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95% OF YOUR FERROGRAM ANALYSIS CAN BE IDENTIFIED ON THIS CHART
TYPICAL FERROGRAPHIC
WEAR PARTICLES
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RUBBING WEAR
DARK METALLO OXIDES
FIBERS
Flat platelets < 15 microns
in major dimension
Black particles aligned in
magnetic field
Non-aligned and passes
transmitted light
Cause
Normal machine wear
Cause
High operating temperatures
and/or insufficient lubrication
Cause
Possible paper filter failure
Magnification 500x
Magnification 200x
Magnification 500x
SEVERE WEAR
RED OXIDE
FRICTION POLYMERS
Flat elongated > 20 microns
with striations
Red-orange particles aligned
in magnetic field
Amorphous materials which
pass transmitted light
Cause
Excessive load/speed on
sliding surface. This example
is composed of copper alloy.
Cause
Water in the oil or poor
lubricant condition
Cause
Excessive load or stress
on lubricant
Magnification 500x
Magnification 500x
Left: Magnification 500x
Right: 3D photomicroscopy
ABRASIVE WEAR
CORROSIVE WEAR
Long, curved strips of metal
Heat treated
Heavy concentration of fine
particles at exit of ferrogram
Cause
Misalignment or abrasive
contamination in lubricant
Cause
Oil additive condition
Magnification 500x
CHUNKS
CONTAMINANT SPHERES
An indication of welding,
grinding, sandblasting, etc.,
near the equipment
Cause
Outside contamination
Magnification 100x
NON FERROUS
Flat striated particles
Heat treated
White metal particle misaligned
with magnetic field
Cause
Fatigue, scuffing or scoring
of gear teeth
Cause
Aluminum component wear
Magnification 500x
LOW ALLOY & MEDIUM
ALLOY STEEL PARTICLES
Heat treated ferrogram
(330°C/625°F) show both
blue and gold temper colors
indicating low alloy steel and
medium alloy steel respectively
Cause
Abnormal gear wear
Magnification 500x
Magnification 500x
Left: Magnification 400x
Right: 3D photomicroscopy
LAMINAR WEAR
RED & DARK METALLO OXIDE
Laminar platelets
Heat treated
Cause
Rolling contact failure
Magnification 500x
LEAD/TIN BABBITT
Nonferrous - before and
after heat treatment
Red-orange particles are red
oxides and black particles are
black oxides
Cause
Babbitt journal bearing wear
Cause
Poor lubrication conditions
Magnification 500x
Magnification 100x
SPHERES
NONMETALLIC CRYSTALLINE
Small spheres < 5 microns
in diameter
MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE
Hard abrasive debris that
can initiate an abnormal
wear condition
Nonferrous particle, gray in
color with many shear planes
Cause
Early warning of rolling
element bearing failure
Cause
Outside contamination
Cause
Solid lubricant additives
in system
Magnification 500x
Magnification 500x
Magnification 400x
Chart is in accordance with ASTM D 7690 standard. © 2011 Trico Corporation
Do you have a question on wear particle analysis? Call 216-691-9336 for help.
Trico Corporation
| 1235 Hickory Street | Pewaukee, WI 53072 | 800.558.7008 / 262.691.9336 | www.tricocorp.com
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