 107, 229,
260
PUERTO VIEJO DE
TALAMANCA
065
PULLENIATINA
306
PULMONATA
076, 079, 347, 490
PUNTA BURICA
172, 441
PUNTA CORRALILLO
347
PUNTA EL BAJO
160
PUNTA ISLOTES
160, 164
PUNTA JUDAS
149, 347
PUNTA LEONA
009
PUNTA LLORONA
441
PUNTA MALA
009, 171, 441, 488, 489
PUNTA MATAPALO
248
PUNTA MORALES
149, 221, 233
PUNTA PITAHAYA
229
PUNTA QUEPOS
330
PUNTA SALSIPUEDES
248
PUNTA SANTA ELENA
224
PUNTA UVITA
248
PURPURA PATULA
079
PUSTULARIA
339
PYCNARTHRUM
INSULARE
018
PYCNOGONIDA
266
PYCNOLEJEUNEA
292
PYCNOSCELUS
SURINAMENSIS
042
PYRAMIDELLA OLSSONI
401
PYRAMIDELLACEA
115
PYRAMIDELLIDE
401
PYRONEMA OMPHALODES
245
PYRROPHYTA
160, 161, 164, 171, 195,
218, 248, 304, 443, 468
PYTIROGRAMMA
COLOMELANOS
063
QUATERNARY FAULTS
520, 521
QUATERNARY GEOLOGY
519
QUATERNARY
LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION
541
QUATERNARY UPLIFT
535, 541, 557, 569, 570
QUEENSLAND
345
QUEPOS (DISTRITO)
065, 072, 221, 247
QUINTANA ROO
386
PUNTARENAS (PUERTO)
081, 208, 357, 441
RACHIPTERON
PHILOPELUM
243
PURPURA COLUMELLARIS
079
RADDIA
065
PURPURA MELONES
079
RADIOISOTOPES IN
OCEANOGRAPHY
87
RADIOMETRIC AGES
408
RECONSTRUCTION BASED
ON MICROSATELLITE DNA
LENGTH VARIATION
358
RADULA
192, 292
RECORDS
110, 161
RADULACEAE
124, 151, 192, 292
RECORDS AND FOOD
PLANT NOTES
147
565
RAILROADS
070
RAINFOREST CANOPY
169
RAMSAR CONVENTION
ON WETLANDS
230
RAMSAR SITES
230
RANA
069
RANCHO QUEMADO DE
OSA
232, 240, 256, 290
RANELLA CAELATA
079
RANELLIDAE
096
RANGE EXTENSION
178, 199, 258, 283, 382,
403
RECREATION
230
RECRUITMENT TO
FEEDING EVENTS
310
RECTOLEJEUNEA
292
RED SEA
402
REDESCRIPTION
285
REDESCRIPTIONS
034, 174, 197, 223, 224,
225, 241, 269, 330
REDISCOVERY
174
REEF BUILDING
OCCURRENCE AND
CHARACTERISTICS
112
232
REFUGIO NACIONAL DE
VIDA SILVESTRE BARRA
DEL COLORADO
244, 290
REFUGIO NACIONAL DE
VIDA SILVESTRE CAÑO
NEGRO
170, 175, 228, 230, 236
REFUGIO NACIONAL DE
VIDA SILVESTRE
GANDOCA-MANZANILLO
228, 229, 230, 236, 245,
300
REFUGIO NACIONAL DE
VIDA SILVESTRE
GOLFITO
180, 209, 210
REFUGIO NACIONAL DE
VIDA SILVESTRE
OSTIONAL
182
RELATIONSHIPS
223, 310
RELATIVE ABUNDANCE
147
RELICTUAL
DISTRIBUTION
201
RELOCATION
529, 542
RANGE EXTENSIONS
379
REEF BUILDING
RELATIONSHIPS
112
REOPHACIDAE
491
RANIDAE
069, 228
REEF DEMISE
164
REOPHAX AGGLUTINATUS
491
RARA AVIS
124, 172, 175, 180
REEF FISHES
202, 392
REOPHAX EXCENTRICUS
491
RARE EARTH ELEMENTS
273
REEF GROWTH
164
REPORTS
RATIOS
545
REEF HABITAT
112, 304
RATTUS RATTUS
435
REEF STRESS
450
RAZORFISH
222
REEF STRUCTURE
164
REAL CARRYING
CAPACITY
121
REFUGES
170
RECENT
326, 338
RECENT FAULTS
520, 521
451, 454, 479, 487
REFUGIO DE VIDA
SILVESTRE TAMARINDO
230
REFUGIO NACIONAL DE
FAUNA SILVESTRE BARRA
DEL COLORADO
88
REPRODUCTION
131, 219
REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY
395
REPRODUCTIVE
BEHAVIOUR
010, 014, 270, 341, 369
REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
219
REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS
231
REPTANTIA
178, 185, 309, 322, 446,
493
REPTILES
017, 068, 109, 152, 155,
228, 308, 336
RESERVA BIOLOGICA
ALBERTO M. BRENES
142, 151, 166, 170, 192,
210, 228, 232, 236, 244,
250, 256, 289, 290
RESERVA BIOLOGICA
CERRO VUELTAS
244
RESERVA BIOLOGICA
HITOY-CERERE
023, 142, 163, 170, 172,
188, 228, 232, 236, 242,
243, 244, 245, 250, 289,
300
RESERVA BIOLOGICA
ISLA DEL CAÑO
009, 027, 143, 149, 158,
160, 164, 171, 222, 224,
229, 248, 450
230
045
RESOURCE
POLYMORPHISM
348
RHINOCRICUS
NODOSICOLLIS
045, 083, 107
RESULTS FROM NICHE
VERSUS EVOLUTIONARY
THEORY
268
RHINOCRICUS OBESUS
RUBICUNDUS
107
RHINOCRICUS PLESIUS
045
RETINELLA
085
RETUSA PAZIANA
274
RHINOCRICUS ROGERSI
045, 083, 107
RHINOCRICUS SIMULANS
045
RETUSIDAE
274
RHINOCRICUS TRISTANI
045, 083
REVIEW
222
REVILLAGIGEDO ISLANDS
122, 147, 215, 254, 316,
333, 357, 360, 361, 365,
387, 416
RHINOCRICUS WHEELERI
045
RHINOPHRYNIDAE
228
REVISION
117, 352
RHIPIDOCLADUM
065
RESERVA BIOLOGICA
LOMAS BARBUDAL
175, 228, 244, 290
RHACHODESMIDAE
107
RHIZOCHILUS
ANTIPATHUM
214
RESERVA DE LA
BIOSFERA LA AMISTAD
244
RHACOPILOPSIS
TRINITENSIS
335
RHODOBAENUS HOWELLI
232
RESERVA DE VIDA
SILVESTRE GOLFITO
274
RHAPHONOTUM
REIMOSERI
107
RHODOBAENUS
LABRECHEAE
232
RESERVA FORESTAL
GOLFO DULCE
180, 209, 210, 230, 256,
290
RHAPHONOTUM
TUBERCULOSUM
107
RHODOBAENUS
PATRICIAE
232
RHINCODONTIDAE
194, 365
RHODOBAENUS TENORIO
232
RHINOCRICIDAE
107
RHODOPHYCEAE
321
RHINOCRICUS
APOSEMATUS
045, 083
RHYNCHOSTEGIOPSIS
FLEXUOSA
349
RHINOCRICUS BIOLLEY
057
RHYNCHOSTELE
184
RHINOCRICUS BIOLLEYI
045, 083
RHYPAROCHROMIDAE
039, 050
RHINOCRICUS
CENTRALIS
045, 107
RHYSOTRITIA
259
RESERVA NATURAL
ABSOLUTA CABO BLANCO
023, 121, 158, 171, 244,
274
RESIDENT SPECIES
060
RESIDUAL MIGRATION
VELOCITY ANALYSIS
566
RESIGHTINGS AND
BEHAVIOURAL
OBSERVATIONS
146
RESOURCE
268
RESOURCE
CONSERVATION
206
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
RHINOCRICUS
COSTARICENSIS
045, 083, 107
RHINOCRICUS
MUCRONATUS
89
RHYSOTRITIA MERISTOS
242
RHYSOTRITIA
PARALLELOS
242
RICCARDIA
292
RICCIA
292
RICCIACEAE
124, 151, 292
RICTAXIS
PUNCTOCAELATUS
274
RIDGE
538
RIDGE MIGRATION
576
RIDGE SUBDUCTION
556
RIFT
553
RIFTED MARGINS
295
RINCON DE OSA
021, 072, 124, 143, 153,
163, 172, 209, 210, 232,
241, 247, 256, 290,
292
RIO AQUIARES
240
RIO ARANJUEZ
572
RIO BANANITO
072
RIO BANANO
051
RIO BARRANCA
572
RIO CAÑAS
572
RIO CAÑO NEGRO
290
RIO CEIBO
080
RIO COTO
180
RIO COTO COLORADO
243
RIO GENERAL
107
RIO GRANDE
081
RIO GUACIMAL
572
247
RIO GUINEAL
142
RIO JAVA
290
RIO YORQUIN
243
RIPARIA RIPARIA
299
RIO JESUS DE SAN
RAMON
209, 291
RISKS
230
RIO JESUS MARIA
572
RISSOACEA
115
RIO NARANJO
572
RIVERS
070
RIO PACACA
172
ROADS
070
RIO PACUARE
247
ROBERT & CATHERINE
WILSON BOTANICAL
GARDEN
163
RIO PARISMINA
260
RIO PATRIA
065
RIO PEÑAS BLANCAS
302
ROCINELA SIGNATA
400
ROCKY HABITAT
140
RODENTS
278, 435
RIO PIZOTE
142
RIO REVENTADO
045
RIO REVENTAZON
072
RODRIGUEZIA
184
ROEDERIODES
042
RIO SAN JUAN
045, 107
ROEDERIOIDES
WIGGINSI
046
RIO SAN LORENCITO
247
ROOSEVELTIA
362
RIO SAN LORENZO
232, 239, 240
ROOSEVELTINA
465
RIO SIERPE
180, 243, 347
ROOTING
220
RIO SINGRI
142
RIO SIXAOLA
243
ROOTING ASSOCIATED
SOIL ALTERATIONS AND
EFFECTS ON EROSION
RATE
220
RIO TELIRE
142, 232
ROSSIOGLOSSUM
184
RIO TIRIBI
260
RUBIACEAE
059, 088, 291
RIO TURRIALBA
072
RUDGEA THYRSIFLORA
059
RIO UATSI
142
RUIZANTHUS
292
RIO VUELTAS
RYSSOTA
90
SAN ANDRES ISLAND
406
SCAROPS JORDANI
360
SABANILLAS DE
LIMONCITO DE COTO
BRUS
016
SAN PEDRO MARTIR
ISLAND
369
SCAROPS PERRICO
361
SABINELLA SHASKYI
143
SANDINO BASIN
533
SCAROPS
RUBROVIOLACEUS
361
SAC MORPHOLOGY AND
DISTRIBUTION
126
SAPOTACEAE
420
SCELOCHILUS
184
SARCODINA
306
SCELOPORUS
068, 336
SARCOPHAGIDAE
042
SCHIFFNERIOLEJEUNEA
292
SARDA LINEOLATA
438
SCHILDERIA
339
SATELLITE MAPPING
411
SCHWACKAEA
CUPHEOIDES
390
085
SACCOLOMA
035
SACCOLOMA MORANII
158
SACOGLOSSA
281
SACOGLOTTIS
HOLDRIDGEI
293
SACOGLOTTIS OVICARPA
293, 420
SACOGLOTTIS
TRICHOGYNA
293
SACRAMENTO DE BARVA
DE HEREDIA
239
SALAMANDRIDAE
348
SALENIA GOËSIANA
338
SALINITY
307
SALSIPUEDES
441
SAURIA
017, 068, 109, 152, 228,
308, 336
SCALENOSTOMA
BABYLONICA
143
SCALENOSTOMA
SUBULATA
096, 218, 288
SCALESIA
197
SCIAPUS
106
SCIENTISTS
317
SCINCIDAE
068, 228
SCLERACTINIA
161, 171, 218, 376, 443,
468
SCLERACTINIAN CORALS
009, 195, 201
SCAPANIA
292
SCAPANIACEAE
124, 151, 292
SCAPHIOPODIDAE
348
SCLERODERMA
300
SCOLOPACIDAE
298, 299
SCAPHIOPUS
348
SCOLOPENDRA
GALAPAGOENSIS
370
SCAPHOPODS
003
SCOLOPENDRA GIGANTEA
370
SALTATRICULA
MULTICOLOR
344
SCAPHYTOPIUS
(CLOANTHANUS)
BIFLAVUS
049
SCOLOPENDRA GIGANTEA
WEYRAUCHI
370
SALTWATER BARRIERS
230
SCARABAEIDAE
152
SALTWATER FISHES
004
SCARABAEINAE
152
SALVIA COLLINSII
059
SCARABAEOIDEA
152
SAMOIDAE
260
SCARIDAE
194, 361, 365
SALT MARSH
230
SALTATORIA
081, 092
SCOLOPENDRIDAE
370
SCOLOPENDROMORPHA
370
SCOLYTIDAE
018, 166, 324, 448
SCOLYTODES
166
SCOLYTODES CAUDATUS
91
SEA LEVEL
569
SEISMIC IMAGES
566
SCOLYTODES
GLABRESCENS
166
SEA URCHINS
143, 211, 304, 388, 442
SEISMIC MODELLING
531, 533
SCOLYTODES MAURUS
166
SEABIRDS
298, 299
SEISMIC PROSPECTING
565
SCOLYTODES PACIFICUS
166
SEAFLOOR MORPHOLOGY
354, 516, 527, 536, 547
SEISMIC REFLECTION
530, 532, 533, 566
SCOLYTOIDEA
448
SEAMOUNT
538
SEISMIC REFRACTION
530, 566
SCOMBRIDAE
177, 194, 203, 334, 365
SEAMOUNT SUBDUCTION
555, 557, 569
SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY
551, 559, 575
SCOPIORICUS
SEAMOUNTS
546, 558
SEISMIC TRANSECT
527, 547
SEASONAL FEEDING
071
SEISMIC VELOCITIES
528, 542, 559
SEASONALITY
071
SEISMIC-REFLECTION
DATA
560
166
092
SCORPAENA COCOSENSIS
271
SCORPAENA HISTRIO
438
SCORPAENIDAE
194, 271, 365, 438
SCORPAENIFORMES
271
SCORPIONIDAE
006, 095
SCORPIONS
006, 095, 249, 294, 389
SCUBA & SKIN DIVING
127, 157, 187, 409, 450
SCULPTURE DIFFERENCES
213
SCUTELLINIA
BLUMENAVIENSIS
245
SCUTELLINIA CUBENSIS
245
SEBASTOPSIS KELLOGGI
438
SECALE
065
SECTATOR AZUREUS
361
SECTATOR OCYURUS
361
SEDIMENT
027, 450, 534, 552
SEDIMENT DEFORMATION
516
SEDIMENT SUBDUCTION
557, 566, 569
SEDIMENTARY BASINS
526
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
526
SEISMICITY
406, 511, 514,
523, 528, 529,
546, 548, 558,
561, 562, 564,
520, 521,
539, 542,
559,
567
SEISMOGENIC ZONE
530, 562, 564, 566, 567,
568
SEISMOGRAMS
530, 532, 533, 566
SEISMOGRAPHIC
NETWORK
523
SEISMOLOGY
513, 517, 519, 521, 535,
540, 541, 544, 553, 568,
571
SELAGINELLA
022, 035
SELAGINELLA DISTICHA
179
SCUTELLINIA
SCUTELLATA
245
SEDIMENTARY SYSTEM
405
SCYPHOZA
161
SEDIMENTS
549
SELAGINELLA
ERYTHROPUS
179
SEA CUCUMBER
004
SEDIMENTS RETENTION
230
SELAGINELLA OSAENSIS
209
SEA FANS
248
SEEDS
415
SELAGINELLA
PORELLOIDES
179
SEA FLOOR
405, 577
SEISMIC DATA
564, 567, 568
SEA FLOOR MORPHOLOGY
297, 512, 532, 533, 566
SEISMIC HAZARDS
573
92
SELAGINELLA SIMPLEX
179
SELAGINELLACEAE
022, 035, 179, 209
091
SELAGINELLALES
022, 035
SELENIIDAE
338
SELVA VERDE PRIVATE
RESERVE
175, 302
SEMATOPHYLLACEAE
349
SEMATOPHYLLUM
GALIPENSE
349
SEMIURUS
017
SEPTIFER ZETEKI
489
SERPENTES
228, 336
SERPULIDAE
309
SERRANIDAE
194, 365, 502
SERTULARELLA
DIAPHANA
229
SHANNONOMYIA
LIGNYPTERA
091
SHARKS
127, 270, 462
SHELL
371
SHELL COLLECTION
394
SHELL MORPHOLOGY
007, 116, 213, 217, 372,
378, 382, 384
SHELL PLATES
112
SHIPS
187
SHIROLES DE
TALAMANCA
059, 166
SHORE FISHES
360
SHORT STORY
451
SICALIS LUTEOLA
344
SIDERASTREIDAE
009, 160, 171, 443
SERTULARIA EXIGUA
495
SIERPE DE OSA
210, 290
SERTULARIDAE
494, 495
SIGALIONIDAE
436
SERTULARIIDAE
229
SIGHT RECORDS
298, 299, 421
SESARMA AEQUATORIALE
322
SIGMATOSTALIX
184
SESARMA ANGUSTUM
322
SIGNIFICANCE OF
NEAREST RELATIVE
IDENTIFICATION
226
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM
062
SHANNONOMYIA
CREPERA
091
SHANNONOMYIA
EVANESCENS
091
SINAC
244
SINDOSCOPUS
AUSTRALIS
090
SIPHOCYPRAEA
339
SIPHON SACS
270
SIPHONARIA GIGAS
076, 079
SIPHONARIACEA
076, 079, 490
SIPHONARIIDAE
002, 076, 079
SERTULARELLA
PEDRENSIS
495
SETAE
098
SIMULTANEOUS
INVERSION
568
SIGSBEIA
439
SIPHONOPHORA
161
SIPHONOPHORA
COSTARICAE
107
SIPHONOPHORA VALERI
107
SIPHONOPHORIDAE
045, 107
SIPUNCULANS
149
SIPUNCULIDAE
149
SIPUNCULIDEA
149
SIPUNCULIFORMES
149
SIQUIRRES (CANTON)
041, 051, 073, 081, 107,
260
SIRENA BIOLOGICAL
STATION
129, 240
SISTER SPECIES
231
SILKY SHARKS
313
SILTATION
160, 450
SITE FACTORS
206
SIZE
322
SIMPLE SEQUENCE
REPEATS
358
SHANNONOMYIA
GALINDOI
93
SIZE REDUCTION
341
SKELETAL AND
SUPPORTING
STRUCTURES
213
SKELETON
377
SKULL
377
SLAB
568
SLAB-FLUID SOURCES
578
SLIP DATA
535, 541
SLOPING LAND
516
SMECTITE
562
SMILACACEAE
289
SMILISCA
069
SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
176, 177, 227
SOCIAL STUDIES
154
SOCIALITY
190
SPARGANOTHINA
INBIANA
240
SONORA
379
SPARGANOTHINA
LASELVANA
240
SOROCCO ISLAND
400
SOUND PRODUCTION
RATE
310
SPARGANOTHINA NANA
240
SOUND PRODUCTION
RATE RELATIONSHIPS
310
SPARGANOTHINA
POLLICIS
240
SOUTH AFRICA
352
SPARGANOTHINA
PYGMAEA
240
SOUTH AMERICA
005, 011, 016, 040,
061, 066, 073, 081,
086, 090, 091, 095,
104, 119, 120, 129,
159, 160, 164, 178,
201, 204, 209, 215,
221, 223, 224, 233,
246, 247, 253, 259,
275, 276, 293, 296,
302, 320, 322, 323,
335, 344, 349, 352,
360, 361, 363, 365,
370, 372, 385, 386,
390, 394, 396, 398,
402, 415, 417, 418,
420, 423, 436, 437,
439, 440, 441, 442,
488, 489, 491, 494,
495, 496, 502, 524,
564
059,
082,
143,
197,
240,
260,
SPARGANOTHINA
XOCOATLANA
240
389,
401,
SPARGANOTHINI
240
438,
443,
SPATANGIDAE
442
525,
SPATHIPHYLLUM
ATROVIRENS
051, 089
SOUTH AMERICAN
PLATES
539
SOCORRO ISLAND
506
SOUTHERN LIMON BASIN
526
SOFT CORALS
248
SPARGANOTHINA
AUREOLA
240
SOIL DISTURBANCES
220
SOLANACEAE
059
SOLARIOPSIS
TILORIENSIS
243
SOLENOPSIS GEMINATA
418
SONG
013
SPARGANOTHINA
CAERULEA
240
SPARGANOTHINA
COCOANA
240
SPARGANOTHINA
CONTINUA
240
SPARGANOTHINA
COSTARICANA
240
SPARGANOTHINA
FLAMMEA
240
SONG LEARNING
346
94
SPARGANOTHINA
VOLCANICA
240
330,
355,
SOCIETY ISLANDS
354
SOIL ALTERATIONS AND
EROSION
220
SPARGANOTHINA
TRISPINOSA
240
SPATHIPHYLLUM
FRIEDRICHSTHALII
051, 089
SPATHIPHYLLUM LAEVE
051, 089
SPATHIPHYLLUM
PHRYNIIFOLIUM
051, 089
SPATHIPHYLLUM
SILVICOLA
089
SPATHIPHYLLUM
WENDLANDII
051
SPATHIPHYLLUM
WENDLANDII MONTANUM
089
SPATHIPHYLLUM
WENDLANDII
WENDLANDII
089
SPATIAL CHEMICAL
ZONATION
537
SPECIALISTS/GENERALIS
TS
268
SPHAERIODESMUS
STILITER
083
SPHAEROBOLACEAE
053
SPECIALIZATION
077
SPECIATION
145, 226, 231, 255, 337,
340, 343, 346, 356, 358,
388
SPHAEROBOLUS
300
SPHAEROCERIDAE
033, 042, 064, 302
SPECIES
228, 250, 289
SPHAERODACTYLIDAE
068
SPECIES DEFINITION
223
SPHAERODACTYLUS
068
SPECIES DENSITY
413
SPHAEROIDINELLA
306
SPECIES DISTRIBUTION
AND STATUS NOTES
421
SPHENOPHORINI
232
SPECIES DIVERGENCE
231
SPECIES DIVERSITY
403
SPECIES FORMATION ON
ISLANDS
319
SPECIES INTERACTIONS
077
SPECIES LIST
194, 365
SPECIES NUMBER
205
SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS
254
SPHINGOIDEA
147
SPHYRAENIDAE
194, 365
SPERMACOCE CONFUSA
088
051,
072,
145,
170,
250,
293,
SPORE MORPHOLOGY
355
SPORES
355
SPOROPHILA AURITA
010
SPOROPHILA COLLARIS
344
SPOROPHILA RUFICOLLIS
344
SPREADING CENTER
295
SQUAMATA
152, 228
SQUILLA ACULEATA
ACULEATA
402
SQUILLA ACULEATA
CALMANI
402
SPIDER WEBS
008
SQUILLA BIFORMIS
251
SPIDERS
008, 040, 041, 058, 126,
172
SQUILLA EMPUSA
165
SPILOPHORINI
236
SQUILLA HANCOCKI
402
SQUILLA PANAMENSIS
251
SPIROBOLOIDEA
045
SR-ND-PB ISOTOPE
GEOCHEMISTRY
405
SPIROSTREPTIDAE
045, 057, 107
ST. LUCIA
246, 259, 395
SPIROSTROPHUS
MUSARUM
045
ST. VINCENT
246
SPIROSTROPHUS NARESI
107
STABLE CARBON
ISOTOPES
334
SPIZA AMERICANA
299
STAHELIOMYCES
300
SPLACHNOBRYUM
OBTUSUM
349
STAPHYLAEA
339
423,
SPHAERIODESMIDAE
045, 107
SPONDYLUS
NICOBARICUS
096
SPHYRNIDAE
194, 365
SPINDALIS ZENA
344
SPECIES-AREA
RELATIONSHIP
324
SPERMATOPHYTES
014, 018, 020, 031,
059, 061, 065, 066,
087, 088, 089, 104,
117, 118, 137, 138,
153, 158, 166, 169,
181, 184, 197, 205,
209, 210, 237, 247,
253, 289, 290, 291,
302, 323, 352, 362,
363, 390, 415, 420,
465, 466
SPHINGIDAE
042, 147
SPONDYLUS HISTRIX
096
SPODOPTERA DOLICHOS
042
95
STAPHYLINIDAE
385
STAPHYLINOIDEA
385
STICTOLEJEUNEA
292
STYLASTER COCOSENSIS
393
STATHMONOTUS
314
STIPA
065
STYLASTER DIVERGENS
393
STATHMONOTUS
CULEBRAI
438
STOLAINI
236
STYLASTER
GALAPAGENSIS
393
STEGANACARUS
259
STEGANOPUS TRICOLOR
298
STEGASTES FLAVILATUS
392
STENELLA ATTENUATA
148
STENELLA ATTENUATA
GRAFFMANI
421
STOLAS PUNICEA
236
STOLIDOSOMA
106
STOMACH CONTENTS
077
STOMATOPODS
086, 165, 251, 402
STONY CORALS
443
STRATIGRAPHY
526
STENELLA
COERULEOALBA
421
STRATIOMYIDAE
042, 237
STENELLA LONGIROSTRIS
421
STREPTOCHAETA
065
STENO BREDANENSIS
421
STREPTOGYNA
065
STENOHELIA CONCINNA
393
STREPTOPINNA SACCATA
115
STENOPLAX BOOGII
094
STRESS
529, 542
STENORRHIPIS
192
STRIATURA
085
STEPHANIELLA
192, 292
STROMBIFORMIS
BURRAGEI
143
STEREOTYPY
268
STERNA ELEGANS
298
STEROPHYLLUM
CULTELLIFORME
349
STETHOJULIS
BANDANENSIS
316
STEVENSON, THOMAS
351
STHENELAIS FUSCA
436
STHENELAIS VARIABILIS
COLORATA
436
STYLASTER
MARENZELLERI
393
STYLODESMIDAE
107
STYNOLEPTES
260
SUBARC MANTLE
543, 554
SUBDUCTED
COMPONENTS
543, 554
SUBDUCTING COCOS
PLATE
544
SUBDUCTION
516, 522, 523,
531, 535, 536,
545, 547, 549,
553, 559, 562,
578
527, 530,
538, 541,
551,
566, 574,
SUBDUCTION EROSION
296, 538, 569
STROMBIFORMIS
HEMPHILLI
143
STRONGYLOSOMIDAE
045, 057
STRONGYLURA
PTERURUS
357
STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION
569
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
516, 527, 547
STYGNOMMA
260
STYGNOMMATIDAE
260
SUBDUCTION ZONE
296, 512, 518, 523, 526,
534, 538, 539, 540, 545,
546, 549, 552, 555,
558, 560, 561, 564, 565,
567, 577
SUBDUCTION ZONE
PROCESSES
578
SUBMARINE
TOPOGRAPHY
354
SUBOSCINE
013
SUBULINIDAE
056, 076, 079
SUCCINEA GLOBISPIRA
056, 076, 078, 079, 490
SUCCINEIDAE
056, 076, 078, 079, 490
SUIDAE
219, 220, 278, 351, 435
SUIFORMES
96
344
219, 220, 278, 351, 435
SULA BREWSTERI
359
SYMPLECTOTEUTHIS
OUALANIENSIS
334
SULA DACTYLATRA
132, 299
SYMPYCNUS
106
SULA LEUCOGASTER
011, 299, 369
SYNECHES
042
SULA NEBOUXII
299
SYNGNATHIDAE
194, 365
SULA NESIOTES
359
SYNODONTIDAE
438
SULA SULA
299
SYNONYMS
117, 124, 145, 224, 229
SULFUR
255
SYNTHECIDAE
494, 495
SULIDAE
011, 132, 299, 359, 369
SYRRHOPODON
BERTERIANUS
349
SURETKA DE TALAMANCA
068, 069, 294
SURFACE CURRENTS
326
SURINAM
260, 335
SURVEYS
003, 038, 042, 063, 183,
205, 335
SUS SCROFA
219, 220, 278, 351, 435
SWALLENOCHLOA
065
SWAMPS
230
SYACIUM MACULIFERUM
174
SYMBIEZIDIUM
292
SYMBOLIA
106
SYMODUS SCITULICEPS
438
SYMPATRIC SPECIATION
303
SYMPATRY VERSUS
ALLOPATRY
303
SYMPHIOGYNA
192
SYMPHYOGYNA
292
TAPINOMA
MELANOCEPHALUM
418
TARDIGRADA
021, 257, 503
TARGIONIA
292
SYRRHOPODON
LYCOPODIOIDES
349
SYSTELOGLOSSUM
184
SYZYGIELLA
292
SØRENSEN SIMILARITY
COEFFICIENT
301
TABARCIA DE MORA
192, 291
TACHYTRECHUS
106
TADPOLES
228
TAENIOTES HAYI
047, 048, 108
TAHITI
354
TALAMANCA CRUST
544
TALAMANCIA
099
TALPARIA
339
TANAIDACEA
399
TANAIS STANFORDI
399
TANGARA CHILENSIS
97
TARGIONIACEAE
151, 292
TASMANIA
345
TAXILEJEUNEA
192, 292
TAXONOMY
005, 006, 012,
018, 019, 020,
030, 035, 037,
040, 041, 044,
047, 048, 049,
052, 054, 055,
058, 059, 061,
065, 068, 069,
074, 076, 078,
081, 082, 083,
086, 087, 088,
092, 093, 094,
097, 098, 099,
102, 103, 105,
117, 118, 119,
129, 130, 131,
136, 137, 138,
141, 142, 143,
145, 152, 153,
162, 163, 166,
171, 172, 173,
179, 181, 184,
189, 191, 193,
203, 204, 207,
210, 221, 222,
225, 228, 229,
234, 237, 238,
240, 241, 242,
248, 250, 251,
254, 256, 257,
260, 266, 267,
272, 274, 275,
285, 287, 289,
291, 293, 300,
311, 312, 315,
323, 327, 330,
347, 352, 359,
373, 374, 376,
385, 386, 387,
390, 391, 393,
399, 400, 401,
415, 417, 423,
437, 438, 439,
444, 445, 446,
486, 488, 489,
495, 496, 502,
510
016,
022,
039,
045,
050,
057,
063,
072,
080,
084,
089,
095,
100,
106,
125,
133,
139,
144,
158,
168,
174,
185,
197,
209,
223,
232,
239,
245,
252,
259,
269,
276,
290,
302,
320,
341,
370,
377,
389,
396,
402,
436,
440,
448,
494,
506,
017,
026,
046,
051,
064,
073,
085,
091,
101,
108,
134,
140,
159,
169,
186,
201,
224,
233,
247,
253,
271,
284,
309,
321,
372,
384,
398,
412,
442,
465,
508,
TEACHING MATERIALS
154
058
TECTARIA
035, 038
TECTONIC EROSION
531, 557, 569
TEREBRA
GUAYAQUILENSIS
007
TEREBRA HANCOCKI
007
TETRAMORIUM
BICARINATUM
418
TETRAMORIUM
CALDARIUM
418
TECTONIC EVOLUTION
295, 535, 541, 550, 551,
572
TEREBRA MACULATA
007
TECTONIC INDICATIONS
296
TEREBRA ORNATA
007
TETRAMORIUM
PACIFICUM
418
TECTONIC PLATES
526
TEREBRA ROBUSTA
007
TETRAODONTIDAE
194, 360, 365, 438
TECTONICS
522, 531, 553, 572
TEREBRA SGTRIGATA
007
TETRAODONTIFORMES
123
TECTONISM
511, 514, 539, 541
TEREBRA VARIEGATA
007
TETRASARUS LEZAMAI
239
TECTONOPHYSICS
405
TEREBRATALIA
320
TETRASARUS NANUS
239
TEIIDAE
068
TEREBRATULINA
320
TETRASARUS SIMILIS
239
TELARANEA
292
TEREBRIDAE
002, 007, 506
TETTIGONIIDAE
042, 081, 092
TELEOSTEI
131, 386, 502
TERENOTRICCUS
ERYTHRURUS
077
TEXTULARIA CONICA
492
TEMPERATURE
112, 316
TEMPERATURE
DISTRIBUTION
549
TEMPLETON CROCKER
EXPEDITION
460
TEPHRA
578
TERATOHYLA
069
TEREBRA ARMILLATA
007
TEREBRA BERRYI
007
TEREBRA CORINTOENSIS
007, 379
TEREBRA CRENULATA
007
TEREBRA DOROTHYAE
347
TEREBRA ELTA
007
TEREBRA GLAUCA
007
TERMITIDAE
042
TERPSICHORE
COCOSENSIS
158
TERPSICHORE
ESQUIVELIANA
209
TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCS
056
TERRITORIAL DEFENSE
227
TERTIARY
526
TEXTULARIA CORRUGATA
492
TEXTULARIA FOLIACEA
492
TEXTULARIA
PANAMENSIS
492
TEXTULARIA SAULCYANA
492
TEXTULARIA SCHENCKI
492
TEXTULARIA SECASENSIS
492
TEXTULARIIDAE
492
TERTIARY HISTORY
515
TESSELLATA
339
TESTUDINATA
155, 228, 336
TESTUDINIDAE
336
THAIDIDAE
002
THAILAND
352
THAIS (TRIBULUS)
PLANOSPIRA
216
TETHOCYATHUS PRAHLI
201
THAIS (VASULA)
MELONES
216
TETRAGNATHIDAE
THAIS MELONES
98
403
041
THAIS PLANOSPIRA
509
THERIDIOSOMATIDAE
008, 126
THALASSINIDEA
396
THERIDIUM
058
THALASSOMA
LUCASANUM
392
THERIIDAE
058
THYROLAMBRUS
VERRUCIBRACHIUM
185
THERMAL GRADIENTS
387
THYROSCYPHIDAE
229
THERMAL HISTORY
556
THYROSCYPHUS
MARGINATUS
229
THALASSOMA VIRENS
316
THALASSOMYIA BURENI
098
THALASSOMYIA
COCOSENSIS
042, 098
THUNNUS ALBACARES
177, 334
THYPTICUS
106
THERMAL MODELLING
574
THIARA TUBERCULATA
243
THYROSCYPHUS
RAMOSUS
229
THYSANANTHUS
192, 292
THALASSOMYIA
SETOSIPENNIS
098
THINOPHILUS
106
THECADACTYLS
068
THOR COCOENSIS
204
010, 344
THECIDELLINA
320
THOR CORDELLI
204
TIARIS FULIGINOSA
344
THECOSOMATA
281
THORACICA
112
TIARIS MELANOSPIZA
397
THELEPHORACEAE
053
THRAUPINI
226
TIARIS OBSCURA
226
THELYPTERIDACEAE
022, 035
THRAUPIS BONARIENSIS
344
TIARIS OLIVACEA
010, 344
THELYPTERIS
035
THREATENED BIRDS
180
TICKS
043
THELYPTERIS
(GONIOPTERIS)
038
THREATENED SPECIES
180
TICOGLOSSUM
184
THREE-DIMENSIONAL
MAPPING
411
TICONECTRIA
PERIANTHII
168
THRUST BELT
569
TIDE POOL
140
THRUST BELTS
549
TIMETES
042
THRUST FAULTING
529, 542
TINEIDAE
125
THUIARIA CRISIOIDES
495
TINEOIDEA
125
THUIARIA CRISOIDES
495
TIPULA
(EUMICROTIPULA)
ACROLEUCA
091
THELYPTERIS
(GONIOPTERIS) CALYPSO
022
THERIDIIDAE
041
THERIDION COCOSENSE
041
THERIDION
COSTARICAENSE
041
THERIDION DILUCIDUM
041
THERIDION GRECIA
041
THERIDION HISPIDIUM
041
THERIDION POSITIVUM
TIARIS BICOLOR
THUIARIA
TUBULIFORMIS
494
THUNNIDAE
438
99
TIPULIDAE
042, 055, 091
TIPULINAE
091
TIRODESMUS BIOLLEYI
083, 107
TIRODESMUS
FIMBRIATUS
045
TITYUS ASTHENES
294
TITYUS CHAMPIONI
249
TITYUS DEDOSLARGOS
249, 294
TORTRICIDAE
186, 240
TORTULA MNIIFOLIA
349
TORTYRA HOGUELLA
074
TOURISM
121, 127, 156, 157, 187,
230, 409, 450
TOURISM LIMITS
121
TITYUS OCELOTE
249, 294
TOWNSEND, CHARLES
HASKINS [1859-1944]
317
TITYUS PACHYURUS
249, 294
TOXICITY
004, 403
TODIDAE
077
TOXINS REMOVAL
230
TODIROSTRUM
077
TOXORHINUS
232
TODUS
077
TOXORHINUS
GRALLARIUS
232
TOMICODON ABUELORUM
131
TOMICODON PRODOMUS
131
TOMICODON
VERMICULATUS
131
TOMOGRAPHIC
INVERSION
551
TOMOGRAPHY
517
TONICIA ARNHEMI
279
TONICIA FORBESII
279
TONNACEA
096, 113, 212, 267, 383,
394
TORNATELLINA BIOLLEYI
078, 079
TORNATELLINA
MARTENSI
078
TREASURE HUNTERS
350, 367, 410, 426, 427,
434, 452, 456, 458, 459,
467, 478, 480, 481,
485, 497, 499, 500
TREASURE ISLAND
350, 367, 410, 426, 427,
434, 452, 456, 458, 459,
467, 478, 480, 481,
485, 497, 499, 500
TREASURE TROVE
036, 410, 497, 499, 500
TREE FERNS
210
TREMELLACEAE
053
TRENCH
516, 522, 536
TRACE ELEMENTS
537
TRACHYPODACEAE
349
TRACHYPOLLIA
252
TRACHYPUS VIRIDULUS
349
TRIAENODON OBESUS
270
TRIANDROPHYLLUM
292
TRICHARIA
MEMBRANULA
144
TRICHILIA
031
TRICHIPTERIS
COSTARICENSIS
355
TRICHIPTERIS
MICRODONTA
355
TRICHIPTERIS
NESIOTICA
038, 355
TRAITS
382
TRAMP ANTS
246, 418
TRANSFORM FAULTS
295
TRICHIPTERIS
STIPULARIS
355
TRANSPORTATION
230
TRICHIPTERIS
TRICHIATA
355
TRAODONTIFORMES
193
TRICHIPTERIS URSINA
355
TRAVEL
157, 187, 351, 366, 424,
428, 429, 431, 441, 455,
457, 461, 465
TRICHIPTERIS
WENDLANDII
355
TORNATELLINA PITTIERI
078, 079
TRAVEL TIME
TOMOGRAPHY
523, 528, 542, 559
TORPEDINIDAE
438
TRAVELERS
351, 366, 457
100
TRICHOCENTRUM
184
TRICHOCOLEA
292
TRICHOCOLEACEAE
151, 292
229
TRICHOLOMATACEAE
053
TRIGGERFISHES
123
TROMBIFORMIS
HEMPHILLI
143
TRICHOMANES
022, 035
TRIGONIDIUM
184
TRONA
339
TRICHOMANES
CAPILLACEUM VAR.
COCOS
038
TRIGONIULIDAE
107
TROPHIC LEVELS
334
TRINGA FLAVIPES
298
TROPHIC STRUCTURE
304
TRINIDAD
104, 302, 355, 385
TROPICAL ECOLOGY
207
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
246, 260
TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS
077, 200, 409
TRINIOCHLOA
065
TROPIDURUS
336
TRIPHORA TRITICEA
384
TRUMPETFISHES
331, 360
TRIPLE JUNCTIONS
563
TSUNAMIS
546, 558
TRIPTERYGIIDAE
141, 314
TUBASTRAEA
376
TRIPTYCHUS
INCANTATUS
401
TUBASTREA
009
TRICHOMANES
COLLARIATUM VAR.
ALVARADOI
272
TRICHOMANES
MICAYENSE
209
TRICHOMORPHA
CRINITAPES
099
TRICHOMORPHA
CRUCICOLA
099
TRICHOMORPHA FOLIUM
099, 107
TRICHOMORPHA
GRACILIS
099
TRIPTYCHUS PACIFICUS
401
TUBASTREA
TENUILAMELLOSA
443
TRISETUM
065
TUBIDENDRIDAE
495
TRICHOPILIA
184
TRISTAN DA CUNHA
ISLANDS
340
TUBULARIDAE
495
TRICHOPOLYDESIDAE
107
TRIURIDACEAE
289
TRICHOPTERA
142
TRIVIIDAE
002, 282
TRICHOPTERIS
035
TRIVIINAE
282
TRICHORHINA
HETEROPHTHALMA
400
TRIXIDIUM
247
TURKS AND CAICOS
ISLANDS
260
TRIZEUXIS
184
TURNOVER
413
TROCHACEA
113
TURRIDAE
002
TROCHAMMINIDAE
491
TURRITOPSIS
NUTRICULA
495
TRICHOMORPHA HYLA
099
TRICHOMORPHINI
099
TRICHOUROPODA
COCOSENSIS
114
TRICOLIA (HILOA)
VARIABILIS
113
TRIDACHIELLA
DIOMEDEA
281
TRIDENTATA DISTANS
TULOSTOMA
300
TURBINELLIDAE
002
TURBINIDAE
002
TROCHIDAE
002
TROCHOMORPHA
085
101
TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS
148, 176, 177, 190, 198,
227, 310, 313, 421
TURTLE MIGRATION
155
UNIFORM COLORATION
140
URGLEPTES KUSCHELI
047
TURTLE NESTING
BEHAVIOR
155
UPLIFT
538
TURVERIA PALLIDA
143
UPOGEBIA ACANTHOPS
396
TYLIMANTHUS
292
UPOGEBIA AFFINIS
396
TYLODINA FUNGINA
281
UPOGEBIA BURKENROADI
396
TYLOSURUS ACUS
MELANOTUS
221
UPOGEBIA COCOSIA
396
TYLOSURUS PACIFICUS
221
TYMPANIFORM
CORALLUM SHAPE
201
TYPES
347
TYPHACEAE
289
TYPHLOCYBINAE
049
TYPHLOPIDAE
228
TYRANNIDAE
012, 013, 014, 034, 071,
077, 268, 299, 317
TYRANNUS TYRANNUS
299
U.S. WAR PLANE BASE
430
U.S.S. HOUSTON
EXPEDITION
465
UCA BREVIFRONS
322
UCA ZACAE
322
UPOGEBIA DAWSONI
396
UPOGEBIA
GALAPAGENSIS
396
UPOGEBIA JONESI
396
UPOGEBIA LEPTA
396
UPOGEBIA LONGIPOLLEX
396
UPOGEBIA MACCRARYAE
396
UPOGEBIA
MACGINITIEORUM
396
UPOGEBIA ONICHION
396
UPOGEBIA PUGETTENSIS
396
UPOGEBIA RAMPHULA
396
UPOGEBIA RUGOSA
396
UPOGEBIA SCHMITTI
396
UPOGEBIA SPINIGERA
396
UJARRAS DE BUENOS
AIRES
080
UPOGEBIA TENUIPOLLEX
396
UMBILIA
339
UPOGEBIA THISTLEI
396
UNCINEREIS
GALLAPAGENSIS
437
UPOGEBIA VELERONIS
396
UNGULATES
278, 351
UPWELLING SYSTEMS
307
UPOGEBIIDAE
396
UROACTINIA
COCOSENSIS
152
UROPTERYGIUS
GALAPAGENSIS
440
UROPTERYGIUS
VERSUTUS
140
URTICACEAE
087
URTICALES
087
URUGUAY
104, 260, 352
USA
098,
260,
321,
386,
517
104,
275,
344,
396,
114,
276,
352,
398,
USE OF EMPTY
CIRRIPEDIA SHELLS
254
UTA
336
UVITA DE OSA
172
VAEJOVIDAE
294
VAGINULINA EXILIS
496
VALLE DE LA ESTRELLA
EARTHQUAKE
513
VALLE DEL SILENCIO DE
LIMON
137, 239
VAMPYROTEUTHIDAE
002
VANIKORO ACUTA
115
VANTANEA BARBOURII
293
VANTANEA
OCCIDENTALIS
293
VARIABILITY
102
143, 193,
302, 320,
365,
399, 515,
VITTARIA
035
193,
202,
VITTARIACEAE
035
225,
254,
VOCALIZATION
013, 395
303,
314,
VOICE
013
336,
344,
VOLATINIA JACARINA
010, 344, 397
360,
375,
VOLCAN AHUACHAPAN
545
412,
435,
VOLCAN ARENAL
151
475,
VOLCAN BARVA
068, 069, 137, 151, 184,
247
VERTIGINIDAE
490
VELOCITY
568
VERTIGO COCOSENSIS
076, 078, 079, 490
VELOCITY STRUCTURE
551
VESICULARIA
CRASSICAULIS
349
VOLCAN MIRAVALLES
291, 545
VESPIDAE
082
VOLCAN MOMOTOMBO
545
VICARIANCE
331
VOLCAN OROSI
166, 243
VICARIANCE
BIOGEOGRAPHY
139
VOLCAN RINCON DE LA
VIEJA
065
VIDENA
085
VOLCAN TENORIO
068, 069
VIDEO CASSETTE VHS
154
VOLCANIC ISLANDS
332
VIPERIDAE
228
VOLCANIC ROCKS
273, 416, 550
VIRGIN ISLANDS
246, 260, 352, 370, 418
VOLCANICLASTIC
SEDIMENTS
526
VASCELLUM
300
VASCULAR PLANTS
117, 118, 124, 136, 145,
169, 170, 173, 355
VECTORS
043
VEGETATION
220, 244
VEGETATION DIVERSITY
200
VENEROIDA
384
VENEZUELA
016, 059, 061,
240, 246, 259,
323, 344, 349,
355, 370, 372,
415, 423
081, 095,
260, 302,
352,
386, 390,
VENOMOUS FISHES
453, 475
VENTRIFOSSA
275
VERBENACEAE
059
VERMETIDAE
002
VERMETUS
079
VERMIVORA CELATA
344
VERPA CONICA
245
VERTEBRATES
004, 010, 011, 012, 013,
014, 017, 025, 026, 028,
029, 054, 060, 062,
077,
112,
131,
140,
152,
176,
191,
199,
220,
224,
237,
275,
299,
313,
319,
334,
343,
351,
359,
369,
392,
403,
434,
461,
474,
141,
155,
VELIFERA GABBI
243
VARICUS
162
071,
109,
128,
135,
150,
175,
190,
198,
219,
223,
228,
271,
298,
310,
317,
331,
342,
348,
358,
365,
387,
398,
421,
453,
473,
VITRINA
085
VEGETATION TYPES
144
VARIATION
305, 415, 419
069,
104,
123,
133,
148,
174,
180,
196,
205,
222,
227,
270,
278,
308,
316,
330,
341,
346,
357,
364,
386,
397,
419,
440,
470,
090,
119,
068,
094,
120,
132,
146,
162,
177,
194,
203,
221,
226,
268,
276,
305,
315,
329,
337,
345,
356,
361,
377,
395,
417,
438,
462,
502
013
VIRIOLA ABBOTTI
096, 288
VISITOR IMPACT
MANAGEMENT
121
VISUAL OBSERVATIONS
550
VITREA
076
VOLCAN BERLIN
545
VOLCAN CACAO
172, 240, 290, 302
VOLCANISM
553
VOLCANOCLASTIC
DEPOSITS
578
VOLCANOES
571
VOLCANOLOGY
255, 537, 578
103
VOLUME
534
WENDILGARDA
GALAPAGENSIS
008, 126
XANTHICHTHYS
CAERULEOLINEATUS
123, 193
VOLUTACEA
096, 383
WEST AFRICA
386
XANTHINA
106
VOLVARIACEAE
053
WEST CENTRAL AFRICA
246
XANTUSIIDAE
068, 228
VOLVARINA NYSSA
287
WEST INDIES
040, 104, 247
XYLEBORUS AFFINIS
018
VOLVULELLA CATHARIA
274
WETLAND INVENTORIES
183
XYLEBORUS
FERRUGINEUS
018
VOLVULELLA CYLINDRICA
274
WETLANDS
131, 154, 170, 175, 180,
182, 183, 230, 244
VOLVULELLA PANAMICA
274
WHALER
351
VOYAGES AROUND THE
WORLD
498
WHALING SHIP
351
VULPIA
065
WHITE-EYES
345
WALDECK FARM
260
WHITETIP REEF SHARKS
270
WARMINGIA
184
WIESNERELLACEAE
151
WASHINGTON
004
WILDLIFE
244, 409
WASMANNIA
AUROPUNCTATA
084, 246, 434
WILDLIFE PROTECTION
160
WATER
112
WATER DEPTH
207
XYLEBORUS
INTERSETOSUS
018
XYLEBORUS
PARALLELOCOLLIS
018
XYLEBORUS PERFORANS
018
XYLEBORUS VOLVULUS
018
XYLOLEJEUNEA
292
XYLOPHANES TERSA
147
WILDLIFE REFUGES
244
WIND-DISPERSED SEEDS
145
XYRICHTYS MUNDICEPS
222
XYRICHTYS PAVO
222
XYRICHTYS VICTORI
222
WINDWARD ISLANDS
260
XYRICHTYS
WELLINGTONI
222
WINNEA GIGANTEA
245
XYRIDACEAE
289
WOOD
366
YUSHANIA
065
WATERBIRDS
298, 299
WOODROW G. KRIEGER
EXPEDITION
475
ZALIEUTES
412
WATERSHEDS
244
WORKING PLANS
206
WEB METHODS
126
WORLD HERITAGE
205, 235
ZALOPHUS
CALIFORNIANUS
148, 196, 199
WEBS
126
WRASSES
222
ZAMIACEAE
250
WEDGES
518
WYNNEA AMERICANA
245
ZANCLIDAE
194, 365
WATER MOVEMENTS
316
WATER SUPPLY
230
WATER SURFACE USE
126
104
ZALMOXIDAE
260
ZANCLUS CORNUTUS
360, 364
ZONE
516
ZEUGITES
065
ZONITIDAE
085
ZEXMENIA
THYSANOCARPA
059
ZONITOIDES
085
ZINGIBERACEAE
289
ZINOWIEWIA
COSTARICENSIS
420
ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL AND
PALAEONTOLOGICAL
SIGNIFICANCE
226
ZIPHIUS CAVIROSTRIS
148, 421
ZOOGEOGRAPHY
042, 055, 125, 129,
141, 142, 143, 185,
233, 236, 242, 259,
266, 302, 320, 333,
360, 361, 364, 372,
392, 393, 395, 396,
399, 421, 449, 510
ZOANTHARIA
201, 218, 376
ZOOPSIDELLA
292
ZONA PROTECTORA
CERRO NARA
228, 236
ZOOXANTHELLATE
CORALS
195
ZONA PROTECTORA
CERROS DE ESCAZU
256
ZORAPTERA
019, 042, 134
ZIPHIIDAE
148, 421
ZONA PROTECTORA
CERROS DE LA
CARPINTERA
137, 228, 236, 256, 260
ZONA PROTECTORA
CUENCA RIO TUIS
168
ZONA PROTECTORA EL
RODEO
065
ZONA PROTECTORA LAS
TABLAS
209, 228, 236, 245, 256,
290, 300
131,
208,
356,
376,
ZOROTYPIDAE
019, 042, 134
ZOROTYPUS BARBERI
019, 042, 134
ZOROTYPUS GURNEYI
019
ZOROTYPUS
NEOTROPICUS
134
ZOSTEROPIDAE
345
ZOSTEROPS
ZONA PROTECTORA
MIRAVALLES
228, 236
ZONA PROTECTORA
TENORIO
209, 228, 236, 290
ZONA PROTECTORA
TIVIVES
180, 228, 236
ZONARIA
339
ZONARIA
(PSEUDOZONARIA)
ROBERTSI
282, 374
105
RESÚMENES DE PUBLICACIONES
Actualizado al 6 de diciembre de 2005
Publicación No.: 001 A 3,000-mile range extension: Charonia tritonis tritonis in the eastern
Pacific [Un rango de extensión de 3 000 millas: Charonia tritonis tritonis en el Pacífico oriental] /
Montoya-Maquín, J.M. (Fundación Amigos de la Isla del Coco, Apdo postal 6327, 1000 San José, CR <Email: michelmontoya@correo.co.cr>). In: Hawaiian Shell News (ISSN 0017-8624), v. 31, no. 11, p. 8.
1983.
In the course of a recent malacological expedition to Cocos Island National Park on board the sailing ship
Victoria Af Carlstad, we took a live specimen of Charonia tritonis tritonis. The live adult Charonia was
taken by scuba at Dirty Rock (Roca Sucia) off the northern part of the island, about one kilometer east
of Wafer Bay. It was found by Debborah Bechaud of New York, who kindly donated it to the Costa Rica
National Museum. The shell was lying on a sandy platform bordering a coral reef, 125 feet deep (42 m).
It was somewhat eroded, and the protoconch was missing. The measurements are: 317 mm high and
142 mm wide; operculum: 91 x 51 mm. Its morphological characteristics correspond well to the
geographical subspecies Charonia tritonis tritonis.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S693.
Publicación No.: 002 Los moluscos marinos de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. I. Lista anotada de
especies / Montoya-Maquín, J.M. (Fundación Amigos de la Isla del Coco, Apdo postal 6327, 1000 San
José, CR <E-mail: michelmontoya@correo.co.cr>). In: Brenesia (ISSN 0304-3711), no. 21, p. 325-353.
1983.
An annotated checklist of the species of marine mollusks know from Cocos Island, Costa Rica (5°32'57"
N; 86°59'17" W), including 118 species: Pelecypoda 16, Gastropoda 89, Polyplacophora 4, and
Cephalopoda 9 is presented. The valid nomenclature of each species, existing historical records, their
geographic and ecological distribution and relevant biogeographic characteristics are included. It also
includes five species (Gastropods 3 and Cephalopoda 2), cited for the island, but whose presence is
doubtful.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S696.
Publicación No.: 003 Molluscan fauna of Cocos Island, Costa Rica, based on visits from 19831987: preliminary report [Fauna de moluscos de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, con base a visitas de
1983-1987: informe preliminar] / Montoya-Maquín, J.M. (Fundación Amigos de la Isla del Coco, Apdo
postal 6327, 1000 San José, CR <E-mail: michelmontoya@correo.co.cr>). Proceedings of the Annual
Meeting The Western Society of Malacologists. Abstracts, San Diego, CA US21-25 June 1987. San Diego,
CA: The Western Society of Malacologists, 1988. v. 20.
An updated list of the molluscan fauna of Cocos Island (based on collections made between 1983 and
1987, beach combing, skin diving, SCUBA diving, dredging and netting), was presented. The list include
a total of 429 species, made up of 67 Pelecypoda, 344 Gastropoda, 8 Polyplacophora, 1 Scaphopoda and
9 Cephalopoda. The faunal affinities of this molluscan assemblage consists of 87.9% Panamic (377
spp.), 7.5% Indo-Pacific (32 spp.), 2.3% Cosmopolitan (10 spp.), 0.7% Panamic/Caribbean (3 spp.),
0.2% Caribbean (1 spp.). Various aspects of specific distributions between Cocos Island, other eastern
Pacific islands, and the mainland were discussed. Oceanic circulation around Cocos Island provides an
explanation of the affinities and distribution patterns of this fauna, considering the surface marine
currents as a temporal mechanism of dispersion.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S695.
Publicación No.: 004 Toxicity in holothurians: a geographical pattern [Toxicidad en
holothurianos: un patrón geográfico] / Bakus, G.J. (University of Southern California. Allan Hancock
Foundation, Los Angeles, CA 90007, US). In: Biotropica (ISSN 0006-3606), v. 6, no. 4, p. 229-236.
1974.
Experiments on the toxicity of holothurians to fishes were conducted at Cocos Island (eastern Pacific), in
Mexico, California, and Washington. Six of seven species of holothurians tested at Cocos Island are toxic
to fishes. Five species in Mexico are toxic, one of two species in California is mildly toxic, and three of
twelve species in Washington are mildly toxic to fishes. Feeding experiments confirm laboratory tests on
toxicity. A summary of information is presented on the current status of our knowledge of toxicity in
holothurians. The evidence supports the hypothesis that toxicity in tropical holothurians probably has
evolved in part as a chemical defense mechanism against predation by fishes.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: B. NBINA-2830.
Publicación No.: 005 Ptiliidae (Coleoptera) from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands [Ptiliidae
(Coleoptera) de las Islas Galápagos y del Coco] / Johnson, C. (The University of Manchester. Department
of Entomology, Manchester Museum, Manchester M13 9PL, GB). In: Brenesia (ISSN 0304-3711), no.
19/20, p. 189-199. 1982.
The first records of Ptiliidae from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands are presented. Of the nine species
reported from the Galápagos, four endemics are now to science and are described and figured: Actidium
difficilis, A. leleupi, Ptinella galapagana and Ptinellodes darwini. A single species, also endemic, is
described and figured from Cocos Island: Actinopteryx hoguei. Aspects of the ecology and zoogeography
of these insular Ptiliids are discussed, and all the non-endemics found to be parthenogenetic.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S819.
106
Publicación No.: 006 Nota sobre los géneros Opisthacanthus Peters y Nepabellus nom. nov.
(Scorpionida, Scorpionidae) e informe sobre el hallazgo de O. lepturus en la Isla del Coco,
Costa Rica / Francke, O.F. (Texas Tech University. Department of Biological Sciences, Lubbock, TX
79409, US). In: Brenesia (ISSN 0304-3711), no. 4, p. 31-35. 1974.
The genus Opisthacanthus Peters was unique among scorpions because of its discontinuous distribution
in Africa and America. The morphological differences between taxa from both continents show that the
African species belong to Nepabellus nom. nov. (= Opisthocentrus Pocock 1893, pre-occ.), eliminating
the zoogeographical puzzle. The distribution of the four species in the neotropical genus Opisthacanthus
is given, and O. lepturus (Palisot de Beauvois) is reported for the first time from Cocos Island, Costa
Rica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S973.
Publicación No.: 007 Biogeographical notes on the genus Terebra (Gastropoda: Terebridae) at
Isla del Coco, Costa Rica [Notas biogeográficas sobre el género Terebra (Gastropoda: Terebridae) en
la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] / Montoya-Maquín, J.M.; Kaiser, K.L. (Fundación Amigos de la Isla del Coco,
Apdo postal 6327, 1000 San José, CR <E-mail: michelmontoya@correo.co.cr>). In: Revista de Biología
Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 36, no. 2B, p. 569-574. 1988.
Se presentan nuevos registros para 11 especies del género Terebra (Gastropoda: Terebridae) en la Isla
del Coco, Costa Rica, llevando a 13 el total. De éstas, once pertenecen a la Provincia faunística Panámica
y dos a la Indo-Pacífica. Se evidencia una exitosa colonización y el mantenimiento de un flujo genético
de estos terébridos a la isla, mediante un análisis biogeográfico que infiere sobre las condiciones
ecológicas adecuadas para su desarrollo. Este considera al sistema de corrientes marinas que circundan
la isla como uno de los medios de dispersión de elementos Panámicos e Indo-Pacíficos y toma en cuenta
que las especies del género Terebra presentes en la isla tienen protoconchas multiespirales, por lo cual
se inferiere que son especies con larvas planctotróficas y por consiguiente pueden ser teleplánicas
(susceptibles de transporte pasivo a largas distancias).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R. S8002.
Publicación No.: 008 Niche expansion in the spider Wendilgarda galapagensis (Araneae,
Theridiosomatidae) on Cocos Island [Expansión del nicho en la araña Wendilgarda galapagensis
(Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) en la Isla del Coco] / Eberhard-Crabtree, W.G. (Universidad de Costa Rica.
Escuela de Biología, Ciudad Universitaria, CR <E-mail: archisepsis@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Revista de
Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 37, no. 2, p. 163-168. 1989.
Wendilgarda galapagensis, a species endemic to Cocos Island, shows an unusually wide variation in
habitat choice, web design, and construction behavior. Differences between W. galapagensis and close
relatives are probably derived rather than vestiges of characters of a common ancestor. Cocos Island
has an impoverished fauna, and the derived characters of W. galapagensis may have evolved in
response to reduced interspecific competition, reduced predation, or increased intraspecific competition.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: STRI.
Publicación No.: 009 Comunidades coralinas y arrecifes del Pacífico de Costa Rica [Coral and
reef communities of the Pacific coast of Costa Rica] / Cortés-Núñez, J.; Murillo-Castro, M.M. (Universidad
de Costa Rica. CIMAR y Escuela de Biología, San José, CR <E-mail: jcortes@biologia.ucr.ac.cr> <E-mail:
mmurillo@cariari.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 33, no. 2, p. 197202. 1985.
Coral reefs have a rather limited distribution along the Eastern Tropical Pacific. The reefs found in Costa
Rican Pacific waters are small and contain at the most a dozen coral species. Although coral communities
are widespread along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, reefs in different stages of development are
confined to Golfo Dulce, Isla del Caño and Isla del Coco. The coral communities are characterized by
isolated corals of the following genera: Pocillopora, Porites and Psammocora. The reefs of Golfo Dulce
are dominated by Porites lobata, whilst those of Isla del Caño and Isla del Coco are typified by
Pocillopora spp. in shallow waters and by Porites lobata in deeper areas. Costa Rican coral reefs show
clear signs of environmental impact due to natural and human induced pressures. Stress of natural
origin is related to temperature changes, basically the effects derived from cold upwelled waters and
from warm waters such as those associated to El Niño 1982-83. Human induced impact is due mainly to
increasing loads of terrigenous sediments and to the extraction of corals. Corrective measures are in
order to reduce siltation by stopping deforestation of watersheds, improving agricultural practices and by
prohibiting all coral extraction.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3517.
Publicación No.: 010 On the origin of Darwin's finches [Sobre el origen de los pinzones de Darwin]
/ Baptista, L.F.; Trail, P.W. (California Academy of Sciences. Department of Ornithology and
Mammalogy, San Francisco, CA 94118, US). In: The Auk (ISSN 0004-8038), v. 105, p. 663-671. 1988.
We critically reviewed recent attempts to identify the ancestor of Darwin's finches (Emberizidae,
"Geospizinae"), and summarized new information on taxa that have been suggested as sister groups of
the geospizines, specifically the emberizines Tiaris, Melanospiza, and Volatinia. Reproductive behaviors
and displays are conservative among Darwin's finches, and have been neglected in discussions of the
ancestry of the group. We concentrate on these characters. We found that Tiaris and Melanospiza share
a large number of apparently derived epigamic behaviors with the geospizines, none of which are
exhibited by Volatinia.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S1872.
107
Publicación No.: 011 Migrants in the Galápagos area [Inmigrantes en el área de Galápagos] /
Lévêque, R.; Bowman, R.I.; Billeb, S.L. (10 Chemin des Crêts, Petit Saconnex, 1211 Geneva 19, CH).
In: The Condor (ISSN 0010-5422), v. 68, no. 1, p. 81-101. 1966.
Sixty-three species of migrant birds, of which 50 are of certain identity, are listed for the Galápagos
area. Thirty-seven species are documented with specimens, and 17 are reported in the Galápagos area
for the first time. The migrants fall conveniently into three groups. The petrel group is represented by
eight species, all of which are known for their long-distance migrations. The scarcity of migrant
procellarii forms in Galápagos waters may be inversely correlated with the relative abundance of the six
local species. The American mainland group is a heterogeneous group of widely distributed aquatic and
terrestrial species that are distinguished by long-distance migrations. The charadriiform group is the
largest of the three assemblages, both in numbers of species and individuals. This group clearly
demonstrates the inverse relationship between the numbers of resident and migrant species. There are
only two species of resident shore birds, but there are at least 23 migrant species. There are four
resident species of larids, all common and in places abundant, but only the Franklin Gull is a regular
migrant visitor.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S1724. NBINA-2869.
Publicación No.: 012 The systematic position of the Cocos Flycatcher [La posición sistemática del
Mosquerito de la Isla del Coco] / Lanyon, W.E. (American Museum of Natural History. Department of
Ornithology, New York, N.Y. 10024, US). In: The Condor (ISSN 0010-5422), v. 86, no. 1, p. 42-47.
1984.
The Cocos Flycatcher (Nesotriccus ridgwayi), traditionally allied with Myiarchus, was recently placed in
another subfamily, Fluvicolinae, near Empidonax and Cnemotriccus. A comparative study of the skull and
syrinx demonstrates that the nearest relatives of Nesotriccus are Phaeomyias murina and Capsiempis
flaveola in the subfamily Elaeniinae, since all three genera share unique derived character states of the
nasal septum and of the supporting elements of the syrinx.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S1684. NBINA-2828.
Publicación No.: 013 Songs of the Cocos Flycatcher: vocal behavior of a suboscine on an
isolated oceanic island [Cantos del mosquerito de la Isla del Coco: comportamiento vocal de un ave
suboscina en una isla aislada del océano] / Kroodsma, D.E.; Ingalls, V.A.; Sherry, T.W.; Werner, T.K.
(University of Massachusetts. Department of Biology, Amherst, MA 01003, US <E-mail:
kroodsma@bio.umass.edu>). In: The Condor (ISSN 0010-5422), v. 89, no. 1, p. 75-84. 1987.
The conservative song development of suboscine birds may make them better subjects than the songlearning oscines for studying the genetic evolution of vocal behaviors. We used the Cocos Flycatcher
(Nesotriccus ridgwayi) from Cocos Island, about 500 km southwest of Costa Rica in the eastern Pacific
Ocean, to test whether isolation in a depauperate avifauna has reduced song stereotypy. Males sang two
song forms and females one form. Measures of both temporal and frequency parameters for the three
song forms revealed that variability of songs within and among individuals was not different from that of
either a close relative in species-rich South America or two distantly related Empidonax flycatchers in
species-poor North America. Thus, the impoverished acoustic environment apparently has not markedly
affected the song stereotypy of the Cocos Flycatcher. Singing behavior of the Cocos Flycatcher was
unusual, however, in that the female initiated and concluded most singing interactions with her mate
and sang about twice as many songs as did the male. The significance of this reversed singing role of
the two sexes is unclear.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S1703. NBINA-2820.
Publicación No.: 014 Nest, eggs, and reproductive behavior of the Cocos Flycatcher [Nido,
huevos y comportamiento reproductivo del mosquerito de la Isla del Coco] / Sherry, T.W. (University of
California. Biology Department, Los Angeles, CA 90024, US). In: The Condor (ISSN 0010-5422), v. 88
no. 4, p. 531-532. 1986.
Song similarities suggested that the Cocos Flycatcher (Nesotriccus ridgwayi Townsend, Tyrannidae),
endemic to Cocos Island, Costa Rica, is closely related to the Mouse-colored Tyrannulet (Phaeomyias
murina) and their plumages are similar. However, their bills are strikingly dfferent, and this difference
thwarted early attempts to understand the origin of N. ridgwayi. In this paper, I describe for the first
time nest and egg characteristics of the Cocos Flycatcher, which support Lanyon's (1984a) conclusions
about its systematic position. I also present data suggesting a typical clutch size of one egg, and I report
observations on N. ridgawayi reproductive participation of the sexes.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S1678. NBINA-2818.
Publicación No.: 015 Marine parks of Costa Rica: Central America [Parques marinos de Costa
Rica: Centroamérica] / Cortés-Núñez, J.; Murillo-Castro, M.M. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de
Biología
y
CIMAR,
San
José,
CR
<E-mail:
jcortes@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>
<E-mail:
mmurillo@cariari.ucr.ac.cr>). Proceedings of the Symposium of Endangered Marine Animals and Marine
Parks, Cochin India, Jan. 12-16, 1985. In: Silas, E.G. (ed.). Coch: Marine Biological Association of India,
1985. v. 1, p. 491-494.
Under the administration of the National Parks Service, there are twenty national parks and reserves,
including two marine parks: Manuel Antonio and Cahuita. Aside from these two, there is a terrestrial
park Tortuguero that protects a marine resource, the sea turtles. Finally, there are two islands (Isla del
Coco, Isla del Caño) that have been made parks, but whose surrounding reefs are unprotected. Succint
descriptions of the marine parks are included and recommendations are put forward for the inclusion of
108
the reefs of Isla del Caño and Cocos in the protected area. Two localities from the Atlantic coast are
described and proposed as marine reserves: Isla Uvita, and the reefs and forests, between Manzanillo
and Punta Mona.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3511.
Publicación No.: 016 The neotropical fern genus Olfersia [El género neotropical de helechos
Olfersia] / Moran, R.C. (The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, US <E-mail:
rmoran@nybg.org>). In: American Fern Journal (ISSN 0002-8444), v. 76, no. 4, p. 161-178. 1986.
Olfersia Raddi (Dryopteridaceae) consists of a single species, O. cervina (L.) Kunze, which is widely
distributed in forests of the neotropics. This species differs from all other dryopteroid ferns by its
numerous, fine, parallel veins that connect at their tips by a submarginal vein. Other features that
distinguish Olfersia from many dryopteroid ferns are its strongly differentiated sterile and fertile leaves,
simply pinnate sterile lamina, entire pinnae, and conform apical pinna. Olfersia is morphologically most
similar and cladistically most closely related to Polybotrya, a genus that also has strong sterile-fertile
leaf dimorphism. Most recent pteridologists have placed Olfersia in Polybotrya; however, Olfersia differs
by the characters noted above and lacks the unique stem anatomy of Polybotrya. This paper, an
outgrowth of my work on Polybotrya (Moran, 1986), is based on a study of about 550 herbarium sheets
that represent approximately 335 individual collections from 29 herbaria see Acknowledgments. I spent
seven months collecting Olfersia and Polybotrya in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela and was
able to study living plants of Olfersia in each of those countries. Important observations were made
about the biology of Olfersia that would have been impossible to discern from herbarium specimens,
such as the duration of fertile leaves on the stem, the orientation of sterile vs. fertile leaves, and how
often the plants were terrestrial or became scandent. Herbarium, cytological, and anatomical material
were also collected during field work.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S4921.
Publicación No.: 017 Infrageneric classification and species composition of the anole genera,
Anolis, Ctenonotus, Dactyloa, Norops and Semiurus (Sauria: Iguanidae) [Clasificación
infragenérica y composición de especies en los géneros Anolis, Ctenonotus, Dactyloa, Norops y Semiurus
(Sauria: Iguanidae)] / Savage, J.M.; Guyer, C. (Rana Dorada Enterprises, S.A., PMB 304, 3401 Adams
Avenue, Suite A, San Diego, CA 92116-2490, US <E-mail: savy1@cox.net> <E-mail:
cguyer@acesag.auburn.edu>). In: Amphibia-Reptilia (ISSN 0173-5373), v. 10, p. 105-116. 1989.
All valid species of Anolis, Ctenonotus, Dactyloa, Norops and Semiurus are listed by genus and where
possible by the infrageneric categories (from most to least inclusive): series, subseries and species
groups. An alphabetical index cross-referencing the species names to genus and series is also included.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S2388.
Publicación No.: 018 Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from the Cocos Islands, Costa Rica, with
description of one new species [Scolytidae (Coleoptera) de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, con
descripción de una nueva especie] / Bright, D.E. (Agriculture-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960
Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, CA <E-mail: brightd@em.agr.ca>). In: The Coleopterists
Bulletin (ISSN 0010-065X), v. 36, no. 1, p. 127-130. 1982.
Five species of Scolytidae are recorded for the first time from the Cocos Island (peninsular territory of
Costa Rica), bringing to 8 the total number of this family known from these islands, which are situated
500 km south-west of Costa Rica. The newly recorded species were mostly taken at light; those scolytids
already recorded from the islands comprise Xyleborus affinis Eichh., X. perforans (Woll.) and X.
ferrugineus (F.).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8898. Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 239.
Publicación No.: 019 Zorotypus gurneyi, new species, from Panama and redescription of Z.
barberi Gurney (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae) [Zorotypus gurneyi, nuevas especies, de Panama y
redescripción de Z. barberi Gurney (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae)] / Choe, J.C. (Seoul National University.
Department of Biology, Seoul 151-742, KR). In: Annals of the Entomological Society of America (ISSN
0013-8746), v. 82, no. 2, p. 149-155. 1989.
A new species of Zoraptera, Zorotypus gurneyi, is described from Panama. It is separated from related
species by differences in body size, structure of the male genitalia, chaetotaxy on the apical tergites, and
the number and arrangement of spines on the posterior margin of the hind femur. Zorotyus barbery
Guerney from Cocos Island and La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica, is redescribed.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S806. Museo de Insectos (UCR).
Publicación No.: 020 A revision of the genus Kyllinga Rottb. (Cyperaceae) in Mexico and
Central America [Revisión del género Kyllinga Rottb. (Cyperaceae) en México y Centroamérica] /
Tucker, G.C. (Duke University. Department of Botany, Durham, N.C. 27706, US). In: Rhodora (ISSN
0035-4902), v. 86, no. 848, p. 507-532. 1984.
A revision based on herbarium study of the six species of Kyllinga occurring in Mexico and Central
America is presented. Each species is described and discussed. Distribution maps, a key to the species,
and a detailed discussion of taxonomically useful characters in the genus are included.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S2452. LS.
Publicación No.: 021 Tardigrada: taxonomy and distribution in Costa Rica [Tardigrada:
taxonomía y distribución en Costa Rica] / Mehlen, R.H. (Texas A&M University. Biology Department,
109
College Station, TX 77843, US). In: Transactions of the American Microscopical Society (ISSN 00030023), v. 88, no. 4, p. 498-505. 1969.
Twelve species of Tardigrada are now known from Costa Rica, representing two classes (Eutardigrada
and Heterotardigrada), two orders (Diplotardigrada and Echiniscida), three families (Macrobiotidae,
Milnesiidae, and Echiniscidae), and four genera (Hypsibius, Macrobiotus, Milnesium, and Echiniscus).
Echiniscus arctomys was collected from mosses on the Cerro de la Muerte, Echiniscus bigranulatus from
lichens on the Cerro de la Muerte, and Echiniscus crassispinosus from lichens on the Talamanca
Mountains near El Empalme and Santa María. Hypsibius (Diphascon) scoticus was collected from mosses
in the Cloud Forest on Cerro de la Muerte, Hypsibius (Hypsibius) convergens from lichens on the Cerro
de la Muerte, and Hypsibius (Isohypsibius) sattleri from moss in the Tropical Dry Forest in Guanacaste
Province. Macrobiotus areolatus was collected in moss from Guanacaste Provence. Macrobiotus
harmsworthi was found in lichen from Guanacaste Provence and Volcán Irazú and in moss from the
Tropical Rain Forest of the Osa Peninsula. Macrobiotus intermedius came from moss from Monteverde in
Puntarenas Province and moss from the Montane Rain Forest near San Vito de Coto Brus, in lichen from
Guanacaste Province and from Volcán Irazú. Macrobiotus occidentalis was collected in lichens and moss
from Guanacaste Province and in moss from the Tropical Rain Forest of the Osa Peninsula, and from the
Páramo of Cerro de la Muerte. Macrobiotus richtersi came from moss from Monteverde, from the Osa
Peninsula in liverworts and lichens, and from Cocos Island. Milnesium tardigradum was collected in moss
and lichen from Guanacaste Province, in lichens from Cerro de la Muerte, and from Cocos Island.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S2515. NBINA-2840.
Publicación No.: 022 Contribuciones a la pteridología costarricense. X. Nuevos pteridófitos de
la Isla de Cocos [Contributions to the pteridology of Costa Rica. X. New pteridophytes from Cocos
Island] / Gómez-Pignataro, L.D. (Academia Nacional de Ciencias y Organización para Estudios
Tropicales, Apdo. 676-2050, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR <E-mail: gomezp@ots.ac.cr>). In:
Brenesia (ISSN 0304-3711), no. 8, p. 97-101. 1976. Three species of ferns, Trichomanes
(Pachychaetum) sp. aff. sprucei Baker, Thelypteris (Goniopteris) calypso sp. nov., Asplenium cuspidatum
Lam., and one fern-ally, Selaginella flagellata Spring are added to the known pteridophyte flora of Cocos
Island, Costa Rica. Lycopodium brachiatum Maxon is described as a pendent epiphyte.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6806.
Publicación No.: 023 Wildlands conservation in Central America [Conservación de áreas silvestres
en Centroamérica] / Hartshorn, G.S. (Duke University, Box 90630, Durham, NC 27708-0630, US <Email: ghartsho@duke.edu>). In: Tropical rain forest: ecology and management. Sutton, S.L.; Whitmore,
T.C.; Chadwick, A.C. (eds.) Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publ., 1983. p. 423-444. (British Ecological
Society Special Publ. Series; v. 2).
1. Conservation efforts in Belize have been oriented towards tiny wildlife sanctuaries for bird-watching
on the mainland and protecting seabird rookeries on small mangrove islands. Half-Moon Caye National
Monument protects one of the few true coral atolls in the Western Caribbean. Although representative
forest ecosystems are not protected, the low population pressure and the emphasis on pine exploitation
do not yet pose serious threats to the broad-leaved forests. 2. In 12 years, Costa Rica has developed a
model system of twenty-two functional national parks and equivalent reserves. Though close to its goal
of protecting 10% of the country, the Costa Rican National Park Service is having difficulty consolidating
the national parks system due to numerous private land-holdings (23% of the parks area)- and the 1;
very serious national economic problems. Costa Rica's part of the Friendship International Park (La
Amistad) has recently been declared a biosphere reserve by UNESCO. 3. El Salvador's few conservation
units have been seriously degraded by population pressures and the current civil war. Montecristo
National Park contains the only significant forest remaining in the country, but the park suffered from
uncontrolled logging and slash and burn agriculture long before this civil war. 4. Guatemala has
established sixteen national parks since 1955, but only four meet the recommended international
criteria. The Tikal World Heritage Site is the most significant conservation unit in Guatemala; most of the
other conservation units are non-functional 'paper parks'(e.g. Rio Dulce) or too small to effectively
protect critical habitats or populations (e.g. Quetzal biotope). Terrorism and civil warfare have greatly
reduced the government presence in conservation units. Guatemala's conservation efforts, continue to
suffer from the assassination of Mario Dary, the country's leading conservationist. 5. In the past -few
years Honduras has made impressive progress in conservation, highlighted by establishment of the Rio
Plátano Biosphere Reserve. Rio Plátano is the most significant conservation unit in northern Central
America, particularly because of its pristine nature and large size. 6. After the 1979 revolution,
Nicaragua's new government created a National Park Service (SPN) to administer the two existing
national parks. SPN is actively evaluating thirty-five wildlands for conservation potential and designation
as conservation units. 7. Panama's national parks and equivalent reserves cover nearly 12% of the
country; however, most of the conservation units are merely 'paper parks'. The remote Darién World
Heritage Site remains intact because of its inaccessibility, but construction of the Pan-American Highway
to the Colombian border would seriously threaten the integrity of an area that might be the most
biologically rich in the world.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S884. Biblioteca Conmemorativa Orton: AS 50028.
Publicación No.: 024 Geology and geochemistry of Cocos Island, Costa Rica: Implications for
the evolution of the aseismic Cocos Ridge / Castillo, P.R. St. Louis, MO: Washington University,
1987. 318 p. Dissertation, Ph.D, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (USA).
Cocos Island is the summit of a seamount on the aseismic Cocos Ridge; a proposed trace of the
Galapagos hot spot. The island lies on a portion of the ridge that is middle Miocene in age but K/Ar and
110
paleomagnetic dates indicate that Cocos is only about 2 Ma. Thus Cocos offers a rare opportunity to
study seamount volcanism superimposed on early hot spot volcanism. Results of the study show that
Cocos Island was built in three major stages that define three litho-stratigraphic units: (a) shield
building, (b) explosive volcanism, and (c) post-explosive volcanism stages. All Cocos rocks belong to the
typical oceanic island alkali basalt-to-trachyte series and have a homogeneous Sr and Nd isotope
composition. The Cocos volcanic rock series was probably generated by fractional crystallization of
similar alkali basalt parental magmas. Lavas from most of the other young seamounts along the Cocos
Ridge are also alkalic whereas those from the aseismic Cocos, Malpelo and Carnegie Ridges are primarily
tholeiitic basalts that show variable textures and compositions. Some of the differentiated lavas from the
seamounts and aseismic ridges can also be shown as low pressure crystal fractionates of the more
primitive ones but in general, the primitive lavas can only be related to compositionally distinct mantle
sources. Isotopic compositions of ridge and seamount lavas greatly overlap and define a sub-linear array
in the Sr vs Nd isotope diagram. This isotopic array is coincident with that of the Galapagos Islands (GI)
and of the Galapagos Spreading Center (GSC) which strongly suggests that lavas from young
seamounts, aseismic ridges, GI and GSC came from a common, though heterogeneous mantle reservoir.
Previous isotopic studies have suggested that the GI and GSC data indicate binary mixing of "depleted"
and "enriched" mantle components. However, in detail, isotopic and trace element data of ridge and
seamount lavas indicate that all lavas may be derived by variable melting of a heterogeneous mantle
reservoir consisting of at least three end members. GSC lavas represent the largest degree of melting
and most efficient mixing of this reservoir; tholeiitic lavas of the aseismic ridges and the bulk of the GI
are smaller degree melts; and seamount lavas are late-stage, smallest-volume melts. Late-stage
volcanism along the Cocos Ridge was apparently caused by anomalously slow cooling of the lithosphere
under the ridge, and this may be due to the persistent influence of the Galapagos hot spot.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 025 Behavioral, individual feeding specializations by Pinaroloxias inornata,
the Darwin's finch of Cocos Island, Costa Rica [Especializaciones de comportamiento, alimentación
individual por parte de Pinaroloxias inornata, el pinzón de Darwin de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] /
Werner, T.K. (University of Massachusetts. Department of Zoology US). Amsherst, MA: University of
Massachusetts, 1988. 117 p. Dissertation, Ph.D, University of Massachusetts, Amsherst, MA 01003
(USA).
The Cocos Finch (Pinaroloxias inornata), the only Darwin's Finch found outside of the Galápagos
Archipelago, is endemic to Cocos Island, Costa Rica, an isolated, low latitude island in the eastern Pacific
Ocean. Its morphological variation is surprisingly low, considering that its foraging behaviors and
resources span those typical of many different families of birds in adjacent mainland habitats. To
examine how individually color-marked birds feed in relation to their sex, age, morphology, habitat, and
time of day or season, I quantified the foraging behavior of a Cocos Finch population during a total of 10
months, spanning one annual cycle (including two breeding and non-breeding seasons). Based on
34,397 observations of foraging attempts made by 229 indivially marked finches, I document that the
Cocos Finch population studied uses a broad range of feeding behaviors, while individuals feed as
specialists year-round. Although the total number of different foraging behaviors in a bird's observed
repertoire increases with sample size, the observed diversity of foraging behavior stabilizes at three
birddays of sampling (one bird-day consisted of 20 foraging observations). Of the 89 finches whose
foraging behavior is characterized by three bird-days of observation, 69.9% use one behavior for 50% or
more of all foraging attempts. These specializations do not correspond with variation among individuals
in gross morphology (based on eight standard morphological measurements made on 53 finches), age,
or sex. Data obtained by radio-tracking eight individuals, along with other evidence, demonstrate that
these foraging specializations are essentially invariant with respect to habitat and/or resource within
birds' home ranges, time of day, and season. Although the extreme intraspecific variability documented
here occurs as predicted by theorists in a tropical oceanic island environment, these specializations
challenge contemporary ecological theory in that they appear to originate and be maintained
behaviorally, possibly by observational learning. This phenomenon adds another dimension to the
evolutionary radiation of the Darwin's Finches, and underscores the need for detailed ecological and
especially behavioral studies at the individual level to understand animal feeding systems and the
causation of phenotypic variation.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 026 A new tropical eastern Pacific labrid fish, Halichoeres discolor endemic to
Isla del Coco, Costa Rica [Un nuevo pez lábrido del Pacífico oriental tropical, Halichoeres discolor,
endémico de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] / Bussing-Burhaus, W.A. (Universidad de Costa Rica. CIMAR y
Escuela de Biología, San José, CR <E-mail: wbussing@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Revista de Biología
Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 31 no. 1, p. 19-23. 1983.
A new wrasse, Halichoeres discolor, is described from 136 specimens taken at 14 inshore sites at Cocos
Island, Costa Rica, the only known locality. The species has a distinctive juvenile color phase that
resembles the coloration of juvenile Halichoeres nicholsi from the eastern Pacific mainland. The adult
coloration of the new form is dark gray above, yellow-brown below with blue stripes on the head, and
forebodY and the fins mostly salmon- colored.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: Contribuciones Científicas CIMAR Vol. II.
Publicación No.: 027 Los parques marinos de Costa Rica / Cortés-Núñez, J. (Universidad de Costa
Rica. Escuela de Biología y CIMAR, San José, CR <E-mail: jcortes@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: ParksParques-Parcs (ISSN 0363-0617), v. 12, no. 1, p. 3-4. 1987.
111
Around 8% of the national territory of Costa Rica is devoted to reserves which protect a variety of
marine environments and resources. Marine areas face environmental problems caused by man and
nature, amongst which are the uncontrolled collection of organisms and sedimentation on the reefs.
Recovery of reefs is always slow, and is exacerbated by human intervention. The collection of organisms
could be regulated through legislation, but sedimentation of the reefs is very difficult to control as the
sediment may come from outside the protected area. It is recommended that, when declaring a marine
zone as a reserve, adjacent areas, river basins and nearby forests are also considered. However, the
success of this type of project will only be achieved through environmental education and conscience of
the people.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: Contribuciones Científicas CIMAR Vol. IV.
Publicación No.: 028 The birds of Cocos Island, Costa Rica [Las aves de la Isla del Coco, Costa
Rica] / Slud, P. (University of Michigan. Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, MI, US). In: Bulletin of the
American Museum of Natural History (ISSN 0003-0090), v. 134, p. 261-296. 1967.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca Carlos Monge A.: 570B [colección pasiva].
Publicación No.: 029 Geographic and climatic relationships of avifaunas with special reference
to comparative distribution in the neotropics [Relaciones geográficas y climáticas de las avifaunas
con especial referencia a la distribución comparativa en los neotrópicos] / Slud, P. (University of
Michigan. Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, MI, US). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press,
1976. 149 p. (Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology; no. 212).
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca Carlos Monge A.: 590.82 S664S no.212.C1.
Publicación No.: 030 A new species of bromeliad-breeding Culex (Culex) from Cocos Island
[Nuevas especies de Culex de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, que se crían en bromelias] / Hogue, C.L.
(Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard. Department of Entomology,
Los Angeles, CA 90007, US). In: Mosquito Systematics (ISSN 0091-3669), v. 7, no. 4, p. 357-362.
1975.
Cocos Island (5°32'57"N and 86°59'17"W) has been visited by few entomologists and its insect fauna is
very imperfectly known (Hertlein, 1963:250-252). Although the existence of an unnamed Culex was
indicated to J. N. Belkin in 1964 from a few specimens taken by R. O. Schuster with the Galapagos
International Scientific Project, it was not until I was able to make further collections of this mosquito
and complete individual rearings during a stay on the island in April, 1975, that the species' status could
be confirmed. Culex doheni sp. n. is described from the larva, pupa and adults of both sexes; it breeds
in the leaf axils of arboreal bromeliads. The females bit man readily but were not sufficiently aggressive
or abundant to be serious pests.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S137.
Publicación No.: 031 Dissolution of mutualism between Cecropia and its Azteca ants [Disolución
del mutualismo entre las hormigas Azteca y los árboles del género Cecropia] / Janzen, D.H. (University
of
Pennsylvania.
Department
of
Biology,
University
Park,
PA
16802,
US
<E-mail:
djanzen@sas.upenn.edu>). In: Biotropica (ISSN 0006-3606), v. 5, no. 1, p. 15-28. 1973. Cecropia
peltata is not occupied by Azteca ants on Puerto Rico and most other Caribbean islands. The plant no
longer produces the trichilia that produce the glycogen-rich food bodies which are a major part of the
ants' diet in their mutualism with Cecropia on the neotropical mainland. It appears that C. peltata
survives without its ants on Caribbean islands because of the reduced herbivore challenge in insular
habitats, and reduced interspecific competition from trees in those island habitats that are poor in vines.
On the mainland, some high-elevation Cecropia have also lost the mutualistic interaction with Azteca.
One lowland mainland species, C, sciadophylla, lacks a mutualistic interaction with ants, and may
represent an invasion of the lowlands by a Cecropia species that earlier lost its ant interaction on an
island or at mainland high elevations. The ant-free Cecropia demonstrate clearly that a complex
mutualism can evolutionarily disintegrate without the loss of both partners if the proper habitats are
available.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S214. NBINA-2659.
Publicación No.: 032 Marine mollusks of Cocos Island, Costa Rica. I. Bibliographic compilation
of species [Moluscos marinos de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. I. Compilación bibliográfica de especies] /
Montoya-Maquín, J.M.; Bertsch, H. (Fundación Amigos de la Isla del Coco, Apdo postal 6327, 1000 San
José, CR <E-mail: michelmontoya@correo.co.cr>). In: Western Society of Malacologists Annual Report
(ISSN 0361-1175), v. 16, p. 33-44. 1983.
An annotated check-list is presented of the marine mollusk species previously reported from Cocos
Island, Costa Rica (5°32'57"N; 86°59'17"W). It includes 118 species: 16 Pelecypoda, 89 Gastropoda, 4
Polyplacophora, and 9 Cephalopoda. The nomenclature and synonymy of each species is noted, as are
existing historical records and relevant geographic and ecological information. There is also a list of five
species cited for the island, but presence of which is doubtful (3 Gastropoda and 2 Cephalopoda). In
1978 the government of Costa Rica decided to incorporate Isla del Coco into its system of parks and
national reserves. Accordingly, the Servicio Nacional de Parques of Costa Rica began a series of studies
of the islands biological and scenic resources in order to develop and put into action a management plan
for this national park. At the same time the government of Costa Rica petitioned the United Nations
Educational, Scientific, & Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to designate the park a World Heritage Site.
112
Such recognition would allow the focusing of technical, scientific and financial resources that would
guarantee the integrity, conservation, and adequate management of Isla del Coco for the future.
Moreover, the designation of a World Heritage Site requires the preparation of studies that justify its
unique and exceptional character. This bibliographic list of marine mollusks is the first part of a series on
the malacological fauna of Isla del Coco. It should be considered a contribution to the national park
service of Costa Rica as an aid to establishing a management program for the island, and as partial
documentation of the unique and exceptional character, on a worldwide basis, of the marine fauna of
this island. In preparing this species list from Cocos Island, various partial or complete lists have been
used, notably those of Dall (1900, 1902, 1908), Pilsbry & Vanatta (1902), von Martens (1902), Biolley
(1907, 1935), Tomlin (1927, 1928), Hertlein (1932, 1937, 1963), and Emerson & Old (1964).
Corrections and additions to these works have been published in the eastern Pacific fauna] studies of
Keen (1958, 1971), and Keen & Coan (1975), and in monographs by specialists on specific taxonomic
groups: Grau (1959) on Pectinidae; Ingram (1945, 1947, 1948, 1951) and Schilder & Schilder (1938) on
Cypraeidae; Radwin & D'Attilio (1976) on Muricidae; Hanna & Strong (1949) and Walls (1978) on
Conidae; Howard (1952) on Pteropoda; Robson (1929, 1932, 1948) on Cephalopoda. Finally, all the
literature available on the malacological fauna related to Isla del Coco has been analyzed. For each
species documented from this island, the following data are presented: (a) Name of the species
according to the nomenclature of Keen (1971) and Keen & Coan (1975), indicated genus, subgenus (if
appropriate), and the species. A subspecies is indicated only if it is in use. When the species is not
reported in Keen (1971) or Keen & Coan (1975), the nomenclature of the author of the species is used,
or that of the author who reported its presence on the island is used. The species name also includes
author and date of first publication. (b) Following the species name are citations of the authors who have
reported the species from the island, using the nomenclature employed in their reports. The reference
includes the year of publication and the page(s) on which the reference appears. (c) If the island is the
type locality, or if material collected here was designated as a holotype or paratype, it is indicated next.
(d) Finally, the geographic distribution and comments on the ecology of the species are presented. This
format is designed to allow an analysis of the origin and composition of the marine molluscan fauna of
the island, which will be presented in a later communication of this series.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S697.
Publicación No.: 033 La mosca del cangrejo terrestre Cardisoma crassum Smith (Crustacea:
Gecarcinidae) en la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica [The flies of the land crab Cardisoma crassum Smith
(Crustacea: Gercarcinidae) on Cocos Island, Costa Rica] / Gómez-Pignataro, L.D. (Academia Nacional de
Ciencias y Organización para Estudios Tropicales, Apdo. 676-2050, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR <Email: gomezp@ots.ac.cr>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 25, no. 1, p. 59-63.
1977. Commensal, phoretic relationships and other types of associations of Diptera and land crabs are
known from various parts of the world. A commensal relationship between an unidentified species of
Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) and Cardisoma crassum Smith (Crustacea: Gecarcinidae) from Cocos Island,
Costa Rica, is reported for the first time. The pattern of infection is closely similar to that of Drosophila
and Lissocephala (Diptera: Drosophilidae) found associated with other gecarcinids elsewhere. The
Sphaeroceridae, are apparently obligatorily exploiting an exclusive niche in the restricted environment,
suggesting a genetical mechanism of adaptation for this particular group of Diptera, possibly derived and
favored by geographical isolation.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7420. Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 1011.
Publicación No.: 034 Diplotriaena muscisaxicolae Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1952 (Nematoda:
Diplotriaenoidea) from Nesotriccus ridgwayi Townsend (Tyrannidae) of Cocos Island, Costa
Rica [Diplotriaena muscisaxicolae Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1952 (Nematoda: Diplotriaenoidea) en
Nesotriccus ridgwayi Townsend (Tyrannidae) de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] / Anderson, R.C.; Wong,
P.L.; Sherry, T.W. (University of Guelph. College of Biological Sciences, Department of Zoology, Ontario
N1G 2W1, CA). In: Canadian Journal of Zoology (ISSN 0008-4301), v. 58, no. 10, p. 1923-1926. 1980.
Diplotriaena muscisaxicolae is redescribed on the basis of specimens from the Cocos Island flycatcher,
Nesotriccus ridgwayi, endemic to Cocos Island, Costa Rica. This worm was originally found in
Muscisaxicola m. maculirostris (Tyrannidae) of Argentina. It has been reported incorrectly as D.
attenuato-verrucosa (Molin, 1858) in the flycatchers Tyrannus caudifasciatus flavescens and Myiarchus
stolidus sagrae of Venezuela and Cuba. D. muscisaxicolae could have been introduced to Cocos Island by
migrating flycatchers which visit the island occasionally. It is apparently a species restricted to the
Tyrannidae and is distinguished by the form of the tridents and the shape of the right spicule.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9839.
Publicación No.: 035 Contribuciones a la pteridología costarricense. VII. Pteridófitos de la Isla
de Cocos [Contributions to the Costa Rican pteridology. VII. Pteridophyta of Cocos Island] / GómezPignataro, L.D. (Academia Nacional de Ciencias y Organización para Estudios Tropicales, Apdo. 6762050, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR <E-mail: gomezp@ots.ac.cr>). In: Brenesia (ISSN 0304-3711),
no. 6, p. 33-48. 1975. The ferns and allies from Cocos Island, Costa Rica, in total 60 species, are listed
and briefly described. Their floristic affinities and ecology are discussed.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6783.
Publicación No.: 036 Cocos Island: where the buried treasure stays buried [Isla del Coco: donde
el tesoro enterrado permanece enterrado] / Simmons, J.C. In: Oceans (ISSN 0029-8174), v. 17, no. 2,
p. 28-31. 1984.
(No abstract)
113
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 037 Two new tree ferns from Costa Rica [Dos nuevos helechos arbóreos de Costa
Rica] / Gómez-Pignataro, L.D. (Academia Nacional de Ciencias y Organización para Estudios Tropicales,
Apdo. 676-2050, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR <E-mail: gomezp@ots.ac.cr>). In: American Fern
Journal (ISSN 0002-8444), v. 61, no. 4, p. 166-170. 1971.
The tree fern flora of Costa Rica is richly represented by some 50 or 55 species of the Cyatheaceae and
Dicksoniaceae. Two have been known from Cocos Island (5°30'N, 87°03'W), a Costa Rican possession in
the Pacific Ocean some 300 miles southwest of the Punta Burica Peninsula, the southernmost part of
Costa Rica. These species, Cyathea notabilis Domin and Trichipteris nesiotica (Maxon) Tryon (formerly
known as Alsophila notabilis Maxon and A. nesiotica Maxon), occur on the island from sea-level to its
highest point, Monte Yglesias, about 900 m altitude. During an eight-week survey of the island's
cryptogamic flora, I noticed a tree fern that differed in several respects from the two previously reported
species. Further study lead to the conclusion that this is a new species (Cyathea alfonsiana). The second
new species is an endemic fern of the central north-eastern slopes of the Talamanca Ridge in continental
Costa Rica. It was formerly described, but unfortunately not validly or effectively published, by Carmen
Nissman in her thesis (1965) as Hemtelia holdridgei, and is here published as: Cyathea holdridgeana.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6747.
Publicación No.: 038 The ferns and fern-allies of Cocos Island, Costa Rica [Los helechos y sus
relacionados de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] / Gómez-Pignataro, L.D. (Academia Nacional de Ciencias y
Organización para Estudios Tropicales, Apdo. 676-2050, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR <E-mail:
gomezp@ots.ac.cr>). In: American Fern Journal (ISSN 0002-8444), v. 65, no. 4, p. 102-104. 1975.
Cocos Island, in the Pacific Ocean at 5°32'57" N Lat. and 86°59'17" W Long, is the only extra-continental
possession of Costa Rica. It is uninhabited and lies some 500 km south-southwest of Costa Rica and
about 830 km north-northeast of the Galápagos Islands. The ferns and fern-allies have been reported in
rather fragmentary fashion by a few botanists who stopped at one of the two large bays (Chatham and
Wafer) for a few hours on their way to or from the Galápagos Islands or during more general
oceanographic researches of the western coasts of tropical America. Some records are those of Hemsley
(1882-1886), Robinson (1902), Stewail (1912). Svenson (1935), and Fosberg and Klawe (1966). I have
been on the Island for two expeditions which totalled fifteen weeks. As of now, the Pteridophyta of Cocos
Island is known to include 60 species, of which six are endemic.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6744.
Publicación No.: 039 A review of the genera of Western Hemisphere Ozophorini with two new
genera from Central America (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) [Una revisión de los géneros
de Ozophorini del hemisferio occidental con dos nuevos géneros de Centroamérica (HemipteraHeteroptera: Lygaeidae)] / Ashlock, P.D.; Slater, J.A. (The University of Kansas. Department of
Entomology, Lawrence, KS 66045, US <E-mail: lyfslat@downcity.net>). In: Journal of the Kansas
Entomological Society (ISSN 0022-8567), v. 55, no. 4, p. 737-750. 1982. Two new genera of Ozophorini
are described from Central America each including a new species.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7225.
Publicación No.: 040 Papers from the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos expedition, 1898-1899. VII.
Entomological results (6). Arachnida. Whith field notes by Robert E. Snodgrass [Publicaciones
de la expedición Hopkins Stanford Galápagos, 1898-1899. VII. Resultados entomológicos (6). Arachnida.
Con apuntes de campo por Robert E. Snodgrass] / Banks, N. In: Proceedings of the Washington
Academy of Sciences (ISSN 0363-1095), v. 4, p. 49-86. 1902.
Taxonomía y distribución de numerosas especies recolectadas en las islas Galápagos. Descripción de
algunas especies y análisis de afinidades faunísticas con América Central, Indias Occidentales y
Colombia. Incluye un ejemplar del arácnido Argyoepeira nigriventris proveniente de la Isla del Coco.
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 7.
Publicación No.: 041 American spiders of the genus Theridion (Araneae, Theridiidae) [Arañas
americanas del género Theridion (Araneae, Theridiidae)] / Levi, H.W. (Harvard University. Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, MA 02138, US). In: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
(ISSN 0027-4100), v. 129, no. 10, p. 481-589. 1963.
Extensa revisión taxonómica e informe de distribución y sinonimias de las especies conocidas
pertenecientes a este género. Se incluye a Costa Rica en la distribución de Theridion positivum, T.
hispidium, T. dilucidum, T. grecia, T. cocosense y T. costaricaense, n. sp. Contiene claves.
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 80.
Publicación No.: 042 Entomofauna of Cocos Island, Costa Rica [Entomofauna de la Isla del Coco,
Costa Rica] / Hogue, C.L.; Miller, S.E. (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition
Boulevard. Department of Entomology, Los Angeles, CA 90007, US). In: Atoll Research Bulletin (ISSN
0077-5630), no. 250, p. 1-29. 1981.
Lista de artrópodos colectados en la Isla del Coco durante dos expediciones realizadas por los autores,
así como las diferentes expediciones científicas pasadas en donde se han realizados colecciones de
insectos. Incluyen en la lista a insectos citados en la literatura para la Isla del Coco.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7295. NBINA-3037.
114
Publicación No.: 043 Arthropods of medical importance in Latin America [Artrópodos de
importancia médica en Latinoamérica] / Travis, B.V.; Labadan, R.M. (Cornell University. College of
Agriculture, Ithaca, N.Y. 14853, US). Natick, MS: U.S. Army Natick Laboratory, 1967. 507 p. (Technical
Report; 68-30-ES).
Informe acerca de los insectos y otros artrópodos de importancia médica en América tropical. Listas
ordenadas de especies y subespecies, hábitos alimentarios, distribución, autor de la descripción,
enfermedades que transmite y otros datos de interés. Se incluye a Costa Rica e Isla del Coco en la
distribución de especies tales como Aedes aegypti, A. atropalpus, A. dupreei, Anopheles
neomaculipalpus, Astigmatophtalmus satanas y Chrysops tanyceras, entre otros. Contiene una extensa
bibliografía.
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 146.
Publicación No.: 044 A new genus near Canaceoides Cresson, three new species and notes on
their classification (Diptera: Canacidae) [Un nuevo género cercano a Canaceoides Cresson, tres
nuevas especies y notas sobre su clasificación (Diptera: Canacidae)] / Mathis, W.N.; Wirth, W.W.
(National Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Institution, Department of Entomology, P.O. Box
37012, CE 619, MRC 169, Washington, D.C. 20013, US <E-mail: mathis.wayne@nmnh.si.edu>). In:
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington (ISSN 0013-8797), v. 80, no. 4, p. 524-537.
1978.
A diagnosis is given of Paracanace, gen. nov. and a key is presented for the separation of the 7 known
spp., including 3 new spp. which are described and illustrated: P. hoguei, a new species from Cocos
Island, Costa Rica [and type-species of the genus]; P. lebam, a new species from Jamaica and P. aicen,
a new species from Dominica. A cladogram is diagrammed for the genus and gives apotypic character
states for the phylogeny of the species of Paracanace and of its sister-group, Canaceoides Cresson.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7381. Museo de Insectos (UCR).
Publicación No.: 045 The millipeds of Central America [Los milpiés de Centroamérica] /
Chamberlin, R.V. (Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, MA 02138, US). In:
Proceedings of the United States National Museum (ISSN 0096-3801), v. 60, no. 8, p. 1-75. 1921.
This paper, like its predecessor on the centipeds of the same region, is primarily a report upon the
material of the group existing in the collections of the United States National Museum, collections which
have been enriched especially by the contributions of Drs. O.F. Cook and W.M. Mann. The collection of
the Museum of Comparative Zoology has also been reviewed. In addition to the forms studied in these
collections, it has been the intention to include all other species thus far described from Panama, Costa
Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, Belize, and Guatemala.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7397. Museo de Insectos (UCR).
Publicación No.: 046 A review of the genus Roederioides Coquillet with the description of a
new species (Diptera: Empididae) [Revisión del género Roederioides Coquillet con la descripción de
una nueva especie (Diptera: Empididae)] / Wilder, D.D. (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, BBII, ARS,
USDA. c/o National Museum of Natural History, NHB-168, Washington, DC 20560, US). In: The PanPacific Entomologist (ISSN 0031-0603), v. 57, no. 3, p. 415-421. 1981.
Revisión taxonómica del género Roederioides que contiene 6 especies del Nuevo Mundo. Se describe a
R. wigginsi de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, y se agrega una clave para las especies del género.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7384. Museo de Insectos (UCR).
Publicación No.: 047 Cerambycidae of Cocos Island [Cerambycidae de la Isla del Coco] / Linsley,
E.G.; Chemsak, J.A. (University of California at Berkeley. Essig Museum of Entomology, Wellman Hall,
Berkeley, CA 94720, US <E-mail: jachensak@aol.com>). In: Proceedings of the California Academy of
Sciences (ISSN 0068-547X), v. 33, no. 9, p. 237-248. 1966.
Taxonomía y discusión acerca de la distribución de 8 especies encontradas en esta isla. Parandra glabra,
Taeniotes hayi, Adetus nesiotes n. sp., Acanthoderes sp., A. circumflexus, A. cocoensis, n. sp.,
Anisopodus longipes y Urgleptes kuscheli, n. sp.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7457. Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 537.
Publicación No.: 048 Records of Cerambycidae from Cocos Island (Coleoptera) [Registros de
Cerambycidae de la Isla del Coco (Coleoptera)] / Chemsak, J.A.; Linsley, E.G. (University of California at
Berkeley. Essig Museum of Entomology, Wellman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, US <E-mail:
jachensak@aol.com>). In: The Pan-Pacific Entomologist (ISSN 0031-0603), v. 56, no. 4, p. 310. 1980.
Nota corta con el informe de la presencia en la Isla del Coco de las siguientes especies de coleópteros
cerambícidos: Parandra glabra, Taeniotes hayi, Acanthoderes circumflexus, A. cocoensis y Anisopodus
longipes.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7458. Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 524.
Publicación No.: 049 Three new leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) from Cocos Island
[Tres nuevas cigarritas (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) de la Isla del Coco] / Cwikla, P.S.; Freytag, P.H.
(University of Kentucky. Department of Entomology, Lexington, KY 40546, US). In: Proceedings of the
Entomological Society of Washington (ISSN 0013-8797), v. 84, no. 3, p. 632-635. 1982.
Two new species, Scaphytopius (Cloanthanus) biflavus and Chlorotettix canolaterus, belonging to the
subfamily Deltocephalinae, and one new species, Idona murrayae, belonging to the subfamily
Typhlocybinae, are described. All are from Cocos Island, Costa Rica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8146. Museo de Insectos (UCR).
115
Publicación No.: 050 A new species of Ozophora from Cocos Island (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)
[Una nueva especie de Ozophora de la Isla del Coco (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)] / Slater, J.A. (University of
Connecticut. Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 373 Bassettes BRG Rd, Mansfield Center,
Storrs, CT 06250, US <E-mail: lyfslat@downcity.net>). In: Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society
(ISSN 0022-8567), v. 54, no. 1, p. 22-26. 1981.
Ozophora cocosensis sp. nov. is described. Ozophora spp. tend to be active fliers, frequently attracted to
lights in tropical and temperate areas. The genus contains at present 34 spp. but this is only a fragment
of the extensive Neotropical fauna. Many species of Ozophora representing several distinct groups occur
in the West Indies. Data on mainland species are still too incomplete to definitively establish the sister
species of O. cocosensis, but it is almost certainly a member of the O. pallescens complex. The nominal
species of the latter complex is from Central America and the group includes several undescribed species
from South America, the Bahamas and the Greater and Lesser Antilles.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8874.
Publicación No.: 051 A revision of Spathiphyllum (Araceae) [Revisión de Spathiphyllum (Araceae)]
/ Bunting, G.S. (Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63116, US). In: Memoirs of the
New York Botanical Garden (ISSN 0077-8931), v. 10, no. 3, p. 1-53. 1960.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 052 A review of the genus Cancellus (Crustacea: Diogenidae) with the
description of a new species from the Caribbean sea [Revisión del género Cancellus (Crustacea:
Diogenidae) con la descripción de una nueva especie del mar Caribe] / Mayo, B.S. (University of Miami.
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL 33149, US). In: Smithsonian
Contributions to Zoology (ISSN 0081-0282), no. 150, p. 1-63. 1973.
Taxonomía y distribución de los crustáceos del género Cancellus; incluye a C. tanneri de la Isla del Coco,
Costa Rica, colectado durante la expedición del buque Albatross 3368 el 28 de febrero de 1891.
Localización: Biblioteca Carlos Monge A.: 590.82 S664s.
Publicación No.: 053 The fungi of Cocos Island, Costa Rica. I [Los hongos de la Isla del Coco,
Costa Rica. I] / Gómez-Pignataro, L.D. (Academia Nacional de Ciencias y Organización para Estudios
Tropicales, Apdo. 676-2050, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR <E-mail: ldgomez@hortus.ots.ac.cr>). In:
Brenesia (ISSN 0304-3711), no. 21, p. 355-364. 1983.
Eighty-five species of fungi (Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes) are onnumerated for Cocos Island
National Park, Pacific coast of Costa Rica. It is hypothesized that the list includes about fifty percent of
the mycoffora to be expected in that territory. So far, the fungal flora is representative of the tropical
rainforest, anectotrophic vegetation. Similar associations are found in Manuel Antonio near Quepos and
in Suretka, Lower Talamanca, in Costa Rica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: B. NBINA-1217.
Publicación No.: 054 Birds from Cocos and Malpelo Islands, with notes on petrels obtained at
sea [Aves de las Islas del Coco y Malpelo, con observaciones sobre los petreles obtenidos en el mar] /
Townsend, C.H. (National Museum of Natural History. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, NHB-163,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, US). In: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology (ISSN 0027-4100), v. 27, no. 3, p. 121-126. 1895.
Describe a las especies nuevas de aves marinas Cocornis agassizi y Nesotriccus ridgwayi.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 055 The crane flies (Diptera: Tipulidae) of Cocos Island, Costa Rica with
descriptions of four new species [Los tipúlidos (Diptera: Tipulidae) de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica
con descripciones de cuatro especies nuevas] / Byers, G.W. (The University of Kansas. Department of
Entomology, Lawrence, KS 66045, US). In: Contributions in Science (Los Angeles) (ISSN 0459-8113),
no. 335, p. 1-8. 1981.
Species (11) of Tipulidae, all in subfamily Limoniinae, are recorded from Cocos Island, Costa Rica. Four
new species, Limonia (Rhipidia) hoguei, L. (Caenoglochina) paniculata, Helius brunneus and Orimarga
(Diotrepha) flavescens are described and illustrated. The ecology and zoogeography of the tipulid fauna
of Cocos Island are briefly considered. [Also discussed are Gonomyia puer Alexander, G. pleuralis
(Williston), L. domestica (Osten Sacken), L. cocoensis Alexander, L. wigginsis Alexander and L. lycaon
Alexander and Limonia sp.].
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 354. Museo de Insectos (UCR).
Publicación No.: 056 Landschnecken von der Cocos-Insel [Moluscos terrestres de la Isla del Coco]
/ von Martens, E. In: Sitzungs-Bericht der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, Sitzung
vom 15 November, 1898, p. 156-160. 1898.
Moluscos recogidos por el señor don Henri Pittier en Junio de 1896: Conulus sp., Tornellina pittieri,
Opeas junceum y Succinea globispira.
Localización: Biblioteca de Malacología (INBio): 816.
Publicación No.: 057 Myriapodes recueillis a l'Isla de Cocos par M. le Professeur P. Biolley
[Miriápodos recolectados en la Isla del Coco por el señor Profesor P. Biolley] / Brolemann, H.W. In:
Annales de la Societé Entomologique de France (ISSN 0037-9271), v. 72, p. 128-143. 1903.
116
El autor escribe: "Par son envoi du 19 fébrier 1902 M. le Professeur Biolley de l'Instituto FísicoGeográfico de Costa Rica, nous mettait en possession d'une petite collection de Myriapodes recueillis par
lus a l'Isla de Cocos, au cours d'une expédition dirigée par le Directerur de l'Instituto Físico-Geográfico,
M. le Prof. H. Pittier. Cette expédition se prolongea du 11 au 16 janvier 1902. C'est. C'est donc entre ces
deus dates que se place la capture de tous les échantillos analysés ci-aprés." Estudia estas especies:
Otocryptops melanostomus, Newportia rogersi, Otostigmus scabricauda, Rhinocricus biolley,
Epinannolene pittieri, Orthomorpha coarctata y Leptodesmus folium. Una lámina y muchas grabados
ilustran el texto.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 058 Arachnids from Cocos Island [Arácnidos de la Isla del Coco] / Banks, N. In:
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington (ISSN 0013-8797), v. 7, no. 1, pp. not
indicated. 1905.
Estas son las especies estudiadas: Gasteracantha hexacantha, G. biolleyi, Leucauge argyra, L.
nigriventris, Theridium, Cnetus, Lycosa, Pellobunus, P. insularis y Cynorta insularis.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 059 Undescribed plants from Guatemala and other Central American
Republics. XXXIX [Plantas no descritas de Guatemala y otras Repúblicas centroamericanas. XXXIX] /
Donnell-Smith, J. In: Botanical Gazette (ISSN 0006-8071), v. 61, no. 5, p. 373-387. 1916.
Descripción de numerosas especies nuevas de plantas de Costa Rica y su Isla del Coco y en menor grado
de México, Guatemala, El Salvador, Colombia, Venezuela y Ecuador.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-381.
Publicación No.: 060 An annotated list of the birds of Costa Rica, including Cocos Island [Lista
anotada de las aves de Costa Rica, incluyendo la Isla del Coco] / Carriker, M.A., Jr. In: Annals of the
Carnegie Museum of Natural History (ISSN 0097-4463), v. 6, no. 4, p. 314-915. 1910.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9501. Biblioteca Carlos Monge A: 589.297.286 C316a. Biblioteca
Museo Nacional: QL687.CR C3an. Biblioteca del BIODOC: 6041.
Publicación No.: 061 The relationships of certain myrmecophilous melatomes [Las relaciones de
ciertas melastomatáceas mirmecófilas] / Gleason, H.A. In: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club (ISSN
0040-9618), v. 58, no. 2, p. 73-85. 1931.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-582.
Publicación No.: 062 Behavioral feeding specialization in Pinaroloxias inornata, the (Darwins's
Finch) of Cocos Island, Costa Rica [Especialización en el comportamiento alimentario en Pinaroloxias
inornata, (pinzón de Darwin de la Isla del Coco), Costa Rica] / Werner, T.K.; Sherry, T.W. (University of
Massachusetts. Department of Zoology US). In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America (ISSN 0027-8424), v. 84, no. 15, p. 5506-5510. 1987.
As a population, Cocos Finches exhibit a broad range of feeding behaviors spanning those of several
families of birds on the mainland, while individuals feed as specialists year-round. Although this extreme
intraspecific variability occurs as predicted in a tropical oceanic island environment, these specializations
challenge contemporary ecological theory in that they are not attributable to individual differences in
age, sex, gross morphology, or opportunistic exploitation of patchy resources. Instead, they appear to
originate and be maintained behaviorally, possibly via observational learning. This phenomenon adds
another direction to the evolutionary radiation of the Darwin’s Finches and underscores the necessity for
detailed behavioral and ecological studies at the individual level for understanding animal feeding
systems and the causation of phenotypic variation.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-573.
Publicación No.: 063 Pteridophyta of the Galapagos and Cocos Islands [Pteridophyta de las islas
Galápagos y del Coco] / Svenson, H.K. In: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club (ISSN 0040-9618), v.
65, no. 5, p. 303-333. 1938.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-651.
Publicación No.: 064 Pterogramma cardisomi, sp. n. (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) from Cocos
Island, Costa Rica: description of adults and immatures [Pterogramma cardisomi, sp. n. (Diptera:
Sphaeroceridae) de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica: descripción de adultos e inmaduros] / Norrbom, A.L.;
Kim, K.C.; Fee, F.D. (ARS/USDA, Washington, DC 20560, US <E-mail: anorrbom@sel.barc.usda.gov>).
In: Brenesia (ISSN 0304-3711), no. 22, p. 285-291. 1984.
The egg, third-stage larva, and adults of Pterogramma cardisomi new species are described. This
sphaeroceridae is a commensal of the land crab Cardisoma crassum Smith from Cocos Island, Costa
Rica. The egg and larval descriptions are the first of immature stages of Pterogramma.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8419. Biblioteca Luis D. Tinoco: 570B.
Publicación No.: 065 Flora costaricensis. Family #15, Gramineae / Pohl, R.W. (Iowa State
University. Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Ames, IA 50011, US). In: Fieldiana. Botany
(ISSN 0015-0746), no. 4, 608 p. 1980.
117
For many years, the standard classification of the Gramineae used in works of American origin was that
of A. S. Hitchcock. This featured the use of two large subfamilies, the Festucoideae and Panicoideae, and
a rather limited number of inclusive tribes. Studies in morphology, anatomy, cytology, ecology, and
physiology indicate that this system did not make sufficient allowance for the wide and frequent
occurrence of convergent evolution in external. The system used for this work is based largely on the
one proposed for the American temperate zone elements of the family by G. L. Stebbins and Beecher
Crampton. I have modified this system in detail, but the general outline follows the work of the above
authors. While the system has much higher phylogenetic and predictive value than older arrangements,
it does not lend itself to use for routine identification. I have therefore constructed artificial keys to assist
in identification, and the arrangement in the text is strictly alphabetical. The following brief summary will
serve to indicate the principal characteristics of each of the six subfamilies recognized in this treatment
indicate the Costa Rican genera belonging to each one. Subfamily I. Bambusoideae. This subfamily
includes the bamboos and a number of herbaceous , mostly found in moist forests of the tropics, which
resemble bamboos in their leaf epidermal and cross-sectional anatomy, the number and nature of
lodicules, the number of stamens and stigmas. The bamboos are readily recognized by their woody
stems, and all of these grasses possess at least short pseudopetioles. The following genera occur in
Costa Rica: Woody bamboos: Arthrostylidium, Aulonemia, Bambusa, Chusquea, Elytrostachys,
Merostachys, Rhipidocladum, Swallenochloa. A number of other genera are cultivated, including species
of Phyllostachys, Yushania, and Bambusa. Herbaceous bamboos: Cryptochloa, Lithachne, 0lyra, Pariana,
Raddia, Pharas, Streptochaeta, Streptogyna. The treatment of the bamboos in this work is necessarily
tentative. Many of the species bloom only after long intervals of years, and some have never been
observed to bloom in our area. Much more field and herbarium work will have to be done before a
definitive treatment of the Central American bamboos can be produced. Subfamily II. Oryzoideae. This is
a relatively small subfamily, allied to the bambusoidsby anatomical characteristics and chromosome
numbers. Their spikelets have very reduced or vestigial glumes, usually appearing as a minute cupule at
the apex of the pedicel. There is only one fertile floret. All are plants of wet ground or water. The
following genera occur in Costa Rica: Leersia, Luziola, Oryza. Subfamily III. Pooideae (Festucoideae).
This is a large subfamily, containing many of the grasses of the temperate and cold regions of the world.
In Central America, relatively few of them occurand these mostly at high elevations. They are
characterized by rather simple leaf anatomy, reduced embryo structure, and the possession of large
chromosomes in multiples of seven. The following genera occur in Costa Rica, some of them as
introductions in upland pastures: Aciachne, Agropyron, Agrostis, Aira, Anthoxanthum, Avena, Briza,
Brachypodium, Bromus, Calamarostis, Cinna, Cynosurus, Dactylis, Deschampsia, Festuca, Glyceria,
HierochloÙ, Holcus, Lolium, Lorenzochloa, Nassella, Phalaris, Poa, Polypogon, Secale, Stipa, Triniochloa,
Trisetum, Vulpia. Subfamily IV. Arundinoideae: This subfamily contains numerous large, reedlike
grasses, often with plumelike, fuzzy panicles. Other genera included here are placed largely on
anatomical grounds. Costa Rican representatives are: Aristida, Arundo, Cortaderia, Danthonia,
Gynerium, Orthoclada, Phragmites, Zeugites. Subfamily V. Chloridoideae (Eragrostoideae): This is an
abundant subfamily of warm climates. They are fundamentally characterized by microscopic characters,
including the elaborately structured leaf cross-section, featuring a number of quasi-independent units,
the cells of each radiating around a single vascular bundle. In many, the lemmas have three strong
vascular bundles, in contrast to the five or more faint bundles in lemmas of most pooid grasses. The
following genera occur in Costa Rica, mostly at low or middle elevations: Aegopogon, Bouteloua, Chloris,
Cynodon, Dactyloctenium, Eleusine, Eragrostis, Gouinia, Gymnopogon, Jouvea, Leptochloa,
Muhlenbergia, Pentarraphis, Pereilema, Spartina, Sporolobus, Triplasis, Uniola, Zoysia. Subfamily VI.
Panicoideae: This is by far the largest subfamily of warm climate grasses, forming a significant portion of
the grass cover in tropical regions. Spikelets, with rare exceptions, are dorsally compressed, have a
single perfect flower, and disarticulate below the glumes. Genera occurring in Costa Fica are the
following: Acroceras, Andropogon, Anthephora, Arthraxon, Arundinella, Axonopus, Bothriochloa,
Brachiaria, Cenchrus, Chaetium, Coelorachis, Coix, Cymbopogon, Diectomis, Digitaria, Echinochloa,
Echinolaena, Eremochloa, Eriochloa, Eriochrysis, Euclasta, Hackelochloa, Homolepis, Hymenachne,
Hyparrhenia, Hypogynium, Ichnanthus, Imperata, Isachne, Ischaemum, Ixophorus, Lasiacis,
Leptocoryphium, Melinis, Mesosetum, Oplismenus, Panicum, Paratheria, Paspalidium, Paspalum,
Pennisetum, Polytrias, Pseudechinolaena, Rhynchelytrum, Rottboellia, Saccharum, Sacciolepis,
Schizachyrium, Setaria, Sorghastrum, Sorghum,Stenotaphrum, Thrasya, Trachypogon, Tripsacum,
Urochloa, Vetiveria, Zea.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: C9-84.
Publicación No.: 066 Plants of the Astor Expedition, 1930 (Galapagos and Cocos Islands)
[Plantas de la Expedición Astor, 1930 (Islas Galápagos y del Coco)] / Svenson, H.K. (Brooklyn Botanic
Garden, Brooklyn, N.Y., US). In: American Journal of Botany (ISSN 0002-9122), v. 22, no. 2, p. 208277. 1935.
1. This paper is a catalogue of plants, with the exception of the Pteridophyta, collected by the Astor
Expedition (1930) on the Galapagos Islands and Cocos Island. 2. A brief account of the vegetation on
the islands visited is included, together with a translation of Andersson's description of Charles and
Indefatigable Islands. The following new species or varieties are described from the Galapagos Islands:
Verbena townsendii, Elaterium carthagenense var. cordatum, Luffa astori, Clerodendron molle var.
glabrescens, Tribulus cistoides var. galapagensis, Croton scouleri var. castellanus. 3. Ruppia filifolia,
Lemna minima, Polygonum opelousanurw, Portulaca lutea, and Grabowskya boerhaaviaefolia are the
most interesting additions to the flora of the Galapagos Islands. Discaria pauciflora, Waltheria reticulata,
Maytenus obovata, Abutilon depauperatum, and Elateriun cordatum have been reduced to synonymy
under species of continental South America. 4. Rapid transitions from desert to deep forest occur on
118
some of the islands of the Galapagos group, with a correspondingly marked variation of species. 5. No
altitudinal variations in the flora were noticed on Cocos Island. Guzmania crateriflora of Costa Rica and
the endemic Epidendrum insulatum were the species of most interest.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-562.
Publicación No.: 067 The comparative morphology, phylogeny and evolution of the gastropod
family Littorinidae [Morfología comparada, filogenia y evolución de la familia de gastrópodos
Littorinidae] / Reid, D.G. (The British Museum of Natural History. Department of Zoology, Cromwell
Road, London, SW7 5BD, GB). In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B,
Biological Sciences (ISSN 0080-4622), v. 324, no. 1220, p. 1-110. 1989.
An account is given of the comparative morphology of the family Littorinidae, based on examination of
122 species, grouped into 32 subgenera. The shell, operculum and principal organ systems are
described, and their phylogenetic significance assessed. A total of 53 characters, coded as 131 character
states, were chosen for inclusion in a cladistic analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of the
subgenera. This was performed by the program PAUP, using the principle of maximum parsimony. The
outgroup for the analysis comprised representatives of the Pomatiasidae and Skeneopsidae. A
consensus, tree was obtained from cladograms with consistency indices of 0.408 (autapomorphies
excluded). The analysis supports the monophyly of the Littorinidae, and the family can be formally
defined by the two synapomorphies of a spiral pallial oviduct and an anterior bursa copulatrix. Three
principal clades are identified. and given subfamilial rank. The Lacuninae and Laevilitorininae show more
plesiomorphic character-states, are specialized for life in temperate and polar waters, and occupy the
low eulittoral zone and continental shelf. In contrast, the Littorininae occur mainly on tropical and
temperate shores, and their synapomorphies of pelagic egg capsules, complex penial glands,
paraspermatic nurse cells and' sculptured shells can be interpreted as adaptations for their typical
habitat in the high eulittoral zone and littoral fringe. The reconstruction of character states on the
cladogram provides hypotheses about the evolution of individual characters. Primitively, the male
reproductive tract appears to have been an entirely closed duct, opening at the penial tip. Progressive
opening of the anterior part of the tract occurred, and was correlated with the appearance of
paraspermatic nurse cells to prevent premature dispersal of euspermatozoa. The littorinid capsule gland,
responsible for the production of pelagic egg capsules, is believed to be a new structure, not homologous
with that of related families. In three cases there is evidence, from both parsimony and protoconch
morphology, of reversion from non-planktotrophic to planktotrophic development. The cladogram is used
as a basis for a new classification of the Littorinidae, in which three subfamiliesand 14 monophyletic
genera are recognized. This is summarized in an appendix, with 'diagnoses of supraspecific taxa,
including descriptions of one new subfamily and four new suhgencra, and a list of the 173 recognized
Recent species. The poor fossil record of the family is reviewed, and its biogeography discussed in the
light of the phylogenetic hypothesis. Of particular interest is the bipolar distribution of the marine
Lacuninae, the possible origin in Gondwanaland of the Indian freshwater genus Cremnoconchus, the
presence of several relict taxa of Littorininae in the tropical and temperate Atlantic and the probable
dispersal -of the genus Littorina from the Tethys Sea to the northwestern Pacific and thence to the
northern Atlantic in the late Pliocene. Some ecological implications of the phylogenetic hypothesis are
considered, with special reference to the diverse types of spawn and life-history strategies- The primitive
benthic gelatinous spawn can be viewed- as a phylogenetic constraint on the range of habitat and
latitudinal distribution of the Lacuninae and Laevilitorininae. The pelagic egg capsules of the Littorininae
may have been an important adaptation permitting their exploitation of the littoral fringe and tropical
regions, but preventing radiation into terrestrial and freshwater habitats. Non-planktotrophic, nonplanktonic development in benthic egg masses is found only at high latitudes, and has appeared
independently in Lacuninae, Laevilitorininae and Littorina. The only other non-planktotrophic littorinids
are two ovoviviparous tropical species of restricted distribution and probably recent origin.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-801.
Publicación No.: 068 A review of the lizards of Costa Rica [Revisión de las lagartijas de Costa Rica]
/ Taylor, E.H. (The University of Kansas. Department of Zoology, Lawrence, KS 66045, US). In: The
University of Kansas Science Bulletin (ISSN 0022-8850), v. 38, no. 1, p. 3-322. 1956.
The lacertilian fauna of Costa Rica is reviewed on the basis of collections made by the author on four
Costa Rican expeditions. The fauna is discussed and listed. The following forms are described as new:
Anolis humilis marsupialis, Anolis woodi attenuatus, Anolis biscutiger, Anolis aquaticus, Anolis achilles,
Ameiva festiva occidentalis, Leiolopisma cherriei lampropholis, Mabuya brachypodus. Altogether seventynine species and subspecies are treated. Each form is described and for the most part illustrated by
photographs.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 069 A review of the frogs and toads of Costa Rica [Revisión de las ranas y sapos
de Costa Rica] / Taylor, E.H. (The University of Kansas. Department of Zoology, Lawrence, KS 66045,
US). In: The University of Kansas Science Bulletin (ISSN 0022-8850), v. 35, no. 1, p. 577-941. 1952.
The present known salientian fauna of Costa Rica is reviewed and descriptions are given for the species
known to occur in the country. Illustrations of numerous species are given. The following new forms are
described: Hyla alvaradoi, Hyla rivularis, Hyla immensa, Hyla rufioculis, Hyla alleei, Hyla debilis, Hyla
wellmanorum, Hyla angustilineata, Hyla moraviaensis, Bufo holdridgei, Cochranella talamancae, Atelopus
senex, Atelopus varius loomisi, Atelopus varius ambulatorius, Microbatrachylus rearki, Microbatrachylus
costaricensis, Eleutherodactylus dubitus, Eleutherodactylus crassidigitus. Bufo gabbi, a new name, is
given for Bufo auritus Cope (nec. Bufo auritus Raddi ). In the genus Microbatrachylus are placed certain
119
forms (polyptychus, underwoodi,bransfordii, and stejnegerianus) heretofore regarded as belonging to
the genera Hylodes, Lithodytes or Eleutherodactylus.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 598.197286 T239h.
Publicación No.: 070 Costa Rica / Church, G.E. In: Geographical Journal (ISSN 0016-7398), v. 10,
no. 1, p. 56-84. 1897.
Along the northern border of this little Central American state runs the line of the projected Nicaragua
ship canal, and, almost within sight of its southern frontier, the Panama canal. The realization of the
former is adapted as a "plank" in the "platform" of both of the great political parties of the United States,
and it is not impossible that the Senate bill, now before Congress, may evolve another, looking to the
cutting of the canal for government account. This would bring the Clayton-Bulwer treaty again into
prominence; and it is perhaps largely due to this reason that the confirmation of the International
Arbitration Treaty between the United States and Great Britain hangs doubtfully in the balance, and may
not be approved until the canal question is decided. On the other hand, at least two thousand men are
quietly delving on the isthmus of Panama, trying to reach such a point with the works as will convince
the financial world, and perhaps the French government, of the absolute practicability of that canal
route. The company phase of each project gives signs of dying out, and, possibly, we may see the
French and United States governments enter the lists, with their millions and their energies, in the race
for the opening and control of a water avenue between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The country
which, on either side, is flanked by one of these projects promises to become a political factor of
moment. During a recent voyage to Costa Rica, I had facilities afforded to me to collect data of
geographical value, much of which will be found in the map accompanying this paper. Besides details
from many sources, including some from my personal observation, it contains the recent explorations of
Prof. Henry Pittier, and geographical facts from the railway surveys made by the -engineers of Mr. M.C.
Keith. The coast-lines have been laid down from Admiralty charts, but corrected in some cases. At best,
the map is but a rough approximation to accuracy. I know of no Spanish-American country, except
Ecuador, the mapping of which has been so rudely done; everything seems elusive -- even the
volcanoes waltz around, in despair of a permanent abode. With the exception of San Salvador, Costa
Rica is the smallest country of the New World. Its area cannot be accurately defined, owing to its
unsettled boundary with Colombia, but, exclusive of the part in dispute, is about 21,000 square miles.
The most northern paint of Costa Rica is in lat. 10° 12' N., and its most western, Cape Morro Hermoso,
is 83° 50' long. W. from Greenwich. No minister far foreign affairs of any Spanish-American republic is
happy unless his country has, at least, one undefined frontier Line. Until recently, Costa Rica had two,
one on the north, with Nicaragua, and one on the south, with Colombia. The former was settled by the
arbitration of the President of the United States, March 25, 1888. He determined that the Treaty of
Limits made in 1858 and ratified, but never traced, between the two countries was valid, article
secondof which runs as follows: "The dividing-line of the two republics, starting from the northern sea,
shall commence at the extremity of the Punta de Castilla, at the mouth of the San Juan river of
Nicaragua, and shall continue its course along the right margin of said river to a point 3 English miles
distant from the Castillo Viejo, measured, from the exterior fortifications of said castle, to the point
indicated. From there a curve will start, the Centre of which shall be said works, and shall preserve
adistance of 3 English miles from it throughout its development, terminating at a point which shall be 2
miles distant from the bank of the river, up stream from the castle. From there the line shall continue in
the direction of the river Sapoá, which empties into the lake of Nicaragua, following a course always 2
miles distant from the right margin of the San Juan river with its circumvolutions to its origin at the lake,
and of the right margin of the lake itself to the acid river Sapoá, where this lineparallel to said margins,
will terminate. From the point of intersection with the river Sapoá, which, from what has been said,
should be 2 miles distant from the lake, a right astronomical line shall be drawn to the central point of
the Bahía de Salinasin the southern sea, where the demarcation of the territory of the two republics shall
terminate. " A commission was named by the two republics to trace this boundary, and met at San Juan
del Norte in 1890 ; but it is claimed, in Costa Rica, that at every step, the Nicaragua commissioners
opposed vexatious obstacles, to the extent of making it impossible to carry out the terms of the treaty,
and finally the Costa Rica commissioners proceeded to trace the boundary-line alone. This opposition on
the part of Nicaragua probably arose, principally, from her unwillingness to abandon the hope of again
possessing herself of her ancient province of Guanacaste, now belonging to Costa. Rica, but which the
latter will certainly never peaceably abandon. The arbitrator (President Cleveland) also confirmed and
more clearly defined certain consultative rights accorded to Costa Rica by the treaty of 1858, in event of
Nicaragua desiring to grant any inter-oceanic canal concession. It would be difficult to define a
boundary-line with less mathematical precision. With reference to her southern boundary, Costa Rica has
been in dispute with Colombia since the independence of both states. The latter has never ceased to
claim jurisdiction over the entire Caribbean coast of the former, and even over that of Nicaragua as far
north as Cape Gracias a Dios; and numerous official recognitions of these claims, on the part of Great
Britain, during the Spanish domination, up to 1625, assisted in keeping them alive, even after Spainhad
abandoned her effort to retain control of her viceroyalty of Santa Fé de Bogotá. So late as 1886, I find
Colombia, in an arbitration convention signed with Costa Rica, claiming the Caribbean coast as far north
as Cape Gracias a Dios, but the Pacific Coast only as far west as the river Golfito, which empties into the
Golfo Dulce; while Costa Rica as stoutly held that her sovereignty on the Atlantic side extended southeast to the island of the Escudo de Veraguas, and, on the Pacific coast, to Punta Burica. That is to say,
she claimed her frontier to be that of the ancient Ducado de Veragua, which follows the course of the
Chiriquí Viejo to the crest of the Cordillera, and crosses it to the headwaters of the river Calobebora, and
thence down its course to the Escudo de Veragua. Spain, to the government of which the question was
once submitted to arbitration, failed to decide it within the period of time stipulated, and Colombia
120
retired from the arbitration. She subsequently pushed her occupation of the 'debatable ground northwest, to a line ascending the above river Golfito, thence following the hills of Las Cruces, between the
valleys of the Río Coto de Térraba and the Chiriquí Viejo, to finally gain the crest of the main Cordillera,
and descend its northern slope to the rivers Yorquín and Sixaola. Most of the district lying between this
line and that claimed by Costa Rica is, especially on the Pacific slope, as little known as it was in the
days of Columbus, and when I was in Costa Rica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-612.
Publicación No.: 071 Adaptation to a novel environment: food, foraging, and morphology of
the Cocos Island Flycatcher [Adaptación a un nuevo ambiente: alimento, forrajeo y morfología del
mosquerito de la Isla del Coco] / Sherry, T.W.; Buckley, P.A, (ed.).; Foster, M.S, (ed.).; Morton, E.S,
(ed.).; Ridgely, R.S, (ed.).; Buckley, F.G, (ed.). (Darmouth College. Department of Biological Sciences,
Hanover, NH 03755, US). In: Ornithological Monographs (ISSN 0078-6594), no. 36, p. 908-920. 1985.
Cocos Island, Costa Rica, is a small and lushly forested island in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean
between Costa Rica and the Galapagos Archipelago. During two expeditions there, I quantified the
stomach contents, available food (i.e., foliage-inhabiting arthropods sampled with sweep nets), foraging
behavior, and morphology of the endemic Cocos Island Flycatcher (Nesotriccus ridgwayi, Tyrannidae).
Nesotriccus individuals captured a diversity of arthropods in proportion to their availability (P 0.1), using
diverse foraging tactics. Stages of the birds' annual cycles differed during the two expeditions, but diet
and foraging behavior were remarkably consistent. Fulgoroid Homoptera dominated stomach contents
(43-64% of prey individuals), and probably explain why Nesotriccus foraged regularly with acrobatic
pursuits (11-12% of all feeding tactics) much like a mainland Homoptera specialist, Terenotriccus
erythrurus. Nesotriccus is morphologically and behaviorally distinct from its primarily frugivorous
mainland relatives, Phaeomyias and Capsiempis; its wings and tail are structurally convergent with those
of Terenotriccus, but its bill is comparatively longer and probably evolved for the capture of nonhomopteran insects. Nesotriccus is a food specialist or generalist depending on one's frame of
reference-available food, mainland insectivorous flycatchers, closest mainland relatives, or other resident
land birds on the island. The diet and adaptations of Nesotriccus, in combination with other evidence,
strongly support the hypothesis that insufficient abundance of many resource types precludes
persistence in Cocos Island forests by virtually all but the endemic land birds. High endemism of the
depauperate land bird fauna on the island appears to have resulted as much from this ecological
impoverishment as from a lack of potential immigrants.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9028. LS.
Publicación No.: 072 The taxonomy of Cyperus (Cyperaceae) in Costa Rica and Panama [La
taxonomía de Cyperus (Cyperaceae) en Costa Rica y Panamá] / Tucker, G.C. (Duke University.
Department of Botany, Durham, N.C. 27706, US). In: Systematic Botany Monographs (ISSN 07378211), v. 2, p. 1-85. 1983.
A taxonomic treatment of the 50 species of Cyperus occurring in Costa Rica and Panama is presented.
The treatment is based on herbarium study of some 4000 specimens from 27 herbaria. A new species is
described, C. amplus Tucker (subgenus Protocyperus) and a new name, C. dentoniae, is provided for the
species called C. asper by O'Neill. Descriptions of all the taxa are given, as well as discussions of
morphology and the taxonomy of the subgenera. A key to the species treated and distribution maps are
also provided. All numbered collections examined are listed in an index.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 584.84 T889t. LS.
Publicación No.: 073 Review of the genus Banasa Stål 1860 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) for
Mexico, Central America, and the Antilles [Review of the genus Banasa Stål 1860 (Hemiptera:
Pentatomidae) for Mexico, Central America, and the Antilles] / Thomas, D.B., Jr.; Yonke, T.R.
(USDA/ARS. Subtropical Agricultural Research Laboratory, 2301 S Int Blvd, Weslaco, TX 78596, US). In:
Annals of the Entomological Society of America (ISSN 0013-8746), v. 81, no. 1, p. 28-49. 1988.
The pentatomine genus Banasa is reviewed with diagnoses, illustrations, and a key for the identification
of 34 species occurring in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Antilles. Information on
distribution and host plants is also included. Sixteen new species are described: mexicana, tepica,
pasekae, azteca, and totonaca from Mexico; sleeperi from Guatemala; santarosana from Costa Rica;
nesiota from Cocos Island; lacertosa, dolabrata, excavata, pygmaea, parapasekae, and cuspidata from
Panama;arawaka from Jamaica; and dominica from the island of Dominica. Banasa rufifrons Sailer is
placed in synonymy with B. salvini Distant, and B. bidens Van Duzee is placed in synonymy with B. irata
(F.).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8865.
Publicación No.: 074 A new Tortyra from Cocos Island, Costa Rica (Lepidoptera: Choreutidae)
[Una nueva Tortyra (Lepidoptera: Choreutidae) de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] / Heppner, J.B. (National
Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Institution, Department of Entomology, Washington, D.C.
20560, US). In: Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera (ISSN 0022-4324), v. 19, no. 4, p. 196-198.
1981.
The new species Tortyra hoguella is described here to further document the unique fauna of Cocos
Island, off the western coast of Costa Rica. Unlike most of the oceanic islands near the west coast of
Central America and northern South America, Cocos Island has a wet tropical forest. The new Tortyra is
almost certainly an endemic of the island and is here named in honor of Dr. C. L. Hogue of the Los
Angeles County Museum of Natural History, who collected the type series.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8938.
121
Publicación No.: 075 Sail away to Cocos Island [Navega hacia la Isla del Coco] / Heyman, H. In:
Animal Kingdom: The Zoological Society Magazine (ISSN 0003-3537), v. 89, no. 1, p. 39-43. 1986.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 076 Additions to the insular land-shell faunas of the Pacific coast, especially
of the Galapagos and Cocos Island [Adición a las faunas insulares de caracoles terrestres de la costa
Pacífica, especialmente de las Islas Galápagos y del Coco] / Dall, W.H. In: Proceedings of the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ISSN 0097-3157), v. 51, p. 88-106. 1900.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca de Malacología (INBio): 380.
Publicación No.: 077 Ecological and evolutionary inferences from morphology, foraging
behavior, and diet of sympatric insectivorus neotropical flycatchers (Tyrannidae) [Inferencias
ecológicas y evolutivas a partir de la morfología, comportamiento de forrajeo y de la dieta de
mosqueritos neotropicales (Tyrannidae) insectívoros simpátricos] / Sherry, T.W. (University of California.
Biology Department, Los Angeles, CA 90024, US). Los Angeles, CA: University of California, 1982. 290 p.
Dissertation, Ph.D., University of California at Los Angeles (USA).
This dissertation examines interrelationships among morphology, foraging behavior, and diet in a
tropical bird community; assesses factors which shape these parameters; and tests the validity of
representing dietary similarity with morphological and/or behavioral similarity. Analyses were based on
19 flycatchers (Tyrannidae) observed in the humid Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica, and on the Cocos
Island Flycatcher. Chapter 1 examines morphological and behavioral characters, a their
interrelationships based on factor analysis. Flycatchers that hawk flying prey were characterized by long
attack distances and inter-attack-intervals, large body mass, and high-aspect-ratio wings. Flycatchers
that pursue prey acrobatically attack frequently; and ha large wings and tails, and long rictal bristles.
Several behavioralmorphological trends were observed among species which snatch non-flying prey.
Four "guilds" were recognized, and knowledge of flight aerodynamics helps interpret between- and
within-guild trends involving morphology, behavior, and diet. The nature and extent of "adaptation" of
morphological characters in these birds is discussed. Chapter 2 develops the aerodynamics basis for
many morphological characters in Todirostrum and Myiornis (Tyrannidae). I hypothesize that the
"surprise-attack syndrome"--especially small body mass, and small wings and tails--serves to increase
flight acceleration so as to capture wary and agile prey. The striking convergence involving morphology,
behavior, and diets of Todus (Todidae) supports this interpretation of the syndrome. Chapter 3 compares
and contrasts 16 sympatric flycatcher species dietarily. Dietary differences between and within species
suggest these birds respond to diverse characteristics of their prey, including anti-predator behavior,
spatial distribution, local abundance, predictability, and conspicuousness. Several of these tropical
insectivores had extremely specialized and/or homogeneous diets. Migratory species had more
heterogeneous diets than residents. The causes of dietary differences, and implications of diets for
community structure are discussed. Chapter 4 shows that species-relationships (euclidian distances),
when calculated from morphological, behavioral, and dietary data, are substantially non-congruent.
Some causes and consequences of these non-congruences are discussed. Such non-congruences do not
encourage the use of morphological and/or behavioral data to represent ecological (dietary) similarity in
these tropical flycatchers.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 078 Einige Schnecken der Cocos-Insel [Algunos caracoles de la Isla del Coco] /
von Martens, E. In: Sitzungs-Bericht der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, Sitzung vom
18 März, 1902, p. 59-62. 1902.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca de Malacología (INBio): 815.
Publicación No.: 079 Mollusques de l'Isla del Coco [Moluscos de la Isla del Coco] / Biolley, P. San
José: Tipografía Nacional, 1907. 30 p.
San José, 30 de octubre de 1906. Señor MINISTRO DE FOMENTO. S. D.: Tengo el honor de enviar a V.
un laborioso estudio sobre los moluscos de la Isla del Coco, hecho por el Profesor don Pablo Biolley, con
el objeto de que se publique en edición de 700 ejemplares, como se ha practicado otras veces con
trabajos semejantes. El estudio del Profesor Biolley es lo más completo que se ha escrito sobre la Isla
del Coco: aparte de la clasificación sistemática de los moluscos, tiene multitud de citas, referencias y
consideraciones generales sobre aquella apartada región de Costa Rica, que le dan un interés inmenso
no sólo para nosotros, sino también para las instituciones científicas extranjeras que recibirán este
estudio en canje a las muchas publicaciones que nos envían para el Museo Nacional. El Profesor Biolley a
más de obsequiar su estudio a nuestro Museo Nacional, se ha ofrecido a cuidar de que esta edición
francesa resulte lo más correcta posible, doble motivo para agradecerle este importante servicio.
Sírvase, señor Ministro, si lo tiene a bien, ordenar que se publique este valioso estudio en la Tipografía
Nacional. Soy de V. atento y fiel servidor, Anastasio Alfaro [Director del Museo Nacional de Costa Rica].
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9121. Biblioteca de Malacología (INBio): 92.
Publicación No.: 080 The Blattidae of Panama [Las Blattidae de Panamá] / Hebard, M. In: Memoirs
of the American Entomological Society (ISSN 0065-8170), v. 4, p. 1-150. 1920.
122
Taxonomía de numerosas especies de cucarachas recolectadas en ese país y su distribución en el Nuevo
Mundo. Incluye especies de Costa Rica pertenecientes a los géneros Neoblattella, Paratropes,
Hyporhicnoda; Ischnoptera, Eurycotis, Archimandrita y Blaberus.
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 202.
Publicación No.: 081 Studies in American Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) VI. A synopsis of the
species of the genus Conocephalus found in America south of the southern border of the
United States [Estudios en los Tettigoniidae americanos (Orthoptera) VI. Una sinopsis de las especies
del género Conocephalus hallados en América al sur de la frontera meridional de los Estados Unidos de
América] / Rehn, J.A.G.; Hebard, M. In: Transactions of the American Entomological Society (ISSN
0002-8320), v. 41, p. 225-290. 1915.
Taxonomía y distribución de las especies neotropicales conocidas hasta ese momento pertenecientes al
género Conocephalus. Incluye a Costa Rica en el ámbito de distribución de C. saltator y de C.
angustifrons. Contiene clave.
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 249.
Publicación No.: 082 Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Galapagos
Islands, 1905-1906. The bees and aculeate wasps of the Galapagos Islands [Expedición de la
Academia de Ciencias de California a las Islas Galápagos, 1905-1906. Las abejas y avispas aculeata del
las Islas Galápagos] / Williams, F.X. In: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (ISSN 0068547X), Fourth Series, v. 2, no. 18, p. 347-357. 1926.
Taxonomía de numerosos ejemplares recolectados en las islas Galápagos. Ordenado por islas y familias,
incluyendo descripciones específicas. Incluye a Odynerus (Pachodynerus) nasidens (Fam. Vespidae) de
la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica.
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 1550.
Publicación No.: 083 Chilopoda and Diplopoda [Chilopoda y Diplopoda] / Pocock, R.I. In:
Biologia Centrali Americana, or contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and
Central America [Biología Centroamericana, o contribuciones al conocimiento de la fauna y flora de
México y Centroamérica]. Salvin, O.; Godman, D.F.; Porter, R.H, (eds.) London: Dulau & Co, 1910. 217
p.
Estudio monográfico sobre las especies de cien y milpiés de la región mesoamericana. Incluye las
siguientes especies encontradas en Costa Rica: Rhinocricus rogersi, R. aposematus, R. tristani, R.
costaricensis, R. nodosicollis, R. biolleyi, Orthophorus typotopyge, O. palmensis, O. confragosus, O.
omalopyge, Epinannolene pittieri (Isla del Coco), Sphaeriodesmus stiliter, Platyrachus tristani, P.
limanensis, P. fraternus, P. bivirgatus, P. riparius, P. montivagus, P. stenopterus, P. propinguus,
Tirodesmus biolleyi, Amplinus convexus, Orthomorpha gracilis, Dirhabdophallus hoffmanni,
Phylactophallus stenomerus, Aceratophallus unicolor y A. lamellifer. Contiene claves.
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 495.
Publicación No.: 084 Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Galapagos
Islands, 1905-1906. XV. The ants of Cocos Island [Expedición de la Academia de Ciencias de
California a las Islas Galápagos, 1905-1906. XV. Las hormigas de la Isla del Coco] / Wheeler, W.M. In:
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (ISSN 0068-547X), v. Ser. 4, v. 2, no. 15, p. 299308. 1919.
Taxonomía y algunas observaciones ecológicas acerca de hormigas de la Isla del Coco, Euponera stigma,
Odontomachus, Wasmannia auropunctata, Prenolepis vividula, Camponotus biolleyi y C. cocoensis, n. sp.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9318. Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 1480.
Publicación No.: 085 Zonitid snails from Pacific Islands. 3. Genera other than Microcystinae. 4.
Distribution and indexes [Caracoles zonítidos de las Islas del Pacífico. 3. Otros géneros que no
pertenecen a Microcystinae. 4. Distribución e índices] / Baker, H.B. Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop
Museum, 1941. p. 205-370. (Bulletin no. 166).
Introduction: Parts 1 and 2 of these studies discuss the Microcystinae. The general introductory notes to
part 1 also apply in main to the present part, which includes the other subfamilies of the Helicarionidae
and all the Zonitidae in the area surveyed and concludes the taxonomic discussion. As in the previous
parts, under each species, the citation of localities from which material has been studied is arranged as
follows 1. Type island group (subdivisions of Fiji in parentheses; also synonyms, (indicated by =) : type
island (natural divisions, islets, and districts of Hawaiian islands in parentheses; also synonyms as
indicated) : museum number of type specimen or lot when examined by nee (followed in parentheses by
number of type lot if type specimen has been segregated, or of other type lots if one contains the type),
type habitat and locality (followed in parentheses by collector! and date), [localities not given by original
author included in brackets] ; after semicolon, other type or authentic material studied. 2. After first
period, without repetition of island group or island, additional material from type island or district. 3.
After successive periods, material studied from other island groups (in separate paragraphs), islands, or
recognized subdivisions, arranged as in 1. Abbreviations used in the references to literature and in the
citations of museum lots of specimens collected are listed in Part 1 (pp. 4-5).
Localización: Biblioteca de Malacología (INBio): 559.
Publicación No.: 086 Three new stomatopod crustaceans of the family Lysiosquillidae from the
eastern Pacific region [Tres nuevos crustáceos estomatópodos de la familia Lysiosquillidae de la
región del Pacífico oriental] / Manning, R.B. (National Museum of Natural History / Smithsonian
123
Institution. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Washington, D.C. 20560, US). In: Proceedings of the
Biological Society of Washington (ISSN 0006-324X), v. 85, no. 21, p. 271-278. 1972.
The three new species described in this paper include a new Coronida from Cocos Island, Costa Rica, and
two new species of Nannosquilla; a key to the Eastern Pacific species of Nannosquilla is presented. The
Coronida is of particular interest in that it represents an Indo-West Pacific element in the Eastern Pacific
stomatopod fauna.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9782.
Publicación No.: 087 Notes on the flora of Costa Rica, 4: New species in the Urticaceae
[Apuntes sobre la flora de Costa Rica, 4: Nuevas especies en las Urticaceae] / Burger, W.C. (Field
Museum of Natural History, Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, US). In:
Phytologia (ISSN 0031-9430), v. 31, no. 3, p. 267-272. 1975.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: QK175 P5.
Publicación No.: 088 Tropical american plants, XIV [Plantas del trópico americano, XIV] / Williams,
L.O. (The Field Museum of Natural History. Department of Botany, Roosevelt Rd. & Lake Shore Dr.,
Chicago, IL 60605-2496 US). In: Phytologia (ISSN 0031-9430), v. 26, no. 6, p. 487-493. 1973.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: QK175 P5.
Publicación No.: 089 Key and commentary on the species of Spathiphyllum (Araceae) in Costa
Rica, including Spathiphyllum silvicola n.sp [Clave y comentario sobre las especies de
Spathiphyllum (Araceae) en Costa Rica, incluyendo Spathiphyllum silvicola n.sp] / Baker, R.A.; Burger,
W.C. (Field Museum of Natural History. Department of Botany, Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive,
Chicago, IL 60605-2496, US). In: Phytologia (ISSN 0031-9430), v. 33, no. 7, p. 447-454. 1976.
Spathiphyllum atrovirens Schott, S. friedrichsthalii Schott, S. laeve Engler, S. phryniifolium Schott, S.
wendlandii and S. wendlandii ssp. wendlandii were briefly discussed with the citation of 45 collections.
Described as new were S. silvicola and S. wendlandii ssp. montanum. Characters of sections Massowia,
Spathiphyllum and Amomophyllum were illustrated.
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: QK175 P5.
Publicación No.: 090 Studies on Eastern Pacific sand stargazers (Pisces: Dactyloscopidae).
Part 4: Gillellus sindoscopus, new genus and Heteristius, with description of new species /
Dawson, C.E. In: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (ISSN 0068-547X), v. 41, no. 2, p.
125-160. 1977.
The dactyloscopid genera Gillellus and Heteristius are diagnosed and described and a new genus,
Sindoscopus, is proposed for the Chilean endemic, G. australis Fowler and Bean. A key is provided for all
Pacific genera and the 7 spp. treated here. Gillellus includes 1 sp., G. searcheri sp. nov. (Islas Tres
Marías and Nayarit, Mexico and Costa Rica to Panama), with some paired infraorbital pores. There are 4
more closely related species without paired pores. The latter group includes the generic type, G.
semicinctus Gilbert (Isla Guadalupe, Baja California peninsula and western Gulf of California, mainland
shores from Nayarit, Mexico to Colombia, and the Revillagigedos and Galapagos Islands). G. arenicola
Gilbert occurs in the vicinity of Cape San Lucas, fails to enter the Gulf of California, and has been
collected off mainland coasts of Colima and Oaxaca, Mexico. G. ornatus Gilbert is apparently restricted to
the Gulf of California where all but 1 specimen has been taken along its western shores. G.chathamensis
sp. nov. is an insular endemic known only from Cocos Island, Costa Rica. The monotypic Heteristius
occurs along the southern portion of Baja California. It is not recorded from the Gulf of California. This
species also appears off Mexican mainland shores (Isla Tres Marias, Nayarit to Oaxaca) and is found off
Costa Rica, Panama and Ecuador (to apprx. 0° 27'N). H. jalisconis Myers and Wade, type species of
Heteristius, is considered a junior synonym of Dactyloscopus cinctus Osburn and Nichols. Sindoscopus,
also monotypic, is known only from the Chilean coast (.apprx. 23° S-33° S). All treated species are
illustrated and distribution maps are provided for species of Gillellus and Heteristius. This represents the
final part of a review of Pacific dactyloscopids wherein a total of 7 genera and 29 spp. or subspecies are
recognized.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 091 New or little known neotropical Tipulidae (Diptera). Part 1 [Nuevos o poco
conocidos Tipulidae (Diptera) neotropicales. Parte 1] / Alexander, C.P. (University of Massachusetts.
Department of Entomology, Amherst, MA 01003, US). In: Transactions of the American Entomological
Society (ISSN 0002-8320), v. 104, no. 1, p. 1-36. 1978.
Description, illustrations, diagnoses and typology are given for a new species Leptotarsus subapterus sp.
nov., including 3 spp. in 2 genera of Tipulinae and 23 spp. in 6 genera of Limoniinae, representing
primarily Ecuador, Chile and Bolivia, as well as Panama, Guatemala and Costa Rica. Also figured is the
male hypopygium of Tipula latifolia.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 092 A new species of pseudophylline katydid Parascopioricus binoditergus
n.sp. from Cocos Island, Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) [Una nueva especie de chapulín
Pseudophyllinae Parascopioricus binoditergus n.sp. de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica (Orthoptera:
Tettigoniidae)] / Nickle, D.A.
(U.S. Department of Agriculture / Agriculture Research Service.
Systematic Entomology Laboratory Research, Information & Service, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, BARC-
124
West, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, US <E-mail: dnickle@sel.barc.usda.gov>). In: Entomological News
(ISSN 0013-872X), v. 94, no. 1, p. 1-6. 1983.
A pseudophylline katydid, P. binoditergus sp. nov., is described and figured for the first time. It occurs
only on Cocos Island, off the coast of Costa Rica, and displays characters that are intermediate between
species of Parascopioricus and Scopioricus.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S10008.
Publicación No.: 093 A new subspecies of Chrysoperla externa from Cocos Island, Costa Rica
(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) [Una nueva subespecie de Chrysoperla externa de la Isla del Coco, Costa
Rica (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)] / Adams, P.A. (California State University. Department of Biological
Sciences, Fullerton, CA 92634, US). In: Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences (ISSN
0038-3872), v. 82, no. 1, p. 42-45. 1983.
The entomofauna of Cocos Island, an isolated oceanic island 500 kilometers west of Costa Rica, is at
present under investigation in an effort coordinated by Charles L. Hogue, of the Natural History Museum
of Los Angeles County, and Scott E. Miller, of the Santa Barbara Natural History Museum (Hogue and
Miller 1981). The subspecies described in these paper is of interest as it represents a morphologically
differentiated population of a widespread and abundant mainland species.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9959.
Publicación No.: 094 The Chiton fauna of Cocos Island, Costa Rica (Mollusca: Polyplacophora)
with the description of two new species [La fauna de chitones de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica
(Mollusca: Polyplacophora) con la descripción de dos nuevas especies] / Ferreira, A.J. (California
Academy of Sciences. Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, San Francisco, CA 94118, US).
In: Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences (ISSN 0038-3872), v. 86, no. 1, p. 41-53.
1987.
Six species [Chiton stokesii, Placiphorella blainvillii, Stenoplax boogii, Lepidozona rothi, Ischnochiton
victoria, sp. nov., and Acanthochitona shaskyi, sp. nov.] of chitons are here recognized at Cocos Island,
Costa Rica, including two new species, an Ischnochiton and an Acanthochitona. The reported presence
on the island of Chiton goodalli and Acanthochitona hirudiniformis has not been corroborated.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9958.
Publicación No.: 095 [Two new Opisthacanthus species for the neotropical region:
Opisthacanthus valerioi, n.sp. of the Island of Coco, Costa Rica and Opisthacanthus
heurtaultae, n.sp. of French Guiana (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae)] / Lourenço, W.R. (Muséum
National d'Histoire Naturelle. Laboratoire de Zoologie (Arthropodes), 61 rue de Buffon 75005, Paris, FR
<E-mail: arachne@mnhn.fr>). In: Revista Nordestina de Biologia (ISSN 0100-7653), v. 3, no. 2, p. 179194. 1980.
Opisthacanthus is the only genus of Scorpionidae represented in the neotropical region and 3 spp. were
known: O. lepturus (Palisot de Beauvois), 1805 from Venezuela, Colombia, Panama and Haiti, O.
cayaporum Vellard, 1932 from Brazil and O. weyrauchi Mello-Leitao and Araujo-Feio, 1948 from Peru.
Two new species are described: O. valerioi from Cocos Island, Costa Rica and O. heurtaultae from
Kourou in French Guyana.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 096 New records of Indo-Pacific Mollusca from Cocos Island, Costa Rica
[Nuevos registros de moluscos indopacíficos de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] / Shasky, D.R. (834
Highland Ave, Redlands, CA 92373, US). In: The Nautilus (ISSN 0028-1344), v. 97, no. 4, p. 144-145.
1983.
In April of this year, Captain Richard Callaway, of Balboa, Panama, and I spent 6½ days SCUBA diving
for mollusks at Cocos Island, approximately 300 miles south by southwest of Puntarenas, Costa Rica.
Dives were made from the Victoria, an 82 foot motor-schooner based at Puntarenas, Costa Rica. On my
return to the Costa Rican mainland, I met Dr. Michel Montoya, who has a paper in press titled: "Los
moluscos marinos de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. I. Lista anotada de especies, Brenesia 21:325-353.
1983." His paper is a complete literature review listing 16 species of bivalves, 89 gastropods. 4 chitons,
and 9 cephalopods. No scaphopods or nudibranchs have been reported from the island. This is a total of
only 118 species. Dr. Montoya, who also spent 6½ days diving at Cocos Island, in June, and I, are now
preparing our own check-list which will add approximately 100 additional molluscan species to the
known Cocos Island marine fauna. The new Indo-Pacific records that we found at Cocos Island are:
Viriola abbotti (Baker and Spicer, 1935); Scalenostoma subulata (Broderip, 1832); (Cypraea (n. sp.)
Burgess, 1983- in press (Venus) Charon.ia tritons (Linnaeus, 1758) Favartia garretti (Pease, 1868);
Persicula pulchella (Kiener, 1834); Spondylus nicobaricus Schreiber, 1793. (Syn: S. histrix Röding,
1798); Viriola abbotti was described from Samoa, and has recently been reported living in Hawaii. A
single dead specimen was found. Scalenostoma subulata has, according to Warén, 18 synonyms. It has
been reported in all tropical seas except for the eastern Pacific. A single live specimen of Charonia tritons
was taken at 40 meters. A previously unreported Charonia tritonis from the Galapagos is cited in a letter
dated August 26, 1965, from Mrs. Carmen Angermeyer to William Old at the American Museum of
Natural History. Mrs. Angermeyer purchased this shell from Jorge Pincay, who collected it in 2 meters of
water just north of Punta Mangle, Fernandina Island. Mr. Pincay was a crew member of the Charles
Darwin Research Station's vessel, Beagle. Favartia garretti, has up until now, been known only from the
Hawaiian Islands. Numerous specimens were taken at Cocos Island, under dead coral at depths of 13-26
meters. I have had an unidentified Favartia in my collection from La Cruz de Huantecoxtle, which is
approximately 30 miles north of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. It appears to be this species. The Persicula
125
pulchella was a single dead specimen. The Cypraea (n. sp.) Burgess, 1983, has been examined by Dr.
Burgess. He examined my specimen after this new species was already in press. He has informed me
that it is a fairly widespread species being found as far west as Australia. Dr. William Emerson has cited
my specimens of Cypraea talpa Linnaeus, 1758, in a companion paper in this issue of the Nautilus.
Captain Callaway and I took 7 specimens in depths of 7-14 meters. Although I have not had comparative
mate¬rial, the specimens of Spondylus nicobaricus from Cocos Island, seem to match the size, color,
and hinge serrations as outlined by Dr. Kay, for S. histrix.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S10275. NBINA-2051.
Publicación No.: 097 Notes on the freshwater shrimps of Isla del Coco (Costa Rica) with the
description of Macrobrachium cocoense n.sp [Apuntes sobre los camarones de agua dulce de la Isla
del Coco (Costa Rica) con la descripción de Macrobrachium cocoense n.sp] / Abele, L.G.; Kim, W.
(Florida State University. Department of Biological Sciences, Tallahassee, FL 32306, US). In:
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington (ISSN 0006-324X), v. 97, no. 4, p. 951-960. 1984.
Five species of freshwater shrimp are reported from Isla del Coco: M. hancocki, M. americanum, M.
cocoense sp. nov., Macrobrachium sp., and Archaeatya chacei. Habitat notes are presented for each
species, and chela dimorphism in A. chacei is noted.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 098 A new species of Thalassomyia (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Cocos
Island, Costa Rica [Una nueva especie de Thalassomyia (Diptera: Chironomidae) de la Isla del Coco,
Costa Rica] / Hashimoto, H. (Shizuoka University. Faculty of Education, Department of Biology, Shizuoka
422, JP). In: Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses (ISSN 0003-5092), v. 52, no. 4, p. 272-276. 1979.
T. cocosensis sp. nov., from Cocos Island, Costa Rica is closely related to T. setosipennis Wirth from
Hawaii and T. bureni Wirth from Florida, but is obviously separated from those 2 spp. in the markedly
long and spine-like setae on the legs, the different shape of the basal lobe of the basistyle and the long
dististyle of the male imago.
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 884.
Publicación No.: 099 Chelodesmid studies. VIII. A new millipede of the Trichomorpha from
Cocos Island, with notes on related species and the proposal of the new tribe, Trichomorphini
(Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae) [Estudios sobre chelodésmidos. VIII. Un nuevo milpiés Trichomorpha
de la Isla del Coco, con apuntes de especies relacionadas y la propuesta de una nueva tribu,
Trichomorphini (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)] / Hoffman, R.L. (Radford College. Biology Department,
Radford, VA 24142, US). In: Contributions in Science (Los Angeles) (ISSN 0459-8113), no. 305, p. 1-7.
1979.
A new species of chelodesmid milliped, T. hyla, is described from Cocos Island, Costa Rica. It differs
from T. folium (Brolemann), from the same island in reduced tergal setation, absence of lateral
paranotal dentation, lack of middorsal pink spots and in a less complex gonopod structure. The new tribe
Trichomorphini
is
proposed
to
accomodate
the
genera
Trichomorpha,
Phylactophallus,
Ancholeptodesmus, Belonodesmus, Allarithmus, Talamancia and the new genus Loomisiola, based on
Trichomorpha crinitapes Loomis, 1972, from Costa Rica. The new name T. crucicola is proposed to
replace T. gracilis Loomis, 1974, preoccupied by T. gracilis Carl, 1914.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9843.
Publicación No.: 100 Eine neue art der gattung Cyphon Paykull von der Cocos Insel (Coleoptera,
Helodidae). 53. Beitrag zur kenntnis der Helodidae [Una nueva especie del género Cyphon Paykull de la
Isla del Coco (Coleoptera, Helodidae). 53. Contribución al conocimiento de los Helodidae] / Klausnitzer,
B. (Karl-Marx Universität. Sekt. Biowiss., Bereich. Taxon. Oekol., Talstr 33, DDR-7010 Leipzig, DE). In:
Reichenbachia (Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden) (ISSN 0070-7279), v. 18, no. 10, p. 77-79.
1980.
C. bromelius sp. nov. is described from the Pacific Ocean, near the midle of an imaginary line between
Costa Rica and the Galapagos island group, an isolated oceanic island [Cocos Island] that possibly was
never connected with the mainland. [The new species is compared with C. ruficollis Say].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 101 A new species of Halecia from Cocos Island, Costa Rica, with a review of
the neotropical genera of the tribe Chalcophorini (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) [Una nueva especie
de Halecia de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, con una revisión de los géneros neotropicales de la tribu
Chalcophorini (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)] / Bellamy, C.L. (Florida State Collection of Arthropods. Bureau
of Entomology, DPI, FDACS, P.O. Box 1269, Gainesville, FL 32602, US). In: The Coleopterists Bulletin
(ISSN 0010-065X), v. 40, no. 4, p. 381-387. 1986.
Halecia cocosae sp. n. from Cocos Island, Costa Rica, is described, illustrated and discussed in context
with others from Central and northern South America. A short discussion, diagnosis and key to the
related genera in the tribe Chalcophorini is included.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9854.
Publicación No.: 102 A new species of Favartia from the Eastern Pacific (Gastropoda:
Muricidae) [Una nueva especie de Favartia del Pacífico oriental (Gastropoda: Muricidae)] / D'Attilio, A.;
Myers, B.W. (San Diego Natural History Museum. Department of Marine Invertebrates, San Diego, CA
92101, US). In: The Nautilus (ISSN 0028-1344), v. 102, no. 3, p. 106-109. 1988.
126
Favartia (Murexiella) shaskyi is described from Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, and compared with related
species from the eastern Pacific. This species is known only from this isolated oceanic island.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 103 A new species of Phyllonotus (Muricidae: Muricinae) from Isla del Coco
(Costa Rica) [Una nueva especie de Phyllonotus (Muricidae: Muricinae) de la Isla del Coco (Costa Rica)]
/ D'Attilio, A.; Shasky, D.R.; Myers, B.W. (San Diego Natural History Museum. Department of Marine
Invertebrates, San Diego, CA 92101, US). In: The Nautilus (ISSN 0028-1344), v. 101, no. 4, p. 162165. 1987.
Phyllonotus eversoni, a new species from Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, is described and compared to P.
regius (Swainson, 1821) and P. erythrostomus (Swainson, 1831).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2046.
Publicación No.: 104 Biogeographical and ecological limits of New World Passalidae
(Coleoptera) [Límites biogeográficos y ecológicos de los Passalidae (Coleoptera) del Nuevo Mundo] /
Schuster, J.C. (Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Apdo. Postal No. 82, 01901 Guatemala, GT). In: The
Coleopterists Bulletin (ISSN 0010-065x), v. 32, no. 1, p. 21-28. 1978.
In the New World, beetles of the primarily tropical family Passalidae occur in rotting wood from southern
Michigan [USA] and southern Ontario [Canada] to northern Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and southern
Brazil. They are found in the West Indies, Isla del Coco, and Galapagos Islands. They are not known
from the forests of southern Chile or the Pacific North-West, except for the only known fossil of the
family from the Oligocene of Oregon. A few species, mostly Proculini, are encountered above 2800 m
elevation. The most widely distributed species are those of the tropical lowlands below 1500 m. Most
species occur in moist forests, though some species occur in dry forests and even in nests of desert
ants. Most species live in hardwood but some are found in conifers and a few in palms. Passalids are
occasionally found in other microhabitats, possibly including limestone caves inhabited by oilbirds. New
records are cited for various species from Peru, Costa Rica, Belize, Mexico, Trinidad and Grenada.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 105 On some neotropical Passalidae (Coleoptera) [Sobre algunos Passalidae
neotropicales (Coleoptera)] / van Doesburg, P.H. (Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Postbus 9517,
2300 RA, Leiden, NL <E-mail: p.h.v.doesburg@hetnet.nl>). In: The Pan-Pacific Entomologist (ISSN
0031-0603), v. 29, no. 4, p. 203-205. 1953.
Taxonomía de 4 especies americanas de los géneros Popilius, Paxillus y Passalus. Incluye a Popilius lenzi
de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica.
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 668.
Publicación No.: 106 Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian biological survey of Dominica. The family
Dolichopodidae with some related Antillean and Panamanian species (Diptera) / Robinson, H.
(National Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, D.C.
20560, US). In: Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology (ISSN 0081-0282), no. 185, p. 1-141. 1975.
Taxonomía de dípteros dolicopódidos de la Isla Dominica con material proveniente de otras localidades
del Caribe. 30 géneros y 113 especies. Descripción de 3 géneros nuevos, Cryptopygiella, Dominicomyia
y Micromedetera. Incluye a Micromorphus albipes, Chrysotus acutus y Cymatopus cheesmani de Costa
Rica. Esta última especie de la Isla del Coco. Contiene claves.
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 882.
Publicación No.: 107 A checklist of the millipeds of Mexico and Central America [Lista de los
milpiés de México y Centroamérica] / Loomis, H.F. (Florida State Collection of Arthropods. Florida
Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, PO Box 1269, Gainesville, FL 32602, US). In: United
States National Museum Bulletin, no. 266, p. 1-137. 1968.
Lista de especies de milpiés colectados en México y Centroamérica, con indicación de la jerarquía
taxonómica, localidad donde se colectó el tipo, museo donde está depositado el holotipo y distribución
geográfica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: U.
Publicación No.: 108 Cerambycidae of the Galápagos Islands [Cerambycidae de las Islas
Galápagos] / Linsley, E.G.; Chemsak, J.A. (University of California at Berkeley. Essig Museum of
Entomology, Wellman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, US <E-mail: jachensak@aol.com>). In: Proceedings of
the California Academy of Sciences (ISSN 0068-547X), v. 33, no. 8, p. 197-236. 1966.
Informan la presencia en la Isla del Coco de los cerambícidos Taeniotes hayi y Monochamus cocoensis,
citados en este trabajo erróneamente como presentes en las Islas Galápagos.
Localización: Biblioteca de Coleoptera (INBio): 15483368.
Publicación No.: 109 The display of the Cocos Island anole [La exhibición de la lagartija de la Isla
del Coco] / Carpenter, C.C. (University of Oklahoma. Department of Zoology, Norman, OK 73019, US).
In: Herpetologica (ISSN 0018-0831), v. 21, no. 4, p. 256-260. 1965.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9901.
Publicación No.: 110 Wanderings of an itinerant malacologist. 5. Cocos Island, Costa Rica: a
dive on the wild side [Andanzas de un malacólogo viajero. 5. La Isla del Coco, Costa Rica: buceo en el
127
lado salvaje] / Shasky, D.R. (834 Highland Ave, Redlands, CA 92373, US). In: American Conchologist
(ISSN 1072-2440), v. 17, no. 3, p. 14, 17. 1989.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 111 My last seven years at Cocos Island [Mis últimos siete años en la Isla del
Coco] / Shasky, D.R. (834 Highland Ave, Redlands, CA 92373, US). In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388),
v. 21, no. 8, p. 72-75. 1989.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 112 On the occurrence of barnacle reefs around Cocos Island, Costa Rica
[Presencia de arrecifes de percebes alrededor de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] / Senn, D.G.; Glasstetter,
M. In: Senckenbergiana Maritima (ISSN 0080-889X), v. 20, no. 5/6, p. 241-249. 1989.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 113 Update on mollusks with Indo-Pacific faunal affinities in the tropical
eastern Pacific. Part VIII [Actualización sobre los moluscos con afinidades faunísticas Indopacíficas en
el Pacífico oriental tropical. Parte VIII] / Shasky, D.R. (834 Highland Ave, Redlands, CA 92373, US). In:
The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 20, no. 10, p. 104-105. 1988.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 114 Gangsystematik der Parasitiformes. Teil 503. Weltweite Revision der
Ganggattung Trichouropoda Berlese 1916. Nachtrage zu den von 1986 bis 1988 revidierten
Gruppen (Trichouropodini, Uropodinae) / Hirschmann, W.; Wisniewski, J. In: Acarologie (ISSN
0567-672X), v. 35, p. 85-115. 1988.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 115 Update on mollusks with Indo-Pacific faunal affinities in the tropical
eastern Pacific. Part V [Actualización sobre los moluscos con afinidades faunísticas Indopacíficas en el
Pacífico oriental tropical. Parte V] / Shasky, D.R. (834 Highland Ave, Redlands, CA 92373, US). In: The
Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 19, no. 6, p. 48-50. 1987.
Three additional species are now added to the list of Indo-Pacific mollusks found in the tropical eastern
Pacific and a southern California species is recorded for the first time in the Indo-Pacific. Streptopinna
saccata (Linnaeus, 1758) Rosewater (1961) in his monograph of the Indo-Pacific Pinnidae gives the
distribution of Streptopinna saccata as from East Africa to eastern Polynesia. He states that its habitat is
under and between rocks in tidepools and in cavities of coral and that it may assume an almost
unbelievable degree of contortion. While diving in 27 meters at Roca Sucia, Cocos Island, Costa Rica, on
April 23, 1986, I found a recently dead specimen (Figure 1) wedged between coral slabs. This specimen,
191x 78 x 1 mm, is minimally contorted and closely resembles the specimen figured by Dr. Rosewater
(pl. 171, figs. 1-2) from Keokea, Hilo, Hawaii. Herviera gliriella (Melvill and Standen, 1896) Originally
described as Pyrgulina gliriella from specimens collected at Lifu (now Lifou) Island, Loyalty Islands, the
authors in 1899 proposed the genus Herviera with Pyrgulina gliriella as the type. In this paper they
mentioned that the species was also taken at Uvea Island, Loyalty Islands and from New Caledonia. Dr.
Alison Kay (1979) notes Herviera gliriella from the Line and Hawaiian Islands and I have collected the
species at Sand Island in the Midway Islands. A figure of an unidentified Turbonilla from the CocosKeeling Islands in a paper by Dr. Virginia Orr Maes (1967, pl. 19, fig. 3) also appears to be H. gliriella.
While SCUBA diving I have collected H. gliriella at the following Panamic localities: 1) 8-15 meters,
Coastecomate, Jalisco, Mexico, October 1968. 2) 13 meters off the S.W. tip of Isla Partida, Gulf of
California, Mexico, August 1975. 3) 12-17 meters on Ostrea fisheri Dall, 1914, at Isla Ballena, Gulf of
California, Mexico, October 1982. 4) 12-37 meters from three sites at Cocos Island, Costa Rica, 1983-85
(Figure 2). Vanikoro acuta (Recluz, 1844). Vanikoro acuta was described as Narica acuta from specimens
taken by Hugh Cuming. Dr. Alison Kay (1979) cites records of this species from Hawaii, the Tuamotus,
Lord Hood Island and the Moluccas. I have dredged numerous dead specimens (Figure 3) at Cocos
Island, Costa Rica in depths of 100-300 meters. I have taken none alive. Amphithalamus inclusis
Carpenter, 1864. Amphithalamus inclusis was described from southern California. Subsequently A.
stephensae Bartsch, 1927, was described from Magdalena Bay, Baja California, Mexico and A. trosti
Strong and Hertlein, 1939, from Panama. Dr. Winston Ponder (1983) in his review of the genera of
Barleeidae, states that the "American species of Amphithalamus probably fall into a single complex,
being very similar and clearly closely related." I have found A. trosti to be abundant throughout the
Panamic province, sometimes finding a thousand specimens on a single dive. I have usually found it in
the siftings of algae covered rocks or coral shaken into a collecting pail or bag. I have taken it from the
intertidal zone to depths of 33 meters. In early October 1985, while snorkeling on the north side of Sand
Island, Midway Islands, I found two specimens of A. inclusis (Figure 4) in siftings from dead coral. This is
the first record of this taxon in the Indo-Pacific.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2120.
Publicación No.: 116 Update on mollusks with Indo-Pacific faunal affinities in the tropical
eastern Pacific. Part VI [Actualización sobre los moluscos con afinidades faunísticas Indopacíficas en
128
el Pacífico oriental tropical. Parte VI] / Shasky, D.R. (834 Highland Ave, Redlands, CA 92373, US). In:
The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 19, no. 10, p. 100-101. 1987.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 117 A revision of the Maxillaria neglecta complex (Orchidaceae) in
Mesoamerica [Una revisión del complejo Maxillaria neglecta complex (Orchidaceae) en mesoamérica] /
Atwood, J.T. (The Marie Selby Botanical Garden, 811 S. Palm Ave, Sarasota, FL 34236, US <E-mail:
atwood@virtu.sar.usf.edu>). In: Lindleyana (ISSN 0889-258X), v. 8, no. 1, p. 25-31. 1993.
Six species usually labelled in herbaria as Maxillaria neglecta (Schltr.) L. O. Williams are clearly
determinable in Costa Rica and Panama. The new name, M. pseudoneglecta Atwood, is provided based
on Ornithidium anceps Reichb. f. Study of type specimens reveal conflicts of synonymy as previously
published. A key to the 6 species accepted is provided as well as drawings of representative flowers. Six
species are recognized among material usually determined as M. neglecta; all are recorded from Costa
Rica, including M. parviflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Garay, only from Cocos Island (though otherwise
widespread). Key included. One nom nov. published: M. pseudoneglecta J.T. Atwood, based on
Ornithidium anceps Rchb. f.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9977.
Publicación No.: 118 Taxonomic studies in foliicolous species of the genus Porina. 1. The
Porina rufula aggregate [Estudios taxonómicos sobre especies foliicolas del género Porina. 1. El Porina
rufula agregado] / Lücking, R. (The Field Museum. Department of Botany, Lake Shore Direve, Chicago,
IL 60605-2496, US <E-mail: rlucking@fieldmuseum.org>). In: Botanica Acta (ISSN 0932-8629), v. 109,
no. 3, p. 248-260. 1996.
An analysis of character variation in species of the Porina rufula aggregate, i.e. P. rufula (Kremp.) Vain.,
P. limbulata (Kremp.) Vain., P. rubentior (Stirt.) Mull. Arg., and P. pseudofulvella Serus., showed that
the hitherto applied concepts of species delimitation - based on perithecial size and colour - are not
appropriate and should be replaced by a concept which primarily regards perithecial colour and shape as
specific characters. Revision of type specimens proved the identity of P. rufula and P. pseudofulvella,
whereas P. limbulata sensu Santesson had to be split into P. limbulata s. str. and P. leptospermoides
Mull. Arg. Evolutionary tendencies are seen in reduction of thallus morphology and perithecial pigments
as an adaptation to shady habitats, indicating P. leptospermoides as a more primitive and P. rufula as a
more advanced taxon. Judging from species distribution, the phylogenetic origin of the P. rufula
aggregate might be in the Neotropics.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6340.
Publicación No.: 119 A new species of eleotridid, Eleotris tecta (Pisces: Eleotrididae), from
Pacific slope streams of tropical America [Una nueva especie de eleotrídido, Eleotris tecta (Pisces:
Eleotrididae), de la vertiente Pacífica de América tropical] / Bussing-Burhaus, W.A. (Universidad de
Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología y Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Ciudad
Universitaria, CR <E-mail: wbussing@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 00347744), v. 44, no. 1, p. 251-257. 1996.
The "pygmy sleeper" of the family Eleotrididae, Eleotris tecta, is described as new on the basis of the
values of several counts, differences in neuromast patterns on the head and differences in fin coloration.
The eight known specimens were taken in small freshwater streams close to the sea in southern Costa
Rica, and in Colombia (mainland and Isla Gorgona). The new species is more similar to E. tubularis, an
endemic in streams on Isla del Coco, than with its congener E. picta, which is known from California to
Peru and is reported here for the first time from Isla del Coco.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 120 First record of Pelecanus occidentalis (Aves: Pelecanidae) and Phaeton
lepturus (Aves: Phaethontidae), at Isla del Coco, Costa Rica [Primer registro de Pelecanus
occidentalis (Aves: Pelecanidae) y Phaeton lepturus (Aves: Phaethontidae), en la Isla del Coco, Costa
Rica] / Dudzik, K.J. (830 S 2ND St 13, Delavan, WI 53115, US). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN
0034-7744), v. 44, no. 1, p. 303-304. 1996.
This note describes the first confirmed report of Pelecanus occidentalis and the first known records of
Phaeton lepturus at Isla del Coco, Costa Rica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 121 Análisis de capacidad de carga para visitación en las áreas silvestres de
Costa Rica / Maldonado-Ulloa, T.; Hurtado de Mendoza, L.; Saborío, O. (Fundación Neotrópica. Centro
de Estudios Ambientales y Políticas, Apdo. 236-10002, San José, CR <E-mail: fneotrop@racsa.co.cr>).
San José: Fundación Neotrópica, 1992. 104 pp.
Costa Rica tiene algunos factores a su favor para desarrollar la industria del ecoturismo. El sistema de
áreas protegidas ofrece muchos lugares distintos, dentro de un perímetro reducido, haciendo posible que
los turistas puedan ver la diversidad de la fauna silvestre en un período de tiempo corto. El desarrollo de
esta actividad bien manejada, puede reportar importantes ingresos al país al mismo tiempo que
contribuye a la conservación de las áreas silvestres. Pero, mal manejada se puede transformar en un
factor más de deterioro de ciertas áreas que están siendo impactadas por los cambios en el uso de la
tierra y actividades económicas intensivas que se desarrollan alrededor de ellas. A nivel nacional deben
existir directrices generales que reglamenten la visitación a las áreas silvestres protegidas, pero cada
área debería tener reglas específicas si las directrices generales son insuficientes para dar protección
129
debida a sus recusos. En el manejo del área, los guardaparques a cargo han de tener poder de decisión
real, y así ejecutar las acciones pertinentes cuando corresponda para cumplir con los objetivos del área.
Con respecto a los visitantes es necesario caracterizarlos y categorizarlos, y establecer tipos, tendencias
y proyecciones de visitantes en términos cualitativos y cuantitativos y planificar de mejor manera el
manejo de la demanda (visitante) y de la oferta (áreas o sitios de visitación). Los parques y las reservas
biológicas deben contar con centro de visitantes, equipamiento básico y senderos adecuados, para así
maximizar la calidad de visita y minimizar los impactos negativos distribuyendo los visitantes en
diferentes sitios. Es necesario establecer tarifas diferenciadas por la entrada y se debe exigir la entrada
en grupos con la presencia de un guía autorizado. La capacidad de carga se debe estableerr para cada
sitio específico dentro de las zonas determinadas para visitación. Finalmente, a manera de
recomendación, se sugiere establcer un área piloto (algún parque nacional o reserva biológica) para
aplicar los conceptos e ideas aquí presentados. El Servicio de Parques Nacionales tendría la
responsabilidad de asignar tal área.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 338.4791 F981a. Biblioteca Conmemorativa Orton: 333.95097286
M244.
Publicación No.: 122 Indo-Pacific echinoids in the tropical eastern Pacific [Echinoidos indopacíficos en el Pacífico tropical oriental] / Lessios, H.A.; Kessing, B.D.; Wellington, G.M.; Graybeal, A.
(Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 2072, Balboa, PA). In: Coral Reefs (ISSN 0722-4028), v.
15, no. 2, p. 133-142. 1996.
The existing literature reports that only one species of Indo-Pacific echinoid (Echinometra oblonga),
occurs in the eastern Pacific. In this study we confirm the presence of this species at Islas Revillagigedo
and also report the presence of two species of Echinothrix (a genus hitherto unknown outside the IndoPacific) at Isla del Coco and at Clipperton Island. We also present evidence from isozymes and from
mitochondrial DNA sequences indicating that at least one individual of Diadema at Clipperton may
belong to a maternal lineage characteristic of the west Pacific species D. savignyi. These data are
consistent with the hypothesis that the observed populations of Indo-Pacific echinoid species are recent
arrivals to the eastern Pacific, as opposed to the view that they are relicts of Tethyan pan-tropical
distributions. Echinothrix diadema, in particular, may have arrived at Isla del Coco during the 1982-1983
El Niño. In addition to Indo-Pacific species, Clipperton, Isla del Coco and the Revillagigedos contain a
complement of eastern Pacific echinoids. The echinoid faunas of these islands should, therefore, be
regarded as mixtures of two biogeographic provinces. Though none of the Indo-Pacific species are
known to have reached the coast of the American mainland, their presence at the offshore islands of the
eastern Pacific suggests that, for some echinoids, the East Pacific Barrier is not as formidable an obstacle
to migration as was previously thought.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3177.
Publicación No.: 123 New records of fishes at Isla del Coco, Costa Rica [Nuevos registros de
peces en la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] / Garrison, V.H. (National Biological Service, P.O. Box 710, St
John, Virgin Islands 00831, US). In: Bulletin of Marine Science (ISSN 0007-4977), v. 58, no. 3, p. 861864. 1996.
The main purpose of my field work was to develop for the Parque Nacional Isla del Coco a species list of
fishes most commonly seen while snorkeling or diving with SCUBA and to record observations and take
photographs for a field identification guide of the fishes of Isla del Coco. There was no capturing or
collecting. Photographs of Cookeolus japonicus and Xanthichthys caerulelineatus, which are new records
for Isla del Coco, have been deposited at the University of Costa Rica Zoology Museum (Biology School).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S5107.
Publicación No.: 124 Additions to the hepatic flora of Costa Rica [Adición a la flora de hepáticas
de Costa Rica] / Gradstein, S.R.; Lücking, A.; Morales-Zürcher, M.I.; Dauphin-López, G. (Universität
GÖttingen. Albrecht-von-Haller Institute für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Abteilung Systematische Botanik,
Untere
Karspüle
2,
D-37073
Göttingen,
DE
<E-mail:
sgradst@gwdg.de>
<E-mail:
aberneck@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>
<E-mail:
mimorale@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>
<E-mail:
gregoriodauphin@hotmail.com>). In: Lindbergia (ISSN 0105-0761), v. 19, no. 2/3, p. 73-86. 1994.
Ninety species of hepatics are newly reported from Costa Rica, including 35 which were previously
unknown from Central America. Notes on the geographical distribution and habitats of the species are
provided. The Costa Rican hepatic flora is a rich one with 490 species recorded. About 7% are temperate
immigrants and subcosmopolitan species. 33.5% are species with limited ranges in tropical America and
the remainder are widespread tropical taxa. Andean species (17%) abound in the mountains and often
reach their northermost limit in Costa Rica. A few Chocó species occurring in southern Puntarenas should
be considered endangered taxa. Endemism in Costa Rican hepatics is low (2.5%).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3019.
Publicación No.: 125 Neotropical Tineidae. V. The Tineidae of Cocos Island, Costa Rica
(Lepidoptera: Tineoidea) [Tineidae neotropicales. V. Los Tineidae de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica
(Lepidoptera: Tineoidea)] / Davis, D.R. (National Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Institution,
Department of Systematic Biology, Section of Entomology, Washington, D.C 20560-0127, US <E-mail:
davis.don@nmnh.si.edu>). In: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington (ISSN 00138797), v. 96, no. 4, p. 735-748. 1994.
Five species representing four genera of Tineidae are reported to occur on Cocos Island, Costa Rica. All
are fully illustrated. An additional species of Opogona is also present but not described because of
inadequate material. Four species are proposed as new: Erechthias hoguei, Lepyrotica acantha, Opogona
130
dimorpha, and Protodarcia co-cosensis. Only one of these, L. acantha also from the Galápagos Islands, is
known to occur elsewhere. A fifth species, Erechthias flavistriata (Wlsm.), is an immigrant that occurs
widespread through the Pacific area from Cocos Island to Malaysia. Although the sample is relatively
small, it nevertheless exemplifies the disharmonic nature of the fauna-the five species represent four
tineid subfamilies. Origins of the Cocos tineid fauna appear complex, but the affinities for most of the
species are aligned along a standard track from the Caribbean to the Galápagos.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3024.
Publicación No.: 126 Notes on the natural history of
Theridiosomatidae) [Apuntes sobre la historia natural
Theridiosomatidae)] / Eberhard-Crabtree, W.G. (Universidad
Universitaria, CR <E-mail: archisepsis@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>).
Society (ISSN 0524-4994), v. 8, no. 8, p. 246-248. 1991.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Wendilgarda galapagensis (Araneae:
de Wendilgarda galapagensis (Araneae:
de Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología, Ciudad
In: Bulletin of the British Arachnological
Publicación No.: 127 Treasure Island: the uninhabited island of Cocos, off Costa Rica, is to
divers what Pebble Beach is to golfers [La Isla del Tesoro: la inhabitada Isla del Coco, lejos de Costa
Rica, es para los buzos los mismo que la Playa de Guijarros es para los jugadores de golf] / Harding, J.
In: Forbes (ISSN 0015-6914), v. 156, no. 10, p. 354-355. 1995.
Declares that the uninhabited Cocos Island, off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, is as memorable to divers
as the Pebble Beach course is to golfers. Harding describes his scuba-diving adventures studying
hammerhead and white-tip reef sharks. Cocos allegedly the inspiration for Robert Louis Stevenson's
book 'Treasure Hunter', which make regular trips to the islands; Cost for ten days on either boat.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7827.
Publicación No.: 128 First records of humpback whales including calves at Golfo Dulce and
Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, suggesting geographical overlap of Northern and Southern
hemisphere populations [Primeros registros de ballenas jorobadas incluyendo crías en el Golfo Dulce
e Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, sugiriendo un traslape de las poblaciones de los hemisferios norte y sur] /
Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A.; Smultea, M.A. (Western Washington University. Department of Biology,
Bellingham, WA 98225-9160, US <E-mail: acevedo@biol.wwu.edu>). In: Marine Mammal Science (ISSN
0824-0469), v. 11, no. 4, p. 554-560. 1995.
We present the first documented records of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), including
mothers with calves, in Golfo Dulce and at Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. These sightings suggest a possible
overlap in the spatial distribution of southern and northern hemisphere humpback whales near Costa
Rica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6710.
Publicación No.: 129 Lohmanniidae (Acari, Oribatida) from the Galapagos Islands, the Cocos
Island, and Central America [Lohmanniidae (Acari, Oribatida) de las islas Galápagos, Isla del Coco y
Centroamérica] / Shatz, H. (Innsbruck University. Institute of Zoology, Technikerstr 25 A-6020
Innsbruck, AT). In: Acarologia (ISSN 0044-586X), v. 35, no. 3, p. 267-287. 1994.
Twelve species of the family Lohmanniidae from the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador), Cocos Island (Costa
Rica), and from Central America (Belize, Guatemala, Costa Rica) are discussed. The recorded juvenile
instars are described. Also two new species from Galapagos are described and illustrated : Heptacarus
encantadae sp.n. and Nesiacarus schusteri sp.n. A survey of zoogeography and ecology of the
neotropical Lohmanniidae is added.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8562.
Publicación No.: 130 Briófitos de la Isla de Cocos: Diversidad y ecología / Dauphin-López, G.
(Universidad de Costa Rica. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Apdo. 1031-7050, Cartago, CR <E-mail:
gregoriodauphin@hotmail.com>). San José: Universidad de Costa Rica, 1995. 63 p. Tesis, Licenciatura
en Biología con énfasis en Botánica, Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología, San José (Costa
Rica).
A collection and a comprehensive first study of Bryophytes in Cocos Island (5°32'N, 87°04'W), Costa
Rica, yield 165 bryophyte species. For Hepaticae 110 species in 44 genera and 12 families were found.
For Musci 55 species in 33 genera and 17 families. Cocos Island contains a flora with 60% of the mosses
and 40% of the hepaticae widely distributed in the neotropics. Endemism is low: 5.4% in Musci and 3%
for Hepaticae. The affinities of this bryophyte flora with that of other neotropical areas is discussed.
Eight plots (10x10 0m), distributed in the altitudinal range from 0 to 600 m where established. In every
plot, 20 (30x30 cm) squares where surveyed, recording ocurrence of bryophytic taxa on trunks, logs,
branches, twigs and earth. Similarities between plots were analyzed by means of a cluster analysis.
Grouping of plots suggests the existence of at least three altitudinal vegetational zones in Cocos Island,
i.e. Bosque de Bajura (lowland forest, primary & secondary), Bosque Premontano (premontane forest),
Bosque Montano (montane forest). Comparisons are made between this zoning and previous schemes
elaborated by specialists in bryology and other disciplines.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: Tesis 301. Biblioteca Luis D. Tinoco: Tesis 15979.
Publicación No.: 131 A new clingfish (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from the mangroves of Costa
Rica, with notes on its ecology and early development [Un nuevo pez chupapiedras (Teleostei:
Gobiesocidae) de los manglares de Costa Rica, con apuntes sobre su ecología y desarrollo inicial] /
131
Szelistowski, W.A. (Eckerd College. Department of Marine Sciences, St. Petersburg, FL 33711, US <Email: szeliswa@eckerd.edu>). In: Copeia (ISSN 0045-8511), v. 1990, no. 2, p. 500-507. 1990.
Tomicodon abuelorum is described from the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. It is characterized by high
numbers of fin rays, relatively forward placement of the dorsal fin, and the lack of a dermal flap on the
anterior nostril. Adults and juveniles are common associates of Rhizophora prop roots, from which they
feed on small molluscs and crustaceans at high tide. Postflexion larvae are often found attached to
floating mangrove leaves, and may use them as a dispersal mechanism into mangrove root systems.
Reproduction appears to be year-round. The development of the pigment pattern from the postflexion
larva to adult is described. Tomicodon abuelorum most closely resembles T. prodomus from the Gulf of
Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3049. NBINA-2882.
Publicación No.: 132 First records of occurrence and nesting of three bird species at Isla del
Coco, Costa Rica [Primeros registros de la presencia y anidamiento de tres especies de aves en la Isla
del Coco, Costa Rica] / Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A. (Western Washington University. Department of Biology,
Bellingham, WA 98225-9160, US <E-mail: acevedo@biol.wwu.edu>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical
(ISSN 0034-7744), v. 42, no. 3, p. 762. 1994.
(No abstract)
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 133 New species of gobiid fishes of the genera Lythrypnus, Elacatinus and
Chriolepis from the eastern tropical Pacific [Nuevas especies de peces gobiidos de los géneros
Lythrypnus, Elacatinus y Chriolepis del Pacífico oriental tropical] / Bussing-Burhaus, W.A. (Universidad
de Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología y Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Ciudad
Universitaria, CR <E-mail: wbussing@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 00347744), v. 38, no. 1, p. 99-118. 1990.
Eight new gobies are described: Lythrypnus lavenbergi, L. aphigena and L. cobalus were collected in
deep waters around Isla del Coco; L. insularis was taken at the Isla Revillagigedo. The first two species
were captured at ca. 140 m and 91 m depth respectively and do not appear to be closely related to
other known species. The color pattern of L. cobalus, also from Isla del Coco is very similar to that of
Lythrypns dalli (Gilbert), but it appears to be a pygmy species and presents distinctive meristic values.
The nominal species Lythrypnus pulchellus Ginsburg is tentatively retained as distinct from the insular L.
rhizophora (Heller & Snodgrass) from Isla del Coco and the Islas Galapagos pending confirmation of
differences in live coloration. A mainland species, Elacatinus inornatus and E. nesiotus from Isla del Coco
constitute a pair of geminate species. Chriolepis cuneata from the mainland is most similar to other
mainland forms and C. dialepta from Isla de Coco is closely related to C. lepidota from Isla Malpelo.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 134 Zoraptera of Panama with a review of the morphology, systematics, and
biology of the Order [Zoraptera de Panamá con una revisión de la morfología, sistemática y biología
del Orden] / Choe, J.C.; Quintero, D, [ed.].; Aiello, A, [ed.]. (<E-mail: quinterd@tivoli.si.edu> ). In:
Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica: selected studies New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. p. 249256. ISBN: 0-19-854018-3.
The zorapterans are gregarious insects that live under the bark of dead trees. Since the order Zoraptera
was erected by Silvestri (1913), only 30 species have been described (Table 15.1). All described species
belong to a single genus, Zorotypus, in the family Zorotypidae. Poinar (1988) recently described a fossil
species, Z. palaeus, from Dominican amber, indicating that zorapterans were present in the period
between the lower Miocene and upper Eocene. Zorapterans are distributed in the tropical and subtropical
belts including all continents except Australia. Undoubtedly many more undescribed species will be
revealed by further fieldwork and give a more complete geographic picture. To date, the neotropics is by
far the most diverse region (Table 15.1). Sixteen species have been described from various localities on
the mainland and neighbouring islands (Fig. 15.10. Specific identification is often difficult, as a least
seven species were described from females (New 1978) and one species, Z. longiceratus, was described
from mymphs only (Caudell 1927). More rigorous collecting and systematic revision are badly needed.
With the possible exception of Zorotypus hubbardi, which occurs widely in the United States (Gurney
1938; Riegel 1963; Shetlar 1978) little is known about zorapteran biology. In the following account, a
review is provided of the morphology, life history, and systematics of the order Zoraptera based on an
extensive literature survey and personal research on two Panamanian species.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S1167. Museo de Insectos (UCR).
Publicación No.: 135 Cocos Island (Pacific of Costa Rica) coral reefs after the 1982-83 El Niño
disturbance [Arrecifes de coral de la Isla del Coco (Pacífico de Costa Rica) después del disturbio del
fenómeno del Niño 1982-83] / Guzmán-Espinal, H.M.; Cortés-Núñez, J. (Smithsonian Tropical Research
Institute,
Apdo.
2072,
Balboa,
PA
<E-mail:
guzmanh@naos.si.edu>
<E-mail:
jcortes@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 40, no. 3, p. 309324. 1992.
Cocos Island coral reefs were adversely affected by the 1982-83 El Niño warming event. Surveys made
in 1987 indicated dramatic coral morality at all depths (1-24m). Live coral cover on three studied coral
reefs was 2.6, 2.9 and 3.5%. Population densities of the corallivores Acanthaster planci and Arothron
meleagris were relatively high with their feeding activities concentrated on the few surviving colonies.
Density of Diadema mexicanum was also high, being responsible for the erosion of large reef framework
areas. It is predicted that recovery of the original reef-framework thickness is in the order of centuries.
132
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3492.
Publicación No.: 136 Eleven new species, a new variety, and a new varietal combination in the
fern genera Asplenium and Diplazium in Central America [Once nuevas especies, una nueva
variedad y una nueva combinación varietal en el género de helechos Asplenium y Diplazium en
Centroamérica] / Adams, C.D. (British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD,
GB). In: Novon (ISSN 1055-3177), v. 2, no. 4, p. 290-298. 1992.
The following new taxa of ferns, Asplenium barclayanum, A. salicifolium var. aequilaterale, A. seileri,
Diplazium atirrense var. lobulatum, D. chimuense, D. chiriquense, D. croatianum, D. gomezianum, D.
hammelianum, D. matudae, D. moranii, D. panamense, D. tutense, have been revealed through
research carried out in the preparation of contributions for Flora Mesoamericana.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S2958.
Publicación No.: 137 New species of the fern Genus Elaphoglossum from Mesoamerica [Nuevas
especies del género de helechos Elaphoglossum de Mesoamérica] / Mickel, J.T. (New York Botanical
Garden, Bronx, N.Y. 10458, US). In: Novon (ISSN 1055-3177), v. 2, no. 4, p. 368-382. 1992.
Of the 118 species of Elaphoglossum treated in the Flora of Mesoamerica, 33 were determined to be new
and are described here. In addition, one new variety is described and one variety is raised to species
rank.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S2922.
Publicación No.: 138 Neotropical Lycopodiaceae: An overview [Lycopodiaceae neotropicales: Una
visión general] / Ollgaard, B. (University of Aarhus. Institute of Biological Sciences, Nordlandsvej 68,
DK-8240 Risskov, DK). In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (ISSN 0026-6493), v. 79, no. 3, p.
687-717. 1992.
Approximately 185 species of Lycopodiaceae are known to occur in the Neotropics: ca. 150 belong in the
genus Huperzia, ca. 8 in Lycopodium, and ca. 25 in Lycopodiella. The species are enumerated according
to assumed relationship, with information of the most important synonyms, a summary of their
distribution, comments on their morphology and variability, and reference to selected illustrations.
Species delimination is problematic throughout the family. This is due to the simple morphology and the
plasticity of the characters. Morphogenesis seems unstable in many species and may be strongly
affected by environmental factors. Most characters are variable within a species, e.g., stem thickness,
number of leaf orthostichies, leaf crowding, leaf direction, development of teeth on leaf margins, color,
degree of heterophyllous differentiation. Often the diagnostic feature of closely related species are
without apparent adaptive significance. Hybridization is believed to occur rather freely, but the putative
hybrids often have normally developed spores. Three new combinations, Huperzia tubulosa (Maxon) B.
Ollg., Huperzia watsoniana (Maxon) B. Ollg., and Lycopodiella torta (L. Underw. & F. Lloyd) B. Ollg., are
proposed.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S2973. NBINA-2921.
Publicación No.: 139 Two new species of geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae:
Ennominae) from Cocos Island, Costa Rica [Dos nuevas especies de polillas geométridas
(Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] / Brown, J.W.; Donahue, J.P.;
Miller, S.E. (National Museum of Natural History. USDA / ARS, PSI, Systematic Entomology Laboratory,
MRC-168, Washington, DC 20560, US <E-mail: jbrown@sel.barc.usda.gov>). In: Contributions in
Science (Los Angeles) (ISSN 0459-8113), no. 423, p. 11-18. 1991.
Seventy-five species of Lepidoptera are recorded from Cocos Island, Costa Rica, including seven species
in the Geometridae. Two of these species in the subfamily Ennominae, Oxydia hoguei new species and
Phrygionis steeleorum new species, are described and figured. Oxydia hoguei appears to represent the
sister species of the Caribbean O. lalanneorum Herbulot, 1985, on the basis of long-bipectinate antennae
in the male and an associated long epiphysis and by the configuration and spination of the furca in the
male genitalia. Phrygionis steeleroum can be distinguished from its congeners by the abscence of
metallic silver scaling on the medial band of the forewing and in the marginal "eye-spot" of the
hindwing. The two new species are endemic to Cocos Island. The traditional biogeographic hypothesis of
species colonization of Cocos Island and the Galapagos Archipielago by vagrants from the Central and
South American mainland is questioned.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S2894. NBINA-2693. Museo de Insectos (UCR).
Publicación No.: 140 A new species of eastern Pacific moray eel (Pisces: Muraenidae) [Una
especie nueva de morena del Pacífico Oriental (Pisces: Muraenidae)] / Bussing-Burhaus, W.A.
(Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología y Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y
Limnología, Ciudad Universitaria, CR <E-mail: wbussing@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Revista de Biología
Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 39, no. 1, p. 97-102. 1991.
A new species of eastern Pacific muraenid eel is described. Uropterygius versutus n. sp. was taken at
several mainland localities from Mexico to Panama as well as Isla del Coco, Costa Rica and the Islas
Galápagos and is recognized on the basis of two branchial pores, a uniform coloration and a Mean
Vertebral Formula of 118-122-134. It was captured at depths up to 40 m, although the species is most
abundant in shallow, rocky habitats and in tide pools.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 141 A new genus and two new species of tripterygiid fishes from Costa Rica
[Un nuevo género y dos especies nuevas de peces Tripterygiidae de Costa Rica] / Bussing-Burhaus, W.A.
133
(Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología y Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y
Limnología, Ciudad Universitaria, CR <E-mail: wbussing@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Revista de Biología
Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 39, no. 1, p. 77-85. 1991.
The triplefin blenny, Axoclinus cocoensis, sp. nov. is described from 1307 specimens collected at
numerous localities around Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Another tripterygiid is described and placed in the
genus Lepidonectes, gen. nov. Rosenblatt, clarkhubbsi, sp. nov. The latter is described from 379
specimens collected along the entire Pacific coastline of Costa Rica; the species is also known from
western Panama and possibly has a larger distribution in Central America.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 142 Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) of Costa Rica: The genus Oxyethira Eaton
[Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) de Costa Rica: El género Oxyethira Eaton] / Holzenthal, R.W.; Harris, S.C.
(University of Minnesota. Department of Entomology, 219 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Ave, St. Paul, MN
55108, US <E-mail: holze001@tc.umn.edu> <E-mail: harris@clarion.edu>). In: Journal of the New York
Entomological Society (ISSN 0028-7199), v. 100, no. 1, p. 155-177. 1992.
Nine new species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) are described from Costa Rica: O. apinolada,
O. cuernuda, O. culebra, O. espinada, O. hilosa, O. rareza, O. sencilla, O. sierruca, and O. tica. Males of
each new species are described and figured. In addition, distribution records are presented for eight
previously described species occurring in Costa Rica: O. arizona Ross, O. azteca (Mosely), O.
costaricensis Kelley, O. glasa (Ross), O. janella Denning, O. parazteca Kelley, O. parce (Edwards and
Arnold), and O. simulatrix Flint. A key is provided to males of the Costa Rican species.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S2856. Museo de Insectos (UCR). Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
Publicación No.: 143 Comments on and descriptions of eulimid gastropods from tropical West
America [Comentarios y descripciones de gastrópodos eulímidos de la América tropical occidental] /
Waren, A. (Swedish Museum Natural History. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Box 50007, S-10405
Stockholm, SE). In: The Veliger (ISSN 0042-3211), v. 35, no. 3, p. 177-194. 1992.
The author and date of the family name Eulimidae is corrected from H. & A. Adams, 1853, to Philippi,
1853, on the basis of priority. Turveria pallida sp. nov. is described from the Gulf of California. It is
ectoparasitic on the sand dollar Encope grandis L. Agassiz, 1841. Microeulima gen. nov. is described with
the type species Alaba terebralis Carpenter, 1857 (Eulima proca de Frolin, 1867 = Leiostraca
schwengelae Bartsch, 1938 = Strombiformis hemphilli Bartsch, 1917 (new synonyms)). This species
occurs from northern Mexico to Ecuador in shallow water. Strombiformis hemphilli Dall, 1883, from
Florida (USA), is placed in Microeulima. Scalenostoma babylonica Bartsch, 1917, is a junior synonym of
Chemnitzia rangi de Folin, 1867, which is transferred from Scalenostoma to Niso Risso, 1826.
Eulimostraca Bartsch, 1917 is discussed and E. macleani sp. nov. is described from Costa Rica.
Strombiformis burragei Bartsch, 1917 (= Melanella panamensis Bartsch, 1917 (new synonym)) and
Leiostraca linearis Carpenter, 1857, are transferred to Eulimostraca (all from western Mexico and Central
America). Eulimetta pagoda gen. et sp. nov. is described from western Central America. Its host species
is unknown. Sabinella shaskyi sp. nov. is described from western Central America. It lives in galls in the
spines of the cidaroid sea urchin Eucidaris thouarsii (Valenciennes, 1846).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S5076.
Publicación No.: 144 Foliicolous lichens and bryophytes from Cocos Island, Costa Rica. A
taxonomical and ecogeographical study. I. Lichens [Líquenes y briófitas foliícolas de la Isla del
Coco, Costa Rica. Estudio taxonómico y ecogeográfico. I. Líquenes] / Lücking, R.; Lücking, A.
(Universität Bayreuth. Lehrstuhl für Pflanzensystematic, D-95447 Bayreuth, DE <E-mail:
rlucking@hotmail.com> <E-mail: aberneck@cariari.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Herzogia (ISSN 0018-0971), v. 11,
p. 143-174. 1995.
A recent collection of foliicolous lichens from Cocos Island, Costa Rica, revealed 98 species, most of
them new recordings for this territory. Four new taxa are described: Arthonia cyanea var. cocosensis,
Bacidia corallifera, Badimia montoyana, and Fellhanera avilezii. The new combinations Fellhanera
ekmanii (Bas.: Bacidia ekmanii Vezda) and Tricharia membranula (Bas.: Lopadium membranula Mull.
Arg.) are proposed. In an ecogeographical analysis, correlations were found between foliicolous lichen
species composition and vegetation types at ten different localities studied on the island. The foliicolous
lichen flora of Cocos Island consists mainly of pantropical and neotropical elements, with more affinities
to South America than to Central America and exhibits a low percentage of endemism.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3054.
Publicación No.: 145 Revision of Pearcea (Gesneriaceae) [Revisión de Pearcea (Gesneriaceae)] /
Kvist, L.P.; Skog, L.E. (Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University. Forestry Unit, Thorvaldsensvej 57,
DK-1877 Frederiksberg C. (Copenhagen), DK). In: Smithsonian Contributions to Botany (ISSN 00810223), no. 84, 47 p. 1996.
Seventeen species of Pearcea (Gesneriaceae) are recognized, nine of which are new: Pearcea bella, P.
bilabiata, P. cordata, P. fuscicalyx, P. glabrata, P. gracilis, P. grandifolia, P. intermedia, and P. strigosa.
Of the remaining eight species, two were originally described in Pearcea, one is transferred herein from
Kohleria, and five come from Parakohleria, a genus placed in synonymy herein. All species are herbs,
usuallly with bright red flowers, and are usually found in the shady, humid forest understory, often near
small streams. Hybridization, local speciation, and polymorphic variation may complicate the species
delimitation.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S.
134
Publicación No.: 146 Resightings and behavior of false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) in
Costa Rica [Reavistamientos y comportamiento de falsas ballenas asesinas (Pseudorca crassidens) en
Costa Rica] / Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A.; Brennan, B.; Rodríguez, P.; Thomas, M. (Western Washington
University. Department of Biology, Bellingham, WA 98225-9160, US <E-mail: acevedo@biol.wwu.edu>).
In: Marine Mammal Science (ISSN 0824-0469), v. 13, no. 2, p. 307-314. 1997.
This note reports resigtings and behavioral observations of false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens)
made during studies on dolphin ecology at Golfo Dulce and Isla del Coco, Costa Rica and from a
cetacean survey in the Pacific Ocean off Costa Rica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6712.
Publicación No.: 147 Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, with remarks on
the Macrolepidoptera fauna [Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, con apuntes
sobre la fauna de Macrolepidoptera] / Brown, J.W. (National Museum of Natural History. USDA / ARS,
Psi, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20560, US <E-mail:
jbrown@sel.barc.usda.gov>). In: Brenesia (ISSN 0304-3711), no. 33, p. 81-84. 1990.
Four species of hawk moths (Sphingidae) have been recorded from Isla del Coco, Costa Rica: Agrius
cingulatus (Fab.), Pachylia ficus (Linn.), Erinnyis obscura (Fab.), and Xylophanes tersa (Linn.). Capture
records and potential hostplants are listed for each species. Relative proportions of the
macrolepidopterous superfamilies Noctuoidea, Geometroidea, Sphingoidea, and Papilionoidea are
compared among Isla del Coco and two other island groups of similar biogeographical affinity (i.e., the
Galapagos and Revillagigedo Archipielagos).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S4283.
Publicación No.: 148 Lista de mamíferos marinos en Golfo Dulce e Isla del Coco, Costa Rica
[Checklist of marine mammals of Golfo Dulce and Cocos Island, Costa Rica] / Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A.
(Western Washington University. Department of Biology, Bellingham, WA 98225-9160, US <E-mail:
acevedo@biol.wwu.edu>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 44, no. 2B, p. 933-934.
1996.
Se realizaron avistamientos de mamíferos marinos en Golfo Dulce (1991-1992) y en Isla del Coco
(1993-1994). Los avistamientos se llevaron a cabo desde embarcaciones inflables, con motor fuera de
borda. Ambas áreas de estudio comparten una predominancia de Tursiops truncatus, una baja
frecuencia de visitantes y una poca variedad de mamíferos marinos.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 149 Peanut worms (Phyllum Sipuncula) from Costa Rica [Gusanos maní
(Phyllum Sipuncula) de Costa Rica] / Cutler, N.J.; Cutler, E.B.; Vargas-Zamora, J.A. (Hamilton College.
Biology Department, Clinton, NY 13323, US <E-mail: javargas@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Revista de
Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 40, no. 1, p. 153-158. 1992.
The Phylum Sipuncula includes about 150 species in 17 genera, most of which are called "peanut
worms". The body is peanut-shaped and divisible into a retractile introvert and a trunk (Fig. 2D). Other
species, however, exhibit more elongated bodies (Fig. 2C). Sipunculans are marine and estuarine
organisms found from the intertidal zone to abyssal depths at all latitudes. Their wide range of habitats
is best described by Hyman (1959): "they lead a sedentary existence in burrows in sandy, muddy,
mucky, gravelly, or shelly bottoms, in clefts and interstices of rocks, in porous lava, in the holdfast
tangles of kelp, under beds of eelgrass and other vegetation, among coralline algae, under rock, among
corals, especially in the cavities in rotting coral heads or under slabs of decaying coral, in sponges, in
empty shells and tubes of other animals, and in almost any protected situation". A singular effort to
describe and quantify terrestrial biodiversity in Costa Rica was started towards the end of the past
decade (Tangley 1990). A research program to study marine biodiversity was established ten years ago
at the Universidad de Costa Rica (Vargas 1988). Both efforts are a reflection of the increasing need for
information on tropical ecosystems, as mankind puts more pressure on their use. As Tangley (1990) has
clearly pointed out "to make tropical biodiversity useful to society -and thus to save it- the first step is
finding out what is there to lose". This note is an effort along that line, and it is based on a study of a
collection of sipunculan worms deposited at the Museo de Zoología, Universidad de Costa Rica, and
additional field sampling in 1991.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 150 Passerina cyanea (Passeriformes: Emberizidae) nuevo informe
ornitológico para la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica [Passerina cyanea (Passeriformes: Emberizidae), new
ornithological report for Cocos Island, Costa Rica] / Lücking, A.; Lücking, R. (Universität Bayreuth.
Lehrstuhl für Pflanzensystematic, D-95447 Bayreuth, DE <E-mail: aberneck@cariari.ucr.ac.cr> <E-mail:
rlucking@hotmail.com>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 41, Fasc. 3B, p. 928929. 1993.
Reportan haber observado una especie de pájaro aun no informado para el Parque Nacional "Isla de
Coco", situado en el Pacífico Oriental (500 km sl suroeste de Costa Rica) que fue identificado como
Passerina cyanea (Emberizidae, Cardinalinae). Sin embargo la presencia de P. cyanea en la isla
supuestamente es accidental, ya que ésta queda fuera del límite occidental de las vías de viaje de la
mayoría de las aves migratorias terrestres de Norteamérica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
135
Publicación No.: 151 Las Hepáticas comunicadas para Costa Rica / Morales-Zürcher, M.I.
(Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología, San José, CR <E-mail: mimorale@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>).
In: Tropical Bryology (ISSN 0935-5626), v. 4, p. 25-27. 1991.
A survey of the literature and a few unpublished identifications of recent collections indicate that 426
taxa have been reported from Costa Rica, including Cocos Island. The distribution of each taxon is
indicated by province and parameters are given for most localities within each province.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3341.
Publicación No.: 152 Gangsystematik der Parasitiformmes Teil 512. Weltweite Revision der
Gattung Uroactinia Hirschmann v. Zirngiebl-Nicol 1964 (Uroactiniini, Uroactiniinae) /
Hirschmann, W. In: Acarologie (ISSN 0567-672X), v. 37, p. 1-65. 1990.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 153 Revision of Kohleria (Gesneriaceae) / Kvist, L.P.; Skog, L.E. (Royal
Veterinary and Agricultural University. Department of Botany, Dendrology, and Forest Genetics,
Rolighedsej 23, D.K. 1958 Frederiksberg C, DK). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1992. 83 pp.
The genus Kohleria (Gesneriaceae: Gloxinieae) ranges from Mexico to Peru and east to Surinam, and
from sea level to about 2500 meters altitude, but most commonly grows between 800 and 2000 meters.
About 100 species have been described in Kohleria, but in the present work only 17 are recognized.
Three species occur in Costa Rica, including Cocos Island.
Localización: Biblioteca Carlos Monge A.: 580.82 S664s.
Publicación No.: 154 Costa Rica, un paraíso natural: guía didáctica audiovisual / Brenes-Rojas,
M.C.; Rojas-González, C.M.; Díaz, H, (ill.). / Instituto Centroamericano para la Educación Audiovisual,
Apdo. 1721-2100, San José, CR Fax (606)253-5911. San José: Instituto Centroamericano para la
Educación Audiovisual, 1996. 104 pp. y vídeo cassette VHS (52 min.). ISBN: 9968-9803-0-7.
Esta guía para el docente, elaborada como parte del programa de ciencias y estudios sociales del II, III y
IV ciclos de la educación diversificada de Costa Rica, se complementa con un vídeo cassette para dirigir
su observación y preguntas sobre cada una de los tópicos tratados. Contiene 42 temas escogidos para
aprender de manera individual o en grupo, entre ellos: Costa Rica, puente biológico. El valor de los
bosques. La vida del mar. La Isla del Coco. Los manglares. Bosque tropical seco. Volcanes: fuerza de la
naturaleza. Talamanca: techo del universo tropical costarricense. Otros temas estudiados son los
siguientes: 1. Recomendaciones para observar el vídeo. 2. La comunidad y la naturaleza. 3. Los parques
nacionales. 4. Las áreas de conservación. 5. Las reservas biológicas. 6. El ecosistema. 7. ¿Cómo
funcionan los ecosistemas en los parques nacionales? 8. El modelado terrestre. 9. El origen geológico de
Costa Rica y su biodiversidad. 10. Las estructuras volcánicas de Costa Rica. 11. Fundamentación legal de
los parques nacionales. 12. Parque Nacional Santa Rosa: escenario histórico y natural. 13. Parque
Nacional Isla del Coco: sitio frecuentado por piratas. 14. Aspectos por considerar.
Localización: Biblioteca José Figueres F.: 507 C8375c.
Publicación No.: 155 Tracking turtles through time / Bowen, B.W.; Avise, J.C. (University of
Florida. Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienes, 792 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL 32653, US
<E-mail: bowen@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu>). In: Natural History (ISSN 0028-0712), v. 104, no. 12, p. 36-42.
1994.
Genetic testing confirms that green turtles (Chelonia mydas), return to nest at their natal beaches, no
matter how distant. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of the control region were obtained for the
Costa Rica and Florida colonies of the green turtle to test the hypothesis that gravid females return to
their natal beaches to lay their eggs. Analyses of intra- and intergroup variation of these sequences
revealed that the two colonies are structured differentially along maternal lineages and that mtDNA
diversity is unusually high in the Florida population. The former result supports the hypothesis of natal
homing in green turtles. For the latter, two explanations are provided: (1) that the Florida colony is the
product of admixture (immigration from multiple sources); or (2) that it is a remnant of a larger,
ancestral population. The presence or absence of Florida haplotypes among other western Atlantic
populations will provide a critical test of these alternate hypotheses.
Localización: Biblioteca Centro Científico Tropical.
Publicación No.: 156 Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, condiciones para la expansión de
actividades turísticas, 1991 / Montoya-Maquín, J.M. (Fundación Amigos de la Isla del Coco, Apdo
postal 6327, 1000 San José, CR <E-mail: michelmontoya@correo.co.cr>). San José: MIRENEM / SPN /
SIPAREMA, 1991. 62 pp.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca del BIODOC: no. 634.
Publicación No.: 157 Top ten reasons to dive Cocos Island [Las diez principales razones para
bucear en la Isla del Coco] / Walker, J. In: Skin Diver (ISSN 0037-6345), v. 46, no. 8, p. 94, 114+.
1997. The top ten reasons to scuba dive at Costa Rica's Cocos Island, including the incredible variety of
marine life and the uniqueness of every trip, are presented.
Localización: No disponible.
136
Publicación No.: 158 Aportes a la flora pteridophyta costarricense. II. Taxones nuevos / RojasAlvarado, A.F. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Apdo. 1031-7050, Cartago, CR
<E-mail: afrojasa@hotmail.com>). In: Brenesia (ISSN 0304-3711), no. 45-46, p. 33-50. 1996.
Several contributions to the Costa Rican pteridophyte flora are made in this paper with the description of
nine new species for Costa Rica, two of them shared with Panama. The new taxa are: Blechnum
faccisquama, Diplazium matamense, Hymenophyllum cocosense, Lellingeria guanacastensis, Lophosoria
quesadae, Megalastrum squamosum, Polypodium tico, Saccoloma morani, and Terpsichore cocosensis.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: B. LS.
Publicación No.: 159 New species or interesting records of foliicolous lichens .3. Arthonia
crystallifera spec. nova (Lichenized Ascomycetes: Arthoniaceae), with a world-wide key to
the foliicolous Arthoniaceae / Ferraro, L.I.; Lücking, R. (Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, CC 209,
RA-3400 Corrientes, AR <E-mail: rlucking@hotmail.com>). In: Phyton: Annales Rei Botanicae (ISSN
0079-2047), v. 37, no. 1, p. 61-70. 1997.
A new foliicolous species of Arthonia from northern Argentina and Brazil is described: A. crystallifera L.I.
Ferraro & R. Lucking is distinguished from other foliicolous species of the genus by the presence of large,
conspicuous, shiny crystals on the ascocarp surface. It is further characterized by the brownish colour of
its ascocarps, the macrocephalic, 2-septate, colourless ascospores, and the radiate phyco-biont cells,
indicating a close relationship to A. accolens STIRT. In order to facilitate the delimitation of foliicolous
Arthoniaceae, a key to all hitherto known species (28) is presented. The new combination Eremothecella
cingulata (R. Sant.) L.I. Ferraro & R. Lucking comb. nova is proposed (Bas.: Arthothelium cingulatum R.
Sant.).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3928.
Publicación No.: 160 Biology and geology of eastern Pacific coral reefs [Biología y geología de los
arrecifes coralinos del Pacífico oriental] / Cortés-Núñez, J. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de
Biología y CIMAR, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR <E-mail: jcortes@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Coral
Reefs (ISSN 0722-4028), v. 16, Suppl S, p. S39-S46. 1997.
The tropical eastern Pacific region has historically been characterized as devoid of coral reefs. The
physical conditions of the region are apparently not conducive to reef growth: low temperatures, low
salinity, and high nutrient loads. But recent work has demonstrated persistent coral growth in some
locations at relatively high accretion rates, dating at least 5600 y before present. Coral reefs of the
eastern Pacific are typically small (a few hectares), with discontinuous distribution and low species
diversity. On a global scale, the eastern Pacific reefs may be considered minimum examples of coral
reefs, as they have developed in possibly one of the most restrictive environments in the history of coral
reefs. Disturbances are frequent, bioerosion intense, and recovery seems to be extremely slow. There is
a general paucity of fossil corals and reefs on the American Pacific coast, probably due to the low
preservation potential. In this review, distinct characteristics of the eastern Pacific and its coral reefs are
highlighted. These factors make the region one of the smallest natural marine laboratories to study coral
community structure and function on a regional level. The eastern Pacific is not only a testing ground for
biological theory, but it is also a laboratory for paleoclimatic and oceanographic reconstruction.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3481. BINA-536.
Publicación No.: 161 Biodiversidad marina de Costa Rica: Filo Cnidaria [Costa Rican marine
biodiversity: Phylum Cnidaria] / Cortés-Núñez, J. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología y
CIMAR, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR <E-mail: jcortes@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Revista de Biología
Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 45, no. 1B, p. 323-334. 1997.
This paper, on the current knowledge of the marine biodiversity of Costa Rica, covers the Phylum
Cnidaria. A total of 215 species are reported for Costa Rica. Four of these species are endemic to Cocos
Island. The Class Hydrozoa is represented by 69 species in 49 genera, 30 families, and eight orders. The
Order Siphonophora is the most diverse with 27 species. Only one genus of the Class Cubozoa and three
species of the Class Scyphozoa have been identified, though there are many more species on both
coasts. The Class Anthozoa is represented by 142 species in 77 genera, 26 families, seven orders, and
three subclasses. The Order Scleractinia has the most species, 87. Of the 215 Cnidarian species reported
here, 87 are from the Caribbean, and 127 from the Pacific. Only one species, Physalia physalis is
common to both coasts of Costa Rica. We possibly know only about half the species of the Phylum
Cnidaria present in Costa Rica, based on unidentified specimens and personal observations.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3501.
Publicación No.: 162 Chriolepis atrimelum (Gobiidae) a new species of gobiid fish from Isla del
Coco, Costa Rica [Chriolepis atrimelum (Gobiidae) una especie nueva de pez góbiido de la Isla del
Coco, Costa Rica] / Bussing-Burhaus, W.A. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología & Centro de
Investigación
en
Ciencias
del
Mar
y
Limnología
(CIMAR),
San
José,
CR
<E-mail:
wbussing@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 45, no. 4, p.
1547-1552. 1997.
A new species of seven-spined goby is described from the Pacific in deep water off Isla del Coco. The
species displays characteristics intermediate between amphiamerican species of the genus Chriolepis
and species of the Atlantic genus Varicus, both of which also lack head pores. The holotype and only
known specimen of Chriolepis atrimelum is distinguished from its congeners by the completely scaled
body, including chest and belly; the greatly extended first three dorsal-fin spines of the male; the long
dorsal and anal fins; and the large black opercular blotch.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
137
Publicación No.: 163 The pholcid spiders of Costa Rica (Araneae: Pholcidae) [Las arañas fólcidas
de Costa Rica (Araneae: Pholcidae)] / Huber, B.A. (Zoological Research Institute and Museum Alexander
Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, DE <E-mail: b.huber.zfmk@uni-bonn.de>). In: Revista de
Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 45, no. 4, p. 1583-1634. 1997.
Recent studies on the pholcid fauna of Central America have elevated the number of known Costa Rican
species from 11 to 28 in only two years. The present paper summarizes the scattered literature and adds
two new species as well as three undescribed species, bringing the total number to 33 species
representing seven genera. An illustrated key is presented. An annotated list summarizes the
information available about taxonomy, morphology and natural history of all known Costa Rican
pholcids. The two new species are Anopsicus tico n.sp. from the Central Valley, and Physocyclus
guanacaste n.sp. from the Santa Rosa National Park, Guanacaste. The male of Metagonia hondura
Huber, 1997 is described and illustrated for the first time. Old pholcid records from Costa Rica are
discussed, and types of unsufficiently well described species are redescribed, including all previously
known Costa Rican Anopsicus species (A. chiriqui Gertsch, 1982; A. concinnus Gertsch, 1982; A. facetus
Gertsch, 1982; A. turrialba Gertsch, 1982) as well as Metagonia osa Gertsch, 1986 and M. selva Gertsch,
1986. New localities are given for twelve species; of these, four are new for Costa Rica: Anopsicus
chiriqui Gertsch, 1982; 'Coryssocnemis' viridescens Kraus, 1955; Physocyclus globosus (Taczanowski,
1873); and Smeringopus pallidus (Blackwall, 1858). The genera Coryssocnemis Simon, 1893 and
Smeringopus Simon, 1890 are new for Costa Rica. It is argued that carefully directed collecting in
certain areas and habitats will probably lead to a further considerable increase in known species.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 164 Holocene reef history in the eastern Pacific: mainland Costa Rica, Caño
Island, Cocos Island, and Galápagos Islands [Historia de los arrecifes del Holoceno en el Pacífico
oriental: Costa Rica continental, Isla del Caño, Isla del Coco e Islas Galápagos] / Macintyre, I.G.; Glynn,
P.W.; Cortés-Núñez, J. (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Department of
Paleobiology,
Washington,
DC
20560,
US
<E-mail:
pglynn@rsmas.miami.edu>
<E-mail:
jcortes@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). Proceedings of the Seventh International Coral Reef Symposium, Guam
US. 1992. Mangilao: University of Guam Press, 1993. v. 2, p. 1174-1184.
Field investigations including core drilling and surface excavations confirm that reef growth in the
eastern Pacific occurs mainly in thin veneers with inherited relief from non-carbonat substrates. The
largest accumulations occur only in near-shore areas protected from sporadic sever El Niño warming
events and seasonal cool upwelling pulses, such as the semi-enclosed waters of Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica,
the site of a 9-m thick fringing reef. This dominantly Pocillopora damicornis and Porites lobata reef was
established about 5,500 years B.P., and after little initial growth, flourished until 500 B.P., when
changing river outflow patterns and the more recent deforestation of adjacent coasts created siltation
stress that was fatal to most of the corals. In contrast, reefs around the offshore island of Caño, have
only a thin (1.0 m) Pocillopora damicornis framework cover, which yielded a maximum age of about
2,000 years B.P. Individual large colonies of Porites lobata form microatolls on the reef flat (maximum
age 370±60 yrs. B.P.) and large colonies with up to 3-m relief on the fore-reef slope (maximum age
450±50 yrs. B.P.). This pattern of veneer reef framework and massive individual coral colonies also
occurs in open-water settings off Cocos Island, where the maximum age recorded form a 3-m high
Porites lobata colony was 430±80 yrs. B.P., and the Galápagos Islands, where the largest Pavona
gigantea colony sampled (2.15 m) yielded a radiocarbon date of 420±60 yrs. B.P.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3488.
Publicación No.: 165 Biodiversidad marina de Costa Rica: Orden Stomatopoda (Crustacea:
Hoplocarida) [Costa Rican marine biodiversity: Order Stomatopoda (Crustacea: Hoplocarida)] /
Vargas-Castillo, R.; Cortés-Núñez, J. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología, Museo de
Zoología
y
CIMAR,
San
José,
CR
<E-mail:
ritav@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>
<E-mail:
jcortes@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 45, no. 4, p. 15311539. 1997.
Thirty five species of stomatopod crustaceans are reported for Costa Rica including the following
information: specimens present at the Museo de Zoología, Universidad de Costa Rica, habitat, previous
reports for Costa Rica, and distribution. Five species from the Caribbean coast, thirty from the Pacific
coast; of these, five are new records for the Caribbean coast (Neogonadactylus oerstedii (Hansen,
1895); Pseudosquilla ciliata (Fabricius, 1787); Pseudosquilla oculata (Brullé, 1836-44); Lysiosquilla
glabriuscula (Lamarck, 1818) and Squilla empusa Say, 1818), one for Isla del Coco (Coronida schmitti
Manning, 1976) and one for the mainland Pacific coast of Costa Rica (Pseudosquilla adiastalta Manning,
1964).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3494.
Publicación No.: 166 A review of Scolytodes Ferrari (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) associated with
Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) in the northern Neotropics [Revisión de Scolytodes Ferrari (Coleoptera:
Scolytidae) asociado con Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) en el norte neotropical] / Jordal, B.H. (University of
Bergen. Institute of Zoology, Allègaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, NW). In: Journal of Natural History (ISSN
0022-2933), v. 32, p. 31-84. 1998.
The taxonomy of Cecropia-associated Scolytodes (tribe Ctenophorini) is reviewed. Five species are
described as new to science: S. borealis (Nicaragua to Mexico), S. caudatus (Costa Rica), S. hondurensis
(Honduras), S. pacificus (Isla del Coco) and S. suspectus (Panama). Scolytodes acuminatus Wood and S.
punctifer Wood are elevated to species status. Scolytodes obscurus (Wood) is recorded from Central
138
America and S. ovalis (Eggers) from Venezuela and Panama for the first time. Keys to adults of all
associated species are provided. New character states for Scolytodes include a five-segmented antenal
funiculus in some small species and that the two most distally placed, lateral teeth of the protibiae are of
socketed origin, although embedded in cuticle. A tentative phylogenetic analysis indicated that some
species associated wih Cecropia leafstalks had ancestors breeding in Cecropia branches. At least seven
independent adaptive lines, however, could be traced into Cecropia indicating that the last common
ancestor of the species treated herein, did not breed in Cecropia. However, several clades consisting of
possible sister species which are parapatrically distributed, indicated that dispersal and subsequent
speciation have taken place after the hypothesised ancestors evolved breeding in leafstalks.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3619.
Publicación No.: 167 Historia del campo geomagnético de Costa Rica [Geomagnetic field history
of Costa Rica] / Páez-Portuguez, J.; Jiménez, M.; Leandro, G. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de
Física, San José, CR). In: Ciencia y Tecnología (ISSN 0378-052X), v. 19, no. 1-2, p. 53-78. 1995.
The study of the geomagnetic field began with the publication of the book De Magnete (1600) of Sir
William Gilbert (1540-1603). By influence of Sir Edmund Halley the British Marine is obligated to make
measurements of the declination of the magnetic field wherever theirs ships go. Thus, Sir Edward
Belcher measured it at the Cocos Island on board of the British ship Sulphur on April 3, 1838, it gave a
value of 8°23'49" East. At the end of last century and at the beginning of this one, Henri Pittier did a
sort of measurements of the magnetic declination of Costa Rica, thus allowing the publication of the first
isogonic chart of Costa Rica for the year 1901. But it is not until 1965 wen Gutiérrez Braun published a
more actualized isogonic chart. In 1978 G. Leandro and J. Páez did the more sustained effort to get a
detailed data of the magnetic field of Costa Rica, allowing the chart of 1978, actualized afterward by G.
Leandro in 1984.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S4263.
Publicación No.: 168 Ascomyceten auf der epiphyllen Radula flaccida (Hepaticae) [Ascomycetes
on the epiphyllous Radula flaccida (Hepaticae)] / Döbbeler, P. (Universität München. Institut für
Systematische Botanik der Ludwig-Maximilians, Menzinger Straße 67, D-80638 München, DE <E-mail:
p.doebb@botanic.biologie.uni-muenchen.de>). In: Nova Hedwigia (ISSN 0029-5035), v. 66, no. 3/4, p.
325-373. 1998.
Comprehensive herbarium collections of the epiphyllous hepatic Radula flaccida (Jungermanniales) from
tropical America and Africa were studied in order to get an idea of the diversity of its bryophilous
ascomycetes. Eleven species of ascomycetes, representing 91 specimens in all, are reported based on 52
collections of the host from all parts of its bicontinental distribution area. The following taxa are treated:
Bryonectria gen. nov. (Hypocreales), Bryonectria sp., Bryothele mira gen. et sp. nov. (Dothideales),
Epibryon deceptor sp. nov., E. filiforme, E. hepaticola, E. hypophyllum, Hypobryon sp., Macentina
hepaticola, Nectria contraria sp. nov., N. gynophila sp. nov., Ticonectria perianthii gen. et sp. nov.
(Hypocreales). Five species hitherto classified in Calonectria and Nectria are combined into Bryonectria.
All species are keyed out, described in detail, discussed and illustrated (with the exception of Macentina
hepaticola). The Radula flaccida inhabiting ascomycetes form perithecia or perithecium-like ascocarps.
Small, light-coloured, gelatinous fruit-bodies predominate. The mycelia are surprisingly rich in
characters. With the exception of two species, which grow within the perianths and destroy the
developing sporophytes, the hosts are not (severely) damaged (biotrophic parasitism). Most of the
ascomycetes do not form their fruit-bodies randomly at the host surface, but prefer certain organs or
regions, e.g. The border of the protected ventral leaf sides. Vegetative propagation of the fungi via
hyphae-infected gemmae of the host probably plays a greater role. The most frequent species occupying
vide ranges within the host area are Epibryon deceptor with 18, E. filiforme with 21 and E. hypophyllum
with 19 records. A single East African collection of the host yielded eight species of bryophilous
ascomycetes (including a lichen), more than were previously known on the entire continent. Only half of
the diversity of the mycota of Radula flaccida might actually be known. Presumably, every herbarium
collection of R. flaccida is, on the average, attacked by at least one ascomycete forming fruit-bodies.
Presently, Radula is the most suitable host genus of all hepatics with 18 recorded species of
ascomycetes.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3633.
Publicación No.: 169 Notes on "Lichenes Foliicoli Exsiccati", Fascicles I-VI / Lücking, R.
(Universität Bayreuth. Lehrstuhl für Pflanzensystematic, D-95447 Bayreuth, DE <E-mail:
rlucking@hotmail.com>). In: Abstracta Botanica (ISSN 0133-6215), v. 21, no. 1, p. 89-98. 1997.
The exsiccate "Lichenes Foliicoli Exsiccati", edited by the author, is introduced. Up to the present, six
fascicles, comprising 150 numbers, have been distributed, two in 1993, and four in 1995, including nine
isotypes and three collections originating from type localities. Each fascicle is compiled under a certain
topic, e.g. primary forests (Fasc. I), open vegetation (Fasc. IV), island floras (Fasc. VI), and species
pairs (Fasc. V). Fasc. II and III are dedicated to Sieghard Winkler and Rolf Santesson, respectively. The
150 numbers represent 19 species in 44 genera, thus 20% (species) or 60% (genera) of the presently
known world-wide diversity.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3595. LC.
Publicación No.: 170 Lista preliminar de líquenes foliícolas de las principales áreas protegidas
de Costa Rica [Preliminary checklist of foliicolous lichens of the principal areas of Costa Rica] / Lücking,
R. (Universität Bayreuth. Lehrstuhl für Pflanzensystematic, D-95447 Bayreuth, DE <E-mail:
rlucking@hotmail.com>). In: Brenesia (ISSN 0304-3711), no. 43-44, p. 39-46. 1995.
139
An preliminary checklist of foliicolous lichens of the principal protected areas of Costa Rica is presented.
282 species in 52 genera are involved, distributed among 19 seleted areas of different protection status
(national parks, biological reserves, national wildlife refuges, forest reserves, national monuments and
private protection zones). The following areas are most important for the protection of foliicolous
lichens: Braulio Carrillo National Park, Carara Biological Reserve, Chirripo National Park, Cocos Island
National Park, Corcovado National Park, Hitoy Cerere Biological Reserve, La Selva Protection Zone, and
Tortuguero National Park.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3592.
Publicación No.: 171 Organismos de los arrecifes coralinos de Costa Rica: descripción,
distribución geográfica e historia natural de los corales zooxantelados (Anthozoa:
Scleractinia) del Pacífico [Organisms of Costa Rican coral reefs: description, geographic distribution
and natural history of Pacific xooxantellate corals (Anthozoa: Scleractinia)] / Cortés-Núñez, J.; GuzmánEspinal, H.M. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología y CIMAR, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR
<E-mail: jcortes@biologia.ucr.ac.cr> <E-mail: guzmanh@naos.si.edu>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical
(ISSN 0034-7744), v. 46, no. 1, p. 55-92. 1998.
Twenty two species of zooxanthellate scleractinian corals from the Pacific of Costa Rica are described
and illustrated with macrophotographs. Keys to the genera and species are included. Their geographic
distributions in Costa Rica and world-wide are noted, as well as aspects of the natural history of the
species. Sixteen species have wide distributions, from the Red Sea or Indian Ocean to the Pacific coast
of America, two species are endemic to the eastern Pacific, four species are found only in the Pacific
Ocean; there are no species in common with the Caribbean-Atlantic. Two species, Leptoseris scabra and
Pavona xarifea, are new records for the Eastern Pacific.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 172 Notes on the neotropical spider genus Modisimus (Pholcidae: Araneae),
with descriptions of thirteen new species from Costa Rica and neighboring countries [Apuntes
sobre el género neotropical de arañas Modisimus (Pholcidae: Araneae), con descripciones de trece
nuevas especies de Costa Rica y países vecinos] / Huber, B.A. (Zoological Research Institute and
Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, DE <E-mail: b.huber.zfmk@uni-bonn.de>).
In: The Journal of Arachnology (ISSN 0161-8202), v. 26, no. 1, p. 19-60. 1998.
Notes on the morphology and natural history of Central American Modisimus species are given. Thirteen
new species from Costa Rica, Panama and Nicaragua are described. This highlights the greatly
underestimated diversity of the genus in the region (only one species has previously been recorded from
Costa Rica). New names are: Modisimus bribri new species, M. cahuita new species, M. caldera new
species, M. coco new species, M. dominical new species, M. guatuso new species, M. madreselva new
species, M. nicaraguensis new species, M. pittier new species, M. sanvito new species, M. sarapiqui new
species, M. selvanegra new species and M. tortuguero new species. Seven further species of the genus
are redescribed in order to ascertain their distinctiveness from the new species: M. dilutus Gertsch 1941
and M. pulchellus Banks 1929 from Panama, M. inornatus Cambridge 1895, M. maculatipes Cambridge
1895, M. putus Cambridge 1895 (which is newly synonymized with M. maculatipes), M. propinquus
Cambridge 1896 from Mexico and M. texanus Banks 1906 from Texas.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2168.
Publicación No.: 173 The genus Cyclolejeunea A. Evans (Hepaticae, Lejeuneaceae) in Costa
Rica [El género Cyclolejeunea A. Evans (Hepaticae, Lejeuneaceae) en Costa Rica] / Bernecker-Lücking,
A. (Universität Ulm. Abteilung für Systematische Botanik und Oëkologie, Albert-Enstein-Allee 11, D89069
Ulm,
DE
<E-mail:
andrea.bernecker@biologie.uni-ulm.de>
<E-mail:
aberneck@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Phyton: Annales Rei Botanicae (ISSN 0079-2047), v. 38, no. 1, p.
175-193. 1998.
The genus Cyclolejeunea in Costa Rica is treated from the taxonomical point of view. There are five
representatives of this genus in Costa Rica. C. convexistipa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) A. Evans is easily
recognized by its undivided rounded underleaves. C. chitonia (Taylor) A. Evans is the largest species
with short emarginate underleaves, whereas in all of the other species the underleaves are deeply bifid.
The margin of the lateral leaves is dentate in C. peruviana (Lehm. & Lindenb.) A. Evans and crenulate to
serrulate by conical papillose cells in C. luteola (Spruce) Grolle and C. accedens (Gottsche) A. Evans. The
latter one is additionally characterized by the absence of ocelli. High variability of morphological
characters and their dependence on microlimatic conditions, especially water availability is discussed. A
key to the species is provided.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S4372.
Publicación No.: 174 Rediscovery and description of the flounder Syacium maculiferum
(Garman, 1899): an endemic species of Cocos Island, Costa Rica (Pleuronectiformes,
Paralichthyidae) / van der Heiden, A.M.; Mitchell, R. (Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y
Desarrollo. Ac Unidad Mazatlán Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental, Mazatlán 82000, Sinaloa, MX). In:
Copeia (ISSN 0045-8511), v. 1998, no. 3, p. 753-758. 1998.
The brief, original description without illustration of Syacium maculiferum (originally under Citharichthys)
by Garman (1899) was based on two specimens collected near Cocos Island, Costa Rica. No additional
specimens of this species were known until recently when the first collections of the Zoological Museum
of the University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica (UCR); all specimens were taken off Cocos Island,
between 1972 and 1994. Based on the study of the type specimens and the newly discovered material,
140
we expand the description of the species, give an account of its secondary sexual dimorphism, and
compare it with its closest eastern Pacific congeners.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3873. NBINA-2826.
Publicación No.: 175 A birders guide to Costa Rica [Guía para pajareros en Costa Rica] / Taylor, K.
San José: World Wildlife Fund, 1990. 167 pp.
Picture graceful, tall mountains, their tips wreathed in clouds, their slopes enveloped by majestic trees;
imagine sprawling inland valleys of lush green meadows with rushing rivers and arching waterfalls;
aquamarine water lapping glistening beaches; balmy breezes cascading over the stunning plateaus, and
down below the dense jungle whitens in a blanket of mist and steam; conjure upa vision of a population
whose smiles reveal their inner happiness and pride in their land, Costa Rica. Costa Rica, with a land
mass of about 19,700 square miles (comparable with West Virginia's) has produced 855 bird species,
more than all of North America. The avifauna are predominantly neotropical, with the majority native
species of South American origin and a smaller percentage of Mexican and Northern Central American
origin. More than 8,000 species of higher plants live in this tropical showcase; 1,700 species of Costa
Rican orchids have been classified. Among its 237 species of mammals are three-toed sloths, four
species of monkeys, giant anteaters, tapirs, peccaries, jaguars, and humpback whales. Costa Rica, "The
Switzerland of Central America", is both a tourist's delight and a birders paradise. It is a small, stable
country, with friendly and hospitable people, a prosperous middle class, fine educational system and
good hospitals. There is a high standard of health, and one does not have to worry about sanitation,
food, or water, as in neighbouring countries. (Introduction part).
Localización: Biblioteca del BIODOC: 98.297.286 T238b.
Publicación No.: 176 Preliminary observations on bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, at
Isla del Coco, Costa Rica [Observaciones preliminares sobre los delfines nariz de botella, Tursiops
truncatus, en la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] / Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A.; Würsig, B. (Western Washington
University. Department of Biology, Bellingham, WA 98225-9160, US <E-mail: acevedo@biol.wwu.edu>).
In: Aquatic Mammals (ISSN 0167-5427), v. 17, no. 3, p. 148-151. 1991.
Here, we report preliminary observations on the behaviour of this species around Isla del Coco. This
study is part of a larger comparative study on feeding strategies and their influence on the group
structure of bottlee dolphins.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6709.
Publicación No.: 177 Group feeding in bottlenose dolphins at Isla del Coco, Costa Rica: Interspecific interactions with prey and other hunters [Alimentación en grupo de los delfines nariz de
botella en la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica: Interacciones interespecíficas con la presa y otros cazadores] /
Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A. (Western Washington University. Department of Biology, Bellingham, WA 982259160, US <E-mail: acevedo@biol.wwu.edu>). Galveston, TX: The Texas A&M University, 1997. 92 p.
Dissertation, Ph.D, The Texas A&M University, Marine Mammal Research Program, Galveston, TX 77551
(USA).
A 14-month study was conducted to indirectly test the prey-herding hypothesis in bottlenose dolphins
(Tursiops truncatus) at Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Four predictions arise from this hypothesis: (1)
dolphins will herd prey into a clump near the surface; (2) dolphins will keep prey clumped near the
surface; (3) large dolphin groups will herd prey more successfully than small groups; and (4) dolphins
will increase numbers when prey require herding. I utilized dolphin feeding activities as indicaors of prey
location and clumping. Based on underwater observations of feeding episodes, an alternative hypothesis
was induced a posteriori by modeling dolphin per capita food intake relative to group size and presence
of hunters from other species. Data consisted of 149 feeding bouts from 65 groups. In addition, there
were 34 group size sequences between before-feeding and feeding activities. In 94% of feeding episodes
dolphins hunted in groups (N = 90). In all instances dolphins fed on epipelagic schooling fish, which was
identified in four cases as Carangoides orthogrammus, Fodiator sp., and either Sarda sp. or Auxis sp.
Four feeding activities were defined; they were related to prey clumping and location. The transition
probabilities between clumping and location of feeding activities were defined; they were realted to prey
clumping and location. The transition probabilities between clumpling and location of feeding activities
were significantly lower than expected by chance, suggesting that dolphins did not herd prey. When the
data were partitioned by group size, the conclusions based on transitions between feeding activities
remained unaltered. Although dolphins were recruited to feeding groups, increases in group size were
not significantly related to clumping and location of prey. In 82% of the dolphin feeding episodes
observed underwater (N = 22), silky sharks (Carcharhinus falciformis) and/ or yellowfin tuna (Thunnus
albacaes) were also present. The model predicts that dolphins feeding on clumped prey near the surface
should feed in small groups if sharks are absent and in large groups if sharks are present. Under the
demographic and ecological conditions of this study, the function of group feeding did not appear to be
herbind fish into clumps near the surface. An alternative hypothesis that individuals benefit from group
defense of food against potential competitors should be further examined.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 178 Rediscovery and range extension of the Galapagos "endemic"
Pachycheles velerae (Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae) [Redescubrimiento y extensión de
ámbito de Pachycheles velerae (Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae) "endémica" de las islas Galápagos]
/ Harvey, A.W. (Georgia Southern University. Department of Biology, Statesboro, GA 30460, US <Email: aharvey@gsaix2.cc.gasou.edu>). In: Journal of Crustacean Biology (ISSN 0278-0372), v. 18, no.
4, p. 746-752. 1998.
141
Pachycheles velerae, formerly known only from an immature, recently molted female from the
Galapagos Islands, is redescribed from additional material from Cocos Island, Costa Rica. This distinctive
species is easily recognized by the strongly projecting teeth on the anterior margin of the cheliped
carpus, the complex pattern of longitudinal and transverse ridges and granules on the dorsal surface of
the cheliped carpus, the projecting, trilobate front, and setose pereiopods. A new morphological feature
is described, an enlarged antennal membrane with a basal flap; though not previously reported, this
structure appears to be present to varying degrees in other porcelain crabs. With the discovery of P.
velerae from Cocos Island, the porcelain crab fauna of the Galapagos Islands loses its only strictly
endemic taxon, but strengthens its already significant relationship to the porcellanid fauna of other
eastern Pacific oceanic islands.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8536.
Publicación No.: 179 Notes on Neotropical Selaginella (Selaginellaceae), including new
species from Panama [Apuntes sobre Selaginella Neotropicales (Selaginellaceae), incluyendo nuevas
especies de Panamá] / Valdespino, I.A. (New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, US). In:
Brittonia (ISSN 0007-196X), v. 45, no. 4, p. 315-327. 1993.
Four species are here reported from Costa Rica for the first time: Selaginella disticha Mickel & Beitel
(Tapantí region), S. erythropus (Mart.) Spring (Turrialba region and Valle de El General), S. porelloides
(Lam.) Spring (Cocos Island and Sarapiquí region), and S. simplex Baker (between Alajuela and Grecia,
Valle Central).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: B. S9328. NBINA-2927. LC.
Publicación No.: 180 Key areas for threatened birds in the Neotropics [Areas claves para aves
amenazadas en los Neotrópicos] / Wege, D.C.; Long, A.J. Cambridge: BirdLife International, 1995. p.
155-161. (BirdLife Conservation Series; no. 5). ISBN: 1-56098-529-1.
Costa Rica, like neighbouring Panama, is part of the land-bridge between the very different avifaunas of
North and South America, and in consequence a disproportionately large number of bird species, c.850,
have been recorded from this small country (50,900 km²) and its territorial waters including Cocos
Island. The species total includes c.600 permanent residents and more than 200 regular migrants
(primarily from breeding areas in North America). Six species are endemic to the country, 78 have
restricted ranges and four are threatened. This analysis has identified 14 Key Areas for the threatened
birds in Costa Rica. THREATENED BIRDS: Four Costa Rican species were considered at risk of extinction
by Collar et al. (1992), one of which, Amazilia boucardi, is confined to the country. Both A. boucardi and
Carpodectes antoniae are dependent on mangroves, the other two threatened birds (and C. antoniae, at
least seasonally) relying on wet forest. All four are found primarily in the lowland tropical zone (0-500
in), with Cephalopterus glabricollis breeding in the subtropical zone (up to 2,000 in), and all four are
threatened by loss of habitat. The distributions of these four threatened birds and their relationship to
Endemic Bird Areas are shown in Figure 1. KEY AREAS: The 14 Costa Rican Key Areas would, if
adequately protected, help ensure the conservation of all four of the country's threatened species-always
accepting that important new populations and areas may yet be found. Eight of these areas are
important for two threatened birds, although each Key Area is vitally important for the conservation of
the threatened species and habitats that it supports. Just one threatened bird, Amazilia boucardi, is
endemic to Costa Rica, and is thus totally reliant for its survival on the integrity of the mangroves in the
seven Key Areas from which it is known. Although Cephalopterus glabricollis appears to be well
represented in Costa Rican Key Areas, these are primarily within its breeding grounds, and the species
remains relatively exposed when in its winter quarters. The large number of Key Areas selected for
Amazilia boucardi and Carpodectes antoniae reflects the importance that each of these areas potentially
has for the continued survival of the two species. KEY AREA PROTECTION: Costa Rica has placed more
than 8% of its territory in National Parks and equivalent Reserves, and indeed eight (57%) of the Key
Areas currently have some form of protected status, four as National Parks or Biological Reserves (IUCN
categories I and II). Outside Costa Rica's protected areas, however, the natural habitats and birds are
increasingly threatened, and it is even questionable whether the Parks and Reserves will survive as
pressure on the land becomes more intense. Thus, effective management is required of activities
undertaken within protected Key Areas, but for the six Key Areas (43% of the total) that are currently
unprotected attention in the form of appropriate conservation measures is perhaps more urgent if the
populations of their threatened species are to survive. All four threatened species are present within at
least two protected Key Areas. RECENT CHANGES TO THE THREATENED LIST: With the publication of
Collar et al. (1994), seven species (Military Macaw Ara militaris, Cocos Cuckoo Coccyzus ferrugineus,
Turquoise Cotinga Cotinga ridgwayi, Three-wattled Bellbird Procnias tricarunculata, Cocos Flycatcher
Nesotriccus ridgwayi, Cocos Finch Pinaroloxias inornata and Blackcheeked Ant-tanager Habia
atrimaxillaris) were added to the Costa Rican threatened species list, with Keel-billed Motmot Electron
carinatum being relegated to Near Threatened status; the additional species have not, however, been
included in the Site Inventory. Three of these recently added species are endemic to Cocos Island and
were reclassified (on the basis of new criteria) owing to their ranges being less than 100 km². With three
threatened species in such a small area, Cocos Island, which is not currently covered in the Key Area
analysis, should in future be considered a high priority for bird conservation. With the exception of Ara
militaris (which may be sympatric with Cephalopterus glabricollis during the non-breeding season), the
mainland species added in Collar et al. (1994) are each broadly sympatric with the species considered in
this analysis, and thus will not have any major impact on the Key Area analysis, although each species
should be considered in future conservation strategies or initiatives. OLD RECORDS AND LITTLE-KNOWN
BIRDS: Each of the four threatened species has been relatively regularly and recently (1980s and
1990s) recorded from Costa Rica. However, this disguises the fact that each bird remains poorly known.
142
The status, population and even the distribution of Amazilia boucardi, for example, are poorly known,
both within the Key Areas and in mangrove areas where its presence is to be expected (e.g. CR 09 Río
Sierpe and CR 14 Río Coto). The ecological requirements of Carpodectes antoniae, especially those
related to seasonal movements and breeding, are essentially unknown, but urgently need elucidation if
its conservation is to be assured. Likewise, Cephalopterus glabricollis migrates to the Caribbean lowlands
outside the breeding season, but very few precise areas are currently known. OUTLOOK: Each of the 14
Key Areas in Costa Rica would, if adequately protected, help ensure the survival of the country's four
threatened species. The guaranteed integrity of the areas currently under some form of protection is
essential, but increasing this protection to currently unprotected Key Areas such as those supporting two
threatened species would increase the likelihood of long-term survival for each species. Therefore, the
protection of at least Volcán Tenorio and Bijagua (CR 02), Parrita-Palo Seco (CR 08) and Puerto Jiménez
(CR 12) would be desirable. Surveys are urgently required to determine the status, distribution and
ecological requirements of Amazilia boucardi and Carpodectes antoniae, both within the appropriate Key
Areas and in as-yet-unsurveyed mangroves.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 598.090 W411k.
Publicación No.: 181 The genus Epidendrum, Part 2: "A second century of new species in
Epidendrum" [El género Epidendrum, Parte 2: "Una segunda centuria de nuevas especies en
Epidendrum"] / Hágsater, E, (ed.).; Sánchez-Saldaña, L, (ed.).; García-Cruz, J.; Hágsater, E.; Dodson,
C.H.; Sánchez-Saldaña, L.; García-Castro, J.B.; Ortiz-Valdivieso, P.; Salazar, G.A.; Cremers, G.;
Ackerman, J.D.; Paiva-Castro Neto, V. (Herbario Asociación Mexicana de Orquideología, Apartado Postal
53-123, México, D.F. 11320, MX <E-mail: herbamo@prodigy.net.mx>). In: Icones Orchidacearum (ISSN
0188-4018), Fasc. 3, Part 2, plates 301-400. 1999.
Describen numerosas especies de orquídeas del género Epidendrum colectadas en Costa Rica, con
indicación de los herbarios en donde están depositados los holotipos, isotipos, etc., su distribución
geográfica, ecología, características para su reconocimiento, estado de conservación y etimología.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 584.15 I15fasc3.
Publicación No.: 182 Biodiversity conservation in Mesoamerica [Conservación de la biodiversidad
en Mesoamérica] / Boza-Loría, M.A.; Hatch, L.U, (ed.).; Swisher, M.E, (ed.). (The Leatherback Trust
Fideicomiso Baulas, Ap. 11046, 1000 San José, CR <E-mail: ecoamericas@amnet.co.cr>). In: Managed
Ecosystems: The Mesoamerican Experience. Hatch, L.U.; Swisher, M.E. (eds.) New York: Oxford
University Press, 1999. p. 51-60. ISBN: 0-19-510-260-6.
This chapter refers to the present problems of the protected areas that preserve a high percentage of
the biodiversity in Mesoamerica. A book about possible solutions to many of these problems has been
published in Spanish with a summary in English: Biodiversidad y Desarrollo en Mesoamérica (San José,
Costa Rica: Proyecto Paseo Pantera, M.A. Boza, 1994, 240 pp.). This publication can be acquired by
writing to Dr. Archie Carr, Regional Coordinator, Wildlife Conservation Society, 4424 NW 13th Street,
Suite A-2, Gainesville, FL 32609.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S4743.
Publicación No.: 183 Inventario de los humedales de Costa Rica / Córdoba-Muñoz, R, (ed.).;
Romero-Araya, J.C, (ed.).; Windevoxhel-Lora, N.J, (ed.). (Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología
& CIMAR, San José 2060, CR <E-mail: rocio.cordoba@orma.iucn.org>)./ UICN, Oficina Regional para
Mesoamérica / MINAE / SINAC / Embajada Real de los Países Bajos, San José, CR. San José: UICN /
MINAE / SINAC / Embajada Real de los Países Bajos, 1998. 380 p. ISBN: 9968-743-21-6.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca Conmemorativa Orton: 333.918097286 I62; Biblioteca UICN-Mesoamérica:
8620.
Publicación No.: 184 Flora Costaricensis. Family #39 Orchidaceae: Tribe Maxillarieae:
Subtribes Maxillariinae and Oncidiinae / Atwood, J.T.; Mora-Monge de Retana, D.E.; Burger, W.C,
(ed.). (The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens. Orchid Identification Center, 811 South Palm Ave, Sarasota,
FL 34236, US <E-mail: atwood@virtu.sar.usf.edu>). In: Fieldiana. Botany (ISSN 0015-0746), New
Series, no. 40. 1999.
For the family Orchidaceae, keys are given to the genera of Tribe Maxillariinae (Subtribes Maxillariinae
and Oncidiinae), with descriptions of genera and species found in Costa Rica with taxonomic notes on
each species.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: F.
Publicación No.: 185 Brachyuran crabs of Cocos Island (Isla del Coco), Costa Rica:
Leucosiidae, Calappidae, and Parthenopidae, with descriptions of two new species [Cangrejos
brachiuros de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica: Leucosiidae, Calappidae y Parthenopidae, con descripciones
de dos nuevas especies] / Zimmerman, T.L.; Martin, J.W. (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles
County. Research & Collecting Branch, 900 Exposit Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90007, US <E-mail:
jmartin@nhm.org>). In: Journal of Crustacean Biology (ISSN 0278-0372), v. 19, no. 3, p. 643-668.
1999.
Recent additions from Cocos Island, Costa Rica, to the collections of the Natural History Museum of Los
Angeles County have increased the number of species in the brachyuran crab families Leucosiidae,
Calappidae, and Parthenopidae known from the island from 4 to 10. Two of these are described:
Thyrolambrus verrucibrachium, new species, and Osachila kaiserae, new species. Review of all material
in the LACM collections for these species has resulted in range extensions and increases in the known
143
maximum size for several of the species. The increase in species richness suggested by these collections
may make Cocos the most speciose single island in the eastern Pacific, after the remaining crab families
are studied. The zoogeographic relatedness of the oceanic islands of the eastern Pacific is supported,
and the link between Cocos and the Revillagigedo Islands is strengthened.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6418.
Publicación No.: 186 A new species of Coelostathma Clemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from
Cocos Island, Costa Rica, with comments on the phylogenetic significance of abdominal dorsal
pits in Sparganothini [Una nueva especie de Coelostathma Clemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) de la
Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, con comentarios sobre el significado filogenético de los hoyos abdominales
dorsales en la tribu Sparganothini] / Brown, J.W.; Miller, S.E. (National Museum of Natural History,
USDA / ARS, Psi, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20560, US <E-mail:
jbrown@sel.barc.usda.gov>). In: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington (ISSN 00138797), v. 101, no. 4, p. 701-707. 1999.
The entomofauna of Cocos Island, Costa Rica, includes nearly 100 species of Lepidoptera, among which
are 13 species of Tortricidae, most of which are endemic. One of these, Coelostathma insularis, new
species, is described and illustrated. The new species is most similar to C. binotata (Walsingham) from
Mexico among described species. The genus Coelostathma Clemens is redescribed, and a lectotype is
designated for C. binotata. The shared possession of abdominal dorsal pits in Coelostathma Clemens,
Amorbia Clemens, and Aesicopa Zeller suggests a close phylogenetic relationship among these genera
within Sparganothini; the variably modified subdorsal pits in Sparganopseustis Powell and Lambert may
or may not be homologous with those of the other genera.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6327. NBINA-2694.
Publicación No.: 187 The Okeanos Aggressor: Cocos Island bound for high voltage diving /
Cardone, B.J. In: Skin Diver (ISSN 0037-6345), v. 45, no. 12, p. 30, 142+. 1996.
The 120-ft-long Okeanos Aggessor makes an excellent diving platform from which to explore the water
around Cocos Island National Park, which lies 250 mi off Costa Rica's Pacific coast. The newly remodeled
ship is better than ever. It has a capacity for 22 and offers instruction, gear rentals, photo courses and
has its own photo center to provide guest utmost convenience at the lowest cost.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7793.
Publicación No.: 188 Chemistry, anatomy and morphology of follicolous species of Fellhanera
and Badimia (lichenized ascomycotina: Lecanorales) / Lücking, R.; Lumbsch, H.T.; Rix, J.A.
(Universität Bayreuth. Lehrstuhl für Pflanzensystematik, D-95447 Bayreuth, DE <E-mail:
rlucking@hotmail.com>). In: Botanica Acta (ISSN 0932-8629), v. 107, no. 6, p. 393-401. 1994.
A comparison of secondary chemistry and a variety of anatomical and morphological characters of
Fellhanera and Badimia (Pilocarpaceae) has been conducted in an effort to clarify the systematic position
of both genera. Based on our results we conclude that Fellhanera and Badimia are closely related and
separated mainly by the slightly different paraphyses, amyloid reactions of their asci, apothecial size,
and the presence or absence of campylidia. Fellhanera badimioides sp.n. is described, and the following
systematic changes are proposed: Badimia cateilea (Vain.) comb.n. B. lecanorina (Zahlbr.) comb.n., B.
tuckermanii (R.Sant.) comb.n. and Fellhanera stanhopeae (Müll. Arg.) comb.n.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S5196.
Publicación No.: 189 Bryophytes of Cocos Island, Costa Rica: diversity, biogeography and
ecology [Briófitas de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica: diversidad, biogeografía y ecología] / Dauphin-López,
G. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Apdo. 1031-7050, Cartago, CR <E-mail:
gregoriodauphin@hotmail.com>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 47, no. 3, p.
309-328. 1999.
A total of 98 liverwort species (43 genera, 10 families), 54 moss species (33 genera, 17 families) and
one species of hornwort have been reported for Cocos Island (5°32'N, 87°04'W), Costa Rica. Over 60%
of the bryophytes have a Neotropical or Pantropical distribution, about 10% are Caribbean, and less than
5% are endemic or subendemic. In comparison to the Galapagos Archipelago, Cocos Island harbors a
more typical tropical bryoflora with foliose hepatics (e. g. Lejeuneaceae, Lepidoziaceae) constituting the
bulk of diversity; fewer thallose liverworts and moss taxa as in the Archipelago were found. A richer
habitat variety including wet and dry habitats, as well as its bigger area, seem to account for the higher
number of bryophyte species in Galapagos Archipelago. Most bryophytes in Cocos Island are corticolous
(46%), the remaining are epiphyllous (25%), saxicolous (23%) or terrestrial (12%). Bryophyte
occurrence in eight plots (10 x 10 m) with 20 quadrates (30 x 30 cm) were recorded at different habitats
and altitudes (0-600 m). Bryophyte distribution within the island coincides with lowland forest (0-100
m), secondary lowland forest (0-200 m) and montane forest (to 600 m). Physantholejeunea
portoricensis (Hampe & Gott.) Schust. is reported as new to Costa Rica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 190 Aerial behavior is not a social facilitator in bottlenose dolphins hunting in
small groups [El comportamiento aéreo no es un facilitador social en pequeños grupos de caza de los
delfines nariz de botella] / Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A. (Western Washington University. Department of
Biology, Bellingham, WA 98225-9160, US <E-mail: acevedo@biol.wwu.edu>). In: Journal of
Mammalogy (ISSN 0022-2372), v. 80, no. 3, p. 768-776. 1999.
Two hypotheses that could explain the function of aerial behavior in dolphins feeding in large groups are:
it is a social facilitator that establishes social bonds before or after a hunt, or it aids in capture of prey.
144
To test which hypothesis best explains the function of aerial behavior in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops
truncatus) that hunt in small groups, I described the behavior of dolphins based on a set of predefined
parameters, estimated occurrence of aerial behavior in groups, estimated frequency of aerial behavior
per dolphin, described types of aerial behavior, and related these variables to size of group and
behavioral contexts: before-feeding, feeding, after-feeding, and non-feeding. Data were collected from
111 groups. Behavioral parameters were significantly different during feeding, with dolphins moving
faster and engaging in aerial behavior more often than in any other context. Aerial behavior per dolphin
and occurrence of aerial behavior were highest during feeding. Results did not support the socialfacilitation hypothesis. Although the aid-in-capture-of-prey hypothesis was favored, data showing a
positive correlation between intake of food by individuals and aerial behavior per dolphin are required as
conclusive evidence.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6707.
Publicación No.: 191 A revision of the eastern Pacific snake-eel genus Ophichthus
(Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) with the description of six new species [Revisión de las anguilas
del Pacífico oriental del género Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) con la descripción de seis
nuevas especies] / McCosker, J.E.; Rosenblatt, R.H. (California Academy of Sciences. Department of
Aquatic Biology, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, US). In: Proceedings of the California
Academy of Sciences (ISSN 0068-547X), v. 50, no. 19, p. 397-432. 1998.
The eastern Pacific species of the tropical snake-eel genus Ophichthus, family Ophichthidae, subfamily
Ophichthinae, are reviewed. An identification key, synonymies, diagnoses, and illustrations are provided
for each of the 11 species recognized: O. apachus n. sp. (from Mexico to Colombia), O. arneutes n. sp.
(Galapagos Islands), O. frontalis (Gulf of California to Panama), O. longipenis n. sp. (Mexico to Panama),
O. mecopterus n. sp. (Mexico to Costa Rica), O. melope n. sp. (Costa Rica to Colombia), O. remiger
(Nicaragua to Chile), O. rugifer (Galapagos and Cocos islands), O. tetratrema n. sp. (Costa Rica to
Ecuador), O. triserialis (California to Peru), and O. zophochir (California to Peru). The Galapagos and
Cocos islands endemic O. rugiferis recognized as distinct from O. triserialis. The status of all nominal
eastern Pacific species of Ophichthus is discussed. Characters useful for the study of ophichthid
phylogeny are compared and discussed. The following new synonymies are proposed: Ophichthys
(Herpetoichthys) ater, Ophichthys callaensis, Ophisurus dicellurus, Ophichthys exilis, and Ophichthys
uniserialis = O. remiger; Ophichthys biserialis = O. rugifer; Ophisurus californiensis and Ophichthys
grandimaculatus = O. triserialis; Ophichthus chamensis = O. zophochir. Lectotypes for the following
species are designated: O. frontalis, O. pacifici, O. remiger and O. zophochir.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S5803.
Publicación No.: 192 Additions to the hepatic flora of Costa Rica II [Adición a la flora de hepáticas
de Costa Rica II] / Dauphin-López, G.; Gradstein, S.R.; Bernecker-Lücking, A.; Morales-Zürcher, M.I.
(Universidad de Costa Rica. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Apdo. 1031-7050, Cartago, CR <E-mail:
gregoriodauphin@hotmail.com> <E-mail: sgradst@gwdg.de> <E-mail: andrea.bernecker@biologie.uniulm.de>
<E-mail:
aberneck@biologia.ucr.ac.cr><E-mail:
aberneck@cariari.ucr.ac.cr>
<E-mail:
mimorale@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Lindbergia (ISSN 0105-0761), v. 23, no. 2, p. 74-80. 1998. Recent
collections and research on Hepaticae in Costa Rica yielded 37 new species records for this country.
These include the family Allisoniaceae and the genera Calycularia, Cylindrocolea, Luteolejeunea,
Micropterygium, Mytilopsis, Neesioscyphus, Stenorrhipis and Thysananthus new to Costa Rica. Colura
verdoornii Herzog & Jove-Ast is new to tropical america. Twenty additional species are reported as new
for Central America. A summary of taxa reported for Costa Rica includes 33 families, 125 genera and
537 species, i.e. about 43% of the species known from tropical America. One new combination is
proposed Oryzolejeunea saccatiloba (Steph.) Gradst.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8044. LC. Biblioteca Museo Nacional: QK533/L5.
Publicación No.: 193 Balistes polylepis and Xanthichthys caeruleolineatus, two large
triggerfishes (Traodontiformes: Balistidae) from the Hawaiian Islands, with a key to Hawaiian
species / Randall, J.E.; Mundy, B.C. (Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, HI 96817-0916, US).
In: Pacific Science (ISSN 0030-8870), v. 52, no. 4, p. 322-333. 1998.
The large triggerfish Balistes polylepis Steindachner, the most common species of the family in the
eastern Pacific, was previously reported from Hawai'i as Pseudobalistes fuscus (Bloch & Schneider) or
questionably as B. polylepis; the identification as B. polylepis is here confirmed. Because of its rare
occurrence in Hawai'i, it was believed to be a waif; however, an underwater photograph of one guarding
a nest indicates that spawning has occurred in Hawai'i. A second large balistid, Xanthichthys
caeruleolineatus Randall, Matsuura & Zama, wide ranging from the western Indian Ocean to Cocos
Island, Costa Rica, is recorded from the Hawaiian Islands, where it is known from 46 to 165 m. A key is
presented to the 11 Hawaiian species of the Balistidae. An enigmatic specimen of Canthidermis
reportedly collected in Hawaiian waters is also discussed.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6917.
Publicación No.: 194 Peces de la Isla del Coco [Isla del Coco fishes] / Garrison, G.; Klapfer, A, (il.).
Santo Domingo de Heredia: Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, 2000. 393 pp. ISBN: 9968-702-36-6.
This book is primarily a field identification guide to the more commonly observed fishes in the hearshore
waters of Cocos Island National Park, Costa Rica. Descriptions of more than half of the 260 plus species
known from Cocos are arranged generally in phylogenetic order. Descriptions of each species include:
The scientific name for the family, next is the scientific name (genus and species), below which is the
common name for the species; description; size; habitat; behavior & biology; abundance; distribution;
145
similar species; synonyms. A color photography of the species accompanies each description. In some
cases, additional photographs may be shown to illustrate color phases or developmental stages of the
species. Most photographs were taken at Isla del Coco; only images from other sites are identified to
location.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 597.097.286 G242p.
Publicación No.: 195 A biogeographic analysis and review of the far eastern Pacific coral reef
region / Glynn, P.W.; Ault, J.S. (University of Miami. Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric
Sciences, Division of Marine Biology & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149-1098,
US <E-mail: pglynn@rsmas.miami.edu>). In: Coral Reefs (ISSN 0722-4028), v. 19, no. 1, p. 1-23.
2000.
New information on the presence and relative abundances of 41 reef-building (zooxanthellate) coral
species at 11 eastern Pacific and 3 central Pacific localities is examined in a biogeographic analysis and
review of the eastern Pacific coral reef region. The composition and origin of the coral fauna and other
reef-associated taxa are assessed in the context of dispersal and vicariance hypotheses. A minimum
variance cluster analysis using coral species presence-absence classification data at the 14 localities
revealed three eastern Pacific reef-coral provincesÑ (1) equatorial - mainland Ecuador to Costa Rica,
including the Galápagos and Cocos Islands: (2) northern - mainland Mexico and the Revillagigedo
Islands: (3) island group - eastern Pacific Malpelo Island and Clipperton Atoll, and central Pacific
Hawaiian, Johnston and Fanning Islands. Coral species richness is relatively high in the equatorial (17-26
species per locality) and northern (18-24 species) provinces, and low at two small offshore island
localities (7-10 species). A high proportion (36.6%, 15 species) of eastern Pacific coral species occurs at
only one or two localitiesñ of these, three disappeared following the 1982-83 ENSO event, three occur as
death assemblages at several localities, and five are endangered with known populations of ten or fewer
colonies. Principal component analysis using ordinal relative density data for the 41 species at the 14
localities indicated three main species groupings, i.e., those with high, mid, and narrow spatial
distributions. These groupings correlated with species population-dynamic characteristics. These results
were compared with data for riverine discharges, ocean circulation patterns, shoreline habitat
characteristics, and regional sea surface temperature data to help clarify the analyses as these measures
of environmental variability affect coral community composition. Local richness was highest at localities
with the highest environmental variability. Recent information regarding the strong affinity between
eastern and central Pacific coral faunas, abundance of teleplanic larvae in oceanic currents, high genetic
similarity of numerous reef-associated species, and appearances of numerous Indo-west Pacific species
in the east Pacific following ENSO activity, suggest the bridging of the east Pacific filter bridge (formerly
east Pacific barrier).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: BINA-221.
Publicación No.: 196 Zalophus californianus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae) en Costa Rica [Zalophus
californianus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae) in Costa Rica] / Cubero-Pardo, P.; Rodríguez-Fonseca, J. (Fundación
PROMAR,
Apdo.
11709-1000,
San
José,
CR
<E-mail:
pcubero@promar.or.cr>
<E-mail:
jrodri@promar.or.cr>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 48, no. 1, p. 273. 2000.
Los registros del león marino en Costa Rica son los siguientes: 1) un individuo solitario (1.5 m de
longitud) en las playas de Tamarindo y El Coco, Pacífico Norte; 2) siete individuos en la Isla del Coco; 3)
un individuo en Playa Colorada (1994), Península de Osa, Pacífico Sur y 4) un individuo observado en
Playa Caletas (1995), Península de Osa, Pacífico Sur; 5) un individuo en Golfo Dulce, Pacífico Sur; 6) un
individuo (alrededor de 1.8 m de longitud, macho juvenil) observado por los autores en Paquera, Golfo
de Nicoya (1998). No hay datos sobre la proveniencia y significancia poblacional de estos avistamientos.
Registros anteriores: Desde la Isla Vancouver y alrededores (Canadá) hasta el Pacífico Central de
México; Islas Galápagos. También en Japón y Corea, subespecie que se considera actualmente extinta.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 197 New genera and species of weevils from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador,
and Cocos Island, Costa Rica (Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Entiminae; Entimini) [Nuevos géneros
y especies de picudos de las Islas Galápagos, Ecuador e Isla del Coco, Costa Rica (Coleoptera;
Curculionidae; Entiminae; Entimini)] / Anderson, R.S.; Lanteri, A.A. (Canadian Museum of Nature.
Research Division, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, CA <E-mail: randerson@musnature.ca> <E-mail: lanteri@isis.unlp.edu.ar>). In: American Museum Novitates (ISSN 0003-0082), no.
3299, p. 1-15. 2000.
A new genus, Galapagonotus Anderson and Lanteri, is described to accommodate Otiorhynchus
cuneiformis Waterhouse from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Galapagonotus cuneiformis (Waterhouse)
is redescribed and a neotype is designated. Galapagonotus is placed within the tribe Entimini, likely in or
near the Eustylus group of genera. The species appears restricted to elevations from 300 to 790 m in
native Scalesia, Miconia, and fern-sedge habitats in the archipelago. A second new genus, Coconotus
Anderson and Lanteri, also is described to accommodate three new species from Cocos Island, Costa
Rica. These species, described herein are C. williamsi Anderson and Lanteri, C. kuscheli Anderson and
Lanteri, and C. tuberculatus Anderson and Lanteri. Coconotus is placed within the tribe Entimini, with
tentative affinities with the Lachnopus-Exophthalmus group of genera. No details are known of the
natural history of any Coconotus species.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9006. NBINA-196.
Publicación No.: 198 Surface behavior of bottlenose dolphins is related to spatial arrangement
of prey [El comportamiento de superficie de los delfines nariz de botella está relacionado con el arreglo
146
espacial de la presa] / Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A.; Parker, N. (Western Washington University. Department of
Biology, Bellingham, WA 98225-9160, US <E-mail: acevedo@biol.wwu.edu>). In: Marine Mammal
Science (ISSN 0824-0469), v. 16, no. 2, p. 287-298. 2000.
We tested the hypothesis that spatial arrangement and movements of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops
truncatus) are related to the spatial arrangement of their prey. From 65 groups we: (1) classified
feeding behavior of dolphins according to spatial arrangement and movements of individuals; (2)
assessed spatial arrangement and location of prey from direct observations, numbers of associated
seabirds, and echosounder recordings; and (3) related feeding behavior of dolphins to spatial
arrangement and location of prey. Four feeding categories were defined from cluster and principal
component analyses: (1) moving rapidly with no diving, (2) milling with no diving, (3) diving in several
locations, and (4) diving in one location. These feeding categories were related to spatial arrangement
and location of prey.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6714.
Publicación No.: 199 First record of a sea lion, Zalophus californianus, at Isla del Coco, Costa
Rica [Primer registro de un león marino, Zalophus californianus, en la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] /
Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A. (Western Washington University. Department of Biology, Bellingham, WA 982259160, US <E-mail: acevedo@biol.wwu.edu>). In: Marine Mammal Science (ISSN 0824-0469), v. 10, no.
4, p. 484-485. 1994.
This note reports the first sighting of a sea lion (Zalophus californianus) at Isla del Coco (05°33'N,
87°30'W), Costa Rica, about 730 km northeast of the Galapagos Islands. Isla del Coco is a small (24
km²), isolated, and uninhabited island in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, approximately 500 km SW of
the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. From February to August 1993, marine mammals occurring around the
island were recorded as part of a larger field study on dolphin behavior. The sea lion was sighted once,
on 10 February 1993 at 1100. The individual was determined to be a young male based on a photograph
showing the development of a cranial sagittal crest (Orr et al. 1970). The animal was moving north
within 10 m of the east coast of Manuelita, an islet 500 m north of Isla del Coco, where the animal was
last seen. The nearest sea lion population to Isla del Coco is at the Galapagos Islands (00°N, 91°W),
where the Galapagos sea lion (Z. c. wollebaeki) breeds (Eibl-Eibesfeldt 1984). The California sea lion
population (Z. c. californianus) migrates primarily to the north (Bartholomew and Hubbs 1952, Off and
Poulter 1965, Mate 1973) and the southernmost record of a possible California sea lion (Gallo-Reynoso
and Solorzano- Velasco 1991) is about 1,100 km northwest from Isla del Coco. Thus, I believe that the
male observed at Isla del Coco belongs to the subspecies Z. c. wollebaeki. There are oral accounts on
the presence of sea lions at Isla del Coco during the past (Weston 1992); however, this is the first
documented report of the species on the island, extending their range to 05°33'N. Currently, there are
no records of the subspecies Z. c. wollebaeki outside the Galapagos Islands. If, as I believe, the
individual observed at Isla del Coco belonged to this subspecies, there is the possibility that at least
some individuals disperse far from their breeding grounds.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6713.
Publicación No.: 200 Epiphyllous bryophytes from Cocos Island, Costa Rica. A floristic and
phytogeographical study [Briófitas epifílicas de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Un estudio florístico y
fitogeográfico] / Bernecker-Lücking, A. (Universität Ulm. Abteilung für Systematische Botanik und
Oëkologie, Albert-Enstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, DE <E-mail: andrea.bernecker@biologie.uni-ulm.de>
<E-mail: aberneck@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Ecotropica (ISSN 0949-3026), v. 6, no. 1, p. 55-69. 2000.
Epiphyllous bryophytes of Cocos Island (Costa Rica) were studied with respect to their floristics and
phytogeography. With a total of 45 epiphyllous species observed, including 9 new records, the total
number of bryophytes found on Cocos Island increases to 162, 56 mosses and 106 liverworts. The
epiphyllous bryophyte flora shows phytogeographical affinities mainly to the Neotropics, and nearly all
species occur in Central or northern South America. Many of the epiphyllous bryophytes (30 out of 45)
are rare on Cocos Island, and only present on a few phorophytes. In the mountainous area epiphyllous
bryophytes frequently grow on the underside of the leaves. Species diversity, distribution and density
differ between the investigated sites and seem to depend mainly on microclimatic conditions, especially
humidity, but also correspond to a certain degree to differences in the vegetation diversity.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8037.
Publicación No.: 201 A new species of Tethocyathus (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia:
Caryophylliidae), a trans-isthmian azooxanthellate species [Una nueva especie de Tethocyathus
(Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia: Caryophylliidae), una especie de coral azooxantelado transístmico] /
Lattig-Matiz, P.; Cairns, S.D. (Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Cerro Punta de Betin,
Santa Marta, CO <E-mail: plattig@ivemar.org.co>). In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of
Washington (ISSN 0006-324X), v. 113, no. 3, p. 590-595. 2000.
A new species of Tethocyathus is described, T. prahli, characterized by having a tympaniform corallum
shape and no fossa. Specimens were found living at 310 m in the Colombian Caribbean, 303-333 m at
Cocos Island (Pacific Costa Rica), and from the early Pleistocene of Pacific Panama, suggesting a relictual
distribution of a previously more widespread species. Tethocyathus prahli is probably unique among the
Scleractinia in having a non-cosmopolitan trans-isthmian distribution. The diagnosis of the genus
Tethocyathus is emended to conform more closely to that of the type species.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8538.
Publicación No.: 202 Population maintenance among tropical reef fishes: inferences from
small-island endemics [Mantenimiento de la población entre peces tropicales de arrecife: inferencias
147
de endemismo de pequeñas islas] / Robertson, D.R. (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit
0948, APO AA 34002-0948 PA <E-mail: ross.robertson@stri.org>). In: Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (ISSN 0027-8424), v. 98, no. 10, p. 5667-5670.
2001.
To what extent do local populations of tropical reef fishes persist through the recruitment of pelagic
larvae to their natal reef? Endemics from small, isolated islands can help answer that question by
indicating whether special biological attributes are needed for long-term survival under enforced
localization in high-risk situations. Taxonomically and biologically, the endemics from seven such islands
are broadly representative of their regional faunas. As natal-site recruitment occurs among reef fishes in
much less isolated situations, these characteristics of island endemics indicate that a wide range of reef
fishes could have persistent self-sustaining local populations. Because small islands regularly support
substantial reef fish faunas, regional systems of small reserves could preserve much of the diversity of
these fishes.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7177. NBINA-2831.
Publicación No.: 203 Taxonomía del ictioplancton en la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica / FernándezLeiva, S. San José: Universidad de Costa Rica, 1996. 175 pp. Tesis, Licenciatura en Biología con
especialidad en Recursos Acuáticos, Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología, San José (Costa
Rica).
Se estudia la taxonomía de larvas y juveniles de peces en aguas contiguas a la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica.
Incluye la identificación, descripción morfológica y distribución horizontal de larvas y juveniles de peces,
provenientes de 34 muestras en 18 estaciones. Los arrastres se realizaron del 1 al 11 de febrero 1993;
fueron nocturnos, de tipo oblicuo, con redes cónicas de 0.5 m de diámetro, con mallas de 0,5 y 2,0 mm,
en cuatro sectores principales y a diferentes profundidades. La identificación se hizo con base a
características morfológicas (forma del cuerpo, del intestino, de la cabeza, patrón de pigmentación),
características morfométricas (longitud (L) preanal, L. predorsal, L. hocico, profundidad corporal). Se
identificaron 14 órdenes, 41 familias, 1 subfamilia, 36 género y 13 especies de especímenes
recolectados. Se identificaron familias no informadas previamente en las listas de peces adultos: 14
familias en la Isla del Coco, 11 del Pacífico de Costa Rica, 5 de la FAO para la región del Pacífico Central
Oriental, Area 77. Las cinco familias más abundantes encontradas fueron: Myctophidae, con 18,1%,
Photochthyidae 13,1%, Gonostomatidae 8,9%, Scombridae 5,7% y Gobiidae 4,7%, restos no
identificados 13%. Los porcentajes anteriores representan el 63,6% de la abundancia total de larvas, el
36,4% corresponde a las 36 familias restantes. La mayoría de las familias (75,6%) presentan una
abundancia numerica menor al 1%. Las familias más abundantes en el norte de la Isla fueron:
Photichthyidae, Myctophidae; en el este Myctophidae, Photichthyidae, Scombridae y en el oeste
Myctophidae, Gonostomatidae, Photichthyidae. Con respecto a la distribución horizontal del ictioplacton
en la Isla del Coco, se observa que un alto porcentaje (40.5%) del total de individuos, se encuentra en
el lado oeste, lo que podría deberse a la variación batimétrica y al ingreso de las corrientes marinas en
este sector. Las familias que predominaron en la zona costera fueron Labrisomidae, Haemulidae,
Bregmacerotidae, en la plataforma continental y en la zona oceánica Photichtyidae, Myctophidae,
Gonostomatidae y Scombridae. No se encontraron grandes diferencias en los valores del Indice de
Diversidad.
Localización: Biblioteca Luis D. Tinoco: Tesis 16768.
Publicación No.: 204 A new species of Thor Kingsley, 1878 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea:
Hippolytidae) from the tropical eastern Pacific [Una nueva especie de Thor Kingsley, 1878
(Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) del Pacífico oriental tropical] / Wicksten, M.K.; VargasCastillo, R. (Texas A&M University. Department of Biology, College Station, TX 77843, US <E-mail:
wicksten@mail.bio.tamu.edu> <E-mail: ritav@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Proceedings of the Biological
Society of Washington (ISSN 0006-324X), v. 114, no. 1, p. 139-144. 2001.
A new caridean shrimp, Thor cocoensis, from the eastern Pacific, is described based on specimens from
from Isla del Coco, Costa Rica and Islas Marchena and Santa Fe, Galapagos. This very small shrimp
resembles T. cordelli Wicksten, but lacks a supraorbital spine and has one or two, not three, dorsal
spines on the: rostrum. There are three or four pairs of dorsolateral spines on the telson and one meral
spine each on the third and fourth pereopods. The species is subtidal and is not known to have specific
associations with other organisms.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S10509. Biblioteca Museo Nacional: QH301 B5p.
Publicación No.: 205 Cocos Island marine and terrestrial conservation area: Nomination for
inclusion in the World Heritage List of natural properties [Area de conservación marina y terrestre
Isla del Coco: Nominación para incluir en la Lista Mundial de Herencia de propiedades naturales] / Costa
Rica. Gobierno de Costa Rica, San José, CR. San José: Gobierno de Costa Rica / Ministerio del Ambiente
y Energía (MINAE), 1996. 95 pp.
Propuesta para que el Area de Conservación Marina Isla del Coco sea incluida en la Lista Mundial de
Herencia de propiedades naturales. Indica la localización específica, mapas, datos jurídicos de propiedad
de la Repúbica de Costa Rica, su status legal, descripción física, historia, plan de manejo, número de
especies y especies endémicas de grupos particulares de animales, plantas y hongos reportados para la
Isla; listas de vegetación; musgos; hepáticas; insectos; vertebrados; crustáceos; peces; gastrópodos y
mamíferos marinos.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: AD 416. Biblioteca del BIODOC: 1761.
148
Publicación No.: 206 Plan general de manejo del Parque Nacional Isla del Coco / FUNDEVI /
PROAMBI / ICT / SPN, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR. San José: FUNDEVI / PROAMBI / ICT / SPN,
1995. 72 pp.
La Isla del Coco, localizada aproximadamente a 87°03' long. O y 5°O3' lat. N (532 km hacia el suroeste
de Cabo Blanco), es una isla oceánica de aproximadamente 24 km² de superficie. Sin embargo, este
Parque Nacional comprende también 972,35 km² de ambientes marinos. Dichos ambientes constituyen
la principal motivación para visitar la isla. Sus paisajes submarinos, con abundante y colorida vida,
aguas cálidas y una visibilidad normalmente mayor de 25 o 30 m, la convierten en un destino
internacionalmente famoso para bucear con equipo scuba. La posibilidad de observar muy de cerca
animales marinos de gran tamaño como grupos de tiburones de aleta de puntas blancas y tiburones
martillo que, además, no muestran la agresividad que normalmente exhiben en otras regiones,
constituyen un fuerte atractivo. Igual interés despierta la expectativa de un encuentro ocasional con
algún tiburón ballena, una manta raya o un grupo de delfines. Esta no es, sin embargo, la única faceta
que distingue a la Isla del Coco. Históricamente ofrece un rico panorama de leyendas de piratas, de
tesoros escondidos y de hombres que dedicaron su vida a buscar un mítico botín. Las numerosas
inscripciones que en ella se encuentran dan cuenta del papel que como punto estratégico, de refugio y
de abastecimiento de agua potable, jugó la Isla desde el siglo XVII. Su misma toponimia hace referencia
a muchos aventureros que en épocas pasadas se acercaron a ella. Son testimonio del primer esfuerzo
colonizador llevado a cabo en este territorio las plantas de café y los árboles de aguacate sembrados por
Augusto Gissler. En Punta Presidio aun se pueden observar fragmentos de barro cocido que recuerdan la
función de penal que una vez cumplió la Isla. Cuenta, además con cinco especies endémicas de
vertebrados que le dan un valor único: el anolis del Coco (Norops townsendi, Iguanidae), el geko
(Sphaerodactylus pacificus, Gekkonidae), el cuclillo (Coccyzus ferrugineus, Cuculidae), el mosquerito
(Nesotriccus ridgwayi, Tyrannidae) y el pinzón (Pinaroloxias inornata, Emberizidae). Un buen número de
especies de aves marinas anidan en los islotes que la rodean. Como otras islas oceánicas, la Isla del
Coco se caracteriza por una flora empobrecida con respecto a la del continente, pero un alto porcentaje
de estas especies son endémicas. Las plantas más comunes son el palo de hierro (Sacoglottis holdridgei,
Humiriaceae) y el aguacatón (Ocotea ira, Lauraceae). En el sotobosque son dominantes la ciperácea
Hypolitrum amplissimum y varias especies de helechos, especialmente dos arborescentes (Cyathea
alfonsiana y C. holdridgeana). Las comunidades de peces son muy diversas y tienen gran importancia
biológica y científica. Allí se encuentran algunos de los arrecifes más extensos y ricos en especies del
Pacífico Oriental, es lugar de reunión de animales pelágicos y de animales de arrecifes y es el primer
punto terrestre del Pacífico Americano que es alcanzado por la Contracorriente Norecuatorial. Asimismo,
es probable que la Isla sea centro de distribución de organismos a otras islas de la región, como a las
Galápagos y a las costas de América. Pese a que actualmente no se detectan daños importantes
causados por el buceo recreativo, ante la expectativa de que aumente el número de visitantes, se deben
adoptar las medidas necesarias. Los recursos pesqueros aparentan ser muy abundantes, pero su
biomasa total podría ser limitada, debido a que se concentra en una pequeña área que coincide,
precisamente, con la de interés turístico. Los arrecifes coralinos muestran signos de estar recuperándose
del fenómeno de El Niño 1982-83, sin embargo, también es evidente el intenso proceso de bioerosión
que llevan a cabo los erizos de mar. En algunas localidades, como Babía Chatham, las colonias de
corales se quiebran con facilidad, por lo que si aumenta el número de buzos, aumentarán las
probabilidades de destuir ese arrecife. Igual protección merecen Punta Presidio y Bahía Iglesias. Desde
el punto de vista de la conservación terrestre, la principal actividad que se debe desarrollar es la
eliminación de los cerdos y de aquellas plantas introducidas, como el café, el achiote, los mangos y otras
especies. También debe tenerse mucho cuidado con el ingreso de turistas, especialmente a sitios muy
sensibles o donde hay comunidades sin perturbar, como en el Cerro Iglesias. Socioeconómicamente, la
Isla del Coco se ve sometida a presiones provenientes de los sectores pesca y turismo. En cuanto al
primero, no existen registros o estudios específicos, que logren cuantificar su impacto real. A lo sumo
hay un registro de las embarcaciones observadas en las cercanías del Parque pero sin información con
respecto a la cantidad y especies capturadas. Para controlar esta actividad, es imperativo regular la
captura en la zona de amortiguamiento, lo cual, garantizará un aprovechamiento sostenible del recurso.
En cuanto al segundo, en la parte terrestre es poco probable que el nivel de afluencia actual sobrepase
el impacto causado antes: la presencia de personas data de hace dos siglos, la cacería de especies
nativas es inexistente y las zonas deforestadas por la colonia de pioneros están en proceso de
recuperación. En cambio, en el ambiente marino la afluencia de buzos, de operadores turísticos
especializados y de aquellos que practican la pesca deportiva está aumentando considerablemente. De
1985 a 1993 se ha registrado un aumento de la afluencia de usuarios, numero que posiblemente sea
mayor en los próximos años. Además, se prevé un incremento en la pesca deportiva (pez vela, marlin,
tiburón), por lo que es imprescindible establecer lineamientos específicos que regulen esta actividad en
las áreas aledañas a la Isla, que deben fungir como zona de amortiguamiento. Este plan de manejo se
dirige a la planificación del uso público de la isla. A grandes rasgos, sugiere darle un seguimiento
continuo a las tendencias de los patrones de afluencia de turistas; proteger, en su totalidad la
plataforma insular, proteger áreas sensibles; eliminar las especies exóticas, darle un adecuado manejo a
los recursos pesqueros, promover la investigación científica en la isla, y revisar, de forma integral los
aspectos jurídicos emitidos para la isla, a nivel de Decreto Ejecutivo. Finalmente, propone que la franja
de 7.2 km, entre el anillo de protección absoluta (15 km) y el límite de los 222 km gue constituyen el
Mar Territorial, se consideren como zona de amortiguamiento del Parque.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: AD 414. Biblioteca del BIODOC: 1759.
Publicación No.: 207 The genus Munida Leach (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae) in the
eastern tropical Pacific, with description of two new species [El género Munida Leach (Crustacea,
149
Decapoda, Galatheidae) en el Pacífico oriental tropical, con descripción de dos nuevas especies] /
Hendrickx, M.E. (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnología,
Unidad Académica de Mazatlán, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Bentónicos, Mazatlán, Sinaloa 82000, MX
<E-mail: michel@mar.icmyl.unam.mx>). In: Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de
Belgique. Biologie (ISSN 0374-6429), v. 70, p. 163-192. 2000.
In the eastern tropical Pacific, the genus Munida is made of 10 previously known and 2 undescribed
species, M. bapensis sp. nov. and M. williamsi sp. nov., distributed from California to Peru and the
Galapagos Islands. Nine of the known species were described by Walter Faxon in 1893 (Munida
gracilipes, M. obesa, M. propinqua, and M. refulgens) and by James Benedict in 1902 (M. debilis, M.
hispida, M. mexicana, M. perlata, and M. stenella). A western-Atlantic species, M. microphthalma A.
Milne-Edwards, is also reported from Coco Island, Costa Rica. Munida debilis, M. tenella, and the two
undescribed species are known only from the Gulf of California. The munidas from the eastern tropical
Pacific have a depth range from 16.5 to 3292 m. Shallow water species (not deeper than 200 m) include
M. debilis, M. tenella, M. mexicana, M. refulgens and Munida williamsi. The present contribution
increases from 39 to 74 the number of localities known for the genus in the region.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 208 Three new records of Indo-West Pacific Littorinidae (Gastropoda) in the
Tropical Eastern Pacific [Tres nuevos registros de Littorinidae (Gastropoda) del Pacífico Indooccidental en el Pacífico oriental tropical] / Reid, D.G.; Kaiser, K.L. (The Natural History Museum.
Department of Zoology, London SW7 5BD, GB <E-mail: klkaiser@pvnet.com.mx>). In: The Veliger
(ISSN 0042-3211), v. 44, no. 4, p. 381-388. 2001.
Three species of Littorinidae that are widespread in the Indo-West Pacific (IWP) region are recorded from
the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) for the first time: Littoraria undulata (Gray, 1839) on Isla del Coco, L.
coccinea (Gmelin, 1791) on Isla del Coco and Clipperton Atoll, and Peasiella conoidalis (Pease. 1868) on
the mainland of Costa Rica. These are briefly described and figured. It is suggested that these may have
been transported to the TEP as pelagic eggs or larvae, carried on the North Equatorial Countercurrent,
perhaps during the enhanced flow characteristic of El Niño events. Records of IWP mollusks in the TEP
are reviewed and reasons for the general lack of established populations of these species are discussed.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8003.
Publicación No.: 209 Seis especies nuevas y dos nuevos registros de helechos Pteridophyta
para Costa Rica [Six new species and two new records of Pteridophyta (ferns) from Costa Rica] /
Rojas-Alvarado, A.F. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Apdo. 1031-7050, Cartago,
CR <E-mail: afrojasa@hotmail.com>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 49, no. 2,
p. 435-452. 2001.
Six new species of Pteridophyta from Costa Rica are described: Dryopteris flaccisquama A. Rojas,
Hypolepis lellingeri A. Rojas, H. moraniana A. Rojas, Melpomene alan-shmithii A. Rojas, Selaginella
osaënsis A. Rojas, and Terpsichore esquiveliana A. Rojas. Blechnum stoloniferum (Mett. ex E. Fourn.) C.
Chr. and Trichomanes micayense Hieron, are new records for the country. Only D. flaccisquama and M.
alan-smithii are present outside Costa Rica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 210 Nuevas especies, nombres nuevamente utilizados y nuevas
distribuciones en los helechos arborescentes (Filicales: Cyatheaceae) para el Neotrópico [New
species, newly used names and new ranges of tree ferns (Filicales: Cyatheaceae) in the Neotropics] /
Rojas-Alvarado, A.F. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Apdo. 1031-7050, Cartago,
CR <E-mail: afrojasa@hotmail.com>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 49, no. 2,
p. 453-466. 2001.
Two new species are described for the Neotropics, four species are newly accepted, and four species and
one variety are reported. The new species are: Cyathea grayumii A. Rojas and C. panamensis A. Rojas.
Cyathea alfonsiana L.D. Gómez, C. holdridgeana Nisman & L.D. Gómez, C. onusta H. Christ and C.
squarrosa (Rosentst.) Dominin are recognized; Cnemidaria coclena Stolze, Cyathea andina (H. karst)
Domin, C. caracasana var. meridensis (H. Kartst.) R.M. Tryon, C. macrosora (Baker) Domin and C.
pseudonana (L.D. Gómez) Lellinger are reported from Costa Rica and Panama.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.; Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
Publicación No.: 211 Dispersal barriers in tropical oceans and speciation in Atlantic and
eastern Pacific sea urchins of the genus Echinometra [Barreras para la diseminación en los
océanos tropicales y especiación en el Atlántico y Pacífico oriental de los erizos marinos del género
Echinometra] / McCartney, M.A.; Keller, G.; Lessios, H.A. (University of North Carolina. Department of
Biological Sciences, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403-3297, US <E-mail:
McCartneyM@uncwil.edu>). In: Molecular Ecology (ISSN 0962-1083), v. 9, p. 1391-1400. 2000.
Echinometra is a pantropical sea urchin made famous through studies of phylogeny, speciation, and
genetic structure of the Indo-West Pacific (IWP) species. We sequenced 630 bp of the cytochrome
oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial gene to provide comparable information on the eastern Pacific and Atlantic
species, using divergence between those separated by closure of the Isthmus of Panama 3.1 million
years ago (Ma) to estimate dates for cladogenic events. Most recently (1.27-1.62 Ma), the Atlantic
species E. lucunter and E. viridis diverged from each other, at a time in the Pleistocene that sea levels
fell and Caribbean coral speciation and extinction rates were high. An earlier split, assumed to have been
coincident with the completion of the Isthmus of Panama, separated the eastern Pacific E. vanbrunti
from the Atlantic common ancestor. Transisthmian COI divergence similar to that in the sea urchin
150
genus Eucidaris supports this assumption. The most ancient split in Echinometra occurred between the
IWP and the neotropical clades, due to cessation of larval exchange around South Africa or across the
Eastern Pacific Barrier. Gene flow within species is generally high; however, there are restrictions to
genetic exchange between E. lucunter populations from the Caribbean and those from the rest of the
Atlantic. Correlations between cladogenic and vicariant events supports E. Mayr's contention that marine
species, despite their high dispersal potential, form by means of geographical separation. That
sympatric, nonhybridizing E. lucunter and E. viridis were split so recently suggests, however, that
perfection of reproductive barriers between marine species with large populations can occur in less than
1.6 million years (Myr).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: BINA-432.
Publicación No.: 212 Cypraea talpa on eggs and a live Cymatium (Gutturnium) muricinum,
both at Isla del Coco, Costa Rica [Cypraea talpa obtenido de huevos y un Cymatium (Gutturnium)
muricinum vivo, ambos de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] / Kaiser, K.L. (Paseo de las Conchas Chinas
#115, Depto. 4, Puerto Vallarta, MX <E-mail: klkaiser@pvnet.com.mx>). In: The Festivus (ISSN 07389388), v. 30, no. 2, p. 28-29. 1998.
This is a report on some interesting occurrences of Indo-Pacific species found on the '97 Cocos
Expedition, my ninth trip to this remote island. In March of last year, eleven divers boarded the
"Undersea Hunter" to dive, dredge and photograph the marine fauna for eight days. Three of us were
returning to continue research started on the first trip in 1984. Although dead specimens of Cypraea
talpa Linnaeus, 1758, had been found at Isla del Coco occasionally, only a few specimens had been
found live (Shasky, 1983; Emerson, 1983). On a daytime dive at Isla Pájara, Isla del Coco (5°33'15.2"N,
87°03'13.5"W) in 82°F water, Clay Bryce, of the Western Australian Museum, and I dropped to 36 m
(110 ft) to the sand bottom. As we moved to where the sand met the rocky slope, Clay tamed over a
large, 1 m long rock sitting in clean sand and light rubble. There, two specimens (68 and 65 mm) of C.
talpa were clinging tightly to the underside of the rock. They appeared to be tending the eggs, a dense,
hemispherical, light-yellow mass about 60 mm in diameter, the approximate length of one of the two
specimens (Plate 1, figure 5). As I screeched, Clay immediately started photographing the active
specimens. As a result of the disturbance, the two C. talpa moved to a more secure location on the
underside of the rock. I found their behavior very different from my observance of a different molluscan
family. A very small Octopus species on its eggs in Bahía de Banderas, Jalisco, México, under no
circumstances, through prodding or otherwise, would leave its egg mass which was attached to the
inside of a valve of a dead bivalve. With previous records of living C. talpa and the finding of live
specimens with eggs, it appears that the population of the Indo-Pacific species C. talpa is established at
the Island. A second surprising find was a live, mature (25.5 mm) specimen of Cymatium (Gutturnium)
muricinum (Röding, 1798) found moving across clean sand and light rubble at 15.3 m (50 ft) in Bahía
Chatham (5°33'44"N, 87°02'49"W) in water at 84°F during my first night dive of the trip (Plate 1, figure
7). This Indo- Pacific species is here newly recorded at Isla del Coco.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8008.
Publicación No.: 213 Growth changes in Caducifer cinis Reeve, 1846 (Mollusca: Buccinidae)
from the Panamic Province [Cambios en el crecimiento de Caducifer cinis Reeve, 1846 (Mollusca:
Buccinidae) de la Provincia Panámica] / Kaiser, K.L. (Paseo de las Conchas Chinas #115, Depto. 4,
Puerto Vallarta, MX <E-mail: klkaiser@pvnet.com.mx>). In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 33, no.
3, p. 27-28. 2001.
In previous articles on growth changes it was noted that it is difficult to identify to species the juvenile
shells of some mollusks. At times this results in misidentifications or the erroneous naming of new
species. Four representatives from a growth series of Caducifer cinis Reeve, 1846, rangin in size from a
mature specimen of 25.6 mm to a juvenile at 4.2 mm illustrrrate such a case. These specimens were
collected on 23 February 1988, at Isla del Coco, Costa Rica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8006.
Publicación No.: 214 Notes on Rhizochilus antipathum Steenstrup, 1850 (Gastropoda:
Coralliophilidae) with new records from Ile Clipperton and Isla del Coco (tropical eastern
Pacific) [Notas sobre Rhizochilus antipathum Steenstrup, 1850 (Gastropoda: Coralliophilidae) con
nuevos registros de la Isla Clipperton e Isla del Coco (Pacífico tropical oriental)] / Kaiser, K.L.; Hertz,
C.M. (Paseo de las Conchas Chinas #115, Depto. 4, Puerto Vallarta, MX <E-mail:
klkaiser@pvnet.com.mx> <E-mail: cmhertz@pacbell.net>). In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 33,
no. 9, p. 87-94. 2001.
Rhizochilus antipathum Steenstrup, 1850, a cryptic species, is newly reported from the Clipperton
[French possession] and Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, both in the tropical eastern Pacific living on two
different Antipathes (black coral) species.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8081.
Publicación No.: 215 Comments on four muricoidean (Mollusca) species formerly endemic to
Isla del Coco found at Isla de Malpelo [Comentarios sobre cuatro especies de murícidos (Mollusca)
anteriormente endémicos de la Isla del Coco encontrados en la Isla de Malpelo] / Kaiser, K.L. (Paseo de
las Conchas Chinas #115, Depto. 4, Puerto Vallarta, MX <E-mail: klkaiser@pvnet.com.mx>). In: The
Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 33, no. 1, p. 3-6. 2001.
Four recently described muricoidean gastropods from Isla del Coco, Costa Rica [Chicoreus (Phyllonotus)
eversoni (Myers, D'Attilio & Shasky, 1987); Favartia cocosensis, Muricopsis westonensis and Coralliophila
rocasuciae all of Myers & D'Attilio, 1990], were collected live at Isla de Malpelo, Colombia. Those species
151
are illustrated, and comments concerning habitat, depth and biogeographic affinities with other tropical
eastern Pacific oceanic islands (Islas Revillagigedo, île Clipperton, Isla del Coco and Islas Galápagos) are
noted.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8005.
Publicación No.: 216 Growth series of common molluscan species (Family: Muricidae) [Series
de crecimiento de especies comunes de moluscos (Familia: Muricidae)] / Kaiser, K.L. (Paseo de las
Conchas Chinas #115, Depto. 4, Puerto Vallarta, MX <E-mail: klkaiser@pvnet.com.mx>). In: The
Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 31, no. 9, p. 98-100. 1999.
Encouragment by other collectors of micro shells to figure growth series of Panamic species, with the
intent of minimizing problems of identification, has given rise to this first paper. Here figured are the
growth series of three common rapanid species: Mancinella triangularis (Blainville, 1832), Thais
(tribulus) planospira (Blainville, 1832,), Thais (Tribulus) planospira (Lamarck, 1822), and Thais (Vasula)
melones (Duclos, 1832).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8004.
Publicación No.: 217 Colubraria (Colubraria) ochsneri and Colubraria (C). lucasensis from Isla
del Coco, Costa Rica [Colubraria (Colubraria) ochsneri y Colubraria (C). lucasensis de la Isla del Coco,
Costa Rica] / Hertz, J.; Kaiser, K.L. (3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, US <E-mail:
cmhertz@pacbell.net> <E-mail: klkaiser@pvnet.com.mx>). In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 30,
no. 3, p. 35-39. 1998.
The reported distribution for Colubraria (Colubraria) ochsneri Herrtlein & Allison, 1968, as summarized
from Keen (1971) and Skoglund (1992), is Isla del Malpelo, Colombia; the Islas Galápagos, Ecuador;
and L'île Clipperton, France. The junior author collected specimens of this species at Isla del Coco, Costa
Rica, during her eight visits there, from 1985-1997. The animals where common in depths of 12-24 m
(40-80 ft), in sand under rocks. The species was not reported in previous checklists of mollusks collected
at Isla del Coco.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8009.
Publicación No.: 218 Gastrochaena (Rocellaria) ovata Sowerby, 1834, and Scalenostoma
subulata (Broderip, 1832), sharing the same niche [Gastrochaena (Rocellaria) ovata Sowerby,
1834 y Scalenostoma subulata (Broderip, 1832), compartiendo el mismo nicho] / Hertz, J.; Kaiser, K.L.
(3883 Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, US <E-mail: cmhertz@pacbell.net> <E-mail:
klkaiser@pvnet.com.mx>). In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 30, no. 8, p. 85-88. 1998.
While diving at 10-27 m at Isla del Coco, Costa Rica (5°30'15.8"N, 87°03'21.4"W), on 23 March 1997,
the junior author found a live specimen of Gastrochaena and a live specimen of Scalenostoma subulata,
sharing the same hole in a piece of live Pocillopora sp. The piece of coral was inadvertently broken while
diving, and within a large branch was a smooth-sided, seemingly, completely enclosed burrow containing
the Gastrochaena species and the specimen of Scalenostoma subulata. The junior author had previously
found dead specimens of S. subulata and live specimens of Gastrochaena in broken live coral but had
never before seen them together.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8007.
Publicación No.: 219 El cerdo cimarrón (Sus scrofa, Suidae) en la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica:
composición de su dieta, estado reproductivo y genética [The feral pig (Sus scrofa, Suidae) in
Cocos Island, Costa Rica: composition of its diet, reproductive state and genetics] / Sierra, C. (Apartado
73-3017, San Isidro de Heredia, CR <E-mail: clodin@racsa.co.cr>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical
(ISSN 0034-7744), v. 49, no. 3/4, p. 1147-1157. 2001.
Feral pigs (Sus scrofa) cause different kinds of damage specially on oceanic islands. Pigs were
introduced at Cocos Island, Costa Rica, during 1793 and bred successfully. I analised feral pigs diet,
reproductive state, genetics and the effects of predation, in order to gather data on their ecology and
impact on certain Cocos Island communities. The diet was studied, during a dry and a wet period,
through stomach contents. The genetic variability was determined through PCR analysis on tissue
samples which were taken from feral (Cocos Island) and domestic (mainland) pig ear-lobes. Pigs at
Cocos were omnivorous, the most important diet category in both seasons was fruits. More pigs
consumed fruits during the wet season but the fruits did occupy more somach volume during the dry
season. Feral pigs did not disperse exotic seeds nor prey on animal endemic species. 56 % of the hunted
pigs were males and 44 % were females. From females in reproductive age, 46 % were pregnant or
suckling, and the average number of fetuses in a litter was 4.4. I confirmed a reproductive peak during
January/February but could not demonstrate a reproductive peak during June/July. The low fetuses
number per litter could be related with some levels of stre FALTO UNA PARTE.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 220 El cerdo cimarrón (Sus scrofa, Suidae) en la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica:
escarbaduras, alteraciones al suelo y erosión [The feral pig (Sus scrofa, Suidae) in Cocos Island,
Costa Rica: rootings, soil alterations and erosion] / Sierra, C. (Apartado 73-3017, San Isidro de Heredia,
CR <E-mail: clodin@racsa.co.cr>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 49, no. 3/4, p.
1159-1170. 2001.
Feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are of the most damaging exotic vertebrates. Specially on oceanic island native
communities. Feral pigs inhabit Cocos Island since 1793 and there are around 400-500 individuals. In
order to quantify the impacts of the feral pigs at Cocos Island. I calculated the effect of the rooting
activity and its influence on the natural erosion. During one year I walked, monthly, 15 km on trails
152
estimating rooted area by transect and rooting recurrence. During eight months I compared erosion
rates with and without rootings. I estimated the annual rooting rate between 10 and 20 % of the total
island surface, The rooted area was the only measured variable which correlated with the soil erosion
rate, The erosion rate without rootings was 23.6 kg/ha/year and with rootings was 200.4 kg/ha/year (P
0.01). The disturbances provoked by the rootings were not scattered homogeneously through the island,
The rootings, together with the natural landslides, dominate the soil disturbance pattern at Cocos Island.
This study suggests that the presence of feral pigs produces more erosion than the one that would
naturally occur without feral pigs at Cocos Island.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 221 Status of the eastern Pacific agujon needlefish Tylosurus pacificus
(Steindachner, 1876) (Beloniformes: Belonidae) / Collette, B.B.; Banford, H.M. (National Museum
of Natural History. National Marine Fisheries Service Systematics Laboratory, Washington, DC 205600153, US <E-mail: collette.bruce@nmnh.si.edu> <E-mail: hb2@axe.humboldt.edu>). In: Revista de
Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 49, supl. 1, p. 51-57. 2001.
Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner, 1876) is confirmed to have full species rank based on: 1) sympatry
wit T. acus melanotus at Isla Gorgona and in Panamá; 2) level of morphological differentiation in
numbers of vertebrae, dorsal and anal fin rays; and 3) level of mtDNA differentiation. The easter Pacific
agujon needlefish is found from the Gulf of California, Mexico, to Peru, including the Galápagos Islands.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 222 A review of the razorfishes (Perciformes: Labridae) of the eastern Pacific
Ocean / Victor, B.C.; Wellington, G.M.; Caldow, C. (4051 Glewood, Irvine, CA 92604, US <Fax: 714903-0609>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 49, supl. 1, p. 101-110. 2001.
El género Xyrichtys es muy variable en morfología y coloración, y la forma de la cabeza es inadecuada
para ciertas identificaciones. Se revisa el género, estimándose que tiene seis especies en el Pacífico
Oriental Tropical y se describe, Xyrichtys mundiceps. Dudamos de la validez de Xyrichtys perlas, que
podría ser una fase temprana de X. mundiceps.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 223 The Eastern Pacific species of Bathygobius (Perciformes: Gobiidae) [Las
especies de Bathygobius (Perciformes: Gobiidae) del Pacífico Oriental] / Miller, P.J.; Stefanni, S. (The
University of Bristol. School of Biological Sciences, Bristol BS8 1UG, GB <E-mail:
peter.miller@bristol.ac.uk>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 49, supl. 1, p. 141156. 2001.
Se define el género Bathygobius y se redescriben tres especies del Pacífico Oriental. Se reconoce las
especies B. ramosus Ginsburg 1947 y B. andrei (Sauvage 1880). B. ramosus está en las islas
Revillagigedos y Coco. Se define B. lineatus (Jenyns 1842) y se ubica B. arundelii (Garman 1899) y B. l.
lupinus Ginsburg 1947 como subespecies de lineatus.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 224 A preliminary review of the Eastern Pacific species of Elacatinus
(Perciformes: Gobiidae) [Revisión preliminar de las especies del Pacífico Oriental de Elacatinus
(Perciformes: Gobiidae)] / Hoese, D.F.; Reader, S. (Australian Museum 6 College St, Sidney, NSW
2000, AU). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 49, supl. 1, p. 157-167. 2001.
Elecatinus limbaughi is described as new from the Gulf of California. Elacatinus digueti is redescribed and
Elacatinus inornatus Bussing is synonymyzed with E. digueti. Data are presented on geographical
variation in Elacatinus puncticulatus and E. digueti. Species of the genus Elacatinus are normally
associated with coral reefs and several of the species clean parasites from other fishes. Elacatinus is
regarded as distinct from Gobiosoma, based on vertebral and other characteristics.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 225 Revision of the eastern Pacific species of Gobulus (Perciformes:
Gobiidae), with description of a new species [Revisión de las especies de Gobulus (Perciformes:
Gobiidae) del Pacífico oriental, con descripción de una nueva especie] / Hoese, D.F.; Reader, S.
(Australian Museum 6 College St, Sidney, NSW 2000, AU). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 00347744), v. 49, supl. 1, p. 169-176. 2001.
Gobulus birdsongi is described as a new species from the Pacific coast of Panama. The two other known
species of Gobulus from the eastern Pacific, Gobulus crescentalis and G. hancocki are redescribed.
Gobulus birdsongi differs from other species in the genus in having more numerous second dorsal and
anal rays. Gobulus hancocki differs from G. crescentalis in having a much smaller eye. The genus is
distinctive in having reversed countershading, with the ventral surface of the body darker than the
dorsal surface.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 226 On the origin of Darwin's finches [Sobre el origen de los pinzones de Darwin]
/ Sato, A.; Tichy, H.; O'hUigin, C.; Grant, B.R.; Grant, P.R.; Klein, J. (Max-Plack-Institut für Biologie.
Abteilung
Immungenetik,
Corrensstrasse
42,
D-72076
Tübingen,
DE
<E-mail:
akie.sato@tuebingen.mpg.de> <E-mail: prgrant@princeton.edu> <E-mail: rgrant@princeton.edu>). In:
Molecular Biology and Evolution (ISSN 0737-4038), v. 18, no. 3, p. 299-311. 2001.
Darwin's finches comprise a group of 15 species endemic to the Galápagos (14 species) and Cocos (1
species) Islands in the Pacific Ocean. The group is monophyletic and originated from an ancestral species
153
that reached the Galápagos Archipelago from Central or South America. Descendants of this ancestor on
the Archipelago then colonized Cocos Island. In the present study, we used sequences of two
mitochondrial (mt) DNA segments (922 bp of the cytochrome b gene and 1,082 bp of the control
region), as well as two nuclear markers (830 bp of numt2, consisting of 140 bp of mtDNA control region
and 690 bp of flanking nuclear DNA; and 740 bp of numt3, consisting of 420 bp of rut cytochrome b
sequence flanked by 320 bp of nuclear DNA) to identify the species group most closely related to the
Darwin's finches. To this end, we analyzed the sequences of 28 species representing the main groups
(tribes) of the family Fringillidae, as well as 2 outgroup, species and 13 species of Darwin's finches. In
addition, we used mtDNA cytochrome b sequences of some 180 additional Fringillidae species from the
database for phylogeny reconstruction by maximum-parsimony, maximum-likelihood, minimumevolution, and neighborjoining methods. The study identifies the grassquit genus Tiaris, and specifically
the species Tiaris obscura, as the nearest living relative of Darwin's finches among the species surveyed.
Darwin's finches diverged from the Tiaris group shortly after the various extant species of Tiaris diverged
from one another. The initial adaptive radiation of the Tiaris group apparently occurred on the Caribbean
islands and then spread to Central and South America, from where the ancestors of Darwin's finches
departed for the Galápagos Islands approximately 2.3 MYA, at the time of the dramatic climatic changes
associated with the closure of the Panamanian isthmus and the onset of Pleistocene glaciation.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-310.
Publicación No.: 227 Feeding group size in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at Isla del
Coco: Communal foraging or resource defense? [Tamaño del grupo de alimentación en los delfines
nariz de botella (Tursiops truncatus) en la Isla del Coco: Forrajeo comunal o defensa del recurso?] /
Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A.; Donlan, J. (Western Washington University. Department of Biology, Bellingham,
WA 98225-9160, US <E-mail: acevedo@biol.wwu.edu>). International Conference on Foraging
Behaviour: Foraging/98: Nervous Systems to Ecosystems. Abstracts, University of California, Santa Cruz
US; July 21-24, 1998, p. 47.
(Abstract only).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 228 The amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica: A herpetofauna between two
continents, between two seas [Los anfibios y reptiles de Costa Rica: Una herpetofauna entre dos
continentes, entre dos mares] / Savage, J.M.; Fogden, M.P.L, (phot.).; Fogden, P, (phot.). (Rana Dorada
Enterprises, S.A., PMB 304, 3401 Adams Avenue, Suite A, San Diego, CA 92116-2490, US <E-mail:
savy1@cox.net>). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2002. 934 p. ISBN: 0-226-73537-0.
Este libro recoge 40 años de investigación de los anfibios y reptiles de Costa Rica, por parte del Dr.
Savage y sus colaboradores. Inicia con los siguientes capítulos: 1. Descubriendo la herpetofauna
tropical. Cap. 2. El ambiente costarricense. 3. Organización de la descripción sistemática. 4. Anfibios
(Clase Anfibia). 5. Cecilians (Orden Gymnophiona). 6. Salamandras (Orden Caudata). 7. Ranas y sapos
(Orden Anura). 8. Reptiles (Clase Reptilia). 9. Esquamates (Orden Squamata). 10. Lagartijas (Suborden
Sauria). 11. Serpientes (Suborden Serpentes). 12. Tortugas (Orden Testudinata). 13. Cocodrilos (Orden
Crocodilia). 14. Distribución ecológica de la herpetofauna. 15. Distribución geográfica: unidades
históricas, áreas faunísticas, endemismo y patrones generales. 16. Desarrollo de la herpetofauna.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 597.9097286 S264a.
Publicación No.: 229 Anthoathecatae and Leptothecatae hydroids from Costa Rica (Cnidaria:
Hydrozoa) [Hidroides de los Ordenes Anthoathecatae y Leptothecatae de Costa Rica (Cnidaria:
Hydrozoa)] / Kelmo, F.; Vargas-Castillo, R. (University of Plymouth. Benthic Ecology Research Group,
606 Davy Building, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL48AA, GB <E-mail: f.kelmo@plymouth.ac.uk>
<E-mail: ritav@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 50, no. 2, p.
599-627. 2002.
This paper is the first taxonomic account of the hydroid orders Anthoathecatae and Leptothecatae from
the Caribbean and Pacific coast of Costa Rica. All specimens are currently stored at the reference
collection of the Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica. Sixteen hydroid
species are recorded: Eudendrium carneum, Pennaria disticha, Acryptolaria longitheca, Plumularia
floridana, Halopteris polymorpha, Aglaophenia dubia, Aglaophenia latecarinata, Lytocarpia tridentata,
Macrorhynchia phillipina, Macrorhynchia sp., Clytia gracilis, Cnidoscyphus marginatus, Thyroscyphus
ramosus, Dynamena disticha, Sertularella diaphana, and Tridentata distans. An extensive synonymy has
been given for each species. A simplified taxonomic key is included, and illustrations and descriptions
are provided for each species.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 230 Humedales de Mesoamérica - Sitios Ramsar de Centroamérica y México
[Mesoamerican wetlands - Ramsar sites in Central America and Mexico] / Lahmann-Zeledón, E.J.;
Córdoba-Muñoz, R.; Hernández, G, (ed.). (UICN/ORMA, PO Box 146-2150, Moravia, San José, CR <Email: enrique.lahmann@iucn.org> <E-mail: rocio.cordoba@orma.iucn.org>). San José: Unión Mundial
para la Naturaleza, 1999. 38 pp.
Wetlands are beautiful places that are important to the environment and economy of our countries.
These are areas where water accumulates, sometimes during just a certain part of the year. Water can
be fresh, salt or a mixture of both, and either static or flowing. Wetlands include coasts, coral reefs,
lakes and ponds, rivers, estuaries and mangroves, foodplains, swamps and flood forests. Wetlands take
an active role in the water cycle, as water is continually recycled and land and sea and in the
atmosphere as part of a process that ensures ecological functions. Wetlands consequently play an
154
essential role in providing and maintaining the quality of water, which is the basic foundation of life on
our planet.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-475.
Publicación No.: 231 Evidence of different reproductive traits in the transisthmian sister
species, Alpheus saxidomus and A. simus (Decapoda, Caridea, Alpheidae): Description of the
first postembryonic stage / Wehrtmann, I.S.; Albornoz, L. (Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und
Meeresforschung,
Am
Handelshafen
12,
D-27570
Bremerhaven,
DE
<E-mail:
ingowehrtmann@gmx.de>). In: Marine Biology (ISSN 0025-3162), v. 140, no. 3, p. 605-612. 2002.
The emergence of the Isthmus of Panama, approximately 3.0-3.5 million years ago, established two
very different marine systems (the Caribbean and the eastern Pacific) and separated previously
continuous marine populations. The geographic isolation of transisthmian sister species provides an
excellent basis for the study of divergence and speciation processes. Here we describe the morphology
of the first postembryonic stage of Alpheus saxidomus and A. simus, two rock-boring alpheids; the
estimated time since divergence for this transisthmian pair ranges from 4.4-6.1 to 3-9 million years. The
presence of a first zoeal stage in A. saxidomus, e.g., without pleopods and a telson with 7+7 setae,
indicates a prolonged developmental sequence. In contrast, hatchlings of A. simus are substantially
more developed and resemble juveniles. Thus, the developmental modes of A. saxidomus and A. simus
are strikingly different with abbreviated, most probably direct, development in the latter species.
Reduced food availability in the Caribbean compared to the Pacific coast is likely to be a possible reason
for the evolution of such important differences in life history traits of the two transisthmian sister
species. It is suggested that a transition from prolonged toabbreviated development evolved gradually
during the estimated time since divergence; however, such a shift may have taken place within a
substantially smaller time span.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-657.
Publicación No.: 232 The Dryophthoridae of Costa Rica and Panama: checklist with keys, new
synonymy and descriptions of new species of Cactophagus, Mesocordylus, Metamasius and
Rhodobaenus (Coleoptera; Curculionidae) [Los Dryophthoridae de Costa Rica y Panamá: lista con
with key claves, nuevas sinonimias y descripciones de nuevas especies de Cactophagus, Mesocordylus,
Metamasius y Rhodobaenus (Coleoptera; Curculionidae)] / Anderson, R.S. (Canadian Museum of Nature.
Research Division, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, CA <E-mail: randerson@musnature.ca>). In: Zootaxa (ISSN 1175-5326 [print edition]), no. 80, p. 1-94. 2002.
The Dryophthoridae of Costa Rica and Panama are reviewed. A checklist is presented of the 127 species
in Costa Rica and 103 species in Panama. Keys are presented to genera and species. Twenty-four new
species are described as follows: Mesocordylyus redelmeieri Anderson (type locality; Guanacaste, Costa
Rica), Cactophagus dragoni Anderson (type locality; Chiriquí, Panamá), C. gasbarrinorum Anderson
(type locality; Chiriquí, Panamá), C. lineatus Anderson (type locality; San José, Costa Rica), C. lingorum
Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), C. morrisi Anderson (type locality; Chiriquí, Panamá),
C. riesenorum Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), C. silron Anderson (type locality;
Puntarenas, Costa Rica), C. sunatoriorum Anderson (type locality; Chiriquí, Panamá), Metamasius
atwoodi Anderson (type locality; Cocos Island, Costa Rica), M. bellorum Anderson (type locality;
Chiriquí, Panamá), M. burcheri Anderson (type locality; Cartago, Costa Rica), M. gallettae Anderson
(type locality; Darien, Panamá), M. hooveri Anderson (type locality; Limón, Costa Rica), M. leopardinus
Anderson (type locality; Guanacaste, Costa Rica), M. murdiei Anderson (type locality; Cartago, Costa
Rica), M. richdeboeri Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), M. shchepaneki Anderson (type
locality; Panamá, Panamá), M. vaurieae Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), M.
wolfensohni Anderson (type locality; Guanacaste, Costa Rica), Rhodobaenus howelli Anderson
(Puntarenas, Costa Rica),R. labrecheae Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), R. patriciae
Anderson (type locality; Puntarenas, Costa Rica), and R. tenorio Anderson (type locality; Limón, Costa
Rica). New country records are as follows: Toxorhinus grallarius (Lacordaire) (Costa Rica),
Alloscolytoproctus peruanus Hustache (Panama), Cactophagus aurofasciatus (Breme) (Panamá) and
Metamasius scutiger Champion (Costa Rica). The genera Toxorhinus Lacordaire and Cosmopolites
Chevrolat are transferred from Sphenophorini to Litosomini. Notes about the natural history and plant
associations for all new species are given where available and long-term benefits accrue to collectors and
countries of collection.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9007. BINA-474.
Publicación No.: 233 The genus Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)
in the Tropical Eastern Pacific [El género Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)
en el Pacífico oriental tropical] / Reid, D.G. (The Natural History Museum. Department of Zoology,
London SW7 5BD, GB). In: The Veliger (ISSN 0042-3211), v. 42, no. 1, p. 21-53. 1999.
Six species of Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834, are recognized in the Panamic Province: L. pintado
pullata (Carpenter, 1864), L. varia (Sowerby, 1832), L. zebra (Donovan, 1825), L. variegata (Souleyet,
in Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852) (=L. fasciata ofauthors, not Gray, 1839), L. rosewateri new species, and L.
aberrans (Philippi, 1846). The shell, reproductive anatomy, and radula of each are described and
illustrated. Three possible interspecific hybrids are recorded. Littoraria pintado pullata occurson oceanic
rocky shores, but the others are found in mangrove habitats. Distribution maps are given. This diversity
of species is much lower than in the Indo-West Pacific, and only L. pintado is common to the two
provinces. Morphological comparison does not suggest any obvious sister-species pairs on either side of
the Isthmus of Panama, supporting the idea that speciation and/or extinction since the formation of the
Isthmus has obscured such relationships. Phylogenetic relationships with other members of the genus
155
are discussed. Comparisons of shell morphology confirm trends previously demonstrated in Indo-West
Pacific species: those species zoned at higher levels on mangrove trees have thinner shells and are more
variable (or polymorphic) in shell color. Extreme intraspecific variation in radular morphology is
described in three of these species. Littoraria aberrans is one of only four ovoviviparous species with
intracapsular metamorphosis in the Littorinidae.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8491.
Publicación No.: 234 A re-appraisal of the type material of Plagiothecium drepanophyllum
[Revaluación del material tipo de Plagiothecium drepanophyllum] / Ochyra, R.; Buck, W.R. (Polish
Academy of Sciences. Institute of Botany, Ul Lubicz 46, PL-31512 Kraków, PL <E-mail:
bbuck@nybg.org>). In: The Bryologist (ISSN 0007-2745), v. 105, no. 4, p. 641-644. 2002.
The type material of Plagiothecium drepanophyllum Renauld & Cardot from Cocos Island off the Pacific
coast of Costa Rica is re-assessed, and some details of its gametophyte are illustrated. It is inseparable
from, and thus synonymous with Lepidopilumscabrisetum (Schwagr.) Steere. Accordingly the correct
name for the widely distributed and most common Neotropical species of Plagiothecium, which has so far
been called P. drepanophyllum, is P. standleyi E. B. Bartram, described from Guatemala. The type
material of P. standleyi is briefly assessed and some of its diagnostic characters are illustrated.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-3.
Publicación No.: 235 Batimetría de la plataforma insular alrededor de la Isla del Coco, Costa
Rica [Bathymetry of the insular shelf around Cocos Island, Costa Rica] / Lizano-Rodríguez, O.G.
(Universidad de Costa Rica. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, San José, CR
<E-mail: olizano@cariari.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 49, Suppl.
2, p. 163-170. 2001.
The bathymetry of Coco's Island (UNESCO Natural and Cultural World Patrimony), located approximately
500 km from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, is not well known. It has a high marine biodiversity and also
represents a meeting site for many speciestraveling throughout the Pacific Ocean. The insular shelf is
irregular in extension and also in bathymetric features. The northeast limit is defined by the 109.8-128.1
m contours (60-70 fathoms) while the 183 m contour (100 fathoms) practically defines the rest of the
island, from which the depth gradient is steep. The maximum extension is to the northeast with a
longitude of 13 km. In this context the present limits of the marine park (5 km), are insufficient to
protect the whole insular shelf. Currentregulation should be modified to prevent fishing activities less
than 15 km from the Island.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R. Biblioteca Luis D. Tinoco: 570R.
Publicación No.: 236 Tortoise beetles of Costa Rica: new records and localities (Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) [Abejones tortugas de Costa Rica: nuevos registros y localidades
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)] / Chaboo, C.S. (American Museum of Natural History.
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024-5192, US <Email: chaboo@amnh.org>). In: Genus (ISSN 0867-1710), v. 14, no. 1, p. 109-120. 2003.
Sixteen species in 12 genera in the cassidine tribes Cassidini, Delocraniini, Goniocheniini, Physonotini,
Spilophorini, and Stolaini, are reported from Costa Rica for the first time. Localities for these new
records are presented. Data are based on collections accumulated under the intensive survey of Costa
Rica by Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: BINA-545. Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
Publicación No.: 237 Stratiomyidae of Cocos Island, Costa Rica (Diptera) [Stratiomyidae
(Diptera) de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] / Woodley, N.E. (National Museum of Natural History.
USDA/ARS; PSI; Systematic Entomology Laboratory; NHB 168, Washington, DC 20560, US). In:
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington (ISSN 0013-8797), v. 93, no. 2, p. 457-462.
1991.
Two species of stratiomyid flies are recorded from Cocos Island, an oceanic island in the tropical eastern
Pacific Ocean. Merosargus insularis Curran, an endemic species described in 1934 is found to be
common on the island, and Cyphomyia whiteheadi is described as new. Both species belong to large,
widespread Neotropical genera.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8968.
Publicación No.: 238 New Mexican and Central American species of Acanthoderini with notes
on others, part I. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) [Nuevas especies Mexicanas y
Centroamericanas de Acanthoderini con apuntes sobre otras, parte I. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae,
Lamiinae)] / Chemsak, J.A.; Hovore, F.T. (University of California at Berkeley. Essig Museum of
Entomology, Wellman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, US <E-mail: jachensak@aol.com> <E-mail:
fthovore@thevine.net>). In: Les Cahiers Magellanes (ISSN 1624-1940), no. 15, p. 1-32. 2002.
Twenty eight new species or subspecies of Mexican and Central American Acanthoderini are described
and illustrated. New species of Acanthoderes sensu latu include: A. albifrons (Mexico), A. aliciae
(Mexico), A. alpina (Guatemala). A. aniplifrons (Mexico), A. amplitoris (Mexico), A. ariasi (Panama), A.
barrerai (Mexico). A. bicolor (Mexico). A. cavei (Honduras), A. ferruginea (Guatemala), A. flavomaculata
(Guatemala. Honduras), A. giesberti (Guatemala), A. hondurae (Honduras), A. latiforma (Mexico.
Honduras). A. linsleyi (Mexico to Honduras), A. maccartvi (Mexico). A. noguerai (Mexico), A. paravetusta
(Costa Rica, Panama). A. parva (Guatemala). A. penrosei (Panama). A. ramirezi (Mexico), A. solisi
(Costa Rica), A. wappesi (Guatemala). New species ofTetrasarus Bates include : T. lezamai (Costa Rica),
T. nanus (Guatemala). T. similis (Panama), and a key to the known species of Tetrasarus is provided.
156
New Acakyra Martins & Galileo described are A. ocellata (Costa Rica, Panama) and A. ocellata onca
(Panama). Redescriptions are given for Acanthoderes circumflexa Jacquelin du Val. Acanthoderes borrei
Dugés, and Acanthoderes nigritarsis White. Color images are provided for all new and redescribed
species. and selected comparative material. Acanthoderes cocoensis Linsley & Chemsak is transferred to
the genus Oreodera Audinet-Serville, new combination (to be continued In: Les Cahiers Magellanes
16:1-26. 2002).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S10179. Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
Publicación No.: 239 New Mexican and Central American species of Acanthoderini with notes
on others, part II. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) [Nuevas especies Mexicanas y
Centroamericanas de Acanthoderini con apuntes sobre otras, parte II. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae,
Lamiinae)] / Chemsak, J.A.; Hovore, F.T. (University of California at Berkeley. Essig Museum of
Entomology, Wellman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, US <E-mail: jachensak@aol.com> <E-mail:
fthovore@thevine.net>). In: Les Cahiers Magellanes (ISSN 1624-1940), no. 16, p. 1-26. 2002.
(Continuation from Les Cahiers Magellanes 16:1-26. 2002)
Twenty eight new species or subspecies of Mexican and Central American Acanthoderini are described
and illustrated. New species of Acanthoderes sensu latu include: A. albifrons (Mexico), A. aliciae
(Mexico), A. alpina (Guatemala). A. aniplifrons (Mexico), A. amplitoris (Mexico), A. ariasi (Panama), A.
barrerai (Mexico). A. bicolor (Mexico). A. cavei (Honduras), A. ferruginea (Guatemala), A. flavomaculata
(Guatemala, Honduras), A. giesberti (Guatemala), A. hondurae (Honduras), A. latiforma (Mexico.
Honduras). A. linsleyi (Mexico to Honduras), A. maccartyi (Mexico). A. noguerai (Mexico), A. paravetusta
(Costa Rica, Panama). A. parva (Guatemala). A. penrosei (Panama). A. ramirezi (Mexico), A. solisi
(Costa Rica), A. wappesi (Guatemala). New species of Tetrasarus Bates include : T lezamai (Costa Rica),
T. nanus (Guatemala). T. similis (Panama), and a key to the known species of Tetrasarus is provided.
New Acakyra Martins & Galileo described are A. ocellata (Costa Rica. Panama) and A. ocellata onca
(Panama). Redescriptions are given for Acanthoderes circumflexa Jacquelin du Val. Acanthoderes borrei
Dugés, and Acanthoderes nigritarsis White. Color images are provided for all new and redescribed
species. and selected comparative material. Acanthoderes cocoensis Linsley & Chemsak is transferred to
the genus Oreodera Audinet-Serville, new combination.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S10178. Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
Publicación No.: 240 Systematics and phylogeny of Sparganothina and related taxa
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini) [Sistemática y filogenia de Sparganothina y taxones
relacionados (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini)] / Landry, B.; Powell, J.A. (Muséum d'histoire
naturelle, C.P. 6434, CH-1211 Genève 6, CH <E-mail: bernard.landry@mhn.ville-ge.ch> <E-mail:
powellj@nature.berkeley.edu>). Berkeley, CA: University of California, 2001. 82 pp. (University of
California Publications in Entomology; v. 121). ISBN: 0-520-09840-4.
A phylogenetic analysis of Sparganothina species and representatives of nine other genera of
Sparganothini is provided. Nineteen species are considered to belong to Sparganothina Powell on the
basis of the presence of a ventral projection on the female ductus bursae and of large, rounded, and free
lateral plates of the female sternum VIII. Ten additional species are placed in "Sparganothina" and five
others in "Coelostathma," pending a better phylogenetic understanding of Coelostathma and the closely
related genera Amorbia and Rhynchophyllis. The following thirty new species are described: from
MEXICO: Durango, S. alta; Guerrero, S. setosa; Jalisco, S. neoamoebaea; Sinaloa, S. ternaria, S.
spinulosa, S. cultrata, and S. irregularis; Veracruz, S. cristata, S. veracruzana, S. anopla, and "S. "
browni; from COSTA RICA: Alajuela, S. volcanica; Cartago, S. trispinosa and S. pollicis; Guanacaste, "S.
" flammea, "S. " inbiana, and "C. " continua; Heredia, "S. " laselvana and "C. "pygmaea; Isla del Coco,
C. " cocoana and "C. " caerulea; Puntarenas, S. nana and "S. " aureola; San José, "S. " costaricana and
"C. " xocoatlana; from ECUADOR: Napo, S. tena; Pichincha, S. lutea; from BOLIVIA: La Paz, "S. "
covelli; from BRAZIL: Sao Paulo, S. beckeri; and from VENEZUELA: Aragua, "S. " venezolana.
Sparganothina xanthista (Walsingham), S. amoebaea (Walsingham), "S. " decagramma (Meyrick), and
"S. "nephela (Walsingham) are redescribed. A lectotype is designated for Sparganothis nephela
Walsingham. Thirty-one species are illustrated in color.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: U. Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
Publicación No.: 241 A taxonomic revision of the genera Phrygionis Hübner and Pityeja Walker
(Geometridae: Ennominae, Palyadini) [Revisión taxonómica de los géneros Phrygionis Hübner y
Pityeja Walker (Geometridae: Ennominae, Palyadini)] / Malcolm, J.; Scoble, F.L.S. (The Natural History
Museum. Department of Entomology, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, GB). In: Zoological Journal of
the Linnean Society (ISSN 0024-4082), v. 111, p. 99-160. 1994.
Phrygionis and Pityeja belong to the Palyadini, a tribe of neotropical Ennominae. The moths of both
genera bear striking wing markings and mere variants were frequently described as species with the
consequence that species diversity was overestimated. Numerous taxonomic changes are made in this
work based on the study of primary types and much other material. Variation and distribution is
recorded for each species and subspecies. Phylogenetic relationships within Phrygionis are examined,
and comments are made on the evolution of wing pattern within this genus. Fifteen full species are
recognized in this study (13 in Phrygionis and two in Pityeja), of which four (all in Phrygionis) are
described as new; 19 species-group (specific and subspecific) names refer to valid taxa. Twenty-four
species-group names are synonymized (19 in Phrygionis and five in Pityeja) and five are recombined
with different genera (four with Phrygionis and one with Pityeja). Three generic names are synonymized
(one in Phrygionis and two in Pityeja).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-698. Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
157
Publicación No.: 242 Ptyctimous mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Costa Rica [Acaros (Acari: Oribatida)
de Costa Rica] / Niedbala, W. (Adam Mickiewicz University at Poznan. Department of Animal Taxonomy
& Ecology, Szamarzewskiego 91A, PL-60059 Poznan, PL <E-mail: niedbala@amu.edu.pl>). In: Annales
Zoologici (Warsaw) (ISSN 0003-4541), v. 53, no. 2, p. 259-334. 2003.
The fauna of ptyctimous mites of Costa Rica has been described and analysed. At nearly 200 localities in
all provinces of Costa Rica, 76 species of ptyctimous mites (6 Mesoplophoridae, 31 Euphthiracaroidea,
39 Phthiracaroidea) represented by over 3300 specimens have been found. Over 40% of species are
new to science. Descriptions of 32 new species have been given: Mesoplophora (Parplophora) bacula sp.
nov., Oribotritia alajuela sp. nov., O. allocota sp. nov., O. brevisetosa sp. nov., O. laselvae sp. nov., O.
nasalis sp. nov., O. partita sp. nov., Mesotritia semota sp. nov., Euphthiracarus evexus sp. nov., E.
pedanos sp. nov., E. serangos sp. nov., E. tesselatus sp. nov., E. tumidus sp. nov., Rhysotritia meristos
sp. nov., R. parallelos sp. nov., Phthiracarus lotus sp. nov., Plonaphacaras baculus sp. nov.,
Austrophthiracarus nexilis sp. nov., A. retrorsus sp. nov., Austrophthiracarus zeuktos sp. nov.,
Arphthicarus allocotos sp. nov., A. iubatus sp. nov., A. pararidiculus sp. nov., A. parasaucius sp.nov., A.
pervalidus sp. nov., Protophthiracarus clandestinus sp. nov., P. heteropilosus sp. nov., P. heterosetosus
sp. nov., Notophthiracarus pedanos sp. nov., Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) frondeus sp. nov.,
Atropacarus (Atropacarus) antrosus sp. nov., A.(A) folious sp. nov. The identification keys of the
families, genera and species with figures of the species are presented. On the basis of the data collected,
it is difficult to distinguish between the fauna of ptyctimous mites from the western and eastern coast, or
north-western and south-eastern parts of the country. The most abundant species, whose
representatives make over 30% of all ptyctimous mite specimens found in all samples, is pantropical
Plonaphacarus kugohi occurring mainly in the rain forest La Selva. The fauna of ptyctimous mites of
Costa Rica is to a large extent harmonic. Euphthiracaroidea are represented by all main genera, whereas
from among Phthiracaroidea the genera Hoplophthiracarus and Steganacarus have not been
represented, andthe gondwanian Notophthiracarus was represented by only one species. The fauna of
ptyctimous mites in Costa Rica is typically Neotropical. Over 21% species are widespread:
semicosmopolitan and pantropical, the others are neotropical. From among the latter only 18% are
widespread in the Neotropical region, 35% are bound with Mexican subregion, and nearly half (46%) are
restricted to Costa Rica, including 17% of endemic species. The fauna of ptyctimous mites of the region
is weakly related to the fauna of Nearctic region, only a few of the species reach the south states of the
USA.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9116. Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
Publicación No.: 243 Estado actual del conocimiento y la conservación de los moluscos
continentales de Costa Rica [Update on research and conservation of continental molluscs in Costa
Rica] / Barrientos-Llosa, Z. (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad. Departamento de Malacología, Apdo.
22-3100, Santo Domingo de Heredia, CR <E-mail: zbarr@inbio.ac.cr>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical
(ISSN 0034-7744), v. 51, Suppl. 3, p. 285-292. 2003.
The high biodiversity level in Costa Rica reflects a complex topography as well as species input from
South and North America, including the Caribbean. However, terrestrial malacofauna is not very diverse
when compared with other groups such as insects. A possible cause is the scarcity of soil rich in calcium
carbonate. Endemism is 31 % in terrestrial species and 8% in freshwater species. A total of 233 species
and subspecies have been reported from the country (50 freshwater and 183 terrestrial). Dangerous
influences for the continental mollusks include water pollution, deforestation and the destruction of
calcium-rich habitats (they have no legal protection). I recommend the protection of calcium-rich soil
still covered by forest, wetlands, siteswith high abundance or biodiversity, and mountain forests
(especially those over 1500 m of altitude). Taxonomic and ecologic studies are the priority for
conservation biology of the Costa Rican mollusks.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 244 Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación: Parques nacionales y otras
áreas silvestres protegidas de Costa Rica / Mena-Araya, Y.; Artavia-Zamora, G. (Ministerio de
Ambiente y Energía. Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación; Equipo de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas,
San José, CR). San José: MINAE, 1998. 67 pp.
La labor realizada en el país durante las últimas décadas en el campo de la conservación, es producto de
los esfuerzos compartidos por el Estado y la comunidad nacional, lo cual ha otorgado al país un
reconocimiento y una responsabilidad que exige afrontar con novedosos y eficientes planteamientos, los
retos del desarrollo sostenible para el próximo siglo. Con el establecimiento del Sistema Nacional de
Áreas de Conservación se propone resguardar los ecosistemas más sobresalientes, integrando los
gobiernos locales, empresa privada, organizaciones e individuos en las iniciativas de conservación de los
recursos naturales del país. En este documento se presentan los aspectos más relevantes sobre la
gestión del Sistema Nacional de Areas de Conservación,con la intención de satisfacer la demanda de
información requerida por la población estudiantil y otros interesados en el tema. Se describe el marco
conceptual y estructura de la nueva organización, y se resume la situación actual de las áreas
silvestresprotegidas del país. El Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (SINAC) surge como parte
de un proceso de modernización del esquema de gestión administrativo y de manejo de los recursos
naturales del país que se viene desarrollando desde el decenio de los setentas. La puesta en operación
de este enfoque ha implicado fuertes cambios conceptuales y administrativos, así como la formulación
de los cambios jurídicos necesarios para consolidar el SINAC. Este nuevo modelo de gestión está
orientado a satisfacer los requerimientos de una nueva administración de las áreas silvestres protegidas
y a satisfacer las necesidades socioeconómicas de las comunidades aledañas a éstas, mediante su
158
integración al desarrollo regional. Las Áreas de Conservación sirven de enlace entre las organizaciones
locales y nacionales, en procura de un aprovechamiento racional de los recursos naturales disponibles y
la búsqueda de soluciones conjuntas a la problemática ambiental de la región. El fundamento de la
gestión del SINAC consiste en integrar, por una parte, las áreas silvestres protegidas a la sociedad por
medio de la producción de bienes y servicios, así como desarrollar los medios para que la sociedad
participe en la administración de las mismas. Por otra parte, fomenta el manejo de los recursos
naturales por parte del sector privado, organizaciones e individuos mediante el apoyo a iniciativas de
producción sostenibles que aseguren la conservación de los sistemas esenciales para la vida.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: AD 481.
Publicación No.: 245 Contribución al estudio de los Pezizales (Ascomycotina) de Costa Rica
[Contribution to the study of the Pezizales (Ascomycotina) of Costa Rica] / Calonge, F.D.; Iturriaga, T.;
Mata, M.; Carranza-Velázquez, J. (CSIC, Real Jardín Botánico, Plaza Murillo 2, Madrid, ES <E-mail:
calonge@ma-rjb.csic.es>
<E-mail:
titurri@usb.ve>
<E-mail:
mmata@inbio.ac.cr>
<E-mail:
julietac@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Boletín de la Sociedad Micológica de Madrid (ISSN 0214-140X), v. 27,
p. 21-32. 2003.
More than 400 herbarium collections of Pezizales have been observed during the confection of this work.
As a result of this research on the taxonomy, chorology and ecology of these fungi, 46 taxa have been
identified, and within them the following six species represent new records to Costa Rica: Aurophora
dochmia, Glaziella aurantiaca, Gyromitra esculenta, Morchella esculenta, Plectania rhytidia and Winnea
gigantea.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9113. NBINA-2261. Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
Publicación No.: 246 The little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata: distribution, impact, and
control [La pequeña hormiga de fuego, Wasmannia auropunctata: distribución, impacto y control] /
Wetterer, J.K.; Porter, S.D. (Florida Atlantic University, Wilkes Honors Coll, 5353 Parkside Dr, Jupiter, FL
33458, US <E-mail: wetterer@fau.edu> <E-mail: sdp@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu>). In: Sociobiology (ISSN
0361-6525), v. 42, no. 1, p. 3-41. 2003.
The little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata has been increasing in importance as an exotic pest. Here
we review published and unpublished information on its distribution, ecology, impact, and control.
Wasmannia auropunctata occurs throughout most of the warmer parts of the New World, from
subtropical Argentina to subtropical Mexico and through much of the Caribbean, though it is not clear
whether this species is native to this entire region. During the past century, exotic populations of W.
auropunctata have become established in numerous other places, including the Galapagos Islands, West
Africa (Gabon, Cameroon, and possibly the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo),
Melanesia (New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and possibly Tuvalu), Polynesia (Wallis and
Futuna and Hawaii), the mainland US (Florida and possibly California), and on subtropical Atlantic islands
(the Bahamas and Bermuda). The latitudinal range of known outdoors populations of W. auropunctata is
from 32°40'Sin Argentina to 32°20'N in Bermuda. Wasmannia auropunctata is also a greenhouse pest in
more temperate regions, such as England and Canada. In many areas, W. auropunctata can be a
significant agricultural pest, not only stinging agricultural workers, butalso enhancing populations of
Homoptera. Homoptera cause damage both through sapping plants of nutrients and by increasing the
occurrence of diseases, including viral and fungal infections. In addition, W. auropunctata has negative
impacts on many animals, both invertebrates and vertebrates, though most reports on such impact have
been anecdotal. The impacts of W. auropunctata populations seem to be most severe on tropical islands
where it is not native, such as the Galapagos, New Caledonia, and the Solomon Islands. Reports of
widespread blindness in both domestic and native mammals caused by W. auropunctata stings deserve
serious attention. Chemical control of W. auropunctata maybe possible for small exotic populations
spread over a few dozen hectaresor less. For large exotic infestations, the only hope for long-term
control appears to be classical biocontrol.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9114.
Publicación No.: 247 Revision of the genus Clibadium (Asteraceae, Heliantheae) [Revisión del
género Clibadium (Asteraceae, Heliantheae)] / Arriagada, J.E. (St. Cloud State University. Department of
Biological Sciences, St Cloud, MN 56301, US <E-mail: jarriagada@stcloudstate.edu>). In: Brittonia
(ISSN 0007-196X), v. 55, no. 3, p. 245-301. 2003.
Clibadium L. (Asteraceae, Heliantheae) is a genus of 29 species distributed throughout Latin America,
from Mexico to Peru, and in the West Indies, with high numbers of species in Costa Rica, Colombia, and
Ecuador. Clibadium includes shrubs and small trees; usually with loosely aggregated capitula;
herbaceous phyllaries arranged in 1-5 series; receptacles usually paleaceous throughout; corollas of
pistillate florets 2-4-lobed; corollas of the staminate florets 4-5-lobed; purple to black anthers; and
chromosome numbers all n = 16. Two sections of species previously recognized are here considered as
subgenera (subg. Paleata and subg. Clibadium) containing two and four sections, respectively. Clibadium
subg. Paleata contains five species distributed insects. Eggersia (3 spp.) and Trixidium (2 spp.), and
subg. Clibadium has 24 species distributed among sects. Clibadium (6 spp.), Glomerata (9 spp.),
Grandifolia (5 spp.), and Oswalda (4 spp.).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1550.
Publicación No.: 248 Octocorals from Costa Rica: The genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata:
Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) [Octocorales de Costa Rica: El género Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata:
Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)] / Breedy-Shadid, O.; Guzmán-Espinal, H.M. (Universidad de Costa Rica.
Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), San José, CR <E-mail:
159
odalisca@racsa.co.cr> <E-mail: guzmanh@naos.si.edu>). In: Zootaxa (ISSN 1175-5326 [print
edition]), no. 281, p. 1-60. 2003.
Species of the genus Pacifigorgia are surveyed for the first time in the shallow Pacific seas off Costa
Rica. They are identified and described with detailed illustrations. The main collection belongs to the
Zoology Museum, University of Costa Rica. Most of this material has been collected by means of SCUBA.
This regional account of Pacifigorgia includes four species that were previously described: P. adamsii, P.
eximia, P. irene and P. stenobrochis, and another nine that are new species.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9421. Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
Publicación No.: 249 Costa Rica´s scorpions IV. Species accounts [Escorpiones costarricenses IV.
Descripción de especies] / Víquez-Núñez, C. (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Apartado
Postal 22-3100, Santo Domingo de Heredia, CR <E-mail: cviquez@inbio.ac.cr>). In: Sklípkan, Plzen
[The Tarantula] (ISSN 1212-5261), v. 8, no. 2, p. 44-47. 2003.
Reseña de ocho escorpiones de Costa Rica: Isometrus maculatus, Tityus championi, T. dedoslargos, T.
ocelote, T. pachyurus, Chactas exsul, Didymocentrs krausi y Opisthacanthus valerioi, con la descripción
de su tamaño, características morfológicas, hábitat, hábitos alimentarios, mapas de distribución en
Costa Rica y en el mundo y su abundancia relativa.
Localización: Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
Publicación No.: 250 Manual de plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen II. Gimnospermas y
monocotiledóneas (Agavaceae-Musaceae) / Hammel, B.E, (ed.).; Grayum, M.H, (ed.).; HerreraMora, C, (ed.).; Zamora-Villalobos, N.A, (ed.).; Troyo-Jiménez, S, (il.).; Crow, G.E.; Faden, R.B.;
Goldblatt, P.; Gómez-Laurito, J.; Grant, J.S.; Grayum, M.H.; Hammel, B.E.; Hensold, N.; Kennedy, H.;
Kress, W.J.; Maas, P.J.M.; Maas-van de Kamer, H.; Meerow, A.W.; Merello, M.; Morales-Quirós, J.F.
(Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Apdo. 22-3100, Santo Domingo de Heredia, CR <E-mail:
bhammel@inbio.ac.cr> <E-mail: grayum@mobot.org> <E-mail: cherrera@inbio.ac.cr> <E-mail:
nzamora@inbio.ac.cr> <E-mail: stroyo@inbio.ac.cr>). In: Monographs in Systematic Botany from the
Missouri Botanical Garden (ISSN 0161-1542), v. 92, no. 2, 694 pp. 2003. ISBN: 1-930723-22-9.
The Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica is a concise, illustrated guide to all of the species of native,
naturalized, and commercially cultivated seed plants of this Central American country, which lies
between Nicaragua and Panama and is thus centered in isthmian Central America- a biogeographical
funnel between South- and North America, densely rich in species and geological history. The Manual is
the first comprehensive Spanish-language account of the Costa Rican flora. The work is presented in a
series of several volumes, Volume II, including all the gymnosperms and part of the monocots, is the
first to appear. Nearly one half of the species in this volume are distributed among three large,
economically and ornamentally important families: the Araceae (Philodendron, etc.) with 248 species,
the Arecaceae (the palms) with 109 species, and the Bromeliaceae (pineapple, etc.) with 195 species. In
total, 1125 species of monocots in 35 families are presented. Gymnosperms, of low diversity in the
tropics,with only five families and 13 species in Costa Rica that fit the Manual's general criteria of native,
naturalized, or commercially cultivated, are fully treated. Besides brief formal descriptions and informal
notes about each of a total of 40 families, 190 genera, and 1136 species of seed plants, this
identification manual contains keys to all the gymnosperm and monocot families treated in the series, as
well as to the genera and species included within this volume. In all, 218 original line drawings and 40
black-and-white photographs illustrate the treatments.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 581.97286 M294. PV. LC. LS.
Publicación No.: 251 Additional records of stomatopod crustaceans from Isla del Coco and
Golfo de Papagayo, East Pacific Ocean [Registros adicionales de crustáceos estomatópodos de la Isla
del Coco y el Golfo de Papagayo, Océano Pacífico Oriental] / Camp, D.K.; Kuck, H.G. (Florida Marine
Research Institute, 100 Eighth Ave. SE, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701-5095 US). In: Proceedings of the
Biological Society of Washington (ISSN 0006-324X), v. 103, no. 4, p. 847-853. 1990.
Four species of stomatopod crustaceans are reported from Isla del Coco, East Pacific Ocean:
Gonodactylus zacae Manning, 1972; Pseudosquilla adiastalta Manning, 1964; Crenatosquilla oculinova
(Glassell, 1942); and Heterosquilloides mccullochae (Schmitt, 1940). Three of the species, G. zacae, C.
oculinova, and H. mccullochae, are reported from Isla del Coco for the first time. The only other
stomatopod known from there is Neocoronida cocosiana (Manning, 1972). A monodactyla postlarva,
tentatively assigned to P. adiastalta, is briefly characterized and illustrated. Records from the Golfo de
Papagayo, Costa Rica, of Squilla panamensis Bigelow, 1891, and the poorly known S. biformis Bigelow,
1891, are also presented. The original definition of Crenatosquilla Manning, 1984, contained errors that
are corrected here. Heterosquilloides mccullochae is shown to differ from the current definition of every
family in the superfamily to which the species is assigned.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 252 Three new muricacean species from Cocos Island (Costa Rica): Muricidae
and Coralliophilidae [Tres nuevas especies de gastrópodos muricáceos de la Isla del Coco (Costa
Rica): Muricidae y Coralliophilidae] / Myers, B.W.; D'Attilio, A. (3761 Mt. Augustus Ave, San Diego, CA
92111, US). In: Venus: Japanese Journal of Malacology (ISSN 0042-3580), v. 49, no. 4, p. 281-292.
1990.
Three new species of muricacean gastropods are described that are apparently endemic to Cocos Island,
Costa Rica. There are Favartia cocosensis n. sp., which has no close congeners in the eastern Pacific;
Muricopsis westonensis n. sp., which has a papillose protoconch more typically found in the Ocenebrinae
160
genus Trachypollia Woodring, 1928 and Coralliophila rocausuciae n. sp., which differs morphologically
from all of its congeners by the presence of apertural denticles.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2047.
Publicación No.: 253 Four new species of Hypolytrum Rich. (Cyperaceae) from Costa Rica and
Brazil [Cuatro nuevas especies de Hypolytrum Rich. (Cyperaceae) de Costa Rica y Brasil] / Alves, M.V.;
Thomas, Wm.W. (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Departamento de Botanica, , Av Moraes Rego
sn, 50670-901, Recife, PE, BR <E-mail: sedges@terra.com.br> <E-mail: wthomas@nybg.org>). In:
Feddes Repertorium (ISSN 0014-8962), v. 113, no. 3/4, p. 261-270. 2002.
Four new species of Hypolytrum Rich. (Cyperaceae) of section Hypolytrum, from Isla del Coco (Costa
Rica) and Brazil are described and illustrated. Hypolytrum amplissimum sp. nova is a robust species with
lax synflorescence and common in the lowlands of Isla del Coco. Hypolytrum espiritosantense sp. nova,
H. glomerulatum sp. nova and H. lucennoi sp. nova occur in Northeastern - Southeastern Brazil. They
are robust species, with synflorescences somewhat condensed to lax, paraclades patent to reflexed, and
the spikes can be in terminal clusters.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1193.
Publicación No.: 254 Acanthemblemaria atrata and Acanthemblemaria mangognatha, new
species of eastern Pacific barnacle blennies (Chaenopsidae) from Isla del Coco, Costa Rica,
and Islas Revillagigedo, Mexico, and their relationships with other barnacle blennies
[Acanthemblemaria atrata y Acanthemblemaria mangognatha, nuevas especies de persebes del Pacífico
oriental (Chaenopsidae) de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica y las Islas Revillagigedo, México y sus relaciones
con otros chaenópsidos] / Hastings, P.A.; Robertson, D.R. (University of California. Scripps Institution of
Oceanography 0208, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Folla, CA 92093-0208, US <E-mail:
ross.robertson@stri.org>). In: Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie, Herpetologie (ISSN 0399-1075), v. 25,
no. 3/4, p. 107-118. 1998.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 255 New volcanological and volatile data provide strong support for the
continuous existence of Galapagos Islands over the past 17 million years [Nuevos datos
volcanológicos y volátiles suministran un fuerte apoyo a la existencia continua de las Islas Galápagos
durante los últimos 17 millones de años] / Werner, R.; Hoernle, K. (Tethys Geoconsuting GmbH,
Wischhofstr 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, DE <E-mail: rwerner@geomar.de> <E-mail: khoernle@geomar.de>).
In: International Journal of Earth Sciences (ISSN 1437-3254), v. 92, no. 6, p. 904-911. 2003.
The first systematic rock sampling of volcanoes along the Galapagos hotspot tracks (the aseismic Cocos,
Carnegie, Malpelo and Coiba ridges and adjacent seamounts) in the area between the Galapagos Islands
and Central and South America was carried outon R/V Sonne cruise 144-3. Guyot-shaped seamounts,
paleo-beach or intertidal wave-cut platform deposits, the structure and texture of volcanic rocks, and
low sulfur contents of fresh glasses dredged at these volcanoes imply that ocean islands existed
continuously above the Galapagos hotspot for at least the past 17 million years. These new data
significantly extend the time period over which the unique endemic Galapagos fauna could have evolved,
providing a complete solution to the long-standing enigma of the evolution of Galapagos land and
marine iguanas.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1157.
Publicación No.: 256 New taxa, new records and redefined concepts in the Elaphoglossum
sect. Elaphoglossum subsec. Pachyglossa (Lomariopsidaceae) from Mexico and Central
America [Nuevos taxones, nuevos registros y conceptos redefinidos en los Elaphoglossum sect.
Elaphoglossum subsec. Pachyglossa (Lomariopsidaceae) de México y Centroamérica] / Rojas-Alvarado,
A.F. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Apdo. 1031-7050, Cartago, CR <E-mail:
afrojasa@hotmail.com>). In: Revista de Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 51, no. 1, p. 1-32.
2003.
Twelve new species are described in the taxonomically difficult Elaphoglossum (sect. Elaphoglossum):
Elaphoglossum angustifrons A. Rojas, E. delgadilloanum A. Rojas, E. ellipticifolium A. Rojas, E.
incognitum A. Rojas, E. mesoamericanum A. Rojas, E. nicaraguense A. Rojas, E. polypodium A. Rojas, E.
rejeroanum A. Rojas, E. reptans A. Rojas, E. terrestre A. Rojas, E. variabile A. Rojas and E. zavale A.
Rojas. Also. E. latifolium (Sw.) J. Sm., E. sartorii (Liebm.) Mickel and E. viride (E. Fourn.) C. Chr. are
amended, E. andicola (He) T. Moore and E. sporadolepis (Kunze ex Kuhn) T. Moore are reported.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R.
Publicación No.: 257 Tardigrades (Tardigrada) from the western part of the Central Valley,
Costa Rica with some ecological annotations [Tardígrados (Tardigrada) de la parte oriental del Valle
Central, Costa Rica con algunos apuntes ecológicos] / Herrera-Vásquez, J.; Vargas-Vargas, M.
(Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de Biología, Museo de Zoología, San José, CR <E-mail:
jonnathan@biologia.ucr.ac.cr> <E-mail: tovr@racsa.co.cr>). In: Brenesia (ISSN 0304-3711), no. 59/60,
p. 69-76. 2003.
During 2001 and 2002, tardigrades of folious lichens from the western part of the Central Valley of Costa
Rica were collected at different altitudinal regions and fixed for their identification. There were found four
genera and seven species: Macrobiotus richtersi, Macrobiotus harmsworthi, Macrobiotus areolatus,
Isohypsibius bakonyensis, Milnesium tardigradum, Echiniscus bigranulatus and Echiniscus angolensis.
The most frequent species was M. ricthersi (31 %) and the least M. areolatus (7.33%) in the samples
161
analyzed. This is the first record of Echiniscus angolensis for Central America. There are now known 13
species of tardigrades for Costa Rica and 7 for the area of study.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: B.
Publicación No.: 258 Polinices (Mammilla) simiae on Isla del Coco, Costa Rica: another IndoPacific invader into the Panamic Province [Polinices (Mammilla) simiae en la Isla del Coco, Costa
Rica: otro invasor del Indo-Pacífico en la Provincia Panámica] / Hollmann, M. (Goerdelerweg 17, D37075 Göttingen, DE <E-mail: hollmann@exmedl.dnet.gwdg.de>). In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388),
v. 28, no. 3, p. 24-29. 1996.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2048.
Publicación No.: 259 Ptyctimous mites (Acari, Oribatida) of the neotropical region / Niedbala,
W. (Adam Mickiewicz University at Poznan. Department of Animal Taxonomy & Ecology,
Szamarzewskiego 91A, PL-60059 Poznan, PL <E-mail: niedbala@amu.edu.pl>). In: Annales Zoologici
(Warsaw) (ISSN 0003-4541), v. 54, no. 1, p. 1-288. 2004.
The fauna of ptyctimous mites of the Neotropical Region is described and analysed. The number of
species known from this region is 305, including 20 Arthroptyctima and 285 Euptyctima, the latter
comprising 92 Euphthiracaroidea and 193 Phthiracaroidea. Identification keys of supercohorts,
superfamilies, families, genera, subgenera and species are provided. Among the Arthroptyctima the
subgenus Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) is the richest in species. Among the Euphthiracaroidea the
genera Euphthiracarus, Rhysotritia and Oribotritia are the richest in species. Among the Phthiracaroidea
there are 5 genera represented by a significant and similar number of species (143 in total):
Arphthicarus, Austrophthiracarus, Notophthiracarus, Protophthiracarus and Steganacarus. Apart from
Rhysotritia, all genera are represented almost entirely by the native, neotropical and endemic species.
Almost half of the known Neoptropical species are new: 3 Mesoplophoroidea, 33 Euphthiracaroidea
(mainly of Euphthiracarus) and as many as 79 new species are Phthiracaroidea (mainly of Steganacarus,
Arphthicarus and Notophthiracarus). Descriptions of these 115 new species has been given:
Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) bacilla sp. nov., M. (M.) brachysetosa sp. nov., M. (M.) sparsa sp. nov.,
Oribotritia ampliata sp. nov., O. dispar sp. nov., O. geminata sp. nov., O. pumila sp. nov., O. recta sp.
nov., O. varia sp. nov., O. vicinia sp. nov., Mesotritia atractos sp. nov., M. biramula sp. nov., M.
multisetosa sp. nov., M. procerus sp. nov., M. recursa sp. nov., Indotritia allocotos sp.. nov., I. tetradis
sp. nov., I. vestigia sp. nov., Euphthiracarus (Euphthiracarus) breviculus sp. nov., E. (E.) clavatus sp.
nov., E. (E.) diatropos sp. nov., E. (E.) heterosetosus sp. nov., E. (E.) lanceolatus sp. nov., E. (E.)
modicus sp. nov., E. (E.) nasalis sp. nov., E. (E.) ornatus sp. nov., E. (E.) parabrasiliensis sp. nov., E.
(E.) parasimilis sp. nov., E. (E.) paravesciculus sp. nov., E. (E.) reticulatus sp. nov., E. (E.) vesciculus
sp. nov., Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) insolitus sp. nov., E. (P.) paradisparilis sp. nov., E. (P) sudamericanus
sp. nov., Rhysotritia bacula sp. nov., R. ischnos sp. nov., Microtritia mirifica sp. nov., Phthiracarus
aethes sp. nov., P. catalaucus sp. nov., P. closterossp. nov., P. octosetosus sp. nov., P. opiparus sp.
nov., P. pandus sp. nov., P. paraclosteros sp. nov., P. parashiptoni sp. nov., P. phoxos sp. nov.,
Hoplophthiracrus cacainus sp. nov., H. penicillatus sp. nov., H. tryssos sp. nov., Steganacarus
(Rhacaplacarus) aduncatus sp. nov., S. (R.) evexus sp. nov., S. (R.) fusticulus sp. nov., S. (R.) gladius
sp. nov., S. (R.) longipilosus sp. nov., S. (R.) mekistos sp. nov., S. (R.) multipilosus sp. nov., S. (R.)
sedecimus sp. nov., S. (R.) stenodes sp. nov., Steganacarus (Steganacarus) absidatus sp. nov., S. (S.)
aspergillus sp. nov., S. (S.) diatropos sp. nov., S. (S.) fecundus sp. nov., S. (S.) paradoxus sp. nov., S.
(S.) pararafalskii sp. nov., S. (S.) phasganus sp. nov., S. (S.) sculptilis sp. nov., S. (S.) tumidus sp.
nov., Austrophthiracarus anceps sp. nov., A. gongylos sp. nov., A. heteropilosus sp. nov., A. minisetosus
sp. nov., Arphthicarus aulicis sp. nov., A. bulbus sp. nov., A. carinatus sp. nov., A. catalaucus sp. nov.,
A. dikroos sp. nov., A. eparmatos sp. nov., A. exacutus sp. nov., A. frondeus sp. nov., A. fusulus sp.
nov., A. gyros sp. nov., A. humilis sp. nov.,A. impolitus sp. nov.,.A., ogmos 9p. nov.,A. pedanos sp.
nov., A. prolixtis sp. nov., A. quadrus sp. nov., A. rotundus sp. nov., A. striolatus sp. nov., A. sulcatus
sp. nov., Protophthiracarus contiguus sp. nov., P. diamphidios sp. nov., Notophthiracarus brachistos sp.
nov., N. curtatus sp. nov., N. dilatatus sp. nov., N. flagellatus sp. nov., N. heteropilosus sp. nov., N.
lunatus sp. nov., N. mastigos sp. nov., N. meristos sp. nov., N. minusculus sp. nov., N. ogmos sp. nov.,
N. paraflagellatus sp. nov., N. plegaclos sp. nov., N. rabus sp. nov., N. spiniformis sp. nov., Atropacarus
(Hoplophorella) brachys sp. nov., A. (H.) brevipilosus sp. nov., A. (H.) phymatos sp. nov., Atropacarus
(Atropacarus) plumatus sp. nov. Total number of seven names are newly considered junior synonyms:
Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) Niedbala, 1986 (=Mantigueracarus Balogh et Mahunka, 1992);
Steganacarus (Steganacarus) Ewing, 1917 (=Neosteganacarus Balogh et Mahunka, 1992;
=Nortonacarus Balogh et Mahunka, 1992); Steganacarus (Steganacarus) rafalskii (Niedbala, 1981)
(=Neosteganacarus cataracta Balogh et Mahunka, 1992); Austrophthiracarus diazae Ojeda,
1985(=Calyptophthiracarus cucundus Niedbala, 1988); Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) hamatus (Ewing,
1909) (=Hoplophorella cucullata curassensis Willmann, 1936; =Hoplophorella cochlearia Pérez-Iñigo et
Baggio, 1933).Newly described species are mostly endemic, themajority of them (54) come from Brazil,
then from Chile (18), Mexico (10), Cuba (9) and Venezuela (7). In the other countries only single new
species have been found. Most of them (over 70%) belong to Phthiracaroidea.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: A. Biblioteca de Inventario (INBio).
Publicación No.: 260 Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida,
Opiliones) [Catálogo anotado de los Laniatores del Nuevo Mundo (Arachnida, Opiliones)] / Kury, A.B.
(Museu Nacional / Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Invertebrados, Quinta da
162
boa Vista, 20.940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR <E-mail: adrik@alternex.com.br>). In: Revista Ibérica de
Aracnología (ISSN 1576-9518), Special Monograph, no. 1, p. 1-337. 2003.
All the systematic literature (774 references) of the suborder Laniatores of the Americas up to year 2002
is tabulated to generate a thorough annotated classification. Some 2372 species in 746 genera of
Laniatores of the New World are listed. Twenty-six families of Laniatores are recognized as valid, of
which 21 occur in the New World. The most diverse family is Gonyleptidae (823 species), followed by
Cosmetidae (710 species), both endemic to the New World. Synonymies, revalidations, replacement
names and amended spellings are provided. A complete list of nomenclatural acts herein proposed is
given. The new family Escadabiidae is proposed, while the new subfamily Ampycinae is proposed in
Gonyleptidae. Countries and ultramarine departments included are (1) South America: Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad
and Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela; (2) Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, NicaraguaPanama; (3) Antilles: Bahamas, Bermuda Island, Caicos Islands, Cayman Islands,
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Tortuga
Island, UK Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, Windward Islands; (4) North America: Canada, Greenland,
Mexico and USA. First-order administrative divisions (departments, provinces, states) for all most
diverse countries are interpolated in the locality names. A list of species by first-order administrative
divisions is provided for all countries treated. The most diverse country is Brazil, with 855 species of
Laniatores, followed by Venezuela, with 328 species. An exhaustive list of the depository institutions of
the type material with curators and contacts addresses is given.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1299. Biblioteca de Arachnida (INBio).
Publicación No.: 261 Lead isotope composition of Central American volcanoes: Influence of
the Galapagos plume / Feigenson, M.D.; Carr, M.J.; Maharaj, S.V.; Juliano, S.; Bolge, L.L. In:
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems [an electronic journal of the earth sciences] (ISSN 1525-2027),
v. 5, p. 2004.
[1] Lead isotopic analyses of lavas from Central America, both along and behind the volcanic arc, help to
clarify source components in the mantle wedge. Analysis of previous Pb isotopic data had implied that
little or no marine sediment lead was added to the Central American source region, as all samples fell
within the MORB field, in contrast to other information (e.g., Ba/La, Be-10, Sr-87/Sr-86) that indicated a
high subduction component. The data presented here include several analyses of local marine sediment,
showing it to be exceptionally unradiogenic in Pb and thus permitting high sediment contributions to the
mantle source region without significant changes in Pb isotopes. Combined Pb-Nd and Pb-Sr isotopic
diagrams clearly illustrate the influence of crustal contamination for samples from Guatemala and
Honduras, and of subducted sediment for all lavas of the volcanic front. Samples collected behind the
volcanic front are derived from mixing between enriched and depleted mantle sources, andin central
Costa Rica ( extending to the back arc) overlap Pb, Sr and Nd isotope values for both Cocos Island and
some components of the Galapagos hot spot. The restricted geographical occurrence of the enriched
mantle signature in Central America, coupled with the persistence of the signal well into the back arc
region, imply that these lavas are sampling Galapagos plume-influenced mantle. The presence of this
plume component beneath southern Central America and extending to the northeast beneath the
Caribbean confirms a Galapagos hot spot origin for this part of Caribbean Plate.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 262 Columbella sonsonatensis (Morch, 1860) from Cocos Island, Costa Rica
(Gastropoda: Columbellidae) [Columbella sonsonatensis (Morch, 1860) de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica
(Gastropoda: Columbellidae)] / Kronenberg, G.C. In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 26, no. 9, p.
101. 1994.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 263 Haliotis roberti at Cocos Island, Costa Rica [Haliotis roberti en la Isla del
Coco, Costa Rica] / Hutsell, K.C. In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 25, no. 3, p. 28-29. 1993.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 264 Conus mahogani (Reeve, 1843). The first specimen from Cocos Island,
Costa Rica [Conus mahogani (Reeve, 1843). El primer especimen de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] /
Hutsell, K.C. In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 25, no. 2, p. 20. 1993.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 265 The collection and observation of living Morum veleroae from Cocos
Island, Costa Rica [Colecta y observación en vida de Morum veleroae de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] /
Chaney, H.W. (Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, CA
93105, US). In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 25, no. 3, p. 23-29. 1993.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 266 Pycnogonida of the Southeast Pacific Biological Oceanographic Project
(SEPBOP) [Pycnogonida del Proyecto Biológico Oceanográfico del sureste del Pacífico (SEPBOP)] / Child,
C.A. In: Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology (ISSN 0081-0282), no. 526, p. 1-43. 1992.
163
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S10243.
Publicación No.: 267 Interesting gastropods from the 1992 Cocos Island expedition
[Gastrópodos interesantes de la expedición a la Isla del Coco en 1992] / Chaney, H.W. (Santa Barbara
Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, US). In: The Festivus
(ISSN 0738-9388), v. 24, no. 8, p. 86-91. 1992.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 268 When are birds dietarily specialized? Distinguishing ecological from
evolutionary approaches [¿Cuándo son las aves especializadas en la dieta? Distinguiendo enfoques
ecológicos de los evolutivos] / Sherry, T.W. In: Studies in Avian Biology (ISSN 0197-9922), no. 13, p.
337-352. 1990.
Definitions of degree of dietary specialization are motivated by theories of the niche, optimal foraging,
predator-prey theory, ecomorphology, comparative morphology, and phylogeny. These methods fall into
two fundamentally different, but complementary approaches. The first is ecological (or tactical),
emphasizing short-term responses of individual organisms to resource availability and abundance, given
phylogenetic constraints. The second approach is evolutionary (or strategic), emphasizing longer-term,
genetically based constraints and adjustments of consumers (via adaptive radiation) to patterns in the
predictability of resources in both space and time. Studies of diet specialization have emphasized
individuals' tactical approaches to the exclusion of population strategic ones, and have often failed to
distinguish between the two approaches. I discuss this distinction in terms of the kinds of information
needed to characterize specialists and generalists. I argue that strategic specialists have stereotyped
rather than narrow breadth diets, and I discuss the relationships between the two dietary dichotomies of
monophagy-polyphagy and stereotypy-opportunism. Three examples illustrate the distinction between
strategic and tactical approaches, and problems of failing to separate the two: (1) Cocos Flycatchers
(Nesotriccus ridgwayi, Tyrannidae) are ecological generalists, but evolutionary specialists; (2)
Neotropical flycatchers are specialized dietarily compared with temperate species using a strategic
approach (appropriate for this comparison), but the two groups do not differ using the more traditional
tactical approach; and (3) particular species of Neotropical frugivores are specialists by strategic
definitions, but generalists by tactical ones, a distinction that resolves unnecessary controversy in the
literature.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S10306.
Publicación No.: 269 The Anyphaenidae of the Galapagos Archipelago and Cocos Island, with a
redescription of Anyphaenoides pluridentata Berland, 1913 [Las Anyphaenidae del Archipiélago
Galapos y la Isla del Coco, con una redescripción de Anyphaenoides pluridentata Berland, 1913] / Baert,
L. (Koninklijk Institut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Vautierstraat 29, 1040 Brussels, BE). In: Bulletin of
the British Arachnological Society (ISSN 0524-4994), v. 10, no. 1, p. 10-14. 1995.
Descriptions are given of the three Amphaenoides species found on the Galápagos archipelago, A.
pacifica (Banks, 1902). A. octodentata (Schmidt, 1971) and A. katiae sp.n. A new species, A. cocos, is
described from Cocos Island. A redescription is given of the type species, A. pluridentata Berland from
Ecuador. From the same type-material a new species, A. brescoviti, is described from Peru. A.
octodentata seems to be a recent introduction to the Galapagoan fauna.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9671.
Publicación No.: 270 Group courtship, mating behaviour and siphon sac function in the
whitetip reef shark, Triaenodon obesus [Cortejo en grupo, comportamiento de acoplamiento y
función de la bolsa de sifón en el tiburón de arrecife punta blanca, Triaenodon obesus] / Whitney, N.M.;
Pratt, H.L., Jr.; Carrier, J.C. (University of Hawaii at Manoa. Department of Zoology, 2538 The Mall,
Honolulu, HI 96822, US <E-mail: nwhitney@hawaii.edu> <E-mail: wpratt@mote.org> <E-mail:
jcarrier@albion.edu>). In: Animal Behaviour (ISSN 0003-3472), v. 68, no. 6, p. 1435-1442. 2004.
We analysed video records of three mating events involving nine free-living whitetip reef sharks in Cocos
Islands, Costa Rica to examine reproductive behaviour in this species. We describe several behaviours
never before documented in this species, and four behaviours never before documented in any
elasmobranch. Here, we also present the first hypothesis for the function of the male's paired
reproductive organs, the siphon sacs, to be based on observations of mating sharks. We introduce
terminology for three separate siphon sac structural components that are externally visible during
courtship and mating in this species. Based on our analyses, as well as evidence from past mating
studies, the siphon sacs in whitetip reef sharks appear to be used topropel sperm into the female's
reproductive tract, not for flushing the female's reproductive tract of sperm from previous males. We
discuss the implications of 'group courtship', 'siphon isthmus constriction', 'reverse thrusting',
'postrelease gaping' and 'noncopulatory ejaculation'.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1752.
Publicación No.: 271 New species of scorpionfish, Scorpaena cocosensis (Scorpaeniformes:
Scorpaenidae) from the Cocos Islands, Costa Rica, eastern Pacific Ocean [Nueva especie de pez
escorpión, Scorpaena cocosensis (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica,
Océano Pacífico oriental] / Motomura, H. (Australian Museum, 6 Coll St, Sydney, NSW 2010, AU <Email: motomurah@austmus.gov.au>). In: Copeia (ISSN 0045-8511), v. 2004, no. 4, p. 818-824. 2004.
164
A new species of small-sized scorpionfish, Scorpaena cocosensis, is described on the basis of a single
specimen collected from off Nuez Island, Cocos Islands, Costa Rica, eastern Pacific Ocean. The new
species is similar to two eastern Pacific species of Scorpaena, Scorpaena russula and Scorpaena sonorae,
in overall body appearance and in lacking a supplemental preopercular spine. However, it is
distinguished from these two species by the following characters: eight dorsal-fin soft rays; well-exposed
scales covering anteroventral body surface; interorbital ridges well developed, beginning just behind
nasal spines, diverging anteriorly and posteriorly in dorsal view; lateral margins of frontal diverging
posteriorly in dorsal view; upper posttemporalspine directed upward; posterior margin of maxilla just
reaching level with posterior margin of pupil; posterior tip of pectoral fin reaching level with origin of
third dorsal-fin soft ray; large head length (48.8% SL); large orbit diameter (16.9% SL); wide
interorbital space between supraocular spine bases (9.2% SL).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1891.
Publicación No.: 272 Una especie nueva de Hymenophyllum y una variedad nueva de
Trichomanes collariatum Bosch (Filicales: Hymenophyllaceae) en Costa Rica / Rojas-Alvarado,
A.F. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Jardín Botánico Lankester, Apdo. 1031-7050, Cartago, CR <E-mail:
afrojasa@hotmail.com>). In: Lankesteriana (ISSN 1409-3871), v. 4, no. 2, p. 143-148. 2004.
A new species and a new variety of Hymenophyllaceae are described for Costa Rica. Hymenophyllum
talamancanum, somewhat similar to H. horizontale C. V. Morton, and Trichomanes collariatum Bosch
var. alvaradoi, with some differences compared to the typical variety.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: L.
Publicación No.: 273 The Cocos and Carnegie aseismic ridges: A trace element record of longterm plume-spreading center interaction / Harpp, K.S.; Wanless, V.D.; Otto, R.H.; Hoernle, K.;
Werner, R. (Colgate University. Department of Geology, Hamilton, NY 13346,
US <E-mail:
kharpp@mail.colgate.edu> <E-mail: khoernle@geomar.de> <E-mail: werner@geomar.de>). In: Journal
of Petrology (ISSN 0022-3530), v. 46, no. 1, p. 109-133. 2005.
The aseismic Cocos and Carnegie Ridges, two prominent bathymetric features in the eastern Pacific,
record similar to 20 Myr of interaction between the Galapagos hotspot and the adjacent Galapagos
Spreading Center. Trace element data determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in
90 dredged seamount lavas are used to estimate melt generation conditions and mantle source
compositions along the ridges. Lavas from seamount provinces on the Cocos Ridge are alkalic and more
enriched in incompatible trace elements than any in the Galapagos archipelago today. The seamount
lavas are effectively modeled as small degree melts of a Galapagos plume source. Their eruption
immediately follows the failure of a rift zone at each seamount province's location. Thus the anomalously
young alkalic lavas of the Cocos Ridge, including Cocos Island, are probably caused by postabandonment volcanism following either a ridge jump or rift failure, and not the direct activity of the
Galapagos plume. The seamounts have plume-like signatures because they tap underlying mantle
previously infused with Galapagos plume material. Whereas plume heterogeneities appear to be longlived, tectonic rearrangements of the ridge plate boundary may be the dominant factor in controlling
regional eruptive behavior and compositional variations.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1935.
Publicación No.: 274 "Cephalaspidean" heterobranchs (Gastropoda) from the Pacific coast of
Costa Rica / Valdés-Gallego, A.; Camacho-García, Y.E. (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County,
900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, US <E-mail: avaldes@nhm.org> <E-mail:
ycamacho@inbio.ac.cr>). In: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (ISSN 0068-547X), v.
55, no. 26, p. 459-497. 2004.
The purpose of the present study is to provide an up-to-date catalogue of species of "Lower
Heterobranchia," "Architectibranchia," and Cephalaspidea found along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica,
including descriptions of a new species and a systematicreview of the generic placement and synonymy
of several other species previously described, based on new anatomical evidence.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2007.
Publicación No.: 275 Eastern Pacific macrourine grenadiers with seven branchiostegal rays
(Pisces: Macrouridae) / Iwamoto, T. (California Academy of Sciences. Department of Ichthyology,
Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, US). In: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences
(ISSN 0068-547X), v. 42, no. 5, p. 135-179. 1979.
Seventeen species representing eight genera of macrourine grenadiers with seven branchiostegal rays
are treated as part of the eastern Pacific fauna. Among the eight genera, Nezumia is the most diverse,
with 10 species represented. Nezumia ventralis new species, is described from two Galápagos
specimens; the high pelvic fin ray count of 15 contrasts this species with all other eastern Pacific
Nezumia. Two apparently disjunct populations of N. loricata are given subspecific recognition: subspecies
loricata from the Galápagos and subspecies atomos (new) from central Chile. Echinomacrurus,
Hymenocephalus, Paracetonurus, Ventrifossa, Malacocephalus, Mataeocephalus, and Mesobius are each
represented by only one species-the first four genera listed are first recorded from the eastern Pacific.
Echinomacrurus occidentalis (a second species in the genus) is newly described from a single specimen
taken off Peru in 4,334 m. Macrurus fragilis Garman, 1899, is tentatively aligned with members of
Paracetonurus.Ventrifossa is recognized as consisting of three subgenera: Ventrifossa, Lucigadus, and
Sokodara (new). Only subgenus Lucigadus is represented in the eastern Pacific.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S10269.
165
Publicación No.: 276 A review of the southeastern Pacific Coryphaenoides (sensu lato)
(Pisces, Gadiformes, Macrouridae) [Revisión de los Coryphaenoides (sensu lato) (Pisces,
Gadiformes, Macrouridae) del sureste Pacífico] / Iwamoto, T.; Sazonov, Y.I. (California Academy of
Sciences. Department of Ichthyology, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, US). In: Proceedings
of the California Academy of Sciences (ISSN 0068-547X), v. 45, no. 3, p. 35-82. 1988.
The grenadier genus Coryphaenoides is represented by 14 species in the southeastern Pacific, including
two new ones: C. oreinos (5 specimens from off Mexico) is closest related to M. bucephalus, differing
primarily in having a more rounded and naked snout, different squamation, and broader head; C. myersi
(known only from the holotype taken in the Galapagos) is closely related to C. capito and C. boops, but
differs in having a shorter, stubbier snout and more pelvic rays. Small individuals of these two last
species were difficult to distinguish; Garman in fact included two specimens of C. capito in the type
series of C. boops. Macrurus latinasutus Garman, 1899, and M. liraticeps Garman, 1899, are considered
synonyms of M. anguliceps Garman, 1899. Macrurus leucophaeus Garman. 1899, is questionably placed
in the synonymy of C. capito. Other species treated are: C. ariommus, C. armatus, C. bucephalus, C.
bulbiceps, C. carminifer, C. delsolari, C. fernandezianus (no new material), C. filicauda, and C.
paradoxus. Provisional diagnoses are provided for subgenera Chalinura, Coryphaenoides, Lionurus, and
Nematonurus, and a preliminary hypothetical phylogeny of macrourids with six branchiostegal rays is
presented.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S10270.
Publicación No.: 277 Estudio integral para el mejoramiento del control pesquero en la zona de
influencia del Área de Conservación Marina Isla del Coco, Costa Rica - Fase 2 / Muñoz, W.;
Rodríguez, J. (Fundación Amigos de la Isla del Coco, Apdo postal 6327, 1000 San José, CR). San José:
FAICO - PROARCA/CAPAS, 2001. 14 pp.
La Fundación Amigos de la Isla del Coco (FAICO) es una organización sin fines de lucro, creada en 1994
con el propósito de generar recursos técnicos, científicos y financieros que contribuyan en el manejo y la
conservación del Parque Nacional Isla del Coco. Por su parte, el Área de Conservación Marina Isla del
Coco (ACMIC) constituye el órgano adscrito al Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación (del Ministerio
del Ambiente y Energía) responsable de la administración, protección y manejo del ParqueNacional Isla
del Coco en sus áreas terrestre y marina. Ambas entidades trabajan conjuntamente a la luz de un
convenio de Cooperación firmado en 1998. La Isla del Coco consta de un área de 24 Km2 terrestres y de
972.35 km² de ecosistemas marinos protegidos. Se localiza en el Océano Pacífico, a 532 km al sudoeste
del punto más cercano a la costa costarricense: Cabo Blanco. La ubicación estratégica de la Isla de Coco
brinda al país la oportunidad de ampliar su zona económica exclusiva Pacífica en 200 millas de mar
alrededor de su pequeño territorio. Lo anterior confiere a la Isla especial importancia nacional e
internacional, dándole un alto valor a nivel científico (por su condición de isla oceánica que la convierte
en un sitio excepcional para la investigación oceanográfica, meteorológica y de evolución de especies);
ecológico (por su gran biodiversidad y endemismo); económico (por su gran riqueza pesquera y la
amplia zona económica exclusiva); y ! político (por su valor estratégico nacional e internacional). En un
esfuerzo del Gobierno de la República, de FAICO y de destacados científicos nacionales e internacionales,
se logró su declaratoria como Sitio de Patrimonio Natural de la Humanidad por la UNESCO, en diciembre
de 1997. Posteriormente, en 1998 la Convención RAMSAR declaró a la Isla Humedal de Importancia
Internacional. Actualmente, el principal reto que enfrenta la Isla de Coco lo constituye la búsqueda de
recursos económicos, técnicos y científicos que enriquezcan el manejo de su rica biodiversidad. Resulta
vital: Controlar y reducir la pesca ilegal y crear conciencia en las poblaciones que normalmente
conducen actividades ilegales en las aguas aledañas a la isla. Reducir el riesgo de introducción de
nuevas especies exóticas de plantas y animales en la isla, y erradicar aquellas que actualmente causan
deterioro. Conducir investigación marina y terrestre de forma sistemática, para comprender mejor la
evolución y presencia de especies permanentes y migratorias. Mantener la prohibición de concesiones
para la búsqueda de tesoros. Incrementar el nivel de conciencia de la comunidad costarricense e
internacional sobre la importancia implícita en la protección de la riqueza biológica que encierra esta isla.
En octubre del año 2000, se sometió ante las autoridades del Programa de Pequeñas Donaciones de
PROARCA/CAPAS un proyecto de investigación titulado "Estudio integral para el mejoramiento del control
pesquero en la zona de influencia del Área de Conservación Marina y Terrestre Isla del Coco" Fase 2.
Esta propuesta tenía dentro de sus principales objetivos el capitalizar los logros derivados de la Primera
Fase del Proyecto y por consiguiente dar énfasis a algunas otras áreas que quedaron sin atender en
cuanto al tema del control pesquero. Durante la ejecución de esta Fase 2, se dedicó mayor atención a la
parte de supervisión de los productos divulgativos, debido a que se acordó que los mismos tenían que
ser el resultado de un consenso de las partes involucradas en cuanto a la isla. Entre lasconclusiones más
relevantes encontramos que las barreras existentes de comunicación por parte de las instituciones y
sectores relacionados con el tema de control pesquero, se fueron eliminando. El tema de pesca ilegal
afecta muchas facetas y múltiples intereses tanto económicos como políticos, por lo cual por mucho
tiempo se abordó el asunto en forma tímida y sin trascendencia. Consideramos que uno de los grandes
aportes producto de esta Fase 2, es precisamente que se establecieron los canales de comunicación para
una franca y abierta discusión del tema. Otro de los aspectos en los cuales la Fase 2 tuvo gran acierto es
en lo referente al llamado de atención hacia las autoridades judiciales, invitándolas a brindar especial
atención a las denuncias interpuestas sobre casos concretos de pesca ilegal y sobre todo a resolver los
mismos en un tiempo razonable, fortaleciendo de esta manera la credibilidad y confianza en las
autoridades judiciales. La parte educativa en lo relacionado a la orientación e información hacia los
sectores de la industria pesquera, así como de la población que habita en las zonas costeras fueron uno
de los principales ejes de la Fase 2. Se involucró a los sectores académicos y educativos del país, dando
un énfasis en la toma de conciencia de la protección y conservación de los recursos marinos. Se contó
166
con la participación de representantes del Ministerio de Educación Pública y de las Universidades en las
diferentes actividades de capacitación y planificación, denotando así el interés de estos sectores en
educar a la población y fortalecer las bases para las nuevas generaciones. Como parte de los productos
divulgativos, se publicó la serie de revistas denominada el Pescador, la cual tiene como finalidad el
orientar y educar a la población de pescadores, en su situación laboral y sobre la toma de conciencia en
la protección y cuidado de los recursos marinos. Otros de los grandes ejes de esta Fase 2, fue la
capacitación de los funcionarios del ACMIC, Área de Conservación Marina Isla del Coco, en lo referente al
tema de la pesca ilegal y sobre las diversas formas en que se puede abordar el tema, desde el punto de
vista jurídico. Los funcionarios del ACMIC, han jugado un papel protagónico junto a la Unidad Ejecutora
en los resultados e implementación de la Fase 2, lo cual permite cumplir a cabalidad uno de los grandes
objetivos del presente proyecto, el cual es el acercamiento de los funcionarios del ACMIC hacia los
sectores relacionados con el tema del control pesquero y su complementariedad con FAICO para unir
esfuerzos y tomar decisiones. Fruto de este acercamiento ha sido la conformación de comisiones de
trabajo permanentes, que permitirán realizar acciones cuyos resultados sean a largo plazo y se garantice
de esta manera la estabilidad de las mismas. Los diferentes actores involucrados en los Planes de Acción
concluyeron unánimemente que el establecer comisiones o grupos de trabajo con objetivos a corto plazo
era perder el tiempo y no darle al tema la atención que merece dado su nivel de impacto tanto
económico como político y ambiental. Se confirmó una vez más, la necesidad de dotar al ACMIC del
equipo de vigilancia adecuado y capacitar a su personal en navegación, mantenimiento de motores,
manejo de denuncias, legislación pesquera, etc. Estas acciones requieren de un compromiso político
claro para la protección de los recursos de la Isla del Coco. Es previsible que un incremento en la
conciencia general sobre el importante papel que juega la Isla del Coco en diversos campos, ejerza
presión sobre las autoridades nacionales para que pongan en práctica su deber de protección.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2003.
Publicación No.: 278 Expertos en especies invasoras realizaron evaluación en Isla del Coco /
Calvo-Ferllini, M.A. (Unión Mundial para la Naturaleza. Oficina Regional para Mesoamérica, Apdo. 11612150, Moravia, CR <E-mail: marco.calvo@iucn.org>. San José: UICN/ORMA, 2004. 2 pp.
Cinco especialistas de distintos países finalizaron la semana pasada en la Isla del Coco, en Costa Rica,
un estudio acerca de las especies introducidas invasoras que actualmente habitan el Parque Nacional y
que causan diversos daños a la biodiversidad de la isla. Alan Tye, Brian Cook, Norm McDonald, Michel
Pascal y Claudine Sierra, son miembros de la Comisión de Supervivencia de Especies de la UICN - Unión
Mundial para la Naturaleza, específicamente del Grupo de Especialistas de Especies Invasoras
Introducidas. Los cuatro científicos internacionales tienen amplia experiencia en el manejo y erradicación
de especies exóticas en lugares como Nueva Zelanda, Australia e Islas Galápagos, entre otros. La misión
fue promovida mediante un esfuerzo conjunto entre el Área de Conservación Marina Isla del Coco del
Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía (MINAE), la Fundación Amigos Isla del Coco (FAICO) y la UICN, con
fondos de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) y
la Embajada Francesa en Costa Rica. ¿Qué son las especies introducidas invasoras? Se trata de especies
de animales y vegetales que, voluntaria o accidentalmente, son introducidas por el ser humano, en
hábitat a los que no pueden llegar por sus propios medios. El comercio internacional y el transporte de
productos y personas alrededor del mundo, son factores que aceleraron este fenómeno, agravado por el
efecto de la globalización. Se estima que las especies introducidas invasoras son la segunda causa de la
pérdida de biodiversidad en todo el mundo, después de la destrucción de hábitat. El problema no es sólo
ecológico, ya que tiene múltiples implicaciones sociales y económicas. Ejemplos en diversas partes del
planeta muestran cómo especies que han sido introducidas en otros países o lugares, han desplazado
otras especies a través de la depredación, competencia, hibridación, transmisión de enfermedades. En
muchos casos, las especies alóctonas experimentan un desarrollo muy acelerado sobre todo en islas,
debido a la falta de depredadores naturales, competencia y parásitos en su nuevo "hogar"; también
debido a que sus presas suelen ser "ingenuas" por carecer históricamente de depredador, ocasionando
desequilibrios tanto en ambientes silvestres como antrópicos. Una de las amenazas principales al medio
ambiente terrestre del Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, en Costa Rica, es la presencia de mamíferos que
fueron introducidos hace muchos años. Específicamente, se trata de cerdos, cabras, gatos, dos
especiesde ratas y el venado de cola blanca. Esta problemática ya ha sido estudiada a profundidad
anteriormente. De hecho los especialistas de UICN basaron la investigación en un proyecto previo para
la erradicación de los cerdos, las ratas y los gatos, que fue elaborado por Claudine Sierra, bióloga que ha
estudiado el tema en la isla durante los últimos ocho años. La alteraciones principales provocadas por los
cerdos se deben a la búsqueda de alimento durante la cual suelen escarbar el suelo que es luego
arrastrado por las fuertes lluvias provocando erosión y arrastre de materiales hacia el mar que provocan
turbidez de las aguas lo que puede causar degradación y muerte, según se establece en la página Web
de FAICO. Sierra señaló además que los cerdos también se alimentan de microartrópodos terrestres,
lombrices, frutos y plantas y prácticamente eliminan el sotobosque de la Isla. Con respecto a las ratas,
se sabe que se nutren de todo tipo de materia orgánica, en la Isla del Coco se alimentan de diversas
especies de flora y fauna, poniendo en peligro la escasa y por ello más valiosa diversidad de la Isla,
especialmente sus especies endémicas (especies que no existen en otra parte del mundo). Según Alan
Tye, quien es jefe de la misión, la gira a la isla teníados objetivos principales, el primero era analizar la
viabilidad y los métodos que se utilizarían dentro de un plan de erradicación de los cerdos, las ratas y los
gatos. El segundo buscaba establecer las bases para una estrategia global futura para el manejo de
otras especies invasoras introducidas, así como establecer parámetros y recomendaciones para ambos
objetivos. Según se constató en una reunión efectuada en la Oficina Regional para Mesoamérica de la
UICN el 18 de marzo, los científicos de la comisión, representantes de FAICO y del MINAE declararon
que corroboraron que los métodos que se utilicen para la erradicación de los mamíferos invasores, no
167
afectarán a otras especies de la isla, particularmente ciertas aves endémicas. No obstante, todavía son
necesarias más investigaciones al respecto. Un aspecto importante de señalar es que en la reunión había
representantes de diversos sectores, como operadoras turísticas que trabajan en la zona. Según explicó
Sierra, esta iniciativa se ha nutrido con el aporte y parecer de varios grupos, con el fin de abordar la
problemática de una forma consensuada. Por ejemplo, la científica explicó que se han tenido varias
aproximaciones con grupos que protegen los derechos de los animales, instituciones nacionales como la
Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental (SETENA), el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (SINAC),
diversas ONG, guardacostas y universidades estatales, entre otros. La ventaja de establecer este tipo de
esfuerzos en una isla, señaló Brian Cook es que, al estar aislada de la masa continental, los efectos
positivos de un sistema de manejo y erradicación de especies introducidas invasoras, son mucho más
perdurables en el tiempo y permiten más control y protección. Durante las próximas 4 semanas los
especialistas estarán desarrollando un documento con los resultados obtenidos en la misión. Las
organizaciones promotoras de la iniciativa darán a conocer el informe una vez que esté finalizado.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2008.
Publicación No.: 279 Observations of chitons from Cocos Island [Observaciones de los chitones de
la Isla del Coco] / Eernisse, D.J. (University of Michigan. Museum of Zoology and Department of Biology,
Ann Arbor, MI, US). In: Annual Report of the Western Society of Malacologists (ISSN 0361-1175) , v.
25, p. 2. s.f.
Chitons dredged by Dr. Donald R. Shasky from 20-120 meters depth off Cocos Island, Costa Rica
(05°33'N, 87°00'W), were examined and compared to type material and previous collections from Cocos
and Galápagos Islands and mainland Panamic localities. One of the three most common species was a
member of Lepidozona that could not be confidently aligned with recognized members of this genus. The
two other common species among Shasky's collections, members of Tonicia and Acanthochitona, were
examined with respect to recent treatments of nominal taxa described from Cocos or Galápagos Islands.
In particular, Smith and Ferreira (1977: 91) considered Tonicia arnhemi Dall, 1903, a subspecies of T.
forbesii Carpenter, 1857, while Watters (1990: 247) synonymized Acanthochitona shaskyi Ferreira,
1987, with A. angelica Dall, 1919. Examination of the new material, while still hindered by limited
comparative material, suggests diagnosable separation of T. arnhemi and A. shaskyi from T. forbesii and
A. angelica, the latter two which have more northern type localities in Mexico. The excellent size
distribution of T. arnhemi specimens also led to the discovery of girdle scales in juveniles. The nude
adult girdle, hitherto considered diagnostic for the Toniciinae, is thus postulated as derived loss of
calcareous scales based on both ontogenetic and outgroup criteria.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2045.
Publicación No.: 280 New bivalve mollusks from Isla del Coco, Costa Rica [Nuevos moluscos
bivalvos de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] / Scott, P.H. (Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Santa Barbara, CA, US). In: Annual Report of the Western Society
of Malacologists (ISSN 0361-1175) , v. 25, p. 2. s.f.
Two potentially new species of bivalves in the Arcidae and Pectinidae have been uncovered in samples
collected at Isla del Coco by Donald Shasky, Kirstie Kaiser and Henry Chaney. Long the bane of bivalve
taxonomists, members of the Arcidae have an exceedingly variable shell morphology. Cocos specimens
of Anadara seem most closely related to Anadara reinharti (Lowe, 1935), but have a very narrow,
delicate hinge line and rounded antero- and postero-dorsal margins. Classic A. reinharti have a very
thickened, robust hinge and pointed margins (see Keen, 1971; 46, fig. 88). Isla del Coco specimens in
the genus Euvolva (Pectinidae) are intermediate between the Panamic E. sericeus (Hinds, 1845) and the
Californian E. diegensis (Dall, 1898). Ribs on the right valve of E. sericeus are triangular with one or two
medial riblets. Euvolva diegensis has very broad, squared ribs with several overlying riblets, whereas
Cocos material has low, rounded ribs with three to four riblets. Further analysis of the shell morphology
and anatomy will determine if the Isla del Coco specimens represent new species or just additional
examples of variation in these plastic bivalves.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2045.
Publicación No.: 281 Opisthobranchs of Cocos Island [Opistobranquios de la Isla del Coco] /
Mulliner, D.K. (Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Santa
Barbara, CA, US). In: Annual Report of the Western Society of Malacologists (ISSN 0361-1175) , v. 25,
p. 2-3. s.f.
Cocos Island is an oceanic island 300 miles from the mainland of Costa Rica, with steeply sloping
shorelines and very few intertidal areas. The island is swept by heavy currents. Very few opisthobranchs
have been documented from the island. An El Niño year occurred during 1992. When we arrived on April
1, the water temperature was 87°F on the surface, and 85°F at 100 feet. The nudibranchs we found
were very small in comparison to the same species from the Sea of Cortés. For instance, Dendrodoris
krebsii averages 50-63 mm in the Gulf of California (Bertsch, in Kerstitch, 1989). The ones we found at
Cocos Island averaged 20 mm. Twenty-one opisthobranchs have been collected from Cocos Island. Eight
species of pelagic pteropods were collected as shells from dredging and grunge from shaking rocks into a
bag. The sea butterflies are divided into two groups, the shelled and the naked. They resemble each
other in the way they swim. Their parapodia are ventrally located and perform a rapid sculling motion.
The shell-less Gymnosomata are collected only by near-surface or mid-water plankton trawls. The
Thecosomata are also planktonic, they shells drift to the botton when they die. One of my favorite ways
of collecting small shells is to hold a rock in a bag and shake it, dislodging the grunge material from the
rock into the bag. In the thecosome family Cavoliniidae, a number of Cavolinia uncinata (Rang, 1829), 4
mm long, were dredged from 100 meters depth in 1992 off Bahía Iglesias. In 1992 we also collected
168
Diacria quadridentata (Blainville, 1821), 1.5 mm long, in dredge material taken from 100 meters at
Bahía Iglesias. On previous trips, Donald Shasky collected Creseis acicula (Rang, 1828), Creseis virgula
(Rang, 1821), and Diacria quadridentata. In another thecosome family, Limacinidae, four species were
collected during previous trips: Limacina inflata (Orbigny, 1836), Limacina bulimoides (Orbigny, 1836),
Limacina trochiformis (Orbigny, 1836), and one unidentified species (collected by Kirstie Kaiser). All of
these specimens were collected as shells from rock-shaken grunge at depths of 20-30 meters. The other
opisthobranch species are all benthic. Reported species of Anaspidea are members of the family
Aplysiidae: Dolabella auricularia (Lightfoot, 1786), and Dolabrifera dolabrifera (Rang, 1828). Both of
these animals were reported from Wafer Bay in 12-14 meters depth. Three species of Notaspidea have
been collected. Pleurobranchus areolatum (Mórch, 1863) was taken by Donald Shasky in 1992 at Wafer
Bay. Berthellina engeli Gardiner, 1936, was collected at Submerged Rock in 20 meters depth on a
previous trip. Tylodina fungina Gabb, 1865, was dredged from 70 meters depth in Chatham Bay. The
two Sacoglossa species collected represent both shelled and non-shelled forms. A single Julia thecaphora
(Carpenter, 1857) (family Juliidae) was taken by rock shaking in 20 meters depth at Manuleta. In the
family Elysiidae, the only species collected was Tridachiella diomedea (Bergh, 1894) at Roca Sucia in 12
meters depth. Among the dorid Nudibranchia, only five species have been collected, members of the
families Chromodorididae and Dendrodorididae. In 1992, Chromodoris baumanni Bertsch, 1970, and two
specimens of Chromodoris sp. were collected at Chatham Bay from 20 meters depth. The latter animal
resembles C. baumanni, but has pattern differences (green color markings under the notum). Jim Lance
states that he has found the same species from the Mexican coast of Nayarit, and Hans Bertsch has
collected the species at Cabo Pulmo in the southern Gulf of California. Dendrodoris krebsii (Mórch, 1863)
was found in Chatham Bay in 1992 at 20 meters depth. We collected a red Dendrodoris sp. Another
unnamed Dendrodoris was collected in Wafer Bay. Only one aeolid nudibranch was collected in 1992. It
is also unnamed, and no other aeolids have been reported from Cocos Island. In conclusion, I believe
the relative scarcity of opisthobranchs from Cocos Island in 1992 was due to the El Niño effect. More
work needs to be done during normal years to establish a complete check-list of opisthobranchs from
this intriguing island.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2045.
Publicación No.: 282 The Superfamilies Cypraeacea and Lamellariacea of Isla del Coco, eastern
Pacific Ocean [Las Superfamilias Cypraeacea y Lamellariacea de la Isla del Coco, Océano Pacífico
oriental] / Groves, L.T. In: Annual Report of the Western Society of Malacologists (ISSN 0361-1175) , v.
25, p. 3-5. 1993.
At least 13 species of cypraeaceans and three species of lamellariaceans have been documented from
Isla del Coco, through literature citations and museum and private collections. Of the 13 cypraeacean
species eight are true cowries of the family Cypraeidae and five are allied cowries of the family Ovulidae.
All of the lamellariacean species are of the family Triviidae: two are triviids (Subfamily Triviinae); and
one is an eratoid (Subfamily Eratoinae). Indo-Pacific species of Cypraeacea include at least four
cypraeids and one ovulid. As yet, no Indo-Pacific lamellariacean species has been documented from Isla
del Coco. The Panamic cypraeid species Macrocypraea cervinetta (Kiener, 1843) and Zonaria
(Pseudozonaria) robertsi (Hidalgo, 1906), and the ovulid species Cypropterina (Jenneria) pustulata
(Lightfoot, 1786, ex Solander MS), Phenacovolva lenoreae Cardin and Walls, 1980, Neosimnia aequalis
and N. avena (Sowerby, 1832) are here documented for the first time from Isla del Coco. The Panamic
triviid Niveria (Cleotrivia) atomaria (Dall, 1902) and eratoid species Hespererato oligostata (Dall, 1902)
are here documented for the first time from Isla del Coco. The earliest documentation of the superfamily
Cypraeacea from Isla del Coco was that of von Martens (1902) who cited Cypraea cf. isabella L. [= Luria
isabellamexicana (Steams, 1893)].
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2045.
Publicación No.: 283 Additional records of Polinices simiae (Gastropoda: Naticidae) in the
eastern Pacific [Registros adicionales de Polinices simiae (Gastropoda: Naticidae) en el Pacífico
oriental] / Chaney, H.W. (Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa
Barbara, CA 93105, US). In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 28, no. 7, p. 82. 1996.
As a result of Michael Hollmann's recent report (March, 1996) on the occurrence of the Indo-Pacific
naticid Polinices (Mammilla) simiae (Deshayes, in Deshayes and Edwards, 1838) from Isla del Coco, I
have recently examined the material collected during expeditions to western Panama in 1993 and
Clipperton Island in 1994 (see Small, 1994a,b). One specimen of Polinices simiae was found in each of
these collections, thereby extending its known range east to the continental shelf of west America and
north to another oceanic island of the eastern Pacific. During my survey an additional specimen was also
discovered in the Shasky Collection from Isla del Coco (SBMNH 55245); this one measures 21 mm and
was dredged dead from 100 m off Bahía Chatham in April 1986. While both specimens from Panama and
Clipperton are immature, the diagnostic features which distinguish Polinices simiae, as illustrated by
Hollmann, can be discerned easily, particularly the color of the protoconch and the dark line which
borders the suture of the body whorl. The provenance data for these new records, figured below, are as
follows: Figure la-b. One dead specimen collected from the north side of Clipperton Island, 10° 18.166N
109° 11.542W in 15 m, 22 April 1994 by Kirstie Kaiser. 11 mm. In the Kaiser Collection. Figure 2a-b.
One dead specimen collected from a submerged reef, Isla Ladrones, Golfo de Chiriquí, Panama,
7°53.30N 82°28.30W, in 10 m, 13 April 1993 by Henry Chaney. 8 mm. SMBNH 55246.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2049.
169
Publicación No.: 284 A new Oliva from eastern Pacific (Gasteropoda: Olividae) [Una nueva Oliva
del Pacífico oriental (Gasteropoda: Olividae)] / Stingley, D.V. (P.O. Box 113, La Belle, FL 33935, US). In:
La Conchiglia: international shell magazine (ISSN 0394-0152), v. 16, no. 178/179, p. 28. 1984.
It is most unusual to find a species that is definitely undescribed and that is so distinctive in color and
form that there is no question that it is new. Cocos Island, a dependency of Costa Rica, about 500 miles
west in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, (Do not confuse with the Island of the same name in the Indian
Ocean, administered by Australia) is the only known habitat of this species. It was discovered by Mr. Al
Fox and his wife Eva while exploring this area and collecting seashells by dredging and scuba diving. I
recently received fourteen shells almost identical in appearance from Mr. Fox and after a conversation
over short wave, the uniqueness of this find was clarified. Mr. Fox requested that I describe and name
this species and therefore I propose the following taxon for this new Oliva species. Oliva foxi n. sp.
Description: Shell smooth very glossy, oblong-cylindrical, spire acuminate. Color dark fawn with zig zag
markings of dark chestnut brown generally restricted to two hands. Interior oflip peach color. Four
columellar plaits. Length 30 mm. to 40 mm., Width 12 mm. to 16 mm. Holotype: 39,0 turn x 16,0 mm.
is to be lodged at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. Paratypes: No. 1 to ANSP above.
38,0 turn. x 15,0 mm. No. 2 and No. 3 in the Collection of the Author. The balanced of the Paratypes are
to he returned to Mr. Fox. Type Locality: Off Cocos Island (Costa Rica) at a depth of 50 to 60 feet on
sand bottom is the only known locality where this species occurs. Discussion: This new species is named
for Mr. Alfred C. Fox, the discoverer, of La Belle, Florida. This Olive in no way resembles any other Oliva
species in color, form and disposition of the markings. I know of no other species to compare this Olive
with.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2061.
Publicación No.: 285 A redescription of Oliva foxi Stingley, 1984 [Redescripción de Oliva foxi
Stingley, 1984] / Shasky, D.R. (834 Highland Ave, Redlands, CA 92373, US). In: Shells & Sea Life (ISSN
0747-6078), v. 16, no. 8, p. 128. 1984.
In vol. XVI, nos. 178-179, 1984, of La Conchiglia, there appeared a description of the new species Oliva
foxi Stingley, from Cocos Island, Costa Rica. Material I collected at Cocos Island and the briefness of
Stingley's description justifies a redescription of the taxon: The description below is based on 21
specimens that are currently in my collection. These specimens were taken by SCUBA diving and
dredging. Shell cylindrical. Protoconch mammilate, 4 whorled. As the first post-nuclear whorl emergesa
deeply channeled suture also emerges which partially submerges the fourth nuclear whorl and each
succeeding whorl. Post-nuclear whorls 3½. On the postnuclear whorls, there is a faint carina just
adapical to where the whorl is immersed by the channel. The carina terminates in a slight thickening at
the beginning of the body whorl. Columella is gently angled abaxically. Columellar edge scalloped with
weak plicae separating each scallop. There are about II scallops which progressively become thicker
andstronger as they progress abapically. Base of columella white or yellow with 3 plaits. Protoconch
color pale mauve or cream. Ground color is a dark pink on the majority of specimens, but may be yellow
or white or shades in between. Color of the pattern varies from rich reddish brown to yellowish brown
and coffee brown. Pattern of bold and weak zig-zag lines which form strong tenting on most specimens.
Aperture brownish pink in most specimens but yellow in some. Discussion: Stingley in his discussion
states, "This Olive in no way resembles any other Oliva species in color, form, and disposition of
markings. I know of no other species to compare this Olive with." However, at least two olive species are
similar and should be carefully compared with Oliva foxi: the Hawaiian Oliva richerti Kay, 1979, (from off
Oahu in 20-266 in) and the Panamic O. kaleotina Duclos, 1835. I have not yet examined Oliva richerti,
but a color photograph of this species, published prior to its description, in the June, 1976 Hawaiian
Shell News illustrates its similarity to O. foxi. In reading Kay's description the principle difference I find
between these 2 species is that O. richerti has 4 columellar plaits while O. foxi has 3. The length and
width are the same. Dr. Kay compared O. richerti to O. multiplicata Reeve, 1850. Oliva foxi may prove
to be synonymous with or a subspecies of O. richerti. The color pattern and shell characters of Oliva foxi
are different from those of O. kaleontina Duclos, 1835. Oliva foxi was first illustrated in Hawaiian Shell
News by Zeigler in July, 1980, under the title, "An Olive Stranger from Cocos Island".
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2050.
Publicación No.: 286 Oliva foxi (Gastropoda: Olividae) at Isla Montuosa, Golfo de Chiriquí,
Panamá [Oliva foxi (Gastropoda: Olividae) en la Isla Montuosa, Golfo de Chiriquí, Panamá] / Kaiser,
K.L. (Paseo de las Conchas Chinas #115, Depto. 4, Puerto Vallarta, MX <E-mail:
klkaiser@pvnet.com.mx>). In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 31, no. 4, p. 51-52. 1999.
During the Smithonsian Institution's Expedition to the Golfo de Chiriquí, Panamá, from 5 - 20 December
1998, Clay Bryce of the Western Australian Museum and I were diving off Isla Montuosa (7°28.60'N,
82'13.80'W). On 7 December, we found and photographed a living specimen of Oliva foxi Stingley, 1984,
at a depth of 11 m, on a sand and rubble substrate among patches of the coral Porites lobata. The 34.2
mm specimen of O. foxi shown in Plate 1, figure 6 has a cream to pinkish colored base with
reddishbrown to dark brown zig-zag lines and flag markings. The interior of the shell is tinged with
yellow and the base has a blush of lavendar. The animal is yellowish cream, mottled with brown
markings. Stingley (1984) described the species from Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, and Shasky (1984) redescribed it and reported finding 21 specimens at Isla del Coco. Until now, Oliva foxi was considered
endemic to Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. The occurrence of the species at Isla Montuosa, Panamá,
constitutes a significant range extension to the mainland of Panamá.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2060.
170
Publicación No.: 287 Marginellidae (Mollusca: Neogastropoda) from the Galápagos Islands and
Cocos Island [Marginellidae (Mollusca: Neogastropoda) de las Islas Galápagos y de la Isla del Coco] /
Roth, B.; Coan, E.V. (California Academy of Sciences. Department of Geology, San Francisco, CA, US).
In: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (ISSN 0068-547X), v. 37, no. 23, p. 575-584.
1971.
Eighteen species of the gastropod family Marginellidae have been reported from the eastern Pacific area.
The present paper describes four more, recognized in the course oa biogeographic study of the family;
three of these receive names. Marginellid records fr the Galápagos Islands and Cocos Island, Costa Rica,
are in part revised.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2064.
Publicación No.: 288 Update on mollusks with Indo-Pacific faunal affinities in the tropical
eastern Pacific. Part II [Actualización sobre los moluscos con afinidades faunísticas Indopacíficas en el
Pacífico oriental tropical. Parte II] / Shasky, D.R. (834 Highland Ave, Redlands, CA 92373, US). In: The
Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 15, no. 11, p. 109-110. 1983.
This paper is Part II of a paper I presented last year at the Western Society of Malacologists meeting in
Redlands, California [see Festivus 15(2):27-28]. I had not expected that there would be a second part -at least not so soon. In that paper I reviewed the literature that appeared since Dr. William K. Emerson's
paper with a similar title in Volume 92 of the Nautilus dated April 1978 and Dr. Hans Bertsch's
nudibranch paper in the same journal in Volume 93 in 1.979. In my paper, I cited additional species that
I had collected at La Plata Island, Ecuador and Taboga Island, Panama. I also reviewed a paper by
Robert Robertson and one by Hans Bertsch and L.J. Bibbey. Dr. Michel Montoya, presently of Managua,
Nicaragua, has a paper in press titled "Los Moluscos Marinos de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Lista
Anotada de Especies." (The Marine Mollusks of Cocos Island, Costa Rica. An Annotated List of Species)
Dr. Montoya, a native Peruvian, is an agronomist with the inter-American Institute for Cooperation on
Agriculture. His paper is a complete literature review. He reports 16 species of bivalves, 89 gastropods,
4 chitons, and 9 cephalopods. No scaphopods or nudibranchs have been reported from the island. This is
a total of only I1.8 species. This past April, I was privileged to be able to spend 612 days SCUBA diving
around Cocos Island. As far as I can determine, I was the first diver-malacologist to explore these
waters -- in other words, virgin territory. In June of this year Dr. Montoya also dove there. (I worked the
hard bottom and he the soft bottom.) This paper cites new Indo-Pacific records from Cocos Island which
has been virtually undiscovered by malacologists. It is located approximately 300 miles south by
southwest of Puntarenas, CostaRica and is the largest uninhabited island in the world. It is about 20
square miles. Its annual rainfall is 22 feet (7000 mm). It has 200 waterfalls and a number of bays and
inlets. In April the water temperature at all depths was 85°F. My diving was done from the 82 foot
motor-schooner, Victoria, built in Sweden and manned by a Swedish crew. It takes up to eight divers
from Puntarenas to Cocos Island. The accomodations are adequate and the food is excellent. The
following seven species have not been previously recorded in the Eastern Pacific. 1. Viriola abbotti
(Baker & Spicer, 1935). This was described from Samoa and subsequently reported living in Hawaii by
Dr. E. Alison Kay. 2. Scalenostoma subulata (Broderip, 1832). According to Dr. Anders Waren of
Sweden, this species has 18 synonyms. Up until now this had been found in all tropical seas with the
exception of the Eastern Pacific. 3. Cypraea talpa Linnaeus, 1758. Altogether I found 5 living specimens
of this and Captain Richard Callaway (of Balboa, Panama) who was with me, found 2 more. 4. Cypraea
n. sp. This species is in press in the Venus. It is being described by Dr. Burgess who tells me that this is
found from Australia through the central Pacific. He has examined this shell and confirmed its identity.
Captain Callaway also collected one specimen. 5. Charonia tritonis (Li.nnaeus, 1758). This unique
specimen was found living at 120 ft. 6. Favartia garrettil (Pease, 1869). Up until now, this has been
known only from the Hawaiian Islands. I have had an unidentified Pavartia in my collection for some
time from La Cruz de la Huantecoxtle, which is approximately 30 miles north of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico,
which also proves to be this species. 7. Persicula pulchelia (Kiener, 1834). This was a single dead
specimen. The following four species have been found on other offshore islands, but not previously at
Cocos Island. 1. Bursa granularis (Ading, 1798). This has been reported from Clipperton Island. The
largest specimen I collected measures 72 mm. 2. Cypraea caputserpentis Linnaeus, 1758. This has also
been reported from Clipperton Island. 3. Pseudocypraea adamsonii (Sowerby, 1832). This has been
known from the Galapagos, and I reported collecting one specimen at La Plata Island, Ecuador last year.
4. Coralliophila neritoides (Lamarck, 1816). This is known from the Galapagos and Clipperton Island. It
is abundant on stony coral heads. A pertinent reference seems to have been previously overlooked by
those of us who are interested in the crossover between the tropical Eastern Pacific and the Indo-Pacific
provinces. While working on something else, I chanced to review a paper by Couturier in Volume 55 of
the Journal de Conchyliologie published in 1907. Couturier's paper, "Etude sur les mollusques
gastropodes recueillis par M.L.G. Seurat dans les archipels de Tahiti, Paumotu et Gambier," is a
discussion of a large collection of mollusks collected by Seurat in French Polynesia. In it he lists the
Panamic Rissoina scalarifornnis C.B. Adams, 1852 as having been found on the island of Rikitea. In the
same paper, Couturier also described a variety of Rissoina zeltneri (DeFolin, 1867), another Panamic
species, which he called Rissoina zeltneri var. tuainotensis. I have a number of species from Cocos
Island as yet not identified. Several of these are new species one of which is a specimen of a Rissoina
that is unlike any of the known Eastern Pacific species. It is very close to an unidentified species that I
collected in Tahiti this past January but they are not conspecific. Though the scleriform shape is much
the same in both species, the Tahitian one has rather strong axial threads not found in the species from
Cocos Island. I also collected an olive that I had not seen before. In summary, Dr. Montoya and I are
adding 7 additional Indo-Pacific species to the ever enlarging list of Indo-Pacific mollusks that are found
in the tropical West American fauna. We are, at present, preparing an update of his Cocos Island
171
checklist that will increase the known species by at least 100. It may be of interest to you that Dr.
Montoya and I will be returning to Cocos Island next march for 21 days. During that time we will have
the best low tides of the year which will give us an opportunity that we did not have previously. I expect,
that from this proposed trip, there will be a Part III under this title next year.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2097.
Publicación No.: 289 Manual de plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen III. Monocotiledóneas
(Orchidaceae-Zingiberaceae) / Hammel, B.E, (ed.).; Grayum, M.H, (ed.).; Herrera-Mora, C, (ed.).;
Zamora-Villalobos, N.A, (ed.).; Troyo-Jiménez, S, (il.). (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Apdo. 223100, Santo Domingo de Heredia, CR <E-mail: bhammel@inbio.ac.cr> <E-mail: grayum@mobot.org>
<E-mail: cherrera@inbio.ac.cr> <E-mail: nzamora@inbio.ac.cr> <E-mail: stroyo@inbio.ac.cr> ). In:
Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden (ISSN 0161-1542), v. 93, 884 pp.
2003. ISBN: 1-930723-23-7.
The Manual de plantas de Costa Rica is a concise, illustrated guide to all of the species of native,
naturalized, and commercially cultivated seed plants of this Central American country which lies between
Nicaragua and Panama and is thus centered inisthmian Central America -a biogeographical funnel
between South an North America, densely rich in species and geological history. The Manual is the first
comprehensive Spanish-language account of the Costa Ricas flora. The work is presented in a series of
volumes: Volume III, concluding the monocots, is the second to appear. Two large, economically and
ornamentally important families, the orchids (Orchidaceae) with 1318 species, and the grasses
(Poaceae), with 488 species, account for more than 95% of the species in this volumen. Besides brief
formal descriptions and informal notes about each of a total of 10 families. 331 genera. and 1861
species of monocots, this identification manual contains keys to all the genera and species included
within the volume. Finally. the treatments are illustrated with 377 line drawings, 10 black-and-white
photographs. and 8 pages of color plates.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 581.97286 M294.
Publicación No.: 290 Thirty-five new species of Eugenia (Myrtaceae) from Mesoamerica
[Treinta y cinco nuevas especies de Eugenia (Myrtaceae) de Mesoamérica] / Barrie, F.R. (The Field
Museum of Natural History. Department of Botany, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, US <Email: fred.barrie@mobot.org>). In: Novon (ISSN 1055-3177), v. 15, no. 1, p. 4-49. 2005.
Preparation of a treatment of Eugenia (Myrtaceae) for the Flora Mesoamericana resulted in the discovery
of many taxa heretofore undescribed. Here, 35 new species from all parts of Mesoamerica are described
and illustrated: Eugenia belloi, E. breedlovei, E. cararaensis, E. cerrocacaoensis, E. chavarriae, E.
cintalapana, E. cocosensis, E. coibensis, E. corusca, E. esteliensis, E. farinacea, E. gomezii, E. grayumii,
E. grijalvae, E. hammellii, E. hartshornii, E. herrarae, E. intibucana, E. lempana, E. liesneri, E.
lithosperma, E. locuples, E. magniflora, E. mcphersonii, E. molinae, E. monteverdensis, E. paloverdensis,
E. quercetorum, E. riosae, E. sancarlosensis, E. selvana, E. shimishito, E. tilarana, E. verruculata, and E.
zuchowskiae.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2322.
Publicación No.: 291 A revision of Mesoamerican Psychotria subgenus Psychotria (Rubiaceae,
Part II: species 17-47) [Revisión de las Psychotria mesoamericanas del subgénero Psychotria
(Rubiaceae, Parte II: especies 17-47)] / Hamilton, C.W. (University of Washington. Center for Urban
Horticulture, GF-15, Seattle, WA 98195, US). In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (ISSN 00266493), v. 76, no. 2, p. 386-429. 1989.
Psychotria subgenus Psychotria (Rubiaceae) comprises 61 species and eight varieties of understory
shrubs and small trees in Mexico and Central America. The subgenus is most diverse in Panama (40
species) and Costa Rica (32 species), with a secondary center of diversity in southern Mexico (26
species) and Guatemala (26 species). Endemism is also greatest in Panama (15 species). Species-rich
regions in Costa Rica and Panama are especially recommended for conservation efforts. The 61 species
are grouped into eight species-groups; several groups and species complexes contain one wide-ranging
species and several species with much smaller ranges. Only one species-rich group, the P. calophylla
group, lacks a continuously wide-ranging member.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2924. Biblioteca Museo Nacional: QK73.M5 A5.
Publicación No.: 292 Catalogue of Costa Rican Hepaticae and Anthocerotae [Catálogo de las
Hepaticae y Anthocerotae costarricenses] / Dauphin-López, G. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Jardín
Botánico Lankester, Apdo. 1031-7050, Cartago, CR <E-mail: gregoriodauphin@hotmail.com>). In:
Tropical Bryology (ISSN 0935-5626), v. 26, p. 141-218. 2005.
This catalogue contains literature reports and new records of Costa Rican Hepaticae and Anthocerotae,
proceeding from monographs, revisions, floristic inventories, ecological bryophyte studies and herbarium
specimens. The nomenclature has been updated in several genera. A total of 582 hepatic and eight
hornwort species are reported from Costa Rica. The present work adds 26 new species records, and
excludes 49 dubious records. Three new synonyms are proposed: Taxilejeunea carinata Herzog
(=Lejeunea anomala Lindenb. & Gottsche); Taxilejeunea standleyi Herzog (=T. obtusangula [Spruce] A.
Evans) and Syzygiella gracillima Herzog (=S. perfoliata [Sw.] Spruce).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2446.
Publicación No.: 293 Flora of Panama. Part VI. Family 87A. Humiriaceae [Flora de Panamá. Parte
VI. Familia 87A. Humiriaceae] / Woodson, R.E., Jr.; Schery, R.W.; Gentry, A.H. (Missouri Botanical
172
Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166, US). In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (ISSN
0026-6493), v. 62, no. 1, p. 35-44. 1975.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2555.
Publicación No.: 294 Lista anotada de los alacranes (Arachnida: Scorpiones) de América
Central, con algunas consideraciones biogeográficas / de Armas, L.F.; Maes, J.M. (Apartado Postal
4327, San Antonio de los Baños, La Habana, CU <E-mail: biokarst@ama.cu> <E-mail:
jmmaes@ibw.com.ni>). In: Revista Nicaragüense de Entomología (ISSN 1021-0296), no. 46, p. 23-38.
1998.
The poorly known Central American scorpiofauna (excluding Mexican lands) contains 38 species
belonging to 11 genera, and 5 families (Buthidae, Chactidae, Diplocentridae, Ischnuridae, and
Vaejovidae). Most of them (24 species) are Central American endemics. Centruroides, with 10 species, is
the most diverse and widespread genus in this territory, whereas all the seven Diplocentrus species are
restricted to the area. Didymocentrus, with two species, is the only scorpion genus that apparently has a
Central American center of dispersion. Panama contains the highest diversity (17 species, 8 genera, and
4 families), but shows a low endemism (17.6 %), only higher than that of El Salvador (0 %).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-914.
Publicación No.: 295 Creation of the Cocos and Nazca plates by fission of the Farallon plate
[Producción de las placas Coco y Nazca por fisión de la placa Farallon] / Lonsdale, P. (University of
California at San Diego. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Geosciences Research Division, 9500
Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, US <E-mail: plonsdale@ucsd.edu>). In: Tectonophysics (ISSN 00401951), v. 404, no. 3/4, p. 237-264. 2005.
Throughout the Early Tertiary the area of the Farallon oceanic plate was episodically diminished by
detachment of large and small northern regions, which became independently moving plates and
microplates. The nature and history of Farallon plate fragmentation has been inferred mainly from
structural patterns on the western, Pacific-plate flank of the East Pacific Rise, because the fragmented
eastern flank has been subducted. The final episode of plate fragmentation occurred at the beginning of
the Miocene, when the Cocos plate was split off, leaving the much reduced Farallon plate to be renamed
the Nazca plate, and initiating Cocos-Nazca spreading. Some Oligocene Farallon plate with rifted margins
that are a direct record of this plate-splitting event has survived in the eastern tropical Pacific, most
extensively off northern Peru and Ecuador. Small remnants of the conjugate northern rifted margin are
exposed off Costa Rica, and perhaps south of Panama. Marine geophysical profiles (bathymetric,
magnetic and seismic reflection) and multibeam sonar swaths across these rifted oceanic margins,
combined with surveys of 30-20 Ma crust on the western rise-flank, indicate that (i) Localized
lithospheric rupture to create a new plate boundary was preceded by plate stretching and fracturing in a
belt several hundred kin wide. Fissural volcanism along some of these fractures built volcanic ridges
(e.g., Alvarado and Sarmiento Ridges) that are 1-2 km high and parallel to "absolute" Farallon plate
motion; they closely resemble fissural ridges described from the young western flank of the present
Pacific-Nazca rise. (ii) For 1-2 m.y. prior to final rupture of the Farallon plate, perhaps coinciding with
the period of lithospheric stretching, the entire platechanged direction to a more easterly ("Nazca-like")
course; after the split the northern (Cocos) part reverted to a northeasterly absolute motion. (iii) The
plate-splitting fracture that became the site of initial Cocos-Nazca spreading was a linear feature that at
least through the 680 kin of ruptured Oligocene lithosphere known to have avoided subduction, did not
follow any pre-existing feature on the Farallon plate, e.g., a "fracture zone' trail of a transform fault. (iv)
The margins of surviving parts of the plate-splitting fracture have narrow shoulders raised by uplift of
unloaded footwalls, and partially buried by fissural volcanism. (v) Cocos-Nazca spreading began at 23
Ma; reports of older Cocos-Nazca crust in the eastern Panama Basin were based on misidentified
magnetic anomalies. There is increased evidence that the driving force for the 23 Ma fission of the
Farallon plate was the divergence of slab-pull stresses at the Middle America and South America
subduction zones. The timing and location of the split may have been influenced by (i) the increasingly
divergent northeast slab pull at the Middle America subduction zone, which lengthened and reoriented
because of motion between the North America and Caribbean plates; (ii) the slightly earlier detachment
of a northern part of the plate that had been entering the California subduction zone, contributing a less
divergent plate-driving stress; and (iii) weakening of older parts of the plate by the Galapagos hotspot,
which had come to underliethe equatorial region, midway between the risecrest and the two subduction
zones, by the Late Oligocene.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2759.
Publicación No.: 296 Plate tectonic evolution of the Cocos-Nazca spreading center [Evolución de
la placa tectónica del centro de dispersión de las placas Coco-Nazca] / Meschede, M. (University of
Griefswald.
Institute
of
Geological
Sciences,
D-17487
Griefswald,
DE
<E-mail:
meschede@unigriefswald.de>). In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results vol.
170. Silver, E.A.; Kimura, G.; Shipley, T.H. (eds.) , 2000. p. 1-10 [Online].
Paleogeographic restorations for the oceanic crust formed by the Cocos-Nacza spreading center and its
precursors were performed in steps of 0.5 m.y. The breakup of the Farallon plate into the Cocos and
Nazca plates occurred at ~23 Ma and was followedby three subsequent spreading systems: CNS-1, ~2319.5 Ma; CNS-2, 19.5-14.7 Ma; and CNS-3, 14.7 Ma-present. Based on the spreading history, we
reconstructed the evolution and ages of submarine aseismic ridges in the Eastern Pacific Basin-the
Carnegie, Coiba, Cocos, and Malpelo Ridges, which overprint oceanic crust formed at the subsequent
Cocos-Nazca spreading system. The mophological bipartition of the Carnegie Ridge reflects the jump
173
from CNS-2 to CNS-3 at 14.7 Ma and the later increasing distance of the CNS-3 spreading axis from the
Galápagos hotspot. The Cocos Ridge is mainly composed of products from the Galápagos hotspot but
also contains material from a suggested less productive second center of volcanic activity that is located
~600 km northeast of Galápagos. The Malpelo Ridge is a product of the second center of volcanic
activity, whereas the Coiba Ridge probably formed directly at the Galápagos hotspot. The geometric
relationship of the Cocos and Carnegie Ridges indicates symmetric spreadingand a constant northward
shift of the presently active CNS-3 system since its formation at 14.7 Ma. Localización: Biblioteca
OET: NBINA-2766.
Publicación No.: 297 Crustal structure of the Cocos Ridge northeast of Cocos Island, Panamá
Basin / Walther, C.H.E. (GEOMAR. forschungszentrum für Marine Geowissenschaften der CAU
Wischhofstrasse 1-3, D-24148, Kiel, DE <E-mail: cwalther@geomar.de>). In: Geophysical Research
Letters (ISSN 0094-8276), v. 29, no. 20, 1986, doi:101029/2001GL014267, 2002. 2002.
The submarine Cocos ridge in the northwestern Panama basin, Pacific ocean, is generally interpreted as
the trace of the Galápagos hotspot. A 278 km long seismic wide-angle transect was carried out across a
comparatively narrow ridge segment, 150 km northeast of Cocos Island. The results indicate a huge
thickened crust, where crustal thickening is mainly achieved by the lower crust, which makes up 75% of
the crustal thickness and is tripled compared to normal oceanic lower crust. The velocities are
comparable to normal lower crust and suggest no differences to a gabbroic composition. The Moho
deepens from 10 to 18 km depth below the ridge. Similarities to other hotspot related oceanic ridges and
plateaus with massive lower crusts and velocities below 7.4 km/s suggest the formation of this Cocos
ridge segment near or at the plate boundary.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2729.
Publicación No.: 298 Dos nuevos registros para la avifauna de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica /
Montoya-Maquín, J.M.; Pascal, M. (Fundación Amigos de la Isla del Coco, Apdo postal 6327, 1000 San
José, CR <E-mail: michelmontoya@correo.co.cr> <E-mail: pascal@beaulieu.rennes.inra.fr>). In:
Zeledonia (Costa Rica) (ISSN 1659-0732), v. 8, no. 2, p. 7-11. 2004.
Introducción: La avifauna de la Isla de Coco comprende 109 registros de especies pertenecientes a 70
géneros. Las aves marinas y pelágicas están representadas por 31 especies en 15 géneros: las aves
costeras y estuarinas con 38 especies en 23 géneros.. y las terrestres con 40 especies en 32 géneros.
Trece especies son residentes (se reproducen en la isla): cinco son terrestres (tres endémicas, una no
endémica y una introducida), y ocho son marinas que anidan principalmente en los islotes que circundan
la Isla y otras áreas protegidas de la misma. Noventa y seis especies son visitantes de diversas
categorías (regulares, ocasionales o accidentales), pero no se ha estudiado la frecuencia y características
de su presencia. Entre las especies visitantes existen 77 que son migrantes neárticas, y cuatro
neotropicales. que visitan la isla en pequeño número. El resto de las aves visitantes corresponde a
especies marinas y pelágicas no consideradas como migrantes (Montoya 2003). Esta comunicación tiene
el objetivo de aumentar el conocimiento sobre las aves de la Isla del Coco, y dejar la inquietud de la
necesidad de establecer un programa permanente de monitoreo aviar en la isla, que permita una mejor
comprensión de esta avifauna.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: Z.
Publicación No.: 299 Ornithological observations from Cocos Island, Costa Rica (April 2005)
[Observaciones ornitológicas de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica (Abril 2005)] / Dean, R.; Montoya-Maquín,
J.M. (Bird Art, Monteverde, ) <E-mail: michelmontoya@correo.co.cr>. In: Zeledonia (Costa Rica) (ISSN
1659-0732), v. 9, no. 1, p. 62-69. 2005.
Se presentan observaciones sobre 33 especies de la avifauna de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, las que
fueron realizadas entre el 25 y 28 de abril del 2005. Se anota el primer registro para la Isla del Coco de
Hirundo pyrrhonota (Cliff Swallow / Golondrina risquera), especie migrante neártica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: Z.
Publicación No.: 300 Contribución al catálogo de los Gasteromycetes (Basidiomycotina, Fungi)
de Costa Rica / Calonge, F.D.; Mata, M.; Carranza-Velásquez, J. (CSIC, Real Jardín Botánico, Plaza
Murillo 2, Madrid, ES <E-mail: calonge@ma-rjb.csic.es> <E-mail: mmata@inbio.ac.cr> <E-mail:
julietac@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid (ISSN 0211-1322), v. 62, no. 1,
p. 23-45. 2005.
This paper presents a revision of 819 herbarium collections of Gasteromycetes from Costa Rica. One
hundred and three taxa were identified, two of them are new records for America: Cyathus africanus and
Morganella compacta; and 44 are new to Costa Rica: Bovista aestivalis, B. cunningharnii, B.
dermoxantha, B. dominicensis, B. longispora, Calostoma lutescens, C. ravenelii, Calvatia candida, C.
excipuliforrnis, Chlamydopus meyenianus, Crucibulum laeve, Cyathus earlei, C. berkeleyanus, C.
helenae, C. julietae, C. limbatus, C. montagnei, C. nova-zealandiae, C. pallidus, C. poeppigii, C. setosus,
Geastrum badium, G. fimbriatum, G. fimbriatum var. pseudohieronimii var. nov., G. javanicum, G.
lageniforme, G. minimum, G. rutescens, G. smardae, G. striatum, Langermannia bicolor, L. gigantea,
Lycogalopsis solmsii, Lycoperdon echinatum, L. eximium, L. juruense, Phallogaster saccatus,
Scleroderma bovista, S. cepa, S. verrucosum, Vascellum endotephrum, V. floridanum,V. pratense and V.
texense. Five genera are new to Costa Rica: Chlamydopus, Langermannia, Lycogalopsis. Phallogasrer
and Vascellum. Comments related with their taxonomy, ecology and distribution are also included. Based
on the results, we conclude that the Gasteromycetes flora of Costa Rica is one of the richest in America,
if we take into account the small area of the country. Richness may be due to more intensive sampling
than in other neotropical countries, as well as to a range of altitudes from sea level to 3820 m.
174
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S10490. NBINA-2800.
Publicación No.: 301 The state of knowledge on echinoderms of Costa Rica and Central
America [Estado del conocimiento de los equinodermos de Costa Rica y Centroamérica] / AlvaradoBarrientos, J.J.; Cortés-Núñez, J. (Universidad de Costa Rica. CIMAR y Escuela de Biología, Apartado
2060-1000, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR <E-mail: juanalva@biologia.ucr.ac.cr> <E-mail:
jcortes@biologia.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Echinoderms. Heinzeller & Nebelsick (eds.) London: Taylor & Francis
Group, 2004. p. 149-155. ISBN: 04-1536-481-7.
The recent echinoderm faunas of Central America, and Costa Rica in particular are poorly known.
Echinoderm research has been conducted during two different periods, each with a different focus.
During the first period, lasting from the mid 19th to the mid 20th centuries, scientist from the United
States and Europe carried out several international expeditions that resulted in a general description of
echinoderm diversity of the area. In the second period, starting in the second half of the 20th century,
investigations were carried out mainly by local researchers in Costa Rica, and by members of the
Smithsonian Institution in other parts of Central America. These investigations focused on ecology and
evolution as well as on the behavior and distribution of particular species. In the study presented, a total
of 315 echinoderms species from Central America are reported (11 crinoids, 50 asteroids, 104
ophiuroids, 74 echinoids and 76 holothuroids). Panama (202 species) and Costa Rica (141 species) show
the highest echinoderm diversities. More research is needed in other Central America countries as well
as in deeper water habitats.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2765.
Publicación No.: 302 A review of the New World genus Pterogramma Spuler and a revision of
the Pterogramma sublugubrinum group (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae) [Revisión del
género del Nuevo Mundo Pterogramma Spuler y revisión del grupo Pterogramma sublugubrinum
(Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae)] / Smith, I.P.; Marshall, S.A. (University of Guelph. Department
of Environmental Biology, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CA <E-mail: smarshall@evb.uoguelph.ca>). In:
Contributions in Science (Los Angeles) (ISSN 0459-8113), no. 499, p. 1-163. 2004.
Pterogramma Spuler (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae) is redefined as an almost entirely New
World group including only species with a single orbital bristle. Six species groups are defined and the
relationships between them are considered. A key is provided to species groups, all Nearctic species, and
all named species. At least some species are described for each species group in an attempt to
characterize the species groups and to provide descriptions for at least those new species for which we
have natural history information. The Pterogramma sublugubrinum species group is fully revised, with
consideration of the phylogeny and zoogeography of the group and the provision of keys and
descriptions for all known species. The following new species are described: Pterogramma adustum, P.
ancora, P. aquatile, P. atronaricum, P. costaphiletrix, P. flaviceps, P. gilviventre, P. infernaceps, P. jubar,
P. lobosternum, P. luridobregma, P. morretense, P. nexoverpa, P. nigrotibiale, P. ochrofrons, P.
portalense, and P. stictopenne. A neotype is designated for Limosina lugubris Williston, 1896 (=
Pterogramma sublugubrinum).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2476.
Publicación No.: 303 Hybridization in the recent past [Hibridación en el pasado reciente] / Grant,
P.R.; Grant, B.R.; Petren, K. (Princeton University. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,
Princeton, N.J. 08544-1003, US <E-mail: prgrant@princeton.edu> <E-mail: rgrant@princeton.edu> <Email: ken.petren@uc.edu>). In: The American Naturalist (ISSN 0003-0147), v. 166, no. 1, p. 56-67.
2005.
The question we address in this article is how hybridization in the recent past can be detected in recently
evolved species. Such species may not have evolved genetic incompatibilities and may hybridize with
litlle or no fitness loss. Hybridization can be recognized by relativele small genetic differences between
sympatric populations because sympatric populations have the opportunity to interbreed whereas
allopatric populations do not. Using microsatellite DNA data from Darwins' finches in the Galápagos
archipelago, we compare sympatric and allopatric genetic distances in pairs of Geospiza and
Camarhynchus species. In agreement with the hybridization hypothesis, we found a statistically strong
tendency for a species to be more similar genetically to a sympatric relative than to allopatric
populations of that relative. Hybridization has been studied directly on two islands, but it is evidently
more widespread in the archipelago. We argue that introgressive hybridization may have been a
persistent feature of the adaptive readiation through most of its history, facilitating evolutionary
diversification and occasionally affecting both the speed and direction of evolution.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2815.
Publicación No.: 304 High complexity food webs in low-diversity eatern Pacific reef-coral
communities / Glynn, P.W. (University of Miami. Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Sciences,
Division of Marine Biology & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149-1098, US <Email: pglynn@rsmas.miami.edu>). In: Ecosytems (ISSN 1432-9840), v. 7, no. 4, p. 358-367. 2004.
Community-wide feeding interrelationships in a low-diversity coral reef off the Pacific coast of Panama
(Uva Island reef) demonstrate complex pathways involving herbivore, strong corallivore, and carnivore
interactions. Four trophic levels with 31 interguild links are identified in a generalized food web, and
documented feeding interrelationships with 287+ species links are portrayed in a coral-corallivore
subweb. The importance of trophic groups changes greatly with time, from unknown causes over annual
to decadal-scale periods, and during very strong El Niño-Southern Oscillation events such that
intermittent intense herbivory by echinoids (Diadema) and corallivory by gastropod mollusks, the crown-
175
of-thorns sea star Acanthaster, hermit crabs, and fishes result in high levels of coral mortality and
bioerosion of reef substratum. Intraregional differences in species composition and abundances affecting
food-web interactions are briefly described for nonupwelling (Uva Island) and upwelling areas (Pearl
Islands) in Panama. Seasonal upwelling in the Pearl Islands results in high plankton productivity, which
likely augments production in invertebrates, fishes, marine mammals, and seabirds, but these pathways
still remain largely unquantified. The corallivore Acanthaster is absent from upwelling centers in
Panama´ and from upwelling and nonupwelling areas in the southern and central Gala´pagos Islands,
and the highly destructive, facultative corallivore Eucidaris galapagensis occurs only in the latteroffshore
islands and at Cocos Island. Relatively recent declines in the abundances of manta rays, sharks, and
spiny lobsters are correlated with, but not necessarily causally linked to, increasing fishing activities in
the late 1970s to early 1980s. The extent to which the complex yet highly unstable Uva Island food web
is representative of other eastern Pacific coral reef ecosystems remains to be investigated.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2816.
Publicación No.: 305 Feeding habits and morphological variation in Cocos Finches [Hábitos
alimentarios y variación morfológica en los pinzones de la Isla del Coco] / Smith, J.N.M.; Sweatman,
H.P.A. (University of British Columbia. Department of Zoology, Vancouver 8, B.C., CA). In: The Condor
(ISSN 0010-5422), v. 78, no. 2, p. 244-248. 1976.
Twenty Cocos Finches were captured, measured and released. The foraging habits of a sample of these
birds were classified and compared with those of some Darwin's finches from the Galápagos. As
predicted from the relative absence of competitors, the Cocos Finch is generalized in its foraging habits,
but structural differences in the habitat and differences in the nature of available foods complicate
comparisons with both the Galápagos and the Central American mainland. Unlike some Galápagos
finches,the Cocos Finch shows little morphological variation in beak characters. This may be due to the
different spectrum of available foods on Cocos or may be a consequence of higher temporal and spatial
heterogeneity in the Galápagos environment.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2817.
Publicación No.: 306 Late Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and
paleoceanography of the Panama Basin / Keigwin, L.D., Jr. (The University of Rhode Island.
Graduate School of Oceanography, Kingston, R.I. 02881, US). In: Micropaleontology (ISSN 0026-2803),
v. 22, no. 4, p. 419-442. 1976.
Foraminiferal assemblages from Late Miocene to Late Pleistocene sediments from Deep Sea Drilling
Project (DSDP) Sites 157, 158, and 84 in the Panama Basin have been analyzed, using factor analysis
and other quantitative techniques. As a working hypothesis, species in continuous evolutionary lineages
and those similar in morphology to modern species are assumed to have environmental tolerances
similar to the living representative. The Late Miocene of the Panama Basin is marked by major calcium
carbonate dissolution. On the Carnegie and Cocos Ridges, samples from this interval have from 5 to 20
times as many benthic foraminifera and foraminiferal fragments as whole specimens of planktonic
species. Dissolution is apparent, but less intense, in the Pliocene and Pleistocene. The faunas throughout
consist generally of tropical and subtropical taxa admixed with a few temperate-water species. The Late
Miocene is also marked by a gradual increase in the abundance of the Neogloboquadrina plexus relative
to the abundance of tropical species. This may be associated with the emergence of the Isthmus of
Panama and the separation of the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. The faunal elements of waters of
highest latitude occur in the Early Pliocene on the Carnegie and Cocos Ridges and in the Pleistocene
throughout the entire region. This introduction of a new assemblage reflects climatic cooling. There is
also faunal evidence of climatic deterioration beginning in the Middle Pliocene. Important faunal
elements are illustrated with scanning electron micrographs.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2844.
Publicación No.: 307 The distribution of nutrients in the Costa Rica dome in the eastern
tropical Pacific Ocean [Distribución de nutrimentos en el domo Costa Rica en el Océano Pacífico
oriental tropical] / Broenkow, W.W. (U.S. Department of the Interior. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau
of Commercial Fisheries, Biological Laboratory, San Diego, CA, US). In: Limnology and Oceanography
(ISSN 0024-3590), v. 10, no. 1, p. 40-52. 1965.
The distributions of salinity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, and silicate in the Costa Rica Dome
are described from data collected during the Costa Rica Dome cruise November-December 1959. The
dome is an area where nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor water is brought to the surface by upwelling. The
ratios of change of oxygen, phosphate, and nitrate are computed statistically from the observed data to
1,100 m depth. A simple mixing model is used to explain the observed vertical distribution of
oxygenabove 65 m when allowances are made for photosynthetic oxygen production. The contributions
of oxygen from various sources are estimated by use of the model. A similar model is used to compute
the ratios in which nutrients are assimilated by phytoplankton.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2868.
Publicación No.: 308 Display repertoire analysis of Anolis townsendi (Sauria: Iguanidae) from
Cocos Island [Análisis del repertorio de exhibiciones de Anolis townsendi (Sauria: Iguanidae) de la Isla
del Coco] / Jenssen, T.A.; Rothblum, L.M. (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Biology
Department, Blacksburg, VA 24061, US). In: Copeia (ISSN 0045-8511), v. 1977, no. 1, p. 103-109.
1977.
Male Anolis townsendi have a large agonistic social display repertoire of 4 display types (displays A-D).
The type A display appeared analogous in function to the signature display of other anoles. All 4 display
176
patterns were performed during male-male territorial encounters, with types C and D being rarely
observed. The 2 most commonly performed display types (A and B displays) were quantitatively
analyzed. Both display patterns had a unique feature of being composed of a series of 4 complex motor
patterns (acts) which appeared in a fixed sequence. Though these acts were relatively stereotyped, the
number of acts performed during a display was variable. One way analysis of variance components
indicated that 97% of the variability of display duration for both A and B displays was attributed to
intraindividual variation and only 3% of the temporal variability was ascribed to interindividual variation;
this shows that all sampled lizards could vary the durations of their displays to a similar extent. The way
in which display types B-D diverged from the basic signature display (A display) was strikingly similar to
the situation found in Anolis limifrons, a species which also has a large display repertoire.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2837.
Publicación No.: 309 A new species of Parapinnixa (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae)
from Isla del Coco, Costa Rica [Una especie nueva de Parapinnixa (Decapoda: Brachyura:
Pinnotheridae) de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica] / Thoma, B.P.; Heard, R.W.; Vargas-Castillo, R.
(University of Southern Mississippi. Department of Coastal Sciences, POB 7000, Ocean Springs, MS
39566,
US
<E-mail:
brent.thoma@usm.edu>
<E-mail:
richard.heard@usm.edu>
<E-mail:
ritav@cariari.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington (ISSN 0006-324X), v.
118, no. 3, p. 543-550. 2005.
A single ovigerous female of Parapinnixa cortesi, a new species, was collected from the calcareous tube
of an unidentified serpulid polychaete on Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. The new species most closely
resembles P. glasselli Garth, 1939, P. hendersoni Rathbun, 1918, and P. nitida (Lockington, 1876), but it
can be distinguished from these and all other members of the genus by the morphology of the chelae
and the proportions of the carapace.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2910.
Publicación No.: 310 Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) increase number of whistles
when feeding [Los delfines nariz de botella (Tursiops truncatus) aumentan el número de silbidos
cuando comen] / Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A.; Stienessen, S.C. (Western Washington University. Department
of Biology, Bellingham, WA 98225-9160, US <E-mail: acevedo@biol.wwu.edu>). In: Aquatic Mammals
(ISSN 0167-5427), v. 30, no. 3, p. 357-362. 2004.
We examined the hypothesis that dolphins increase their rate of sound production during feeding events
to recruit new individuals. We recorded 135.5 min of underwater sounds from bottlenose dolphins
(Tursiops truncatus) near Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Data were collected from eight feeding groups and
three nonfeeding groups. We classified sounds as whistles, click trains, or pulse bursts. The number of
whistles per min per dolphin was higher in feeding groups than in nonfeeding groups. More whistles than
click trains or pulse bursts were produced when dolphins were feeding. On the other hand, there was no
difference in the proportion of each sound type produced when dolphins were not feeding. New dolphins
joined the feeding events for which we recorded dolphin sounds. Results supported the hypothesis that
dolphin group size increases in response to an increase in the number of whistles by conspecifics;
however, confounding factors, such as the use of specific feeding calls, need to be accounted forto
support the increased sound rate hypothesis.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2945.
Publicación No.: 311 Proposed reclassification of Haliotis roberti McLean, 1970, and photo
study and brief review of the tropical American Haliotis [Propuesta de reclasificación de Haliotis
roberti McLean, 1970, fotoestudio y breve revisión de los Haliotis del trópico americano] / Owen, B.
(P.O. Box 601, Gualala, CA 95445, US <E mail: buzabman@mcn.org>). In: Of Sea and Shore (ISSN
0030-0055), v. 26, no. 3, p. 194-199, 201. 2004.
Forty specimens of the somewhat contentious rare and poorly understood tropical American Haliotis
species, H. dalli from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, and E Gorgona Island, Colombia and H. roberti,
from Cocos Island, Costa Rica, are presented in a photo study. The existence of two shell forms of both
taxa is described, as is the probability of H. roberti being subspecific to H. dalli rather than a distinct
species. Measurement statistics and photography demonstrating the differences between the two
morphological variants are presented.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 312 Illustrated catalog of species assigned to the genus Favartia (Muricidae)
from the Panamic Province [Catálogo ilustrado de las especies del género Favartia (Muricidae) de la
Provincia Panámica] / Myers, B.W. (3761 Mt. Augustus Ave., San Diego, CA 92111, US). In: The
Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 35, no. 6, p. 59-83. 2003.
This catalog includes all nominate species of the genus Favartia s.s. Jousseaume, 1880, and the two
subgenera Caribiella Perrilliat, 1972, and Murexiella Clench & Pérez Farfante, 1945, as well as three
species formerly assigned to Favartia (dipsacus,jacquelinae and poormani) found in the Panamic
Province. This province encompasses the outer coast of Baja California throughout the Golfo de
California, Mexico, south along the Pacific roast to Peru and including the Islas Galapagos, Ecuador, and
Isla del Coco, Costa Rica.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 313 Interactions between marine predators: dolphin food intake is related to
number of sharks [Interacciones entre depredadores marinos: la ingestión de los alimentos en los
delfines está relacionado con el número de tiburones] / Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A. (Western Washington
177
University. Department of Biology, Bellingham, WA 98225-9160, US <E-mail: acevedo@biol.wwu.edu>).
In: Marine Ecology - Progress Series (ISSN 0171-8630), no. 240, p. 267-271. 2002.
Dolphins and sharks feed at times on the same food; however, the influence of these interactions on the
feeding success of either predator has not been measured. I employed underwater video to record
bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus and silky sharks Carcharhinus falciformis feeding on the same
school of fish, and for the first time measured food intake of free ranging dolphins. Regression analyses
showed that dolphin food intake diminished as the number of feeding sharks increased, but was
unrelated to the number of dolphins feeding, size of the prey clump or duration of feeding events. The
number of dolphins increased at the beginning of a feeding event in the presence of sharks but not in
their absence. This increase apparently provided a benefit to dolphins since the number of sharks
feeding was negatively related to the number of dolphins feeding. Other studies have indicated that risk
of shark predation influences dolphin group size and habitat use. This study indicates that interspecific
contests over food influence dolphin food intake and perhaps also dolphin group size.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2946.
Publicación No.: 314 Larval blennies from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands: families
Tripterygiidae, Dactyloscopidae, and Chaenopsidae (Perciformes, Blennioidei) / Herrera, G.A.;
Lavenberg, R.J. (Research and Collections, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900
Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA ). In: Contributions in Science (Los Angeles) (ISSN
0459-8113), no. 488, p. 1-15. 2002.
Postflexion larvae of ten eastern Pacific blennioid species from the Galapagos Islands and Cocos Island
are described. Three families are treated: Tripterygiidae, Dactyloscopidae, and Chaenopsidae. The
identifications were based on meristic data, andon comparisons of morphology between adults and large
larvae. The larvae from the Galapagos Islands are Lepidonectes corallicola (Tripterygiidae);
Dactyloscopus lacteus, Myxodagnus sagitta, Platygillellus rubellulus, and Gillellus semicinctus
(Dactyloscopidae); and Acanthemblemaria castroi and Chaenopsis schmitti (Chaenopsidae). The larvae
from Cocos Island are Dactyloscopus pectoralis fallax (Dactyloscopidae); and Acanthemblemaria atrata
and Stathmonotus sp. (Chaenopsidae). All larvae described herein possess the following characters: a
relatively long and slender body; a melanophore anterior to the tip of the cleithral symphysis; ventral
midline melanophores between pterygiophores of the anal fin; and a small head with a short and
generally rounded snout (except in dactyloscopids and in the chaenopsid Chaenopsis schmitti). Larvae of
Lepidonectes corallicola (Tripterygiidae) have a specific arrangement of melanophores on the
pterygiophores of the third dorsal fin and at the base of spines of the second dorsal fin; pigment is found
ventrally on the caudal peduncle and on the posterior margin of the hypural plates. Larvae of the
dactyloscopids (Dactyloscopus lacteus, Myxodagnus sagitta, Platygillellus rubellulus, and Gillellus
semicinctus) have large and pointed heads, short preanal length (30 35% standard length (SL)), and
prominent dorsal and anal fins. The dactyloscopid larvae can be identified by specific combinations of
characters: presence, number, and size of head melanophores; presence of pigmentation along dorsal
margin of the body; presence of melanophores on the hypural borders; and fin structure and meristics.
Most chaenopsid larvae possess a large and elongate melanophore in the midline along the
basipterygium, a melanophore on the jaw angle, pigment dorsally to the anus, and a long preanal length
(40 50% SL). Characters described herein suggest that some larval attributes may be informative for
the elucidation of phylogenetic relationships within each family.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 315 Halichoeres salmofasciatus, a new species of wrasse (Pisces: Labridae)
from Isla del Coco, tropical eastern Pacific / Allen, G.R.; Robertson, D.R. (Smithsonian Tropical
Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948 PA <E-mail: ross.robertson@stri.org>). In: Aqua
(Italy) (ISSN 0945-9871), v. 5, no. 2, p. 65-72. 2002.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 316 The effect of the El Niño Southern Oscillation event on the distribution of
reef associated labrid fishes in the eastern Pacific Ocean [Efecto del fenómeno de El Niño sobre la
distribución de peces lábridos asociados con arrecifes coralinos en el Océano Pacífico oriental] / Victor,
B.C.; Wellington, G.M.; Robertson, D.R.; Ruttenberg, B.I. (4051 Glenwood, Irvine, CA, 92604, US <Email: ross.robertson@stri.org>). In: Bulletin of Marine Science (ISSN 0007-4977), v. 69, no. 1, p. 279288. 2001.
We surveyed the labrid fishes of the eastern Pacific ocean at multiple sites before, during, and after the
1997 98 ENSO event. Our observations showed that reef fish communities in general did not appear to
change markedly as a result of the ENSO. Recruitment of labrids at the Galapagos Islands, Clipperton
Atoll and Baja California was generally high near the end of the ENSO, indicating no negative effect on
populations. Two labrid species did extend their known range during the ENSO: Stethojulis bandanensis
settled onto the tip of Baja California and to the Galapagos Islands, while Thalassoma virens recruited
heavily to sites along the southern Sea of Cortez in Baja California. We discuss the oceanographic
conditions during the ENSO that may have promoted the range extensions. Adults of these species were
present in Baja California and Galapagos 2 yrs after the end of the ENSO. Our observations raise the
question why these species do not colonize these sites in normal years, given the potential for long
larval durations (up to a maximum of 104 d in T. virens) and rapid long distance transport between
islands in the region (recruits of S. bandanensis spent only about 32 d in the plankton).
Localización: No disponible.
178
Publicación No.: 317 Old times with the birds: autobiographical (with two portraits) [Viejos
tiempos con las aves: autobiografía (con dos fotografías)] / Towsend, C.H. In: The Condor (ISSN 00105422), v. 29, no. 5, p. 224-232. 1927.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1879.
Publicación No.: 318 Contributions to terrestrial magnetism. No. II [Contribuciones al
magnetismo terrestre. No. II] / Sabine, E. In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
(ISSN 0261-0523), v. 131, p. 11-35. 1841.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2709.
Publicación No.: 319 Darwin's finches [Los pinzones de Darwin] / Lack, D. Bentley House:
Cambridge University Press, 1947. 208 pp.
Probably no book is of such perennial interest to the naturalist as Darwin's Journal of the Voyage of the
Beagle, and in that work no part is more enthralling than Chapter xvii which deals with the Galapagos
Archipelago. The fauna and flora of the different islands show resemblances and differences, both
amongst themselves and when compared to their nearest allies in South America, of a type which played
a big part in convincing Darwin of the truth of the theory of evolution and in indicating some of the
causal factors involved. An important element in the fauna is the Geospizinae, a subfamily of finches
endemic to the Archipelago except for an outlying genus on Cocos Island, 6oo miles to the north-east.
The group, called in the work here reviewed,`Darwin's finches' exhibits all the main peculiarities of
Galapagos biology, subspeciation, adaptive radiation and some apparently non-adaptive evolution. They
are now very well known taxonomically and Mr Lack, by visiting the principal British and American
museums, was able to study well over three thousand specimens of the fourteen species which he
recognizes. Moreover, in the four months which his expedition spent on the islands they were able to
make essential field observations without which the interpretation of the museum data would be very
incomplete, and to establish some of the species alive in a Californian aviary where their failure to
interbreed was confirmed. With these advantages, and after a great deal of hard work, Mr Lack has
brought together an account of island speciation in a limited group of organisms exceeded in bulk,
perhaps, only by Crampton's monumental study of Partula in the Society Islands, but far exceeding that
work in its interest for the general biologist. I may say that even an entomologist found every chapter of
absorbing interest, not least because of the topics for debate which are continually brought forward. An
attempt has been made to divide the work into Part I (Chapters I-II) `Description', and Part 2 (Chapters
12-16) 'Interpretation', but in fact of course there is almost as much interpretation in Part I as in Part 2;
in the classification adopted, for instance, and in the discussion of the beaks and colours of the birds. It
is impossible to collect or arrange scientific data without some theory which automatically introduces an
element of interpretation. The most important new conclusions may be singled out. It is shown, in a
number of examples, that species originally defined by ordinary taxonomic methods do not interbreed.
To feel that the general classification of the group is on the right lines greatly simplifies arguments about
its evolution. It was shown by experiment in several species that the beaks of these birds serve as the
recognition marks which help to prevent cross-pairings. This type of recognition is apparently unusual in
birds, especially in the Fringillidae which more often differ markedly in colour. However, the author
supposes that the beaks were primarily evolved in relation to feeding habits and were only secondarily
used for recognition. The treatment of subspeciation, individual variation and general variability, if not
on entirely new lines, is very thorough, employs the latest statistical methods, and is related to such
topics as size of population, degree of isolation and range of habitats occupied. Probably the most
original contribution and certainly one likely to have a wide application elsewhere is the study of the
effect on a group of allied species of the absence in certain places of one member. Thus Geospiza
conirostris on Hood Island spreads into the habitat occupied on some of the other islands by G.
magnirostris. It shows that whenever this type of spread into a new habitat occurs the local race of the
bird is modified in the direction of the species it has replaced. It is argued that when all the species are
present they are confined by competition to narrower habitats and their beaks, etc., become specialized
for a less varied food supply. It seems that we have here a powerful method for the general study of
natural variation and adaptation. There are many areas where some of a group of allied species are
absent and a great deal could be done in studying the effects on those that remain. Finally, there is
valuable discussion of the character of the faunas of oceanic islands in general and of their method of
evolution. Mr Lack is firmly convinced of the paramount importance of natural selection in the evolution
of species and of the particular formulation of the theory 'that two species which live in the same habitat
must differ in their ecology or one will drive the other out'. Ecology in this sense is almost synonymous
with food habits and it becomes necessary to show, where allied species share one territory, either that
they live in different divisions of the habitat or that their feeding habits are different. Unfortunately
quantitative information as to the food of the Geospizinae, as indeed of all birds, is lamentably deficient
and there seems to be acertain amount of circular argument from beak to food habits and back again. It
is admitted on page 136 that competition for food will only force species to live in separate habitats
when food is a limiting factor for abundance. No evidence is presented that this is so in birds; it clearly is
not the limiting factor for most insects in most years and for most plant-eating insects the difficulty is
rather to explain why they are not more abundant. Surely the whole argument is a great simplification of
extremely complex facts? It depends on simple clear-cut competition in one aspect only of an animal's
life. In practice, with varying local conditions, fluctuating climate and food supply, different species will
alternately have some advantage, and there seems no reason why a number should not co-exist in
unstable equilibrium at a population level well below the maximum possible. A speculative phylogeny for
179
the Geospizinae is provided in Chapter 11. I have the impression that a good deal of it could as well be
read backwards as forwards. In the absence of fossil evidence, or of some other really reliable evidence
as to the main direction of evolution, the tracing of phylogenetics at this level of divergence is scarcely
possible. Mr Lack has intentionallyinterlarded a big body of facts with a spice of theory and I think he
has judged the mixture very well. It is in any case much more difficult than is sometimes supposed to
provide 'pure fact'. But the test of theory is not only its truth (in biology thatusually lies somewhere far
over the horizon) but how far it suggests new unthought-of experiments. On this test Mr Lack's theories
come out reasonably well, but there seems to be a permanent dichotomy between those who find their
zest in the natural selection theory and those who cannot. The problem, for instance, of whether certain
specific characters (e.g. beaks of Geospizinae) are or are not adaptive (vague term) is one involving
studies of field populations, genetics, and variation. It is a problem which might be largely solved by
teams of workers dealing for a number of years with a particularly favourable example. [Book review by
O.W. Richards].
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-27431.
Publicación No.: 320 On some Cenozoic Brachiopoda from the North American region [Sobre
algunos Brachiopoda del Cenozoico de la región norteamericana] / Hatai, K.M. (Tohoku Imperial
University. Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Sendai, JP). In: The American Midland Naturalist
(ISSN 0003-0031), v. 19, no. 3, p. 706-722. 1938.
The Recent and Tertiary Brachiopoda of North America and the West Indies comprise a very interesting
group from the viewpoint of both geographical distribution as recent and as fossil on the one hand, and
localization of fauna on the other. However, it is very unfortunate, that since the appearance of the
works of C. Schuchert in 1897 and that by W. H. Dall in 1920, we have no comprehensive literature by
which we may know the fossil Tertiary and Recent brachiopod-fauna of the North American and West
Indian region, according to present usage of the different genera. S. Nomura and K. Hatai in 1937 and
K. Hatai in 1936 both published accounts of the brachiopods of North America and the latter author of
the West Indian fauna as well. However, since the works by S. Nomura and K. Hatai are confined to only
a few species of the West coast Neogene and of some recent forms from the eastern Pacific, the present
article is hoped to be of some aid in getting a general idea of our present knowledge concerning the
fauna of the stated region. This article is preliminary to one which will appear with the accumulation of
further material. The material now at hand came from Neogene deposits of the western (Pacific) coast of
North America on the one hand and from the recent seas in the region extending from British Columbia
at the north to Lower California at the south, a very small area.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2713.
Publicación No.: 321 New or little known crustaceous corallines of Pacific North America
[Nuevos o poco conocidos crustáceos coralinos del Pacífico de Norteamérica] / Setchell, W.A.; Mason,
L.R. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (ISSN 00278424), v. 29, no. 3/4, p. 92-97. 1943.
Introduction: Since 1895 and even from somewhat earlier, the senior author has been collecting and
studying crustaceous Corallines, especially those from the Indo-Pacific area. Very early many of the
specimens, particularly from the coasts of PacificNorth America, were sent to M. Foslie at Trondhjem,
Norway, the great authority on the groups, and were named and published upon by him. There exists,
therefore, in the Herbarium of the University of California many duplicate types and other authentic
material for the study of Pacific North American species as well as of adjacent areas. The junior author
prepared, as a Ph.D. thesis, a detailed account of the species of the coasts of Pacific North America, with
illustrations, critical notes, as well as ageneral review of the subfamilies, of the genera, and species,
ranging from Bering Straits to Panama. A copy of this thesis is deposited with the Library of the
University of California, where it may be consulted. The work has been continued by both authors and in
the course of some years additional facts and modification of opinion have resulted. The following notes
as to changes of nomenclature, of new species, and other such matters are detailed below.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2750.
Publicación No.: 322 Ecological aspects of the freshwater decapod crustaceans of the Perlas
Archipelago, Panama [Aspectos ecológicos de los crustáceos decápodos de agua dulce del archipiélago
Perlas, Panamá] / Abele, L.G.; Blum, N. (Florida State University. Department of Biological Sciences,
Tallahassee, FL 32306, US). In: Biotropica (ISSN 0006-3606), v. 9, no. 4, p. 239-252. 1977.
Fourteen species of decapod crustaceans occur in temporary and permanent freshwater streams in the
Perlas Archipelago, Panamá. Eight species of shrimps in the Atyidae and Palaemonidae and six species of
crabs in the Grapsidae, Ocypodidae, and Pseudothelphusidae are represented. Island elevation, rather
than area, is the best predictor of species numbers, probably because it is a better indicator of the
potential for stream formation and persistence. Grapsid crabs have the widest distribution, occurring on
the majority of the 11 islands sampled. Small islands are more likely to contain small rather than large
species of shrimps. It is suggested that the decapods, except Potamocarcinus sp., disperse by marine
planktonic larvae. Insular shrimps are significantly smaller and reproduce at a smaller size than
mainland conspecifics. The adaptive significance of small body size may be related to improved chances
for survival during the dry season. Reproduction occurs during the wet season, and fecundity is
significantly and exponentially related to body size in shrimps. Unidentifiable detritus accounted for 48 to
88 percent of the stomach contents among the seven species of decapods examined.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2751.
180
Publicación No.: 323 Studies in the genus Maieta (Melastomataceae) [Estudios en el género
Maieta (Melastomataceae)] / Whiffin, T. (University of Texas. Department of Botany, Austin, TX 78713,
US). In: Brittonia (ISSN 0007-196X), v. 23, no. 3, p. 325-329. 1971.
The intraspecific variation found within Maieta guianensis Aublet is discussed, and a new variety, M.
guianensis Aublet var. leticiana Whiffin, is described. The variation found within M. poeppigii Mart. ex
Triana is compared to that within M. guianensis, and a possible vegetative difference between the two
species is discussed. A key to the taxa is provided.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2770.
Publicación No.: 324 Breaking taboos in the tropics: incest promotes colonization by woodboring beetles [Rompiendo tabúes en los trópicos: el incesto promueve la colonización por abejones
barrenadores de la madera] / Jordal, B.H.; Beaver, R.A.; Kirkendall, L.R. (University of Bergen. Institute
of Zoology, Allègaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, NW <E-mail: bjarte.jordal@zoo.uib.no> <E-mail:
robeaver@loxinfo.co.th> <E-mail: lawrence.kirkendall@zoo.uib.no>). In: Global Ecology and
Biogeography (ISSN 1466-822X), v. 10, no. 4, p. 345-357. 2001.
1 Inbreeding and parthenogenesis are especially frequent in colonizing species of plants and animals,
and inbreeding in wood-boring species in the weevil families Scolytidae and Platypodidae is especially
common on small islands. In order to study the relationship between colonization success, island
attributes and mating system in these beetles, we analysed the relative proportions of inbreeders and
outbreeders for 45 Pacific and Old World tropical islands plus two adjacent mainland sites, and scored
islands for size, distance from nearest source population, and maximum altitude. 2 The numbers of
wood-borer species decreased with decreasing island size, as expected; the degree of isolation and
maximum island altitude had negligible effects on total species numbers. 3 Numbers of outbreeding
species decreased more rapidly with island size than did those of inbreeders. Comparing species with
similar ecology (e.g. ambrosia beetles) showed that this difference was best explained by differential
success in colonization, rather than by differences in resource utilization or sampling biases. This
conclusion was further supported by analyses of data from small islands, which suggested that
outbreeding species have a higher degree of endemism and that inbreeding species are generally more
widespread. 4 Recently established small populations necessarily go through a period of severe
inbreeding, which should affect inbreeding species much less than outbreeding ones. In addition, nongenetic ecological and behavioural ('Allee') effects are also expectedto reduce the success of outbreeding
colonists much more than that of inbreeders: compared with inbreeders, outbreeders are expected to
have slower growth rates, have greater difficulties with mate-location and be vulnerable to random
extinction over a longer period.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2780.
Publicación No.: 325 Contributions to terrestrial magnetism. No. IV [Contribuciones al
magnetismo terrestre. No. IV] / Sabine, E. In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
(ISSN 0261-0523), v. 133, p. 113-143. 1843.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2788.
Publicación No.: 326 Paleoceonography of the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean [Paleoceonografía
del Océano Pacífico tropical oriental] / Grigg, R.W.; Hey, R. (University of Hawaii. Department of
Oceanography, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, US). In: Science (ISSN 0036-8075), v. 255, no.
5041, p. 172-178. 1992.
The East Pacific Barrier (EPB) is the most effective marine barrier to dispersal of tropical shallow-water
fauna in the world today. The fossil record of corals in the eastern Pacific suggests this has been true
throughout the Cenozoic. In the Cretaceous, the EPB was apparently less effective in limiting dispersal.
Equatorial circulation in the Pacific then appears to have been primarily east to west and the existence of
oceanic atolls (now drowned guyots) in the eastern Pacific probably aided dispersal. Similarly, in the
middle and early Mesozoic and late Paleozoic, terranes in the central tropical Pacific likely served as
stepping stones to dispersal of tropical shelf faunas, reducing the isolating effect of an otherwise wider
Pacific Ocean (Panthalassa).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2789.
Publicación No.: 327 Studies on Anthocerotales. III [Estudios sobre Anthocerotales. III] /
Proskauer, J. (University of California. Department of Botany, Berkeley, CA 94720, US). In: Bulletin of
the Torrey Botanical Club (ISSN 0040-9618), v. 78, no. 4, p. 331-349. 1951.
1. Past and present studies on a considerable number of species of the Anthoceros complex suggested
that they fall within two groups. The genus Anthoceros L., emend., comprises the forms with cavities in
the thallus; a new genus, Phaeoceros, those without them. The variation within various characters, and
their possible diagnostic value, are discussed in detail. 2. New diagnoses and taxonomic changes
necessitated by this work are compiled in the concluding section.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2864.
Publicación No.: 328 A phenetic analysis of the Luciliini (Diptera, Calliphoridae) [Análisis
fenético de los Luciliini (Diptera, Calliphoridae)] / Shepard, J.H. (University of California. Division of
Entomology, Berkeley, CA 94720, US). In: Systematic Zoology (ISSN 0039-7989), v. 20, no. 2, p. 223232. 1971.
The generic classification of the Luciliini was re-examined using the methodology of numerical taxonomy.
Fifty-seven characteristics of the group were used to calculate a correlation coefficient matrix. The
181
matrix was clustered by five techniques: unweighted and weighted pair group method using arithmetic
averages, weighted pair group using Spearman's sum of variables, complete linkage, and single linkage.
Examination of the five dendrograms reveals that, except for the cosmopolitan and island species, the
Luciliini segregate well according to geographic groupings. The Hawaiian genus Dyscritomyia was
arranged the same in all dendrograms. Seven species endemic to the Galapagos Islands, Cocos Islands,
Micronesia, or the Philippine Islands were variously placed by the different clustering techniques. The
ability of the various techniques to equally treat a presumedly monophyletic group, the genus
Dyscritomyia, and the inconsistent treatment of other species groups, indicates that the methods of
numerical taxonomy will not provide a better procedure for this tribe. These methods can be employed
as part of the information for a taxonomic system, but not as the sole basis for classification.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2643.
Publicación No.: 329 A brief summary of my ideas on evolution [Un resumen breve acerca de mis
ideas sobre evolución] / Stebbins, G.L. (University of California. Division of Biological Sciences, Section
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Davis, CA 95616, US). In: American Journal of Botany (ISSN 00397989), v. 86, no. 8, p. 1207-1208. 1999.
A brief summary of my current ideas on evolution is presented. Three recent books that represent
important synopses of evolution are considered in the discussion. Differences between plants and
animals that have important implications for evolution in the two groups are discussed. Progress in
understanding plant evolution requires synthetic studies integrating data from many different areas of
research.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2627.
Publicación No.: 330 The eastern, tropical Pacific fishes of the genus Blenniolus, including a
new island endemic [Los peces del Pacífico tropical oriental del género Blenniolus, incluyendo una
endémica de isla] / Krejsa, R.J. (University of British Columbia. Institute of Fisheries, Vancouver, 8, CA).
In: Copeia (ISSN 0045-8511), v. 1960, no. 4, p. 322-336. 1960.
The present study grew out of an attempt to identify the eastern Pacific blenniid material in the Fish
Collection of the Department of Zoology at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). The
collection contained a number of specimens of Blenniolus from the Revillagigedo Islands which appeared
to differ in some respects from the only described species, B. brevipinnis (Günther). A preliminary
comparison revealed that while the mainland and island populations agreed in most meristic
charactersthey differed markedly in color pattern and size. It soon became obvious that the apparent
differences could not be fully evaluated without a consideration of the ontogeny of the color pattern. The
rich collections at UCLA contained good numbers of larvae and adults of both groups. These allowed the
ontogeny of both proportions and color pattern to be determined with confidence. This study indicated
that the latter differ throughout life and that the mainland and Revillagigedo populations are specifically
distinct (Figs. 1-4). In addition, it has been apparent for some time that several enigmatic blenniid
species and genera were based on growth stages of B. brevipinnis and therefore must be synonymized
with that species. In order to document these alterations in blenniid taxonomy, B. brevipinnis is herein
redescribed on the basis of a large number of specimens, representing the various stages of its life
history.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2626.
Publicación No.: 331 Phylogeography of the trumpetfishes (Aulostomus): ring species
complex on a global scale / Bowen, B.W.; Bass, A.L.; Rocha, L.A.; Grant, W.S.; Robertson, D.R.
(University of Florida. Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 7922 NW 71st Street, Gainesville,
FL 32653-3071, US <E-mail: bowen@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu> <E-mail: ross.robertson@stri.org>). In:
Evolution (ISSN 0014-3820), v. 55, no. 5, p. 1029-1039. 2001.
The distribution of circumtropical marine species is limited by continental boundaries, cold temperate
conditions, and oceanic expanses, but some of these barriers are permeable over evolutionary time
scales. Sister taxa that evolved in separate ocean basins can come back into contact, and the
consequences of this renewed sympatry may be a key to understanding evolutionary processes in
marine organisms. The circumtropical trumpetfishes (Aulostomus) include a West Atlantic species (A.
maculatus), an Indian-Pacific species (A. chinensis), and an East Atlantic species (A. strigosus) that may
be the product of a recent invasion from the Indian Ocean. To resolve patterns of divergence and
speciation, we surveyed 480 by of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b in 196 individuals from 16 locations.
Based on a conventional molecular clock of 2% sequence divergence per million years, the deepest
partitions in a neighbor-joining tree (d = 0.063-0.082) are consistent with separation of West Atlantic
and Indian-Pacific species by the Isthmus of Panama, 3-4 million years ago. By the same criteria,
trumpetfish in the East Atlantic were isolated from the Indian Ocean about 2.5 million years ago (d =
0.044-0.054), coincident with the advent of glacial cycles and cold-water upwelling around South Africa.
Continental barriers between tropical oceans have only rarely been surmounted by trumpetfishes, but
oceanic barriers do not appear to be substantial, as indicated by weak population partitioning (? ST =
0.093) in A. chinensis across the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Finally, morphological and mitochondrial
DNA data indicate hybridization of A. strigosus and A. maculatus in Brazil. After 3-4 million years and a
globe-spanning series of vicariant and dispersal events, trumpetfish lineages have come back into
contact in the southwest Atlantic and appear to be merging. This ring species phenomenon may occur in
a broad array of marine organisms, with clear implications for the production and maintenance of
biodiversity in marine ecosystems.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2617.
182
Publicación No.: 332 New observations on the origin of the Galapagos Islands, with remarks
on the geological age of the Pacific Ocean [Nuevas observaciones sobre el origen de las Islas
Galápagos, con apuntes sobre la edad geológica del Océano Pacífico] / Baur, G. In: The American
Naturalist (ISSN 0003-0147), v. 31, no 368, p. 661-680. 1897.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2871.
Publicación No.: 333 A note on some species of marine mollusks occurring in both Polynesia
and the Western Americas [Un apunte sobre algunas especies de moluscos marinos presentes en la
Polinesia y las Américas occidentales] / Hertlein, L.G. (California Academy of Sciences. Department of
Paleontology, San Francisco, CA 94118, US). In: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
(ISSN 0003-049X), v. 78, no. 2, p. 303-312. 1937.
This paper contains a brief discussion of similarities and possible means of migration observed in the
molluscan fauna of the Indo-Pacific region and the western Americas and their offshore islands. A map is
included showing the general relations of the land masses and islands. A list of species from the eastern
Pacific is given containing some species which are identical and others which are analogous to those in
the Indo-Pacific. It is pointed out that in the species herein cited the Gastropoda are more common than
the Pelecypoda.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2839.
Publicación No.: 334 Animal C/C correlates with trophic level in pelagic food webs / Rau, G.H.;
Mearns, A.J.; Young, D.R.; Oson, R.J.; Shafer, H.A.; Kaplan, I.R. (NASA-Ames Research Center, MS
239-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, US). In: Ecology (ISSN 0012-9658), v. 64, no. 5, p. 1314-1318. 1983.
Introduction: Ecologists have long been interested in the feeding relationships, the nutrient and energy
pathways, within animal communities (Odum 1968). Such relationships among animal consumers can be
of more than academic interest from the point of view of harvesting, managing, and protecting species
of importance to man (e.g., Ryther 1969, Odum 1971, Steele 1974, Whittaker 1975, Beddington and
May 1982, among others). However, the consumer pathways nutritionally linking an animal to a
community's food base and the subsequent role played by that animal in the diet of higher consumers
(in sum the trophic status of that animal) are often difficult to evaluate. Direct observation of feeding
behavior can be logistically impractical, and indirect methods such as analysis of gut contents or feces
can be less than satisfactory. In an attempt to explore other ways of discerning trophic status, we
elected to measure stable carbon isotope natural abundance in a variety of marine animals spanning a
known range of feeding behaviors within certain geographic regions. While it has been shown that the
13C/12C of animal tissue closely resembles the 13C/12C of the animal's diet, a small but significant
elevation in animal 13C/12C relative to the 13C/12C of available food has generally been observed
(DeNiro and Epstein 1978, Haines and Montague 1979, McConnaughey and McRoy 1979a, b, Petelle et
al. 1979, Teen and Schoeller 1979, Rau 1980, Rau and Anderson 1981, Rau et al. 1981). Therefore, if a
community of several animal species existed such that one species was the sole food source, or prey, for
a second species, and this second species was the sole prey of a third species, and so on, a progressive
increase in animal 13C/12C would be expected, paralleling the ascent to higher trophic levels. In nature,
the feeding behavior and thus the trophic structure within animal communities has usually proven to be
more diverse and complex than the preceding "food chain" model (numerous examples cited by Cohen
1978 andPimm 1982). Still, McConnaughey and McRoy (1979a, b) reported systematic increases in
animal 13C/12C as a function of assumed trophic level within several marine communities. Our objective
was to analyze a single tissue type (muscle) from pelagic macrofauna of discernible trophic status within
given ocean provinces, thus better establishing the relationship between an animal's trophic level and
the stable carbon isotope abundance in its biomass.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2880.
Publicación No.: 335 Mosses of interior British Guiana [Musgos del interior de la Guyana Británica]
/ Bartram, E.B. In: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club (ISSN 0040-9618), v. 66, no. 4, p. 221-230.
1939.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2881.
Publicación No.: 336 Race with extinction: herpetological notes of J.R. Slevin's journey to the
Galapagos 1905-1906 [Carrera con la extinción: apuntes herpetológicos del viaje de J.R. Slevin a las
Galápagos 1905-1906] / Fritts, T.H, (ed.).; Fritts, P.R, (ed.). (University of New Mexico. Museum of
Southwestern Biology, Albuquerque, NM 87131, US). In: Herpetological Monographs (ISSN 0733-1347),
v. 1, p. 1-98. 1982.
J.R. Slevin visited, and collected in Cocos Island in September 3-13, 1905 en route to the Galapagos.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2883.
Publicación No.: 337 Isolation, endemism, and multiplication of species in the Darwin finches
[Aislamiento, endemismo y multiplicación de especies en los pinzones de Darwin] / Hamilton, T.H.;
Rubinoff, I. (The University of Texas at Austin. Department of Zoology, Austin, TX 78712, US). In:
Evolution (ISSN 0014-3820), v. 17, no. 4, p. 388-403. 1963.
1. Directing attention to the inverse association between insular numbers of species and endemic
subspecies, the problem of the factors governing insular increases in these numbers is outlined for the
Darwin finches in the Galápagos Archipelago. By the method of least squares, partial-regression
coefficients and multiple-regression equations are calculated for four factors which conceivably might
183
control insular variations in these numbers. Factors evaluated for their independent or interdependent
predictive powers are: (a) insular area, (b) floristic diversity as measured by numbers of land plant
species, (c) isolation as measured by distance between nearest islands, and (d) isolation as measured by
distance from Indefatigable Island, located near the center of the archipelago. 2. Insular area and
insular number of land plant species are found to account (p.r.c. values = 0) for none of the variation in
insular numbers of species or endemic subspecies, and geographic isolation seems an factor accounting
for such variations. The first observation is surprising; however, numbers of plant species may be a poor
index to floristic diversity. About the lack of influence of area, little can be said. The influence of insular
area may be different for a monophyletic assemblage than for the total insular fauna of an archipelago.
3. For prediction of insular numbers of endemic subspecies, only geographic isolation (p.r.c. = +0.09) as
measured by distance between nearest neighboring islands is of major value. An analysis of variance
indicates that variation in this factor may be considered to account positively, and independently of the
other factors tested, for the majority of the variation in insular numbers of endemic subspecies. This
confirms Lack's conclusion (1947) and negates Bowman's differing conclusion (1961), that the more
isolated islands tend to produce more endemics than the less isolated ones. The multiple-regression
equation for predicting the number of geospizid endemic subspecies on a given island is 0.09 times the
distance from nearest neighboring island minus 0.2. 4. Variation in insular numbers of species is
negatively accounted for by variation in geographic isolation (p.r.c. =-0.10) as measured by distance
between nearest adjacent islands and, independently of the preceding, by geographic isolation (p.r.c. =0.02) as measured by distance from Indefatigable Island. The equation predicting numbers of geospizid
species for a given island is 9.8 minus 0.10 times the distances from nearest neighboring island minus
0.02 times the distance from Indefatigable. The two measures of geographic isolation leave unexplained
a good-sized part of the variation in insular numbers of species, and this is provisionally attributed either
to error in a statistical sense or to unknown factors not considered by this analysis. 5. The findings
demonstrate the fundamental importance of geographic isolation as a factor which regulates endemism
and, to a lesser degree, variations in the size of insular faunae for a presumably monophyletic bird group
radiating within an isolated archipelago. Multiple-regression analysis reveals that isolation, measured as
linear distance between nearest islands, is the environmental factor which predicts best the empirical
observation that the inner islands of the Galápagos Archipelago tend to have more species and fewer
endemics, while the outer islands tend to have fewer species but more endemics. The classic explanation
for the observation would be that conditions for formation of endemics are unfavorable in the inner
islands of the archipelago because of increased dispersal and colonization, interbreeding, and swamping,
permitted by the decreased isolation of the islands. 6. If the explanation cited is valid, then thespecies of
the Darwin finches are expected, for the most part, to have their respective origins in the peripheral, or
noncentral, islands where reduced swamping would not retard incipient speciation. This hints at the
possibility of an adaptive radiationcycle for the Geospizinae: that is, the species originate mostly in the
peripheral, more isolated islands, and then disperse to the inner, less isolated islands. Here, where
insular sympatry and environmental diversity are maximal, species divergences and specializations
might achieve their final manifestations, either in response to related species or to particular insular
environments. During the early stages of the cycle, individuals are expected to disperse repeatedly from
inner to outer islands, and vice versa. The cycle might thus continue until the outer islands have reached
ecological saturation for numbers of species. 7. On general theoretical grounds, it is assumed that, other
things equal, opportunity for formation of endemics or incipient species is predicted by a Gaussian
distribution for geographic isolation measured by the linear distance between nearest islands, and that
opportunity for colonization by dispersors is predicted by such distances varying according to a Poisson
distribution. The present analysis of the Darwin finches seems to support this theory, which is not new
but classic. Thus, for multiplication of species and the development of endemics, the quantitative
differences in geographic isolation assume an importance for individual isolates and species
complementing that of the importance of geographical isolation per se.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2884.
Publicación No.: 338 Crystallographic data for echinoid coronal plates [Datos cristalográficos de
las placas coronales de los echinoides] / Raup, D.M. (The University of Rochester. Department of Earth &
Environmental Sciences, 227 Hutchison Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, US). In: Journal of Paleontology
(ISSN 0022-3360), v. 40, no. 3, p. 555-568. 1966.
Crystal orientation data for ambulacral and interambulacral plates of 135 fossil and Recent species are
presented. This brings the total number of species with known coronal plate crystallography to 252. The
new sample is dominated by species that have either perpendicular, tangential, or a combination of
perpendicular and tangential c-axes in the coronal plates. Seventeen species in six families, however,
exhibit ontogenetic variation in crystal orientation. Ontogenetic variation in the Arbaciidae and
Toxopneustidae is distinct from that in the Echinometridae, Strongylocentrotidae, Conulidae, and
Oligopygidae. The new data support the placement of the Oligopygidae in the order Holectypoida (as
suggested by Durham & Melville, 1957) but raise questions as to the oligopygid affinities of the genus
Haimea. The family Arbaciidae is extremely heterogeneous crystallographically; the data suggest that
the family is polyphyletic. Variation in arbaciid crystallography is in good agreement with Mortensen's
informal division of the family into five "groups".
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2885.
Publicación No.: 339 Plate tectocnics and the biogeography of the Cypraeidae (Mollusca:
Gastropoda) [El tectonismo de las placas y la biogeografía de los Cypraeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda)] /
Foin, T.C. (University of California. Division of Environmental Studies, Davis, CA 95616, US). In: Journal
of Biogeography (ISSN 0305-0270), v. 3, no. 1, p. 19-34. 1976.
184
The distribution of living species of the Cypraeidae (Mollusca. Gastropoda) features two centres of
species richness, one in the Western Pacific and the other in the west central Indian Ocean. Species
richness declines from these two areas. By formulating a quantitative index of decrements in species
richness from one biogeographic province to another, it is possible to test the effects of plate tectonics
on the distribution of cypraeid species. Using a model developed by Valentine (1971). the data reveal
significantly different biogeographic consequences of plate tectonic elements (ridges and subduction
zones; F = 16.04, P0.005). The distribution of regional endemics and widespread species are consistent
with this result. These data can also be used to infer the direction of migration from region to region.
The distribution of-higher levels of organization (tribes and sub-families) suggests that earlier lineages of
the Cypraeidae dispersed through the Tethys corridor while more recent ones radiated widely in the
IndoPacific after the suturing of Africa and Eurasia. Thus, the effects of plate tectonics appear to be a
major influence on the biogeography of the Cypraeidae. These data are compared to others in the
literature, and some implications of them are discussed.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2886.
Publicación No.: 340 Development and evolution of fern floras of oceanic islands [Desarrollo y
evolución de las floras de helechos de islas oceánicas] / Tryon, R. (Harvard University. The Gray
Herbarium, Cambridge, MA 02138, US). In: Biotropica (ISSN 0006-3606), v. 2, no. 2, p. 76-84. 1970.
Ferns are especially useful for the study of certain biogeographic problems of migration and speciation
because the species have a high and nearly equivalent capacity for spore dispersal by air transport.
Dispersal can bring spores of many species toan island from a source area; the ones that become
established are not a random assortment of the source species. Island floras have a major element of
widely distributed source area species, although these are a minor element in the source area. The
endemics on islands are mostly related to narrowly distributed source species, although these are a
minor element in the island flora. In an archipelago the endemics are nearly always related to source
species rather than to other species of the insular flora. Establishment of a species on an island is an
individual, rather than a population, phenomenon because dispersal cannot bring the variability of a
source population to the island. Adaptability of the genotype-phenotype of the single spore to a new
environment and sensitivity to selection are characteristics that dominate success in migration and
evolutionary potential under geographic isolation. Widely and narrowly distributed source species differ
in these characteristics, and these differences account for the relative proportions of the two source
groups in the insular flora and their relations to insular endemics. Re-immigration can maintain geneflow between islands and is a deterrent to the evolution of species-flocks in an archipelago.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: B. NBINA-2838.
Publicación No.: 341 Notes on distribution, behavior, and morphological variation in some
chaenopsid fishes from the tropical Eastern Pacific, with descriptions of two new species,
Acanthemblemaria castroi and Coralliozetus springeri [Apuntes sobre la distribución,
comportamiento y variación morfológica en algunos peces chaenópsidos del Pacífico oriental tropical, con
descripciones de dos especies nuevas, Acanthemblemaria castroi y Coralliozetus springeri] / Stephens,
J.S., Jr.; Hobson, E.S.; Johnson, R.K. (Occidental College. Department of Biology, 1600 Campus Road,
Los Angeles, CA 90041, US). In: Copeia (ISSN 0045-8511), v. 1966, p. no. 3. 1966.
A new member of the "hancocki" species complex, Acanthemblemaria castroi, is described from the
Galapagos Islands. A new species, Coralliozetus springeri, is described from the Pacific coast of Panama,
forming a geminate pair with C. cardonae from the Caribbean Sea. The description of the latter species
is supplemented as is that of Chaenopsis schmitti Böhlke. The ranges of three species are extended:
Coralliozetus boehlkei Stephens to Cocos Island, Coralliozetus angelica (Böhlke and Mead) to Socorro
Island, the Revillagigedos, and Acanthemblemaria balanorum Brock to Bahia Piñas, Panama. Meristic
variation with latitude, size reduction in the Cocos Island population, and reproductive behavior are
described for Acanthemblemaria macrospilus Brock.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2836.
Publicación No.: 342 Morphological and phylogenetic relations among the Darwin´s finches
[Relaciones morfológicas y filogenéticas entre los pinzones de Darwin] / Schluter, D. (University of
British Columbia. Department of Zoology, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 2A9, CA). In: Evolution (ISSN 00143820), v. 38, no. 5, p. 921-930. 1984.
A new measure of morphological distance is used to estimate morphological and phylogenetic relations
among the Darwin's finches. The measure, B, is based on a model for multivariate evolution (Lande,
1979), and it estimates the total net force of directional selection acting on characters that is required to
bridge the differences between any two species. This force depends on the amount of genetic variance in
traits, and on genetic correlations between traits. "Selection distance" between species is shown to be
correlated with biochemical distance, and the method produces a phylogenetic tree similar to the one
originally suggested by Lack (1947). The results indicate that, in addition to natural selection, genetic
parameters have strongly influenced the direction and rate of morphological divergence in the Darwin's
finches.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2887.
Publicación No.: 343 A new perspective on the evolutionary history of Darwin's finches [Una
nueva visión sobre la historia evolutiva de los pinzones de Darwin] / Zink, R.M. (University of Minnesota.
Bell Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, St. Paul, MN 55108,
US <E-mail: rzink@biosci.umn.edu>). In: The Auk (ISSN 0004-8038), v. 119, no. 3, p. 864-871. 2002.
185
The 13 species of finches found on the Galapagos Islands, and the one species from Cocos Island,
together collectively known as Darwin's finches, are one of the better-studied groups of birds. Much has
been learned about their ecology, behavior, and the short-term effects of natural selection (Lack 1947,
Bowman 1961, Grant 1999). The four species of tree finch (Camarhynchus), six species of ground finch
(Geospiza), the tool-using Woodpecker Finch (Cactospiza pallida), the Vegetarian Finch (Platyspiza
crassirostris), the Warbler Finch (Certhidea olivacea), and the finch on Cocos Island (Pinaroloxias
inornata) appear to fill different ecological roles via differentiation of bill size and shape (Grant and Grant
2002). In fact, most authors consider Darwin's finches to be a classic example of an adaptive radiation,
owing to the great diversity in bill form and ecological habit that presumably evolved in a relatively short
time. For example, Petren et al. (1999:321) noted, "Species in this group show adaptive variation in
beak size, beak shape and body size that is more typical of differences among [taxonomic] families of
birds..." (boldface added). Darwin originally collected the finches from the Galapagos, not realizing what
an evolutionary gold mine they would become (Sulloway 1982). In fact, he was not careful about
labeling specimens as to the island from which a specimen was obtained, thus obscuring taxonomic
boundaries. Subsequent work with better-labeled specimens revealed taxonomically significant patterns
of variation. Gould (1837) recognized that different species existed in the collections from the Darwin
expedition. However, Gould was unable to produce a stable classification. Since Gould's time, many of
the major figures in avian taxonomy have published differing classifications. The succession of
revisionary efforts attests to the difficult nature of classifying phenotypic variation among the finches.
Although the species show considerable morphological diversity, many in fact are notoriously difficult to
identify in the field (especially females and immatures). Populations from different species and islands
overlap in morphometric space (Grant 1981). Not surprisingly, there has been considerable controversy
over specific and especially generic limits. For example, a series of specimens from James Island was
consecutively classified as Cactornis hypoleuca (Ridgway 1890), Camarhynchus pallidus (Ridgway 1896),
Geospiza pallidus (Rothschild and Hartert 1899, Sharpe 1909), Cactospiza pallida pallida (Swarth 1931,
Hellmayr 1938, Lack 1945), and Camarhynchus pallidus pallidus (Lack 1969, Paynter 1970). Of the total
of 67 taxonomic names proposed at the species or subspecies level, 32 survived in Paynter's (1970)
widely used list, with recent authors recognizing 14 species. Attempts at a Finch Phylogeny: Such
taxonomic flux portends a complex evolutionary history and a concomitant difficulty in arriving at a
definitive phylogenetic hypothesis. Lack (1947) constructed a now famous "tree"(see fig. 2 in Grant and
Grant 2002) that was based on his understanding of the bird's morphology and ecology. An allozyme
analysis by Yang and Patton (1981) produced two somewhat conflicting genetic distance trees;
reanalysis by Stern and Grant (1996) yielded no substantive changes. Application of quantitative genetic
techniques yielded another tree (Schluter 1984). Those studies, based on traditional morphological
features or distance analyses, did not yield trees that would be considered robust phylogenetic
hypotheses by today's standards.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2899.
Publicación No.: 344 Phylogenetic relationships and morphological diversity in Darwin's
finches and their relatives [Relaciones filogenéticas y diversidad morfológica en los pinzones de
Darwin y sus parientes] / Burns, K.J.; Hackett, S.J.; Klein, N.K. (San Diego State University. Department
of Biology, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, US <E-mail: kburns@sunstroke.sdsu.edu> <E-mail:
nklein@amnh.org>). In: Evolution (ISSN 0014-3820), v. 56, no. 6, p. 1240-1252. 2002.
Despite the importance of Darwin's finches to the development of evolutionary theory, the origin of the
group has only recently been examined using a rigorous, phylogenetic methodology that includes many
potential outgroups. Knowing the evolutionary relationships of Darwin's finches to other birds is
important for understanding the context from which this adaptive radiation arose. Here we show that
analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence data from the cytochrome b gene confirm that Darwin's finches
are monophyletic. In addition, many taxa previously proposed as the sister taxon to Darwin's finches can
be excluded as their closest living relative. Darwin's finches are part of a well-supported monophyletic
group of species, all of which build a domed nest. All but two of the non-Darwin's finches included in this
clade occur on Caribbean islands and most are Caribbean endemics. These close relatives of Darwin's
finches show a diversity of bill types and feeding behaviors similar to that observed amongDarwin's
finches themselves. Recent studies have shown that adaptive evolution in Darwin's finches occurred
relatively quickly. Our data show that among the relatives of Darwin's finches, the evolution of bill
diversity was also rapid and extensive.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2900.
Publicación No.: 345 Morphological shifts in island-dwelling birds: the roles of generalist
foraging and niche expansion [Cambios morfológicos en aves habitantes de islas: los papeles de los
forrajeadores generalistas y la ampliación del nicho] / Scott, S.N.; Clegg, S.M.; Blomberg, S.P.;
Kikkawa, J.; Owens, I.P.F. (University of Queensland. Department of Zoology and Entomology, St Lucia,
Queensland 4072, AU <E-mail: i.owens@imperial.ac.uk>). In: Evolution (ISSN 0014-3820), v. 57, no.
9, p. 2147-2156. 2003.
Passerine birds living on islands are usually larger than their mainland counterparts, in terms of both
body size and bill size. One explanation for this island rule is that shifts in morphology are an adaptation
to facilitate ecological niche expansion. In insular passerines, for instance, increased bill size may
facilitate generalist foraging because it allows access to a broader range of feeding niches. Here we use
morphologically and ecologically divergent races of white-eyes (Zosteropidae) to test three predictions of
this explanation: (1) island populations show a wider feeding niche than mainland populations; (2)
island-dwelling populations are made up of individual generalists; and (3) within insular populations
there is a positive association between size and degree of foraging generalism. Our results provide only
186
partial support for the traditional explanation. In agreement with the core prediction, island populations
of white-eye do consistently display a wider feeding niche than comparative mainland populations.
However, observations of individually marked birds reveal that island-dwelling individuals are actually
more specialized than expected by chance. Additionally, neither large body size nor large bill size are
associated with generalist foraging behavior per se. These latter results remained consistent whether we
base our tests on natural foraging behavior or on observations at an experimental tree, and whether we
use data from single or multiple cohorts. Taken together, our results suggest that generalist foraging
and niche expansion are not the full explanation for morphological shifts in island-dwelling white-eyes.
Hence, we review briefly five alternative explanations for morphological divergence in insular
populations: environmental determination of morphology, reduced predation pressure, physiological
optimization, limited dispersal, and intraspecific dominance.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2901.
Publicación No.: 346 What Darwin's finches can teach us about the evolutionary origin and
regulation of biodiversity [Lo que pueden enseñarnos los pinzones de Darwin sobre el origen
evolutivo y regulación de la biodiversidad] / Grant, B.R.; Grant, P.R. (Princeton University. Department
of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton, N.J. 08544-1003, US <E-mail: rgrant@princeton.edu>
<E-mail: prgrant@princeton.edu>). In: BioScience (ISSN 0006-3568), v. 53, no. 10, p. 965-975. 2003.
Darwin's finches on the Galápagos Islands are particularly suitable for asking evolutionary questions
about adaptation and the multiplication of species: how these processes happen and how to interpret
them. All 14 species of Darwin's finches are closely related, having been derived from a common
ancestor 2 million to 3 million years ago. They live in the environment in which they evolved, and none
has become extinct as a result of human activity. Key factors in their evolutionary diversification are
environmental change, natural selection, and cultural evolution. A long-term study of finch populations
on the island of Daphne Major has revealed that evolution occurs by natural selection when the finches'
food supply changes during droughts. Extending this finding to the past, we discuss how environmental
change has influenced the opportunities for speciation and diversification of finches throughout their
history: The number of islands has increased, the climate has cooled, and the vegetation and food
supply have changed.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2902.
Publicación No.: 347 Catalog of recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology,
American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, Part 2 (Class Gastropoda [exclusive of
Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opistobranchia], and
Bivalvia) [Catálogo de los especímenes tipo recientes en la División de Zoología de Invertebrados,
Museo Americano de Historia Natural. V. Mollusca, Parte 2 (Clase Gastropoda [exclusivo de
Opisthobranchia y Pulmonata], con suplementos a Gastropoda [Opistobranchia] y Bivalvia)] / Boyko,
C.B.; Cordeiro, J.R. (American Museum of Natural History. Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Central Park
W & 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, US <E-mail: cboyko@amnh.org>). In: Bulletin of the American
Museum of Natural History (ISSN 0003-0090), no. 262, p. 1-170. 2001.
A complete, annotated listing of all primary and secondary type specimens of gastropod mollusks
(exclusive of opisthobranchs and pulmonates) in the collection of the Division of Invertebrate Zoology at
the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) (as of December 31, 1999) is presented.
Supplementary listings for bivalves and opisthobranch gastropods (previously covered in Part 1) are also
given. This catalog includes 1309 type lots, 18 lectotype designations, and illustrations for 12 previously
inadequately illustrated type specimens and five species never before illustrated. New synonymy
information is given for nine species, one species is shown to be a valid name, one new replacement
name is introduced, and one neotype is suppressed with rediscovery of type material. An appendix of
AMNH specimens previously incorrectly cited as types is also given. An index of genera and species is
included for each class and subclass.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2903.
Publicación No.: 348 Evolutionary significance of resource polymorphisms in fishes,
amphibians, and birds [Significado evolutivo de los recursos de polimorfismo en peces, anfibios y
aves] / Smith, T.B.; Skúlason, S. (San Francisco State University. Department of Biology, 1600 Holloway
Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, US). In: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics (ISSN 00664162), v. 27, p. 111-133. 1996.
Resource polymorphism in vertebrates is generally underappreciated as a diversifying force and is
probably more common than is currently recognized. Research across diverse taxa suggest they may
play important roles in population divergence and speciation. They may involve various kinds of traits,
including morphological and behavioral traits and those related to life history. Many of the evolutionary,
ecological, and genetic mechanisms producing and maintaining resource polymorphisms are similar
among phylogenetically distinct species. Although further studies are needed, the genetic basis may be
simple, in some cases under the control of a single locus, with phenotypic plasticity playing a proximate
role in some taxa. Divergent selection including either directional, disruptive, or frequency-dependent
selection is important in their evolution. Generally, the invasion of "open" niches or underutilized
resources requiring unique trophic characters and decreased interspecific competition have promoted the
evolution of resource polymorphisms. Further investigations centered on their role in speciation,
especially adaptive radiation, are likely to be fruitful.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2904.
187
Publicación No.: 349 A contribution to the bryology of Haiti [Contribución a la briología de Haití] /
Crum, H.; Steere, W.C. (National Museum of Canada. Botany Department, Ottawa, CA). In: The
American Midland Naturalist (ISSN 0003-001), v. 60, no. 1, p. 1-51. 1958.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2906.
Publicación No.: 350 La isla del Coco: entre realidad y leyenda / Rodríguez, J. In: Herencia (Costa
Rica) (ISSN 1659-0066), v. 14, no. 2, p. 11-16. 2002.
Para quienes soñaron con leyendas y aventuras épicas, la Isla del Coco recobró, en las postrimerías del
siglo XIX su atención; esto obedece, en parte, a los relatos de una novela infantil del escritor británico
Robert Louis Stevenson, conocida como LA ISLA DEL TESORO, publicada en 1881. La obra desarrolla su
trama en una remota isla del océano Pacífico, en Suramérica. El narrador argumenta, a partir de ciertas
divagaciones, lo siguiente: ".. me han solicitado que escriba todos los detalles referentes a la Isla del
Tesoro, de principio a fin, sin omitir otra cosa que la localización de la isla, por cuanto aun quedan allí
tesoros por desenterrar, tomo la pluma en el año de gracia de 17... y regreso a la época... " (Stevenson,
1998:11). No obstante, podríamos ubicarnos en otros sitios -además de Coco- como en la isla de Pascua
o Juan Fernández pertenecientes a Chile y a Galápagos, propiedad del Ecuador. Mucha imaginación
navegó por esas mentes infantiles y ambiciosas a la vez. Situada en el Océano Pacífico, a unos 535 km
del puerto de Puntarenas, en Costa Rica y con dirección suroeste.. Con una localización geográfica,
según latitud norte, de 5°30' y 5°33' y longitud oeste de 87°03' y 87°06', la Isla del Coco, comprende
una extensión de 24 km² en su porción terrestre y de 972,35 en su sección marina (FUNDEVI, PROAMBI,
ICT y SPN, 1995). Fue declarada por la UNESCO Patrimonio Natural de la Humanidad, en 1997, y
humedal con importancia internacional en virtud de la Convención Ramsar de 1998. Entre sus
peculiaridades destaca el hecho de ser la única elevación del relieve submarino hallada en la Placa del
Coco que sobresale de la cadena volcánica extendida desde el archipiélago de las Galápagos hasta la
Fosa Mesoamericana, al oeste del Istmo de Centroamérica (Geoistmo, 1988). En lo referente a la
situación político-administrativa, es propiedad de Costa Rica y, según la Constitución Política, reformada
y vigente desde 1949: "La Isla del Coco situada en el Océano Pacífico, forma parte del territorio
nacional... ". Es, en su artículo quinto que, por primera vez y de forma explícita, se indica su importancia
territorial, aun cuando se tenga noticia de que, en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, ya había sido
reclamada por autoridades costarricenses. (Arias Sánchez, 1997). Aunque hasta el presente, no se
tengan evidencias arqueológicas que den fe del poblamiento de esta isla por parte de grupo indígena
alguno, desde el siglo XVI se tienen referencias de la presencia humana en esta ínsula. Más tarde, se
llamaría Isla del Coco y sobre todo por el paso ocasional de tripulantes de navíos castellanos e ingleses
que se aventuraban a través del océano Pacífico, para circunvalar costas americanas. (Quesada Monge,
1998). Asimismo, en viejos mapas de principios del siglo XVII, el célebre cosmógrafo flamenco Gerard
Mercator, en sus cartas para la navegación marítima, Atlas Minor, establecería, con certeza, la ubicación
de la Isla, pero bajo el nombre de Santa Cruz (Arias Sánchez, 1997). Dentro del juego de intereses de
algunas potencias europeas con capacidad naval para recorrer territorios de ultramar, lejos de sus
centros de poder (reinos), la cartografía fue una herramienta estratégica; por ello, no nos sorprende que
Coco aparezca desde ese período en tales documentos. Además, por su proximidad con el archipiélago
de las Galápagos -a unas 320 millas náuticas- se convirtió en punto de referencia para navegantes.
Posteriormente, Galápagos sería un sitio importante, en especial, debido a la presencia del naturalista
inglés Charles Darwin, quien replanteó a partir de sus investigaciones en el sitio, las teorías acerca del
origen de las especies y su evolución natural. Por otra parte, se afirma que, entre los años 1680 y 1725,
se desarrolló la edad de oro de la piratería (National Geographic, 1999: 64), por tanto, las aguas del
Caribe y el Atlántico americano formarían parte de esta situación histórica que también operó para otros
mares del mundo conocidos hasta ese momento. No es de extrañar que galeones, con cargamentos muy
valiosos de la Corona Castellana en América -sobre todo en el Caribe-, fueran flanco constante del
ataque de corsarios y piratas, entre ellos, ingleses, holandeses y franceses (Solórzano Fonseca, 1993).
Esta conflictiva realidad, aunque con sus respectivas variantes y, en menor escala, va a escenificarse en
el Pacífico. Para los siglos XVII y XVIII, los ingleses comenzarían a tener una participación significativa
en estos mares; ya por el año 1683, el famoso navegante James Cook estuvo en Coco. Estas travesías,
como es de esperar, tocarían otros puntos de la geografía americana, como parte de expediciones que
duraban meses y hasta años. Con base en lo anterior, se sabe que los británicos tenían en el Caribe
control sobre Jamaica, después lo harían sobre Belice (Quesada Monge, 1998) y, periódicamente, sobre
las islas de la Bahía (Honduras) y la Mosquitia en Nicaragua. Ello les permitió establecer una creciente
actividad comercial y de intercambio de productos, ya fuera legal o ilegalmente, con áreas
jurisdiccionales de las provincias adscritas al Reino de Guatemala u otras capitanías y virreinatos
(Haring, 1972); (Parry, 1979). Durante el período colonial hispanoamericano, es decir, entre los siglos
XVI hasta el XIX, la Audiencia de Lima, centro del Virreinato del Perú, ubicada en la Cordillera de Los
Andes y emplazada hacia el litoral Pacífico, fue la más próspera. Esta se transformó en bastión de
resistencia real contra los propósitos de los criollos (Skidmore and Smith, 1992:185-189). De sus
suntuosas catedrales barrocas -según relatos- fueron robados gran cantidad de objetos sagrados para
luego ser embarcados con destino incierto. Los saqueadores pactaban con sus patrocinadores en la
distribución de los botines, aunque en ocasiones se arrepentían y cambiaban los rumbos de sus naves y
cargamentos. Al calor de estos oscuros acontecimientos, va a desarrollarse el supuesto robo de unos
tesoros sagrados en la ciudad de Lima, que serían más tarde enterrados en la Isla del Coco por un pirata
llamado Morgan. No obstante y para desencanto de los amigos de fábulas, se afirma que el enigmático
pirata, a quien se le endosa la aventura, nunca estuvo en la Isla (Weston, 1990). Entre realidades y
leyendas, Coco vio llegar a sus costas, buscadores de tesoros espectaculares; de esta forma, a finales
del siglo XIX y-gran parte del XX, los ávidos de riquezas llegaron al sitio, sin aparente saldo favorable,
188
según algunos entendidos en el asunto. Para terminar, es importante señalar que, en 1995, el Gobierno
de la República de Costa Rica, por medio del Decreto Ejecutivo N° 23461, prohibió las expediciones con
tales propósitos, para desaliento de los lectores que, alguna vez, hubieran albergado esta idea en su
mente.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S10512.
Publicación No.: 351 Isla del Coco, relato de una visita hecha en 1836 por el Dr. John Coulter /
León-Arguedas, J. In: Revista del Archivo Nacional (ISSN 1409-0279), v. 60, no. 1/12, p. 67-79. 1996.
Presentación: El Dr. John Coulter, médico de un ballenero que operaba en el Pacífico en la primera mitad
del siglo XIX, visitó varias veces la Isla del Coco. El relato siguiente corresponde a su tercer visita,
alrededor de 1836 y fue publicado en: Adventures on the West Coast of South America and the interior
of California, by John Coulter 2 vols. Londres: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. 1847. Está
contenido en el tomo primero, capítulos IX-XI, p.92-126. Es de interés especial por contener una versión
fehaciente de la existencia de un lago en el interior de la isla, cuya presencia se sospechaba desde los
relatos de Wafer y por la magnífica descripción de una cacería de ballenas en la cercanía de la isla. La
razón de la visita se explica al final del Capítulo VIII, p.91: "El agua dulce que habíamos conseguido en
Tacames no era de buena calidad ni se conservaba bien, y por eso, con el objeto de conseguir agua más
pura, nos dirigimos a la Isla del Coco, que está a 5°30', lat. N. y 86°30', long. O . El nombre "Tacames"
corresponde a Atacames, puerto pequeño en el norte de Ecuador.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S10513.
Publicación No.: 352 Revision of Canavalia [Revisión de Canavalia] / Sauer, J. (University of
Wisconsin at Madison. Departments of Botany and Geography, 546 Russell Lab., 1630 Linden Drive,
Madison, WI 53706, US <E-mail: jeanne@entomology.wisc.edu>). In: Brittonia (ISSN 0007-196X), v.
16, no. 2, p. 106-181. 1964.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2905.
Publicación No.: 353 Surface nitrogenous nutrients and phytoplankton in the Northeastern
tropical Pacific Ocean [Nutrimentos superficiales nitrogenados y fitoplancton en el Océano Pacífico
nororiental tropical] / Thomas, W.H. (University of California at San Diego. Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, Institute of Marine Resources, La Jolla, CA 92093-0208, US). In: Limnology and
Oceanography (ISSN 0024-3590), v. 11, no. 3, p. 393-400. 1966.
Mean surface concentrations of nitrogenous nutrients and phosphate are reported for various areas in
the northeastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Except at the Costa Rica Dome, an area of upwelling, nitrate
concentrations were very low. NO3- : PO4- ratios were also generally low and phytoplankton might
remove all of the nitrate while appreciable concentrations of phosphate were still present. Measurements
of nitrate during growth of batch cultures of Gymnodinium simplex showed that concentrations below
approximately 5 µg-at./ liter probably limited the rate of growth of this dinoflagellate. Since surface
nitrate concentrations were generally lower than this value, the rate of growth of G. simplex would be
limited over much of the area, unless sources of nitrogen other than nitrate were available. Ammonia
and labile amino nitrogen were measured as one nitrogen fraction in one offshore water mass northwest
of the Dome. The ammonia concentration was greater than that of nitrate and the N : P ratio was
increased threefold to fourfold if ammonia was included with nitrate. The growth of three phytoplankton
cultures was supported by ammonia and by various amino compounds. Ammonia may be a relatively
important nitrogen source in the northeastern tropical Pacific Ocean, and should be included with nitrate
as a measure of the total nitrogen available to phytoplankton. Ammonia may moderate the extreme
nitrogen deficiency which would be expected if nitrate were considered the only source of nitrogen.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2888.
Publicación No.: 354 Some geographical results of the Second Byrd Antartic Expedition, 19331935. I. The submarine topography of the Ross Sea and adjacent waters [Algunos resultados
geográficos de la Segunda Expedición Antártica del Byrd, 1933-1935. I. La topografía submarina del Mar
de Ross y aguas adyacentes] / Roos, S.E. In: Geographical Review (ISSN 0016-7428), v. 27, no. 4, p.
574-583. 1937.
The oceanographic program of the Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition, which left Boston in the latter part
of September, 1933, included a systematic bathymetric-survey in the form of echo soundings begun as
soon as the Pacific Ocean was entered. Soundings were taken hourly, i.e. about seven miles apart.
However, when any outstanding change in the bottom configuration was encountered, or when a
continental or insular shelf was approached and left, the soundings were increased to any number
required to obtain the detailed profile of the bottom. In all, ten series, totaling 2723 soundings, were
carried out by the Bear of Oakland during her various cruises. They are: Panama to Tahiti; Tahiti to New
Zealand (North Island); Dunedin, N. Z., to the Bay of Whales, Ross Sea; an exploratory cruise to the
waters northeast of King Edward VII Land; a cruise across the Ross Sea to latitude 72° S. for a
rendezvous with the R.R.S. Discovery II; Bay of Whales to Dunedin, N. Z.; Dunedin, N. Z., to the Bay of
Whales (including the Scott Island Rise, western sector of the Ross Sea, and front of the Ross Shelf Ice)
; Discovery Inlet, Ross Sea, to Dunedin, N. Z.; Dunedin, N. Z., to Easter Island; Easter Island to the Gulf
of Panama. The soundings fall into two main divisions : the trans-Pacific series and the series related
directly to the Antarctic. The present paper deals chiefly with the latter; for the former see Appendix II.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2889.
189
Publicación No.: 355 Spore morphology in the Cyatheaceae. III. The genus Trichipteris
[Morfología de las esporas en las Cyatheaceae. III. El género Trichipteris] / Gastony, G.J. (Indiana
University. Department of Plant Sciences, Bloomington, IN 47401, US). In: American Journal of Botany
(ISSN 0002-9122), v. 66, no. 10, p. 1238-1260. 1979.
Scanning electron microscopy supported by light microscopic L-O analysis is used in a palynological
study of the genus Trichipteris of the tree fern family Cyatheaceae. The spores of all but two of the 55
species are investigated and the results are related to previous findings for Trichipteris species in the
literature. A perine layer consisting of a network of slender, smooth- or rough-textured interlocking
strands with free ends uniformly characterizes the genus and is the same as the perine typepreviously
reported in neotropical species of Sphaeropteris excluding the S. horrida group. The exine is analyzed
both in spores which have not yet developed the perine layer and in spores whose perine has been
removed by chemical treatment. Exine sculpturing shows great variation in the genus, ranging from
essentially psilate to variously pitted (foveolate, foraminate), with topography ranging from plane to
verrucate-tuberculate, and with the verrucae-tubercles themselves often variously pitted. In many
instances, exine sculpturing types correlate with the infrageneric species groupings or affinities
hypothesized by the recent monographers. In other cases, palynological characters offer new insight into
species relationships that were previously unclear to monographers or that were interpreted differently
on the basis of other characters. The exine sculpturing types reinforce the relationship evident between
Trichipteris and neotropical Sphaeropteris on the basis of perine morphology.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2895.
Publicación No.: 356 Phylogeny of Darwin's finches as revealed by mtDNA sequences [Filogenia
de los pinzones de Darwin revelada por las secuencias del ADN de las mitocondrias] / Sato, A.; O'hUigin,
C.; Figueroa, F.; Grant, P.R.; Grant, B.R.; Tichy, H.; Klein, J. (Max-Plack-Institut für Biologie. Abteilung
Immungenetik, Corrensstrasse 42, D-72076 Tübingen, DE <E-mail: akie.sato@tuebingen.mpg.de> <Email: prgrant@princeton.edu> <E-mail: rgrant@princeton.edu>). In: Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (ISSN 0027-8424), v. 96, no. 9, p. 5101-5106.
1999.
Darwin's finches comprise a group of passerine birds first collected by Charles Darwin during his visit to
the Galápagos Archipelago. The group, a textbook example of adaptive radiation (the diversification of a
founding population into an array of species differentially adapted to diverse environmental niches),
encompasses 14 currently recognized species, of which 13 live on the Galápagos Islands and one on the
Cocos Island in the Pacific Ocean. Although Darwin's finches have been studied extensively by
morphologists, ecologists, and ethologists, their phylogenetic relationships remain uncertain. Here,
sequences of two mtDNA segments, the cytochrome b and the control region, have been used to infer
the evolutionary history of the group. The data reveal the Darwin's finches to be a monophyletic group
with the warbler finch being the species closest to the founding stock, followed by the vegetarian finch,
and then by two sister groups, the ground and the tree finches. The Cocos finch is related to the tree
finches of the Galápagos Islands. The traditional classification of ground finches into six species and tree
finches into five species is not reflected in the molecular data. In these two groups, ancestral
polymorphisms have not, as yet, been sorted out among the cross-hybridizing species.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2834.
Publicación No.: 357 Distributional notes on the fishes of Lower California and the west coast
of Mexico: II [Apuntes sobre la distribución de peces de Baja California y la costa occidental de México:
II] / Brock, V.E. (Fish Commission of Oregon, Portland, OR, US). In: Copeia (ISSN 0045-8511), v. 1943,
no. 2, p. 130-131. 1943.
These notes are an addition to those published in Copeia (1938(3):128-131). The fish were collected by
the methods described in that paper and in Copeia (1941(1):44) except for Girella simplicidens Osborn
and Nichols which was collected by a group from Stanford University near the head of the Gulf of
California. Other than the latter, the species listed here were collected during the winter of 1940 from
Cape San Lucas, the west coast of Mexico, and islands offshore. For each species listed the known range
is given first, in parentheses, as determined from the available literature, followed by the extension in
range as indicated by the present collection. Sometimes the collection of a species is recorded because it
is rare or of interest even though no extension in range has been found. Range extensions of species
that are definitely known not to represent strays but established populations are listed with an asterisk.
Species listed without this mark may also represent established populationsin the locality of collection.
Information regarding the presence of populations was obtained through submarine observation by
means of diving apparatus.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2835.
Publicación No.: 358 A phylogeny of Darwin´s finches based on microsatellite DNA length
variation [Filogenia de los pinzones de Darwin con base a la variación de la longitud de los
microsatélites del ADN] / Petren, K.; Grant, B.R.; Grant, P.R. (Princeton University. Department of
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton, N.J. 08544-1003, US <E-mail: ken.petren@uc.edu> <Email: rgrant@princeton.edu> <E-mail: prgrant@princeton.edu>). In: Proceedings of the Royal Society
of London - Series B: Biological Sciences (ISSN 0962-8452), v. 266, no. 1417, p. 321-329. 1999.
Allele length variation at 16 microsatellite loci was used to estimate the phylogeny of 13 out of the 14
species of Darwin's finches. The resulting topology was similar to previous phylogenies based on
morphological and allozyme variation. An unexpected result was that genetic divergence among
Galápagos Island populations of the warbler finch (Certhidea olivacea) predates the radiation of all other
Darwin's finches. This deep split is surprising in view of the relatively weak morphological differentiation
190
among Certhidea populations and supports the hypothesis that the ancestor of all Darwin's finches was
phenotypically similar to Certhidea. The results also resolve a biogeographical problem: the Cocos Island
finch evolved after the Galápagos finch radiation was under way, supporting the hypothesis that this
distant island was colonized from the Galápagos Islands. Monophyletic relationships are supported for
both major groups, the ground finches (Geospiza) and the tree finches (Camarhynchus and Cactospiza),
although the vegetarian finch (Platyspiza crassirostris) appears to have diverged prior to the separation
of ground and tree finches. These results demonstrate the use of microsatellites for reconstructing
phylogenies of closely related species and interpreting their evolutionary and biogeographic histories.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2833.
Publicación No.: 359 Descriptions of two new species and three new subspecies of birds from
the eastern Pacific, collected by the Hopkins-Stanford expedition to the Galapagos Islands
[Descripciones de dos nuevas especies y tres nuevas subespecies de aves del Pacífico oriental,
colectadas por la expedición Hopkins-Stanford a las Islas Galápagos] / Heller, E.; Snodgrass, R.E. In:
The Condor (ISSN 010-5422), v. 3, no. 3, p. 74-77. 1901.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2832.
Publicación No.: 360 The east Pacific barrier and the distribution of marine shore fishes [La
barrera del Pacífico oriental y la distribución de peces costeros marinos] / Briggs, J.C. (The University of
Texas. Institute of Marine Science, Port Aransas, TX, US). In: Evolution (ISSN 0014-3820), v. 15, no. 4,
p. 545-554. 1961.
Although the East Pacific Barrier has been the object of considerable speculation by contemporary
marine zoologists, it was Charles Darwin (1872 : 131) who first recognized its zoogeographic
importance. "Westward of the shores of America, a wide space of open ocean extends, with not an island
as a halting-place for emigrants ; here we have a barrier of another kind, and as soon as this is passed
we meet in the eastern islands of the Pacific with another and totally distinct fauna." As Ekman has
emphasized (1953 : 73), the East Pacific Barrier is considered by many to be responsible for the most
pronounced break in the circumtropical shore fauna . It has been noted recently (Briggs, 1960) that 14
species of circumtropical shore fishes have succeededin crossing this area. The number should now be
reduced to 13, for Garrick (1960) has shown that the bramble-shark genus Echinorhinus is not
monotypic and that, so far, neither of the two species can be considered cosmopolitan. As nearly as can
be determined from the various checklists, faunal works, and recent revisionary literature as well as an
examination of specimens of certain species, in addition to the 13 worldwide fishes, 40 other tropical
shore species have transgressed the Barrier at least as far as the offshore islands of the Eastern Pacific.
This gives a total of 53 shore fishes which can be called "trans-Pacific species ." A list has been compiled
(Appendix) which gives the name and the general distribution of each.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2829.
Publicación No.: 361 Additional transpacific shores fishes [Otros peces costeros transpacíficos] /
Briggs, J.C. (The University of Texas. Institute of Marine Science, Port Aransas, TX, US). In: Copeia
(ISSN 0045-8511), v. 1964, no. 4, p. 706-708. 1964.
Three years ago (Briggs 1961, Evolution 15(4):545-554), an evaluation of the East Pacific Barrier was
made with particular reference to its effect on the distribution of tropical shore fishes. Included as an
appendix was an annotated list of the transpacific species. Since that time, it has been possible to
identify a large collection from Cocos Island (Eastern Pacific Ocean) and also some additional literature
has been published that serves to further clarify the situation. The H.R. MacMillan yacht Marijean, based
in Vancouver, Canada, made 2 visits to Cocos Island, one in February 1954 and the other in March 1956.
Fishes were taken each time by means of rotenone, hook and line, and gill nets. The first collection was
made by Dr. C.C. Lindsey and the second by Dr. Peter A. Larkin. The result was a large and varied group
of specimens (now deposited in the fish museum at the University of British Columbia) that included 58
species, many of them new records for the island. Among these were found 4 species that had not been
known to cross the East Pacific Barrier: 1. Scarops rubroviolaceus (Bleeker). University of British
Columbia No. 56-451 (1). Formerly known to range from Hawaii to Samoa and west to Africa (Schultz
1958, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. No. 214:1-143). 2. Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell). BC 56-451 (1).
Known from Hawaii to the Tuamotus and west to Africa. The specimen matches very well the description
by Schultz (1953, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. No. 202, 1:1-685) and the figure given by Gosline and Brock
(1960, Handbook of Hawaiian fishes, pp. 1-372). 3. Myripristis berndti Jordan and Evermann. BC 54-403
(3). Known from Hawaii to the Tuamotus and to the western Caroline Islands. The specimens fit closely
the description given by Woods (1953, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. No. 202, 1:1-685) except that they possess
one additional pectoral ray (14 instead of 13). Although this is the first time this species has been
recognized in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, it is probable that the Cocos specimens identified as M. murdjan
(Forskal) by Snodgrass and Heller (1905, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6:333-427) are also M. berndti. 4.
Aphareus furcatus (Lacépéde). BC 54403 (4). Known from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands and west to
Africa. Identified by means of the recent descriptions of Schultz (1953, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. No. 202,
1:1-685) and Gosline and Brock (op. cit.). Seale (1940, Allan Hancock Pac. Exped. 9(1):1-46) identified
a specimen from Cocos Island as this species but, until now, the record was regarded as questionable.
An additional transpacific parrotfish, Calotomus spinidens (Quoy and Gaimard), should be recognized. It
was overlooked because of Schultz' (1958, Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. No. 214:1-143) remarks about the
distribution of the genus in the introduction to his review of the family Scaridae, "Calotomus, with 2
species, occurs only in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, one species reaching the Hawaiian Islands and the
other the West Pacific." However, it has been found that, in the synonymy of C. spinidens, Schultz listed
191
C. xenodon Gilbert from the Revillagigedos Islands and indicated that he had examined the holotype at
the U.S. National Museum. The range of C. spinidens should therefore be given as: Revillagigedos
Islands in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and in the Western Pacific Ocean from Hawaii to the Cook Islands
and west to Africa. In his new revision of the family Belonidae, Mees (1962, Zool. Verhand. No. 54:1-96)
considered the flat needlefish, Belone hians Valenciennes, to be the same on both sides of the Pacific
Ocean and, in fact, to have a worldwide distribution. This decision seems to be substantiated by a
remarkable consistency in the number of dorsal and anal fin rays in specimens from various parts of the
world. Its general range in the Pacific Ocean is: Gulf of California to Panama and the Galápagos Islands;
Hawaii and Japan, south to Australia, and west to Africa. Randall (1961, Copeia 1961(3):357-358), after
an examination of the types in the U.S. National Museum,found that the kyphosid fish, Sectator azureus
Jordan and Evermann, described from a Hawaiian specimen, was the same as S. ocyurus (Jordan and
Gilbert) from the Pacific coast of Panama. This means that the species, under the latter name, needs to
be recognized as transpacific. Its known range is Panama in the east and from Hawaii to the Society
Islands in the west. In his recently published review of the hawkfishes (family Cirrhitidae), Randall
(1963, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 114:389-451), mainly on the basis of newly collected material, found that
Oxycirrhites seftoni B6hlke and Briggs from the Gulf of California was the same as O. typus Bleeker from
the Indo-West Pacific region. The known range in the east is Baja California to Gorgona Island,
Colombia,and in the west from the Philippines to Sumatra, Amboina, and Mauritius. Randall (op. cit.)
also found that another Eastern Pacific cirrhitid, Cirrhitichthys corallicola TeeVan, needed to be placed in
the synonymy of a wide-ranging Indo-West Pacific formin this case C. oxycephalus (Bleeker). It has
been taken from Costa Rica to Colombia and at Clipperton, Cocos, and Gorgona islands; in the west it
extends from the Gilbert, Marshall, Marquesas, and Phoenix islands to the East Indies and the Red Sea.
As the result of the information presented above, the number of known transpacific shore fishes must be
increased from 53 to 62. It was noted previously that most of the transpacific species with a
nonworldwide distribution were, in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, either confined to or probably most typical
of, the offshore islands. This interesting pattern is reinforced by what is now known about the 9 new
additions since 5 of them apparently are confined to the islands (4 to Cocos and 1 to the Revillagigedos).
Of the new additions to the list only 2, Belone hians and Oxycirrhites typus, appear to be broadly
distributed in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. The rest seem to have only limited footholds but all range
widely in the Western Pacific Ocean. Aside from the monotypic Oxycirrhites typus, 7 of the remaining 8
newly recognized transpacific species represent genera that are best developed in the Indo-West Pacific
Ocean. The parrotfish genus Scarops is an exception for, with the record of S. rubroviolaceus from Cocos
Island, all 3 of the known species have been found in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Because of the
occurrence of all the Scarops species in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, there would, perhaps, be some
justification for considering the origin of the genus to be in the New World.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2822.
Publicación No.: 362 An endemic palm on Cocos Island near Panama mistaken for the coconut
palm [Una palma endémica de la Isla del Coco cercana a Panamá confundida con la palma de coco] /
Cook, O.F. In: Science (ISSN 0036-8075), v. 91, no. 2354, p. 140-142. 1940.
Two Cocos Islands sometimes are confused, one an inhabited coral group, known also as the Keeling
Islands, located in the Indian Ocean south of Sumatra, the other an uninhabited mountainous island in
the Pacific Ocean about 250 miles southwest of Panama, midway between the Galapagos Islands and
Costa. Rica. This small precipitous forest-covered island, rising to nearly 3,000 feet, chiefly known as a
resort of buccaneers and treasure-seekers, was visited by Lionel Wafer in 1685 and described as
abounding in coconut palms, not only near the landing place, later called Wafer Bay, but also "on the
skirts of the hilly ground in the middle of the isle, and scattering in spots upon the sides of it." This early
report of the coconut palm in a wild state now is explained by the discovery of a large native palm, not
known from the mainland and probably peculiar to Cocos Island, growing abundantly on the steep
wooded slopes and having a notable resemblance to the coconut palm, although of a different family.The
leaf-crowns emerge above the other trees and are readily visible from the anchorage, but the palms are
not easily reached through the unbroken forest. The leaves are relatively broad and spreading like those
of the coconut palm, with the pinnae regularly placed and gracefully drooping in the same manner, a
truly "mimetic" similarity, except that the two palms would not be found in company, the coconut being
strictly a sun palm, too intolerant of shade to grow in the forest. The material for the study of the
endemic palm was obtained in August, 1938, by Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt, of the United States National
Museum, during the cruise of President Roosevelt on the U.S.S. Houston. The young men of the landing
party cut down a mature palm in the forest andhelped to bring back a generous series of specimens,
including large sections of the trunk and leaves, entire inflorescences, seeds and seedlings, with
numerous photographs. A detailed account of the new genus Rooseveltia has been published recently in
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 98, No. 7, "A New Palm from Cocos Island Collected on the
Presidential Cruise of 1938," with 26 plates, a few showing Plectis, the nearest related genus, discovered
in the mountain forests of eastern Guatemala in 1902, but not previously illustrated. Rooseveltia is a tall
elegant palm with a massive columnar trunk attaining 60 feet and upward, a member of the royal palm
family, like those known in the West Indies as mountain palms or mountain cabbage palms, a group
notably specialized for forest conditions. The seedlings are graceful and erect, growing a foot high in the
first year, with compound leaves, long cylindrical leaf-sheaths, slender filiform petioles and narrow
symmetrical pinnae, the first leaf dividing with remarkable regularity into six pinnae, the second and
third leaves usually into four or five pinnae. Only seven of the seedlings had six pinnae on all three
leaves, of 477 plants that had reached the stage of being counted. The roots of the young plants are
slender and wiry, holding the potting soil in a close network so that injury in transplanting may be
avoided, this feature giving a better prospect of Rooseveltia thriving in conservatories or in sheltered
192
gardens of southern Florida and other tropical regions. The discovery of Rooseveltia in its bearing on the
history of the coconut palm has relation to the problem of tracing the origin of civilization through the
cultivated plants. The principal center of plant domestication was in SouthAmerica, and the series of
primitive cultures is more complete in that continent. Most of the "Old World" crop plants are so little
changed that their wild relatives are readily recognized, while in America only remote and doubtful
relatives have been found for several widely cultivated species. Thus an ancient domestication is
indicated for the so-called "peach palm," Guilielma speciosa, a member of the coconut family with many
seedless varieties among very primitive tribes of the upper Amazon Valley and neighboring regions, to
Panama and Nicaragua. Wafer's open narrative, with its vivid impression of wild coconuts growing freely
on the wooded slopes of Cocos Island, often was quoted and undoubtedly contributed to the belief of
many writers of the last century that the coconut palm originated in the Pacific Islands or in the Malay
Archipelago, some even alleging a Spanish introduction to America. On botanical grounds an American
origin of the coconut palm is rather definitely indicated, the several families of palms being remarkably
localized. The coconut family is the dominant group of palms in South America, with specialized tribal
and generic characters, and hundreds of wild species, but is not represented in the Old World tropics.
Even the so-called African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis, appears to have been introduced from Brazil to
the early Portuguese settlements in West Africa, with maize and cassava, before it was brought to the
West Indies. The romantic theory elaborated by St. Pierre, of coconuts disseminated by ocean currents,
seldom appears in modern text-books, but the East Indian origin still is asserted, as in a recent work:
"The tree is a native of the Malay Archipelago, but it has been carried to tropical and subtropical regions
inall parts of the world." The argument was that the islands must have been colonized from Asia, and
that coconuts were indispensable. It is hard to lay aside the venerable belief in Asiatic antiquity. The
banana and the breadfruit no doubt were brought into Polynesia from the Malay region, where their wild
relatives are found, but other crop plants appear to have come from America. The sweet potato reached
all the Polynesian islands and kept its name "cumara," which still is used among Quichua-speaking
natives of southern Peru, in the eastern valleys below Cuzco.¹ (¹ J. Washington Acad. Sci., February 19
and June 4, 1916; Science, November 2, 1917). The general Polynesian name of the coconut, "niu," has
not been recognized in America, but possibly is represented by "nyu," the word for milk in the Quichua.
language. The mistake regarding the mountain palms of Cocos Island need not discredit Wafer's account
of the large numbers of true coconut palms near the landing place. These must have been planted
inclearings and probably had not been abandoned for more than a century, or they would have been
smothered by the forest. An earlier European settlement on Cocos Island seems improbable, but many
islands off Panama were inhabited. Oviedo's account of the Isthmus, written in the time of Balboa and
published in 1526, leaves no doubt that coconuts were abundant on the Pacific coast.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2827.
Publicación No.: 363 The dispersal of the coconut: did it float or was it carried to Panama? [La
dispersión del coco: ¿flotó o se llevó a Panamá?] / Ward, R.G.; Brookfield, M. (The Australian National
University. Research School of Pacific Studies, P.O. Box 4, Camberra 2601, AU). In: Journal of
Biogeography (ISSN 0305-0270), v. 19, p. 467-480. 1992.
Debate on the origin and dispersal of Cocos nucifera has generally concluded that the palm has a
Southeast Asia-Melanesian origin. The means of dispersal to the margins of its pre-industrial range is in
more dispute. The literature on this question is reviewed. A stochastic simulation model of the winds,
currents and islands of the Pacific Ocean tests the hypothesis of trans-Pacific drift dispersal. The model
suggests that the probability of coconuts drifting unaided to the west coast of Panama while remaining
viable is extremely low. Dispersal to Panama by humans seems more likely.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2823.
Publicación No.: 364 The Isla Jaltemba coral formation and its zoogeographical significance
[La formación coralina de la Isla Jaltemba y su significado zoogeográfico] / Greenfield, D.W.; Hensley,
D.; Wiley, J.W.; Ross, S.T. (California State College. Department of Bology, Fullerton, CA 92631, US).
In: Copeia (ISSN 0045-8511), v. 1970, no. 1, p. 180-181. 1970.
A preliminary survey of the marine fishes of the coast of the State of Nayarit, on the west coast of
Mexico, conducted during March 1967 revealed the presence of a well developed coral formation on the
leeward side of Isla Jaltemba, which is located one-half mile offshore, about 25 miles south of San Blás.
Large expanses of coral are extremely rare in the eastern tropical Pacific, especially on the west coast of
Mexico (Walker, 1960). Although stony corals are present on the offshore islands such as Clipperton
(Sachet. 1962) and the Cabo San Lucas area, large areas of coral are characteristically Jacking on the
mainland areas south of Maratlán, where only small patches may be found. Correlated with this is the
lack of typical coral reef fish faunas and the presence of forms like the croakers of the family Sciaenidae
and the marine catfishes of the family Ariidae, which are ecologically adapted to mud and sand bottom
environments (Walker, 1960). A second trip to Isla Jaltemba in April 1968 provided an opportunity to
investigate further the fish fauna of the coral formation. One week of collecting using spear, slurpgun,
and poison yielded seven coral reef species which were either circumtropical or Indo-Pacific forms. These
species may he divided into two categories, those which appear to be coral limited and are essentially
absent from the mainland, and those which apparently prefer coral areas but have been taken in other
areas along the mainland. Included in the first category are Acanthurus glaucoparcius and Zanclus
cornutus. The Indo-Pacific surgeonfish A. glaucopareius was observed many times over the reef.
Photographs of this species were obtained but no specimens were collected. This is the first record of A.
glaucopareites from the mainland of Mexico. All previous specimens have been collected near the
offshore islands of Cocos, Clipperton, Clarion, Socorro, and the Galápagos. The moorish idol, Z.
cornutus, was observed seven different times, but no individuals were collected. This is the first record
193
of this species from the mainland of Mexico. Other specimens have been collected near the offshore
islands of Cocos, Clipperton, Socorro, and the Galapagos. The second category contains the following
species: Acanthurus zanthopterus was present in schools over the reef. usually in association with
Prionurus punctatus. A single specimen of the moray eel, Echidna zebra, was speared in a coral crevice.
It is usually taken only at Clipperton Island and in the general area of Cabo San Lucas, Baja California,
and the Tres Marias Islands, but Rosenblatt. (pers. comm.) has taken it as far north in the Gulf as
Carmen Island, where there is no coral. Three specimens of the bigeye, Priacantitus cruentatus, were
taken on the reef area. Although a specimen has been taken in Panama Bay, this species is usually
found near the offshore islands of Cocos, Socorro, Clarion, the Galápagos, and the Cabo San Lucas area,
Baja California. Two specimens of the Indo-Pacific trunkfish, Ostrarion meleagris, were taken, and
several others were observed. This species is usually only taken on the offshore islands of Cocos,
Clipperton, Clarion, Socorro, the Galápagos, and the area near Cabo San Lucas. Baja California, but
Rosenblatt (pers. comm.) has taken it from areas such as Los Arcos in Banderas Bay. A single specimen
of the circumtropical filefish. Alutera scripta, was taken in the reef area. Briggs (1961, 1967), Emerson
(1967), and Rosenblatt and Walker (1963) have all stressed the fact that the Indo-Pacific Faunal
elements in the eastern tropical Pacific are mostly restricted to the offshore islands. Walker (1960) has
shown that the fauna of the Cabo San Lucas area contains a high number of traits-Pacific species, being
similar to an insular fauna. Various suggestions have been put forth to explain the general absence of
Indo-Pacific species along the mainland areas of Mexico, as outlined by Briggs (1961). As Briggs and,
more recently, Emerson (1967) have suggested. the absence of the coral reef biotope andthe
appropriate niches is most likely of prime importance. The presence of trans-Pacific species of fishes
around the Isla Jaltemba coral formation tends to support this conclusion. It could be predicted that
when the other isolated coral reefs on the continental shelf of the west coast of the New World are more
thoroughly investigated, that more instances of trans-Pacific species occurring along the mainland will be
found.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2825.
Publicación No.: 365 Fishes of the tropical eastern Pacific [Peces del Pacífico oriental tropical] /
Allen, G.R.; Robertson, D.R. (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948
PA <E-mail: ross.robertson@stri.org>). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 1994. 332 pp. ISBN:
0-8248-1675-7.
This book was produced by the University of Hawaii Press in the large (8% X 11%) format that is
consistent in their successful series on fishes inhabiting tropical regions of the Pacific Ocean. This is a
beautiful, full color catalog of fishes found in the region extending from the central Gulf of California,
southward to Ecuador and offshore in the Revillagigedos, Cocos, and Galápagos Island groups. It covers
680 species; most are illustrated with a color photograph but some, mainly the pelagic tunas, billfishes
and marlins, and other game fishes, are illustrated in color paintings by world-renowned natural history
artist, Roger Swainston. The primary emphasis is on the species most commonly seen in depth ranges
and habitats accessible by scuba divers (to about 200 feet in depth). Of the species treated in this
volume, 84 percent are endemic to the eastern Pacific. This book finally fulfills a long-time data gap by
providing both a detailed inventory of species, as well as photographic documentation of species color
patterns that are important to biogeographers. This is an essential reference for any marine biologist
interested in regional species distribution patterns. It will be of particular interest to divers and biologists
who have been observing fishes in the Caribbean, because a large number of eastern Pacific fishes are
sister species derived from ancestral populations separated when the Isthmus of Panama was formed,
probably in the early Pliocene epoch. The book is intended as an identification guide to the common
inshore fishes and offshore game fishes. The authors estimate they cover at least 90 percent of the
region's inshore fishes. Descriptions of species are presented in phylogenetic order by family, with the
most primitive fishes listed first. Species are described by standard ichthyological counts,
measurements, and anatomical characteristics, with a note on the species geographic range. Some
descriptions also include brief ecological or behavioral notes. The book meets all expectations that an
ichthyologist desires in a reference volume [Book review by Phillip S. Lobel, Boston University Marine
Program, Woods Hole, Massachusetts].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 366 Notes on the Island of Cocos, and two of the Galapagos [Apuntes sobre la
Isla del Coco y dos de las Galápagos] / Seymour, G. In: Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of
London (ISSN 0266-6235), v. 19, p. 20-22. 1849.
The Island of Quibo is about the same size as the Isle of Wight. Off the points ledges of rock generally
extend; but there is an appearance of an anchoring-place in the intervening bays on the E. side, along
which I proceeded in the 'Sampson' steam-vessel. The soil on the coast is good, but the interior is nearly
inaccessible from the steepness of the cliffs and the tangled vegetation. We found traces of pearl-divers
having visited the shores ; but there were no inhabitants, except at the small islet of Ranchirea, between
which and the N.E. end of Quibo there is good anchorage. A Frenchman of the name of Sorget is
resident on Ranchirea ; and this situation, as far as I could judge on a cursory view, seems more
favourable for an establishment than any we saw on the larger island. The 'Sampson' watered in the
same place at which Commodore Anson completed his stock in 1746. Quibo is luxuriantly wooded, and
would be fruitful in every tropical production, but for the rains, which continue from April till November,
and which it is likely, in its uncleared state, must tend to render it unhealthy. It is subject to calms and
variable winds, especially in the rainy season; and therefore not well adapted as a port of general
rendezvous, although it may acquire more or less importance whenever a transit by either of the
adjoining provinces shall be effected from the Atlantic. We found the island of Cocos completely
194
shrouded in heavy rain. The N.E. bay in which the 'Sampson' was anchored in 20 fathoms, affords
shelter from the prevailing swell, but is open to the N.E. We also visited the N.W. bay, where the landing
was difficult from the swell which always rolls in there. Vancouver's description of this picturesque little
island is drawn with his usual accuracy. It is happily placed so as to supply ships, the voyages of which
are prolonged by the variable winds that prevail in this quarter, with water and wood in abundance, and
also with an ample supply of fish; but it does not possess either extensive or secure harbours (Cocos or
Kulling's Islands are a small group lying in the parallel of 14° S, and meridian of 93° E, and were
formerly occupied by a Mr. Ross and family. Prior to this they were uninhabited. The climate is mild and
healthy, the thermometer scarcely rising above 84° or falling below 75°.-Vide Commander Kempthorne,
I.N, In: Bombay Geographical Journal, 1848, p. 210.-ED.). From thence we proceeded to Chatham
Island in the Galapagos, and examined Stephen's Bay, Wreck Bay, near the S.W. endand the wateringplace called Fresh-water Bay, on the S. side. The 'Beagle' and 'Daphne' here completed their water in
1832 and 1845; but from the swell that sets on the shore, if large ships frequented these islands, I think
it would be necessary to bring water to them in a tank-vessel, and to some sheltered anchorage, instead
of leaving them exposed to the difficulty of getting under weigh from this place, where they must lie
close to the shore, and on the weather side of the island. Wreck Bay is inhabited by a native of
Guayaquil, called here General Mena, and a person of the name of Gurney, who calls himself an
Englishman. They maintain themselves by supplying the American whalers with terrapin ; and having
exhausted the shores of these animals, they now seek them in the interior, which they describe to be
generally much more fertile than near the coast, and to contain many water springs. They have put into
cultivation some acres about seven miles from Wreck Bay, which is more sheltered and has abetter
beach than the other anchorages. The French brig-of-war ' La Genie,' in August last, dug a well through
clay, the lava being only superficial, but it was too near the beach, and the water in it, and in the ponds
described by Captain Kellet, I found to be quite salt. Having examined Post-Office Bay, in Charles Island,
we next anchored in Black Beach Road, whence there is a path to the settlement, at which there is a well
about a mile and a half from the sea, and five miles farther the spring called the Deep-stone, beyond the
cultivated land so well described by Captain Fitzroy, which I visited with Captain Henderson. The number
of settlers is now reduced to about twenty-five, as the greater number have left the island, their chief
occupation of supplying the whaling-ships having ceased with the exhaustion of terrapin in this island.
On the lately cultivated farms every kind of tropical production* was growing in abundance ; and the
adjoining lands, which had not been cleared, appeared to be of the same character, and to be available
for increased means of subsistence if the island were peopled. It is stated in an account of a voyage in
an English whaling-ship, published by Dr. Coulter, that he found coal in the hills in the interior of
Chatham Island. The residents, who have gone over it, are not aware of its existence; but the assertion
furnishes an additional reason for a thorough examination of the island. Volcanic action in this group of
islands is so generally marked, and there is so muchlava on the shores, that the first appearance is
discouraging ; but the result of my short personal examination has been to give me a better idea of their
resources, if in the hands of those who would apply industry and exertion to their improvement.
Theclimate is healthy and the heat moderate, considering the vicinity of the islands to the equator.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2821.
Publicación No.: 367 Pirate gold [Oro pirata] / Anonymous. In: Western Folklore (ISSN 0043-373X),
v. 8, no. 3, p. 275-276. 1949.
Notices in February newspapers stated that searchers believed they had located the position of the
fabulous "lost loot of Lima" pirate booty estimated worth $500,000,000. The latest expedition is only one
of many attempts to find the treasure. An Oakland Tribune columnist (April 17, 1949) records the known
history: With so much renewed discussion of the pirates' cache on Cocos Island, the Knave believes
there is pertinence in an up-to-date summary and description as furnished by the National Geographic
Society. No story on Cocos Island will escape contradictions or fail to arouse controversy. On that
subject there are so many who know "they are right" that it is a brave man who mixes in the arguments.
Certainly what follows is unbiased and not fromany person who has interest in still another expedition or
search ... Some 550 miles west of the Panama Canal, a verdant, hilly island called Cocos stands alone in
the Pacific. It belongs to Costa Rica, 325 miles to its northeast. Because it is uninhabited and small about 16 square miles [24 km²] map-makers and encyclopedia compilers sometimes ignore it. It burns
hot in the blazing tropical sun less than 6° N of the equator. Finding buried treasure in 16 square miles
of mountainous jungle ranks a few degrees harder than finding a needle in a haystack. Half a hundred
expeditions to Cocos, with and without authentic-looking old treasure charts, have failed completely.
Buccaneers in their heyday naturally found Cocos a convenient hideout. Many tales of treasure cached
on the island are considered legend. But the record of the rich "loot of Lima" is sufficiently authenticated
to keep adventurers putting in at Chatham Bay on the rugged island's north shore. Lima, Peru, grew and
waxed rich under Spanish rule with the aid of vast treasures pillaged by Pizzaro from the Incas. Its
cathedral became a veritable storehouse of jewels, bullion and images of solid gold. In the 1820's,
threatened by the onrush of Bolivar's forces, Lima city and church officials planned a quick removal of
their great wealth. In nearby Callao harbor lay the brig "Mary Dear," commanded by honest-looking
Capt. William Thompson and offering the protection of the British flag. Lima's riches and leading citizens
were taken aboard. The ship put to sea. Thompson and crew "liquidated" their Lima passengers the first
night, traveled north to Cocos Island, where they hid the treasure. Sailing south again, they were
captured by a British frigate, and the crew was executed. Thompson, spared on his promise to reveal the
treasure cache, escaped into the jungle upon the return to Cocos, the story goes. He later succeeded in
boarding an American whaler and spent his last days in Newfoundland. Copies of charts he is supposed
to have drawn have fired many a Cocos search. Varying estimates of the worth of the "loot of Lima"
begin at about $50,000,000 and run to several times that amount. Cocos was a hangout for Capt.
195
Edward Davis, pirate plunderer of the late 1600's, who is said to have buried gold there. A Portuguese
naval officer turned pirate may have cached treasure on the island shortly before Captain Thompson's
great day. England's Sir Malcolm Campbell, failing to find Cocos gold in 1926, gave up the effort, to win
later fame setting automobile speed records on Utah's Bonneville Salt Flats. Since about 1930, the use
of electrometers and other divining gadgets to spot buried metal have added hope to numerous
searches, as they do to the current expedition of a California search party.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2819.
Publicación No.: 368 New distributional record for Favartia (Murexiella) mildredae Poorman,
1980 (Gastropoda: Muricidae) [Nuevo registro de distribución para Favartia (Murexiella) mildredae
Poorman, 1980 (Gastropoda: Muricidae)] / Myers, B.W. (3761 Mt. Augustus Ave, San Diego, CA 92111,
US). In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738 9388), v. 32, no. 1, p. 9-10. 2000.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 369 Parental investment, adult sex ratios, and sexual selection in a socially
monogamous seabird / Tershy, B.R.; Croll, D.A. (University of California. Institute of Marine Sciences,
Santa Cruz, CA 95064, US). In: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology (ISSN 0340 5443), v. 48, no. 1, p.
52-60. 2000.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 370 Neotype designation and a diagnostic account for the centipede,
Scolopendra gigantea L. 1758, with an account of S. galapagoensis Bollman 1889 (Chilopoda:
Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) [Designación de neotipo y descripción diagnóstica para el
ciempiés Scolopendra gigantea L. 1758, con una descripción de S. galapagoensis Bollman 1889
(Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)] / Shelley, R.M.; Kiser, S.B. (North Carolina State
Museum of Natural Sciences. Research Laboratory, 4301 Reedy Creek Road, Raleigh, N.C 27607, US).
In: Tropical Zoology (ISSN 0394-6975), v. 13, no. 1, p. 159-170. 2000.
The oldest species-group name in the chilopod order Scolopendromorpha and family Scolopendridae,
Scolopendra gigantea Linnaeus 1758, is stabilized in accordance with the current concept by designating
a neotype specimen from northern Venezuela. The species occurs in northern Colombia and Venezuela,
and on Trinidad, Isla Margarita, Curacao, and Aruba; records from the US Virgin Islands, Haiti, Mexico,
and Honduras are deemed to represent accidental human importations or labeling errors. Scolopendra
galapagoensis Bollman 1889 occurs in Cocos Island, the Galapagos Islands, and along the Pacific Coast
of South America and the western slope of the Andres from Ecuador to southern Peru. Scolopendra
gigantea weyrauchi Bucherl 1950 is placed in synonymy under S. galapagoensis Bollman 1889.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 371 The protoconch of Phyllonotus eversoni D'Attilio, Myers & Shasky, 1987
(Muricidae) [La protoconcha de Phyllonotus eversoni D'Attilio, Myers & Shasky, 1987 (Muricidae)] /
Myers, B.W. (3761 Mt. Augustus Ave, San Diego, CA 92111, US). In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738 9388), v.
30, no. 5, p. 55-56. 1998.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 372 Atlas of the living olive shells of the world / Petuch, E.J.; Sargent, D.M.
(Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, US). Ft. Lauderdale, FL: CERF, 1986. 253 pp. ISBN:
093841500X.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 373 The Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of the Galapagos Islands, with notes on the
New World fauna [Los Dolichopodidae (Diptera) de las Islas Galápagos, con apuntes sobre la fauna del
Nuevo Mundo] / Bickel, D.J.; Sinclair, B.J. (Australian Museum. Entomology Section, 6 College St.,
Sydney South NSW 2000, AU). In: Entomologica Scandinavica (ISSN 0013 8711), v. 28, no. 3, p. 241270. 1997.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 374 California cowries (Cypraeacea): past and present, with notes on recent
tropical eastern Pacific species / Groves, L.T. In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 24, no. 9, p.
101-107. 1992.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 375 Commerson's frogfish Antennarius commersoni (Latreille) / Michael, S.W.
In: Freshwater and Marine Aquarium (ISSN 0160-4317), v. 14, no. 11, p. 32, 35-36. 1991.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
196
Publicación No.: 376 A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galapagos and Cocos
Islands / Cairns, S.D. (Smithsonian Institution. Department of Invertebrate Zoology; NHB-163, W-329
Washington, D.C. 20560-0163, US). In: Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology (ISSN 0081-0282), no.
504, p. 1-44. 1991.
The ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Galapagos and Cocos islands are revised based primary on the
collections of the 1986 expedition of the Johnson-Sea-Link I research submersible. A historical review of
the previous work on ahermatypic Scleractinia from the Galapagos and Cocos islands is given. Forty-two
ahermatypic species from the Galapagos and 12 ahermatypic species from Cocos Island, including nine
and five new records, respectively, are described and illustrated-because of overlap in distribution, a
total of 44 species. One genus, Pseudocyathroceras, and nine species are described as new: Cladocora
pacifica, Oculina profunda, Caryophillia perculta, C. solida, Concentrotheca vaughani, Crispathotrochus
galapagensis, Anomacora carinata, Polymyces wellsi, and Dendrophyllia johnsoni. Crispatotrochus
Tenison Woods, 1878, is resurrected and designated the senior synonym of Cyathoceras Moseley, 1881.
In order to facilitate comparisons within the subgenus Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia), the 56 Recent species
and subspecies are tabulated based on the nature of their base, septal symmetry, number of septa, and
their distribution. The four species of Galapagan Tubastraea are also compared in a tabular key. The
zoogeographic affinities of both the Galapagan and Cocos Island ahermatypic Scleractinia are found to
be consistent with other groups of marine invertebrates. The Galapagan fauna has a 41% endemic
component, 21% Panamanian, 19% Indo-Pacific, 14% cosmopolitan, and 5% West Indian. The West
Indian affinity is strengthened by the suggestion of two geminate species pairs: Cladocora pacifica-C.
debilis and Oculina profunda-O. varicosa. The Cocos ahermatypic fauna has smaller endemic and larger
Panamanian components, 17% and 33% respectively, the remaining species equally allied between the
Indo-Pacific region and cosmopolitan species. (Pseudocyathoceras avis (Durham and Barnard, 1952)
gen. et. comb. nov.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 377 Un modele classique d'evolution insulaire: les geospizines ou pinsons de
Darwin [Un modelo clásico de evolución insular: los geospizinos o pinzones de Darwin] / Dorst, J. In:
Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France (ISSN 0037-962X), v. 112, no. 3/4, p. 281-293. 1988.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 378 Cantharus fragarius (Wood, 1828) at Cocos Island [Cantharus fragarius
(Wood, 1828) en la Isla del Coco] / Shasky, D.R. (834 Highland Ave, Redlands, CA 92373, US). In: The
Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 19, no. 4, p. 30-31. 1987.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 379 Range extensions of five terebrid species [Extensiones de ámbito de hogar
de cinco especies de terébridos] / Bratcher, T. In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 18, no. 9, p. 127129. 1986.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 380 Further notes on Cocos Island species [Apuntes adicionales sobre especies de
la Isla del Coco] / Shasky, D.R. (834 Highland Ave, Redlands, CA 92373, US). In: Hawaiian Shell News
(ISSN 0017-8624), v. 33, no. 9, p. 4. 1985.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 381 Shell collecting on Isla del Coco, Costa Rica [Colectando conchas en la Isla
del Coco, Costa Rica] / Everson, G. In: New York Shell Club Notes (ISSN 0545-6347), no. 294, p. 7-8.
1985.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 382 A note on the geographical distribution of Favartia (Caribiella) purdyae
Vokes & d'Attilio, 1980 (another species named for Ruth Purdy) [Una nota sobre la distribución
geográfica de Favartia (Caribiella) purdyae Vokes & d'Attilio, 1980 (otra especie nombrada por Ruth
Purdy)] / d'Attilio, A. (San Diego Natural History Museum. Department of Marine Invertebrates, San
Diego, CA 92101, US). In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 17, no. 3, p. 25-26. 1985.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 383 Update on mollusks with Indo-Pacific faunal affinities in the tropical Eastern
Pacific. Part III [Actualización sobre los moluscos con afinidades faunísticas Indopacíficas en el Pacífico
oriental tropical. Parte III] / Shasky, D.R. (834 Highland Ave, Redlands, CA 92373, US). In: The Festivus
(ISSN 0738-9388), v. 16, no. 11, p. 123-124. 1984. (No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 384 Update on mollusks with Indo-Pacific faunal affinities in the tropical
eastern Pacific. Part IV [Actualización sobre los moluscos con afinidades faunísticas Indopacíficas en
197
el Pacífico oriental tropical. Parte IV] / Shasky, D.R. (834 Highland Ave, Redlands, CA 92373, US). In:
The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 18, no. 1, p. 3-5. 1986.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 385 Descriptions of new Neotropical Holotrochus and a key to the species of
the genus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) [Descripciones de nuevos Holotrochus neotropicales y clave
para las especies del género (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)] / Irmler, U. (University of Kiel. Center of
Ecology, D-24098 Kiel, DE <E-mail: uirmler@ecology.uni-kiel.de>). In: The Coleopterists Bulletin (ISSN
0010-065X), v. 35, no. 4, p. 379-397. 1981.
A key for the 39 Neotropical Holotrochus species is provided. The genus Neotrochus Blackwelder is
considered a synonym of Holotrochus. Included are 15 new species described hereIn: neotropicus
(Peru), sigridae (Brazil), opacus (Brazil), pseudodurus (Brazil), nani (Brazil), amazonicus (Brazil),
blackwelderi (Trinidad), hanagarthi (Peru), lineatus (Peru), milleri (Cocos Island), similis (Trinidad),
schubarti (Brazil), inpai (Brazil), pumilus (Peru), and ingae (Brazil).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 386 A review of the spinycheek sleepers, genus Eleotris (Teleostei:
Eleotridae), of the western Hemisphere, with comparison to the west African species / Pezold,
F.; Cage, B. (University of Louisiana. Department of Biology and Museum of Natural History (Zoology),
Monroe, LA, 71209-0500, US). In: Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany (ISSN 0082-6782), v. 31, no.
2, p. 19-63. 2002.
Species of the genus Eleotris from the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic are reviewed. Three species
are recognized from the eastern Pacific region. The wide-ranging Eleotris picta Kner, Eleotris tubularis
Heller and Snodgrass (endemic to Cocos Island), and Eleotris tecta Bussing (limited to Costa Rica,
Panama and Colombia) are distinguishable by scale counts (size), cephalic neuromast features and
morphology of the urogenital papilla. Three western Atlantic species are recognized. Eleotris pisonis
(Gmelin) is a continental South American species ranging from southern Brazil to the Orinoco River delta
in eastern Venezuela. A second primarily continental species, E. amblyopsis (Cope), is distributed from
Brazil through the Caribbean basin and Gulf of Mexico to North Carolina. Eleotris perniger (Cope), largely
Caribbean in distribution, is the prevalent species in the Antilles and Quintana Roo, but is also sympatric
with E. amblyopsis in Central America. The three western Atlantic species differ in scale counts and
cephalic neuromast patterns. Eleotris daganensis Steindachner of West Africa is morphologically
indistinguishable from E. amblyopsis. Lacking evidence of connectivity between eastern Atlantic
populations of E. daganensis and western Atlantic populations of E. amblyopsis, the species are not
synonymized. Eleotris annobonensis Blanc, Cadenat and Stauch is similar to E. perniger and North
American populations of Eleotris amblyopsis. The remaining three West African species of Eleotris are
most similar to E. picta of the eastern Pacific. Eleotris and Erotelis are recognized as distinct genera.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 387 Biogeography of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: Distribution and phylogeny
of chaenopsid fishes [Biogeografía del Pacífico oriental tropical: Distribución y filogenia de los peces
chaenópsidos] / Hastings, P.A. (University of California. Scripps Institution of Oceanography 0208, San
Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Folla, CA 92093-0208, US). In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
(ISSN 0024-4082), v. 128 no. 3, p. 319-335. 2000.
The Tropical Eastern Pacific Biogeographic Region (TEP) is delimited by steep thermal gradients to the
north and south, by a wide expanse of open ocean (the East Pacific Barrier) to the west, and by the
Central American land mass to the east. Four provinces within the TEP have been recognized based on
the distribution of rocky shore fishes and marine invertebrates: the Cortez, Mexican, Panamic, and
Galapagos Provinces. For rocky shore fishes, hypothesized barriers between these provinces are areas
lacking rocky outcroppings, specifically the Central American Gap between the Panamic and Mexican
Provinces, the Sinaloan Gap between the Mexican and Cortez Provinces, and the Pelagic Gap between
the mainland and the Islas Galapagos. The occurrence of 33 chaenopsid fish species within these
provinces, as well as other oceanic islands or archipelagos in the TEP (Isla de Malpelo, Isla del Coco, and
Islas Revillagigedo) were tallied based on literature records and observations of museum specimens.
Chaenopsid distributions within the TEP support these hypothesized provinces and their intervening
gaps. Twenty-one species (64% of the TEP chaenopsid fauna) are restricted to a single mainland
province or one of the oceanic islands or archipelagos. Of the mainland provinces, the Cortez and
Panamic exhibit similar levels of endemism (50%), but the Mexican Province has only one endemic
(10%). Of the remaining chaenopsids in the Mexican Province, three are widespread, occurring in all
three mainland provinces, four are shared only with the Cortez Province, and two are shared only with
the Panamic Province. Within the TEP, the Pelagic Gap is the most effective (crossed by only 3 of 33
species adjacent to it), followed by the Central American Gap (crossed by 5 of 21 species), and the
Sinaloan Gap (crossed by 7 of 17 species). Only one species, Chaenopsis alepidota, which is found off
southern California and in the Cortez Province, crosses a barrier delimiting the TEP. Species-level
phylogenetic hypotheses for the Chaenopsidae imply exclusively allopatric speciation for these fishes in
the TEP. Of the barriers delimiting the TEP, the most important in the recent evolution of chaenopsids is
the Isthmian Barrier which is implicated in six speciation events. Within the TEP, the Central American
Gap and Sinaloan Gap are each implicated in three speciation events, while the Pelagic Gap is implicated
in three speciation events of island endemics from mainland populations and one inter-island speciation
event.
Localización: No disponible.
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Publicación No.: 388 Phylogeography of the pantropical sea urchin Eucidaris in relation to land
barriers and ocean currents [Filogeografía del erizo marino pantropical Eucidaris en relación con
barreras terrestres y corrientes oceánicas] / Lessios, H.A.; Kessing, B.D.; Robertson, D.R.; Paulay, G.
(Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 2072, Balboa, PA <E-mail: ross.robertson@stri.org>). In:
Evolution (ISSN 0014-3820), v. 53, no. 3, p. 806-817. 1999.
The pantropical sea urchin genus Eucidaris contains four currently recognized species, all of them
allopatric: E. metularia in the Indo-West Pacific, E. thouarsi in the eastern Pacific, E. tribuloides in both
the western and eastern Atlantic, and E. clavata at the central Atlantic islands of Ascension and St.
Helena. We sequenced a 640-bp region of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of mitochondrial DNA to
determine whether this division of the genus into species was confirmed by molecular markers, to
ascertain their phylogenetic relations, and to reconstruct the history of possible dispersal and vicariance
events that led to present-day patterns of species distribution. We found that E. metularia split first from
the rest of the extant species of the genus. If COI divergence is calibrated by the emergence of the
Isthmus of Panama, the estimated date of the separation of the Indo-West Pacific species is 4.7-6.4
million years ago. This date suggests that the last available route of genetic contact between the IndoPacific and the rest of the tropics was from west to east through the Eastern Pacific Barrier, rather than
through the Tethyan Sea or around the southern tip of Africa. The second cladogenic event was the
separation of eastern Pacific and Atlantic populations by the Isthmus of Panama. Eucidaris at the outer
eastern Pacific islands (Galapagos, Isla del Coco, Clipperton Atoll) belong to a separate clade, so distinct
from mainland E. thouarsi as to suggest that this is a different species,for which the name E.
galapagensis is revived from the older taxonomic literature. Complete lack of shared alleles in three
allozyme loci between island and mainland populations support their separate specific status. Eucidaris
galapagensis and E. thouarsi are estimated from their COI divergence to have split at about the same
time that E. thouarsi and E. tribuloides were being separated by the Isthmus of Panama. Even though
currents could easily convey larvae between the eastern Pacific islands and theAmerican mainland, the
two species do not appear to have invaded each other's ranges. Conversely, the central Atlantic E.
clavata at St. Helena and Ascension is genetically similar to E. tribuloides from the American and African
coasts. Populations on these islands are either genetically connected to the coasts of the Atlantic or have
been colonized by extant mitochondrial DNA lineages of Eucidaris within the last 200,000 years.
Although it is hard to explain how larvae can cross the entire width of theAtlantic within their competent
lifetimes, COI sequences of Eucidaris from the west coast of Africa are very similar to those of E.
tribuloides from the Caribbean. FST statistics indicate that gene flow between E. metularia from the
Indian Ocean and fromthe western and central Pacific is restricted. Low gene flow is also evident
between populations of E. clavata from Ascension and St. Helena. Rates of intraspecific exchange of
genes in E. thouarsi, E. galapagensis, and E. tribuloides, on the other hand,are high. The phylogeny of
Eucidaris confirms Ernst Mayr's conclusions that major barriers to the dispersal of tropical echinoids have
been the wide stretch of deep water between central and eastern Pacific, the cold water off the
southwest coast of Africa, and the Isthmus of Panama. It also suggests that a colonization event in the
eastern Pacific has led to speciation between mainland and island populations.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2943.
Publicación No.: 389 [New considerations on the classification and biogeography of
neotropical Opisthacanthus (Scorpiones, Ischnuridae)] / Lourenço, W.R. (Muséum National
d'Histoire Naturelle. Laboratoire de Zoologie (Arthropodes), 61 rue de Buffon 75005, Paris, FR <E-mail:
arachne@mnhn.fr>). In: Biogeographica (ISSN 1165-6638), v. 71, no. 2, p. 75-82. 1995.
A new discussion concerning the status of some neotropical Opisthacanthus species is proposed. The
population endemic to the Island of Hispaniola is confirmed as different from the one distributed in
Panama and Colombia. The Hispaniola population isdefined as Opisthacanthus lepturus (P. de Beauvois,
1805), whereas the Panama-Colombia population is redefined as Opisthacanthus elatus (Gervais, 1844).
Opisthacanthus cayaporum Vellard, 1932 from Brazil, Opisthacanthus weyrauchi Mello-Leitao, 1948 from
Peru and Opisthacanthus valerioi Lourenço, 1980 from Cocos Island (Costa Rica) are confirmed as good
species. Opisthacanthus heurtaultae Lourenço, 1980 from French Guyana is considered only as a isolated
population of Opisthacanthus cayaporum.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 390 Revisions of Pterogastra and Schwackaea (Melastomataceae:
Melastomeae) [Revisiones de Pterogastra y Schwackaea (Melastomataceae: Melastomeae)] / Renner,
S.S. (University of Missouri at St. Louis. Department of Biology, 8001 Natural Bridge Rd., St. Louis, MO
63121-4499, US <E-mail: biosrenn@admiral.umsl.edu>). In: Nordic Journal of Botany (ISSN 0107055X), v. 14, no. 1, p. 65-71. 1994.
The closely related neotropical melastomean genera Pterogastra and Schwackaea are revised, the
species illustrated, and their distribution mapped. Schwackaea is maintained as a monotypic genus
because it is readily distinguished from all other melastomes by its 8-winged capsule. This weedy little
plant occurs from Mexico throughout Central America, chiefly on the Pacific slope, to northern Colombia
and on Cocos Island and grows in natural or man-made savannas from sea level to 2000 m altitude. Two
species are recognized in Pterogastra and one new combination, P. divaricata spp. glabra, is made.
Pterogastra is characterized by distinctly 4- or 5-winged capsules, unlike those of Schwackaea or any
other New World melastome. The more widespread species occurs in Colombia. Venezuela, Guyana,
Ecuador, and Peru at altitudes between sea level and 2600 m in natural or disturbed grasslands. The
second species is endemic in southwestern Venezuela and is confined to natural savannas at low
altitudes.
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Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 391 Additions to the Galapagos and Cocos Islands lichen and bryophyte floras
[Adición a las floras de líquenes y briófitas de las Islas Galápagos y del Coco] / Weber, W.A. (University
of Colorado. Museum, Campus Box 350, Boulder, CO 80309-0305, US). In: The Bryologist (ISSN 00072745), v. 96, no. 3, p. 431-434. 1993.
18 lichens and one bryophyte are added to the Galapagos flora, including the first report of the genus
Flakea, a widely disjunct tropical species described in 1992. 27 lichens, 27 mosses and 5 hepatics are
listed for Cocos Island. A comprehensive list is given of all species previously reported for Cocos Island.
New reports are based on the collections of the author made on the Galapagos International Scientific
Expedition of 1964.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 392 Regional differences in duration of the planktonic larval stage of reef
fishes in the Eastern Pacific Ocean [Diferencias regionales en la duración del estado larval
planctónico de peces arrecifales en el océano Pacífico oriental] / Wellington, G.M.; Victor, B.C.
(University of Houston. Department of Biology, Houston, TX 77204-5513, US). In: Marine Biology (ISSN
0025-3162), v. 113, no. 3, p. 491-498. 1992.
Regional variation in the duration of the planktonic larval phase of three species of reef fishes,
Thalassoma lucasanum (Labridae), Stegastes flavilatus, and Microspathodon dorsalis (Pomacentridae)
was investigated between 1982 and 1991 at several sites in the tropical eastern Pacific over a distance
of 3500 km, encompassing virtually their entire range of distribution. Durations of the larval phase,
determined from counts of daily otolith increments, were significantly different (1.3 to 1.6 x) between
sites. Populations of all three species had a consistently shorter larval life at the most northern site,
Cabo San Lucas (Mexico) compared to Panama and the offshore islands of Galapagos and Cocos.
Analyses of otolith increment width over the precompetent period revealed that this disparity in larval
duration primarily reflected differences in larval growth rates: faster growing fish spent less time in the
plankton. In T. lucasanum, some of the variation in larval duration between Panama and offshore sites
(Galapagos Islands and Cocos Island) may be accounted for by a higher frequency of individuals
delaying metamorphosis at the offshore sites. These data indicate that conditions in the planktonic
environment are not homogeneous throughout the tropical eastern Pacific and may have a profound
effect on aspects of the larval ecology of reef fishes in this region.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 393 New records of Stylasteridae (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from the Galapagos
and Cocos Islands [Nuevos registros de Stylasteridae (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) de las Islas Galápagos y
del Coco] / Cairns, S.D. (Smithsonian Institution. Department of Invertebrate Zoology; NHB-163, W-329
Washington, D.C. 20560-0163, US). In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington (ISSN
0006-324X), v. 104, no. 2, p. 209-228. 1991.
Based on the collections of the Johnson-Sea-Link I submersible, new records of 14 stylasterid species
are reported from the Galapagos Islands, including one new species: Lepidopora concatenata. Five
stylasterid species are reported from Cocos Island,including two new species: Pliobothrus fistulosus and
Stylaster Cocosensis. These are the first records of stylasterids from Cocos Island, three of the five
species also shared with the Galapagos Islands. These specimens are also the first records of thegenera
Lepidopora and Pliobothrus in the eastern Pacific, from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands, respectively.
Both the Galapagan and Cocos Island stylasterid faunae are considered to be derived from the western
Pacific, having no affinity with the shelf and slope fauna of the American continents in the eastern
Pacific. [The following new records are discussed: Lepidotheca macropora, Distichopora laevigranulosa,
Errina macrogastra, Stylaster divergens, S. marenzelleri, S. galapagensis, Stenohelia concinna,
Crypthelia eueides, C. glebulenta, C. lacunosa, C. cymas, C. dactylopoma and C. gigantea].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 394 First record of the Indo-Pacific gastropod Cypraea caputserpentis
Linnaeus 1758 at Isla de Gorgona (Colombia) [Primer registro del gastrópodo Indo-Pacífico Cypraea
caputserpentis Linnaeus 1758 en la Isla de Gorgona (Colombia)] / Cantera, K.J.R. (Universidad del Valle.
Departamento de Biología, Apartado Aéreo 25360, Cali, CO). In: The Veliger (ISSN 0042-3211), v. 34,
no. 1, p. 85-87. 1991.
The present paper records an extension of the known geographical range for Cypraea (Erosaria)
caputserpentis. This species is of wide western Indo-Pacific distribution in eastern and southern Africa,
eastern and southern Asia, Australia, the islands of Polynesia, and Hawaii. The only previous records in
the eastern Pacific are from Clipperton Island and Cocos Island. The new record is based on a single
empty shell collected in November 1988 at Isla de Gorgona, 30 km off the mainland of Colombia and
about 2300 km southeast of Clipperton Island.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 395 The behavior status and relationships of the endemic St. Lucia Black
Finch [The behavior status and relationships of the endemic St. Lucia Black Finch] / Trail, P.W.;
Baptista, L.F. (California Academy of Sciences. Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy, San Francisco,
CA 94118, US). In: National Geographic Research (ISSN 8755-724X), v. 5, no. 1, p. 82-97. 1989.
The St. Lucia black finch Melanospiza richardsoni is an emberizine finch endemic to the island of St.
Lucia in the Lesser Antilles. Known only from a small number of specimens and an even smaller set of
field observations, the species has long interested ornithologists because of its striking resemblance to
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several of Darwin's finches, which are themselves restricted to Cocos Island and the Galapagos
Archipelago. This research was undertaken to assess the current status and distribution of the blackfinch
on St. Lucia, and to document the species' reproductive behavior for the first time. Characters
associated with reproduction, including courtship displays, nest building, and vocalizations, are useful in
reconstructing the evolution of different groups of emberizine finches, and have been shown to be
conservative among Darwin's finches. Observations of black finch behavior reveal a number of detailed
similarities to Darwin's finches, and are consistent with the hypothesis of a close relationship among
these species. A survey of black finch populations indicates that the species occurs in low numbers
throughout St. Lucia. The black finch occupies a diversity of habitat types, including timber plantations
and the edges of agricultural plots. It does not appear to be currently in danger of extinction, but should
be monitored periodically to ensure its continued survival.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 396 Mud shrimps Upogebia from the eastern Pacific (Thalassinoidea:
Upogebiidae) [Camarones del lodo Upogebia del Pacífico oriental (Thalassinoidea: Upogebiidae)] /
Williams, A.B. (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. National Marine Fisheries
Services, Systematic Laboratory, Washington, DC 20560, US). In: San Diego Society of Natural History
Memoirs (ISSN 0080-5920), no. 14, p. 1-60. 1986.
The mud shrimp genus Upogebia found in the eastern Pacific between Alaska and the Galapagos Islands
is reviewed. Four previously described species from this region are recognized: U. longipollex (Streets)
and spinigera (Smith) ranging from El Salvador to Ecuador; pugettensis (Dana), from Valdez, Alaska to
Morro Bay, California; rugosa (Lockington), Gulf of California; and a fifth species from the western
Atlantic, affinis (Say), has been taken once in San Franciso Bay. Fifteen species new to scienceare
described: U. acanthops, Panama; burkenroadi, Sonora, Mexico; dawsoni, Gulf of California to Panama;
galapagensis, Galapagos Islands; jonesi, Sonora, Mexico, to Panama; lepta islands off southern
California, maccraryae. El Salvador to Ecuador; macginitieorum, southern California bight; onichion, San
Miguel Island off southern California; schmitti, Panama; tenuipollex, Ecuador; thistlei, Gulf of California
to Ecuador; veleronis, Islas Tres Marias, Mexico, and Cape San Francisco, Ecuador; ramphula, Maria
Madre Island, Mexico; Cocosia, Cocos Island. All except U. affinis are illustrated. Keys are given for
identification of all species of Upogebia known from the Western Hemisphere, 7 from the western
Atlantic and 19 from the eastern Pacific.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 397 The origin of Darwin's Finches (Fringillidae: Passeriformes) [Origen de los
pinzones de Darwin (Fringillidae: Passeriformes)] / Steadman, D.W. (National Museum Natural History /
Smithsonian Institution. Division of Birds, Washington, DC 20560, US). In: Transactions of the San
Diego Society of Natural History (ISSN 0080-5947), v. 19, no. 19, p. 279-296. 1982.
Despite numerous studies of the group, the ancestry of Darwin's finches, consisting of the Cocos finch
(Pinaroloxias inornata) and the Galapagos finches (13 spp. of Geospiza, s.l.) has never been adequately
resolved. Striking similarities in osteology and plumage indicate that the blue-black grassquit, Volatinia
jacarina, an emberizine finch of Central and South America, may be the direct ancestor of Darwin's
finches. The Cocos finch and the Galapagos finches evolved from independent colonizations of Volatinia
from the Neotropical mainland, and thus their similarities are largely due to retention of ancestral
characters present in Volatinia. Evidence for a supposed close relationship between Darwin's finches and
Tiaris or Melanospiza of the West Indies either is unsubstantiated or involves characters that are found
also in Volatinia. Geological data reveal very young ages for both the Galapagos (3-5 million yr for the
oldest islands) and Cocos Island (1 million yr), thus limiting the possible age of terrestrial life on these
islands. The ancestral relationship of living Volatinia to Darwin's finches is compatible with the relatively
recent origin of the rest of the terrestrial avifauna of the Galapagos, whose nearest relatives also are in
westernSouth America and not in the West Indies. The strong resemblance between Volatinia and
Darwin's finches is best expressed by including Volatinia Reichenbach, 1850, in the genus Geospiza
Gould 1837. Because of the intergradation among the various species of Galapagos finches and their
similarity to the Cocos finch and Volatinia, the genera Pinaroloxias Sharpe 1885, Platyspiza Ridgway
1897, Camarhynchus Gould 1837, Cactospiza Ridgway 1897, and Certhidea Gould 1837, are also treated
as synonyms of Geospiz.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 398 A revision of the fish genus Ogcocephalus with descriptions of new
species from the western Atlantic Ocean (Ogcocephalidae: Lophiformes) [Revisión del género de
peces Ogcocephalus con descripciones de nuevas especies del Océano Atlántico occidental
(Ogcocephalidae: Lophiformes)] / Bradbury, M.G. (San Francisco State University. Department of
Biological Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94132, US). In: Proceedings of the California Academy of
Sciences (ISSN 0068-547X), v. 42, no. 7, p. 229-285. 1980.
The New World genus Ogcocephalus comprises 12 spp. Two species are island endemics in the eastern
Pacific, O. darwini Hubbs in the Galapagos archipelago and O. porrectus Garman off Cocos Island, but
the remaining 10 are western Atlantic species. Fiveof the Atlantic species are described as new: O.
pantostictus and O. declivirostris from the northern and western Gulf of Mexico, O. rostellum from the
Atlantic coast of the southeastern USA, O. corniger also from the Atlantic coast of the southeastern USA
but ranging into the eastern Gulf of Mexico and O. pumilus from the Caribbean and coasts of the
Guianas. O. parvus Longley and Hildebrand has a wider range than formerly known, from the coast of
the southeastern USA and eastern Gulf of Mexico through the Caribbean to the Atlantic coast of South
America. O. vespertilio (Linnaeus) has a more restricted range than formerly thought, the coast of Brazil
201
from the mouth of the Amazon to the mouth of the Rio de la Plata. O. notatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes)
also has a southerly distribution in the western Atlantic, the coast of northern South America from
Colombia to northern Brazil. The variable species O. nasutus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) is to be
allopatric with O. vespertilio (Linnaeus), which it most resembles; O. nastus ranges from the mouth of
the Amazon through the Caribbean to the Bahamas and southeastern Florida. O. cubifrons (Richardson)
ranges from the Bahamas and the coast of the southeastern USA into the eastern Gulf of Mexico to at
least Pensacola, Florida [USA] and Campeche Banks. The name O. radiatus (Mitchill) is synonymized
with O. cubifrons. Illustrated keys, photographs, diagnoses and distribution maps are provided.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 399 Tanaidaceans and anthuridean isopods collected on the Presidential
Cruise of 1938 [Isópodos Tanaidaceanos y anthurideanos colectados en el Crucero Presidencial de
1938] / Nunomura, N. (c/o Mr R. Hasegawa, 11 2-Ku, Taromaru, Toyama 930-11, JP). In: Proceedings
of the Biological Society of Washington (ISSN 0006-324X), v. 91, no. 4, p. 936-952. 1979.
Anatanais normani from Magdalena Bay, lower California, Mexico; A. marmoratus from Galapagos
Island; Anatanais sp. from Cocos Island; Tanais standfordi from Clipperton Island; Paranthura californiae
sp. nov. from Magdalena Bay; P. algicola sp. nov. from California (specific locality unknown) and
Colanthura squamosissima from Magdalena Bay were described.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 400 Isopod crustaceans except Anthuridae collected on the Presidential
Cruise of 1938 [Crustáceos isópodos excepto Anthuridae colectados en el Crucero Presidencial de
1938] / Bowman, T.E. (National Museum of Natural History. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, NHB163, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, US). In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of
Washington (ISSN 0006-324X), v. 89, no. 57, p. 653-666. 1977.
Cirolana parva from Old Providence Island, Eurydice caudata from Cocos Island, Exocorallana tricornis
occidentalis and Rocinela signata from Sorocco Island, Trichorhina heterophthalma from Clipperton
Island, Ligia occidentalis, Philoscia richardsonaeArmadilloniscus holmesi from Cedros Island and an
unidentified member of Janiridae from Old Providence Island are reported.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 401 An old name for Triptychus pacificus [Un viejo nombre para Triptychus
pacificus] / Lafollette, P.I. In: The Veliger (ISSN 0042-3211), v. 19, no. 3, p. 367. 1977.
Odostomia (Miralda) incantata Hertlein and Strong, 1939 is a synonym and available to replace
Pyramidella (Triptychus) olssoni Bartsch, 1926 (not P. olssoni Maury, 1917). The new combination
Triptychus incantatus (Hertlein and Strong, 1939) is formed and the replacement name, T. pacificus
Corgan, 1973, is placed in synonomy. The range is extended to include the area from Isla San Benito,
Baja California, Mexico to Santa Clara, Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador, including the Galapagos Islands and
Cocos Island in depths of 3-88 m.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 402 Notes on some eastern Pacific stomatopod (Crustacea) with descriptions
of a new genus and two new species of Lysiosquillidae [Apuntes sobre algunos estomatópodos
(Crustacea) del Pacífico oriental con las descripciones de un nuevo género y dos nuevas especies de
Lysiosquillidae] / Manning, R.B.
(National Museum of Natural History / Smithsonian Institution.
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Washington, D.C. 20560, US). In: Proceedings of the Biological
Society of Washington (ISSN 0006-324X), v. 89, no. 16, p. 221-232. 1976.
Neocoronida (type species Coronida Cocosiana Manning, 1972) is described, differing from Coronida in
ocular scales, sculpture of the propods of the 3rd and 4th maxillipeds, marginal armature of the telson
and form of the basal prolongation of the uropods. The type species is known from Cocos Island, E
Pacific, only. N. trachurus (von Martens, 1881), ranges from the Red Sea and Mauritius to Palau, in the
Caroline Archipelago, SW Pacific. Coronida glasselli sp. nov. (type locality, Colombia, Gorgona Island)
and C. schmitti nom. nov. (formerly C. bradyi Schmitt non Milne-Edwards, 1869) are described. C.
glasselli is most like the Atlantic species (Cape Verde Ialands and Gulf of Guinea) C. bradyi (MilneEdwards, 1869) but differs in details of the antennal flagellum, in articulation of the uropodal endopod
and in details of the uropodal exopod. The marked similarities between these 2 spp. is evidence for an
earlier distinct Atlanto-East-Pacific shallow water marine fauna. The distribution of these 2 spp. is
paralleled by that of Squilla aculeata Bigelow, with 1 ssp. in the E Pacific (S. a. aculeata) and 1 ssp. in
the E Atlantic (S. a. calmani Holthuis). Neither Coronida ssp. nor Squilla aculeata are represented in the
W Atlantic. C. schmitti differs from other species in many features. It is discontinuously distributed, with
populations in the Gulf of California and near islands off the coast of South America (La Plata Island,
Ecuador, and the Galapagos Islands), but not in the intervening areas. Pseudosquillopsis marmorata
(Lockington, 1877) also has populations in S California and Galapagos waters. It is replaced off the
South American mainland by P. lessonii (Guerin, 1830). Discovery of the following 4 spp. off La Plata
Island, Ecuador, is a S range extension for each: Gonodactylus bahiahondensis Schmitt, 1940; G. zacae
Manning, 1972; Pseudosquilla adiastalta Manning, 1964; and Meiosquilla oculinova (Glassell, 1942). A
5th species of stomatopod previously known from the E Pacific is Squilla hancocki Schmitt, 1940.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 403 Marine zonation and ecology of Cocos Island off Central America
[Zonificación marina y ecología de la Isla del Coco lejos de Centroamérica] / Bakus, G.J. (University of
202
Southern California. Allan Hancock Foundation, Los Angeles, CA 90007, US). In: Atoll Research Bulletin
(ISSN 0077-5630), no. 179, p. 1-9. 1975.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 404 The ant fauna of Cocos Island, Costa Rica [Fauna de hormigas de la Isla del
Coco, Costa Rica] / Solomon, S.E.; Mikheyev, A.S. (University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, US). In:
Integrative and Comparative Biology (ISSN 1540-7063), v. 43, no. 6, p. 1004. 2003.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 405 Hafnium isotopic variations in volcanic rocks from the Caribbean Large
Igneous Province and Galapagos hot spot tracks / Geldmacher, J.; Hanan, B.B.; Blichert-Toft, J.;
Harpp, K.S.; Hoernle, K.; Hauff, F.; Werner, R.; Kerr, A.C. (Geomar Forschungszentrum. Tethys
Geoconsulting
GmbH,
D-24148
Kiel,
DE
<E-mail:
kharpp@mail.colgate.edu>
<E-mail:
khoernle@geomar.de> <E-mail: werner@geomar.de>). In: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems [an
electronic journal of the earth sciences] (ISSN 1525-2027), v. 4, paper 1062. 2003.
[1] We report Hf isotope compositions of 79 lavas that record the early (similar to5-95 Ma) history of the
Galapagos plume volcanism. These include lavas from the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP;
similar to95-70 Ma), the accreted Galapagos paleo-hot spot track terranes (54-65 Ma) of Costa Rica
(Quepos, Osa and Burica igneous complexes), and the Galapagos hot spot tracks (20 Ma) located on the
Pacific seafloor (Cocos, Carnegie, Malpelo, and Coiba Ridges and associated seamounts). These samples
have previously been well characterized in terms of major and trace elements, Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes and
Ar/Ar ages. As a result of the relative immobility of the high field strength and rare earth elements
during syn- and post-emplacement hydrothermal activity and low-temperature alteration, combined LuHf and Sm-Nd isotope systematics, when used in conjunction with Pb isotopes, provide a particular
powerful tool, for evaluating the source compositions of ancient and submarine lavas. The combined NdHf isotope data suggest that three of the isotopically distinct source components found today in the
Galapagos Islands (the Floreana-like southern component, the Fernandina-like central component, and
the depleted Genovesa-like eastern component) were presentin the CLIP already by 95-70 Ma. The
fourth Pinta-like northern component is first recorded at about 83-85 Ma by volcanism taking place
during the transition from the plume head/CLIP to plume tail stage and has then been present in the hot
spot track continuously thereafter. The identification of the unique northern and southern Galapagos
Plume Hf-Nd-Pb isotope source signatures within the CLIP and the oldest hot spot track lavas provides
direct evidence that the CLIP represents the plume head stage of the Galapagos hot spot. Hafnium
isotopes are consistent with the possibility that two types of sediment components may have contributed
to the Hf, Nd and Pb isotope compositions of the Galapagos plume lavas. One component, characterized
by &UDelta;Pb-207/Pb-204 ≈ 0 and high positive &UDelta;εHf has an isotope signature
indicative of relatively recently recycled pelagic sediment, a signature typical of the southern Galapagos
island Floreana. The other component has an EM like isotopic composition resembling modern seafloor
sediments with positive &UDelta;Pb-207/Pb-204 and lower &UDelta;εHf, a signature typical of
the northern Galapagos island Pinta.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 406 GPS measurement of relative motion of the Cocos and Caribbean plates
and strain accumulation across the Middle America Trench / Dixon, T.H. (University of Miami.
Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Sciences, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, US
<E-mail: tdixon@rsmas.miami.edu>). In: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276), v. 20, no.
20, p. 2167-2170. 1993.
Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements in 1988 and 1991 on Cocos Island (Cocos plate), San
Andres Island (Caribbean plate), and Liberia (Caribbean plate, mainland Costa Rica) provide an estimate
of relative motion between the Cocos and Caribbean plates. The data for Cocos and San Andres Islands,
both located more than 400 km from the Middle America Trench, define a velocity that is equivalent
within two standard errors (7 mm/yr rate, 5 degrees azimuth) to the NUVEL-1 plate motion model. The
data for Liberia, 120 km from the trench, define a velocity that is similar in azimuth but substantially
different in rate from NUVEL-1. The discrepancy can be explained with a simple model of elastic strain
accumulation with a subduction zone that is locked to a relatively shallow (20 ± 5 km) depth.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 407 Anomalously young volcanos on old hot-spot traces. 1. Geology and
petrology of Cocos Island / Castillo, P.R.; Batiza, R.; Vanko, D.A.; Malavassi-Rojas, E.; Barquero, J.;
Fernández, E. (Washington University. Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, St Louis, MO 63130,
US <E-mail: emalava@una.ac.cr>). In: Geological Society of America Bulletin (ISSN 0016-7606), v.
100, no. 9, p. 1400-1414. 1988.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 408 K-AR radiometric ages of lavas from Cocos Island (eastern Pacific) /
Bellon, H.; Sáenz, R.; Tournon, J. (MIRENEM. Dirección de Geología, Minas y Petróleo, San José, CR).
In: Marine Geology (ISSN 0025-3227), v. 54, no. 1/2, p. M17-M23. 1983.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
203
Publicación No.: 409 Cocos Island: verdant treasure [Isla del Coco: tesoro verde] / Canova, P. In:
Sea Frontiers (ISSN 0036-9993), v. 29, no. 3, p. 157-165. 1983.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 410 Découverte de partie d'un trésor enterré sur Ile Cocos [Discovery of part of
a buried treasure on Cocos Island] / Piekalkiewicz, J.; Boucaud, J. In: Historia (ISSN 0018-2281), no.
406, p. 117-126. 1980.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 411 Assessment of global TEC mapping using a three-dimensional elecron
density model / Mannucci, A.J.; Iijima, B.; Sparks, L.; Pi, X.; Wilson, B.; Lindqwister, U. (California
Institute of Technology. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Mail Station 138-308, 4800 Oak Grove Drive,
Pasadena, CA 91109, US <E-mail: tony.mannucci@jpl.nasa.gov>). In: Journal of Atmospheric and
Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISSN 1364-6826), v. 61, p. 1227-1236. 1999.
Dual-frequency transmissions from the Global Positioning System satellites can be used to measure and
map ionospheric total electron content (TEC) on global scales. Using data exclusively from ground-based
GPS networks, global ionosphere mapping has been successfully applied using either two- or threedimensional techniques. Two-dimensional TEC maps retrieve a horizontally-varying distribution of total
electron content, assuming a fixed vertical electron density profile. In three-dimensional mappingboth
the horizontal and vertical distribution density are adjusted to fit the data. We describe a threedimensional TEC mapping algorithm that uses three independent constant-density slabs stacked
vertically to model the electron density, and compare with a more conventional two-dimensional
approach using a single slab. One apparent benefit of the new method is reduction in a level error of the
TEC maps, which decreased by 1.7 TECU using the three-dimensional retrieval on simulated data (1 TEC
Unit corresponds to 10(-16) electrons/m²). Another benefit of the multilayer approach is improved slant
TEC modeling. Using actual data from an equatorial site at Cocos Islands (96.8E, 12.2 S), three slab
modeling improved estimates of slant TEC by a factor of 2for elevation angles between 10 and 20° (9
versus 4.4 TECU, root-mean-square). However, the global structure of the vertical TEC retrievals we
analyzed did not improve using three-dimensional modeling. This may be due to a critical approximation
shared by both techniques that TEC persists unchanged at a given local time. This assumption is
required to produce global maps from observations acquired from widely scattered ground receivers.
Further improving the retrieval of global TEC structure with ground-based data probably requires
improved dynamical models of TEC behavior. New data available from GPS receivers in low Earth orbit is
also promising.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2968.
Publicación No.: 412 The genera of batfishes (Family Ogcocephalidae) [Los géneros de peces
murciélago (Familia Ogcocephalidae)] / Bradbury, M.G. (San Francisco State University. Department of
Biological Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94132, US). In: Copeia (ISSN 0045-8511), v. 1967, no. 2, p.
399-422. 1967.
The illicial skeleton in the Ogcocephalidae is composed of only two elements, a proximal element, the
pterygiophore, and a distal element, the illicial bone. The illicial bone is very short and completely buried
in the tissue of the esca. The morphology of the illicial skeleton is regarded as delineating the genera of
the family and coincides with the esca in showing generic limits. To a lesser degree, the variation in
dentition, gill rakers, frontal bones of the skull, squamation, lateral-line pattern, body shape, and
pupillary operculum aid in segregating species into genera. Of the 12 nominal genera, 9 are considered
valid: Coelophrys (4 species); Halieutopsis (7 species); Dibranchus (13 species); Halieutaea (8 species);
Halieutichthys (2 species); Halicmetus (2 species); Malthopsis (7 species); Ogcocephalus (12 species);
and Zalieutes (2 species).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2931.
Publicación No.: 413 Area and endemism [Área y endemismo] / Anderson, S. (The American
Museum of Natural History. Department of Mammals, New York, N.Y. 10024-5192, US). In: The Quaterly
Review of Biology (ISSN 0033-5770), v. 69, no. 4, p. 451-471. 1994.
There are three major difficulties encountered by those dealing with the phenomenon of endemism: a
semantic problem, the absence of a clear conceptual framework, and an analytical problem. First, the
terms endemic and endemism are used in the literature in unclear or contradictory ways. Often neither
the title nor the abstract of an article makes the meaning clear. Following the usage that tends to prevail
among Anglo-American zoogeographers, a species or other taxon is regarded here as endemic to an
area if it occurs only in that area. To speak of a taxon as endemic in this context without specifying an
area is meaningless. Since geographic ranges of taxa change with time, time must also be specified, or
at least understood. Second, a conceptual model is provided in which only changes in ranges (occurring
fiequently) and speciation (occurring relatively rarely) are seen to change the percentage of endemism
in any given area. At a subsidiary level, many complex factors influence areographic changes and
speciation. Among the more important of these are: distance from source to target area, size of area,
geological age of area, time since isolation, environmental variety and stability, and vagility and
ecological tolerance of organisms being considered. These are not all independent factors. This
complexity leads to the third and still largely unresolved problem, namely how to analyse a global
204
biological system involving processes on both a shorter-term ecological time scale and a longer-term
evolutionary time scale.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2930.
Publicación No.: 414 Contributions to terrestrial magnetism [Contribuciones al magnetismo
terrestre] / Sabine, E. In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (ISSN 0261-0523),
v. 130, p. 129-155. 1840.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2929.
Publicación No.: 415 Revision of Heppiella (Gesneriaceae) [Revisión de Heppiella (Gesneriaceae)]
/ Kvist, L.P. (Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University. Forestry Unit, Thorvaldsensvej 57, DK-1877
Frederiksberg C. (Copenhagen), DK). In: Systematic Botany (ISSN 0363-6445), v. 15, no 4, p. 720-735.
1990. Four species are recognized in the Andean genus Heppiella: H. ulmifolia that ranges from
Colombia to Peru, H. viscida from northwestern Venezuela, H. verticillata from the Eastern Cordillera of
Ecuador and adjacent Colombia, and H. re pens from Ecuador and southern Colombia. The former three
species have allopatric distributions, occur in disturbed habitats, and are terrestrial. Heppiella re pens is
sympatric with H. ulmifolia and H. verticillata, occurs in mist forests, and is usually climbing and
epiphytic. Heppiella has apparently developed from ancestors close to Gloxinia, and this latter genus was
used as an outgroup in a cladistic analysis. The only derived features that the widespread and variable
H. ulmifolia possesses are those that distinguish Heppiella from Gloxinia. The three more restricted
species have no derived features in common, and have apparently evolved independently from
geographically isolated populations of H. ulmifolia.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2926.
Publicación No.: 416 Igneous rocks of the East Pacific Rise / Engel, A.E.J.; Engel, C.G. (University
of California at San Diego. School of Science and Engineering, La Jolla, CA 92093-0208, US). In: Science
(ISSN 0036-8075), v. 146, no. 3643, p. 477-485. 1964.
The apical parts of large volcanoes along the East Pacific Rise (islands and seamounts) are encrusted
with rocks of the alkali volcanic suite (alkali basalt, andesine- and oligoclase-andesite, and trachyte). In
contrast, the more submerged parts of the Rise are largely composed of a tholeiitic basalt which has low
concentrations of K, P, U, Th, Pb, and Ti. This tholeiitic basalt is either the predominant or the only
magma generated in the earth's mantle under oceanic ridges and rises. It is at least 1000-fold more
abundant than the alkali suite, which is probably derived from tholeiitic basalt by magmatic
differentiation in and immediately below the larger volcanoes. Distinction of oceanic tholeiites from
almost all continental tholeiites is possible on the simple basis of total potassium content, with the
discontinuity at 0.3 to 0.5 percent K2O by weight. Oceanic tholeiites also are readily distinguished from
some 19 out of 20 basalts of oceanic islands and seamount cappings by having less than 0.3 percent
K2O by weight and more than 48 percent SiO2. Deep drilling into oceanic volcanoes should, however,
core basalts transitional between the oceanic tholeiites and the presumed derivative alkali basalts. The
composition of the oceanic tholeiites suggests that the mantle under the East Pacific Rise contains less
than 0.10 percent potassium oxide by weight; 0.1 part per million of uranium and 0.4 part of thorium; a
potassium:rubidium ratio of about 1200 and a potassium: uranium ratio of about 10(-4).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2925.
Publicación No.: 417 The Pacific species of the clinid fish genus Paraclinus [Las especies de
peces clínidos del género Paraclinus del Océano Pacífico] / Rosenblatt, R.H.; Parr, T.D. (University of
California. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego 0208, La Jolla, CA 92093-0208, US). In:
Copeia (ISSN 0045-8511), v. 1969, no. 1, p. 1-20. 1969.
The New World genus Paraclinus contains 19 known species, 11 in the Pacific and 8 in the Atlantic. Four
new Pacific species are named here. P. tanygnathus n. sp., P. magdalenae n. sp., P. stephensi n. sp.,
and P. ditrichus n. sp. can be distinguishedon the basis of meristics, color pattern, and details of
squamation. Several of the species of Paraclinus are partially isolated by differential bathymetric ranges.
Most notable in this regard are P. altivelis and P. magdalenae, which are known only frommoderate
depths (25-100 ft). Four species of Paraclinus, P. altivelis, P. magdalenae, P. ditrichus, and P. walkeri
have restricted ranges, being known from one or a few localities. At the other extreme, P. mexicanus is
taken throughout the Panamic faunalprovince. Ten species are known to occur in the northern part of
the Panamic province and three in the southern; part of the disparity may be due to lack of collecting in
Central America and northern South America. P. integripinnis zacae and P. mexicanuscleophensis are
regarded as synonymous with the respective nominate subspecies. Although certain species groups of
Paraclinus may be discerned, none merit subgeneric rank, and relationships between groups are unclear.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2922.
Publicación No.: 418 The worldwide transfer of ants: geographical distribution and ecological
invasions [El traslado mundial de hormigas: distribución geográfica e invasiones ecológicas] / McGlynn,
T.P. (University of San Diego. Department of Biology, 5998 Alcalá Park, San Diego, CA 92110, US <Email: tmcglynn@sandiego.edu>). In: Journal of Biogeography (ISSN 0305-0270), v. 26, no. 3, p. 535548. 1999.
Aim: This is the first comprehensive account of the biogeography of ants transferred and at least
temporarily established outside their native habitat. Location: Using museum and literature records, I
established the distributions of transferred ant species. Methods: used taxonomic and functional groups
to assess how geographical spread as a transferred species is affected by taxonomy and life history.
205
Results: 147 ant species in forty-nine genera have been recorded outside of their native habitat. The
proportion of transferred ants is similar to the number of genera and species in each subfamily. The
species-rich subfamily Myrmicinae contains nearly 50% of all transferred species, while many of the
species-poor subfamilies have absolutely no transferred species. A disproportionate high number of
transferred ants originate from the Neotropical and Oriental biogeographic regions. The Pacific Islands
are the recipients of the most transferred ant species. Most transferred ants belong to the
CRYPTIC,OPPORTUNIST, and GENERALIZED MYRMICINE functional groups, while there are no recorded
transfers of army ants or leaf-cutting ants. Both invasive and human commensal 'tramp' ant species are
nonrandom subsets of transferred ants. Main conclusions: 'Tramp' species and invasive species tend to
have widespread geographical distributions, and share life history characteristics including queen
number, nest structure, and foraging behaviour. Combining observations of functional groups and
biogeography may lead to a better understanding of the factors contributing to the spread of transferred
species.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2923.
Publicación No.: 419 The "niche-variation" hypothesis: a test and alternatives [La hipótesis de
"variación del nicho": una prueba y alternativas] / Soulé, M.E.; Stewart, B.R. (University of California at
San Diego. Department of Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, US). In: The American Naturalist (ISSN 00030147), v. 104, no. 935, p. 85-97. 1970.
1. It is highly anthropocentric to speak of the width of ecological niches. This and other reasons militate
against the utility of the idea. 2. There seems to be no correlation in birds between the variety of foods
taken and the variation of bill characters. Hence, the "niche width-variation model" is rejected for
complex characters. 3. One or more of the following is likely to cause unusually high variability of a
canalized character in a morph of a stable population: (a) immigration from genetically different
populations, (b) directional selection affecting the exposure of theretofore hidden genetic variation, (c)
mixing individuals from different localities (artifactual variation). 4. It is suggested that a permanent
high level of variation in acomplex character, even if "adaptive," is improbable because other characters
overlap its genetic and epigenetic base and stabilizing selection on these related characters will set limits
on its flexibility. 5. It follows from (4) that the fewer the genes influencing a character, or the fewer it
shares with other characters, the greater its freedom to vary.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2916.
Publicación No.: 420 Notes on Panamanian trees and shrubs collected in 1971 by L.R.
Holdridge and others [Apuntes sobre los árboles y arbustos panameños colectados en 1971 por L.R.
Holdridge y otros] / Dwyer, J.D. (Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299,
US). In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (ISSN 0026-6493), v. 59, no. 2, p. 247-261. 1972.
The following is a list of trees and shrubs collected by L. R. Holdridge, E. A. Lao, L. Maasola, and A.
Gentry during the spring and summer of 1971 in the Republic of Panama. All the collections were made
at approximately sealevel; the few collected at or above 100 m will be noted in the list. No collection was
made above 650 m. Collections of the following families seem especially important: Humariaceae,
Lauraceae, Myristicaceae, and Sapotaceae. Some material was identified in the sterile state by Dr.
Holdridge and possibly by his colleagues; the sterile collections are recognized in the list by the asterisk
(*) placed before the collector's name. Among the more than 180 collections in the list one encounters
47 localities in Panama. For the sake of convenience the localities have been segregated along provincial
lines and listed below, with each locality being given a number. The number is placed in parentheses
following the collector and his collection number.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2970.
Publicación No.: 421 Patterns of cetacean sighting distribution in the Pacific Exclusive
Economic Zone of Costa Rica based on data collected from 1979-2001 [Patrones de distribución
de avistamientos de cetáceos en la Zona Económica Exclusiva del Pacífico de Costa Rica con base a
datos colectados entre 1979-2001] / May-Collado, L.J.; Gerrodette, T.; Calambokidis, J.; Rasmussen, K.;
Sereg, I. (Florida International University. Department of Biology, UP 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL
33199, US <E-mail: lmayc002@fiu.edu> <E-mail: calambokidis@cascadiaresearch.org>). In: Revista de
Biología Tropical (ISSN 0034-7744), v. 53, no. 1/2, p. 249-263. 2005.
Nineteen species of cetaceans (families Balaenopteridae, Kogiidae, Physeteridae, Ziphiidae and
Delphinidae) occur in the Costa Rican Pacific Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Based on data recorded
from the EEZ by the Southwest Fisheries Service Center,Cascadia Research Collective, and CIMAR
between 1979-2001, we mapped the distribution of 18 cetacean species. Our results suggest that the
majority of the cetacean species use primarily oceanic waters, particularly those species within the
families Balaenopteridae, Kogiidae, Physeteridae and Ziphiidae. Members of the family Delphinidae
showed a wide variety of distribution patterns: seven species are widespread throughout the EEZ, four
appear to be exclusively pelagic, and two are primarily coastal. Overall, three cetacean species appear to
have populations concentrated in coastal waters: Stenella attenuata graffmani, Tursiops truncatus, and
Megaptera novaeangliae. These three may be more susceptible to human activities due to the overlap of
their ranges with fishery areas (tuna and artisanal Fisheries), and an uncontrolled increase of touristic
whale watching activities in several parts of their range. The distribution maps represent the first
comprehensive representation of cetacean species that inhabit Costa Rican Pacific waters. They provide
essential base-line information that may be used to initiate conservation and management efforts of the
habitats where these animals reproduce and forage.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: R. NBINA-3145.
206
Publicación No.: 422 The Anthocoridae of the Galápagos and Cocos Islands (Hemiptera) [Los
Anthocoridae de las Islas Galápagos y del Coco (Hemiptera)] / Herring, J.L. In: Proceedings of the
Entomological Society of Washington (ISSN 0013-8797), v. 68, p. 127-130. 1966.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 423 The genus Clidemia in Mexico and Central America [El género Clidemia en
México y Centroamérica] / Gleason, H.A. In: Brittonia (ISSN 0007-196X), v. 3, no. 2, p. 97-140. 1939.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2933.
Publicación No.: 424 Zigzagging the South Seas [Zigzagueando los Mares del Sur] / Anderson, I.
Boston: Bruce Humphries, Inc, 1936. 262 pp.
["Cocos, a treasure island," pp. 34-54, 3 pls.].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 425 Malpelo, Cocos, and Easter islands. Handbooks prepared under the
direction of the historical section of the foreign office [Malpelo, Coco e islas orientales. Manuales
preparados bajo la dirección de la sección histórica de la oficina para el extranjero] / Anonymous.
London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1920. no. 141, p. 1-30.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 426 Cocos Island: Lost treasure stirs an international feud [Isla del Coco:
Tesoro perdido mueve a un feundo internacional] / Anonymous. In: Nem-Week, v. 4, no. 16, p. 15.
1934.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 427 Treasure seekers arrested [Arrestados buscadores de tesoro] / Anonymous.
In: Literary Digest, v. 18, p. 8. 1934.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 428 Third presidential cruise of the U.S.S. Houston, Captain G.N. Barker,
U.S.N., commanding. Printed on board the U.S.S. Houston [Tercer crucero presidencial del U.S.S.
Houston, comandado por el Capitán G.N. Barker de la Marina de los EE.UU. Impreso a bordo del U.S.S.
Houston] / Anonymous. 1938. p. 1-75.
[Concerning Cocos Island, see pp. 58-59, 3 illustr.].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 429 Cocos Island is still largely unknown world [La Isla del Coco todavía es un
mundo en gran parte desconocido] / Anonymous. In: Science News Letter (ISSN 0036-8423), v. 35, no.
13, p. 218. 1939.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 430 Cocos Island-Old pirates' haven, to be U.S. war plane base? [Isla del CocoViejo escondite de piratas, ¿para ser una base aérea de guerra de los EE.UU.?] / Anonymous. In: San
Francisco Examiner, v. 171, no. 2, "The American Weekly" (Magazine Section), p. 10-11. 1939.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 431 Costa Rica: Authenticated fake [expeditions to Cocos] [Costa Rica:
Imitación autenticada [las expediciones a la Isla del Coco]] / Anonymous. In: Newsweek (ISSN 00289604), v. 42, no. 19, p. 50. 1953.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 432 Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central.
America to the Galápagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge
of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross, Lieut.
Commander Z. L. Tanner, commanding [Informes de las operaciones de dragado fuera de la costa
oriental de Centroamérica a las Galápagos, en la costa oriental de México y en el Golfo de California, a
cargo de Alexander Agassiz, llevado a cabo por el vapor Albatross de la Comisión de Pesca de los
EE.UU., dirigida por el Teniente Comandante Z.L. Tanner] / Aqassiz, A. In: Bulletin of the Museum of
Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, v. 23, no. 1, p. 1-89. 1892.
[Concerning Cocos Island, see p. 13, pl. 13].
Localización: No disponible.
207
Publicación No.: 433 Faune malacologique terrestre de l'Ile des Cocos dans l'0céan Pacifique
[Fauna malacológica terrestre de la Isla del Coco en el Océano Pacífico] / Ancey, C.F. In: Journal de
Conchyliologie (ISSN 0021-7719), v. 51, no. 2, p. 97-104. 1903.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 434 Contribution to the biogeography of Cocos Island, including a
bibliography [Contribución a la biogeografía de la Isla del Coco, incluyendo una bibliografía] / Hertlein,
L.G. (California Academy of Sciences. Department of Paleontology, San Francisco, CA 94118, US). In:
Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, Fourth Series (ISSN 0068-547X), v. 32, no. 8, p. 219289. 1963.
Contiene lista de especies pertenecientes a diferentes fila, incluyendo artrópodos de las clases
Crustacea, Myriapoda, Arachnida e Insecta. De este último grupo, algunos isópodos, cicádicos, avispas y
hormigas, principalmente. Incluye una extensa bibliografía sobre la Isla del Coco.
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 1446.
Publicación No.: 435 Un demi-millénaire d'évolution de la faune de vertébrés de l'Île Cocos
(Costa Rica, Prinoine Mondial) [Half a millenium of vertebrate evolution on Coco Island (Costa Rica,
World Heritage)] / Montoya-Maquin, J.M.; Pascal, M. (Fundación Amigos de la Isla del Coco, Apdo postal
6327,
1000
San
José,
CR
<E-mail:
michelmontoya@correo.co.cr>
<E-mail:
michel.pascal@rennes.inra.fr>). In: Revue D'Ecologie: La Terre et la Vie (ISSN 0249-7395), v. 60, no.
3, p. 211-222. 2005.
History and modalities of alien species introductions are major information sources for scientists and
managers that have in charge ecological restoration programmes. The present paper synthesizes the
evolution of the Coco Island vertebrate fauna since its discovery by Europeans, between 1531 and 1542.
Restricted to species that reproduced there, this synthesis was elaborated with the aim of contributing to
a comprehensive, long-term strategy for introduced species management in this island. Presently,
among the 26 vertebrate species hosted by the island, 7 are allochthonous (27%). Among the 21
species that were introduced during the last half millennium (11 mammals and 10 birds), 7 (6 mammals
and one bird) are always present and reproduce, that is to say 33% of the total. This percentage is more
then three times higher than the percentage given by the empirical 10% rule. Among all the
allochthonous species, only the two Rattus were non-intentionally introduced. The insular autochthonous
vertebrate fauna is totally deprived of mammals and encompasses 42% of endemic species. Available
data do not allow the conclusion that autochthonous species may have disappeared since the discovery
of the island by Europeans. During the last half millennium, man has dramatically and deliberately
modified the Coco Island vertebrate fauna in spite of its geographical isolation, far from the main trading
routes and without any harbour and perennial human settlements.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-3182.
Publicación No.: 436 Polychaetous annelids. Part I. Aphroditidae to Pisionidae [Anélidos
poliquetos. Parte I. Aphroditidae a Pisionidae] / Hartman, O. In: Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, v. 7,
no. 1, p. 1-155. 1939.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 10, 16, 17, 59, 61, 74].
Localización: Biblioteca OET: P.
Publicación No.: 437 Polychaetous Annelids. Part II. Chrysopetalidae to Goniadidae [Anélidos
poliquetos. Parte II. Chrysopetalidae a Goniadidae] / Hartman, O. In: Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions,
v. 7, no. 3, p. 173-287. 1940.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 190, 205].
Localización: Biblioteca OET: P.
Publicación No.: 438 Report on fishes from Allan Hancock Expeditions in the California
Academy of Sciences [Informe sobre peces de la Academia de Ciencias de California de las
Expediciones de Allan Hancock] / Seale, A. In: Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, v. 9, no. 1, p. 1-46.
1940.
(Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 35, 45).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: P.
Publicación No.: 439 New ophiurans of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions / Ziesenhenne,
F.C. In: Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, v. 8, no. 2, p. 9-59. 1940.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 12, 30].
Localización: Biblioteca OET: P.
Publicación No.: 440 Four new genera and ten new species of eels from the Pacific Coast of
tropical America [Cuatro nuevos géneros y diez nuevas especies de anguilas de la costa Pacífica de
América tropical] / Myers, G.S.; Wade, C.B. In: Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, v. 9, no. 4, p. 65111. 1941.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 75, 85].
Localización: Biblioteca OET: P.
Publicación No.: 441 General account of the scientific work of the Velero III in the eastern
Pacific, 1931-41. Part II. Geographical and Biological Associations [Relato general del trabajo
208
científico del Velero III en el Pacífico oriental, 1931-41. Parte II. Asociaciones geográficas y biológicas] /
Fraser, C.M. In: Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, v. 1, no. 2, p. 49-258. 1943.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: P.
Publicación No.: 442 A report on the Echini of the warmer eastern Pacific, based on the
collections of the Velero III [Informe de los Echini del Pacífico oriental cálido, con base a las
colecciones del Velero III] / Clark, H.L. In: Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, v. 8, no. 5, p. 225-352.
1948.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 226, 229, 235, 294, 296, 297, 330, 342, 344, 348].
Localización: Biblioteca OET: P.
Publicación No.: 443 Stony corals of the eastern Pacific collected by the Velero III and Velero
IV [Corales pedregosos del Pacífico oriental colectados por el Velero III y el Velero IV] / Durham, J.W.;
Barnard, J.L. In: Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, v. 16, no. 1, p. 1-110. 1952.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 30, 36, 42, 53, 58, 73, 103].
Localización: Biblioteca OET: P.
Publicación No.: 444 New species of tropical eastern Pacific Gastropoda [Nuevas especies de
Gastropoda del Pacífico oriental tropical] / McLean, J.H. In: Malacological Review (ISSN 0076-3004), v.
2, p. 115-130. 1970.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 445 A new species of the gastropod genus Morum from the eastern Pacific
Ocean [Una nueva especie de gastrópodo del género Morum del Océano Pacífico oriental] / Emerson,
W.K. In: Journal de Conchyliologie (ISSN 0021-7719), v. 107, no. 1, p. 53-55. 1968.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 446 Un nuevo género de Atyidae (Crustacea, Decapoda) procedente de la Isla
de Cocos [A new genus of Atyidae (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Cocos Island] / Villalobos, A.F. In:
Anales del Instituto de Biología. Serie Zoología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (ISSN 03688720), v. 30, p. 331-347. 1959.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 447 Additional records from Cocos Island [Registros adicionales de la Isla del
Coco] / Emerson, W.K.; Old, W.E. In: The Nautilus (ISSN 0028-1344), v. 77, p. 90-92. 1964.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 448 Scolytidae from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. 28th contribution to
the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea [Scolytidae de las Islas Galápagos y del Coco.
(Contribución 28 a la morfología y taxonomía de los Scolytoidea)] / Schedl, K.E. (Osterreich Forstliche
Bundes-Versuchsanstalt Lienz, Osttirol, AT). In: Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment (ISSN
0165-0521), v. 9, p. 47-53. 1974.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 449 The olive stranger from Cocos Island / Zeigler, R.F. In: Hawaiian Shell News
(ISSN 0017-8624), v. 28, no. 7, p. 12. 1980.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 450 World atlas of coral reefs [Atlas mundial de arrecifes coralinos] / Spalding,
M.D.; Ravilious, C.; Green, E.P. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2001. ISBN: 0520232550.
Coral reefs are one of the most biologically diverse habitats in the world, host to an extraordinary variety
of marine plants and animals. They are also one of the world's most fragile and endangered ecosystems.
The growth of mass tourism, combined with the boom in popularity of scuba diving, has brought these
spectacular ecosystems to public attention across the planet. Coral reefs provide essential fish habitat,
support endangered and threatened species, and harbor protected marine mammals and turtles. They
are a significant source of food, provide income and employment through tourism and marine recreation,
and offer countless other benefits to humans, including supplying compounds for pharmaceuticals. Yet
coral reefs around the world are rapidly being degraded by a number of human activities, such as
overfishing, coastal development, and the introduction of sewage, fertilizer, and sediment. "World Atlas
of Coral Reefs "provides the first detailed and definitive account of the current state of our planet's coral
reefs. With its wealth of authoritative and up-to-date information, the finest maps available, and detailed
descriptive texts and images by leading experts, this full-color volume will be a critical resource for
anyone interested in these vital environments. "World Atlas of Coral Reefs "contains eighty four full-page
newly researched and drawn color maps, together with more than two hundred color photos illustrating
reefs, reef animals, and images taken from space by NASA astronauts during the 2000 and 2001 space
209
shuttle flights. The authors provide a wealth of information on the geography, biodiversity, and human
uses of coral reefs, as well as details about the threats to their existence.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 451 My twenty years on Cocos Island [Mis veinte años en la Isla del Coco] /
Gissler, A. Rye, N.Y: Foul Anchor Archives
[Manuscript deposited in Foul Anchor Archives, according to R. I. Nesmith, 1958].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 452 The lost treasure of Cocos Island [El tesoro perdido de la Isla del Coco] /
Hancock, R.H.; Weston, J.A. Edinburgh; New York; Toronto: Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1960. 325 pp.
[Contains a summary of main expeditions to recover treasure].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 453 Report on an investigation of poisonous and venomous fishes at Cocos,
Galápagos and La Plata islands during December 4, 1952 to 28th of January 1953 [Informe
sobre una investigación de los peces venenosos en las islas del Coco, Galápagos y La Plata del 4 de
Diciembre de 1952 al 28 de Enero de 1953] / Halstead, B.W.; Bunker, N.C., 1953.
[Concerning Cocos Island, see pp. 3-6].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 454 Report on Cocos [Informe sobre la Isla del Coco] / Gueydon, H.L. (Conde de).
In: Pacific Discovery (ISSN 0030-8641), v. 1, no. 6, p. 8-14. 1948. [Translation by T. R. KelleY].
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 455 A visit to the Cocos and Galápagos islands on board the Blue Dolphin [Una
visita a la Isla del Coco y la Galápagos a bordo del Delfín Azul] / Coolidge, A. Boston, MA: privately
printed, 1933. 104 pp. [not paginated].
[16 pp. of text and 25 illustrations taken at or near Cocos Island].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 456 Our search for the missing millions (of Cocos Island) by one of the
searchers. Being an account of a curious cruise, and a more than curious character [Nuestra
búsqueda de los millones perdidos (de la Isla del Coco) por uno de los buscadores. Siendo un relato de
un crucero curioso, y más que un carácter curioso] / Chetwood, J. San Francisco, CA: The South Sea
Bubble Co., 1904. 210 pp.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 17-30].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 457 Cocos Island venture [Aventura en la Isla del Coco] / Briggs, M. Los Angeles,
CA: Borden Publishing Co., 1950. 214 pp.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 458 Cocos - The isle of pirates [Coco - La isla de piratas] / Beebe, W.; Rose, R. In:
The Arcturus adventure. An account of the New York Zoological Society's first oceanographic expedition.
Beebe, W. (ed.) New York and London: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1926. p. 220-249.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 321-323, 410-412, 435].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 459 The pirate gold on Cocos Island [El oro del pirata en la Isla del Coco] /
Antrobus, E. In: Coronet (ISSN 0010-8936), v. 28, p. 146-148. 1950.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 460 The Templeton Crocker Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences,
1932. No. 8. Mosses of the Templeton Crocker Expedition collected by John Thomas Howell
and lists of mosses known from the Galápagos Islands and from Cocos Island [La Expedición
Templeton Crocker de la Academia de Ciencias de California en 1932. No. 8. Musgos de la Expedición
Templeton Crocker colectados por John Thomas Howell y listas de musgos conocidos de las Islas
Galápagos y de la Isla del Coco] / Bartram, E.B. In: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences
(ISSN 0068-547X), Fourth Series, v. 21, no. 8, p. 75-86. 1933.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 461 Notes from Clipperton and Cocos islands [Apuntes sobre las Islas Clipperton
y del Coco] / Beck, R.H. In: The Condor (ISSN 0010-5422), v. 9, no. 4, p. 109-110. 1907.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
210
Publicación No.: 462 Eastern Pacific expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XXV.
Fishes from the tropical Eastern Pacific [From Cedros Island, Lower California, South to the
Galápagos Islands and northern Peru]. Part 2. Sharks [Expediciones al Pacífico oriental de la Sociedad
Zoológica de Nueva York. XXV. Peces del Pacífico oriental tropical [De la Isla Cedros, Baja California, Sur
hacia las Islas Galápagos y el norte de Perú]. Parte 2. Tiburones] / Beebe, W.; van Tee, J. In:
Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society, v. 26, pt. 2, no. 15, p. 93-122.
1941.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 101, 111-113, 120].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 463 Geology of Galápagos, Cocos, and Easter islands [Geología de las Islas
Galápagos, del Coco e islas orientales] / Chubb, L.J. In: Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin (ISSN 00059439), no. 110, p. 1-67. 1933.
[Concerning Cocos Island; see pp. 25-30, fig. 6, pl. 3, fig. B].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 464 Some hepaticae from the
islands [Algunas hepáticas de las Islas Galápagos, del
In: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences
p. 593-624. 1953.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 599,
611].
Localización: No disponible.
Galápagos, Cocos, and other Pacific Coast
Coco y otras islas de la costa Pacífica] / Clark, L.
(ISSN 0068-547X), Fourth Series, v. 27, no. 18,
601, 602, 603, 604, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610,
Publicación No.: 465 A new palm from Cocos Island collected on the Presidential Cruise of
1938 [Una nueva palma de la Isla del Coco colectada durante el Crucero Presidencial de 1938] / Cook,
O.F. In: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections (publ. 3532), v. 98, no. 7, p. 1-26. 1939.
The material for the study of the Cocos Island endemic palm Rooseveltina, new genus, was obtained in
August, 1938, by Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt, of the United States National Museum, during the cruise of
President Roosevelt on the U.S.S. Houston. The young men of the landing party cut down a mature palm
in the forest and helped to bring back a generous series of specimens, including large sections of the
trunk and leaves, entire inflorescences, seeds and seedlings, with numerous photographs.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 466 History of the Coconut Palm in America [Historia de la palma de coco en
América] / Cook, O.F. In: Contributions from the United States National Herbarium (ISSN 0097-1618),
v. 14, pt. 2, p. 271-342. 1910.
[See "The Palms of Cocos Island," pp. 291-296].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 467 Pirates ahoy! The perennial treasure hunters of Cocos Island [¡Piratas a la
vista! Los perennes cazadores del tesoro de la Isla del Coco] / Driscoll, C.B. In: San Francisco Chronicle
(ISSN 0363-7816), v. 139, no. 151, Sunday magazine section, p. 8. 1931.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 468 Scientific results of the Galápagos-Expedition 1953-54 of the
International Institute for Submarine Research, Vaduz (Liechtenstein), leader, Dr. Hans Hass.
Corals from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands [Resultados científicos de la Expedición a las
Galápagos 1953-54 del Instituto Internacional para la Investigación Submarina, Vaduz (Liechtenstein),
líder, Dr. Hans Hass. Corales de las Islas Galápagos y del Coco] / Durham, J.W. In: Proceedings of the
California Academy of Sciences (ISSN 0068-547X), Fourth Series, v. 32, no. 2, p. 41-56. 1962.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 469 Formiche dell' Isola Cocos. Rendiconto delle session della R. Accademia
della Scienze dell' Instituto di Bologna [Hormigas de la Isla del Coco. Relato de las sesiones de la
Real Academia de Ciencias del Instituto de Bolonia] / Emery, C. In: Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Nuova
serie, v. 23 (1918-19), p. 36-40. 1919.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see p. 40].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 470 The species of middle American birds [Las especies de aves
centroamericanas] / Eisenmann, E. (American Museum of Natural History. Department of Ornithology,
Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, US). In: Transactions of the Linnaean
Society of New York, v. 7, p. 1-128. 1955.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 68, 89, 102].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 471 Quatre notices myrmécologiques [Cuatro noticias mirmecológicas] / Forel, A.
In: Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique (ISSN 0774-5915), v. 46, p. 170-182. 1902.
(No abstract).
211
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 472 Fourmis de Costa-Rica récoltées par M. Paul Biolley [Hormigas de Costa
Rica recolectadas por el Sr. Paul Biolley] / Forel, A. In: Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences
Naturelle (ISSN 0037-9603), v. 44, no. 162 (ser. 5), p. 35-72. 1908.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 473 Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Galápagos
Islands, 1905-1906. No. VIII. The birds of the Galápagos Islands, with observations on the
birds of Cocos and Clipperton islands (Columbiformes to Pelecaniformes) [Expedición de la
Academia de Ciencias de California a las Islas Galápagos, 1905-1906. VIII. Las aves de las Islas
Galápagos, con observaciones sobre las aves de las Islas del Coco y Clipperton (Columbiformes a
Pelecaniformes)] / Gifford, E.W. In: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (ISSN 0068547X), Fourth Series, v. 2, no. 1, p. 1-132. 1913.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 474 Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Galápagos
Islands, 1905-1906. XIII. Field notes on the land birds of the Galápagos Islands and of Cocos
Island, Costa Rica [Expedición de la Academia de Ciencias de California a las Islas Galápagos, 19051906. XIII. Notas de campo sobre aves terrestres de las Islas Galápagos y del Coco, Costa Rica] /
Gifford, E.W. In: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (ISSN 0068-547X), Fourth Series,
v. 2, pt. 2, no. 13, p. 189-258. 1919.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 193, 195, 200, 205, 216, 242].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 475 A report on the poisonous fishes captured during the Woodrow G. Krieger
Expedition to Cocos Island [Informe sobre los peces venenosos capturados durante la Expedición
Woodrow G. Krieger a la Isla del Coco] / Halstead, B.W.; Schall, D.W. In: Pacific Science (ISSN 00308870), v. 10, no. 1, p. 103-109. 1956.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 476 West American mollusks of the genus Conus [Moluscos occidentales
americanos del género Conus] / Hanna, G.D.; Strong, A.M. In: Proceedings of the California Academy of
Sciences (ISSN 0068-547X), Fourth Series, v. 26, no. 9, 247 pp. 1949.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 269, 271, 272, 305].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 477 Mollusks and barnacles from Malpelo and Cocos islands [Moluscos y
percebes de las islas Malpelo y del Coco] / Hertlein, L.G. (California Academy of Sciences. Department of
Paleontology, San Francisco, CA 94118, US). In: The Nautilus (ISSN 0028-1344), v. 46, no. 2, p. 43-45.
1932.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 478 La Isla del Coco: perspectiva histórica y análisis de una leyenda / AriasSánchez, R.F. San José: Universidad de Costa Rica, 1993. [200 pp]. Tesis, Licenciatura en Historia,
Universidad de Costa Rica. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Escuela de Historia y Geografía (San José,
Costa Rica).
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca Luis D. Tinoco: Tesis 14613.
Publicación No.: 479 Informe sobre la Isla del Coco. Memoria presentada al Congreso
Constitutional por el Secretario de Estado en los despachos de Guerra y Marina, General don
Juan B. Quirós / Passmore, R. Mc. C. San José: Tipografía Nacional, 1895. p. 30-34.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 480 Dig for pirate treasure [Excavación por el tesoro del pirata] / Nesmith, R.I.
New York: The Devin-Adair Co., 1958. pp. I-XIV, 1-302, pls. A-G, 9 line cuts including maps on inside
front and back covers.
[Concerning Cocos Island, see pp. 11, 18, 101, 125, 163, 206-256, 264, 287, map p. 251].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 481 On the track of a treasure. The story of an adventurous expedition to the
Pacific Island of Cocos in search of a treasure of untold value hidden by pirates [Tras la huella
de un tesoro. La historia de una expedición aventurera a la Isla del Coco del Pacífico en busca de un
tesoro de valor incalculable escondido por piratas] / de Montmorency, H. London: Hurst. & Blackett,
1904. 290 pp.
(No abstract).
212
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 482 Die Fauna der Cocosinsel [Fauna de la Isla del Coco] / Kobelt, W.
Nachrichtsblatt der Deutsehen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, Jahrg. 31, no. 1/2, p. 26-28. 1899.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
In:
Publicación No.: 483 Une ile déserte du Pacifique. L'Ile des Cocos (Amérique) [Una isla desolada
del Pacífico. La Isla del Coco (América)] / Lièvre, M.D. In: Revue de Géographie (Paris), tome 32, p.
349-357; p. 416-422; tome 33, p. 34-41. 1893.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 484 Die Meeres-Conchylien der Cocos-Insel / von Martens, E. In: SitzungsBericht der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, Sitzung vom 17 Juni, 1902, no. 6, p. 137141. 1902.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 485 Six months on a deserted island [Seis meses en una isla desolada] / Palliser,
E.; Brawner, G.; Stachwick, P. In: The American Magazine, v. 113, no. 2, p. 18-21, 132-135. 1932.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 486 Studies on the genus Olivella [Estudios sobre el género Olivella] / Olsson, A.A.
In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ISSN 0097-3157), v. 108, p. 155225. 1956.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see p. 180].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 487 Apuntamientos preliminares sobre la Isla de Cocos, posesión
costarricense en el Océano Pacífico / Pittier-Dormond, H. San José: Ministerio de Fomento, 1899. p.
141-153.
[Memoria de Fomento presentada al Congreso Constitucional de 1899].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 488 A report on the family Arcidae (Pelecypoda) [Informe sobre la familia
Arcidae (Pelecypoda)] / Rost, H. In: Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, v. 20, no. 2, p. 177-248. 1955.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see p. 227].
Localización: Biblioteca OET: P.
Publicación No.: 489 A report on the family Mytilidae (Pelecypoda) [Informe sobre la familia
Mytilidae (Pelecypoda)] / Soot-Ryen, T. In: Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, v. 20, no. 1, p. 1-174.
1955.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 130, 141].
Localización: Biblioteca OET: P.
Publicación No.: 490 Land and brackish water Mollusca of Cocos Island [Moluscos terrestres y de
agua salobre de la Isla del Coco] / Hanna, G.D.; Hertlein, L.G. In: Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, v.
2, no. 8, p. 123-135. 1938.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: P.
Publicación No.: 491 A report on some arenaceous Foraminifera / Cushman, J.A.; McCulloch, I.
In: Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, v. 6, no. 1, p. 1-113. 1939.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 60, 69, 79, 96, 104, 106, 112].
Localización: Biblioteca OET: P.
Publicación No.: 492 Some Textulariidae of the Pacific Ocean [Algunos Textulariidae del Océano
Pacífico] / Lalicker, C.G.; McCulloch, I. In: Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, v. 6, no. 2, p. 115-143.
1940.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 119, 126, 127, 137, 140].
Localización: Biblioteca OET: P.
Publicación No.: 493 Distribution studies of Galápagos Brachyura [Estudios de distribución de los
Brachyura de las Galápagos] / Garth, J.S. In: Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, v. 5, no. 11, p. 603638. 1946.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 621, 622, 623].
Localización: Biblioteca OET: P.
213
Publicación No.: 494 Hydroids of the 1932, 1933, 1935, and 1939 Allan Hancock Pacific
Expeditions [Hydroides de las Expediciones al Pacífico de Allan Hancok de los años 1932, 1933, 1935 y
1939] / Fraser, C.M. In: Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, v. 4, no. 3, p. 129-153. 1938.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 132, 133].
Localización: Biblioteca OET: P.
Publicación No.: 495 Hydroids of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions since March, 1938
[Hydroides de las Expediciones al Pacífico de Allan Hancock desde Marzo, 1938] / Fraser, C.M. In: Allan
Hancock Pacific Expeditions, v. 4, no. 5, p. 179-335. 1948.
(No abstract).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: P.
Publicación No.: 496 Some Lagenidae in the collections of the Allan Hancock Foundation
[Algunos Lagenidae en las colecciones de la Fundación Allan Hancock] / Cushman, J.A.; McCulloch, I.
In: Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, v. 6, no. 6, p. 295-364. 1950.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 309, 315, 317, 327, 352].
Localización: Biblioteca OET: P.
Publicación No.: 497 The voyage of the Herman [El viaje del Herman] / Wright, T.; Sutton, U. New
York: Hawthorne Books, 1966. 284 pp.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 498 A new voyage round the world (with an introduction by Sir Albert Gray)
[Un nuevo viaje alrededor del mundo (con una introducción de Sir Albert Gray)] / Dampier, W. London:
Argonaut Press, 1927. 376 pp.
[Concerning Cocos Island, see pp. 83, 111].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 499 My greatest adventure; searching for pirate treasure in Cocos Island [Mi
más grande aventura; buscando el tesoro del pirata en la Isla del Coco] / Campbell, M., (Sir). London:
T. Butterworth, Ltd., 1931. 260 pp.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 500 Searching for treasure in Cocos Island [Buscando el tesoro en la Isla del
Coco] / Campbell, M., (Sir). New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 1932. 279 pp.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 501 A pioneer heritage [Una herencia pionera] / Clover, S.T. Los Angeles, CA:
Saturday Night Publishing Co., 1932. 291 pp.
A biography of Allan Hancock, a descendant of two distinguished California pioneers, Count Agostin
Haraszthy and Major Henry Hancock [Concerning Cocos Island, see pp. 143-144, 209-211].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 502 Epinephelus clippertonensis, a new species of serranid fish from the
tropical eastern Pacific [Epinephelus clippertonensis, una nueva especie de pez serránido del Pacífico
oriental tropical] / Allen, G.R.; Robertson, D.R. (Western Australian Museum. Department of Aquatic
Vertebrates, Francis St., Perth, WA 6000, AU). In: Revue Française d'Aquariologie et Herpetologie, v. 26,
no. 1/2, p. 11-15. 1999.
A new species of grouper, Epinephelus clippertonensis, is described from several hundred specimens
collected at Clipperton atoll, an isolated reef 1,100 km offshore from Mexico in the tropical eastern
Pacific. It differs from its presumed sister species, E. labriformis, which occurs elsewhere throughout the
eastern Pacific, in (i) several aspects of its color pattern, (ii) the size and number of scales on the body,
(iii) the occurrence of scales on the maxillary, and (iv) the relative interorbital width of large adults.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-3201.
Publicación No.: 503 Tardigrada from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands [Tardigrada de las Islas
Galápagos y del Coco] / Schuster, R.O.; Grigarick, A.A. In: Proceedings of the California Academy of
Sciences (ISSN 0068-547X), Fourth Series, v. 34, no. 5, p. 315-328. 1966.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 504 Coelenterates collected on the Presidential cruise of 1938 [Celenterados
colectados en el crucero Presidencial de 1938] / Deichmann, E.
In: Smithsonian Miscellaneous
Collections, v. 99, no. 10, p. 1-17. 1941.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see p. 13].
Localización: No disponible.
214
Publicación No.: 505 Additions to the insular land-shell faunas of the Pacific Coast, especially
of the Galápagos and Cocos islands / Dall, W.H. In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia (ISSN 0097-3157), v. 52, p. 88-106. 1900.
[Concerning species from Cocos Island, see pp. 96-99].
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 506 The Terebridae (Gastropoda) of Clarion-Socorro, Cocos, and Galápagos
Islands [Los Terebridae (Gastropoda) de las Islas Clarion-Socorro, del Coco y Galápagos] / Bratcher,
T.; Burch, R.D. In: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (ISSN 0068-547X), Fourth Series,
v. 37, p. 537-565. 1971.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 507 Euptyctimous mites from the Galapagos Islands, Cocos Island, and
Central America (Acari: Oribatida) / Niedbala, W.; Schatz, H. (Adam Mickiewicz University at Poznan.
Department of Animal Taxonomy & Ecology, Szamarzewskiego 91A, PL-60059 Poznan, PL <E-mail:
niedbala@amu.edu.pl>). In: Genus (ISSN 0867-1710), v. 7, no. 2, p. 239-317. 1996.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 508 The Templeton Crocker Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences,
1932. No. 13. Diptera [La Expedición Templeton Crocker de la Academia de Ciencias de California,
1932. No. 13. Diptera] / Curran, C.H. In: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (ISSN
0068-547X), Fourth Series, v. 23, p. 147-172. 1934.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 509 In search of Thais planospira [En búsqueda de Thais planospira] / Everson, G.
In: The Festivus (ISSN 0738-9388), v. 16, no. 10, p. 113-114. 1984.
(No abstract).
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 510 Análisis de la distribución geográfica de la tribu Proculini (Coleoptera:
Passalidae) / Reyes-Castillo, P.; Halffter-Salas, G. (Instituto de Ecología, Apdo. Postal 18-845, Deleg.
Miguel Hidalgo, 11800 México, D.F, MX). In: Folia Entomológica Mexicana (ISSN 0430-8603), v. 39/40,
p. 222-226. 1978.
Análisis taxonómico y biogeográfico de las especies de esa tribu, que contiene 140 especies reunidas en
18 géneros. La única especie insular parece ser Popilus lenzi (Kuwert) de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Se
comenta que el endemismo en la zona montañosa del sur de América Central (Costa Rica y Panamá) es
reducido.
Localización: Biblioteca Museo Nacional: Ind. Publ. Ent. No. 225.
Publicación No.: 511 Seismotectonics of Costa Rica: an analytical view of the southern
terminus of the Middle America Trench / Güendel-Umaña, F.D. (Universidad Nacional. OVSICORI,
Heredia, CR <E-mail: fgu@geofys.uu.se>). Santa Cruz, CA: University of California, 1986. 174 p.
Dissertation, Ph.D, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA (USA).
The southern terminus of the Middle America Trench (MAT) is a region of highly complicated tectonism.
This complexity arises from the subduction of major bathymetric features, the proximity of a tripple
junction and the development of back-arc deformation. Little is known about the mode of subduction
near regions of trench termination. Costa Rica is ideally situated at the southern terminus of the MAT.
Data collected by the Costa Rican seismographic network installed and operated by the Universidad
Nacional in cooperation with the University of California at Santa Cruz have provided new evidence on
the seismotectonic characteristics of this region. The high quality local network data together with the
analysis of the historical and most recent worldwide recorded seismicity indicate that the Cocos plate is
being subducted under the Caribbean plate all the way to the abutment with the north-south trending
Panama Fracture zone. This southern most section of the trench corresponds to the location where the
Cocos ridge is also being subducted. Network data show the existence of a well developed Benioff zone
in northern Costa Rica reaching maximum depths of 250 km and a dip angle of approximately 80°. This
deep and steep Benioff zone shows a gradual decrease in maximum earthquake depths and dip angle
when approaching the southern terminus of the MAT. In central Costa Rica maximum depths are 125 km
and the Benioff zone defines a 45° dipping plane when projected in a N30°E direction. However in
southern Costa Rica at the location where the Cocos ridge is being subducted, earthquake depths do not
exceed 50 km and no seismic evidence of the subducted slab has yet been recorded. These
observations, also supported by the sudden cessation of quaternary volcanic activity south of central
Costa Rica suggest that the Cocos ridge may perhaps play a very important role in controlling the
subduction mode near the southern terminus of the MAT.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 512 Visual observations of the sea floor subduction line in the MiddleAmerica Trench [Observaciones visuales de la línea de subducción del piso del océano en la fosa
centroamericana] / Heezen, B.C.; Rawson, M. (Columbia University. Lamont-Doherty Geological
215
Observatory, Palisades, NY 10964, US). In: Science (ISSN 0036-8075), v. 196, no. 4288, p. 423-426.
1977.
Four dives were made to the floor of the Middle-America Trench with the U.S. Navy's deep research
submersible DSV Turtle. The area investigated is located between Costa Rica and the Cocos Ridge where
the depth of the trench floor does not exceed the 2000-meter capability of the submersible. At the axis
of the trench floor a series of steep northeast-facing scarps 10 to 20 meters high lie parallel to the
trench axis. Here oceanic crust appears to have been carried down by near-vertical normal vaults of
small displacement. Between these small scarps and the landward wall of the trench a narrow line of
recent deformation interrupts a smooth apron. Unconsolidated sediments are thrust in sharply serrated
piles and cut by sharp-edged chasms. This line ofdeformation is interpreted as the present sea floor
trace of crustal subduction.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-546.
Publicación No.: 513 The most recent large earthquakes in Costa Rica (1990 Mw 7.0 and 1991
Mw 7.6) and three-dimensional crustal and upper mantle P-wave velocity structure of central
Costa Rica / Protti-Quesada, J.M. (Universidad Nacional. Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de
Costa Rica (OVSICORI), Heredia, CR <E-mail: jprotti@una.ac.cr>). Santa Cruz, CA: University of
California, 1995. (129 p). Dissertation, Ph.D, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA (USA).
Since 1984 the Costa Rica Volcanological and Seismological Observatory, National University
(OVSICORI-UNA) has been operating, jointly with the Charles F. Richter Seismological Laboratory,
University of California, Santa Cruz, a seismic network in Costa Rica. I utilized the information collected
by this network in the study of the most recent large earthquakes in Costa Rica as well as in the
inversion of P-wave arrival times for a 3-dimensional velocity structure in central Costa Rica. The March
25, 1990 earthquake (Mw = 7.0, ML = 6.8) occurred at the entrance of the Nicoya Gulf as a result of the
subduction of a seamount on the Cocos plate under the Caribbean plate. This earthquake triggered and
reactivated several seismic swarms in central Costa Rica, and temporarily decreased the activity in the
epicentral area of the July 03, 1983 (Ms = 6.2) Pérez Zeledón earthquake. The April 22, 1991, Mw =
7.7, Valle de la Estrella, Earthquake represents back-arc thrusting of the Caribbean plate beneath the
Panama block along the North Panama Thrust Belt. Aftershock locations and focal mechanisms reveal a
complicated faulting geometry in the back-arc of Costa Rica. Most thrust events are confined to the
vicinity of the mainshock and events with strike-slip mechanisms are located to the northwest, defining a
SW-NE trending left-lateral strike-slip fault zone that may represent the maximum NW extension of the
Panama block. Subduction of the Cocos plate beneath the Caribbean plate has uplifted ophiolitic units
along the western coast and produced an active volcanic chain and basaltic lava flows of late tertiary age
in northern and central Costa Rica and a batholith in the south (the Talamanca Cordillera). Arrival-times
from local earthquakes were used to image the resulting structure under central Costa Rica. Low velocity
anomalies in the shallow crust, near the active volcanoes, persist through to the lower crust (~25 km).
High velocity anomalies at shallow depths are associated with surface exposures of ophiolitic units, with
basic tertiary volcanic rocks, and probably with the Talamanca batholith; deeper high velocity anomalies
are associated with the subducting plate.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 514 The Limón, Costa Rica earthquake of April 22, 1991: Back arc thrusting
and collisional tectonics in a subduction environment / Suárez, G.; Pardo, M.; Domínguez, J.;
Ponce, L.; Montero-Pohly, W.; Boschini, I.M.; Rojas-Quesada, W. (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de
México. Instituto de Geofísica, México City, D.F., MX <E-mail: wmontero@cariari.ucr.ac.cr>). In:
Tectonics (ISSN 0278-7407), v. 14, no. 2, p. 518-530. 1995.
The distribution of aftershocks and the local geological record of the April 22, 1991, earthquake that
occurred along the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and western Panama suggest that faulting occurred on
a blind thrust sheet that shallows toward the northeast.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8565.
Publicación No.: 515 Geologic structure and processes of the eastern Pacific margin: California
and Costa Rica / McIntosh, K.D. (The University of Texas. Institute for Geophysics, 4412 Spicewood
Springs Road, Austin, TX 78759-8500, US <E-mail: kirk@utig.ig.utexas.edu>). Santa Cruz, CA:
University of California, 1992. 181 p. Dissertation, Ph.D, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA (USA).
The margin of the eastern Pacific has been sculpted during Tertiary geologic times by convergent and
transcurrent plate motion along both continental and oceanic plate boundaries. Interpretations of central
California geology predict margin development by Early Tertiary plate convergence, the transition to a
transform plate boundary, and subsequent modification of that boundary. Deep penetration seismic
reflection transects (EDGE profiles) provide new data to refine these interpretations. These data support
the interpretation that a plate fragment related to the Farallon plate may have continued to subduct off
California after the Pacific/North America transform boundary was established to the north and south.
These seismic data also reveal structures related to probable Miocene transtensional development of the
offshore Santa Maria Basin after subduction eventually ceased in this area. The final stage of margin
development is one of compressional deformation. This stage is documented by folding and thrust
faulting, that appear to be concentrated near the zones of earlier extension and include examples of
basin inversion. The Tertiary history of Costa Rica is one of plate convergence in an oceanic island arc
setting. In particular, the plate boundary off the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica, is an accretionary
convergent margin in a low sediment supply environment. Seismic reflection data, including regional 2D
profiles and a 3D survey over a portion of the lower trench slope, show mechanisms of sediment
accretion, subsequent compressional deformation, and upper slope extension. The mechanisms of
216
sediment accretion include offscraping at the trench, but the dominant process is underplating. With low
sediment supply (no trench turbidites) the sedimentary cover on the subducting Cocos plate is thin and
is accreted in small bocks. Variation in the basement structure of the Cocos plate perturbs the accretion
processes and affects the arrangement of sedimentary blocks as they are accreted to the prism. The
resulting prism structure varies rapidly along strike. The upper slope of the Costa Rica margin features a
approx 20 km wide zone of predominantly landward dipping normal faults. Seismic data show that the
faults cut the entire 2 km thick slope apron section and penetrate the underlying accretionary prism.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 516 Seafloor structural observations, Costa Rica accretionary prism / Mcadoo,
B.G.; Orange, D.L.; Silver, E.A.; McIntosh, K.D.; Abbott, L.; Galewsky, J.; Kahn, L.M.; Protti-Quesada,
J.M. (University of California. Earth Sciences Department and Institute of Tectonics, Santa Cruz, CA
95064, US <E-mail: bmcadoo@earthsci.ucsc.edu> <E-mail: esilver@es.ucsc.edu> <E-mail:
kirk@utig.ig.utexas.edu> <E-mail: jprotti@una.ac.cr>). In: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 00948276), v. 23, no. 8, p. 883-886. 1996.
By studying seafloor morphology we can make associations between near surface deformation, fluid flow
and the overall structural framework of accretionary prisms. In February, 1994 a DS/RV ALVIN program
to the Costa Rica accretionary prism investigated the relationship of fluid seepage and sediment
deformation by using the distribution of chemosynthetic communities End heat flow anomalies as
indicators of fluid flow. The active normal faults that cut the hemipelagic section on the Cocos plate may
provide conduits for fluids that cause the regional heat flow to be extremely low. These normal faults
intersect the toe of the prism at an oblique angle, creating localized regions of increased deformation.
Positive heat flow anomalies observed at the deformation front indicate diffuse fluid flow, however, we
discovered no seep communities indicative of focused flow. The seaward-most seep communities
discovered are in a region of active out-of-sequence thrusts that cut a sediment apron which covers the
complex to within 3 km of the prism toe. Vents occur consistently at the base of the fault scarps. Dives
on a mud diapir show extensive seep communities, pock marks, and authigenic carbonates. Evidence of
fluid release is on the crest which implies a low viscosity fluid migrating upward in the center of the
structure. Normal faults on the upper slope can be seen in cross-section in the walls of a submarine
canyon. The faults cut the slope apron and displace the seafloor, actively maintaining the critical taper of
the prism.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S5970.
Publicación No.: 517 Simultaneous inversion for earthquake location and velocity structure
beneath central Costa Rica / Protti-Quesada, J.M.; Schwartz, S.Y.; Zandt, G. (Universidad Nacional.
Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Costa Rica (OVSICORI>, Heredia, CR <E-mail:
jprotti@una.ac.cr>). In: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (ISSN 0523-2988), v. 86, no.
1, p. 19-31. 1996.
We have imaged the complex crustal and upper mantle structure beneath central Costa Rica using Pwave arrival times from locally recorded earthquakes. Thurber's (1983) iterative inversion method is
used to simultaneously estimate velocities along a three-dimensional grid and hypocentral parameters of
local earthquakes. Our data consist of over 12,000 arrival times from more than 1300 earthquakes
recorded by stations of a permanent seismographic network in Costa Rica. Our resulting velocity model
correlates well with mapped geologic units at very shallow depth and with tectonic features at greater
depth. We find low velocities (4.0 to 4.8 km/sec) in the shallow crust (above 10 km) near the active
volcanoes and associated with a NW- SE trending late Cretaceous to late Tertiary sedimentary basin
southeast of Herradura peninsula. High velocities (5.4 to 5.7 km/sec) in the shallow crust correlate with
outcrops of late Jurassic to early Tertiary ultramafic ophiolitic units and with basic Tertiary volcanic units.
At depths between 20 and 30 km, high velocities (6.8 to 7.2 km/sec) are associated with the subducting
Cocos plate under Costa Rica and two prominent low- velocity bodies (6.3 to 6.5 km/sec) are present
about 30 km trenchward of the volcanic are and along the projection of the aseismic Cocos Ridge as it
subducts beneath Costa Rica. The thickened oceanic crust of the Cocos Ridge is most likely responsible
for its low velocities. The deep low-velocity anomaly located trenchward of the axis of the volcanoes may
indicate the presence of a low-density intrusive resulting from an earlier phase of magmatism, possibly
the late Miocene episode that produced the Talamanca intrusive complex.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S5974.
Publicación No.: 518 Surficial evidence of fluid expulsion from the Costa Rica accretionary
prism / Kahn, L.M.; Silver, E.A.; Orange, D.L.; Kochevar, R.E.; Mcadoo, B.G. (Monterey Bay Aquarium
Research Institute, POB 628, Moss Landing, CA 95039, US <E-mail: esilver@es.ucsc.edu> <E-mail:
bmcadoo@earthsci.ucsc.edu>). In: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276), v. 23, no. 8, p.
887-890. 1996.
The nature and distribution of authigenic carbonates, chemosynthetic bacterial mats, and unique
macrobenthic chemosynthetic communities of bivalves and tube worms are important for evaluating and
reconstructing present and past fluid venting of accretionary complexes. This paper describes the
authigenic carbonates, chemosynthetic fauna, and fluid venting observed at the four tectonic regions of
the Costa Rica accretionary wedge in February 1994 during an ALVIN diving program of 20 submersible
dives. We found no surficial evidence of highly focused fluid venting at the toe of the prism (outermost 3
km), as implied by the absence of authigenic carbonates and chemosynthetic fauna. The absence of vent
communities on the lower 3 km of the prism and the relatively elevated heat flow with respect to the
adjacent, incoming Cocos Plate (Langseth and Silver, this issue), suggests diffuse, rather than focused
flow through the toe of the prism. Twelve active and relict vent sites marked by small clusters of live
217
vesicomyid clams are localized at the bases and tops of out-of- sequence-thrusts, implicating fracture
permeability as the fluid conduit in the lower slope region (but upslope from the toe). Vast authigenic
carbonates and seven active and relict vent sites marked by large, dense clusters of chemosynthetic
organisms predominate the largest mud diapir in the mid-slope region. Fluid expulsion appears to be
more restricted on the upper slope, with only 2 small but dense vents marked by chemosynthetic fauna
observed at one wall of one canyon.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S5969.
Publicación No.: 519 Effect of subducting sea-floor roughness on fore-arc kinematics, Pacific
coast, Costa Rica / Fisher, D.M.; Gardner, T.W.; Marshall, J.S.; Sak, P.B.; Protti-Quesada, J.M.
(Pennsylvania State University. Department of Geosciences, University Park, PA 16802, US <E-mail:
fisher@geosc.psu.edu> <E-mail: j_marshall@acad.fandm.edu> <E-mail: tgardner@trinity.edu> <Email: psak@bucknell.edu> <E-mail: jprotti@una.ac.cr>). In: Geology (ISSN 0091-7613), v. 26, no. 5,
p. 467-470. 1998.
Fault kinematics and uplift in the Costa Rican fore arc of the Middle America convergent margin are
controlled to a large extent by roughness on the subducting Cocos plate. Along the northwest flank of
the incoming Cocos Ridge, seafloor is characterized by short wavelength roughness related to northeasttrending seamount chains. Onland projection of the rough subducting crust coincides with a system of
active faults oriented at high angles to the margin that segment the fore-arc thrust belt and separate
blocks with contrasting uplift rates.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7062. NBINA-1899.
Publicación No.: 520 Geodinámica interna de Costa Rica / Montero-Pohly, W.; Paniagua-Pérez, S.;
Kussmaul, S.; Rivier, F. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela Centroamericana de Geología, Apdo. 352060, Ciudad Universitaria, CR <E-mail: wmontero@cariari.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Revista Geológica de
América Central (ISSN 0256-7024), v. 14, p. 1-12. 1992.
A geodynamic map of Costa Rica has been compiled from different sources. The map includes PlioPleistocene to Recent volcanic centers, magnitud = 4.5 earthquakes for the period 1964 to 1986,
interplate and intraplate focal mechanisms solutions for selected earthquakes, Quaternary and Recent
faulting, Bouguer gravimentric anomalies with free air anomalies offshore, heat flow, and maximum
horizontal compressive neotectonic stress directions. The compiled data may be partially explained by a
simple geodynamic model that depends principally on the morphology of the Cocos plate and its
convergence process.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3847.
Publicación No.: 521 Neotectonics and related stress distribution in a subduction collisional
zone: Costa Rica / Montero-Pohly, W. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela Centroamericana de
Geología, Apdo. 36-2060, Ciudad Universitaria, CR <E-mail: wmontero@cariari.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Profil Universität Stuttgart. Institut für Geologie und Palaontologie (Germany) (ISSN 0941-0414), v. 7, p. 125141. 1994.
The neotectonics of Costa Rica and the related maximum horizontal compressive stress directions
(MHCSD), are evaluated throuch structural, seismological and geomorphological data. n the Pacific
forearc region, the MHCSD is trending 030°E. This direction agrees with the relative plate velocity
vector. The MHCSD trend changes along the inner arc. In the Guanacaste Quaternary Volcanic
Cordillera, in northwestern Costa Rica, the MHCSD is not well defined according to the evaluated data.
Weak coupling along the interplate boundary could explain why plate boundary forces are not well
transmitted to the inner arc. In the central al southeastern Costa Rican inner arc area (Central
Quaternary Volcanic Cordillera and Talamanca range), the MHCSD rotates between N-S and NE
respetively. Stresses are related to the collision of the oceanic Cocos Ridge with southern Costa Rica. In
this paper I propose that the Cocos Ridge behaves as a rigid indenter and the region of central and
southern Costa Rica as a rigid-plastic material. Strike slip faults and volcanic lineaments of central and
southern Costa Rica correspond with the slip lines and the MHCSD predicted. Finally, a discussion is
presented about the tectonic role of the shear zone that occurs throughout central Costa Rica. The
geometrical distribution of faults in this region (with predominant trends NE-SW to E-W) suggests that
this shear zone represents the western border of Panama microplate. Alternatively, it could be
interpreted as a fault system transferring slip motion from the Pacific to the Caribbean side of the
isthmus, as a consequence of the Cocos Ridge collisional event.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S3845.
Publicación No.: 522 Magnetic signature of upper plate structures and subducting seamounts
at the convergent margin off Costa Rica / Barckhausen, U.; Roeser, H.A.; von Huene, R. (Universität
Göttingen. Institute of Geophysics, Herzberger Landstr 180, D-37075 Göttingen, DE <E-mail:
rhuene@mindspring.com>). In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (ISSN 0148-0227), v. 103, no.
B4, p. 7079-7093. 1998.
Offshore the Pacific margin of Costa Rica the Caribbean Plate converges with the subducting Cocos Plate
along the Middle America Trench. The tectonics of both plates have been studied on the basis of
reflection seismic, gravimetric, and magnetic data and swath-mapping. The magnetic data were acquired
by GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany, during cruise SO-76 of R/V Sonne off Costa Rica in 1992. Two different
magnetic anomaly patterns are observed. Off Nicoya Peninsula the linear magnetic anomalies trend
about N50 degrees E and can be traced from the ocean basin to the landward end of the profiles. To the
southeast of a major structural break trending parallel to Fisher Seamount and the associated ridge the
strike of the magnetic anomalies is N70 degrees E. In the area southeast of Fisher Seamount the
218
magnetic signatures of numerous seamounts are superimposed upon the linear anomalies. We interpret
the magnetic lineations as chrons 5C to 6B (16-22.5 Ma). Magnetic modeling demonstrates a significant
magnetization (similar to 1 A/m) of the margin wedge in the continental slope, a structural unit known
from seismic studies. This is not compatible with the previously discussed origin of the continental slope
as an accretionary wedge. A composition of the margin wedge similar to the ophiolitic rocks found
onshore on Nicoya Peninsula appears likely. A number of morphological furrows observed in the
landward trench slope opposite the seamount covered domain of the oceanic crust coincide with
magnetic anomalies. Three-dimensional magnetic modeling demonstrates that these anomalies can be
explained well by subducting seamounts. This implies that the seamounts remain intact, at least
magnetically, for a long time interval during the subduction process. Thus they may indeed be important
seismogenic asperities.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6020.
Publicación No.: 523 Three-dimensional velocity structure of the upper mantle beneath Costa
Rica from a teleseismic tomography study / Colombo, D.; Cimini, G.B.; de Franco, R. (Geosystem
srl, vl Abruzzi 17, I-20131 Milan, IT). In: Geophysical Journal International (ISSN 0956-540X), v. 131,
no. 2, p. 189-208. 1997.
A tomographic study has been carried out in Costa Rica utilizing teleseismic events recorded by the
national seismic network OVSICORI-UNA. The data consist of 130 earthquakes which occurred at
epicentral distances of 23 degrees-100 degrees (P phases) and 110 degrees-180 degrees (PKP phases).
1378 IASP91 traveltime residuals were computed and inverted using an iterative linearized inversion
procedure which incorporates 3-D minimum-traveltime ray tracing, The 3-D velocity structure of the
upper mantle, as derived from teleseismic tomography, shows a northeastward-dipping high-velocity
body beneath northern Costa Rica, interpreted as the subducting Cocos plate. Although less evident, a
similar pattern of lateral heterogeneities characterizes the deep structure of central Costa Rica. There is
no evidence for deep high-velocity bodies beneath southern Costa Rica. The 3-D reconstruction of the
subducting Cocos Plate shows a steeply dipping slab (subvertical) beneath northern Costa Rica. Here the
oceanic lithosphere is older and denser than in central Costa Rica, where the slab dips at about 60
degrees. Southern Costa Rica does not show a dipping slab; this is in accordance with the
subduction/collision of the thick and buoyant Cocos Ridge. The geometry of the slab, the maximum
velocity anomalies and the sudden change in the local seismicity depth pattern suggest the existence of
a tear in the subducted plate, located between the northern and central Costa Rican subduction zones.
The strain field in the overriding plate indicates a strong structural control induced by the along-trench
variations in subduction. Northern Costa Rica shows slight tensile deformation, while southern Costa Rica
displays moderate to strong compressive deformation. The maximum horizontal gradient of the strain
field is located in central Costa Rica where a sinistral transcurrent fault system crosses the country from
the Pacific to the Atlantic coast. This system is likely to be generated by the along-trench variations in
subduction.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6234.
Publicación No.: 524 Drowned 14-m.y.-old Galapagos archipelago off the coast of Costa Rica:
Implications for tectonic and evolutionary models / Werner, R.; Hoernle, K.; van den Bogaard, P.;
Ranero, C.R.; von Huene, R. (Tethys Geoconsuting GmbH, Wischhofstr 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, DE <E-mail:
rwerner@geomar.de> <E-mail: cranero@geomar.de> <E-mail: khoernle@geomar.de> <E-mail:
rhuene@mindspring.com>). In: Geology (ISSN 0091-7613), v. 27, no. 6, p. 499-502. 1999.
Volcanic rocks were dredged from the Cocos and Fisher ridges and seamounts along a 250 km profile
parallel to the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. The composition and laser 40Ar/39Ar ages of the Cocos Ridge
and Seamounts are consistent with their formation above the Galápagos hotspot 13.0-14.5 Ma. The
reconstructed paleoenvironment and chemistry of the Fisher Ridge are consistent with it having
originated at a mid-oceanic ridge system. Laser 40Ar/39Ar dating of fresh basalt glass from the Fisher
Ridge yielded isochron ages of 19.2 ± 0.3 Ma and 30.0 ± 0.5 Ma. The Fisher Ridge is along a lithospheric
fault that may represent an extensional fracture formed when the oceanic floor rode over the Galápagos
hotspot. Even though the younger structures are currently at water depths of 1000 m, volcanological,
geochemical, and geophysical observations indicate that they once formed an emerged archipelago very
similar in morphology to the Galápagos islands. The diversity of the biota on the isolated Galápagos
islands, as first described by Charles Darwin, has had an important influence on the development of the
theory of evolution. The existence of a now-drowned Galápagos archipelago 14.5 Ma considerably
increases speciation times for the Galápagos biota and provides a complete solution to a long-standing
controversy concerning the divergence of the Galápagos marine and land iguanas from a single ancestral
species.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6274. NBINA-1199.
Publicación No.: 525 ¿Cuál es el origen de las Galápagos? ¿Cómo podría un archipiélago a mil
kilómetros de Ecuador haber estado antes en las costas de Costa Rica? / Gómez, M. (The New
York Times, New York, N.Y, US). In: Summa (Colombia), no. 63 (Agosto), p. 62-63. 1999.
El descubrimiento de un archipiélago de 14 millones de años de edad, sumergido en la Costa Pacífica de
Costa Rica, nos ayudará a comprender mejor la evolución en general, y cómo fue que aparecieron en las
Galápagos tantos animales y plantas extraños. De acuerdo con Reinhard Werner y sus colegas de
Geomar, con sede en Kiel, Alemania, en un artículo del número de junio de Geology (v. 27(6):499-502.
1999), este perdido grupo de islas fue el precursor de las actuales Galápagos. Estas islas tienen
renombre por su flora y fauna singulares, que inspiraron a Charles Darwin el famoso libro "Del Origen de
las Especies por Selección Natural". Las Galápagos de hoy, a unos mil kilómetros al oeste del Ecuador,
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tienen una edad de tres a cuatro millones de años. Este tiempo es suficiente para explicar la evolución
de más o menos 13 especies de pinzones de las islas a partir de una única especie ancestral, oriunda de
Suramérica. Sin embargo, este intervalo no basta para aclarar la evolución de las notables iguanas
marinas y terrestres de las islas, que parecen haber derivado de un ancestro común hace 15 o 20
millones de años. Werner y sus colegas sostienen que, de hecho, las islas han existido por lo menos
desde hace 14 millones de años, tiempo suficiente para que las iguanas evolucionaran. Todo esto suena
un tanto confuso: ¿cómo podría un archipiélago a mil kilómetros de Ecuador haber estado antes en las
costas de Costa Rica? ¿Cómo estas tierras sumergidas pueden ser las mismas islas de hoy? La tectónica
de placas ofrece la solución correcta. La corteza oceánica bajo la costa oeste de Centroamérica se divide
en dos placas: la de Cocos, al norte, y la de Nazca, al sur. Ambas están en constante movimiento: la de
Cocos hacia el nordeste y la de Nazca hacia el este, llevando sus respectivas cargas continentales.
¿Cómo encajan las Galápagos en este cuadro? La respuesta se encuentra bajo las placas, en el manto
terrestre. Penachos o columnas de material incandescente proveniente del manto perforan la corteza
superior, creando islas oceánicas. Los penachos del manto tienen una larga duración, de decenas a
cientos de millones de años, antes de apaciguarse. También son relativamente estacionarios,
comparados con las placas tectónicas. A medida que una placa se mueve sobre un penacho, este la
perfora igual que la aguja estática de una máquina de coser abre orificios en la tela en movimiento. El
resultado es una cadena de islas sucesivamente más jóvenes, que registran el movimiento de las placas
tectónicas sobre los penachos del manto. Las islas más jóvenes tienden a ser más grandes y presentan
mayor actividad volcánica; las más viejas se erosionan y forman atolones coralinos, desapareciendo
finalmente bajo el mar. Las islas hawaianas son, quizás, el mejor ejemplo de este proceso en acción.
Werner y sus colegas muestran, a partir de un estudio de rocas volcánicas excavadas de montes
marinos sumergidos al frente de Costa Rica, que las Galápagos han sufrido el mismo proceso, y que las
islas actuales constituyen sólo la versión moderna de un archipiélago mucho más viejo, representado por
los antiguos montes marinos de Costa Rica, de por lo menos 14 millones de años de edad. Los
investigadores explican que hace 14 millones de años, estas islas, hoy sumergidas, se hallaban al
sudoeste de su ubicación presente- sobre el penacho del manto cercano a donde hoy se encuentran las
Islas Galápagos-. Por consiguiente, las islas sumergidas fueron las precursoras del archipiélago actual, y
fueron transportadas a donde ahora están por el movimiento de la placa de Cocos.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S5350.
Publicación No.: 526 Lithostratigraphy of the Neogene strata of the Caribbean coast from
Limón, Costa Rica, to Colón, Panamá / Coates, A.G. (4193,Lower Cove Run Rd, Mathias, WV 26812,
US <E-mail: coatesj@hardynet.com>). In: Bulletins of American Paleontology (ISSN 0007-5779), no.
357, p. 17-38. 1999.
The Central American isthmus lies at the intersection of six tectonic plates. The North and South
American Plates, with relative westerly and west-northwesterly motions, respectively, override two large
oceanic Pacific plates, the Cocos and Nazca, with northeasterly or easterly relative motions, respectively.
The collision of these two sets of plates has formed, since the Cretaceous, a major zone of subduction
along the western margin of the Americas, a segment of which constitutes the Central American volcanic
arc. The southern Central American isthmus consists primarily of igneous and sedimentary rocks of
oceanic crustal composition, generated by the Central American volcanic arc. In this chapter, I focus on
the stratigraphy of three important sedimentary basins that flank the magmatic arc on the Caribbean
side, namely, the southern Limón Basin in Costa Rica, and the Bocas del Toro and Panamá Canal basins
in Panamá. These basins are dominated by volcaniclastic sediments, commonly with foraminiferal and
nannofossil microfaunas. They also contain important Miocene through Pleistocene coral reefs, as well as
a gems of rich and diverse molluscan, bryozoan, fish (otoliths), and coral assemblages at many
stratigraphic levels. In this chapter, I present a revision of the formal stratigraphy of the sediments in
which the faunas occur, including the definition of several new formations and their biochronology. Also
included are 11 maps and detailed insets, showing the location of all samples, and the computer-drawn
logs of 39 sections measured across the three basins that show the stratigraphic relations of all the
samples. The locations of the measured sections are shown in Text-figure 2. The Isthmus of Panama was
the last portion of the Central American isthmus to emerge, closing the marine connections between the
Caribbean and the Pacific about 3 Ma. The Panama Paleontology Project (PPP) set out to look for
extensive upper Neogene fossiliferous sedimentary sequences in this region on the assumption that the
sedimentary record here would track most closely the marine environmental and ecological changes
caused by the emergence of the Isthmus. The stratigraphic sections and faunal samples analyzed in this
volume are located in back-arc basins (e.g., southern Limón Basin) or in marginal aprons (e.g., Bocas
del Toro and Panamá Canal Basins) derived from the Caribbean side of the Central American volcanic
arc, the structure of which is shown in cross section in Text-figure 3. Although we originally undertook
field expeditions to both Pacific fore-arc and Caribbean back-arc basins, the Caribbean sequences yielded
more complete stratigraphic sections and more abundant and diverse faunal assemblages. This is largely
due to erosion of many younger sequences on the tectonically active Pacific coast. Older sediments have
been subducted or obducted onto the overlying plate and are either highly deformed or lost (Text-fig. 3).
By contrast, on the passive Caribbean margin, the southern Limón, Bocas del Toro, and Panamá Canal
basins (Text-fig. 2) have yielded numerous diverse and abundant faunas. These sections are less
deformed, and span a greater time interval than the Pacific sections. For example, the Pacific Burica
Peninsula fore-arc basin has more than 4000 m of sediments, ranging from about 3.5 to 1.6 Ma,
whereas the Caribbean Bocas del Toro Group has about 1000 in, ranging from 8.5 to about 1.5 Ma. In
the region of the Talamanca Range (Text-fig. 1) in Costa Rica, subduction of the Cocos Ridge has
elevated and structurally deformed both the inner fore-arc Terraba Basin and the now inverted back-arc
southern Limón Basin, as is shown in Text-fig. 3. From 1986 to 1992, the PPP undertook a series of
220
reconnaissance field expeditions to explore a number of the Neogene sedimentary fore- and back-arc
basins associated with the volcanic arc in southern Central America. Basins were surveyed on the Pacific
coast, from the Nicoya Peninsula, northwestern Costa Rica, to Darien, eastern Panama, and on the
Caribbean coast, from the northern part of the Limón Basin, Costa Rica, to the Panamá Canal Basin,
Panamá (Text-fig. 2). In a preliminary review of the litho- and bio-stratigraphy, Coates et al. (1992)
established that a well-preserved and diverse marine fossil record existed on both coasts, containing
nannofossils and planktic foraminifera capable of yielding a precise geochronology for the late Neogene
sediments. In 1993, with a view to more detailed comparisons of geologic history and evolutionary and
ecological patterns, the PPP began a more extensive series of field expeditions. These focused
particularly on the complete and richly fossiliferous sections of the Caribbean coast, specifically in the
southern Limón, Bocas del Toro, and Panamá Canal basins (Text-fig. 2) described here. The northern
part of the Limón Basin is not treated in this chapter because it is extensively covered by Pleistocene
volcanic deposits and did not yield abundantly fossiliferous sections. Because the Miocene to Pleistocene
sediments of the southern Limón Basin are relatively elevated and structurally complex, the physical
stratigraphy of this basin has been difficult to reconstruct (Text-fig. 3). The stratigraphic sequence has
been studied mostly along rivers draining the foothills and coastal plain northeast of the Talamanca
Range in the area around Limón (Map 11) and, to a lesser extent, further south as far as the
Panamanian border (Map 10).
Localización: Biblioteca OET: B.
Publicación No.: 527 A cross section of the convergent Pacific margin of Nicaragua / Ranero,
C.R.; von Huene, R.; Flueh, E.R.; Duarte, M.; Baca, D.; McIntosh, K.D. (GEOMAR. Department of
Volcanology & Petrology; Wischhofstrasse 1-3, D-24148, Kiel, DE <E-mail: cranero@geomar.de> <Email: rhuene@mindspring.com> <E-mail: eflueh@geomar.de> <E-mail: kirk@utig.ig.utexas.edu>). In:
Tectonics (ISSN 0278-7407), v. 19, no. 2, p. 335-357. 2000.
Prestack depth migration of multichannel seismic reflection lines across the Pacific margin of Nicaragua
has yielded an accurate depth image to about a 9-km depth from the deep ocean basin to the coast. The
margin contains the Sandino forearc basin, probably underlain by oceanic igneous basement and fronted
by a small prism accreted at the seaward end of the continental basement. Seismic stratigraphy and drill
hole information indicate that sediment has been accumulating since Late Cretaceous. The margin
configuration formed between late Cretaceous and Paleocene time and has endured since that time.
Uplift of the outer high and slope was probably coeval with subsidence of a deep basin beneath the shelf
From middle-late Eocene time to Oligocene time, the outer high was a barrier to sediment transport. A
similar Late Cretaceous to Oligocene tectonic history has been described for the Guatemalan and Costa
Rican segments of the Pacific margin. We speculate that the structure of the Pacific forearc basin formed
by subduction initiation at the edge of the Caribbean igneous province. Since late Oligocene time,
margin-wide subsidence occurs in the Nicaraguan margin, perhaps related to subduction erosion of the
upper plate. Coeval steep reverse and normal faulting along local structures in the forearc basin might
occur by transpression along margin-parallel strike-slip faults. These faults have been active since the
early development of the basin, but the greatest rate of vertical displacement along them was in early
middle Miocene time, probably related to a plate kinematic reorganization involving the collision of
Central and South America.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S6374.
Publicación No.: 528 Tomographic imaging of P- and S-wave velocity structure beneath Costa
Rica / Yao, Z.S.; Quintero, R.; Roberts, R.G. (Uppsala University. Department of Earth Sciences,
Villavagen 16, 75236 Uppsala, SE <E-mail: rq@geofys.uu.se>). In: Journal of Seismology (ISSN 13834649), v. 3, p. 177-190. 1999.
45287 P-wave and 26813 S-wave arrival times from the data base of the Costa Rica network have been
tomographically inverted to image the structure beneath Costa Rica. A regularized recursive least
squares inverse method was used to produce the high resolution and minimum variance model
parameter estimates. The first arrival times are calculated using a finite difference technique, which
allows for flexible parameterization of the velocity model and easy inclusion of topography and sourcereceiver geometry. The P wave velocity structure and hypocenters are determined simultaneously, while
the S wave velocity structure is determined using the relocated seismicity and an initial model derived
from the P wave model assuming an average P to S wave velocity ratio of 1.78. The most prominent
features in the inverted model are a low velocity structure under the volcanic chain in the center of the
country, which is related to the hot material connected with the active volcanoes; and a high velocity
zone in the mantle, which is related to the Cocos plate subducted under Costa Rica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: BINA-180.
Publicación No.: 529 Stress field in Costa Rica, Central America / Quintero, R.; Güendel-Umaña,
F.D. (Universidad Nacional. Observatorio Vulcanológico y , Heredia, CR <E-mail: rq@geofys.uu.se> <Email: fguendel@una.ac.cr> <E-mail: fgu@geofys.uu.se>). In: Journal of Seismology (ISSN 1383-4649),
v. 4, p. 297-319. 2000.
We have relocated 1658 earthquakes which occurred in Costa Rica, and its vicinity. These relocated
earthquakes were then used to investigate the stress and orientation of fault planes within the study
area. The analysis was made using the polarities of first motion P-waves. We found that the subduction
zone for Costa Rica is mainly characterized by thrust faulting, with some areas also exhibiting a
component of strike-slip motion. The intraplate Caribbean seismicity in central Costa Rica shows a
predominant shallow left-lateral strike-slip faulting. In southern Costa Rica, the subduction of very young
oceanic lithosphere beneath the Caribbean plate (i.e. Panama Block), enhanced by the collision and
221
subduction of the Cocos Ridge, has produced a highly compressive stress regime. This highly
compressive regime is characterized by strike-slip faults oriented in a NE-SW direction, extending all the
way from the Pacific margin into the back-arc, connecting with the North Panama Deformed Belt.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: BINA-181.
Publicación No.: 530 Large aperture seismic imaging at a convergent margin: Techniques and
results from the Costa Rica seismogenic zone / McIntosh, K.D.; Akbar, F.E.; Calderón, C.; Stoffa,
P.L.; Operto, S.; Christeson, G.L.; Nakamura, Y.; Shipley, T.H.; Fluehl, E.; Stavenhagen, A.; Leandro, G.
(The University of Texas. Institute for Geophysics, 4412 Spicewood Springs Road, Austin, TX 787598500,
US
<E-mail:
kirk@utig.ig.utexas.edu>
<E-mail:
pauls@ig.utexas.edu>
<E-mail:
gail@utig.ig.utexas.edu>). In: Marine Geophysical Researches (ISSN 0025-1970), v. 21, p. 451-474.
2000.
In March and April 1995 a cooperative German, Costa Rican, and United States research team recorded
onshore-offshore seismic data sets along the Pacific margin of Costa Rica using the R/V Ewing. Off the
Nicoya Peninsula we used a linear array of ocean bottom seismometers and hydrophones (OBS/H) with
onshore seismometers extending across much of the isthmus. In the central area we deployed an OBS/H
area] array consisting of 30 instruments over a 9 kin by 35-km area and had land stations on the Nicoya
Peninsula adjacent to this marine array and also extending northeast on the main Costa Rican landmass.
Our goal in these experiments was to determine the crustal velocity structure along different portions of
this convergent margin and to use the dense instrument deployments to create migrated reflection
images of the plate boundary zone and the subducting Cocos Plate. Our specific goal in the central area
was to determine whether a subducted seamount is present at the location of the 1990, M 7 earthquake
off the Nicoya Peninsula and can thus be linked to its nucleation. Subsequently we have processed the
data to improve reflection signals, used the data to calculate crustal velocity models, and developed
several wide-aperture migration techniques, based on a Kirchhoff algorithm, to produce reflection
images. Along the northern transect we used the ocean bottom data to construct a detailed crustal
velocity model, but reflectJons from the plate boundary and top and bottom of the subducting Cocos
plate are difficult to identify and have so far produced poor images. In contrast, the land stations along
this same transect recorded clear reflections from the top of the subducting plate or plate boundary,
within the seismogenic zone, and we have constructed a clear image from this reflector beneath the
Nicoya shelf. Data from the 3-D seismic experiment suffer from high-amplitude, coherent noise (arrivals
other than reflections), and we have tried many techniques to enhance the signal to noise ratio of
reflected arrivals. Due to the noise, an apparent lack of strong reflections from the plate boundary zone,
and probable structural complexity, the resulting 3-D images only poorly resolve the top of the
subducting Cocos Plate. The images are not able to provide compelling evidence of whether there is a
subducting seamount at the 1990 earthquake hypocenter. Our results do show that OBS surveys are
capable of creating images of the plate boundary zone and the subducting plate well into the
seismogenic zone if coherent reflections are recorded at 1.8 km instrument spacing (2-D) and 5 km
inline by 1 km crossfine spacing for 3-D acquisition. However, due to typical high amplitude coherent
noise, imaging results may be poorer than expected, especially in unfavorable geologic settings such as
our 3-D survey area. More effective noise reduction in acquisition, possibly with the use of vertical
hydrophone arrays, and in processing, with advanced multiple removal and possibly depth filtering, is
required to achieve the desired detailed images of the seismogenic plate boundary zone.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: BINA-201.
Publicación No.: 531 The Costa Rican Pacific margIn: from accretion to erosion / Flueh, E.R.;
Ranero, C.R.; von Huene, R. (GEOMAR. forschungszentrum für Marine Geowissenschaften der CAU
Wischhofstrasse 1-3, D-24148, Kiel, DE <E-mail: eflueh@geomar.de> <E-mail: cranero@geomar.de>
<E-mail: rhuene@mindspring.com>). In: Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I: Allgemeine
(ISSN 0340-5109), v. 1999, no. 7/8, p. 669-678. 2001.
The understanding of the tectonic processes shaping the Pacific margin off Costa Rica has undergone a
dramatic evolution during the past 25 years. The margin, initially interpreted to be built by accretion of
sediment from the ocean plate, is now interpreted as made of ophiolitic rocks that are exposed onshore,
with no net accretion currently active. New seismic images indicate that upper plate tectonic erosion
might be the dominant process. Erosion is accomplished in some cases through transport of large bodies
from upper to lower plate by plate boundary readjustment. Subduction of seamounts locally accelerates
tectonic erosion.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7024.
Publicación No.: 532 Structure of the Costa Rica convergent margin, offshore Nicoya Peninsula
/ Christeson, G.L.; McIntosh, K.D.; Shipley, T.H.; Flueh, E.R.; Goedde, H. (The University of Texas.
Institute for Geophysics, 4412 Spicewood Springs Road, Austin, TX 78759-8500, US <E-mail:
gail@utig.ig.utexas.edu> <E-mail: kirk@utig.ig.utexas.edu> <E-mail: tom@utig.ig.utexas.edu> <Email: eflueh@geomar.de> <E-mail: hgoedde@gfz-postdam.de>). In: Journal of Geophysical Research:
Oceans (ISSN 0148-0227), v. 104, no. B11, p. 25, 443-25, 468. 2001.
We present the results of a seismic refraction survey conducted offshore Costa Rica near the Nicoya
Peninsula. A dip profile and three strike profiles were carried out over 22 ocean bottom hydrophones and
seismographs and were also recorded by land receivers. These data are used to construct a crustal
structure model of the convergent margin from 20 km seaward of the Middle America Trench onto the
Nicoya Peninsula. The best constrained portion of our model is the velocity at the top of the margin
wedge immediately below the slope apron. Velocities increase from 3.5 to 4.2 to 4.6 km/s at distances
of 10, 20, and 30-50 km landward of the trench. These velocities are higher than observed within
222
margin wedges at other well-studied convergent margins but lower than the velocities within the
adjacent Nicoya Complex, which are -5.5 km/s at similar depths below the surface. We interpret the
margin wedge velocities as indicating that material similar to the Nicoya Complex extends seaward to
near the lower slope but that fracturing, alteration, or accretion processes have lowered the velocity of
the margin wedge with respect to the Nicoya Complex. The seismic refraction data cannot constrain the
exact thickness or velocity of a possible low-velocity zone (LVZ) overlying the subducting plate;
however, geologically reasonable structures are only produced with a LVZ 400 in thick. Velocities in the
upper part of oceanic layer 2 are -3.5-4.0 km/s within the subducting slab. These velocities are
unusually low for oceanic crust of this age and may correlate with a proposed highly permeable zone at
the top of the subducting crust. The top of the subducted slab is well resolved, and deepens from 5 kin
depth at the trench to 15-16 km depth at the Nicoya Peninsula coastline. The dip angle of the subducting
plate increases from 6° to 13' at a distance of -30 km from the trench. Interplate seismicity appears to
become common -55 km from the trench where the plate boundary is at -14 km depth.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7026.
Publicación No.: 533 Crustal structure across the Pacific margin of Nicaragua: evidence for
ophiolitic basement and a shallow mantle sliver / Walther, C.H.E.; Flueh, E.R.; Ranero, C.R.; von
Huene, R.; Strauch, W. (GEOMAR. forschungszentrum für Marine Geowissenschaften der CAU
Wischhofstrasse 1-3, D-24148, Kiel, DE <E-mail: cwalther@geomar.de> <E-mail: eflueh@geomar.de>
<E-mail: cranero@geomar.de> <E-mail: rhuene@mindspring.com>). In: Geophysical Journal
International (ISSN 0956-540X), v. 141, p. 759-777. 2000.
Seismic wide-angle measurements across the Pacific margin of Nicaragua were carried out using ocean
bottom hydrophones and land stations recording marine airgun shots. The structure and the P-wave
velocity of the subducting Cocos and overriding Caribbean Plates were determined by modelling wideangle data and further constrained by coincident seismic reflection, borehole and gravity data. The
oceanic crust of the Cocos Plate is 5.5 km thick, with a thin pelagic sediment cover. The plate boundary
can be traced to 40 km depth and is generally similar to configurations derived earlier from the local
seismic network. A major feature of the upper plate is an 80-km-wide high-velocity, high-density rock
unit reaching from the front of the margin to about the middle of the shelf. This wedge-shaped unit is 15
km thick beneath the shelf edge and is composed of a 5-km-thick upper part with velocities increasing
from 3.5 km s(- 1) near the trench to 5.2 km s(-) 1 at the shelf break overlying a 10-km-thick lower
part with velocities of 6.0 km s(-1). Analysis of the gravity field requires densities of 2.6-2.7 g cm(-3)
for the upper part and 2.9 g cm(-3) for the lower part of this unit. These velocities and densities suggest
that the margin wedge is composed of ophiolitic rock similar to those sampled offshore Guatemala and
exposed on the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. The velocity structure of this ophiolitic unit ends about 50
km offshore. Landward, the basement underneath the Sandino Basin is formed by older igneous rock
drilled beneath upper Cretaceous sedimentary rock onshore Nicaragua. Beneath the ophiolitic basement
we find a sliver with velocities typical of mantle material that begins at depths of 12-18 km and coincides
with the down-dip limit of the seismogenic zone. Mantle densities are required for the sliver to match the
gravity data. In a tectonic reconstruction, the suture of an oceanic plateau on the Farallon Plate against
the Chortis Block in upper Cretaceous time is suggested. Suturing left the former trench and margin in
deep water, consistent with the late Cretaceous to Palaeocene deep-water sediment of the Rivas
Formation at the base of the Sandino Basin. Suture of the Farallon Plate and Chortis Block might have
initiated the strikeslip movement along the Motagua-Polochic Fault System. The development of a new
subduction zone in Eocene Oligocene times left the ophiolitic basement and a sliver of oceanic mantle
attached to the Chortis Block and shifted the volcanic arc about 70 km southwestwards, close to its
present position.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7027.
Publicación No.: 534 Deformation structures and implications for fluid flow at the Costa Rica
convergent margin, ODP Sites 1040 and 1043, Leg 170 / Vannucchi, P.; Tobin, H. (Università di
Modena. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Piazzale San Eufemia 19, I-41100 Modena, IT <E-mail:
paolav@geo.unifi.it> <E-mail: tobin@nmt.edu>). In: Journal of Structural Geology (ISSN 0191-8141),
v. 22, no. 8, p. 1087-1103. 2000.
During ODP Leg 170, five sites were drilled and sampled off the Costa Rica Pacific margin. Two of them,
site 1040 and 1043, yielded material from a wedge of deformed sediments, the main decollement zone,
and the underthrusting sedimentary sequence of the subducting Cocos plate. Detailed mesoscopic and
microscopic analyses of the deformation features characteristic of each domain help to define four
different structural/hydrologic regimes. Unexpectedly, the wedge of deformed hemipelagic sediments
does not represent an accretionary wedge, because little or no transfer of material from the subducting
plate has occurred. The deformed sedimentary wedge records periods of tectonic bulk strain, in which
fluid pressure intermittently rises and induces fracturing, alternating with periods of gravitational bulk
strain. The last stage of this alternating strain regime is represented by the growth of thick, subhorizontal shear zones. The sediments caught up in the decollement zone show distinctly different
deformation features, reflecting different mechanical behaviour and a different response to fluid how, but
again transient pulses of increased pore pressure are interpreted as the driving mechanism of
dewatering. The underthrust pelagic and hemipelagic section is also characterised by dewatering
features, but only in the uppermost part. The basal sediments of this section; in contact with underlying
gabbro intrusions, have a completely different structural history and hydrologic regime. Structures here
are interpreted as related to near ridge processes, and the hydrologic system is not linked to the upper
sediment-dewatering regime, but rather seems to have been fed by a seawater source.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: BINA-291.
223
Publicación No.: 535 Central Costa Rica deformed belt: Kinematics of diffuse faulting across
the western Panama block / Marshall, J.S.; Fisher, D.M.; Gardner, T.W. (California Polytechnic
University.
Geological
Sciences
Department,
Pomona,
CA
91768,
US
<E-mail:
j_marshall@acad.fandm.edu> <E-mail: fisher@geosc.psu.edu> <E-mail: tgardner@trinity.edu>). In:
Tectonics (ISSN 0278-7407), v. 19, no. 3, p. 468-492. 2000.
Fault kinematics, seismicity, and geodetic data across central Costa Rica reveal a diffuse fault zone, here
named the Central Costa Rica Deformed Belt (CCRDB). The CCRDB defines the western margin of the
Panama block and links the North Panama Deformed Belt (NPDB) along the Caribbean coast with the
Middle America Trench (MAT) along the Pacific coast. The junction of the CCRDB and the MAT coincides
with an abrupt transition from smooth to rough crust on the subducting Cocos plate (rough-smooth
boundary). Shallow subduction of rough, thickened oceanic crust associated with the Cocos Ridge shifts
active shortening into the volcanic are along faults of the CCRDB. Variable fault kinematics along this
zone may reflect three combined deformation mechanisms: horizontal shortening and shear from
oceanic ridge indentation, basal traction from shallow subduction, and localized block uplift from
subducting seamount roughness. Within the forearc (domain 1), mesoscale faults express transtension
where steep NE striking regional-scale faults intersect the Pacific coast. Across the volcanic are (domain
2), mesoscale faults exhibit mostly sinistral and dextral slip on NE and NW striking conjugate faults,
respectively. Approaching the NPDB in the back are (domain 3), transcurrent faulting is modified by
transpression and crustal thickening. Fault kinematics are consistent with earthquake focal mechanisms
and Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. Radiometric age constraints confirm that faulting
postdates the late Neogene onset of shallow subduction. The ensuing deformation front has propagated
northward into the volcanic are to its present position along the seismically active CCRDB. Within the
forearc, the effect of shallow subduction is overprinted by local uplift related to underthrusting
seamounts.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8592.
Publicación No.: 536 Geophysical evidence for dewatering and deformation processes in the
ODP Leg 170 area offshore Costa Rica / McIntosh, K.D.; Sen, M.K. (University of Texas. Institute of
Geophysics, 4412 Spicewood Springs Road, Buildingg 600, Austin, TX 78759, US <E-mail:
kirk@utig.ig.utexas.edu>). In: Earth and Planetary Science Letters (ISSN 0012-821X), v. 178, no. 1/2,
p. 125-138. 2000.
We use a combination of borehole data from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 170 and multichannel
seismic reflection (MCS) data to quantify thickness changes in underthrust sediments away from the
boreholes. Sediments thrust beneath the upper plate at convergent margins may be more rapidly loaded
than in any other environment. Depending on the porosity and permeability of the available fluid
pathways, these sediments can compact and dewater very rapidly, as observed in this area offshore the
Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. Rapid thinning and dewatering was previously interpreted in this area from
MCS data, but the lack of velocity data in this deep-water environment caused ambiguity in the
estimates of thickness change. We employ a non-linear inversion technique using detailed density data,
primarily logs and some laboratory measurements and coincident MCS data to create 1D synthetic
seismograms and detailed velocity functions at three ODP drill sites. Because only a small part of one
hole was logged with a sonic tool and the laboratory measurements significantly underestimate in situ
velocities, these results provide the most accurate estimate of the velocity profiles. We used these
velocity functions to depth-migrate seven MCS lines in the vicinity of the trench and lower slope
spanning a distance of similar to 9 km along strike. Analysis of the depth-migrated images shows that
there is significant variation along strike in how the underthrust section compacts, which appears to be
related to the distribution of normal faults on the Cocos Plate. We interpret that preferentially rapid
dewatering in the upper part of the underthrust section may lead to deformation below the original
decollement and detachments at deeper stratigraphic levels.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: BINA-284.
Publicación No.: 537 Existence of complex spatial zonation in the Galapagos plume for at least
14 m.y / Hoernle, K.; Werner, R.; Morgan, J.P.; Garbe-Schönberg, D.; Bryce, J.; Mrazek, J. (GEOMAR.
Department of Volcanology & Petrology; Wischhofstr 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, DE <E-mail:
khoernle@geomar.de> <E-mail: rwerner@geomar.de>). In: Geology (ISSN 0091-7613), v. 28, no. 5, p.
435-438. 2000.
Basalts from intraplate or hotspot ocean islands (e.g., the Hawaiian, Galapagos, and Canary Islands) are
believed to be formed by mantle plumes, which emanate from mantle boundary layers such as the coremantle boundary. The long-term chemical structure of mantle plumes, however, remains poorly
constrained. Spatial variation in the chemical composition has long been recognized in lavas from the
Galapagos Islands: Enriched plume material forms a horseshoe-shaped region with depleted mantle,
similar in composition to mid-ocean ridge basalt, in its inner part. The enriched horseshoe-shaped region
can be subdivided into three distinct geochemical domains. We show that these same domains occur in
the same relative positions with respect to morphology in a geochemical profile across the Galapagos
hotspot track off the coast of Costa Rica, indicating that the asymmetrical spatial zonation of the
Galapagos hotspot has existed for at least 14 m.y. Combined with published He isotope data, the results
of this study imply that plume material can ascend from the lower mantle, possibly from the core-mantle
boundary, with little stirring occurring during ascent, and that zonation in hotspot lavas may in some
cases reflect spatial heterogeneity within the lower mantle source.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7130. NBINA-2305.
224
Publicación No.: 538 Quaternary convergent margin tectonics of Costa Rica, segmentation of
the Cocos Plate, and Central American volcanism / von Huene, R.; Ranero, C.R.; Weinrebe, W.;
Hinz, K. (University of Kiel. GEOMAR Research Center of Marine Geosciences, Wischhofstr 1-3, D-24148
Kiel,
DE
<E-mail:
rhuene@mindspring.com>
<E-mail:
cranero@geomar.de>
<E-mail:
karl.hinz@bgr.de>). In: Tectonics (ISSN 0278-7407), v. 19, no. 2, p. 314-334. 2000.
Along Costa Rica, new geophysical data indicate considerable control of Quaternary convergent margin
tectonics by the subducting lower plate. Three types of ocean crust enter the subduction zone: (1) Cocos
Ridge with its underlying thick crust stands 2 km high, (2) on its north flank is normal crust covered
40% by seamounts, and (3) along the adjacent Nicoya margin the underthrust crust has a smooth sea
floor. A 3- to 10-km-wide base of slope frontal prism varies little opposite different subducting crusts
except where subducting seamounts eroded it. Once the breaching seamount has passed the prism it is
quickly restored. The effect of oceanic crust on continental margin structure is most evident in the
middle and upper slope. Where Cocos Ridge and its flanking seamounts subduct, erosion is pronounced
relative to the stable slope where smooth lower plate subducts. Aligned upper plate features above lower
plate segment boundaries extend more than 120 km landward of the trench axis and correspond in
varying degrees with volcanic are segmentation. The offset of volcanoes across the Costa Rica/Nicaragua
border corresponds with a change in crustal structure and depth of the lava source. Subducted sediment
shows little correlation with the slab signal in volcanic are lavas but the magnitude of faulting associated
with ocean plate flexure adjacent to the trench axis parallels it well. Thus fluids in ocean crust fractures
and bound water in serpentinite may have a recognizable geochemical effect in are lavas.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S8620.
Publicación No.: 539 Sismicidad y marco neotectónico de Costa Rica y Panamá / Montero-Pohly,
W.; Camacho, E.; Espinosa, A.F.; Boschini, I.M. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela Centroamericana de
Geología, Apdo. 35-2060, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, CR <E-mail: wmontero@cariari.ucr.ac.cr> <Email: wrojas@cariari.ucr.ac.cr> <E-mail: mefernan@cariari.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Revista Geológica de
América Central (ISSN 0256-7024), vol. especial, abril, p. 73-82. 1994.
We define the different active tectonic boundaries of the Costa Rica-Panamá region. Specially we refine
the different seismogenic zones and the structural characteristics of the Panamá microplate, a small
tectonic block enclose between the Cocos, Caribbean, Nazca and South American plates. The tectonic
setting of the Limón earthquake was the North Panamá Deformed Belt, the northern limit of the Panamá
microplate. The deformation along this region is proposed to be tectonically controlled by the collision of
the Cocos ridge along the southeastern Costa Rican border.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: 7523.
Publicación No.: 540 Ridge collision, slab-window formation, and the flux of Pacific
asthenosphere into the Caribbean realm / Abratis, M.; Wörner, G.
(Universität Göttingen.
Geochemisches Institut, Göttingen 37077, DE <E-mail: mabratis@geomar.de>). In: Geology (ISSN
0091-7613), v. 29, no. 2, p. 127-130. 2001.
Mantle wedge-derived arc volcanism ceased in southern Costa Rica after ca. 8 Ma because of subduction
of the aseismic Cocos Ridge beneath the Central American arc and the subsequent opening of a slab
window. Geochemical and isotopic composition of small volumes of adakitic and alkalic backarc lavas
erupted between 5.8 and 2 Ma identify a source derived from the Galapagos plume. The presence of this
source is explained by an influx of Pacific upper mantle into the Caribbean mantle wedge through a slab
window, where the alkalic rocks form by melting of the upwelling mantle and the adakites result from
melting of the leading edge of the subducted Cocos Ridge. By using geochemical and isotopic signatures,
we trace this upper mantle flow beneath Central America from southern Costa Rica northward at a rate
of 40 mm/year.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S7814.
Publicación No.: 541 Active tectonics and quaternary landscape evolution across the western
Panama block, Costa Rica, Central America / Marshall, J.S. (California Polytechnic University.
Geological Sciences Department, Pomona, CA 91768, US <E-mail: j_marshall@acad.fandm.edu>).
University Park, PA: University of Pennsylvania, 2000. 305 p. ISBN: 0-493-06900-3. Dissertation,
Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania, Graduate School, University Park, PA 16802 (USA).
Three aspects of active tectonism are examined across central Costa Rica: (1) - fault kinematics; (2) volcanic arc retreat; and (3) - spatially variable coastal uplift. Diffuse faulting along the Central Costa
Rica Deformed Belt (CCRDB) defines the western margin of the Panama block and aligns with the roughsmooth boundary (RSB) on the subducting Cocos plate. Sub-horizontal subduction of rough, hotspot
thickened crust (Cocos Ridge and seamounts) shifts active shortening into the volcanic arc along the
CCRDB. Mesoscale faults express variable kinematics across three domains: transtension in the forearc,
transcurrent motion across the volcanic arc, and transpression in the back arc. Fault kinematics agree
with seismicity and GPS data, and isotopic ages confirm that faulting postdates the late Neogene onset
of shallow subduction. Stratigraphic correlation augmented by 40Ar 39Ar dating constrain the timing of
Quaternary arc migration from the Neogene Aguacate range to the modern Cordillera Central. The Valle
Central basin, between the cordilleras, filled with thick sequences of lavas, pyroclastic flows, and lahars.
Middle Pleistocene drainage capture across the Aguacate arc linked the Valle Central with the Pacific
slope and ash flows descended onto the coastal Orotina debris fan. Arc retreat reflects slab shallowing
and enhanced tectonic erosion as rough crust entered the subduction zone. Differing subduction
parameters across the RSB (crustal age, slab dip, roughness) produce marked contrasts in coastal
tectonism. Varying uplift rates across coastal faults reflect sub-horizontal subduction of seamount
roughness. Three groups (I-III) of fluvial terraces are correlated along the coast by isotopic ages and
225
geomorphic characteristics. Base level fluctuations and terrace genesis reflect interaction between
eustatic sea level and spatially variable rock uplift. Low uplift rates (north of RSB), yield one surface per
terrace group, whereas moderate rates (south of RSB) preserve a maximum number (better resolution
of sub-stage high stands). High rates (above Cocos Ridge) encourage terrace loss beyond an optimum
terrace preservation zone. Overall, active tectonism in central Costa Rica may reflect three combined
deformation mechanisms: horizontal shortening from ridge indentation, basal traction from subhorizontal subduction, and localized block uplift from seamount roughness.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 542 Seismotectonics and lithospheric structure of Costa Rica / Quintero, R.
(Universidad Nacional. Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico, Heredia, CR <E-mail:
rq@geofys.uu.se>). Uppsala: Uppsala University Library, 1999. 15 p. ISBN: 91-554-4533-0.
Dissertation, Ph.D., Uppsala University, Graduate School, Uppsala (Sweden).
The main purpose of this investigation is to obtain crustal information for Costa Rica and to contribute to
the understanding of the seismotectonic model of the region. The interaction of different tectonic
features on a short-distance scale of 100's of km produces the complexity of the Costa Rica region. The
intraplate Caribbean earthquake activity of shallow-depth nature is mainly concentrated along an E-W
axis in the central part of the country. All types of faults are presented in this region, although a strikeslip fault system, with NE-SW direction is proposed. Intraplate Caribbean earthquakes in northwestern
Panama are shallow and dominated by thrust fault motion. The seismicity along the Pacific coast is
mainly associated with the subduction of the Cocos under the Caribbean plate, with predominant thrust
fault mechanisms. The interaction of the Cocos and Nazca plates in southeastern Costa Rica, along the
Panama fracture fault system produces events with strike-slip mechanism. A proposed 1D P-velocity
model for the region is presented. Relocation of earthquakes of this area made through this 1D-velocity
model provides a reliable geometry of the Wadati-Benioff zone, with a slab dipping at 45°; to a
maximum depth of approximately 250 km. Station corrections and P- and S-velocity distribution
correlate well with the major upper crust geological features of the area. The P- and S-velocity
distribution for depth below 30 km shows a lateral velocity variation, which is associated with the
subduction slab.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 543 Lithium isotopic composition of Central American Volcanic Arc lavas:
implications for modifications of subarc mantle by slab-derived fluids / Chan, L.H.; Leeman,
W.P.; You, C.F. (Louisiana State University. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Baton Rouge, LA
70803-4101, US <E-mail: lchan@geol.lsu.edu>). In: Chemical Geology (ISSN 0009-2541), v. 160, p.
255-280. 1999.
Li contents and isotopic compositions were determined for a suit of well- characterized basaltic lavas
from the Central American Volcanic Arc (CAVA). Variable Li/Y (0.2-0.5), Li/Sc (0.1-04), and Ù6Li values
(+2.6 to -7.7 0/00) attest to significant compositional heterogenicity in the subarc mantle. Within
specific arc segments, these parameters correlate strongly with each other and with a number of other
consituents (e.g., K, Rb, Ba, B/La, 10B/9Be, 87Sr/86Sr, U/Ce, and 230Th/232Th, among others); thes
correlations are particularly strong for Nicaragua samples. Coupling of this particular set of constituents
is best explained in terms of addition of 'subduction components' to the subarc mantle. Moreover, their
selective enrichment with respect to relatively fluid-immobile incompatible elements significs the
dominance of fluid vs. silicate melt transport of slab components to the subarc mantle. Several
interesting nuances are revealed by the Li data. First, although Li and B are strongly correlated in both
Costa Rica and Nicaragu, there are systematic along-strike variations in Li/B that are consistent with
these elements having different 'fluid release patterns' from subducted slab segments. For example, Li/B
is highest in Costa Rica where auxiliary evidence indicates higher subduction zone temperatures;
apparently B is preferentially depleted and Li retainde in the slab under warmer conditions. The same
relations are reflected in Li/10Be and other subduction tracer systematics, all of which point to larger
subduction contributions below Nicaragua. Yet, even Nicaragua lavas vary widely in levels of subduction
enrichment. High-Ti basalts from Nejapa are the least enriched and have the highest Ù6Li (1.4 to 2.6
0/00); these values are greater than in fresh MORB (ca. -4 0/00) and are not easily explained by
additions of subducted Li becausemost oceanic crustal rocks and marine sediments have lower delta6Li
than MORB (with typical values between -8 and -20 0/00). Thus, it appears the Nejapa data may be
representative of isotopically light mantle domains. Relatively light Ù6Li values in an undeplected spinel
iherzolite (+ 11.3 0/00) from Zabargad Is. (Red Sea) and in primitive backarc basalts (-1.6 to -0.5 0/00)
from Lau Basin support this conclusion. Considering representative fluid and mantle endmember
compositions, the CAVA data are consistent with limited (up to a few percent) additions of slab-derived
fluids to a heterogeneous mantle containing variably depleted and enriched domains to form the
respective magma sources. In our view, the subarc mantle is heterogeneous on a small scale, but some
arc sectors clearly received greater slab inputs than others.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: BINA-122.
Publicación No.: 544 Geochemical variations in magmatic rocks from southern Costa Rica as a
consequence of Cocos Ridge subduction and uplift of the Cordillera de Talamanca [Variaciones
geoquímicas en las rocas magmáticas del sur de Costa Rica como consecuencia de la subducción de la
Placa Cocos y levantamiento de la Cordillera de Talamanca] / Abratis, M. (Universität Göttingen.
Geochemisches Institut, Göttingen 37077, DE <E- -mail: mabratis@geomar.de>). Göttingen: Universität
Göttingen, 1998. 148 pp. Dissertation, Dr. Mathematiscch-Naturwissenschaftlichen, Georg-AugustUniversität zur Göttingen (Germany).
226
The Cordillera de Talamanca, which constitutes the magmatic arc in SE Costa Rica, its related forearc
(Fila Costeña) and backarc region (Limón Basin) are a segment of the Central American arc system. To
describe and explain the Neogene to Quaternary magmatic evolution of this segment of the Central
American arc system, I investigated the geochemical and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb) composition of magmatic
rocks. The results indicate various magma sources for the igneous rocks in this region. The evolution of
the magmatic system is temporally and genetically related to the ridge-trench collision of Cocos Ridge
and Central America. With increasing arc maturity, magmatic products change from arc-tholeiitic to calcalkaline magma compositions in Costa Rica. These changes take place during the Miocene. Prior to
collision of the Cocos Ridge and SE Costa Rica, erupted magmas had their source in the mantle wedge.
This is in accordance with generally accepted models for arc magmatism. Derivation from a depleted,
sediment and fluid modified mantle source is documented by the isotopic and trace element signature
(Nb/Zr: 0.03-0.09, Ba/La: 20-134, 87Sr/86 Sr: 0.70360.7042, 143 Nd/ 144 Nd: 0.51300-0.51304 ,
206Pb/204Pb: 18.72-18.87). When the Cocos Ridge collided with SE Costa Rica, this "normal" arc
magmatism ended and a gap formed in the chain of arc volcanoes. Simultaneously with the collision
event, alkaline magmas started to erupt in the backarc region. Their composition is geochemically and
isotopically distinct from the former arc magmatic products (Nb/Zr: 0.17-0.46, Ba/La: 13-19,
87Sr/86Sr: 0.7035-0.7036, 143 Nd/144Nd: 0.51297-0.51298 , 206 Pb/204Pb: 19.06-19.12), indicating
derivation from decompressional melting of new upwelling sub-slab mantle material. Tapping of this new
magma source occurred when the subducting plate ruptured and opened a slab window in response to
ridgetrench collision. A temporal and spatial association of alkalic backarc magmatism with the slab
window formation can be shown by 40Ar/39Ar dating. From this it has to be concluded that the slab
window opened in a north-westward direction, consistent also with the direction of decreasing sub-Costa
Rican mantle wedge contamination by enriched Galapagos plume mantle. Shortly after collision and
backarc activity, minor volumes of calc-alkaline lavas erupted in the Fila Costeha (inner forearc), very
close to the trench. Adakites erupted as the latest phase of magmatic activity at the location of
previously voluminous calc-alkaline arc magmatism. Adakites are considered to be products of partial
melting of hydrated oceanic crust which could have formed when hot upwelling sub-slab asthenosphere
came in contact with subducted oceanic crust at the slab window margins. Under these rare
circumstances of slab window opening, adakites could be formed even in a fast converging subduction
zone.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-217.
Publicación No.: 545 Volatiles of the Central American volcanic arc: Source determination
through iodine-129, noble gas, and stable isotope analyses / Snyder, G.T. (The University of
Rochester. Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, 227 Hutchison Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, US
<E-mail: sndr@uhura.cc.rochester.edu>). Rochester, N.Y, 2001. 207 pp. ISBN: 0-493-34847-6.
Dissertation, Ph.D., The University of Rochester, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences,
Rochester, NY 14627 (USA).
The sources of volatiles within the Central American volcanic arc were studied, using noble gas, stable
isotope, and iodine-isotopic systematics as tracers of magmatic, crustal, and meteoric end-members.
Geothermal production wells were sampled at the four major geothermal fields of Central America:
Ahuachapán and Berlín in El Salvador, Momotombo in Nicaragua, and Miravalles in Costa Rica. Most
ratios of I-129 lie within a range I-129 500 x 10(-15), age 25 Ma) demonstrating derivation from
subducted marine sediments. The stable isotopic composition of carbon dioxide indicates that mantle
and subducted carbonate are the predominant sources of carbon in the Central American arc. Ratios of
CO2 3-He, as well as delta13-C and absolute CO2 concentration, suggest that subduction recycling of
marine carbonates is more efficient in the southern portion of the Cocos Plate, which is both younger
and hotter. The mantle carbon component increases to the north, as the arc-trench gap increases. A
component with I-129 ratios below that of subducted sediments was found throughout the region.
Methane concentrations are also quite high in some instances, and the I-129 signature indicates an age
of at least 65 Ma. The methane-rich Nicaraguan segment of the arc is unique in that N2/Ar and N2/He
ratios are among the highest recorded for active island arc systems, while the 3He/4He ratios remain
consistent with arc mantle signatures. This is likely the result of the trenchward migration of the
Nicaraguan volcanic arc, and the incorporation of nitrogen and methane through pyrolysis of crustal
organics related to the adjacent Sandino Basin. Island arc geometry was found to have an effect on the
recycling of subducted marine carbonates. The Nicaraguan portion of the Central American arc
demonstrates how reorganization of an island arc system results in the release of nitrogen, methane,
and other volatiles through shallow metamorphism. In this case, the I-129 system provides an important
tool in distinguishing between crustal and subducted components. Changes in subduction geometry, as
well as reorganization and lateral migration of island arc systems may significantly impact the volcanic
flux of volatiles through the course of geologic time.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 546 Earthquake rupture processes in circum-Pacific subduction zones / Bilek,
S.L. (New Mexico Tech. Earth and Environmental Science Department, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM
87801, US <E-mail: sbilek@ees.nmt.edu>). Santa Cruz, CA: University of California, 2001. 180 pp.
ISBN: 0-493-36288-6. Dissertation, Ph.D., University of California, Graduate School, Santa Cruz, CA
(USA).
Subduction zone earthquakes release a majority of the world's seismic energy and can produce
devastating tsunamis. Understanding the rupture processes of these earthquakes can lead to more
accurate seismic and tsunami hazard assessments for the regions in the circum-Pacific. This dissertation
examines variations in subduction zone earthquake processes, focusing on 14 subduction zones around
227
the circum-Pacific. Chapter 2 describes observations of depth dependent earthquake source durations for
events in these regions and proposes two end member models, depth dependent stress drop or depth
dependent rigidity, to explain the observations. Rigidity estimates calculated from the source durations
are among the first estimates of this material property on the subduction zone plate interface. The depth
dependent rigidity model is explored further in Chapter 3, as I examine the influence of the material
property variations on the anomalous tsunami earthquakes. The 1992 Nicaragua tsunami earthquake is
modeled successfully using the regionally appropriate depth dependent rigidity model instead of the
commonly used constant rigidity model. Chapter 4 describes my attempt to correlate details in the depth
dependent earthquake source durations with subduction zone parameters such as convergence rate,
plate age, subducted sediment thicknesses, and plate topography. No correlation between the duration
variations and the subduction zone parameters is obvious, potentially because of poor data resolution for
subduction zone parameters and scatter in my earthquake datasets. In regions where high quality data
exist, it is possible to describe earthquake rupture process variations in terms of variations in the
subduction zone structure. Chapter 5 presents detailed earthquake source analyses along with recently
available bathymetry data and correlates rupture process complexity with distinct features on the
subducting Cocos plate off the western coast of Costa Rica. These projects combine in a multi-scale
examination of earthquake rupture processes in subduction zones to suggest both depth dependent and
lateral variations that can be tied to material properties and structures within the subduction zone
system.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 547 Bending-related faulting and mantle serpentinization at the Middle
America trench / Ranero, C.R.; Morgan, J.P.; McInstosh, K.D.; Reichert, C. (GEOMAR. Department of
Volcanology & Petrology; Wischhofstrasse 1-3, D-24148, Kiel, DE <E-mail: cranero@geomar.de> <Email: kirk@utig.ig.utexas.edu>). In: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836), v. 425, p. 367-373. 2003.
The dehydration of subducting oceanic crust and upper mantle has been inferred both to promote the
partial melting leading to arc magmatism and to induce intraslab intermediate-depth earthquakes, at
depths of 50-300 km. Yet there is still no consensus about how slab hydration occurs or where and how
much chemically bound water is stored within the crust and mantle of the incoming plate. Here we
document that bending-related faulting of the incoming plate at the Middle America trench creates a
pervasive tectonic fabric that cuts across the crust, penetrating deep into the mantle. Faulting is active
across the entire ocean trench slope, promoting hydration of the cold crust and upper mantle
surrounding these deep active faults. The along-strike length and depth of penetration of these faults are
also similar to the dimensions of the rupture area of intermediate-depth earthquakes.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1051.
Publicación No.: 548 Seismic constraints on the crustal structure of Cocos Ridge off the coast
of Costa Rica / Trummer, I.; Flueh, E.R. (University of Kiel. GEOMAR Research Center of Marine
Geosciences, Wischhofstr 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, DE <E-mail: eflueh@geomar.de>). In: Neues Jahrbuch für
Geologie und Palaeontologie. Abhandlungen (ISSN 0077-7749), v. 225, no. 1, p. 25-37. 2002.
In late 1999, seismic and seismological investigations were carried out on the continental margin of
Costa Rica. Besides conventional wide angle refraction profiles, airgun shots were fired on a sub circular
profile around Osa Peninsula into Golfo Dulce and were recorded by 20 ocean bottom hydrophones
deployed along the crest of Cocos Ridge and by 13 scismometers across the ridge. The resulting uneven
distribution of shots and receivers does not allow for a full 3D-tomographic inversion. However, for
selected parts detailed velocity information can be obtained providing constraints on the structure of the
subsurface. Preliminary results indicate that Cocos Ridge has a bowl-shaped crustal root with a thickness
of nearly 20 km in its center and only small changes along strike within the first 50 km seaward of the
Middle America trench.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 549 2D numerical modelling of hydrocarbon generation at an active
continental margin - Costa Rica / Lutz, R.; Littke, R. (Federal Institute of Geosciences & Natural
Resources BGR, Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, DE <E-mail: r.lutz@bgr.de>). Geofluids Meeting. IV,
Utrecht NL, May 12-16, 2003. In: Journal of Geochemical Exploration (ISSN 0375-6742), v. 78, no. 9, p.
227-230. 2003.
The petroleum system of the subduction zone of Costa Rica was examined in a numerical basin
modelling study. Three models with varying subduction velocities (30, 60, 90 mm/year) were calculated.
The calculated temperature distribution shows that the temperature field is heavily disturbed in all
models. The amount of subducted organic carbon is high due to the high-subduction velocity. Migration
of oil and gas towards the sea floor does not occur due to the low migration velocities.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2209.
Publicación No.: 550 Geodynamic evolution of the Galapagos hot spot system (Central East
Pacific) over the past 20 m.y.: Constraints from morphology, geochemistry, and magnetic
anomalies - art. no. 1108 / Werner, R.; Hoernle, K.; Barckhausen, U.; Hauff, F. (Tethys Geoconsuting
GmbH,
Wischhofstr
1-3,
D-24148
Kiel,
DE
<E-mail:
rwerner@geomar.de>
<E-mail:
khoernle@geomar.de>). In: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems [an electronic journal of the earth
sciences] (ISSN 1525-2027), v. 4, no. 12, p. 1108-1136. 2003.
We report results of magnetic data from the Nazca Plate and of geochemical (major element and Sr-NdPb-isotope) analyses of rocks dredged from the Galapagos hot spot tracks (Cocos, Carnegie, Malpelo and
Coiba Ridges and adjacent seamounts) in the Central East Pacific. Magnetic anomalies indicate that the
228
Malpelo and Carnegie Ridges were once attached and that seafloor spreading separated the two ridges
between 14.5 Ma and 9.5 Ma. The variations in Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic composition show that three of
themantle components currently observed at the Galapagos (Central, Southern, and Eastern) existed in
the hot spot for at least 20 m. y., whereas the Northern Galapagos mantle component has been present
for at least similar to 15 Ma. Our data are consistent with the existence of a compositionally
zoned/striped Galapagos plume since similar to 20 Ma. Combined constraints from the morphology of
the hot spot tracks, the magnetic record, and the isotope geochemistry of the rock samples provide new
insights into the hot spot-ridge geometry and interaction of the Galapagos hot spot with the CocosNazca spreading center (CNS) over the past 20 m. y. At 19.5 Ma a ridge jump moved the spreading axis
to the northern edge of the hot spot. Between 19.5 and 14.5 Ma, the spreading axis was located above
the center of the hot spot. At 14.5 Ma, a new ridge jump moved the spreading axis to the south,
splitting the paleo-Carnegie Ridge into the present Carnegie and Malpelo Ridges. The repeated ridge
jumps reflect capture of the northwardly drifting spreading center by the Galapagos hot spot. At 11-12
Ma an offset of the spreading axis lay above the plume center. Spreading between the Carnegie and
Malpelo Ridges continued until 9.5 Ma.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2304.
Publicación No.: 551 Seismic tomography with local earthquakes in Costa Rica [Tomografía
sísmica con terremotos locales en Costa Rica] / Sallarès, V.; Dañobeitia, J.J.; Flueh, E.R. (CMIMA-CSIC.
Unitat de Tecnología Marina, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, ES <E-mail:
vsallares@utm.csic.es> <E-mail: eflueh@geomar.de>). International Symposium on Deep Seismic
Profiling of the Continents and their Margins. 8th , Barcelona ESSep. 20-25, 1998. In: Tectonophysics
(ISSN 0040-1951), v. 329, no. 1/4, p. 61-78. 2000.
The Costarican isthmus is located at the western limit of the Caribbean oceanic plateau, where the Cocos
plate subducts along the Middle American Trench. This plate shows strong lateral variations in its
morphology and structure. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of subductionrelated magmatism as a function of morphology and structure of the subducting plate, by performing a
simultaneous inversion of the 3-D crustal velocity field and hypocenter locations from local earthquakes.
For that, we used the traveltimes of P-waves first arrivals from more than 5000 events, recorded at the
Costarican seismic networks between 1991 and 1998. In order to prevent data and modeling
inaccuracies, we followed an inversion scheme consisting of four steps. (1) Selection of an adequate data
subset for tomographic inversion, (2) estimation of the best reference 1-D model, (3) determination of
the finest parameterization and (4) evaluation of resolution. The results show that the uppermost levels
of the crust (0-6 km) are consistent with geology, since the velocity anomalies reflect the most
meaningful geological features observed in the surface. Below these levels (6-20 km deep), we found
two different zones separated by a SW-NE seismicalignment. The northern part is characterized by a
highly heterogeneous velocity field and is seismically active, while the southern part is much more
homogeneous and practically inactive. Moreover, the northern part shows a certain accumulation of low
velocity material within the upper mantle. We suggest and illustrate that the structural differences
between the northern and southern zones can be a consequence of the differences on the geometry and
structure of the subducting slab.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2790.
Publicación No.: 552 Structure, inferred mechanical properties, and implications for fluid
transport in the décollement zone, Costa Rica convergent margin / Tobin, H.; Vannucchi, P.;
Meschede, M. (New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology. Department of Earth and Environmental
Science, Socorro, N.M. 87801, US <E-mail: tobin@nmt.edu> <E-mail: paolav@geo.unifi.it> <E-mail:
meschede@unigriefswald.de>). In: Geology (ISSN 0091-7613), v. 29, no. 10, p. 907-910. 2001.
Faults in a variety of tectonic settings can act as both conduits for and barriers to fluid flow, sometimes
simultaneously. Documenting the interaction between hydrologic and tectonic processes in active faults
in situ is the key to understanding their mechanical behavior and large-scale fluid transport properties.
We present observations of the plate boundary décollement zone at the Middle America Trench off Costa
Rica, showing that it is structurally divisible into an upper brittle-fracture-dominated domain overlying a
lower, ductile domain. Pore-water geochemical evidence shows that along-fault flow is occurring
specifically in the upper brittle domain, but is hydrologically isolated from fluids in the underlying
footwall sediments. We propose a model for the mechanics of these contrasting domains in which
differing stress paths coexist in the upper and lower parts of the décollement zone. The data suggest a
mechanically controlled permeability anisotropy at a scale of several meters to about 10 m across the
décollement zone. This documentation of separate yet simultaneously active mechanical and hydrologic
subregimes within a décollement provides a relatively simple explanation for enhanced along-fault
permeability coexisting with reduced cross-fault permeability, without requiring matrix-scale
permeability anisotropy.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1201.
Publicación No.: 553 Absence of Cocos plate subduction-related basic volcanism in southern
Mexico: A unique case on Earth? / Verma, S.P. (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Centro de
Investigación en Energía, Privada Xochicalco s/n, Colonia Centro, Temixco, Morelos 62580, MX <E-mail:
spv@mazatl.cie.unam.mx>). In: Geology (ISSN 0091-7613), v. 30, no. 12, p. 1095-1098. 2002.
The relationship between volcanism and subduction of the Cocos plate is examined on the basis of new
as well as published Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic and geochemical data on late Miocene to Holocene (ca. 9-0
Ma) basic volcanic rocks from southern Mexico and Central America. Basic rocks (with SiO2 52%) were
chosen in order to minimize the effects of crustal-assimilation processes and, therefore, to test the
229
contribution from deeper sources: the subducted Cocos plate and the mantle wedge. By using fluidmobile to relatively fluid-immobile elements and radiogenic isotope ratios for such rocks, I show that the
subduction of the Cocos plate does not contribute to the basic volcanism in all of southern Mexico as
opposed to that in Central America (from Guatemala to northwestern Costa Rica). South Mexican
volcanism is related to ongoing rifting processes, inferred from field geology, seismology, gravity,
tectonics, and volcano alignments. This lack of subduction relationship probably represents the first case
on Earth where the ongoing subduction of an oceanic plate does not give rise to basic volcanism, such as
is present throughout southern Mexico.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1204.
Publicación No.: 554 Lithium isotopic composition of Central American Volcanic Arc lavas:
implications for modifications of subarc mantle by slab-derived fluids: correction / Chan, L.H.;
Leeman, W.P.; You, C.F. (Louisiana State University. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Baton
Rouge, LA 70803-4101, US <E-mail: lchan@geol.lsu.edu>). In: Chemical Geology (ISSN 0009-2541),
v. 182, p. 293-300. 2002.
Our previously reported lithium isotope data for the least enriched members of the Central American
Volcanic Arc were in error due to problems in ion extraction from high MgO rocks. This paper presents
reanalyses of the entire suite of the CAVA lavasafter a systematic investigation of the elution behavior of
Li as a function of the rock composition. The most significant correction pertains to the mantle end
members of the Nicaragua and Costa Rica series, which now display MORB-like delta6 Li values (4.5%o) and not much lighter (+1%o to +3%o) as previously reported. Also revised is the composition of
a peridotite from Zabargad Island (Red Sea), considered to represent undepleted upper mantle, whose
corrected delta6 Li also resembles MORB. These newdata therefore remove the speculation that Earth's
primitive mantle has extremely light Li isotopic composition and that the mantle beneath CAVA contains
such isotopically light domains. The delta6 Li range for the arc segment from Costa Rica to Guatemala
has now been reset to - 4.5%o to - 6.4%o. Despite the narrower range, Li isotopic values remain well
correlated with other subduction-related properties, including LILE and fluid-mobile elements. Model
calculations show that the isotopic compositions of the lavas are consistent with small additions of slabderived fluids to the enriched and depleted domains of the subarc mantle.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9354.
Publicación No.: 555 Widespread fluid expulsion along the seafloor of the Costa Rica
convergent margin / Bohrmann, G.; Heeschen, K.; Jung, C.; Weinrebe, W.; Baranov, B.; Cailleau, B.;
Heath, R.; Hühnerback, V.; Hort, M.; Mason, D. (University of Kiel. GEOMAR Research Center of Marine
Geosciences, Wischhofstr 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, DE <E-mail: gbohrmann@geomar.de>). In: Terra Nova
(ISSN 0954-4879), v. 14, no. 2, p. 69-79. 2002.
Active fluid and gas transport were measured and observed along more than 200 km of the convergent
margin of Costa Rica during cruise S0144-2 aboard RV Sonne. Ten profiles were run with the TV-sled
OFOS, eight of which detected the dense occurrence of cold vent sites. This discovery shows that
seafloor fluid expulsion is widely spread along the Pacific margin of Costa Rica. Surficial evidence of fluid
expulsion is indicated by the appearance of chemosynthetic vent organisms such as bacterial mats,
vesicomyid, solemyid and mytilid bivalves and tubeworms. Numerous active vents were indicated by
elevated methane concentrations ( 200 nmol L-1) in the bottom water. Although fluid-venting activity
was known previously from a small area south of Nicoya Peninsula, the present study documents active
seepage at landslides, headwall scarps related to seamount subduction, morphological intersections of
faults and mid-slope mud volcanoes.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9364.
Publicación No.: 556 Geodynamic evolution of southern Costa Rica related to low-angle
subduction of the Cocos Ridge: constraints from thermochronology / Gräfe, K.; Frisch, W.; Villa.
I.M.; Meschede, M. (GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Tlegrafenberg, 14473 Postdam, DE <E-mail:
graefe@gfz-postdam.de> <E-mail: meschede@unigriefswald.de>). In: Tectonophysics (ISSN 00401951), v. 348, p. 187-204. 2002.
The Late Tertiary shallow subduction of the Cocos ridge under the Caribbean plate controlled the
evolution of the Cordillera de Talamanca in southeast Costa Rica, which is a mountain range that
consists mainly of granitoids fonned in a volcanic arc setting. Fission track thennochronology using zircon
and apatite, as well as 40Ar-39Ar and Rb-Sr age data of amphibole and biotite in granitoid rocks
constrain the thermal history of the Cordillera de Talamanca and the age of onset of subduction of the
Cocos ridge. Shallow intrusion of granitoid melts resulted in fast and isobaric cooling. Aweighted mean
zircon fission track age (13 analyses) and Rh--Sr biotite ages of about 10 Ma suggest rapid cooling and
give minimum ages for granitoid emplacement. In some cases 40Ar-39Ar and Rb-Sr apparent ages of
amphibole and biotite are younger than the zircon fission track ages, which can he attributed to partial
resetting by hydrothermal alteration. Apatite fission track ages range from 4.8 to 1.7 Ma but - show no
correlation with the 3090-m elevation span over which they were sampled. The apatite ages seem to
indicate rapid exhumation caused by tectonic and isostatic processes. The combination of the apatite
fission track ages with subduction parameters of theCocos plate such as subduction angle, plate
convergence rate and distance of the Cordillera de Talamanca to the trench implies that the Cocos ridge
entered the Middle America Trench between 5.5 and 3.5 Ma.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S9365.
Publicación No.: 557 Fast rates of subduction erosion along the Costa Rica Pacific margIn:
Implications for nonsteady rates of crustal recycling at subduction zones / Vannucchi, P.;
230
Ranero, C.R.; Galeotti, S.; Straub, S.M.; Scholl, D.W.; McDougall-Ried, K. (Università di Modena.
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Piazzale San Eufemia 19, I-41100 Modena, IT <E-mail:
paolav@geo.unifi.it> <E-mail: cranero@geomar.de>). In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
(ISSN 0148-0227), v. 108, no. B11, 2511, doi:10.1029/2002JB002207. 2003.
[1] At least since the middle Miocene (similar to16 Ma), subduction erosion has been the dominant
process controlling the tectonic evolution of the Pacific margin of Costa Rica. Ocean Drilling Program Site
1042 recovered 16.5 Ma nearshore sediment atsimilar to3.9 km depth, similar to7 km landward of the
trench axis. The overlying Miocene to Quaternary sediment contains benthic foraminifera documenting
margin subsidence from upper bathyal (similar to 200 m) to abyssal (similar to2000 m) depth. The rate
of subsidence was low during the early to middle Miocene but increased sharply in the late Miocene-early
Pliocene (5-6.5 Ma) and at the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary (2.4 Ma). Foraminifera data, bedding dip,
and the geometry of slope sediment indicate that tilting of the forearc occurred coincident with the onset
of rapid late Miocene subsidence. Seismic images show that normal faulting is widespread across the
continental slope; however, extension by faulting only accounts for a minor amount of the post-6.5 Ma
subsidence. Basal tectonic erosion is invoked to explain the subsidence. The short-term rate of removal
of rock from the forearc is about 107-123 km(3) Myr(-1) km(-1). Mass removal is a nonsteady state
process affecting the chemical balance ofthe arc: the ocean sediment input, with the short-term erosion
rate, is a factor of 10 smaller than the eroded mass input. The low Be-10 concentration in the volcanic
arc of Costa Rica could be explained by dilution with eroded material. The late Mioceneonset of rapid
subsidence is coeval with the arrival of the Cocos Ridge at the subduction zone. The underthrusting of
thick and thermally younger ocean crust decreased the subduction angle of the slAB: along a large
segment of the margin and changed the dynamic equilibrium of the margin taper. This process may
have induced the increase in the rate of subduction erosion and thus the recycling of crustal material to
the mantle.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1654.
Publicación No.: 558 Control of seafloor roughness on earthquake rupture behavior / Bilek,
S.L.; Schwartz, S.Y.; De Shon, H.R. (New Mexico Tech. Earth and Environmental Science Department,
801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, US <E-mail: sbilek@ees.nmt.edu>). In: Geology (ISSN 00917613), v. 31, no. 5, p. 455-458. 2003.
The influence of subducting-plate topography on large earthquake ruptures was investigated. The
rupture characteristics of 3 recent large underthrusting earthquakes along the Costa Rican subduction
zone--the 1983 Osa, 1990 Nicoya Gulf, and 1999 Quepos events, which occurred in regions
characterized by very different morphological features on the subducting plate--were compared. Simple
rupture histories for the 1990 and 1999 events indicate that these earthquakes involved the rupture of
one or more closely spaced asperities that are common in the seamount and Quepos Plateau domain
along central Costa Rica. However, areas adjacent to Cocos Ridge subduction are subject to earthquakes
that have more complex rupture histories, such as the 1983 event. Thus, seamounts can be subducted
to seismogenic depths, and variations in the sea floor bathymetry of the subducting plate may have a
strong effect on the earthquake rupture process.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1505.
Publicación No.: 559 Subduction-zone structure and magmatic processes beneath Costa Rica
constrained by local earthquake tomography and petrological modelling [La estructura de
subducción y los procesos magmáticos bajo Costa Rica oprimidos por la tomografía de un terremoto
local y modelado petrológico] / Husen, S.; Quintero, R.; Kissling, E.; Hacker, B.R. (Institute of
Geophysics, ETH Hoenggerberg, Zurich, CH <E-mail: rq@geofys.uu.se>). In: Geophysical Journal
International (ISSN 0956-540X), v. 155, no. 1, p. 11-32. 2003.
A high-quality data set of 3790 earthquakes were simultaneously inverted for hypocentre locations and
3-D P-wave velocities in Costa Rica. Tests with synthetic data and resolution estimates derived from the
resolution matrix indicate that the velocity model is well constrained in central Costa Rica to a depth of
70 km; northwestern and southeastern Costa Rica are less well resolved owing to a lack of seismic
stations and seismicity. Maximum H2O content and seismic wave speeds of mid-ocean ridge basalt and
harzburgite were calculated for metamorphic phase transformations relevant to subduction. Both the 3-D
P-wave velocity structure and petrological modelling indicate the existence of low-velocity hydrous
oceanic crust in the subducting Cocos Plate beneath central Costa Rica. Intermediate-depth seismicity
correlates well with the predicted locations of hydrous metamorphic rocks, suggesting that dehydration
plays a key role in generating intermediate-depth earthquakes beneath Costa Rica. Wadati-Benioff zone
seismicity beneath central Costa Rica shows a remarkable decrease in maximum depth toward
southeastern Costa Rica. The presence of asthenosphere beneath southeastern Costa Rica, which
entered through a proposed slab window, may explain the shallowing of seismicity due to increased
temperatures and associated shallowing of dehydration of the slab. Tomographic images further
constrain the existence of deeply subducted seamounts beneath central Costa Rica. Large, low P-wave
velocity areas within the lower crust are imaged beneath the southeastern most volcanoes in central
Costa Rica. These low velocities may represent anomalously hot material or even melt associated with
active volcanism in central Costa Rica. Tomographic images and petrological modelling indicate the
existence of a shallow, possibly hydrated mantle wedge beneath central Costa Rica.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1477.
Publicación No.: 560 Fluid flow through active mud Dome Mound Culebra offshore Nicoya
Peninsula, Costa Rica: evidence from heat flow surveying / Grevemeyer, I.; Kopf, A.J.; Fekete,
N.; Kaul, N.; Villinger, H.W.; Heesemann, M.; Wallmann, K.; Spiess, V.; Gennerich, H.H.; Müller, M.;
231
Weinrebe, W. (University of Kiel. IFM, GEOMAR, Dynam Ozeanbodens FB4, Wischhofstrasse 1-3 -24148
Kiel). In: Marine Geology (ISSN 0025-3227), v. 207, no. 1/4, p. 145-157. 2004.
Mud extrusion is frequently observed as a dewatering phenomenon in compressional tectonic settings
such as subduction zones. Along the Middle American Trench, several of these features have been
recently discovered. This paper presents a heat flow study of actively venting Mound Culebra, offshore
Nicoya Peninsula, and is complemented by data from geophysical surveys and coring. The mud diapir is
characterised by methane emission and authigenic carbonate formation at its crest, and is composed of
overconsolidated scaly clays and clast-bearing muds. Compared with the conductive background heat
flow, the flux through the mud dome is elevated by 10-20 mW/m(2), possibly related to advection of
heat by fluids rising from greater depth. Decreased chlorinity in the pore waters from gravity cores may
support a deep-seated fluid origin. Geothermal measurements across the mound and temperature
measurements made with outriggers on gravity corers were corrected for the effects of thermal
refraction, forced by the topography of the mound. Corrected values roughly correlate with the
topography, suggesting advection of heat by fluids rising through the mound, thereby generating the
prominent methane anomaly over the dome and nurturing vent biota. However, elevated values occur
also to the southeast of the mound. We believe that the overconsolidated clays and carbonates on the
crest form an almost impermeable lid. Fluids rising from depth underneath the dome are therefore
partially channelled towards the flanks of the mound.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1525.
Publicación No.: 561 An 8-10 Ma tectonic event on the Cocos Plate offshore Costa Rica: Result
of Cocos Ridge collision? - art. no. L18601 / Silver, E.A.; Pisani, P.C.; Hutnak, M.; Fisher, A.T.; de
Shon, H.R.; Taylor, B. (University of California, Department of Earth Sciences, Santa Cruz, CA 95064,
US <E-mail: esilver@es.ucsc.edu> <E-mail: afisher@es.ucsc.edu>). In: Geophysical Research Letters
(ISSN 0094-8276), v. 31, no. 18, p. 18601. 2004.
Upper oceanic crust within the Cocos Plate offshore northwestern Costa Rica is dominated by sill
intrusions of various ages, recognized regionally as smooth, high amplitude seismic reflections at the
base of the sedimentary sequence and locally by dolerites and microgabbros recovered by drilling.
Earlier interpretation of seafloor magnetic anomalies documented a set of spreading ridge jumps at 19.5
and 14.5 Ma, continuing to the present. In addition to these events, we present evidence for a
widespread tectonic event in the period 8 - 10 Ma displayed in reflection seismic data recorded during
the Ticoflux 1 and 2 experiments and dated by seismic correlation to ODP Site 1039. The 8 - 10 Ma
events may have been triggered by collision of the Cocos Ridge at this time and facilitated by
widespread sill intrusion associated with the Galapagos Hot Spot.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1959.
Publicación No.: 562 Character of sediments entering the Costa Rica subduction zone:
Implications for partitioning of water along the plate interface / Spinelli, G.A.; Underwood, M.B.
(New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology. Department of Earth and Environmental Science,
Socorro, N.M. 87801, US <E-mail: spinelli@ees.nmt.edu>). In: The Island Arc (ISSN 1038-4871), v. 13,
no. 3, p. 432-451. 2004.
Sediments deposited off the Nicoya Peninsula advect large volumes of water as they enter the Costa
Rica subduction zone. Seismic reflection data, together with results from Ocean Drilling Program Leg
170, show that hemipelagic mud comprises the uppersimilar to135 m of the sediment column (ranging
from 0 to 210 m). The lower similar to 215 m of the sediment column (ranging from 0 to 470 m) is
pelagic carbonate ooze. We analyzed samples from 60 shallow (7 m) cores to characterize the spatial
variability of sediment composition on the incoming Cocos Plate. The bulk hemipelagic sediment is 10
wt% opal and 60 wt% smectite on average, with no significant variations along strike; the pelagic chalk
contains approximately 2 wt% opal and 1 wt% smectite. Initially, most of the water (96%) in the
subducting sediment is stored in pore spaces, but the pore water is expelled during the early stages of
subduction by compaction and tectonic consolidation. Approximately 3.6% of the sediment's total water
volume enters the subduction zone as interlayer water in smectite; only 0.4% of the water is bound in
opal. Once subducting strata reach depths greater than 6 km (more than 30 km inboard of the
subduction front), porosity drops to less than 15%, and temperature rises to greater than 60°C. Under
those conditions, discrete pulses of opal and smectite dehydration should create local compartments of
fluid overpressure, which probably influence fluid flow patterns and reduce effective stress along the
plate boundary fault.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1791.
Publicación No.: 563 Middle Miocene to present plate tectonic history of the southern Central
American Volcanic Arc [Historia de la placa tectónica del sur del arco volcánico centroamericano desde
el Mioceno Medio hasta el presente] / McMillan, I.; Gans, P.B.; Alvarado-Induni, G.E. (University of
California at Santa Barbara. Department of Geological Sciences, 1006 Webb Hall, Santa Barbara, CA
93106-9630, US <E-mail: ian_macmillan@umail.ucsb.edu> <E-mail: gainduni@cariari.ucr.ac.cr>). In:
Tectonophysics (ISSN 0040-1951), v. 392, no. 1/4, p. 325-348. 2004.
New mid Miocene to present plate tectonic reconstructions of the southern Central American Volcanic Arc
(CAVA) reveal that the inception of Cocos Ridge subduction began no earlier than 3 Ma, and possibly as
late as 2 Ma. The Cocos Ridge has been displaced from the Malpelo Ridge to the southeast since about 9
Ma along the Panama Fracture Zone (PFZ) system. Ambiguous PFZ and Coiba Fracture Zone (CFZ)
interaction since about 9 Ma precludes conclusively establishing the age of initial Cocos Ridge
subduction. Detailed reconstructions based on magnetic anomalies offshore reveal several other
variations in subduction parameters beneath southern Central America that preceded subduction of the
232
Cocos Ridge, including southeastward migration of the Nazca-Cocos-Caribbean triple junction along the
Middle America Trench (MAT) from 12 Ma to present, and subduction of ? 2 km high scarps both parallel
and perpendicular to the trench from 6 to about 1 Ma. The timing of changes in subduction processes
has commonly been determined by (and correlated with) geologic changes in the upper plate. However,
reliable 40Ar/39Ar dating of these events has become available only recently [Abstr. Programs-Geol.
Soc. Am. (2002)]. These new dates better constrain the magmatic and structural history of southern
Costa Rica. Observations from this data set include: a gap in the volcanic record from 11 to 6 Ma, which
coincides temporally with emplacement of most plutons in southern Costa Rica, normal arc volcanism
ceased after 3.5 Main southern Costa Rica, and Pliocene (mostly about 1.5 Ma) adakite volcanism was
widely distributed from central Panama to southern Costa Rica (though volumetrically insignificant). This
new data reveals that many geologic phenomena, commonly attributed to subduction and underplating
of the buoyant Cocos Ridge, in fact precede inception of Cocos Ridge subduction and seem to correlate
more favorably in time with earlier tectonic events. Adakite volcanic activity corresponds in space and
time with the subduction of a large scarp associated with a tectonic boundary off southern Panama.
Regional unconformities and an 11-6 Ma gap in arc volcanism match temporally with oblique subduction
of the Nazca plate beneath central and southern Costa Rica. Cessation of volcanic activity, lowtemperature cooling of plutons in the Cordillera de Talamanca (CT), and rapid increases in sedimentation
in the fore-arc and back-arc basins coincide with passage of the Nazca-Cocos-Caribbean triple junction
and initiation of subduction of ''rough'' crust associated with Cocos-Nazca rifting 3.5 Ma, closely followed
by initial subduction of the Cocos Ridge 2-3 Ma. None of the aforementioned geologic events occurred at
a time that would allow for underplating by the Cocos Ridge. Rather they are probably related to
complex interactions with subduction of complicated plates offshore. All of the aforementioned events
indicate that the southern Central American subduction system has been in flux since at least about 12
Ma.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1751.
Publicación No.: 564 Space geodetic studies of crustal deformation in subduction zones: The
Central Andes and Costa Rica [Estudios geodésicos espaciales de la deformación de la corteza en
zonas de subducción: Los Andes Centrales y Costa Rica] / Norabuena, E.O. (University of Miami.
Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Sciences, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, US
<E-mail: enorabueana@rsmas.miami.edu>). Coral Gables, MI: University of Miami, 2004. 110 pp.
Dissertation, Ph.D., University of Miami at Coral Gables (USA).
Subduction zones are regions that account for most of the total energy released by large earthquakes
around the world. Two of these regions, the Costa Rica Margin and the southern Peru Margin, historically
prone to devastating earthquakes with severesocial and economic impact, are the focus of my
dissertation. I use GPS derived velocity fields estimated from time series of coordinates of campaign
stations deployed between 1994 and 2001 over the Costa Rica and Peru subduction zones to infer fault
geometry and slip distribution on the plate boundary, and study the corresponding seismogenic zones.
Regions of locking are associated with asperities that may break at the end of the corresponding
earthquake cycle; their area extent may signify amount of energy to be released. I also show that forearc motion in Costa Rica, as well as postseismic relaxation, are factors that contribute to or alter the
observed velocity fields and must be taken into account.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 565 Subduction dynamics at the Middle America Trench: New constraints
from swath bathymetry, multichannel seismic data, and beryllium-10 / Kelly, R.K. Cambridge,
MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. 334 pp. Dissertation, Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, MA (USA).
The cosmogenic radionuclide 10Be is a unique tracer of shallow sediment Subduction in volcanic arcs.
The range in 10Be enrichment in the Central American Volcanic Arc between Guatemala and Costa Rica
is not controlled by variations in 10Be concentrations in subducting sediment seaward of the Middle
America Trench. Sedimentary 10Be is correlated negatively with 143Nd/144 Nd, illustrating that 10Be
concentrations varied both between and within cores due to mixing between terrigenous clay and
volcanic ash endmember components. This mixing behavior was determined to be a function of grain
size controls on 10Be concentrations. A negative correlation of bulk sedimentary 10Be concentrations
with median grain size and a positive correlation with the proportion of the sediment grains that were 32
?m in diameter demonstrated that high concentrations of 10Be in fine-grained, terrigenous sediments
were diluted by larger grained volcanogenic material. The sharp decrease in 10Be enrichment in the
Central American Volcanic Arc between southeastern Nicaragua and northwestern Costa Rica correlates
with changes in fault structure in the subducting Cocos plate. Offshore of Nicaragua, extensional faults
associated with plate bending have throw equal to or greater than the overlying subducting sediment
thickness. These faults enable efficient Subduction of the entire sediment package by preventing
relocation of the décollement within the downgoing sediments. Offshore of Costa Rica, the reduction of
fault relief results in basement faults that do not penetrate the overlying sediment. A conceptual model
is proposed in which the absence of significant basement roughness allows the decollement to descend
into the subducting sediment column, leading to subsequent underplating and therefore removal of the
bulk of the sediment layer that contains 10Be. Basement fault relief was linearly related to plate
curvature and trench depth. The systematic shoaling of the plate from southeastern Nicaragua to
northwestern Costa Rica is not explained by changes in plate age for this region. Instead, it is
hypothesized that the flexural shape of the plate offshore of southeastern Nicaragua and northwestern
Costa Rica represents a lateral response to a buoyant load caused by the thick crust and elevated
thermal regime in the Cocos plate offshore of southeastern Costa Rica.
233
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 566 Imaging the lower slope, offshore Nicaragua and Costa Rica using a new
residual migration velocity analysis technique in the space-offset domain / Ahmed, I. (The
University of Texas. Institute for Geophysics, 4412 Spicewood Springs Road, Austin, TX 78759-8500,
US). Austin, TX: The University of Texas, 2003. 181 pp. Dissertation, Ph.D., The University of Texas at
Austin (USA).
There is a dramatic variation in geochemical sediment tracer signal along the Central American volcanic
arc. Two contradicting theories, one supporting sediment accretion and the other subduction erosion,
have been suggested as possible explanations for these variations. My goal in this dissertation is to use
seismic images of the lower slope off Nicaragua and Costa Rica to study the influence of subducting plate
structure on sediment dynamics. I am particularly interested in documenting the efficiency of sediment
subduction, its along strike variation, and to see if it corresponds with the geochemical anomalies.
Although high quality seismic data was acquired offshore Nicaragua, it remained difficult to image the
lower slope in detail with conventional processing techniques. Several characteristics of this geologic
environment pose seismic imaging problems: the area is heavily faulted, adjacent reflection boundaries
have contrasting dips, and the velocity structure is complex. In this environmentthe common midpoint
gathers do not represent a collection of true common subsurface reflection points. To get a clearer
image, I needed to apply pre-stack depth migration (PSDM) techniques. An accurate velocity model is
required to get a good PSDM image.Therefore one of the most important aspects of PSDM is velocity
analysis. Over the last few decades, residual migration velocity analysis (RMVA) has been an area of
active research. Previous work on RMVA in the depth-offset domain required top down layerstripping
migration in order to derive the interval velocities directly, hence making it very computationally
intensive. Here I propose a new technique in which for each common image gather (CIG) we first create
a table of offset-ray parameters-depth (x-p-z) using a local 1D assumption. Then I calculate the residual
migration depth corrections in the p-z domain and finally map these depth corrections back to the x-z
domain using the x-p-z table. Since I calculate the residual migration depth corrections in the p-z
domain, the interval velocities are derived directly by top down residual migration. Hence I do not have
to explicitly do the layer stripping migration followed by residual normal moveout to get the interval
velocities. The velocities generated by using the above RMVA technique produce interpretable depth
images of the lower slope off Nicaragua and Costa Rica. From these images I interpret partial sediment
accretion off Costa Rica and likely total sediment subduction off Nicaragua, and therefore provide a
geophysical evidence for the observed geochemical disparity along this margin.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 567 Geodetic and seismic constraints on some seismogenic zone processes in
Costa Rica / Norabuena, E.O.; Dixon, T.H.; Schwartz, S.Y.; DeShon, H.R.; Newman, A.; ProttiQuesada, J.M.; González, V.; Dorman, L.M.; Flueh, E.R.; Lundgren, P.; Pollitz, F.; Sampson, D.
(University of Miami. Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Sciences, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway,
Miami, FL 33149, US <E-mail: enorabueana@rsmas.miami.edu> <E-mail: tdixon@rsmas.miami.edu>
<E-mail: sschwartz@es.ucsc.edu> <E-mail: hdeshon@es.ucsc.edu> <E-mail: anewman@lanl.gov> <Email: jprotti@una.ac.cr> <E-mail: vgonzale@una.ac.cr> <E-mail: eflueh@ifm-geomar.de> <E-mail:
paul@weed.jpl.nasa.gov> <E-mail: fpollitz@usgs.gov>). In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid
Earth (ISSN 0148-0227), v. 109, no. B11, p. B11403. 2004.
[1] New seismic and geodetic data from Costa Rica provide insight into seismogenic zone processes in
Central America, where the Cocos and Caribbean plates converge. Seismic data are from combined land
and ocean bottom deployments in the Nicoya peninsula in northern Costa Rica and near the Osa
peninsula in southern Costa Rica. In Nicoya, inversion of GPS data suggests two locked patches centered
at 14 ± 2 and 39 ± 6 km depth. Interplate microseismicity is concentrated in the more freely slipping
intermediate zone, suggesting that small interseismic earthquakes may not accurately outline the updip
limit of the seismogenic zone, the rupture zone for future large earthquakes, at least over the short
(similar to 1 year) observation period. We also estimate northwest motion of a coastal "sliver block" at 8
± 3 mm/yr, probably related to oblique convergence. In the Osa region to the south, convergence is
orthogonal to the trench. Cocos-Caribbean relative motion is partitioned here, with similar to 8 cm/yr on
the Cocos-Panama block boundary (including a component of permanent shortening across the Fila
Costeña fold and thrust belt) and similar to 1 cm/yr on the Panama block - Caribbean boundary. The
GPS data suggest that the Cocos plate - Panama block boundary is completely locked from similar to 10
- 50 km depth. This large locked zone, as well as associated forearc and back-arc deformation, may be
related to subduction of the shallow Cocos Ridge and/or younger lithosphere compared to Nicoya, with
consequent higher coupling and compressive stress in the direction of plate convergence.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1895.
Publicación No.: 568 Evidence for serpentinization of the forearc mantle wedge along the
Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica / DeShon, H.R.; Schwartz, S.Y. (University of California. Earth Sciences
Department and Institute of Geophysics & Planetary Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, US <E-mail:
hdeshon@es.ucsc.edu> <E-mail: sschwartz@es.ucsc.edu>). In: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN
0094-8276), v. 31, no. 21, p. L21611. 2004.
Characterizing the hydration state of the forearc mantle wedge yields valuable information on frictional
stability at the downdip edge of subduction megathrusts. Simultaneous inversion of P- and S-wave
arrival times collected as part of the Costa Rica Seismogenic Zone Experiment yields 1D and 3D P- and
S-wave velocity models (V-P and V-S) for the Nicoya Peninsula segment of the Middle America Trench.
Nicoya Peninsula 1D velocity models show similar velocity gradients to country-wide 1D velocity models
234
from 5-30 km depth but diverge at expected Moho depths due to proximity to the subducting Cocos
plate. 3D V-P values range from 7.2-7.6 km/sec in the forearc mantle wedge. Receiver functions
computed at Global Seismic Network station JTS in northwestern Costa Rica confirm these V-P values,
yield V-P/V-S of similar to1.85, and place the continental Moho at 36 +/- 4 km depth. V-P and V-P/V-S
are consistent with 15-25% serpentinization of the forearc mantle wedge.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1901.
Publicación No.: 569 Active thrusting in the inner forearc of an erosive convergent margin,
Pacific coast, Costa Rica - art. no. TC2007 / Fisher, D.M.; Gardner, T.W.; Sak, P.B.; Sánchez, J.D.;
Murphy, K.; Vannucchi, P. (Pennsylvania State University. Department of Geosciences, 333 Deike Bldg,
University Park, PA 16802, US <E-mail: fisher@geosc.psu.edu> <E-mail: tgardner@trinity.edu>). In:
Tectonics (ISSN 0278-7407), v. 23, no. 2, p. C2007-C2007. 2004.
Structural and geomorphic analyses of the Fila Costeña thrust belt in southwest Costa Rica indicate
active thrusting within the inner forearc. The Fila Costeña exposes three major thrust faults that
imbricate the late Tertiary forearc basin sequence of the Terraba basin. The frontal thrust of the Fila
Costeña marks the boundary between an uplifting inner forearc and a subsiding outer forearc, with only
local uplift astride the indenting Cocos Ridge. On the basis of surface constraints a cross section across
the thrust belt suggests that all three thrusts flatten into parallelism with a low-angle decollement
horizon near the contact between the basement and the cover sequence of the Terraba basin. This
decollement lies at a depth of similar to 4 km. The minimum shortening recorded by restoration of faultrelated folds is 17 km, or 45%. Observations of late Tertiary marine sediments, tilted and faulted late
Quaternary fluvial terraces, and raised Holocene marine terraces indicate that Fila Costeña uplift was
likely initiated in the Quaternary and is ongoing. Given that the coastal mountains are separated from
the Talamanca Range by a valley, the decollement that delaminates the forearc basin from the
underthrusting forearc must continue as a flat beneath the valley but must link with the plate boundary
along a crustal-scale ramp system, a structural geometry that has resulted in uplift of the Talamanca
Range, the highest peaks in Central America. The dichotomy between uplift in the inner forearc and
subsidence in the outer forearc is explained in terms of the response of an arcward thickening wedge to
rough, subducting crust.
Localización: No disponible.
Publicación No.: 570 Effects of subducting seafloor roughness on upper plate vertical
tectonism: Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica / Sak, P.B.; Fisher, D.M.; Gardner, T.W. (Bucknell University.
Department of Geology, Lewisburg, PA 17837, US <E-mail: psak@bucknell.edu> <E-mail:
fisher@geosc.psu.edu> <E-mail: fisher@geosc.psu.edu> <E-mail: tgardner@trinity.edu>). In: Tectonics
(ISSN 0278-7407), v. 23, no. 1, p. TC1017. 2004.
Subduction of seamounts and ridges along thinly sedimented convergent margins results in deformation
of the overriding forearc. Exposures of newly recognized late Pleistocene, shallow water deposits (i.e.,
Marenco formation) record intervals of rapidsubsidence and uplift across the Costa Rican forearc inboard
of the subducting Cocos Ridge. In general, the Marenco formation is a fining upward, fossiliferious, late
Pleistocene, marine sand disconformably overlying beveled surfaces cut across the competent Osa
melange basement. The similar to 50 to 27 ka age of the Marenco formation is constrained by 12
accelerator mass spectrometry and two conventional 14 C dates obtained on marine macrofossils. The
deposition of this sequence coincident with a general fall in sea level during oxygen isotope stage 3
requires >6 mm yr(-1) subsidence inboard of the northwest flank of the subducting Cocos Ridge.
Presently, exposures of the Marenco formation are found at 75 m above sea level, requiring uplift rates
in excess of 6 mm yr(-1). We interpret the down and up history of vertical tectonism recorded by the
Marenco formation as the response of the upper plate to variations in the elevation of the subducting
Cocos Ridge. On the basis of a model where the upper plate deforms through bends because of
roughness on a rigid downgoing plate, the rate, duration, and spatial distribution of vertical tectonism
across the forearc are determined by the magnitude of the orthogonal component of the relative
convergence vector and the bathymetry of the underthrusting plate. Application of this model to
bathymetric data for the Cocos plate offshore yields a broad agreement between predicted future rates
of subsidence and uplift and rates over the last 50 kyr recorded by the Marenco formation. Furthermore,
analysis suggests that the arrival of the blunt-tipped leading edge of the Cocos Ridge (0.5-3 Ma)
resulted in an initial period of very rapid (similar to30 mm yr(-1)) uplift.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1918.
Publicación No.: 571 The wet Nicaraguan slab [La placa húmeda nicaragüense] / Abers, G.A.; Plank,
T.; Hacker, B.R. (Boston University. Department of Earth Sciences, Boston, MA 02215, US). In:
Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276), v. 30, no. 2, 1098, p. 70/1-70/4. 2003.
Nicaraguan volcanoes show globally high concentrations of geochemical tracers from dehydration of
subducting crust, which may reflect a slab with unusually high amounts of H2O. To test this possibility,
we measure seismic velocities at the top of thesubducted plate and compare them with predictions for
hydrated mafic rocks. Regional seismic P waves for intraslab events at 100-150 km depth show a highfrequency late arrival, apparently trapped in a low-velocity waveguide 2.5-6 km thick at the top of the
downgoing plate, 14.5± 22% slower than surrounding mantle. The velocities can be explained by 5 wt %
H2O in the subducted crust, 2-3 times the hydration inferred for other slabs by similar methods. This
interpretation implies extensive hydration of the Cocos Plate off Nicaragua, perhaps enhanced by up-dip
fluid flow within the slab at 100 km depth.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: S10196.
235
Publicación No.: 572 Kinematics associated with late Cenozoic deformation in central Costa
Rica: Western boundary of the Panama microplate / Fisher, D.M.; Gardner, T.W.; Marshall, J.S.;
Montero-Pohly, W. (Pennsylvania State University. Department of Geosciences, University Park, PA
16802, US <E-mail: fisher@geosc.psu.edu> <E-mail: j_marshall@acad.fandm.edu> <E-mail:
tgardner@trinity.edu> <E-mail: wmontero@cariari.ucr.ac.cr>). In: Geology (ISSN 0091-7613), v. 22, p.
263-266. 1994.
We present kinematic data for late Cenozoic deformation in central Costa Rica that marks the western
margin of the Panama microplate (i.e., the Caribbean-Panama boundary). This boundary extends from
the North Panama deformed belt, west through the Valle Central in Costa Rica, and then southwest
along the East Nicoya Fracture Zone to intersect the Middle America Trench. Terrace correlation and
basin asymmetry indicate a major change in tectonic evolution across the boundary, where three
regional northeast-striking faults intersect the Pacific coast. Mesoscopic fault populations are consistent
with transtension across these northeast-striking faults and with transpression within the east-trending
Valle Central. This late Tertiary and Quaternary transcurrent deformation links the North Panama
deformed belt to the east with the Middle America Trench to the west. Earthquake focal mechanisms are
consistent with mesoscopic fault data, suggesting that fault populations characterize the present-day
stress field. This deformation marks the western extent of the Panama microplate, a fragment of
volcanic arc that separated from the Caribbean plate in the late Tertiary or early Quaternary and is
currently advancing northward due to collisions with South America to the east and the indenting Cocos
Ridge on the Cocos plate to the south.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1900.
Publicación No.: 573 Bookshelf faulting in Nicaragua / La Femina, P.C.; Dixon, T.H.; Strauch, W.
(University of Miami. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL 33149, US). In:
Geology (ISSN 0091-7613), v. 30, no. 8, p. 751-754. 2002.
Oblique subduction at a high rate of convergence along much of the Middle America Trench results in
northwest-directed trench-parallel block motion. Accommodation of this motion along northwest-striking
dextral strike-slip faults has been postulated; however, in Nicaragua such faults are not well developed.
We suggest instead that this motion is accommodated by bookshelf faulting that includes northeaststriking left-lateral faults. We present earthquake epicenter and focal mechanism data and mapped
fracture and fault data consistent with this model. Trenchward migration of the volcanic arc since the
Miocene and reactivation of northeast-striking Miocene structures may have led to the development of
this arc- and trench-normal fault system.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-1903.
Publicación No.: 574 Thermal structure of the Costa Rica - Nicaragua subduction zone
[Estructura térmica de la zona de subducción Costa Rica - Nicaragua] / Peacock, S.M.; van Keken, P.E.;
Holloway, S.D.; Hacker, B.R.; Abers, G.A.; Fergason, R.L. (Arizona State University. Department of
Geological Sciences, Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287, US <E-mail: peacock@asu.edu>). In: Physics of
the Earth and Planetary Interiors (ISSN 0031-9201), v. 149, no. 1/2, p. 187-200. 2005.
We constructed four high-resolution, finite-element thermal models across the Nicaragua - Costa Rica
subduction zone to predict the (i) thermal structure, (ii) metamorphic pressure (P)-temperature (T)
paths followed by subducting lithosphere, and (iii) loci and types of slab dehydration reactions. These
new models incorporate a temperature- and stress-dependent olivine rheology for the mantle-wedge
that focuses hot asthenosphere into the tip of the mantle-wedge. At P = 3 GPa (100 km depth),
predicted slab interface temperatures are similar to 800°C, about 170°C warmer than temperatures
predicted using an isoviscous mantle-wedge rheology. At the same pressure, predicted temperatures at
the base of 7 km thick subducting oceanic crust range from 500°C beneath SE Costa Rica to 400-440°C
beneath Nicaragua and NW Costa Rica. The high thermal gradients perpendicular to the slab interface
permit partial melting of subducting sediments while the underlying oceanic crust dehydrates, consistent
with recent geochemical studies of arc basalts. Hydrous eclogite is predicted to persist to - 120 km depth
beneath Nicaragua. This is slightly less than the - 150 km depth extent of a dipping low-seismic-velocity
wave guide which may reflect deeper persistence of metastable gabbro. Along-strike variations in the
calculated thermal structure are relatively minor compared to variations in the distribution of WadatiBenioff earthquakes and arc geochemistry, suggesting that regional variations in slab stresses, crustal
thickness, incoming sediment load, and the distribution of hydrous minerals in the incoming lithosphere
play important roles.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2182.
Publicación No.: 575 Seismic structure of the Carnegie ridge and the nature of the Galápagos
hotspot / Sallarès, V.; Charvis, P.; Flueh, E.R.; Bialas, J. (CMIMA-CSIC. Unitat de Tecnología Marina,
Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, ES <E-mail: vsallares@utm.csic.es> <E-mail:
philippe.charvis@obs-vlfr.fr> <E-mail: eflueh@geomar.de>). In: Geophysical Journal International
(ISSN 0956-540X), v. 161, p. 763-788. 2005.
The Galápagos volcanic province (GVP) includes several aseismic ridges resulting from the interaction
between the Galápagos hotspot (GHS) and the Cocos-Nazca spreading centre (CNSC). The most
prominent are the Cocos, Carnegie and Malpelo ridges. In this work, we investigate the seismic structure
of the Carnegie ridge along two profiles acquired during the South American Lithospheric Transects
Across Volcanic Ridges (SALIERI) 2001 experiment. Maximum crustal thickness is - 19 km in the central
Carnegie profile, located at -85'W over a 19-20 Myr old oceanic crust, and only ~13 km in the eastern
Carnegie profile, located at -82'W over a 11-12 Myr old oceanic crust. The crustal velocity models are
subsequently compared with those obtained in a previouswork along three other profiles over the Cocos
236
and Malpelo ridges, two of which are located at the conjugate positions of the Carnegie ones. Oceanic
layer 2 thickness is quite uniform along the five profiles regardless of the total crustal thickness
variations, hence crustal thickening is mainly accommodated by layer 3. Lower crustal velocities are
systematically lower where the crust is thicker, thus contrary to what would be expected from melting of
a hotter than normal mantle. The velocity-derived crustal density models account for the gravity and
depth anomalies considering uniform and normal mantle densities (3300 kg m-3), which confirms that
velocity models are consistent with gravity and topography data, and indicates that the ridges are
isostatically compensated at the base of the crust. Finally, a two-dimensional (2-D) steady-state mantle
melting model is developed and used to illustrate that the crust of the ridges does not seem to be the
product of anomalous mantle temperatures, even if hydrous melting coupled with vigorous subsolidus
upwelling is considered in the model. In contrast, we show that upwelling of a normal temperature but
fertile mantle source that may result from recycling of oceanic crust prior to melting, accounts more
easily for the estimated seismic structure as well as for isotopic, trace element and major element
patterns of the GVP basalts.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2732.
Publicación No.: 576 Crustal thickness constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the
Galapagos Volcanic Province / Sallarès, V.; Charvis, P. (CMIMA-CSIC. Unitat de Tecnología Marina,
Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, ES <E-mail: vsallares@utm.csic.es> <E-mail:
philippe.charvis@obs-vlfr.fr>). In: Earth and Planetary Science Letters (ISSN 0012-821X), v. 214, p.
545-559. 2003.
We developed a simple quantitative framework based on crustal thickness estimations along the
Carnegie, Cocos and Malpelo ridges, to place first-order constraints on the tectonic evolution of the
Galapagos Volcanic Province and on the along-axis intensity of the Galapagos melt anomaly during the
last 20 m.y. Our results suggest that the Cocos-Nazca spreading centre has migrated northwards at 26
±4 km/m.y. with respect to the Galapagos hotspot (GHS) during this period of time. At V20 m.y., the
GHS was approximately ridge-centered, and thus the along-axis intensity of the melt anomaly at this
time was the maximum. At V11.5 m.y. the hotspot was located 106 ± 27 km north of the spreading
center, and the along-axis intensity of the melt anomaly was 0.54± 0.04 of that estimated at 20 Ma. At
present day it is located at V190 km south of the spreading center and the along-axis intensity is only
0.19 ± 0.03 of that estimated at 20 Ma. These results are used to reconstruct the relative position
between the GHS and the Cocos-Nazca Spreading Center. The spreading center passed over the GHS for
the last time at 7.4 ± 1.3 Ma. The Panama fracture zone was initiated at 8.9 ± 1.6 Ma, leading to the
separation between the Cocos and Malpelo ridges. The present configuration of the Galapagos Volcanic
Province and the plate velocities are consistent with symmetric spreading with a mean full spreading
rate of V60 km/m.y. along the CNSC during the last 20 m.y. A melt flux for excess crustal production of
9.4 ±5.1m 3/sis obtained for the Galapagos melt anomaly at 20 Ma, implying that the maximum
potential intensity of the Galapagos plume is similar to that of the Icelandic plume and twice smaller
than the Hawaiian one.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2731.
Publicación No.: 577 Methane formation at Costa Rica continental margin - constraints for gas
hydrate inventories and cross-decollement fluid flow / Hensen, C.; Wallmann, K. (Universität Kiel.
IFM, GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, Dienstgebaude Ostufer, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, D-24148
Kiel, DE <E-mail: chensen@ifm-geomar.de> <E-mail: kwallmann@ifm-geomar.de>). In: Earth and
Planetary Science Letters (ISSN 0012-821X), v. 236, no. 1/2, p. 41-60. 2005.
We present a numerical model study in order to quantify the effects of organic carbon (POC) degradation
and fluid migration on methane and gas hydrate formation at ODP site 1040 (Costa Rica convergent
margin). Various model runs show that POC-degradation in upper plate sediments yields a potential for
methane hydrate formation between 0.8 and 2.5 vol.% of pore space. However, observed chlorinity
anomalies cannot be explained by the amount and the distribution pattern of gas hydrates. Moreover,
pore water profiles of ammonia do not match the observations. Setting up a moderate upward flow (0.03
cm yr-¹)) Of methane-enriched, low-chlorinity fluids (induced by dewatering of oceanic plate sediments)
leads to a good approximation to measured pore water profiles, thus enabling a precise estimate of POC
degradation kinetics. Fluid flow has a strong impact on the location of the upper limit of the modeled gas
hydrate occurrence zone (GHOZ) and may increase the total amount of gas hydrate by more than 50%.
Our best estimate of the amount of gas hydrate within the GHOZ is on average 1.65 vol.% of pore
space, which corresponds to about 2.5 Tg of methane per km trench within the frontal prism of slope
sediments. To comply with the fact that subducted pore waters are rich in sulfate and that there is
striking evidence for fluid conduits at various depths we performed additional model runs, where we
simulated fluid flow by using a Gauss-type rate law, allowing us to define distinct fluid sources. We can
demonstrate that combined methane production in the upper plate sediments and sulfate reduction at
the top of the down going slab is sufficient to prevent the upward movement of the zone of anaerobic
oxidation of methane (AOM) to above the decollement at givenupward advection rates. Steep pore water
gradients along the plate boundary can be explained by lateral backflow within oceanic plate sediments.
On a long term (in the order of at least some 100,000 years), fluid flow along conduits is likely to occur
atlow rates with temporarily increased pulses. All modeled runs are constrained by their compatibility to
observed pore water profiles.
Localización: Biblioteca OET: NBINA-2725.
Publicación No.: 578 Pulsed subduction accretion and tectonic erosion reconstructed since 2.5
Ma from the tephra record offshore Costa Rica / Clift, P.D.; Chan, L.H.; Blusztajn, J.; Layne, G.D.;
237
Kastner, M.; Kelly, R.K. (University of Aberdeen. Kings College, Department of Geology & Petrological
Geology, Meston Bldg, Aberdeen AB24 3UE Scotland, GB <E-mail: p.clift@abdn.ac.uk>). In:
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems [an electronic journal of the earth sciences] (ISSN 1525-2027),
v. 6, AR Q09016, p. 21. 2005.
[1] Tephra layers recovered by Ocean Drilling Program from the forearc and trench regions offshore the
Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica allow the temporal evolution of the volcanic arc to be reconstructed since
2.5 Ma. Major and trace element analyses by microprobe methods reveal a dominant tholeiitic character
and a provenance in the Costa Rican area. The tephra show long-term coherent variability in
geochemistry. One tephra dated at 1.45 Ma shows minimum values in epsilon(Nd) and maximum Li/Y
consistent with very high degrees of sediment recycling at this time. However, overall Li/Y and delta(7)Li
increase with SiO2 content, suggesting addition of heavy Li through forearc tectonic erosion and crustal
assimilation. Peak values in delta(7)Li startingat 1.45 Ma and lasting similar to 0.5 m. y. indicate
enhanced tectonic erosion of the forearc possibly caused by subduction of a seamount at 1.45 Ma. The
tephra record indicates significant temporal variability in terms of sediment subduction, reconciling the
geologic evidence for long-term tectonic erosion and geochemical evidence for recent sediment accretion
in the modern Central American arc.
Localización: No disponible.
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