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Chemical-Structures-of-Neurotransmitters

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THE STRUCTURES OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS
STRUCTURE KEY:
Carbon atom
ADRENALINE
Fight or flight neurotransmitter
Hydrogen atom
Oxygen atom
NORADRENALINE
N
N
Mood neurotransmitter
O
N
O
O
Rest of molecule
R
SEROTONIN
Pleasure neurotransmitter
O
O
Nitrogen atom
DOPAMINE
Concentration neurotransmitter
O
N
O
N
O
O
N
O
!
!
?
Z
ZZ
Produced in stressful or exciting situations.
Increases heart rate & blood flow, leading to
a physical boost & heightened awareness.
Affects attention & responding actions in the
brain, & involved in fight or flight response.
Contracts blood vessels, increasing blood flow.
Feelings of pleasure, and also addiction,
movement, and motivation. People repeat
behaviours that lead to dopamine release.
Contributes to well-being & happiness; helps
sleep cycle & digestive system regulation.
Affected by exercise & light exposure.
GABA
ACETYLCHOLINE
GLUTAMATE
ENDORPHINS
Calming neurotransmitter
Learning neurotransmitter
O
O
O
O
Euphoria neurotransmitters
O
O
O
N
N
O
O
O
N
!
Calms firing nerves in CNS. High levels
improve focus; low levels cause anxiety. Also
contributes to motor control & vision.
C
Memory neurotransmitter
Involved in thought, learning, & memory.
Activates muscle action in the body. Also
associated with attention and awakening.
N
N
O
N
O
O
N
R
?
Most common brain neurotransmitter.
Involved in learning & memory, regulates
development & creation of nerve contacts.
Released during exercise, excitement, & sex,
producing well-being & euphoria, reducing
pain. Biologically active section shown.
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