Summary UNIT 7 Topic: Past Simple negative and questions. 1) Vocabulary: Transport. Aeroplane Scooter Tram Ship Helicopter Coach Ferry Train 2) Grammar: Complete the rule. To make the past simple negative, we use didn’t + the infinitive. For example: We didn’t go very fat at all. We didn’t want to take anything that we didn’t need. To make questions in the past simple, we use did + subject + infinitive. For example: How did you travel? Did you go through central Asia 3) Adjectives opposites Full Empty Clean Dirty Comfortable Uncomfortable Slow Fast Safe Dangerous Cheap Expensive 4) Writing Skills Linking ideas with after, when and while. Rules: We use when and while to join two activities that happen at the same time. We use when and after to join two activities that happen at different times. If the linking word is at the beginning of the sentence, we use a comma (,) between the two parts. For example: I often play basketball with my colleagues after I finish work. While I watch a game of football, I usually want to play a game myself. When I finish my English course, I’d like to go to Canada for a holiday. 5) Wordpower (get) Questions and answers Is Bella still single? No, she got married last year. What’s the best way to go to the city centre? You can get the bus Have a good journey. Thanks. I’ll phone you when I get home. Do you want milk in your coffee? Yes, please. Could you get some from the fridge? How’s Susie? She’s fine. I got an email from her last night. Summary UNIT 8 Topic: can/can’t, could/couldn’t for ability. 1) Vocabulary: Sport and exercise. do yoga Play badminton Ride a bike Dance Skate Ski 2) Grammar: Complete the rule. To talk about ability, we use can / can’t for the present and could / couldn’t for the past. For example: He couldn’t run around with the other children any more. But in their sports, they can do things that most people can’t. To make questions, we change to can you For example: Can you run that fast? 3) Parts of the body Head Back Neck Stomach Arm hand finger leg foot Toe 4) Writing Skills Linking ideas with however; adverbs of manner. Rules: Is the idea in the second sentence surprising after reading the idea in the first sentence? For example: I can only do very simple exercises. However I feel really fit. I started doing yoga about six year ago. However I can’t do the difficult positions. I feel off my bike and hurt my leg. However I didn’t stop riding 5) Wordpower (tell / say) Questions and answers Say hello/goodbye / thank you/ sorry. Tell a story/ the truth/ a joke Summary UNIT 9 Topic: Present simple or present continuous 1) Vocabulary Shopping: A chemist A department store A fast food restaurant A bookshop A clothes shop A café Clothes. Lucas: Socks Shoes Scarf Trousers Boots Shirt Diana Dress Gloves Raincoat Earrings Jeans Jumper 2) Grammar Present continuous We use be + verb + -ing to talk about: a: Now 1. Positive +: I´m reading magazine 2. Negative -: I´m not drinking coffee 3. Yes/No questions (?) Are you parking the car? For example: Where are you? I´m just getting some cash. Are you having a coffee? No, I´m just buying that new book. Where are you waiting for us? b: all the time. I´m standing by the entrance. Are you buying furniture? No, we aren´t buying anything. Tip We don’t use have for possession in continuous sentences: I have a new car. NOT I´m having a new car. She has red hair. NOT She´s having red hair. We can use have for actions in continuous sentences: We´re having dinner right now I´m not having fun. 3) Conversation skill We use to saying something nice: For example: That looks great It look really good on you 4) Writing skills Writing formal and informal emails. Formal email: Dear Mr Jones. I´d just like to thank you very much for the MP3 player you got me for a leaving present. I´ve already got over 500 songs on it and I use it all the time. Best of luck for the future. Regards Lucy. Informal email. Hi Paul Mani thank for your help when mi car didn´t star last night. I really need to buy a new one. Thanks once again. Judy. 5) Wordpower Correct the sentences: Hi, Sally! I´m really enjoying my holiday in London. Jane is looking for a new dress in that new clothes shop. Don´t waste time trying to find the street on your satnav. Just ask that woman over there. Summary UNIT 10 Topic: Comparative and Superlative adjectives 1. Vocabulary Download a file Download a document Click on a link Visit a website Log on to a website Log on to a computer Save a document Save a file 2. Grammar Comparative adjectives We use a comparative adjective+ than to compare two or more things, people, etc. 4. Short adjectives (e.g light) add er: hard: harder 5. Write more before long adjective (e.g. expensive) Interesting: more interesting 6. Some adjectives are irregular (e.g. good, bad) Good: better Bad: worse For example: Most people think a tablet is heavier than a smartphone. Most people think a smartphone is better than a tablet. Tip Good and bad are irregular: Good: better Bad: worse Superlative adjectives We use superlative form of adjectives to talk about extremes. We usually use the before superlatives. 1. Short adjectives (e.g. hard) add est: Small: smaller 2. Write most before long adjectives (e.g. musical): Expensive: most expensive 3. Some adjectives are irregular (e.g. good, bad): Good: the best Bad: the worst For example: Signora Monti was the best teacher at my school. The hardest language to learn is Basque. Spanish is the easiest language to learn. Tip Good and bad are irregular: Good: the best Bad: the worst 3. Conversation skill We use so first, like this, is that right: For example: So first I touch this button? And it takes me to a new screen. Like this? And I touch ‘Yes. Is that right? 4. Writing skills Linking ideas with also, too and well. Where does the word also come in each sentence? 1. After a main verb (get, send, live...) 2. Before an auxiliary verb (be, have, can…) 3. At the beginning of a new sentence. 5. Wordpower most Questions and answers Most of the people we know here are Italian, so when people come to our house we speak Italian….. most of the time, but most of them understand English too so we sometimes speak English and Italian together. I like speaking English… most of all because I was at school in London and because it’s an international language and… most people speak it. But with my parents usually speak Spanish with us she says it’s the most beautiful language in the world. 1. Which four languages does the family speak? They speak Spanish german, Italy and England. 2. Which language does the writer prefer speaking? Which does her mother prefer speaking? Why? She prefers speaking English because she was a school in London. Summary UNIT 11 Topic: Present perfect and past simple 1. Vocabulary a. Irregular past participles Read Heard Written Seen How did you know Isla Fisher has written novels? Have you read them? I’ve never seen film with Mia Wasikowska I’ve heard she’s really funny in Bridesmaids Do the verbs end in –ed b. Music Dancer Musician Classical Orchestra Opera 2. Grammar Present perfect: positive We use the present perfect to talk about past actions in a time period which stars in the past and continues now, for example: today, this week, this year, your lifetime. We make the present perfect from the ver have + the past participle of the main verb. a. I/you/we/they + have (‘ve) b. He/she/it + has (‘s) + past participle (e.g. worked) Present perfect: negative and questions Ever Never Seen a. I haven’t seen any of her films b. I’ve never seen a film with Mia Wasikowska c. Have you ever seen any of her films? 1. When we use not, ever and never, they come After have in the present perfect. 2. When we make a question in the present perfect, have comes Before the subject. Present perfect or past simple We use the present perfect to talk about the past experiences in our life, but don’t say when exactly. For example: a. I’ve been to Bueno Aires (We don’t know when) We use the present simple to say when something happened (e.g. Last year, yesterday, 2012). b. I went to the theatre last week. 3. Conversation skill We use: Do you? – Did you think so? For example: present I think they’re good. Do you? Their music is interesting. Did you think so? For example: past I thought they were good. Do you? The concert was boring. Did you think so? 4. Writing skills Structuring a review. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. When did you see the films? Did you like it? Who wrote or directed it? Who are the actors and are they good? Do you recommend it? 5. Wordpower Multi-word verbs a. Sorry, Mike, I’ve got a meeting now That’s OK. I can call you back this afternoon b. Here’s my photo ID Thank you. Now can you fill this form in, please? c. Are you from London? Well, I was born in Manchester, but I grew up here d. Here’s a very nice shirt in blue Could I try it on? e. You’re looking a bit tired Yes, I think I need to lie down for a while f. I’ve got nothing to do this evening Well, would you like to come round for dinner? Summary UNIT 12 Topic: Going to and should/shouldn’t 1. Vocabulary Geography: Island Mountain Forest Waterfall Beach Desert Lake Glacier Rainforest River Travel collocations: a hotel a bag home abroad plans a holiday Make/ change plans travel/ live abroad stay at / go back home plan/ have a holiday book / unpack a bag 2. Grammar Going to We use be + going to +infinitive when we want to describe a future plan. 1. Positive +: I´m going to find out more about it. 2. Negative -: I´m not going to go to university next year. 3. Wh- questions (?) What are you going to do? For example: a. b. c. I’m going to spend six months travelling and working next year. Great. Where are you going to go? I’m going to travel around South Africa. What jobs are you going to do? Cleaning, cooking, working in restaurant – things like thatI’m not going to do anything too difficult Should / shouldn’t We use should to give advice. You should means it’s a good idea. After should and shouldn’t we use infinitive without to We use subject + should/shouldn’t +infinitive. 1. Positive +: I should go 2. Negative -: The shouldn’t go. 3. Yes/No questions (?) Should she go? Yes, she should. 3. Conversation skill We use showing surprise: For example: Martina: I’ve won a competition. Dan: Have you? Fantastic. What’s the prize? Martina: A weekend for two in Bath… Dan: Really? That’s great. 4. Writing skills Paragraph writing a. What is she going to do? She’s going to visit your home town soon. 5. Wordpower: Take You can take the number 23 – to talk about using transport Please take care! – to give street directions It will only take five minutes – to talk about carrying something Then you take the first left – to tell someone to be careful Let me take your suitcase for you – to talk about time Take one three time a day before meals – to talk about medicine