This is trial version www.adultpdf.com English Grammar in Use A self-study reference and practice book for intermediate students of English with answers THIRD EDITION Raymond Murphy This is trial version www.adultpdf.com ~ CAM B R ID G E ~ Ul\"IVERS ITY P R ESS C A M RRI I>G F. UNIVE RS ITY r RE S S Camb ridge, New York, Melbo urne, Madrid, Cape Tow n. Singapore, SilO Paulo Cambridge University Press T he Ed inburgh Building. Cambridge C Bl l RU, UK www.carob ridge.org Information o n this tide : ww w.cambridge.o rg/978052 153289 1 o Ca mbridge University Press 2004 This publication is in copyright. Subiecr to statutor y exception and to the provi sion s of releva nt collective licensing agreements. no reprod uct ion of an y part rna)' take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2004 7th printing 2005 Printed in Singapore by KHL Print ing Co Pte l td A c<Jt<Jloglli! reco rd (or tbis publicJliotl is ovaitable from the Bntish UbrJ1)' ISBN- 13 978 -0-52 1-53289-1 Edition with answers ISBN- IO 0-52 1-53289-2 Edition with an swers ISBN· 13 978-0-52 1-53290-7 Edition without answers ISBN -I O 0-52 1-53290-6 Editio n without answe rs ISBN- 13 978-0-52 1-$3762 -9 Edirion wit h C D-RO.\ 1 ISBN- to 0-52 1-53 762-2 Editio n with C D- RO~ I ISBN- 13 978 -0-52 1-843 11-9 Hardback edit ion with C D· RO .\1 ISBN-I O 0-52 1-843 11- 1 Hardback edit ion with CD-RO .\t ISBN· 13 97 8-3- 12-53 4086-2 Klett edition wit h CD-RO .\ I ISBN· to 3- 12-53 4086- 1 Klett ed ition with C D- R O ~ t ISBN- 13 978 -3- 12-53408 4 ·8 Kieft edition ISBN- IO 3- 12-5 3408 4-5 Klett edition This is trial version www.adultpdf.com • Contents T h. mks \-ji To the student viii To rhe reac her x Present .m d p,,1 $[ I Present con tin uous \1 am doing ' .l Present simple (I do : 3 Present continuou s and present simple 1 il am doin g an d I do l 4 Present conn nuo us and presen t simple J (I am doin g and J do l 5 P J, S[ simple II did) 6 Past co n rin uo u-, (I was doing I Present perfe,-f ,,111,1 p.1St - Pre-sen t perfect I II hav e do ne ) S 9 10 11 11 Present pe t ie..:t .2 II have do ne} Present perfect con tinu ou s II han: been doingl Present perfect co ntinu ous an d simple II have been doin g and I have do ne) How lon g ha ve ~ ou . been t ... : For and since When ... ? and How long ... ? . 13 Present perfect JnJ r .hl I d hone done and I did , 14 Present pe rfect and r .ht .! II have d on e an d I d id t 15 Past pe rfect U had done! 16 P.lSI perfect con tinuous il had been doing t 17 H ave gO I a nd have t S Use d to (d o) Futu re 19 Present tenses tl am doing I I do l fur the fut ure 20 rl'mt goi ng to (dol 11 " i ll/sha ll 1 " WilllshJ.1I 1 1 3 I will a nd I' m goi ng \0 1 ~ \\'ill be doing ,U1J wi ll ha ve do ne 2. 5 W hen I d o I When I' ve d o ne When an d if .\lo.l.lls 2. 6 Can, co uld and rbet abl e 10 Could (d ol an d co uld ha ve tdo net 2. 8 ." ust and ca n't 2 9 .\ 1.1 ~' a nd might I 30 ." .l ~' a nd rnig ht 1 3 1 Ha ve w a nd mu vt 31 .\ l ust mu stn't n...edn't 33 Should I 34 Sho uld 2. 3 5 Had bener It's time ,. , 36 Would J- Can'Could'Wo uld ~ou .. . ? esc. (Req uests. offers. permissio n and invirarionst -r- This is trial version www.adultpdf.com IF 'IOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH UNITS 'IOU NEED TO STUDY. USE THE STUDY GUIDE ON PAGE 326. iii If ami wish .l8 If I do •..•md If I did ... 39 If I knew,., I w ish I knew ... 40 If I had known ..• I wish I had kn own ... 4 1 \Vi"h Passire 42 Passin ' I (is done I was done ] 43 Passin ' 2. (be done I been don e ! being don e ) 44 Pas sive 3 45 It is sa id that •.• H e is said to • .• 46 H ave som ething don e H e is suppo sed to ... Reported speech 47 Reported speech 1 j He said th at .••) 48 Reported speech 2. Q ltestioflS •.md .1lIxiliJry ('n bs 4 9 Quest ions 1 50 Questions 2. (Do ) 'O U kn ow w here ... ? I He asked me wh ere •.• ) 5 1 Auxili'lr}· verbs Iha ve/dozca n erc. j I think so I I hope so etc. 52 Q uest ion ta gs (do you ? isn't it ? ere.I -bIg 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 .md the i,,{illiti('e Verb + -ing (en jo y doing ! stop doing ere.I Verb + to ••. (decide to . .. ! forget to .•• ere. I Verb (+ o bject) + to ... (I want ) 'O U to ••• etc. I Verb + -in g or to 1 (remember/regret etc. ] Verb + -ing o r to 2. (try/needlh e1p l Verb + -ing or to 3 (like I wou ld like erc. l Prefer a nd wou ld ra ther Preposition (in/for/about ere. I + -ing Be/get used to someth ing (I'm used to ... ) Verh + preposi tion + -ing (succeed in -ing I accuse som ebod y o f -ing ctc.] Exp ressio ns + -in g To ••• • for .. . a nd so t hat •.. (pur pose ) Adjective + to .. . To ••• (a fraid to do l a nd preposition + -ing (afraid of -ing t See so mebody do a nd sec so mebody doin g -ing clauses (Feeling tired, I went to bed e;Hly. f A rticles JIII/ nouns 69 Cou nta ble and uncountable 1 70 Co unta ble and uncountable 2 7 1 Counta ble nouns with ala n an d som e 72 Alan and the 73 The 1 74 The 2. (schoo l! t he school ere. I 75 The 3 (children I the children ! 76 The 4 Ithe giraffe I the teleph on e ! th e piano etc.• the 77 Na mes with a nd wit ho ut the 1 78 Na mes with an d with out th e 2 iv + ad iecnve t This is trial version www.adultpdf.com IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH UNITS YOU NEED TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY GUIDE ON PAGE 326. 79 S in ~u lJr and plur.ll 80 X oun ... no un (a tenni s ball f .l headache: 8 1 -\ rvour sisler\ nam e! and o f ... (rhe na me o f the book t Pronouns .l lId det erminers 82. :\l y sdf/~' ours elfJth em seh' es ere. 83 .-\ friend of mine .\l y own home On my own f by myself 84 Ther e ... •1Od it .. . S5 Some a nd .lny 86 X o/non c/a nv X othing/nobodv etc. 87 :\I uch. man v.H n le. few. a lot. plentv SS All / .1.11 o f m O\1 / movr o f no / non e of etc 89 Both f both o f neither f neither o f either f either of 90 :\ 11. every J.nJ whole 9 1 Each and c u'~ Relati re clauses 92. Relanve cla uses I: clauses with who/t hat/w hich 93 ReI.HiH' cla uses 2.: cla uses with an d without who/ tha t/which 94 Rela nve clauses 3: whose/wh om/wh er e 95 Relative clauses 4: exrra mformanon daus~ ( I I 96 Rela tive cla uses 5: e xtra info rmation clau ses l2.1 9 - -mg an d -ed cla uses rrhe woman talking 10 Tom. [he ~()y injured in the accident ' A J ;ecfU '('S JI1,I .I,/I"('rI'5 98 99 100 10 1 Adle..-nves endin,!: in -ing and -ed (bo ring/bo red ere-.1 Adj ective s: a nice new house. you loo k tired Adiecnves and adve rbs I {quick/quickly} Adiec rives .1OJ adve rbs 2. (\H·llJf,H tIl.1Cc. ha rd/hardly} 102. So an d such 10.3 Eno ugh and too 104 Q Uill". prcnv. ra ther .1nJ 105 106 10; 10 8 fa i rl ~" Co m p.mson I (cheaper. more expensive etc. t Com pa rison 2. tmc ch bcncr / a n j better / berrcr a nd better / Ihe sooner th e better) Com pa rison 3 ' 0< •• • 0< I than ! Superlatives uh c longest. the mo st enjoy able erc.! 109 \'('ord o rder I: ver b + ubject: place and time 110 \X'ord order 2. : ad verbs with the verb I I I Still. ~'e l an d alr eady 112. h en .-\ny more f any lo nger I no longer COll lllll~· t i()ll$ 11.3 IH 115 116 11118 .lIt.l prepositions Althou gh I tho ugh I even though In spite of f despite In C,1 ~e Unless As lon g as Provided/p rovidi ng As (:\ s I wall ed along the st reet .•. / As I wa s hungr y ... J Like a nd a ~ .-\ ~ if / .1\ th ough / likc This is trial version www.adultpdf.com IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHIOl UNITS YOU NEED TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY GUIDE ON PAGE 326. v I 19 Fo r. during a nd whil e 120 By a nd unt il By th e time ... Prepositione 12 1 Allon /in (ti me) 122 On time a nd in time 123 In/a t/on (position) I 124 Inla llon [pos ition! 2 125 In/a llon (pos itio n! 3 126 127 128 129 130 13 1 132 133 134 135 136 ToI:nlinlinto In/a llo n (o ther uses) By N oun + preposit io n (reaso n for . ca use of ere. I Adjecnv e + pr eposit ion 1 Adjecrive + p repos itio n 2 Verh + prepo sition I to a nd a t Verb + preposit io n 2 aboullfor/oflafter Ver h + prepo sit io n 3 about a nd o f Verb + preposition 4 ofI fo r/from/an Verb + preposition 5 inli ntol withltolon Pb rasal rerbs 137 Phra sal ve rb s 1 138 Phr a sal ve rb s 2 139 Phr a sal verbs 3 140 Phrasa l ver bs 4 14 1 Phr asal verbs 5 142 Phrasal verbs 6 143 Phrasa l ver bs 7 144 Ph ra sa l ver bs 8 145 Phra sa l ve rbs 9 Appendix 1 Append ix 2 Appe ndix 3 Appe nd ix 4 Append ix 5 Append ix 6 Append ix 7 Study guide Int roduct ion in/o ut o ut on/off ( Il on/off (2l Up/do wn up ( I) up (2) aw ay/back Regu lar a nd irregular verbs 292 Present a nd past tenses 294 T ht' futu re 29 5 Modal ve rbs (ca nJco uldJwillJwo uld erc.) 296 Sho rr form s (I'm I yo u've J didn't etc. I 297 Spelling 29 8 Amer ican English 300 Addit io na l exerc ises 302 326 Key to Exercises 33 6 Key to Ad ditional e xercises Key to Stud y gu ide 372 Inde x At the end an d in th e end 368 373 This is trial version www.adultpdf.com IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH UNITS YOU NEED TO STUDY. USE THE STUOY GUIDE ON PAGE 326. Thanks I wrote the o riginal ed itio n o f English Grammar in Use when J was 3 reacher at the Swan Schoo l o f English. O xford. I would like to repeat my tha nks to my co lleag ues an d students at the school for their help. encou ragement and interest at tha t time. • .vt ore recentl y I woul d like to than k all the teachers and students I met and who o ffered their thoughts on the previous edition. It was tun to meet you all and extremely helpful for me. Rega rding t he prod uctio n of t his th ird edition . I am grate ful [ 0 Alison Sha rpe, Liz Driscoll. jane \t.J irs and Kamae Design. I would also like to thank Cambridge University Press for permission to access the Cambridge Intern ation al Co rpus. Thank you also to the follow ing illustra tors: Paul Fellow s. Gillian \ b n io. Roger Penwill. Lisa Smith and Simon \'('iIIiams. This is trial version www.adultpdf.com vii To the student T his book is fo r students who want help with English gra mmar, It i~ wri tt en tor you to woe without ,1 reacher, T he hoo k will be useful for yo u if you are not sure of the answers to q uest ions like t hese: o What is the difference between J did and I JJJI·c JOlle? o When do we use u 'ill for the futu re: o \"'hat is the str ucture after 1 w isb? o "" hen do we S3 }' used to do a nd when do we say me.' to doing: o When do we use the? o What is the difference between like and .IS: Th ese and many other poi nts o f English grammar are explained in the boo k and the re are exercises on each po int . l evel Th e hook is intended mainly for intermediate students tsrudenrs wh o hav e alr ead y stu d ied t he basic gram ma r of English), It concentrates on those str uctures wh ich inte rmedia te srudeo rs want to use. bur whic h often cause difficuhv, Some advanced stude nts who have prob lems wit h grammar will also find the boo k useful. Th e hook is 110 1 suitable fur elementary learn ers. How th e book is organ ised There are 145 units in the hook . Each unit concent rates on a particula r mint of gra mmar. Some probl ems (for example, the present perfect or the usc of tbl'l arc covered in mo rt' than o ne unit. For a list of units. sec the Co ntents at the beginning of rhe book . Each unit con sists of two feeing pages. O n rhe left there ar e explanat ion s and examples; on the right there are exercises. At the back of the rook there is a l':ey for you to check yo ur answers to t he exercises (page 33 6l . There are also seven Appendices at the back of the hook tpagcs 191- 30 1I. These includ e irregula r verbs. summaries of verb forms, spelling and America n English. Finall y. there is a deta iled Index at rhe back o f rhe honk tpage 3731. How to use the book T he units arc not in ord er of d ifficulrv, so it is /l 0 1 intended th at you wo rk th rou gh the book from beginnin g to end. Every learner h .1S different problems an d you shou ld usc th is hook TO help rou with the gramm ar that )'011 find difficult. It is suggested rha r you work in t his way: Use the Ccm /('lIts and/or index to find whic h unit deals with the point vonare interested in. If you arc not sure whic h units you need to study. usc the Sf/,.i)' gll ;.I.· on page 316. o Study rhe ex plan anons an d exa mples on the.' Iefr-h.md p.lge (If rhe unit ~'nu h.r ve chosen. a Do the exerci ses on the right -hand page. D C heck you r an swers with the Key, D If your an swers are not correct, study the left-ha nd page again to see what went wrong. a a You can of co urse usc the book simply as a reference hook without doin g the exercises. VIII This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com • To the teacher English Grammar in Use wa s writt en as a self-stu dy gra mmar book , hut teachers may also lind it useful as additional course mat erial in cases w here further work on grammar is nece ss<uy. T he hook will probably be most useful at midd le- and uppe r- inter mediate levels (where all o r nearly a ll of the material will be relevan n. and can serve borh as a ba sis for revisio n and as a mean s fo r practising new sn ucrures. Ir w ill also he useful fo r some more ad vanced stu dents w ho ha ve pro blems wit h gra mma r an d need a book for referen ce and pr.rcric-e. The book is nor intended to he used by elementary lea rners. Th e units arc orga nised in grammatical catego ries lPresm r .m d past, Articles .111.1 nOlllts. Prepositions ere.I. They a re nor ordered according to level of difficu lty, so (he hoo k should nor be wor ked throu gh fro m beginning to end. Irs bo uld be used selecnvelv a nd tle xiblv in acc ordance with the gra mmar sylla bus bei ng used and the d itticulries srude nrs are ha ving. The book ca n be used for immediate con solidat ion o r for later revisio n or remed ia l work . It migh t be used by the whole class or by individ ual stu dents needing extr a help. The lett- han d pagt"i (explanatio ns and exa mples) are w ritten for the stu de nt to use indi vid uall y, nut they may of cou rse be used by the teacher as a sou rce of ideas and informa tion on w hich to base a lesson. The st udent then has rhe left-hand page as a record of whar has bee n ta ught an d can refer to it in the futu re, The exe rcises ca n be done ind ividuall y, in clJ SS or as homework. Ah e m anvelv land additionally], individua l st udents can be directed to st udy cert ain units of the book b~" themselves if t he)' have particular difficulti es nor shared ll)' o ther stude nts in their class. Don 't forget the Additio"..,1exercises at t he hack o f the nook {see To the srcd en n. The ht){)k is sold wit h or witho ut a C D Rom. Thi s co ntai ns furt her exercises on all t he units in the noo k. as well as a bank o f 1.700 test qu estion s from which users ca n select to co mpi le their own resrs. T he C D Ro m is also availabl e sepa ratel y. An editi on o f r."glish Gramma r ill Use wit hout the prefer this for use wit h their students, 10:'-')' is also available. Some reach ers may English Grammar in Use Third Edition T his is a new ed itio n o f b tglish Grammar ill USI'. The differences between this ed ition and rhe seco nd edition are: o Th ere Me eight new units on ph rasal verbs (Units 138- 145 1. There i.. a lso .1 new unit on w ish (Unit 41 ), Units 42-81 and 83- 137 all have different numbers from the second edition. o So me of the ma ter ial has been revised o r reor gani sed. and in mo..( u n irv there are minor chang es in the exam ples, evplana nons an d exerci..e... o T he Add itional exercises ha ve been extended . Th e new exerci-esa re 14- 16, 25. 30-3 1. and .17- 4 1. o T he book has been redesigned wit h new co lour illuvrranons. o T here is a new CD Ro m with further exe rcises to accom pany the book. x This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version www.adultpdf.com This is trial version 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