APPENDIX III COMPARATIVE WORD -LISTS YOCOTAN , CHONTAL , TZELTAL , CHANEABAL , JACALTECA The Yocotan dialect spoken at the villages of San Fernando and San Carlos , and neighbouring rancherias , near Macuspana in Ta basco , proves on comparison to be merely a variant of Chontal of The name Yocotan is retained because it the Chontalpa proper . is their own name for the dialect , and offers a substitute , if applied to the whole language , for the confusing Chontal , which is also ap plied to an entirely distinct , non -Mayance dialect of the Pacific Coast . Both Berendt * and Thomas and Swanton * have objected to this confusion . Comparison with is it all the way take Maya present seems to The graded variations and similarities from Yocotan cause one wonder whether correct Jacalteca to at , position which the type language for the stock priority linguistic based historical rather than a as to Tzeltal does not bear out the assertion , quoted in Thomas and Swanton , of Berendt,* and of Brinton , who had seen Berendt's unpublished material , that Chontal is only a form of Tzeltal . While undoubted similarities exist between the two dia lects , enough to cause them to be classed in the same larger division of the Mayance stock , † the two do not belong together in the sense in which Tzeltal and Zotzil , or Tzeltal and Chaneabal are joined . Yocotan shows a greater number of lexical similarities to Maya proper , and in their resemblances to and variations from Maya the two languages do not agree . Structurally , the Yocotan dialects are marked off from all the others of this group by their verb construction ( see Appendix IV ) . The most notable point of this is that in Yocotan the possessive pronoun is ordinarily prefixed to the verb , while with the others a verbal - nominal pronoun is suffixed . , . , , , , — , , - a , It , , p . 9 . , , ; Berendt 1876 1921 Gates 1920. Sapper groups Chol 465 Chorti and Chontal . 63 ; 1911 Tozzer , , .p by, , Thomas and Swanton Stoll 1884 quoted , * . , — in of on on be to grounds morphology especially sound shifts and light the languages Chol Chorti may possibly place new Tzeltal Chaneabal of Indians occupying the Old Empire terrain partially surrounding the Lacandon country would for instance Proper study both 466 TRIBES TEMPLES AND , * to of , , , . on k of . It is a to of . to , an its be of great interest could it be ascertained whether Tzeltal really is the parent tongue of Zotzil , or whether Zotzil , with marked vo original form calic individuality has not corrupted Tzeltal from more closely allied the lowland languages The alphabet used here modeled that Dr Tozzer with changes perhaps few and some additions would be possible enlarge the range sounds yet further but the result would be only make the present records needlessly difficult com . parison with the older lists The languages recorded here closely resemble Maya phonetic although slightly wider range system itself their part be due especially sounds the vowels found This may pronunciation uncertainties certain sounds occur differently of in a . is ; by to , of in , , in . PHONETICS in to ts ., If (k .† , (° ) , ), be k of in of . of . is , an , in . to , an In tc , ts , p t and the dental surds and make the unpleasant harsh and the ear addition ugly whining tone ordinary the Tzeltal and Chaneabal have conversation very much increased when emphasis desired Yoco tan has unusual range nasals distinctly and (x ) g , . g k of forms of the fortis languages g , e . . a , ( q ) a k of , be k , in in the same word spoken different men and enough Indians final and Yocotan Chontal questioned could normal form could undoubtedly derived many from these alternates The presence the fortis velar and the palatalized with the frequent stop Maya gives wider range and sounds than These with Tzeltal In . . to imitate already suggested the Mayas themselves . be I sonant the early grammars and its presence of is of of by what have long thought the spirant No mention to : r, of is be , in by is , sound possibly any made a I “ r an Tozzer who says have been much perplexed . by Dr be to , w a be to at p distinct the sound almost impossible Mention should made the added letter ; tually sound , , to , of is . It a , , , b w . p , a , , . CONSONANTS The system consonants includes one velar three palatals alveolars and double set dentals both surd and fortis distinguish between dorsal nasal and labials difficult although they are probably not interchangeable and Jacalteca the first appeared but was found ac this de 612 . . .” . . to I a to 1920 . and Gates , p . cit , . , , op . , .18 op ., . p . . , 18 , .p * , Tozzer 1921. Tozzer Tozzer cit SIbid page Cf 17 . I to in by . nied This sound seem have heard Maya scholars with several words written double vowel have come the conclusion omit this sound from the list MAYANCE I 467 PHONETICS in the same word in different ; the Tzeltal e . g ., kere ( boy ) . It is rare, occasionally confused with l , but quite forcible when present . It has a short , hard trill , not unlike the Japanese , made with the forward part of the tongue against the roof of the palate . Fortis Spirant = k H and w , - h 1 1 X 11 1 Semi vowels , . Breath - Trill 11 .. . len Labial . ........ Glottal. ... ...... ts Dental...... ts 40 Lateral Nasal ; Surd | *| Velar .. Palatal . Alveolar .... Dorsal . ... .. .. Nasal... .y Sonant - and recorded - have heard Sel This r lists , particularly among is , ', k as of Mexican pronuncia the , ach ” Tman German “ .” " resembling gente in x ch The dorsal Prese resembles in g , sound . , " “ tion x of H is . to in . of . in as h a k k Mexico or is , by is . an in k formed between intensified , q , the back the tongue and the English palate soft Palatal The fortis made strong explosion the followed breath The various fortis sounds may be similarly described relation their respective surds velar the but with aspira less .” " .” .” ." " “ child agua a giving it slight breathing , by shoot accompanied a is ring “ ng in 1 Spanish jamais .” “ in French On comparing VOWELS . of as pronounced is j . The lateral thick sound English English English in in ch sh te c is the in is the as is the , is rather faint ñ 9 . tion the vowel sounds listed here with those as , in in in , in " .” ( ě ) " , ” e in , i ) ” " in “ oo as in in as o a as In ", , I or , - ( ” “ is ( ā ) a in u as . o as e a is , , " ” O by " “ as as by to I I to , in . , , it writers seems possible that have made too fine distinc tions However the new vowels were found occur with great my informants regularity and several cases was corrected for changing them the nearest approximate standard form pronouncing Yocotan kE as kŭ the sound have represented Unmarked vowels have their Spanish sounds pan me not as metate as bonita English pronounced good lodo but addition Eng English long there father short other 468 TRIBES AND TEMPLES as in English “ mix , ” long u ( ū ) as oo in short u ( ū ) as in English “ hut .” E represents a sound between ŭ and English er in " water . ” O is a sound like English “ or ” said while holding the mouth for u . Diphthongs are ai , oi and au . lish “ met English ,” short i (i ) “ boot, ” and separately , the Double vowels are always to be pronounced having a slightly shorter quantity than the first. Accent is indicated by ' in those words in which the stress does not fall on the last syllable . Sed second INFORMANTS . The Chontal List was taken down by Mr. William Gates from two pure -blooded Indians of Tecoluta , Tabasco . It was made at Comalcalco . . Gates ' spelling has been revised to accord , with the other lists as far as possible . Mr Two Yocotan lists were made , the first , from José Hernandez , a Indian of San Fernando , Tabasco , at Macuspana . The second was given , together with the ethnographic information , by Lázaro Hernandez Guillermo, a man of forty or forty - five , also of San Fernando ; he had a little Ladino blood on his mother 's side . This man , although illiterate , was remarkably intelligent, and was by odds the best informant that we had the course the trip The list was made leisure board the steamer and was that time thoroughly home with and acquainted with our analyze methods and wishes He showed some limited ability his own grammatical forms The first Tzeltal list was given by Sebastiano Guzman Bacha jon shaman Chiapas El Encanto was supervised by Don Arturo Tovilla who was thoroughly conversant with the language The second was given also Encanto by Fidencio Morales Ladino house boy from Ocosingo who was not satisfactory The third was taken down from Don Ciriaco Aguilar Bacha jon Ethnological work for over two Señor Aguilar had been assisting weeks and spoke Tzeltal fluently He was assisted by volunteer committee Indians and Ladinos by. of he to , , , , . of a . . , in . at - a . It . El , , at in , at , a . . at , us , , on at in all young El , , , of . . - a in , , at . - . , It . , at , - , , of , , by . at an at The Chaneabal list was compiled Puente near Comitan thirty five years age called Casimiro from Indian estimated moderately satisfactory Gomez He was Jacaltenango Two Jacalteca lists were made The first Santiago Hernandez Guatemala was given middle aged In dian doubtful purity with occasional help from other Indians He was literate fairly intelligent and enthusiastically coöperative Concepción The second was hastily taken down was begun by Alonzo Rafael Alvebal pure blood about thirty years old who 469 INFORMANTS did not like it and ran away . His place was taken by a younger man , Nicholas Cardon Niqol (the third names appear to be nick names ) , but too much time had been lost to accomplish a great deal . In the printed informant able , both in each lists, preference has been given to the first -named dialect , although when the variation is consider versions are set down SPANISH Abeja . TZELTAL non Stcanal -tcap Itcap - tcul -tat-tik Stcutcux tcutcun - el abuela abuelo tat -mam -al ( father -old -the ) agrio bax ha ' agua alacrán -tcap mu - yum olokte SkE -mim kE -mop ka -mam amuh -ba '* pa ha no -ha (big sina tcupim ka -mam Ipan 'ocip ha ' tulan -ha -al ( strong water ) tsek aguacero CHONTAL YOCOTAN Syūm ' water ) aliento sina ' ik alma pican lap alto toyol amarillo k an diski ' kun iski ' k an yum amo be - el andar ' team -ba lam animal Shun hab - il 1hab sin - il año \ cuma ' a . . lya -kE -tet Eluk ' i te camba tcitam Shun hap ( future ) hun habi ( past ) aqui liil araña ām t ' oi ah - toit árbol te te hun arcilla tcav -ek lum (beeswax -earth ) Stimal -te yalab arco cuerda del arco nidan tsit -te wun -te ahci 'al ardilla tcutc tcutc arroyo ukum sañ - ha ' asiento tcumlip áspero ketsen atole mats ауа nant ' i ictcutc tcunlip mats *amuh , amo -, or amos , appearing in various adjectives , means very . fin many verbs the informants gave the first person singular , present form . by the pronominal kE . See Appendix III. fah = the definite article . This may be detected 470 TRIBES AND TEMPLES TZELTAL SPANISH CHONTAL YOCOTAN ahk ' out baile barba kisim balsa poi kE -tsuktik tsutsti ku ' tcinuk no -hukup banda barca ( big bastante bisel blanco tsak canoe ) keěn tsuk suk Sla 'am blando laam Ipukum bobo tsitsuk boca ke - ti ” pitsi ' bonito mujer ati ke goodo pokem novicik mukul hamal ( big woods ) bosque brasero kap poci' brazo brujo pulvěnip nitci kE -kup kab atsak ah ' kak tsataya ( sacerdote iluxhom bueno está b uts lek uts lek - ai uts -an ( good -there ( good -there is ) buho koOts buhup caballo tsemen tsimin cabello cabeza hol ah - hu kE -tsuk tsuk kE - pam ka - pam caer calabaza is ) ta tcum calavera sbak - el -hol - al tcum Spama- tcim k ‘ an yelo tcum 'i a - tcime caliente kiicin tiko 'b tiku cama waix - yiv - el nutc tsen camino be bii buk camisa campo Shuta -kin akiltik ham сатри cangrejo něp aiyʻuc yue caña qwahale oi oh atsutso tsutsub caoba carne bak casa na ' casas Juye 'e bekta otOt otOte vee otot indio ) 471 TZELTAL - YOCOTAN CHONTAL YOCOTAN cayuca kūkūp cazar muts -umihel kola - tute ' he ( hunting cerro wits hEtsŭk wits ciego tupen tsit cielo tcʻutcan ' - ' cielo cielo tcimai tcimai petcOk ne axnimal espanyěl tce coser tcuwi cuerpo wink culebra tcan tcañ cuñada ba cuñado bal kE mo kE nean kE '- tuañkre ka cuerpo - cuerpo - ) - - entire tcan - ' - ! ( - kE ilel man te el ta curar tseměn an - mats kE kE - ) not has force nikūp nikab ' in k kwo tak manap ke ke ke ' ' k - kE niOk akal ' muela dios ) our master us all yum kab - la - - - yum - ) us - all of - - ( our father kEn of - dios ( - - tcun tat tik - tcaam - kE molares u diablo diente petc kūp - lalatak pie d - dedo - mankyip benet pue tcem umuk - débil ) beast ( aweyel ( dar tsakalka tsimin woods del - - correr Ska halin pusika - pican ya - ’- tul kEyo día - - ah - a ul t tūl kõtan todos los tce koatekucka ie corazón danta ka tOt ' conejo tcu Spetak puix concha - -k -I I- - ( ko -y collar comer ka tce E tcoi hang yentac ) kE do cola colgar to - go lo te - ce Stcunuyok ne - uhul Watcuk cojo d tsitan natsa ſtcok ahtcOk ciervo hunting - hoopol I let tan cerca now ) go us ceniza tsitañ dios ya ( ka - hukub ) TZELTAL SPANISH cayuco Ha TRIBES AND 472 TZELTAL SPANISH dormir waixy - el dulce tcab CHONTAL YOCOTAN duro te - weye ta -vaye tsa tcab mo Etsuts tsuts suertes mukutce kuwa -kin k akal tcOk ( he upican ankotcuwen force his soul tsataya jyaan - puku ( encantar koHo - ) tcamel has sickness aix tcok amo nkoho lun amon kohu lun ) sickness ( enfermo icim - axhan Stcamel - ) cf . ( diablo misip misip escopeta tsomba espina at Stciic mõtco bakel tsip tsumpat tcic tcic tsompat ubuke - k itok tsampat upete etik ik * lucero - * tcookok que brilla ( ) la ( ? ) pleiades ig star ) ah - ( no ik -b the vespertina - tsék mañana no estrella ah - ēk bak te ek - Ursa Major kal familia ın SkE nats tok nosotros todos ) ( matc uts poeyik ' k fiesta in - feo ' atak - te - kal ' familia up cana Sbisil k - ' te in kan niteim unitc kE pūl Venus ). . e ., (i the same star ." is it They say - frente nic ka tihut pul te flor - tu te wun - St ' imal flecha te - ) , 13 ( del santo May Bachajon bak 'e esqueleto - el - Stcicil bak u - esposa de itok k esposo tsib kopaat - -p - - tcic espinazo tsivan hom - kE tsibahel escribir espalda te - ' escoba -f tsataya manap ta la - e encanto de Saitobni kin muku kuckan kin ' makisit elote * * ik na e eclipse adentro laguna yakti ah sabe u labil ) que ' ' echar TEMPLES 473 TZELTAL - YOCOTAN TZELTAL SPANISH ſtcenek frijol Sbu ’ um Ibuul frio sik sis sit tsah E ' \ wakEnuk Ipas ' k ' ak k ak fuente tulan fuerte fuerza ( cow , mis gato montes grande ka- tse -ve - k ' ak huta tcan amo - k 'en - umuk pok ‘om teic de tcahan cascara hablar pas -el hermana mayor menor hermano mayor h - menor Swic gwic kitsin bañk - il kitsin hierro hierro hija atcic hijo nitcan hilo hilo hombre hueso Swinik vinik Snok , noh , lokonok hun - cim noH putcyok ' Sk aan tcen ' -tan kE -tcitc ka - tcitc kE - kits ' in ka - tcitc ka - sakun kE - sukun SkE -kits 'in wits ' in k ‘ itsin pal' ip kE - yok - istcOʻk kE - yok -haxlOʻk pui' winik bak pětět kamic pětět del tobillo ' te - t an kE - teen bak - el vinik bak OkutkOk huipil huso ( head -horned ) mis canak k ‘ op hacer pam - beket Spanish ) wac ſtep guaracha h- ' Střel tcox mukul grano h- tcen - k ' ak piyuk gwakac ganado g- ' ' k ak ūmuk gallina gato tsis k ‘ ak k ak f hacer bū bu ’ u fruta fuego CHONTAL YOCOTAN iglesia tcuuk tcu iglesia iguana tOlõk hū ' hub incienso pom pOm pom jarrete tcu -tcikin 474 TRIBES AND SPANISH del pueblo tup , buc tuts Stcitcil ( rattle ) , etc . ) laguna aihyin Ehin ahin mukul -ha ' nap laguna stcik -te langa fisig 'a lanza para (7 ) tceki 'biye pescados lejos lum -namal lengua l-, ' kak pwenat kE - ak ka - ak yoko tan \ tcambalam Itsax -hal- tcox ( red - the -tiger ) lia ligero muhnaat ' ts 'eltal ( idoma ) leon ma - waal ( not -heavy ) tcimai bāl ' um bal' am sum Hote pwe seěp uhi u uH ( halalme- tik ) ts eyyum luna nun ham ' leltin nan na maiz icim icim kE - Skanic matc uts - - mats uts ſtcopal m - malek owotan mente ) - ' in k - kEncin . * childbirth - uh Used for counting time ika sapan ka nikab křup kahalin hunpe uhi hun of mes isapan kE - ' ' al - - ap - ( k holi kak ) mediodia ( mano - his heart bad morning sakubal dyal mañana icim petcOk - - lěk uk ma malo hombre ha ka na ' madre maléolo non - ha -' - - ka - il - eti 7te Samo ken ' madera itceltai ſbayel haal bayel yac stal haal ſte - - ) ( tiempo de llever ha ' - llano * sop ' liso lluvias tup půl waluyel (madera lagarto ) tcikic tsutsu labrar la all of - the - village \ tsima ', kax te j- CHONTAL (noh -van - vinik Janoha noci - vinik ( kE -xhwes k -anoha -la tuwa - k ' a ( our - chief -of- us yaxwhal jícara 1- YOCOTAN TZELTAL jefe j- TEMPLES TZELTAL - YOCOTAN SPANISH CHONTAL YOCOTAN TZELTAL Saxa - tcap , usum tcap -tcul - tatik miel 475 ' tcap tcap te ele abalai ' mijilote mono mac pūm ah -pum monte hamal bwulena bwenala mojado atch muchacha yok ' telum atcic SyokhaxlOhk Skere muchacho mucho kerem ah -lohk bayel amo -k 'en k ah - tcimi ah - tcami Staltcamel muerte / tca - winik ants tsOts mujer murcielago sūts licta nu ' ci nadar naranja arancus ( Spanish ) pahala kE -ni' nieta k '- umam kE - nieto pequeño ' ni ka umam tcik stcOk ue todavia haal yaxtal hale te viene ben dawal ' n del ) el ( por aca agua viento kE tsihib sihipt tomut Scux hiwa ' gifts ) matamniil hisi utci hunpe atcumpom ) mahatsin hut na ' õcom oreja tcikin kE tcikin - olla animals and human beings . * ut hut olorosa For ' sit For inanimate objects . ojo - ( pu first fruits JkE tcikin si SteOk * Syatcil ( ofrenda hrip - nuera nuevo aitabni norte ' ( - Skin norte ) Sehak Ek lak úp abal ‘ noche son pecho ‘ ak de (q - ' tut alat tcok mama - ik bit - negro .)pl nariz - agrio ( - icik tsūts Samos muy n icik kE -wOk muslo niño 'en 476 TRIBES SPANISH AND TEMPLES TZELTAL tat kE - pop pájaro mut mut pak pared tcim - pam ' wOk 'teě pecho pequeño tut persona winik ka - pop mut kE - tokpa ' pantis tcOtcOk Juntu -tcugha tcitcok vinik untu -winik lup panacho CHONTAL YOCOTAN padre nakmu ' pava pavo ahtsõk ahtso perro tsit wi vitcu pesado ahl amoh pescado tcai byiye to ha ' - al ' tcuk ' maluh lukub kE kE lukup - frente por atras picte - piedra ton pop te ' ok putci patcihi a tun ' piel Skok kE wOk amai Emwi tak takin pluma kūkum ' in pito plata Smakup maku vitc haas haas tsintap tsita - Smuku pome kin pome kin baca u - ) ( - - pome kin where sets sun - yaxubak kaka baitik - poniente - luunteb ko - platano poco vok - ka - pierna mats puhk buka cavankil sme kap kE ka kE tsuk tu - pule ictsuk tcip lemi tcawůk - , al - pete Snixkel tsantsegwal kaka tcauuk - ha rio kE tenek - rodilla pule - tcokhax redondo rio - - - pulu ' ' k ‘ k akel raton relámpago ' ā ' - tcutcui kup utcik quemo red pom roh nikab pulsera quemar bitis - pulgar 'a posole primo tcavuk - kok pop - pOp pie Ok petate le - p - p en pescuezo 477 TZELTAL - YOCOTAN SPANISH TZELTAL rojo CHONTAL YOCOTAN Stcuk tcik tcuk ( tsak - uběk hutstañ kE suegro nial sueño wayel sur nitaa lan here below noh - meelnial in - 'k in opsen -t kE suegra hop 'o - al - * te soplar ak sombrero wits kin hopo subir půkůb tu PEKE tsumbul sierras ' - tsunel semilla nak k - itcan itcan ( kakal - ' na can Swaluyel holel holel hElŭ kE tcitc elder sister sukun ( baxhun kE tierra lum kaap tigre tcox baºlum tinaja gir Ots - tio brother - teen - tcik dlaañ gua va ( \ gwax Towards the Hills ." South " term . a * directional ) ( all forms cornbread Really - ka Huleh - yak ce pū - tun teen sombak - ) ) hulehi - kE tortilla baºlam - - la kE kE lanza ( kab ' ( escopeta ) iedra ) tirar (p ( elder - tia - mehun ) tejedor lywehe hù ? tejer can can of de palma hoven hai ' hol kowěn te techo ' kayo te - kuts tabacco tambor techo sur - otc - hwantec ) - ( } - - k ' ) noh kin - kepel kinal k - - amo tik in tikin sembrar sierras sol kin - - tciitc ah mutc ' tcitce mutc ti ' 'k Stakin huc - - el s -, tiempo ko - - takin seco Smuku - pase -kin baka -pase - ) risen holy Sbiete kin tuts kin where rises sun ( - – = lok ( | sapo tcul kakal tcul tciitc pokOk sangre lok Zhwantec - - ( yax loke kakal saliente 478 TRIBES SPANISH tortuga YOCOTAN ' ak stackwaiyel laicwaiyel , t 'om de yac vida kucūl viejo Skaalic itcek itchủk yuc yuc anto - pican halint ſtcupint nohcib su ' s mamal viento ik ' ik volar wixhlel kE - wil' e yerno bal kE -ni’En zaraguate bats aHwats hun hun - per ta yacer ' un - to ' tce - eb tca -pe tca - to oc - eh uc' -pe uc - to tcum tcan - to '- pe Shun ' -ka ( one hand ) no ' pe ho - eb seis , etc . , in Spanish hwak -eb huk - eb wacak - eb balun - eb lahun - eb bulutc - eb lastcai -yeb uc - lahun -eb tcan - lahun -eb ho -lahun - eb hwak -lahun - eb huk -lahun - eb 18 wacak - lahun -eb 19 balun -lahun - eb 20 tab , tax . 21 hun -ka -vinik lahun -is - tca -vinik 40 tca - vinik 50 ho -lahun - eb | tcane -vinik 80 ik ya ka -cacutce tcan - eb 16 CHONTAL kE - yEsen animal ) verde ak ' tcavok * tcawūk * ( de hombre o ' Skweye ( un arbol ) tumbar uña TZELTAL ahk trueño TEMPLES AND 100 hol-vinik 400 bak *CR. “ Relampago ." Used for animate beings . Cf. mente . | The suffix = " times." IIObviously an error , cf . 15. $Used for iuanimate objects. hoste 479 CHANEABAL - JACALTECA CHANEABAL SPANISH JACALTECA Snopal -k 'ap abeja tcaq abuela mee cep abuelo amee cep wan tanel mam agua ha ha aguacero aguacero nap alacrán tsek * ‘ mi- icnam ic an k' amo .” " jefe vide peluox andar animal behikotik año ha bil habil habilin babel tsaiik ) an ap ' - k Sku ap hnkab Jañ lom naxual Spanish Nagual ' ul ' there aktu k good - - lek aix is ) be - b ul ' Sk tciman lek ( coots cabeza tsolom ku wi calabaza k ' tuHkul - buho calavera Ssbax bax cama tcat beh be cerro wits wits were explained the first person possessive . flecha and as Ct tku . " an." * Miel - . . " " Cf ' tc ‘ at camino an - ku wik sat - in - tsolom - - sbak el ' um el · rezador ) ? ( I beetsom , E ' ' ' ' axnanu bueno ) - - ti ' -' ' Inti sk a brujo - - - ( | on Sku sti brazo ' - - cil - ( hair my mouth inti an hair mouth my sax t' boca ti '* cil ku blanco ak - hlit * yisim tsik tet - barba ( iboi te * armadillo hun l- arco ' 'pu te ce -k am an araña árbol habil habil ixum * del - ' te ap cargador a a ' nohox del esta old - ( ' k ap * ' - k - ' an ' k amarillo dia old ) ) father in adivinar (mother- icnam - ' ' k ap * 480 AND TEMPLES TRIBES CHANEABAL SPANISH JACALTECA te -nup ceiba sukinal cielo cola sme ' conejo tcitc cik shuhoël corazón sat - kan ne ' Shan 'mal wanmahan coyote öx cuerpo ku - imanil culebra tcan laba' curar ( esta wanaxnanel tcan ' li -nax tseměn (nax = winaq = man ) tsimin danta dar c -) ( tapir ) tcuaan débil pik 'in , matc - ip ( not - strong ) dedo sniwoyal -kap día k 'akum diente iyeb echar suertes eclipse de sol wacieg wakac e - de hun esquinas , Hilucko suertes skai - tsaiik tcak - icau ( está acabando la luna ) ( esta tsaiik Shxe weh -an ' luna encantar yicimal -kak 'ap e- ) los quatro toʻikam - komi ahau ( está comiendo la luna ) wantsebo tcikin - sukinal tsiplox espina tsi’banel kiic espinazo sbatik ( bax - il - tel-k ‘ - itcin list'el-witcin - an esposa sbiil Suical ucalal estrella kanal escribir e - de mañana e - vespertina urso major (? ) niwan -kanal ( big -star ) niwan -kanal naka -kerman fiesta k in ' pu flor frijol 'l - te hacer taxbes k ' in Itsik - te hlit niteim haqbal hupal lopeal k ' āk f ( taxbes tcenek fruta fuego tcume 'l Ssaxbes tsek ( scorpion ) familia flecha tcic kulti -kāk SkaHa ' ( k 'ak haku ' a' CHANEABAL 481 - JACALTECA CHANEABAL SPANISH ip fuerte grande JACALTECA ' ni’wan nimexal guaracha canap cañap hablar kumonin 'kotic (vamos hablar ) tsoteli hermana mayor snun hermana menor wanap ’- tsuqhan 'winin Initcan - wanap - an Sbabel winax luctax -an Iskap winax Initcan wictax - an Sco suats hermano mayor sbamkil herniano menor yiitsin kexpuak hierro hija hijo hierro yal yuntik ' il hombre winik ku - tsin k 'aol winaq hueso sbakel bax , bax - il kole 'h huipil iguana iguana intam incienso pOm pom jarrete ome jefe nakhahau j- tsima ' , tsimax tsoxtsox matraca etc labrar (madera , laguna am 'p yak hak ( lengua tcox leon 'a balam icau Scahau ahau yox ku mam kak ) * del sol hop llano hiixta ' napil snan maiz icim malo icim Stcoq orning ) ' sak bel hetcel tcabel sol .” + Cr . " fuego ." " Cf . * m ( - m tomorrow pasado ) mañana (m ( malo mi ' ' madre ' madera ' ai ) te te ) tiempo de lluvias ( ( va llover tcañ ya ( luz - | ” luna mam derecha ) l( laguna toHalawal ) idioina tseum .) lengua la tcux tsimal - jícara tsab tsaxbalil tsaiikt 482 AND TEMPLES TRIBES CHANEABAL SPANISH mano syal -kaap masacuate mediodia mes JACALTECA ku- k ‘ap kėssop kulan - k 'akun tcuman icau huni-cahau metal miel tcaq k mono matcin mac muchacha akic ic muchacho kermano tco ' tcial tcentcen mucho ya murio mujer murciélago tcam ' el k ' amum tcamta icuk sots sots muy nariz ( ?) telax mente muerto 'ap kai (? ) Sku - tcam lintcam -an sni' hospal navaja ' negro kik k ex niño pequeño tcinuntik nictek -hunin noche ākwal tahol inkahol -an a 'balil nopo use usmix nieto quero yali' ofrenda akatc toqwistik ojo sat ' nuevo ( nitcim ak nitcim – flower ) sat huitcik ombre tcikin tcikin padre stat mam pájaro tcuyaltcan tcik oreja tsintax panacho pared pʻakap pʻiitsap Jiclapum pedernal ton - k 'ak ( stone - fire ) pelear tsleweple pequeño tcin tcanie pavo pavo ahtsoq perro tsis E mietci pescado tcaix kai petate pOp pop pie piedra yok Hox t 'on tcentcen cit howel CHANEABAL - JACALTECA SPANISH 483 JACALTECA CHANEABAL yetc ''mal pito axmaiH Su plata ta 'k ' in t' pierna plantar pluma ' umin hatconal kuku ' m cik poco nientcan poniente Spaictoi ku mam paicito tsaiil pitei tsaiik ( - otci -kakun posole pitci ' quemar biktik ratón co ' o ' toʻou relámpago lixbi tcaitesqnak río ni’wañ -ha ' ( - ku - - ‘ ākuh tsonowawal himx wits no ' yi sierra - mats wa mi sueño tabacco maix tambor pumpuwahap techo solum tejer khosxala ( ' mother ( ' ſtinam naits tcemlox Snohin mi wanap an - hwits ſyuctakin tierra luum tcotc tigre tigre balam / wictaxan toʻup took waH wax tortuga tortuga ak trueño awon tcauwuk 'u tsetnak - thundering ) is it ( sun . , to * ' tinája tortilla tsailk mam - hnu related ' tia - Vistcuk na ' - tinap Sswii na tio Probably ) father mam sik suegro - k tsaiik snial snial waiyel suegra ) akun ' sol ' , haxan tsʻunti wits - sembrar sirve Ipahtsa takin sakinal - del ) ( seco tcik Sponom wõk tiempo ) big ( ' ha 'u '* tit stcikel Spaic mam paic tcul tsaiik - sangre k telhani - saliente sapo water ' k - ) big niman water tcak ax rojo tsai tsaiik AND TEMPLES TRIBES CHANEABAL SPANISH isk 'ax уаас yax viejo pokeca cil viento ik ka'e : ' vivo k aula yerno snial ni' zaraguate bats ' mac anmo * hun - e' hun -e ' tcab - e' k a p oc- e' oc - ep tcan - e' kan -ep '- ho - e' ho -ep wak - e' waxh -ep huk - e ' huxh -ep wacak - e ' wacakh balun - e' -ep lahun lahtcow -e' hun - lan ap balun - ep lahun -e ' lan ep - -k hun ep ep balun hun -tab - e' - - al lan lan wacaq ' - - ba - lahun - e ' - wacak - lahun - e ' waq lan huq lan - huk -lahun - e ' - lan ' wak -lahun -e ep - - - kan lan ho - ho -lahun -e ' ep ox - tcan - lahun - e' lan - ' oc - lahun - e - k ‘ hulutc -e' - ep ep verde JACALTECA yetc ep una ep ep SPANISH - 484 - es - ka winax hun anima . , Spanish - al k ' al ‘ - -k es al - - ‘ k oc - - kan winax - hun hun kal ho - - es - kan winax kan ep ( ? ) yoc - -e lahun kal - ' ' ' e - ' -e - hun can ' - laH 400 * wink hun yoc ho e e - - oc U wink tcan wink 100 winax - - tca wink ka - - Jahun ska winax ciento 485 PHRASES TZELTAL SPANISH que Sbin -ka - pas haciendo ? estas bin - u -kala - pas ban -oi-extal-at* viene ? cuando tsetca ’ u bain - tcotchuli linan -in - an estuke - tekel parado está tekel -on hoon estoy parado JACALTECA estoy sentado hutsul - on pisan - in -an soy vivo kucul - on ain koh -an soy muerto estcam tcin -kam -an -on hainan hoon Shaat tu hatc hacat ha - nax estukel ella nosotros Vds . estukel ha -ic hoo -tik -on hai- un tcebal - ik hec - tik Sestukel-ik ellos hep -nax hai- ik estukel - ik ellas hep - ic Sku l -an ( ? ) kuŭn mio aguŭn tuyo suyo tik l- haini ese ham ' - ‘ -k ' -k ni - - t' et be - ' -k ya sac kimit ninox bai bai taiya - -o Sban ? vac be ban - por ? - Iban aix ? omitted . is . May Second person uncertain The person . be - ban vat - ic / Sban tuapeto - bai bai tcectoiyi - - ic - talat ban va para donde tala Sban ? viene ix el es camino está donde lakaic aiyo toimit canté donde tcimit nian aiyo exbakaix ix cantar - a cantar aiyof ni - lakalta cantando quiero ya lantabai - estoy ejos ) (l aquel de to este * ( ? ) - ik yuŭn suyo que ku - - hun - - tik nuestro tik yuŭn kunn - tik voy -tik
