SALUD PROHIBIDA - Incurable Era Ayer by Andreas Ludwig Kalcker (z-lib.org)
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[`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g THO THO\K \K YU@NBEB YU@NBEBK BCD\UHEOL LUH HRLU KH [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g HCKULHT O\K]BM JHODJLU BCD\UHEOL LUH HRLU KH THO THO\K \K YU@NBEB YU@NBEBK 5959 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Lkbt`r1 V`lkbh C`gerl kl oh lgprlsh1 V`bdlkbho`m` V`bdlkbho`m` T.O. Yhçs1 Lsphøh Tb` ]le1 www.hckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g L-ghbo1 bcf`Iv`lk bcf`Iv`lkbh.d`g bh.d`g D`pyrbmnt © 5959 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc ` trhcsgbkh lc duhoqublr f`rgh ` p`r duhoqublr glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Tl nh nldn` t`k` o` p`sbeol phrh qul lstl ober` lstâ oberl kl lrr`rls u `gbsb`cls. Tbc lgehrm` lo hut`r y sus d`ohe`rhk`rls c` hdlpthrèc oh rlsp`cshebobkhk p`r o`s lrr`rls d`glk`s klebk` h duhoqublr duhoqublr hdt` u `gbsbôc clmobmlctl clmobmlctl p`r o`s oldt`rls ` ohs plrs`chs plrs`chs qul hd`cslalc s`erl lo ghtlrbho kl lstl ober`. Hmrhkldbgblct`s1 H t`k`s o`s tlsg`cb`s fhdbobthk`s lc lo ober`, h Hklobch Hckr`cl, Obz Ghrbh Hct`cbcb, Krh. Ghbtl @cd` Ehrlooh y Dlobh Ghsfhrclr p`r oh lxdlolctl hyukh lc oh Lspldbhoglctl rlkhddbôc, h G.K. \czu Ho`cs` ghclrh lspldbho p`rAuhc oh `rmhcbzhdbôc y pr`kuddbôc. hmrhklzd` h A`sâkl Elotrhc, Jhro ]hmclr, Ghculo Kbhz, Mlrk \ctlrwlmlr, Ol` J`ln`ff, Khc Elcklr, Hcmâobdh D`sth, Ghrb` Mubk`, Dhr`obch @rtbz, Musty Oôplz, A`rml Flrrb, Ohurh y Hch Ohurh, Kyhch, Vholrbh, Hckrâs Mbgâclz, Vbdt`r Num`, C`rgh Erbhmhs, A`nccy, Nugelrt` Dhrehon`, Dnhro`ttl, Mhst`c Fbolcb, G`cbjh Uljlon`f, h U`mlr, Lcrbj y A`slp Yégbls y h Td`tt p`r klshrr`oohr lo DKN, h oh Krh. Mo`rbh Chvbcls Mrhu p`r o`s kht`s fhrghdâutbd`s, hklgès p`r o`s hp`rtls pr`flsb`cholss lspldbhols pr`flsb`chol lspldbho ls h Kr. Kr. Musthv` Olôc, Yr`f. Krh. U`dç` Ohpulctl, Ohpulctl , Kr. Kr. Ècmlo Mrhdbh, Mrhdbh , Krh. Drbsch Glcklz, Kr. Auobhc Uhehchqul, Krh.Ybohr Flrchcklz, Krh. Bshelo Eloo`sths, Krh. [lrlsh F`rdhkls, Krh. Bshelo Dusô, Krh. D. Mhoolm`, Krh. Hctal @swhok, Kr. Hcmlo Lsduklr`, Kr. Johus Tdnustlrlklr, Yr`f. Kr. J`crhk Glyo, Krh. Dohukbh Obolw``k, Krh. Lvh Tlrrh, Krh. Oubsh G`rhols, Kr. M`bz Kurèc, Uhbclr [huflrtsnöflr, Jlrrb Ubvlrh, Yhtrbdj Elhug`ct, A`sâ Oubs Cñølz, Kr. Kr. A`hcbs E`udnlo`s y h Abg A bg Nugeol p`r nhelr bcbdbhk` gb lthph culvh kl oh vbkh y h Uhgh p`r lsthr h gb ohk` kl ghclrh bcd`ckbdb`cho y d`c t`k` gb hg`r h Brbs, Glohcbl, y Hckrlh. Hut`r1 Hckrlhs Oukwbm Jhodj Jhodjlr lr [çtuo`1 ‟Thouk Yr`nbebkh‗ (>ª Lkbdbôc) BTEC1 2=>->;-69>->99<-2 Lkbt`r1 V`lkbh © 5959 F`t` kl oh p`rthkh1 Auhc Gbmulo T`erôc kh Tbovh [bp`mrèdh1 Lkuhrk` C`mulbrh Kbslø` kl oh p`rthkh1 E`rbs Ohuxtlrghc Kbslø` kl pèmbch1 houjh © 5986 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g T`erl lo hut`r1 Hckrlhs Oukwbm Jhodjlr Bcvlsmhk`r dblcd` y lsdrbt`r, chdbk` lc Holghcbh. Tl klkbdh h bcvlsmhr s`erl p`sbeols vçhs culvhs kl trhthgblct`s kl lcflrglkhkls d`csbklrhkhs bcdurheols ` kl kbdbo durhdbôc h trhvâs kl oh d`gprlcsbôc kl ohs vlrkhklr vlrkhklrhs hs dhushs kl ohs lcflrglkhkls. D`c su bklh kl ‟Eb`sbdh Chturho‗ bctlcth klsdbfrhr h trhvâs kl oh oômbdh oh vlrkhk bctrçcsldh klo lsthk` kl lcflrglkhk, yh qul c` sl d`cf`rgh d`c khr uc c`gerl h o`s sçct`ghs. Nh vbvbk` lc Lsphøh kurhctl 4< hø`s, sblck` su rlsbklcdbh hdtuho lc Tubzh trhehahck` d`g` kbrldt`r kl uc ohe`rht`rb` kl bcvlsmhdbôc `etlcblck` d`g` rlsuothk` kl su trheha` vhrbhs phtlctls phrh culv`s glkbdhglct`s. Obdlcdbhk` lc Ld`c`gçh, gès thrkl `etuv` lo k`dt`rhk` kl eb`sbdh lc oh rhgh kl glkbdbch hotlrchvh (Yn.K.) p`r su tlsbs qul lstè rllahkh lc su prbglr ober` ‟DKT1 Oh Thouk ls Y`sbeol‗. Y`stlrb`rglctl kldbkbô klv`ovlr lo tuo` duhck` c` ol rlsphokô oh fhduothk ho slr kbfhghk` p`r homuc`s glkb`s kl d`gucbdhdbôc s`erl sus klsduerbgblct`s. Nhsth oh fldnh sbmul sblck` Gblger` kl oh Hs`dbhdbôc Holghch kl Eb`sbdh (Klutsdnl Mlsloosdnh fÿr Eb`pnysbj l.V.). Dhel klsthdhr lo lxbt`s` pr`t`d`o` kl trhthgblct` phrh husg` rlmrlsbv` d`c ohs Trhs. Dhrrhsd` y Ubvlrh oolvhk` h oh prèddh auct` d`c oh Fuckhdbôc vlcdblck` lo Husg` lc Vlclzuloh klskl lo 5988. Lc ‟Husg @cl‗, oh ghy`r d`cflrlcdbh guckbho s`erl husg` lc Dnbdhm`, lc lo 5984 y 598; sl prlslctô lo culv` d`cdlpt` kl ‟Vhddbc`sbs Yhrhsbthrbh‗ k`ckl t`xbchs obelrhkhs p`r o`s phrèsbt`s s`c uch kl ohs dhushs kl o`s sçct`ghs d`c`dbk`s d`g` lo husg` rlmrlsbv`. Nhsth oh fldnh nhy gès kl 4<9 cbø`s k`duglcthk`s y rlp`rthk`s d`c uch rlgbssb`c prèddhglctl d`gpolth d`gpolth kl husg` d`c lstl pr`t`d`o`. pr`t`d`o`. Lstl o`mr` ful p`ssbeol h trhvâs kl pèmbchs Fhdle``j d`g` ‟phrhsbt`sb ‟phrhsbt`sbss husth‗ y `trhs, k`ckl ohs ghkrls y phkrls d`c cbø`s rlduplrhk`s hyukhc h hpobdhr lo pr`t`d`o` h o`s bclxplrt`s d`gphrlck` lxplrblcdbhs y d`ctls d`ctlsthck` thck` kukhs. Ls ‟uch dhklch kl fhv`rls‗ fhv`rls‗ nldnh rlhobkhk, klv`ovblck` flobdbkhk h ohs fhgbobhs hfldthkhs, rlduplrhck` su gès qulrbk` slr… [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g = [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g ‟Thouk Yr`nbebkh‗ Lstl ober` lstè klkbdhk` h o`s qul sufrlc y h hquloo`s qul o`s dubkhc d`c hg`r [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Tughrb` T`erl lo hut`r1 Hckrlhs Oukwbm Jhodjlr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = Tughrb` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Bctr`kuddbôc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Bctr`kuddbôc. ‟Tlr flobz y c` g`rbr lc lo bctlct`‗ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 [`kh lcflrglkhk ls fhoth kl lclrmçh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Oh bctlcdbôc klo ober` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 ‟Lo gblk` ls gho d`cslalr` y eulc vlcklk`r‗ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 °Y`r quâ homuchs plrs`chs sl lcflrghc y `trhs c`0. c`0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5< Hdbklz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 ‟Lo dulrp` lcflrg` ls èdbk`‗ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Cutrbdbôc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4< Glkbdhglct`s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;9 Herbr oh glctl… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;4 Dhpçtuo` 8. 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;2 Herlvbhturhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;2 Olmhobkhk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <9 Lo klsduerbgblct` kl Abg1 °Xul ls GGT, thgebâc oohghk` DK0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . <5 °Xul ls oh ghohrbh0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <; Lo lcshy` kl oh Druz U`ah ‟qul cucdh ful‗ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . << Ulduplrhdb`cls Ulduplr hdb`cls d`crghkhs p`r phdblctls phdblctls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6> Nldn`s d`c`dbk`s klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. do`r` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =9 °Yulkl durhr t`k`0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =4 ¡C` ls nbp`do`rbt`! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =4 Do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@5), lo prldurs`r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g 88 Thouk Yr`nbebkh °Dôg` sl nhdl0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =< @xbkhdbôc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =6 @xbkhdbôc O`s `xbkhctls. `xbkhctls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >9 Yrldhudb`cls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >5 °Ls tôxbd`0. tôxbd`0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >; Dhpçtuo` 5. . . . . . . . . (KGT@) 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >= Kbglosuofôxbk` Hmuh kl ghr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 D`cthgbchdbôc D`cthgbchdb ôc lc lo ghr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 D`g` t`ghr hmuh kl ghr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2= Hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbh hccuh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2> Lstlvbh (Ttlvbh rlehukbhch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898 Jhohcdn`l (Ery`pnyoou (Ery`pnyooug g khbmrlg`chc khbmrlg`chcug) ug) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894 Yltrôol`11 shchk`r ucbvlrsho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89< Yltrôol` [rlglcch1 ‟`trh tlrhpbh phchdlh‗ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89> °Xuâ pr`kudt`s ushr0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889 Eôrhx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88; Lo Qhpplr (Eb`tr`nc®) [lrhpbh kl frldulcdbhs loldtr`ghmcâdhs. loldtr`ghmcâdhs . . . . . . . . . . . . 855 Dhpçtuo` 4. 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85= Ollr prbglr` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85= Dohsls kl Yhtômlc`s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852 Ulmohs mlclrhols1 (Hkvlrtlcdbhs y D`ctrhbckb D`ctrhbckbdhdb`cls) dhdb`cls).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852 Obsth rèpbkh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845 F`rghs kl hpobdhdbôc klo Kbôxbk` kl Do`r` (DK). (DK). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844 Yr`t`d`o` H. Hghtlur ` Yrbcdbpbhctl. Yrbcdbpbhctl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84; Yr`t`d`o` E. (lqubvholctl ho hcmu` pr`t`d`o` 8999). 8999) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84< Yr`t`d`o` D. DKT (hcmu` pr`t`d`o` 898) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84= Yr`t`d`o` K. Klrght`oômbd` (phrh oh pblo). pblo) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84> Yr`t`d`o` L. Lclghs. Lclghs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842 Yr`t`d`o` F. Frldulctl (hcmu` pr`t`d`o` vçrbd` 88<) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8;8 Yr`t`d`o` M. Mhs (duhck` ls uobzhk` sôo` lo mhs). mhs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8;5 Yr`t`d`o` N. Nhebthdbôc (phrh lvbthr d`cthmb`s). d`cthmb`s). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8;< Yr`t`d`o` B. Bcsldt`s l pbdhkurhs pbdhkurhs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8;6 Yr`t`d`o` A. lcAuhmhr (pr`t`d`o` e`dh). e`dh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8;6 Yr`t`d`o` J. Jbt d`gebchk` d`c KGT@ ho =9%. =9% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8;= Yr`t`d`o` O. Ohvhk` (pr`t`d`o` kl ehø`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8;2 Yr`t`d`o` G. Ghohrbh (k`sbs hoths). hoths) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8<8 Yr`t`d`o` C. Cbø`s y hk`olsdlctls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8<5 Yr`t`d`o` @. @hog`oômbd` / @t`rrbc` (chsho) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8<5 Yr`t`d`o` Y. Yhrèsbt`s (pr`t`d`o` bctlcs`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8<; Yr`t`d`o` X. Xulghkurhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862 Yr`t`d`o` U. Uldtho d`c plrbooh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8=9 Yr`t`d`o` T. Tlcsbeol (d`c k`sbs guy p`d` h p`d`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8=8 85 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Tughrb` Yr`t`d`o` [. [lrgbcho (lcflrglkhkls guy mrhvls) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8=5 Yr`t`d`o` \. \rmlcdbh (hcmu` pr`t`d`o` 6+6 kl Dohrh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8=5 Yr`t`d`o` V. Vhmbcho (uobzhck` brrbmhdbôc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8=4 Yr`t`d`o` ]. ]hu! (Hklgès sl pulkl ushr phrh...) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8=; Yr`t`d`o` ^. klt`^ (klt`xbdhr glthols plshk`s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8=6 Yr`t`d`o` R. R. bcRlddbôc kl DKB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8=6 Yr`t`d`o` (Eb`tr`nc®, Yr`t`d`o` Q. klQhpplr, nbp`do`rbt` kl dhodb`mlclrhk`r (GGT5) . .kl . . frldulcdbhs) . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8== 8=> Ulsuglc y pr`t`d`o` kl ghctlcbgblct` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8>9 Dhpçtuo` ;. ;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8>4 Hesdls` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8>< Hdcâ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8>6 Hh eudho. eudho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8>> Holrmbh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8>2 Hoznlbglr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828 Hgbmkhobs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825 Hgbmkhobs Hcsblkhk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824 Hplckbdbs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82; Hplckbdbs Hrtlrb`sdolr`sbs / Htlr`ght`sbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82< Hrtrbs rlught`bkl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82> Hrtr`sbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 Hsgh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 Husg` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594 Er`cqubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59< Erudlo`sbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596 Eursbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59= Dèoduo` rlcho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59> Dhovbdbl.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592 Dhovbdbl Dècdlr d`o`rrldtho. d`o`rrldtho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 Dècdlr kl lsôfhm` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 Dècdlr mèstrbd` (lstôghm`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58; Dècdlr kl nçmhk` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58< Dècdlr kl olcmuh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586 Dècdlr kl ghgh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582 Dècdlr ôsl`. ôsl` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558 Dècdlr kl `vhrb` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558 Dècdlr phcdrlèd` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55; Dècdlr kl prôsthth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55< Dècdlr kl puogôc. puogôc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 Dècdlr rlcho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55> Dècdlr r`bkl` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 Dècdlr utlrbc` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 Dècdlr kl vlabmh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 Dhckbkbhsbs (vhmbcho) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g 84 Thouk Yr`nbebkh Dhsph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54< Dnhmhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 Dnbjucmucyh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54> Dbèdh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5;9 Dbrr`sbs nlpèdh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5;5 Dbss ` bcflddbôc urbchrbh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5;; D`olstlr D`olstlr`o. `o. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5;< D`obs uodlr`sh 5;= D`caucvbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5;> Klglcdbh.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5;2 Klglcdbh Klcmul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<8 Klprlsbôc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<5 Klrghs htôpbdh. htôpbdh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<; Kbheltls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<< Kbhrrlh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<= Kbsfucdbôc lrâdo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<2 Kbvlrduobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569 K`o`r kl dhelzh dhelzh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 Âe`oh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564 Lcflrglkhkls hut`bcgucls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56; Lcflrglkhk kl Dr`nc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56< Lcflrglkhk kl Oygl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56= Lcflrglkhk puog`chr `estrudvh drôcbdh (LY@D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56> Lrupdb`cls lc oh pblo. pblo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562 Lsdnlrbdnbh d`ob (L. d`ob). d`ob). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5=8 Lsdolr`sbs ohtlrho hgb`trôdh (LOH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5=5 Lsdolr`sbs gñopol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5=4 Lsqubz`frlcbh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5=< Lst`ghs Vlsbduohr. Vlsbduohr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5=6 Fber`gbhombh.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5== Fber`gbhombh Fber`sbs quçsdh. quçsdh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5=> Fblerl f`bklh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5>9 Fçstuoh hcho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5>8 Frhdturh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5>4 Mhstrbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5>; Mhstr`lctlrbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5>< Mbcmbvbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5>= Mo`glruo`clfrbs p`slstrlpt p`slstrlpt`dôdbdh `dôdbdh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5>> M`c`rrlh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5>2 M`th . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 Mrbpl (Bculczh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 Nlphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 Nlrbkh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524 Nlrcbh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52; Nlrpls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52< 8; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Tughrb` Nbplrtlcsbôc hrtlrbho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 Nbplrr`bkbsg`.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 Nbplrr`bkbsg` N`cm`s - Gbd`sbs. Gbd`sbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52> Bcflddb`cls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52> Bcflddb`cls Bcsudblcdbh dhrkçhdh d`cmlsv d`cmlsvhh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 Bcsudblcdbh rlcho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 Bsqulgbh rlplrfusbôc Olbsnghcbhsbs dutèclhrlcho . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 495 494 Oludlgbh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49< Obqulc lsdolr`s` htrôd` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496 Obcf`gh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49> Oupus (lrbtlght`s`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 Ghohrbh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 Glcbcmbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48; Glthols plshk`s. plshk`s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48< Gbmrhøh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48> G`c`cudol`sbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48> Clfrbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 Clug`cçh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 @stl`gblobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 @stl`p`r`sbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 @s.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 @s Ylrb`k`cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45; Ybdhkurhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45< Ybl kl htolth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45> Yr`sths.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 Yr`sths Ys`rbhsbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 Yuog`cçh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 Xulghkurh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 Xubstls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 Ulua` mhstr`ls`fèmbd` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44; Ulsfrbhk` d`gñc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44< Ubcbs hoârmbdh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 Thrd`bk`sbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44= THUG (Tthpnyo`d`ddus Hurlus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44> Thrch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44> Tçckr`gl kl Taömrlc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 Tbcusbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4;9 Tthpnyo`d`ddus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4;8 [rhst`rc` Ebp`ohr (y Hcsblkhk Mlclrhobzhkh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4;5 [r`ge`sbs vlc`sh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4;4 [uelrduo`sbs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4;< [uelrduo`sbs [ug`r.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4;6 [ug`r Ñodlrhs pâpdhs (Nlobd`ehdtlr pyo`rb) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4;= Ñodlrhs vhsduohrls. vhsduohrls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4;> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g 8< Thouk Yr`nbebkh \vlçs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4;2 Vhmbc`sbs ehdtlrbhch. ehdtlrbhch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<8 Vhrbdls (bcsudblcdbh vlc`sh drôcbdh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<5 Vlrrumhs vçrbdhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<4 VBN/TBKH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<; Vbrus kl Lpstlbc-Ehrr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<= Vbobm` . . . . . . . . Nughc` . . . . . . . .(VYN) . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4<2 Vbrus klo. .Yhpbo`gh 469 Dhpçtuo` <. <. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 D`g` prlphrhr DK (kbôxbk` kl do`r`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 °Y`r quâ èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` y c` dçtrbd` d`g` hdvhk`r0. hdvhk`r0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46; Oh f`rgh fèdbo y slmurh kl nhdlr DKT DKT.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46< Oh f`rgh gès pr`flsb`cho y ldhz kl nhdlr DKT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4=9 D`g` prlphrhr DKB (kbôxbk` kl do`r` bcyldtheol) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4=4 °Xuâ ls gla`r1 DK, DKT, DKN, Do`rbt` sbc hdvhr0. hdvhr0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4=< Dhpçtuo` 6. 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4=2 Oh slddbôc gès dblcdh… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4=2 O`s prbcdbpb`s eèsbd`s oômbd`-eb`sbd`s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4>8 Oh bckustrbh fhrghdâudh. fhrghdâudh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4>5 [`kh lcflrglkhk ls fhoth kl lclrmçh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4>4 °Xuâ ls hmuh lstrudturhkh0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4>2 Lcshy`s doçcbd`s d`c `xbkhctls (`xçmlc` lsthebobzhk`). lsthebobzhk`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Kbôxbk` kl do`r`1 Do@5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42; Yrldhudb`cls y `eslrvhdb`cls h tlclr lc dulcth phrh lo us` tlrhpâud tlrhpâud` ` . . . . 426 [`xbdbkhk klthoohkh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42> Ulsuothk`s dblcd`s kl oh lxp`sbdbôc `rho d`c kbôxbk` kl do`r` . . . . . . . . . . . ;98 Kbflrlcdbhs Kbflrlcd bhs lctrl lo DKT y DK (GGT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;94 °Ls Do@5 uc pohdle`0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;9< Nbpôtlsbs kl g`k`s kl hddbôc - fhrghd`kbchgbh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;96 Oh `sdbohdbôc quçgbdh klo do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@5) y klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` (Do@5) ;9> Fhrghd`dbcâdh Fhrghd`dbc âdh d`c oh ghohrbh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;92 Oh s`rprlcklctl ldhdbh kl oh Hrtlgbsbh hccuh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;92 Kbglosuofôxbk` (KGT@) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;88 Dhpçtuo` =. =. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;8= Bcf`rgl plrbdbho klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. do`r`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;8= Do`rur` kl Nbkrômlc` (NDo) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;8> Klschturhobzhdbôc Klschturhob zhdbôc kl pr`tlçchs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;55 Bcf`rgl plrbdbho1 lstrudturhs y nldn`s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;5; Hddb`cls klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;5= Bcf`rgl plrbdbho klo kbglosuof kbglosuofôxbk` ôxbk` (KGT@) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;4; Bcf`rgl plrbdbho kl lstukb`s t`xbd`oômbd`s t`xbd`oômbd`s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;4; Bcf`rgl plrbdbho1 \s`s klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;46 86 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Tughrb` Dhpçtuo` >. >. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;;8 Y`stkhth klo d`rhzôc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;;8 Ebeob`mrhfçh.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;;< Ebeob`mrhfçh [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g 8= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Bctr`kuddbôc ‟Tlr flobz y c` g`rbr lc lo bctlct`‗ H t`k` slr nughc`shc`, ol musth ‟slrvberhctl, flobz‗, y y` c`dhphz s`y kbflrlctl. Duhck` tl sblctls fulrtl, lrls kl nhdlr sbdhglctl o` qul klslhs, plr` duhck` tu shouk lgpblzh h glcmuhr, t`k` o` rlohdb`chk` d`c tu vbkh… sufrl. Nl hprlckbk`, klspuâs kl nhelr tlcbk` uch vbkh gès ghtlrbhobsth lc o`s hø`s 29, qul oh vlrkhklrh flobdbkhk flobdbkhk lstè klctr` kl uc` gbsg` y c` lc ohs d`shs qul lcls, p`rqul ho cho uc` c` lcl ohs d`shs, sbc` qul ohs d`shs o` lclc h uc`. Oh vlrkhklrh flobdbkhk chdl klo nldn` kl nhdlr flobz h `trh plrs`ch. °Lxbstl hom` qul c`s pulkh nhdlr gès flobdls qul shovhr uch vbkh0… hucqul phrlzdh phrlz dh bgp`sbeol, ¡t`k`s p`klg`s nhdlro`! Gblctrhs lo nldn` klo chdbgblct` qubzès slh lo bgphdt` lg`db`cho gès mrhckl qul` p`khg`s lxplr bglcthr, lxplrbglcthr , lo plrklr h tuvbvbr phrlah, qul uch ghkrl pblrkh h su nba`, uc nba` pblrkh h su phkrl, sbmcbdh o`s `bgphdt`s lg`db`chols clmhv`s gès fulrtls qul p`khg`s sufrbr, hphrtl kl culstrh pr`pbh gulrtl. Drl` qul h t`k`s c`s`tr`s c`s musthrçh p`klr slr nâr`ls, shovhck` ohs vbkhs kl `trhs plrs`chs, yh slh rlsdhtèck`ohs kl uc hn`m` ` shovèck`ohs kl uc bcdlckb` ` kl uc hddbklctl kl d`dnl. Gl phrldl qul âsth ls oh rhzôc p`r oh duho gudn`s aôvlcls lstukbhc glkbdbch1 o` nhdlc d`c lo c kl hyukhr y durhr durhr.. Cldlsbthg`s shelr qul nhy uc dhgbc` phrh oh ‟THO\K‗, duhck` c`s nhc kbdn` qul yh c` nhy chkh gès qul nhdlr. C` nhy qul plrklr oh lsplrhczh… ahgès. Ho klsduerbr p`r gç gbsg` qul lxbstlc hotlrchvhs h oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, d`cvlcdb`c ho, sl gl nhc heblrt` o`s `a`s y klskl lct`cdls gl klkbd` h bcvlsmhr s`erl uch suesthcdbh d`c`dbkh d`g` GGT, qul lc rlhobkhk c` ls `trh d`sh 82 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh qul kbôxbk` kl do`r`, uc` kl o`s klsbcfldthctls gès uobzhk`s y ldhdls kl oh nbst`rbh nughch kurhctl gès kl 899 hø`s, sbc drlhr rlsbstlcdbhs. Eulc`, pbk` kbsduophs… nhy qul hkgbr qul sç drlh rlsbstlcdbhs, yh qul lxbstlc homuc`s kltrhdt`rls d`c hfèc kl pr`thm`cbsg`, qul d`csbklrhc qul ls uch suesthcdbh plobmr`sh y vlclc`sh, y p`r o` thct` sl trhth kl uc tlgh d`ctr`vlrk`. Y`rqul duhck` uch plrs`ch lstè bctlcthck` lxpobdhr h o`s klflcs`rls kl oh lrrh pohch, qul oh lrrh lc rlhobkhk ls rlk`ckh… lst` dn`dh d`c ohs bklhs kl uc ‟dhelzh duhkrhkh holgèc d`g` y`… 1) °Xuâ ls oh shouk0 Oh shouk ls polch lclrmçh lc g`vbgblct` hrgôcbd` Oh shouk ls oh dhphdbkhk y lo klrldn` bckbvbkuho, d`oldv` y kl rlhobzhdbôc klo p`tlcdbho nughc`, eb`oômbd`, psbd`oômbd` y s`dbho. °Xuâ ls oh lcflrglkhk0 [`khs ohs lcflrglkhkls lclc hom` lc d`gñc… [`kh lcflrglkhk ls fhoth kl lclrmçh Oh lcflrglkhk ls lo klslquboberb` kl oh shouk y rlprlslcth duhoqublr lsthk` k`ckl nhyh uc kltlrb`r` klo `rmhcbsg` nughc`. Lc t`khs ohs lcflrglkhkls sl pr`kudl uc klebobthgblct` klo sbstlgh chturho kl klflcsh klo `rmhcbsg`, y lst` pr`v`dh huslcdbh kl shouk. Nhdl gudn`s hø`s, lc uch d`cvlrshdbôc d`c A`sâ, uc lxdlolc lxdlolctl tl hgbm` gç` qul sl rlduplrô kl uch mrhvl bct`xbdhdbôc d`c glrdurb` ushck` kbôxbk` kl do`r`, ol d`glctâ qul pr`eheolglc pr`eheolglctl, tl, y` c` fulrh o` sudblctlglctl dblcd` d`g` phrh hvlrbmuhr kl quâ ghclrh fucdb`cheh lsth susthcdbh ‟gbohmr`sh‗ lc thcths lcflrglkhkls. lcflrglkhkls. Tu rlspulsth ful sbgpol, gl kba`1 ‟[u bctâctho`… °quâ gès kh oh lxpobdhdbôc dblcdh lxhdth, duhck` ls `evb` qul fucdb`ch lc thcsbghs plrs`chs, sbc ghthr h chkbl0‗ Ol nbdl dhs` y gl pusl h trhehahr. O` nbdl p`rqul ls oh durb`sbkhk o` qul gl g`vh, c` p`r uch dulsôc kl lm`, yh qul d`g` hdhkâgbd` gl d`csbklr` brrlolvhctl. Ol rld`gblck` qul sbmh ñcbdhglctl sus pr`pbhs d`cdousb`cls, y` sbgpolglctl v`y h bctlcthr lxp`clr lc lstl ober` o` qul ls oômbd`, d`c nldn`s brrlfutheols. Oh dblcdbh sl ehsh tlôrbdhglctl lc lvbklcdbhs. Nhdl uc`s p`d`s dblct`s kl hø`s, oh rlobmbôc y oh dblcdbh sl slphrhr`c y ful prldbshglctl p`d` klspuâs kl qul sl hsugblrh oh bklh kl qul oh lrrh, lc rlhobkhk, lrh rlk`ckh. 59 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Bctr`kuddbôc D`c lo lgp`, klsmrhdbhkhglctl, oh dblcdbh sl nh d`cvlrk` dhkh vlz gès lc uc tlrrlc` kl drllcdbhs… y oh phoherh ‟drllr‗ gl musth klcbroh d`g` ‟c` shelr‗. Oh dblcdbh `dbho qul tlclg`s, hkgbtl tl`rçhs qul thgebâc sl oohghc p`stuohk`s. C` nhy chkh kl gho` lc loo`s, sbc lgehrm` °quâ `durrl sb uc` kl o`s p`stuohk`s ` tl`rçhs gès fuckhglcthols s`c lrrôcl`s0 Lo prbcdbpho pr`eolgh ls qul uch tl`rçh sl g`cth s`erl `trh y c`s lcd`ctrhg`s gudnhs vldls d`c hc`ghoçhs ` bcd`cmrulcdbhs dblcdhs qul dhrldlc kl oômbdh, d`g` p`r lalgpo` qul lo =9% kl culstr`s mlcls, s`c, supulsthglctl, mlcls ehsurh… °D`c quâ chobkhk nhrçh lst` culstr` `rmhcbsg`, qul ls uc sbstlgh plrfldt` ehshk` lc oh oômbdh0 Hsç qul o` prbglr` qul qublr` nhdlr hquç, ls prbcdbphoglctl lcsløhrols lvbklcdbhs. Gudn`s oldt`rls c` nhc `çk` cucdh s`erl lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ` do`rbt` sôkbd`, thgebâc oohghk` GGT (T`oudbôc Gbclrho Gbohmr`sh), qul ls lo c`gerl qul ol kb` Abg Nugeol h lsth suesthcdbh, yh qul lc su kçh, o`s rlsuothk`s ol phrldblr`c… ‟gbohmr`s`s‗. Bctlrclt lstè oolc` kl tlstbg`cb`s (shoukpr`nbebkh.d`g, p`r lalgpo`) kl t`k`s o`s phçsls klo guck`, yh slh p`r lsdrbt` ` p`r vçkl`, y hucqul uc tlstbg`cb` c` sbmcbfbqul lvbklcdbh dblctçfbdh, sç qul ls uch lvbklcdbh olmho aurçkbdh. V`y h bctlcthr hdohrhr p`rquâ fucdb`ch lsth suesthcdbh lc thcths plrs`chs, lc thctçsbghs lcflrglkhkls, sbc hphrlctl lxpobdhdbôc. Lo `tr` kçh lsdudnâ uch frhsl bctlrlshc bctlrlshctl1 tl1 ‟\c mlcb` ls dhphz kl lxpobdhr hom` d`gpobdhk` kl ghclrh sbgpol, y uc bcño ls lo qul lxpobdh hom` sbgpol kl ghclrh d`gpobdhkh‗ C` ls qul gl d`csbklrl uc mlcb` cb gudn` glc`s, sbgpolglctl qublr` bctlcthr lc lstl ober` uobzhr uc olcmuhal fèdbo y prèdd`, phrh qul o` lclckhc duhcths gès plrs`chs, gla`r. Tb d`csbm` qul o`s hdhkâgbd`s pblcslc s`erl o` qul lstè lsdrbt`, qubzès lc uc futur` pulkhc pr`kudbrsl dhgeb`s p`sbv`s lc lo tlrrlc` kl oh shouk, qul ls hom` qul cldlsbth culstr` guck`. Nl hprlckbk` qul c` lxbstl hes`outhglctl chkh lc culstr` \cbvlrs` qul c` sbmh oh rlmoh kl oh oômbdh. Lo pr`eolgh ls qul o`s nughc`s nhebtuhoglctl s`g`s klghsbhk` t`ct`s d`g` phrh p`klr d`gprlcklro`. Âsth ls uch kl ohs rhz`cls p`r ohs qul gl klkbd` h oh eb`sbdh, klctr` klo dhgp` kl oh glkbdbch hotlrchvh, p`rqul qublr` lcd`ctrhr culvhs rlspulsths h vbla`s pr`eolghs sbc s`oudb`chr s`oudb` chr.. Tâ qul oh dblcdbh ls pruleh pr uleh y lrr`r, lrr`r, y qublr` kbsduophrgl kbsduoph rgl kl hctlghc` sb gl lqubv`d` lc homuc`s klthools. Bctlcthrâ lxtrhlr ohs d`cdousb`cls o` gès oômbdhglctl p`sbeols, ehshkhs lc gbols kl lvbklcdbhs y tlsg`cb`s. \c` kl o`s prbcdbphols `estèduo`s kl oh nughcbkhk nh sbk` oh eur`drhdbh, yh qul n`y lc kçh c`s lcd`ctrhg`s d`c uch olmbsohdbôc qul nhdl qul duhoqublr 58 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh glkbdhglct` culv`, cldlsbtl uc gçcbg` kl > h 89 hø`s phrh slr hpr`ehk`, hphrtl kl uch bcglcsh bcvlrsbôc. Chkbl phrldl nhelrsl khk` dulcth, kl qul lst` bgpobdh qul sôo` ohs gès mrhckls lgprlshs kbsp`ckrèc klo kbclr` sudblctl, phrh drlhr uc glkbdhglct` culv`. D`g` loo`s kbsp`clc kl dhpbtho, c` ls gès qul uch bcvlrsbôc h rlduplrhr, yh qul sbgpolglctl sl bcdrlglcth lo prldb` cho klo pr`kudt`, uch vlz hut`rbzhk`. D`g` ls lo dhs` klo glkbdhglct` ^hchx®, uc trhcqubobzhctl trhcqubobz hctl d`c uc ghrmlc d`glrdbho klo <6>.999% (!) d`g` o` nl klsdrbt` lc gb ober` hctlrb`r1 ‟DKT1 Oh Thouk ls p`sbeol‗ p`sbeol‗.. \ch kl ohs rhz`cls p`r ohs qul nl lsdrbt` lstl ober`, ls p`rqul qublr` d`gphrr lo d`c`dbgblct` d`c hquloohs plrs`chs lcflrghs qul c` kbsp`clc kl lst`s > h 89 hø`s phrh durhrsl kl uch lcflrglkhk drôcbdh kbhmc`sdhkh d`g` bcdurheol, ` pl`r t`khvçh, d`c ohs qul kbhrbhglctl s`c klshnudbhkhs p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, d`g` sl kh lc gudnçsbg`s dhs`s kl dècdlr. dècdlr. C` klelrçh nhelr cbcmñc `estèduo` eur`drèd` phrh ohs plrs`chs qul qublrhc pr`ehr s`oudb`cls hotlrchvhs eha` su pr`pbh rlsp`cshebobkhk. Lc o`s ñog`s hø`s, gb vbkh nh khk` uc dhgeb` lc t`k`s o`s slck`s. Lo sbgpol nldn` kl qulrlr hyukhr h o`s klgès, gl nh nldn` khrgl dulcth qul lstl guck` ls d`g` uch ‟ghtrbx‗, d`c sus pr`pbhs rlmohs, k`ckl chkh ls o` qul phrldl. R` sbm` drlylck` qul oh lslcdbh nughch ls eulch y qul hyukhr ho prôabg` ls hom` qul oolvhg`s guy klctr` kl c`s`tr`s. O` nl p`kbk` vlr lc gbs vbhals, k`ckl gudnhs vldls gl hyukhr`c sbc plkbr chkh h dhgeb`. O` nl p`kbk` vlr lc lo erboo` kl o`s `a`s kl ohs ghkrls d`c cbø`s rlduplrhk`s kl husg`, y kl `tr`s qul nhc p`kbk` vlcdlr ho dècdlr, y kl o`s tlrhpluths qul rldbeblr`c uch lxdlolctl nlrrhgblcth phrh p`klr hyukhr h sus phdblctls, y thgebâc kl t`k`s hquloo`s gâkbd`s qul tuvblr`c lo vho`r kl lsdudnhr y lcfrlcthrsl ho sbstlgh, duhck` lo sbstlgh doèsbd` kl glkbdbch hoôphth c` ols pr`p`rdb`cheh yh cbcmuch s`oudbôc. Eblcvlcbk`s ho guck` kl oh shouk pr`nbebkh. Oh bctlcdbôc klo ober` Homuc`s kl ustlkls sl vhc h prlmucthr dôg` oh shouk pulkl lsthr pr`nbebkh, yh qul bcbdbhoglctl, c` phrldl oômbd`. Oh bctlcdbôc kl lstl ober` ls herbr o`s `a`s h t`k`s hquloo`s qul nhc sbk` pr`mrhghk`s y nhc rldbebk` uch lkudhdbôc, ehshkh lc uc sbstlgh lkudhv` kl `elkblcdbh, kl ‟drllr‗ lc nldn`s dblcd`s, sbc Fbm. 81 Mb`rkhc` Eruc`. duls`chro`s. 55 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Bctr`kuddbôc Nhy qul khrsl dulcth qul t`k`s o`s mrhckls dhgeb`s klo d`c`dbgblct` nughc` ho prbcdbpb` fulr`c rldnhzhk`s, rbkbduobzhk`s, d`gehk`s y auzmhk`s, kl ghclrh d`ctucklctl. Homuchs plrs`chs nherèc `çk` ` rld`rkhrèc lstl nldn`, y thgebâc lo c`gerl kl Mb`rkhc` Eruc`, plr` pr`eheolglctl chkbl sl hdulrkl n`y lc kçh, kl oh plrs`ch qul o` ghckô h oh n`mulrh (lctrl `trhs d`shs) p`r d`csbklrhr qul oh lrrh lrh rlk`ckh, bklh qul n`y sl kh p`r supulsth. Ho phrldlr ohs d`shs c` nhc dhgebhk` gudn`, hucqul hf`rtuchkhglctl h o`s klsduerbk`rls yh c` sl o`s qulgh sbdhglctl, n`y sl o`s hthdh glkbhctl glkbhctl oh kbfhghdbôc. Yrbglr` sl rldnhzh t`k` mrhc klsduerbgblct` ` c`vlkhk p`r slr d`csbklrhkh hesurkh, klspuâs sl hthdh ho klsduerbk`r ` pr`g`t`r d`c t`khs ohs fulrzhs h trhvâss kl o`s glkb`s kl d`gucbdhdbôc, eusdhck` hobhk`s phrh d`gehr lo nldn`, trhvâ oh c`vlkhk, lo klsduerbgblct`… Tb hñc hsç c` sl o`mrh phrhr oh vlrkhk, sl rbkbduobzh y sl kbfhgh h oh plrs`ch, yh qul o`s kltrhdt`rls c` kbsp`clc kl `tr`s hrmuglct`s phrh s`stlclr su lcmhø`.D`c lo phs` klo lgp`, sl hkgbtl uch vlrkhk phrdbho l bcsbmcbdhctl. Fbchoglctl, lsh vlrkhk tlrgbch p`r d`csbklrhrsl thc `evbh qul sus hkvlrshrb`s hrghc qul1 ‟fulr`c loo`s qublcls oh klsduerblr`c, y sblgprl o` kbalr`c‗ . Nhy qul lctlcklr qul oh ghy`r phrtl kl oh bcf`rghdbôc qul rldbebg`s, c`s oolmh ghcbpuohkh p`r o`s qul lclc lo p`klr. Lo klsduerbgblct` hdlrdh kl oh ehdtlrbh Nlobd`ehdtlr pyo`rb, dhushctl kl ohs ñodlrhs pâpdhs, ls uc dohr` lalgpo` kl lsth prèddh nhebtuho. Lstl nldn` ful rbkbduobzhk` kurhctl 5< hø`s, nhdblck` sufrbr h sus klsduerbk`rls: qul choglctl lc lo hø` 599;, rldbeblr`c lo Yrlgb` C`elo. Lst`y d`cvlcdbk` d`cvlcdbk` kl qul uch kl ohs f`rghs kl vbvbr lc polcbtuk, ls slr lo h tu vlrkhk plrs`cho y c` tlclr gblk` h o` qul kbmhc o`s klgès. Y`klg`s vbvbr oh vbkh kl ghclrh d`csdblctl yh qul t`k`s lsthg`s hquç kl hoqubolr. Ho cho sôo` bgp`rth o` qul nlg`s nldn` gblctrhs nlg`s vbvbk`. ‟Lo gblk` ls gho d`cslalr` y eulc vlcklk`r‗ Lstl ober` eèsbdhglctl lcl 4 phrtls1 8. Bctr`kuddb Bctr`kuddbôc ôc y lxpobdhdbôc lxpobdhdbôc sbgpol sbgpol y fèdbo fèdbo phrh qul t`k` t`k` lo guck`, guck`, hucqul c` slh pr`flsb`cho kl oh shouk, o` lclckh. 5. [lsg`cb`s kl dhs`s y kl rlduplrhdbôc kl ohs lcflrglkhkl lcflrglkhkls, s, p`r `rklc kl oh H nhsth oh Q, d`c lo pr`t`d`o` qul ushr`c. 4. K`dugl K`duglcth cthdbôc dbôc dblcdh dblcdh y p`sbeol p`sbeol g`k` kl fucdbôc fucdbôc fhrghdâu fhrghdâudh dh klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` y `tr`s rlglkb`s. 54 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Ols bcf`rg` d`c uch s`crbsh, qul lstl ober` hoelrmh uch pr`v`dhdbôc… ols lst`y `frldblck` ohs k`s phsoohs kl ghtrbx1 oh r`ah ` oh hzuo… sb ustlk kldbkl t`ghr oh r`ah y ollr lstl ober`, c` nherè vuloth htrès, yh qul p`krè vlr uch rlhobkhk guy kbflrlctl h oh qul lstè hd`stugerhk`. Fbm. 51 ‟Xul lobmls0‗ Xublc nhyh lxplrbglcthk` lc su pr`pb` dulrp` ` lc ohs plrs`chs hghkhs qul lxbstl p`sbebobkhk kl rlduplrhdbôc, h trhvâs kl uc rlglkb` klsd`c`dbk`, yh c` sl klahrè d`cvlcdlr p`r chkbl kl o` d`ctrhrb`. C` nhy vlrkhk gès mrhckl qul ohs lxplrblcdbhs vbvbkhs p`r uc` gbsg`, h trhv trhvâs âs klo pr`pb` sufrbgblct` klo dulrp` y kl oh glctl. Lstl ober` bctlcth khr s`oudb`cls phrh lo eblc gès prldbhk` qul tlclg`s1 culstrh shouk. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul oh shouk sl nh d`cvlrk` lc uc mrhc clm`db`. Yhrh slr lxhdt`s, lxhdt`s, lc lo clm`db` gès mrhckl ahgès d`c`dbk` (auct` d`c lo kl o`s ehcd`s), pulst` qul t`k` lo guck`, hctls ` klspuâs, slrè uc „doblctl‒, y nhrè o` qul slh d`c tho kl rlduplrhrsl duhck` su shouk lstâ lc plobmr`. Oh bckustrbh fhrghdâudh nh g`c`p`obzhk` oh shouk lc o`s ñog`s 899 hø`s. Lstl clm`db` c` plrgbtl d`gpltlcdbh… y ls flr`z. Rh qul ho mhchr thcsbg` kbclr`, d`c obdlcdbhs, phtlctls y eldhs muelrchglcth muelrchglcthols, ols, duhoqublr s`oudbôc hotlrchv hotlrchvhh kl glkbdbch ls hphrthkh, rbkbduobzhkh, kbfhghkh y auzmhkh. Oh bckustrbh ls oh kuløh klo aulm` y c` nhy chkh qul o` dhgebl… p`r lo g`glct`. O`s qul gès o` sufrlc s`c o`s gâkbd`s, qul s`c oh phrtl lalduvh klo sbstlgh Loo`s lstèc prbglrh oh klqul lsthc`mulrrh kl trbcdnlrhs, k`ckl c`klslshouk. ols plrgbtl nhdlr lc chkh lc hes`out` sl lcdulctrl klctr` kl oh rlmohglcthdbôc kl oh oly fhrghdâudh, yh qul lc dhs` d`ctrhrb` slrçhc lxpuoshk`s klo sbstlgh gâkbd` sbc p`sbebobkhk kl trhehahr lc lo futur`. Lsth sbtuhdbôc drlh uc d`cbdt` bctlrc`, y lsl d`cbdt` bctlrc` pr`v`dh lcflrglkhk. Tlmñc ohs lsthkçsdhs, lo pr`glkb` kl vbkh kl uc gâkbd` ls kl <6 hø`s, sblck` hklgès oh pr`flsbôc d`c ghy`rls subdbkb`s flglcbc`s. O`s gâkbd`s vbvlc h kbhrb` lo d`cbdt` phdblctl-fèrghd`, sufrblck` lg`db`choglctl lsth lcdlrr`ch. C` ls kl lxtrhøhr, qul gudn`s sôo` pulkhc trhehahr trhs uc lsduk` kl frbhokhk, d`c tho kl c` bklcdhrsl lg`db`choglctl lg`db`choglctl d`c lo phdblctl, d`sh qul h oh ohrmh, ols hfldt hfldthrçh hrçh drlhck` uch klprlsbôc slvlrh. Yhrhkôabdhglctl, oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho sulol trhthr lsths klprlsb`cls d`c glkbdhglct`s phobhv`s, qul c` d urhc. durhc. 5; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Bctr`kuddbôc \c glkbdhglct` phobhv`, sl hs`dbh h oh glkbdhdbôc qul sl sugbcbstrh ho phdblctl kbhmc`sdhk` kl uch lcflrglkhk bcdurheol, d`c oh bctlcdbôc kl nhdlr gès olct` lo hvhcdl kl oh lcflrglkhk, y rlkudbr o`s k`o`rls y g`olshs qul mlclrh lc lo dulrp` klo phdblctl. Tbc lgehrm` sulol drlhr `trhs lcflrglkhkls, d`c sus lfldt`s slduckhrb`s h ohrm` pohz`. Lst`y `eslrvhck` qul dhkh vlz gès pr`flsb`chols gâkbd`s, gl prlmucthc s`erl o`s trhthgblct`s d`c kbôxbk` kl do`r` y d`c gudn` must` ols fhdbobt` t`kh oh bcf`rghdbôc kl oh qul kbsp`cm`, yh qul sblck` uc ‟durhcklr`‗ kl oh glkbdbch hotlrchvh, c` pulk` cb qublr` nhdlr, kl g`glct`, rld`glckhdb`cls kl trhthgblct`s, p`r rhz`cls olmhols. Gb g`vhdbôc ls bcvlsmhr y klsduerbr culvhs vçhs kl trhthgblct`. Ylrs`choglctl, `pbc` qul lo gâkbd` ` tlrhpluth ls oh plrs`ch hklduhkh qul klel trhthr ho phdblctl lc prbglr oumhr. Âstl ober` qublrl herbr uch vçh nhdbh culvhs bcvlsmhdb`cls y tlrhpbhs hotlrchvhs rlspldt` h lcflrglkhkls qul c` lclc durh nhsth oh fldnh. Yhrh t`k`s hquloo`s qul qublrhc hprlcklr ` bcvlsmhr s`erl glkbdbch hotlrchvh,, nl lsdrbt` lstl ober`, phrh qul pulkhc lcd`ctrhr p`sbeols s`oudb`cls hotlrchvh kl ‟shouk pr`nbebkh‗, qul ols sbrvhc d`g` muçh. Lc cbcmñc g`glct` lst`y rld`glckhck` slmubr uc trhthgblct`, sbgpolglctl lxp`cm` lxp`cm` oh rld`pbohdbôc kl hø`s kl trheha` auct` h o`s tlsg`cb`s kl plrs`chs qul gl nhc lsdrbt`, d`ctèck`gl hdlrdh kl sus lxplrblcdbhs d`c hut`trhthgblct`s hut`trht hgblct`s hotlrchv`s, fulrh kl oh glkbdbch d`gñc. Klsl` qul lstl ober` pulkh slr oh ehsl kl uch futurh bcvlsmhdbôc dblcdh ucbvlrsbthrbh olmho y rld`c`dbkh, y hsç kl lstl g`k`, oolmhr h t`k`s. [`kh oh bcf`rghdbôc qul d`gphrt` lc lstl ober`, lstè ehshkh lc k`duglct`s dblcd`s (hocho klo ober`), hpobdhck` oh oômbdh y d`c lvbklcdbhs lxplrbglcthkhs. lxplrbglcthkhs. °Y`r quâ homuchs plrs`chs sl lcflrghc y `trhs c`0 [`khs ohs lcflrglkhkls klelc tlclr hom` lc d`gñc. Lc gb `pbcbôc, oh lcflrglkhk ls uch fhoth kl lclrmçh. Duhck` ho dulrp` ol fhoth lclrmçh phrh su plrfldt` fucdb`chgblct`, lctrh lc klslquboberb` y lcflrgh. Y`r o` thct`, ls oh fhoth kl lclrmçh oh qul c`s nhdl lcflrghr. Kl hnç chdl oh dulsôc kl… °Dôg` drlhg`s oh lclrmçh lc culstr` dulrp`0 Yrbcdbphoglctl culstr` dulrp` `elcl su lclrmçh kl oh d`geusôc. C`s`tr`s, phrh p`klr `etlclr lclrmçh qulghg`s hzñdhrls, mrhshs y pr`tlçchs pr`vlcblctls kl culstrh hobglcthdbôc. Oh cutrbdbôc ls, p`r o` thct`, uc` kl o`s puct`s gès bgp`rthctls h tlclr lc dulcth duhck` qulrlg`s lsthr shc`s. 5< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Nbpôdrhtls, lo fuckhk`r kl oh glkbdbch `ddbklctho yh o` kba` lc su kçh1 ‟Xul lo hobglct` slh tu gla`r glkbdbch gl kbdbch y tu gla`r glkbdbch slh tu hobglct`‗ hobglct`‗.. Bcdous` n`y lc kçh, t`k`s o`s gâkbd`s lclc qul rlhobzhr lo aurhglct` nbp`drèd`. Tbc lgehrm`, c` nl vbst` prèddhglctl \cbvlrsbkhk kl glkbdbch homuch, cb dhcch kl n`spbtho, qul pr`p`rdb`cl hobglcthdbôc shch. Lc su ghy`rçh ls d`gbkh rèpbkh bckustrbhobzhkh, oolch kl d`cslrvhctls, nldnh d`c mrhshs bchklduhkhs y dhrlctls klo slck` kl oh cutrbdbôc. C`s`tr`s d`cslmubg`s lclrmçh h trhvâs kl oh d`geusôc, c` sôo` ls bgp`rthctl lo d`geuseol, yh qul nhy `tr` fhdt`r thct` ` gès bgp`rthctl1 lo `xçmlc`. [`kh d`geusôc cldlsbth `xçmlc`, yh qul sbc `xçmlc` chkh sl qulgh. Lstl sbgpol nldn` c` sl lcl lc dulcth sudblctlglctl lc oh ghy`rçh kl ohs bcvlsmhdb`cls eb`quçgbdhs. Ls oh d`geusôc, oh qul drlh lo dho`r y oh lclrmçh cldlshrb`s phrh qul culstr` dulrp` fucdb`cl, y ho gbsg` lgp` mlclrl loldtrbdbkhk, qul ls oh lclrmçh vbtho. Oh ñcbdh kbflrlcdbh lctrl uc dulrp` vbv` ` gulrt`, ls oh huslcdbh kl loldtrbdbkhk. T`g`s slrls lclrmâd`s loâdtrbd`s, d`c uc dulrp` qul `elcl su lclrmçh ôpgh h trhvâs kl oh d`geusôc eb`quçgbdh. Yhrh Yhrh lsth d`geusôc ls lslcdbho lo `xçmlc`, sbc âo c` nhy lclrmçh y sbc lclrmçh c` nhy shouk. Culstr` dulrp` lcl gudnhs fulctls kl lclrmçh, c` sôo` oh hobglcthdbôc, thgebâc oh ouz, qul sl trhcsf`rgh lc loldtrbdbkhk h trhvâs kl oh glohcbch, o`s eb`f`t`clss y pulkl qul thgebâc o`s clutrbc`s, d`g` oh eb`-rls`chcdbh tlrrlstrl eb`f`t`cl qul hes`rel lo dulrp` duhck` kulrgl. Lst`s s`c dhgp`s kl oh eb`sbdh qul lstèc t`khvçh p`r slr klshrr`oohk`s y lo kçh qul sl d`c`zdhc h dblcdbh dblrth, slrèc dhphdls kl høhkbr uc mrhc d`c`dbgblct` ho fucdb`chgblct` klo dulrp` nughc`. Oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho c` o` d`ctlgpoh hsç, p`rqul lxbstl uch tl`rçh klo ‟lstrâs `xbkhv`‗ qul qubzè gudn`s oldt`rls yh d`c`zdhc. Ls oh tl`rçh qul nheoh kl o`s rhkbdhols oberls, qul supulsthglctl khøhc ho dulrp`. Tôo` nhy uc pr`eolgh… O`soberls rhkbdhols oberls gès heuckhctls lc culstr` dulrp`,fulrh s`c klo o`s U@T, rhkbdhols klo `xçmlc`, ls kldbr, lo `xçmlc`. Tb lsth tl`rçh t`k` dblrth, duhoqublr plrs`ch qul rlhobzh klp`rtl klelrçh lsthr gès lcflrgh qul uch plrs`ch tugehkh lc lo s`fè, klkbdèck`sl ho zhppbcm. Gès hklohctl sl lxpobdhrè ho klthool oh vlrkhk s`erl lo lstrâs `xbkhv` y su dblcdbh. °Duèo ls lo pr`eolgh prbcdbpho kl oh dblcdbh0 Xul chkbl sl pohctlh chkh y qul chkbl sl htrlvl h duls`chr phrhkbmghs hcmu`s, yh qul ls gès fèdbo g`cthr uch culvh tl`rçh s`erl `trh tl`rçh lrrôclh, duhck` h vldls ls thc lvbklctl oh vlrkhk, h oh ouz kl oh sbgpol oômbdh. Culstr` sbstlgh kl shouk sl ehsh lc lo sbstlgh kl Bshhd Clwt`c. Tç… lo kl oh ghczhch qul sl dhyô klo ère`o… y oh dulsôc slrçh... °R dôg` suebô oh ghczhch0 56 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Bctr`kuddbôc Fbm. 41 Lo bcvlsmhk`r Kr. Tdnustlrlklr. Lstuvl d`c lo K`dt`r Tdnustlrlklr (Fbm. 4) lc uch gbsbôc lc Èfrbdh, Èfr bdh, y pulk` kldbr qul ls uch plrs`ch hes`outhglctl hes`outhglctl çctlmrh y klkbdhkh h su trheha`. Hooç gl d`ctô su nbst`rbh kl p`r quâ qubs` slr gâkbd`. Kl cbø`, sufrbô gudn` p`r uch lcflrglkhk mrhvl mrhvl y puk` vlr lc lo n`spbtho h `tr`s cbø`s sufrblck` thgebâc. D`c lo lgp` kldbkbô qul qulrçh slr gâkbd` y dhgebhr ohs d`shs. Y`stlrb`rglctl sl ful h Èfrbdh, oolvhck` n`spbthols h z`chs kbdbols y kl hot` rblsm`, d`g` lc oh Ulpñeobdh Dlctr`hfrbdhch. N`y vbvl lc Tubzh. Tu fhoth kl shouk duhck` lrh cbø`, ol oolvô h hyukhr h `tr`s h rlduplrhroh. Tb nhy uc dhgeb` lc lo sbstlgh lc uc futur`, slrè p`rqul lxbstlc plrs`chs vhoblctls y dhphdbthkhs d`g` âo, gâkbd`s qul vlrkhklrhglctl sôo` lclc oh bctlcdbôc kl durhr, sbc lsthr hthk`s h d`gpr`gbs`s ld`côgbd`s ` bckustrbhols. Lc sus ghc`s lstè rlduplrhr ` ghctlclr su pr`pbh shouk. Xulrlg`s d`gphrr culstr` d`c`dbgblct` d`g` uch muçh, uch `pdbôc qul pulkls t`ghr. t`ghr. L ° ‟a z‗…0 Dbthrâ uch lxplrblcdbh d`c âo1 ‟Lctlcklg`s ohs lcflrglkhkls bcflddb`shs kbdblck`1 hquç nhy uc gbdr`eb`, hquç lstè lo dulrp`, lxbstlc dblrt`s gbdr`eb`s qul o` nhdlc lcflrghr y `tr`s qul c`. Y`r o` thct`, sblgprl nhy uch dhush lxtlrch phrh oh lcflrglkhk lc oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, plr` dhkh vlz nhy gès bckbdb`s kl qul lo dulrp` c` fucdb`ch hsç y lst` ls hom` bgp`rthctl. C` p`klg`s sbgpolglctl qulkhrc`s d`c lstl g`klo` rlkuddb`cbsth, lc lo qul sl t`gh uch phrtl klo dulrp` y sl oh `eslrvh. Nhy qul vlro` d`g` uc t`k`. O` qul lc rlhobkhk nhy qul prlmucthrsl ls °p`r quâ homuchs plrs`chs plrs`c hs lcflrghc y `trhs c`0… 5= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Hucqul sl pulkh hbsohr uc p` kl gbdr`eb`, oh prlmucth slmubrè sblck` oh gbsgh °p`r quâ homuchs plrs`chs c` lcflrghc duhck` lctrhc lc d`cthdt` d`c lsth dohsl kl ehdtlrbhs0 Lc rlhobkhk duhck` sl trhth kl lstl p` kl bcvlsmhdb`cls, c` sôo` sl klel `eslrvhr h cbvlo sbd`, nhy qul pr`fuckbzhr h cbvlo lg`db`cho, y o` qul sl pr`kudl h cbvlo glctho y hsç sudlsbvhglctl, prlmuctèck`sl lo p`r quâ… N`clsthglctl, duhck` pblcs` lc lstl p` kl bcvlsmhdb`cls, vl` qul lo g`klo` d`cvlcdb`cho qul tlclg`s, lstè ehshk` lc oh vbsbôc gldhcbdbsth kl Clwt`c s`erl lo guck`, rltr`dlkblck` vhrb`s dblct`s kl hø`s, y lc rlhobkhk… c` ls lo hklduhk`. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` nh bk` gudn` gès hooè… nh tlcbk` uc bgphdt` gudn` gès pr`fuck` lc lo slr nughc` y lst` lcl qul vlr d`c oh loldtr`stèdh klo dulrp`. Lstl p` kl bcvlsmhdbôc guy p`d`s oh nhdlc kl ghclrh sbstlgèdh. O` qul bctlct` kldbr ls qul, lc rlhobkhk, cldlsbthg`s uc culv` g`klo`, phrh klsdrbebr lo p` kl bgphdt` kl lstl d`gpulst` quçgbd`. Yulk` bghmbchr qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` bcuyl lc oh loldtr`sb`o`mçh, lc o`s pr`dls`s loldtr`gldècbd`s klo dulrp`. Ls o` qul rlhoglctl nhdl lc lo dulrp` nughc` y drl` qul oh loldtr`stèdh y oh loldtr`sb`o`mçh, herlc uc dhgp` guy bctlrlshctl phrh lctlcklr gudnhs kl ohs hpobdhdb`cls qul vlg`s lc l c glkbdbch hotlrchvh‗. hotlrchvh‗. Oh `xbkhdbôc sl pr`kudl d`c oh hdtuhdbôc klo `xçmlc` y klo b`c do`r`. D`g` hctls nlg`s kbdn` qul lcflrglkhk ls fhoth kl lclrmçh, lc tl`rçh ls fèdbo `etlclr lclrmçh sbgpolglctl d`gblck` y nhdblck` klp`rtl, dohr` lstè. Lo pr`eolgh ls qul uch plrs`ch lcflrgh nhebtuhoglctl c` kbsp`cl kl lclrmçh phrh d`rrlr uch ghrhtôc, y thgp`d` kl sudblctl `xçmlc` phrh qul sl rlhobdlc t`k`s o`s`tr` pr`dls`s klogbdr`eb`s sbstlgh bcgucl lc los`c dulrp`. Y`r ohk`, o`s ` o`s vbrus dhphdls kl guopobdhrsl gudn` gès rèpbk` kl o` qul culstr` sbstlgh bcgucl pulkl lcmuoobro`s h trhvâs kl uc pr`dls` oohghk` fhm`dbt`sbs. Lc rlhobkhk lxbstl uch dhrrlrh d`ctrh rlo`a duhck` tlclg`s uch bcflddbôc, yh slh vçrbdh ` gbdr`ebhch. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` c` sôo` hp`rth `xçmlc`, thgebâc lo b`c kl do`r` ls uc `xbkhctl ldhz lc oh oudnh d`ctrh ohs ehdtlrbhs, vbrus, n`cm`s y phrèsbt`s. Oh `xbkhdbôc sl pr`kudl d`c oh hdtuhdbôc klo `xçmlc` ` lo b`c kl do`r`. Lsth d`gebchdbôc ñcbdh ls, hklgès, lxtrlghkhgl lxtrlghkhglctl ctl s`oueol lc hmuh, yh qul sl kbsulovl gudn` gès qul oh pr`pbh shcmrl, qul ls gès lsplsh. Lsth s`ouebobkhk pulkh hp`rthr o`s `xçmlc` h oumhrls klo dulrp` k`ckl c`rghoglctl c`nhdl oolmh,qul d`g` p`r lalgpo` dhrohm`s, o`s oçqubk`s hgcbôd`s, 5> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Bctr`kuddbôc ` ohs gud`shs. Bcdous` nlg`s vbst` lc gudn`s dhs`s kl rlduplrhdb`cls ` ‟rlgbsb`cls ‟rlgbsb` cls lsp`ctèclhs‗, qul ho phrldlr ful dhphz kl plcltrhr lc ohs z`chs gès pr`fuckhs klo dulrp` lobgbchck` o`s phtômlc`s y plrgblck` oh rlduplrhdbôc t`tho kl oh hrtrbs rlught`bkl, d`g` nh sbk` gb pr`pb` dhs`. Oh fhoth kl lclrmçh, d`g` dhushctl prbcdbpho kl t`kh lcflrglkhk, thgebâc pulkl tlclr su `rbmlc lc uc trhugh, yh slh sbd` ` psçqubd`. Lc hge`s dhs`s sbmcbdh uc klsmhstl lc`rgl kl lclrmçh qul lo dulrp` d ulrp` lcl qul d`gplcshr kl uch u `trh ghclrh. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul lstl trhugh, yh slh glctho ` sbd`, d`csugl gudnh lclrmçh y lsth gbsgh lclrmçh sl lcl qul rlsthr kl `tr` oumhr klo dulrp`, klahck` lsl oumhr gès hfldth hfldthk` k` ` kâebo. \c lalgpo` doèsbd` ls oh plrs`ch k`gbchkh p`r oh brh. \ch plrs`ch furb`sh fèdboglctl lcl hfldthk` lo nçmhk`, yh qul nhy uch rlohdbôc kbrldth lctrl ohs lg`db`cls y o`s kbsct`s ôrmhc`s klo dulrp`. Oh culvh glkbdbch mlrgècbdh ho bmuho qul oh eb`klsd`kbdhdbôc, trhthc kl ghclrh lxtlcsh lstl tlgh y s`c guy bctlrlshctls y ldhdls duhck` sl trhth kl rlduplrhr kl lcflrglkhkls drôcbdhs ` kbhmc`sdhkhs bcdurheols. Rh qul sôo` duhck` lobgbchg`s lo rlsbku` kl lst`s trhughs psçqubd`s, lo dulrp` sl pulkl rlduplrhr t`thoglctl, t`thoglctl, klahck` htrès thct` o`s eo`qul`s sbd`s d`g` psçqubd`s. Lstl trhugh, qul c`s nh r`ehk` thcth lclrmçh, klah uc ôrmhc` hfldthk` gès kâebo y lsth fhoth kl lclrmçh ls oh rlsp`csheol kl qul sl pulkhc ho`ahr phtômlc`s qul drlhc hdbklz lc lstl oumhr sbc pr`tlddbôc cb lquboberb`. Ho gbsg` lgp`, oh fhoth kl `xçmlc` fhv`rldl oh flrglcthdbôc, qul h su vlz drlh gès hdbklz, bcdrlglcthck` lo drldbgblct` kl phtômlc`s. O`s phtômlc`s h su vlz, d`csuglc gès lclrmçh klo dulrp` v`odhck` t`xbchs gltheôobdhs èdbkhs lc lo sbstlgh, lgpl`rhck` p`d` h p`d` t`kh oh sbtuhdbôc nhsth qul sl klshrr`ooh uc duhkr` kl lcflrglkhk drôcbdh ` mrhvl. Oh prlmucth qul nhy qul nhdlrsl hn`rh ls1 °dôg` p`klg`s bcdrlglcthr lsth lclrmçh qul c`s fhoth. Lc prbglr eusdhr oh vlrkhklrh dhush, yh qul oh glkbdbch sbct`gèdh c`oumhr, sbrvl nhy phrhqul chkh, lxdlpt` phrh drlhr kbclr` h ohs mrhckls guochdb`chols fhrghdâudhs. @evbhglctl, lsths lgprlshs c` lclc cbcmñc bctlrâs lc klshrr`oohr uch glkbdbch durhvh d`c tho kl c` plrklr doblctloh. C` nhy qul `ovbkhr qul uc phdblctl shc` klah kl slr uc d`gprhk`r kl glkbdhglct`s. Ls gès, nlg`s p`kbk` `eslrvhr oh rlrhkh kl gudnçsbg`s glkbdhglct`s fucdb`chols lc o`s ñog`s ;9 hø`s, sustubk`s p`r `tr`s glkbdhglct`s ‟gès g`klrc`s‗, qul lc vlz kl durhr, sôo` `duothc o`s sçct`ghs, ghctlcblck` ho phdblctl lcflrg`. Ohs pl`rls s`c ohs oohghkhs phsoohs ‟kl p`r vbkh‗, qul c` s`c gès qul uc lcmhø` h mrhc lsdhoh, k`ckl hklgès t`k`s o`s bcv`oudrhk`s lc lo clm`db` mhchc. D`g` lo phdblctl nhebtuhoglctl d`ch lc oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls nhebtuhoglctl oh vçdgh kl lstl frhukl olmho. 52 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Yhrh bcdrlglcthr oh lclrmçh, klelg`s lvbthr t`k` p` kl t`xbchs, yh slhc ohs doèsbdhs d`c`dbkhs d`g`1 fughr, lo hod`n`o ` ohs kr`mhs, (kh o` gbsg` qul slhc olmhols d`g` bolmhols, lc hge`s dhs`s sl trhth kl t`xbchs) y oh d`gbkh bckustrbho bchklduhkh, fherbdhkh d`c susthcdbhs c`dbvhs. Ho gbsg` lgp` p`klg`s bcdrlglcthr oh lclrmçh klo lcflrg` d`c lo hp`rtl kl dhrbø` y hg`r. Fbm. ;1 Gldnlr`s Eucslc. ‟°Xâ 0‗ Oh klcbdbôc kl hg`r lc târgbc`s eb`sbd`s ls phrh gb ‟rls`chcdbh‗, qul sl drlh lctrl plrs`chs, hcbghols y pohcths. Lsth gbsgh rls`chcdbh plrgbtl lo bcdrlglct` kl lclrmçh drlhck` uc vôrdl lclrmâd` lctrl hge`s, qul pr`kudl hrg`cçh y eblclsthr… H lst` ol oohghg`s ‟flobdbkhk‗. Duhck` lxplrbglcthg`s hg`r, lxplrbglcthg`s dôg` uyl oh lclrmçh lctrl hgehs phrtls kl ghclrh bccbth. Yhrh qul uyh oh lclrmçh sl cldlsbth uc glkb` d`ckudv`. Ohs shols y gbclrhols kl culstr` dulrp` s`c o`s rlsp`csheols kl oh d`ckudvbkhk loâdtrbdh y lo ua` kl o`s b`cls. Tb bcdrlglcthg`s oh d`ckudvbkhk lc culstr` dulrp`, plrgbg`s uc ghy`r ua` lclrmâd`. Kl ghclrh sbgpobdhkh sl pulkl kldbr, qul ohs shols y gbclrhols s`c o`s dheols bcvbsbeols kl culstr` dulrp` loâdtrbd`. Duhct` ghy`rls slhc o`s dheols, gla`r ubrè oh lclrmçh. Lo hmuh kl ghr ls uc` kl lst`s d`gp`clctls, dhphz kl bcdrlglcthr oh d`ckudvbkhk. Gès hklohctl nheo` kl lst` gès lxtlcshglctl. Oh prbcdbpho y gla`r ghclrh kl d`cslmubr gès lclrmçh lc uc dulrp` lcflrg`, ls huglcthck` oh d`geusôc d`geusôc,, y d`g` hctls yh o` nlg`s kbdn`, lsth d`geusôc cldlsbth `xçmlc`, lslcdbho kurhctl t`k`s o`s kçhs kl culstrh vbkh. Yhrh bcdrlglcthr bcdrlglcthr oh lclrmçh, sl cldlsbth bcdrlglcthr oh ldhdbh kl oh d`geusôc y p`r o` thct` klo `xçmlc` `xçmlc` yh qul sbc âo, c` nhy d`geusôc p`sbeol. 49 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Bctr`kuddbôc Y`klg`s `eslrvhr lc oh oohgh klo fulm` (Fbm. ;) qul, hucqul uobdlg`s oh gbsgh dhckhk kl mhs lc hge`s dhs`s, sôo` sb nhy sudblctl `xçmlc` prlslctl, prlslctl, oh oohgh klo qulghk`r ls hzuohkh y gudn` gès dhoblctl, qul oh oohgh hghrbooh sbc `xçmlc`. Y`klg`s rlsugbr qul culstr` dulrp` d`c tho kl mlclrhr lclrmçh uobzh oh `xbkhdbôc phrh tlclr uch d`geusôc ôpgh. Ho gbsg` lgp`, oh `xbkhdbôc hyukh h ghctlclr lo lquboberb` hodhobc`èdbk` cldlshrb` phrh su eulc fucdb`chgblct`. O`s moôeuo`s r`a`s ` nlghls kl oh shcmrl, trhcsp`rthc lstl `xçmlc` bgprlsdbckbeol. Lxbstl `trh suesthcdbh dhphz kl nhdlr o` gbsg`, ls lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, d o`r`, qul, vbst` kl ghclrh sbgpobdhkh, c` ls `trh d`sh qul sho y `xçmlc` d`c tlcsbôc loâdtrbdh. Lsth suesthcdbh, ho bmuho qul o`s moôeuo`s r`a`s, thgebâc ls dhphz kl hoghdlchr lo `xçmlc`, y, ho bmuho qul oh shcmrl, o` obelrh lc oh z`ch gès èdbkh, h trhvâs kl uch rlhddbôc, duhck` sl klsbctlmrh oh g`oâduoh kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` ‛kurhctl lo pr`dls` kl `xbkhdbôc‛ lc sho p`r uc ohk`, y lc `xçmlc` p`r `tr` ohk`. Lsth klsbctlmrhdbôc obelrh gudnçsbgh lclrmçh loldtr`quçgbdh, qul h su vlz lobgbch o`s phtômlc`s èdbk`s kl culstr` dulrp`, d`cvbrâck`o`s lc ‟dlcbzhs‗ hodhobchs. Y`stlrb`rglctl sl lxpobdh lstl pr`dls` kl ghclrh gès klthoohkh. Hdbklz Lo Yrlgb` C`elo @` ]hreurm yh kba` lc 8248 qul oh dhush kl ohs lcflrglkhkls sl pulkl sbgpobdhr lc uch lxdlsbvh hdbklz lc lo dulrp`. Ñoghglctl p`klg`s ollr gudn` s`erl oh hdbklz1 o` qul nhy qul d`glr y o` qul nhy qul klahr kl d`glr. Oh vlrkhk ls qul t`kh d`gbkh ls èdbkh, y lo èdbk` lst`ghdho ls gès èdbk` t`khvçh, klsd`gp`cblck` klsd`gp`cblck` t`k` y lobgbchck` ehdtlrbhs, vbrus y phrèsbt`s ho gbsg` lgp`. Oh d`gbkh hodhobch lc rlhobkhk c` ls hodhobch, plr` hyukh h hdbkbdhr glc`s lo dulrp` qul `trhs d`gbkhs. Lo dulrp`, ho slr uch gèqubch kl d`geusôc, rlspbrh `xçmlc`, lslcdbho phrh oh vbkh. Chkh gès chdlr lgplzhg`s h rlspbrhr oolchck` o`s puog`cls d`c lo `xbkhctl gès heuckhctl qul lxbstl1 lo `xçmlc`. D`csldulctlglctl, oolchg`s culstr`s moôeuo`s r`a`s kl `xçmlc` y lobgbchg`s lo kbôxbk` kl dhre`c` (D@5), hodhobcbzhck` hodhobcbzhc k` lo dulrp` d ulrp` lc lstl pr`dls`. Lc lo g`glct` lc qul oh shcmrl vlc`sh phsh p`r lo puogôc lcl uc pN kl hpr`xbghkhglctl =,4< y, uch vlz qul sl dhrmh kl `xçmlc` lo moôeuo` r`a` (nlghl), oh shcmrl hrtlrbho phsh h tlclr uc pN obmlrhglctl gès hot`, kl hpr`xbghkhglctl =,;<. Tbmcbdh qul hodhobcbzhg`s lo dulrp` h trhvâs kl oh rlspbrhdbôc, qul ls d`csthctl kurhctl ohs 5; n`rhs klo kçh, bcdous` kurgblck`. Lo hp`rtl kl sudblctl `xçmlc` ls o` gès lslcdbho, phrh p`klr ghctlclr lo lquboberb` lctrl oh hdbklz y oh hodhobcbkhk klo dulrp`. 48 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh \ch vlz qul o`s moôeuo`s r`a`s kl oh shcmrl sl dhrmhc kl `xçmlc` lc lo puogôc, o` oolvhc h trhvâs klo sbstlgh shcmuçcl` h t`khs ohs phrtls klo dulrp`. Lo dulrp` h su vlz uobzh lo `xçmlc` `xçmlc` lc ohs gbt`d`ckrbhs phrh drlhr rlhddbôc. Lsth rlhddbôc, qul ls uch d`geusôc, h su vlz d`cvblrtl gudnhs susthcdbhs èdbkhs tôxbdhs, lc ôxbk`s gès hodhobc`s, qul lo dulrp` oulm` pulkl lobgbchr ` bcdous` uobzhr d`c `tr`s cls. \c kht` durb`s` l bgp`rthctl ho gbsg` lgp` ls qul oh shcmrl obelrh lo `xçmlc` k`ckl nhy nh y gès hdbklz lc lo dulrp`, dul rp`, lst` thgebâc sl d`c`dl d`g` lo lfldt` E`nr. °Dôg` p`klg`s d`cvlrr uc obgôc qul ls èdbk` lc hom` t`thoglctl hodhobc`0 Tb p`clg`s uc obgôc s`erl lo fulm` ho prbcdbpb` sl vh h d`dbchr, lvhp`rhck` lo hmuh qul d`clcl klctr`. Tb slmubg`s d`c lo fulm`, lo obgôc yh sld` lgplzhrè h qulghrsl y h d`cvlrrsl lc dlcbzhs: lsths dlcbzhs, h su vlz, slrèc hodhobchs. Homuc`s oldt`rls sherèc qul lo aheôc hodhobc` doèsbd` hcmuhglctl sl fherbdheh kl dlcbzhs y hdlbtl. Ls oh `xbkhdbôc qul d`cvblrtl suesthcdbhs èdbkhs y tôxbdhs lc suesthcdbhs c` thc tôxbdhs y hodhobchs. Duhck` nhy uch bct`xbdhdbôc, o` prbglr` qul nhdl lo dulrp` d ulrp` ls bcdrlglcthr oh frldulcdbh l bctlcsbkhk klo e`gel` klo d`rhzôc, qul h su vlz bcdrlglcth oh d`geusôc y oh tlgplrhturh. Tb oh bct`xbdhdbôc plrkurh, lo dulrp` bctlcth drlhr gès dho`r, dho`r, o` qul sl d`c`dl d`g` lerl, phrh lobgbchr ohs t`xbchs p`r `xbkhdbôc. Lsths t`xbchs pulklc slr dhushkhs thct` p`r ehdtlrbhs, vbrus, n`cm`s, phrèsbt`s ` bcmlsôc kl hobglct`s. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul c` ls oh ehdtlrbh lc sç oh qul c`s nhdl khø`, sbc` sus ‟klfldhdb`cls‗ èdbkhs, qul bct`xbdhc culstr` sbstlgh. O` gbsg` phsh d`c o`s phrèsbt`s qul duhct` gès mrhckls s`c, pr`kudlc gès dhckhk kl hdbklz. Lc o`s ñog`s hø`s nh surmbk` uc lclgbm` culv`1 oh cutrbdbôc bckustrbho. Oh cutrbdbôc bckustrbho uobzh gudnçsbghs suesthcdbhs d`g` d`cslrvhctls y hc`xbkhctls hc`xbkh ctls hrdbhols, phrh qul oh d`gbkh sl pulkh ghctlclr lo gèxbg` kl lgp` lc ohs lsthctlrçhs kl o`s suplrglrdhk`s. Gblctrhs homuc`s s`c bc`du`s, `tr`s s`c hothglctl duls`cheols d`g` lo L-589 ho L-549. @trhs suesthcdbhs s`c hphrlctlglctl bc`duhs, d`g` lo èdbk` dçtrbd` L-449, qul c` lcl chkh qul vlr d`c lo obgôc, l bckustrbhoglctl sl fherbdh h phrr kl uc n`cm` d`c lo c`gerl kl Hsplrmboous cbmlr. Homuchs dlphs kl Hsplrmboous cbmlr pr`kudlc gbd`t`xbchs p`tlctls oohghkhs `drht`xbchs. Oh `drht`xbch H ls p`tlcdbhoglctl dhcdlrçmlch phrh o`s slrls nughc`s y lcl uch fulrtl hcbkhk p`r lo dlrler`, lspldbhoglctl lo 45 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Bctr`kuddbôc dlrlelo` Z8W. Lsth hcbkhk p`krçh slr rlolvhctl phrh lo klshrr`oo` kl oh lcflrglkhk kl Hoznlbglr Ho znlbglr.. Oh hdbkbdhdbôc drlh t`k` p` kl pr`eolghs, d`g` p`r lalgpo` o`s d`r`chrb`s qul pr`kudlc bchghdbôc kl ohs hrtlrbhs. Ohs phrlkls kl ohs hrtlrbhs p`r chturholzh s`c guy obshs. Tbc lgehrm`, sb lo dulrp` sl vulovl klghsbhk` èdbk`, lsth hdbklz dhush bchghdbôc. D`csldulctlglctl lo dulrp` lcl qul d`ctrhrrlsthr oh bchghdbôc kbouylck` su t`xbdbkhk d`c gès hmuh. Lstl hp`rtl kl hmuh hkbdb`cho drlh nbcdnhzôc y lstrldnhgblct` lstrldnhgblct` klo ua` shcmuçcl`. D`g` ho dlrler` c` ol oolmh sudblctl `xçmlc` phrh su eulc fucdb`chgblct`, fucdb`c hgblct`, lo d`rhzôc o` lcl qul d`gplcshr e`gelhck` gès fulrtl y gès rèpbk`. Lstl nldn` thgebâc ls d`c`dbk` d`g` nbplrtlcsbôc. Ho gbsg` lgp`, lo dulrp` qublrl d`gplcshr oh hdbklz hphmhck` lstl fulm` èdbk` d`c dhodb`. Thelg`s qul lo dhodb` ls uc hcthm`cbsth klo èdbk`, o` vlg`s duhck` obgpbhg`s culstrh dhfltlrh dhfltlrh oolch kl dho, d`c obgôc, ` d`c vbchmrl èdbk`. Lo dulrp` nhdl o` gbsg` plr` ho rlvâs, d`gplcshck` oh hdbklz d`c dhodb`. Tb c` kbsp`cl kl sudblctl dhodb`, lo dulrp` o` r`eh kl k`ckl slh, nhebtuhoglctl kl o`s nuls`s, drlhck` h ohrm` pohz` uch lcflrglkhk d`c`dbkh d`g` `stl`p`r`sbs. \ch vlz qul lo dulrp` nh d`gplcshk` oh hdbklz d`c dhodb`, qulkh d`g` rlsbku` lo `xhoht` kl dhodb`, thgebâc d`c`dbk` d`g` pblkrhs dhodèrlhs. Oh gès d`c`dbkh vlrsbôc ls oh kl ohs pblkrhs lc o`s rbø`cls ` lc oh vlsçduoh, sbc lgehrm` thgebâc phrldl slr rlsp`csheol kl o`s pr`eolghs hrtlrbhols lc ohs vèovuohs d`r`chrbhs, pr`eolghs kl oh gbdr`dbrduohdbôc, ohs vhrbdls y uc ohrm` ltdâtlrh. ltdâtlrh. Lxbstlc vhrbhs f`rghs kl lobgbchr lsths dhodbdhdb`cls1 8. Lo us` tlrhpâud` tlrhpâud` kl ôxbk` ôxbk` kl ghmclsb`: ghmclsb`: 5. Bcfusb`cls kl oh pohcth pohcth qul sl d`c`dl p`puohrglctl p`puohrglctl d`g` r`gplpblkrhs r`gplpblkrhs (Olpbkbug ohf`obug), ohf`obug), qul nh khk` guy eulc`s rlsuothk`s lc gudnhs `dhsb`cls. Tl pulklc nhdlr vhrbhs bcfusb`cls elebkhs kl ohs n`ahs ho kçh. Olpbkbug ohf`obug lobgbch o`s `xhoht`s, qul s`c o`s rlsçku`s kl dhodb` hctlrb`rglctl glcdb`chk`s. [hgebâc nhy lc m`ths. Tbmh ohs bcstruddb`cls klo phqultl1 hkuot`s kl 59 h 5< m`ths, cbø`s ghy`rls 8< m`ths y cbø`s plqulø`s = m`ths. ‟Lo dulrp` lcflrg` ls èdbk`‗ Y`klg`s ollr lc gudn`s sb`s, qul prèddhglctl t`khs ohs lcflrglkhkls lcflrglkhkls d`coolvhc uch dblrth hdbk`sbs gltheôobdh, qul c` sbmcbdh `trh d`sh qul lo dulrp` sl nh vulot` p`d` h p`d` gès èdbk`. Lsth hdbklz ls oh qul plrgbtl qul o`s phtômlc`s lctrlc y sl hp`klrlc klo sbstlgh qul lstè fulrh kl lquboberb`. Ylr` oh hdbklz c` ls o` gbsg` qul oh hdbk`sbs. Lc oh glkbdbch sl slphrhc dohrhglctl oh hdbklz y oh hdbk`sbs, yh qul ohs kbflrlc kbflrlcdbhs dbhs s`c lc`rgls. Gblctrhs 44 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh oh hdbklz ls gès eblc tlgp`rho, oh vlrkhklrh hdbk`sbs pulkl hglchzhr oh vbkh. Lo lquboberb` ls lslcdbho phrh qul oh shcmrl c` slh klghsbhk` èdbkh ` eèsbdh. Yhrh lstl lquboberb`, lo pN kl oh shcmrl klel lsthr lctrl =,4< y =,;< hpr`xbghkhglctl. Tb lo vho`r kl oh shcmrl lstè p`r heha` kl =,4< sl d`csbklrh uch hdbk`sbs. Tb lstè p`r lcdbgh kl =,;< tlckrlg`s uch hodho`sbs, qul thgebâc pulkl slr bmuho kl plobmr`sh. Yhrh qul nhyh uc lquboberb` lctrl hge`s, culstr` dulrp` lcl uc sbstlgh kl d`gplcshdbôc guy bctlrlshctl l bctlobmlctl, lo gldhcbsg` prbcdbpho ls oh rlspbrhdbôc. Lo nldn` kl qul lstlg`s lxnhohck` kl ghclrh d`csthctl kbôxbk` kl dhre`c`, c`s hodhobcbzh kl ghclrh d`ccuh y ls lo gldhcbsg` prbcdbpho, hklgès klo sbstlgh rlcho, qul d`gplcsh d`c oh `rbch. D`c`dlg`s k`s f`rghs kl hdbk`sbs1 8. rlspbrht`rbh 5. gltheôobdh Oh rlspbrht`rbh ls gudn` gès d`gñc y o`s sçct`ghs pbd`s s`c1 fhoth kl hbrl, bcdrlglct` kl oh prlsbôc shcmuçclh y phopbthdb`cls. Oh plrs`ch hfldthkh sblctl gudnh klebobkhk y d`cfusbôc, bcdous` pulkl oolmhr h klsghyhrsl klebk` ho lxdls` kl D@5 lc lo dulrp`. Gudnhs vldls sl pulkl `eslrvhr thgebâc qul o`s oheb`s sl p`clc hzuohk`s. Ls bgp`rthcsbg` qul lsths plrs`chs pulkhc `rbchr gudn` phrh d`gplcshr, yh qul sb c` pulklc d`gplcshr lo pN kl oh shcmrl, pulkl ehahr kl ghclrh bcdous` oltho. Lc oh hdbk`sbs gltheôobdh, sl pulkl `eslrvhr uch rlspbrhdbôc lxhmlrhkh y pr`fuckh, yh qul lo dulrp` bctlcth d`gplcshr oh hdbklz lxnhohck` lo kbôxbk` kl dhre`c`, lo D@5. Lxbstl uch f`rgh lspldbho qul ls oh dlt`hdbk`sbs kbheâdh, k`ckl lo hoblct` kl o`s phdblctls nulol fulrtlglctl h hdlt`ch. Ohs sbmublctls lcflrglkhkls sl pulklc rlohdb`chr kbrldthglctl d`c oh hdbk`sbs gltheôobdh1 • Dècdlr kl pècdrlhs • Kbheltls p` 8 • Kbheltls p` 5 • Mhcmob`s obcfèd`s bchghk`s • Nlg`dr`ght`sbs • • • • • Nbplrnbkr`sbs Yhcdrlhs hmukh Yhcdrlhs drôcbdh Y`obclur`phh Y` Lolvhk`s cçvlols kl d`olstlr`o \ch d`sh guy kbflrlctl ls uc dulrp` èdbk`, yh qul lo dulrp` vbst` kl ghclrh eb`quçgbdh ls obmlrhglctl hodhobc` duhck` lstè lc lquboberb`. Gblctrhs lo >9% hpr`xbghkhglctl kl culstr`s ôrmhc`s s`c obmlrhglctl hodhobc`s, culstr` lstôghm` c` o` ls, y oh d`gbkh qul ol hp`rthg`s ls èdbkh. Lo nldn` kl d`glr kl ghclrh bchklduhkh, pulkl dhushr gudnh gès hdbklz t`khvçh lc culstr` dulrp`. C` sl trhth kl bcmlrbr ` c` hobglct`s gès ` glc`s èdbk`s, sbc` 4; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Bctr`kuddbôc qul s`c o`s hzñdhrls y dhre`nbkrht`s, o`s qul c`s pr`v`dhc flrglcthdbôc, flrglcthdbôc, y qul h su vlz drlhc hdbklz lc lo tlabk` d`rp`rho, lsth hdbklz c` ls oh gbsgh hdbklz qul oh klo lstôghm`, qul c`s pr`tlml kl o`s phtômlc`s y ls lslcdbho phrh oh kbmlsôc. Lo d`cdlpt` kl cutrbdbôc hodhobch c` lcl chkh qul vlr d`c oh hdbk`sbs ` oh hodho`sbs hmukh kl oh shcmrl, yh qul sl trhth gès eblc kl uch hdbkbdhdbôc drôcbdh kl o`s oçqubk`s y tlabk`s klo dulrp` y c` thct` kl oh shcmrl C` nhy qul d`cfuckbr oh hdbklz klo lstôghm` d`c oh hdbklz gltheôobdh klo dulrp`. Duhck` nheohg`s kl uch kblth hodhobch, lc rlhobkhk c` o` ls, yh qul prèddhglctll t`k`s o`s hobglct`s s`c èdbk`s kl p`r sç. prèddhglct Oh kblth hodhobch, ls hqulooh qul c`s hdbkbdh glc`s lo dulrp` y p`r o` thct`, h lstl ol rlsuoth gès fèdbo rllstheoldlr lo lquboberb`. Lc rlhobkhk, ls oh rlspbrhdbôc qul kurh 5; n`rhs ho kçh, oh qul c`s hodhobcbzh dhkh vlz qul bcnhohg`s y lxpuoshg`s lo hbrl, yh qul lc lstl pr`dls` oh shcmrl lctrh lc culstr` puogôc d`c uc pN kl =,4< y shol d`c uc` kl =,;< p`r ohs hrtlrbhs, ` slh lc uc lsthk` gès hodhobc`. Ulspbrhg`s kl 8<.999 h 5<.999 o kl hbrl dhkh kçh y ls lo `xçmlc` lo qul c`s hodhobcbzh. Cutrbdbôc Oh cutrbdbôc bckustrbho hp`rth gudnhs t`xbchs quçgbdhs qul lo dulrp` c` shel dôg` kbmlrbr ` lobgbchr, y p`r o` thct` ol qulkhc k`s `pdb`cls1 8. oh lobgbchdbôc h trhvâs kl oh `xbkhdbôc `xbkhdbôc 5. lcdlrrèck`ohs lc dâouohs dâouohs kl mrhsh, uobzhck` uobzhck` lo d`olstlr`o. d`olstlr`o. Lo d`olstlr`o, lc rlhobkhk, c` ls uc lclgbm`, sbgpolglctl ls uc pohc E klo dulrp` lc su d`csthctl oudnh d`ctrh o`s tôxbd`s qul c` pulkl lobgbchr. Lstl nldn` sl pulkl d`crghr ho `eslrvhr qul ohs plrs`chs slklcthrbhs sulolc tlclr o`s vho`rls gès hot`s kl d`olstlr`o qul ohs plrs`chs qul prhddhc lalrdbdb`, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthc k` oh hp`rthdbôc kl `xçmlc` y oh d`csldulctl d`geusôc. Y`r loo` ls lslcdbho lc t`kh kblth kl hklomhzhgblct` hklomhzhgblct` prhddhr klp`rtl phrh lobgbchr ohs t`xbchs muhrkhkhs lc oh mrhsh d`rp`rho. \ch kblth sbgpol c` sulol fucdb`chr y dhush hcsblkhk lc ohs plrs`chs, klebk` h oh obelrhdbôc kl ohs t`xbchs lc lo rblm` shcmuçcl`. Tb c` sl d`geus`chc lsths t`xbchs, oh plrs`ch sl vh h lcd`ctrhr gho, d`c hcsblkhk, sbc p`klr slmubr oh kblth kl hklomhzhgblct`. Oh `elsbkhk lc rlhobkhk sôo` sl pulkl d`gehr h trhvâs kl oh d`geusôc qul bcdrlglcth oh lclrmçh y ho gbsg` lgp` lobgbch ohs t`xbchs hoghdlchkhs 4< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh lc ohs mrhshs. Oh `elsbkhk phrh gç ls uch lcflrglkhk, yh qul ohs plrs`chs qul oh phkldlc sufrlc kl bct`xbdhdbôc drôcbdh y fhoth kl lclrmçh. Lsth fhoth kl lclrmçh sl bctlcth d`rrlmbr h trhvâs kl oh bcmlsôc kl gès hzñdhrls, qul h su vlz hdbkbdhc gès lo dulrp`, uc dçrduo` vbdb`s`. Hobglcthdbôc1 Nhy thcths `pbcb`cls hdlrdh kl oh hobglcthdbôc, qul c`rghoglctl prllr` c` gltlrgl lc lstl dhgp` gbchk`. Ylr` vhg`s h nhdlr uch `eslrvhdbôc1 O`s dhvlrcçd`ohs lrhc fulrtls y gès klomhk`s qul oh ghy`rçh kl k l ohs plrs`chs kl culstrh dbvbobzhdbôc hdtuho. C` d`c`dçhc lo bcfhrt`, cb ohs dhrbls ` oh `elsbkhk gôrebkh, cb thgp`d` oh kbheltls, kbhe ltls, oh lsdolr`sbs gñopol, cb lo l o dècdlr. dècdlr. Xubzès o` gès oômbd` slrçh hobglcthrsl d`g` loo`s phrh v`ovlr h lsthr shc`s. Oh dulsôc ls… °dôg` p`klg`s v`ovlr h d`glr d`g` lct`cdls, d`c oh lc`rgl dhckhk kl hobglct`s bckustrbhols qul lxbstlc n`y lc bckustrbhols kçh0 Lc prbglr oumhr, nhy qul hestlclrsl kl pr`kudt`s y hobglcthrsl kl o` gès `rmècbd` p`sbeol. Lc slmuck` oumhr, oh glzdoh ôpgh slrçh uc ;9% kl nbkrht`ss kl dhre`c`, uc 49% kl pr`tlçchs y uc 49% kl mrhshs. nbkrht` D`c lsth kblth nhebtuhoglctl o`s lcflrg`s gla`rhc y o`s `els`s hklomhzhc. H homuc`s, lo 49% kl mrhshs y hdlbtls ols phrldl gudn`. R` drl` qul c` lxbstl uch kblth plrfldth phrh t`k` lo guck` yh qul nhy klghsbhkhs vhrbheols slmñc dhkh plrs`ch y d`c lo phs` klo lgp`, p`r o` thct`,, y` pblcs` qul nhy qul hkhpthr sblgprl oh kblth h dhkh bckbvbku` y slmñc thct` dhkh lthph ` g`glct`, d`gprlckblck` o` qul tu dulrp` cldlsbth, sbc br d`c ‟`rlalrhs‗ qul ls h o` qul c`s lclc pr`mrhghk`s. O` qul nhy qul eusdhr, ls lo lquboberb` uc dulrp` shc`. Lc o`skl lstukb`s s`erl trbeus bckçmlchs qul c` nheçhc tlcbk` d`cthdt` d`c oh dbvbobzhdbôc, t`k`s d`gçhc thct` dhrcl, d`g` fruths, fr uths, rhçdls, y vlrkurhs. ¡T`g`s `gcçv`r`s p`r chturhol chturholzh! zh! Gudnh mlctl qul d`c`zd` ls vlmlthrbhch ` bcdous` vlmhch, ls kldbr qul c` sl hobglcth kl cbcmñc pr`kudt` kl `rbmlc hcbgho. Lxbstlc trls `rçmlcls klo g`vbgblct` vlmlthrbhc`1 Lo prbglr` lcl uc c ,, qul rlhoglctl pulk` lctlcklr guy eblc, yh qul ohs vldls qul lstuvl lc ohs mrhcahs, k`ckl o`s hcbghols s`c lcdlrrhk`s 8. kl ghclrh ghsbvh lc p`d` lsphdb`, gl phrldblr`c dhgp`s kl d`cdlctrhdbôc, hom` guy trbstl y drulo. Lst` ls hom` qul d`gprlck` plrfldthglctl plrfldthglctl y p`r o` thct` 46 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Bctr`kuddbôc lst`y t`thoglctl h fhv`r kl o`s vlmlthrbhc`s, yh qul s`c mlctl qul klgulstrh d`cdblcdbh p`r lo sufrbgblct` halc`, yh slh nughc` ` hcbgho. Tbc lgehrm`, c` sbmcbdh qul eb`quçgbdhglctl slh o` gès hklduhk` phrh lo dulrp` nughc`, yh qul p`r lo nldn` kl c` qulrlr nhdlr sufrbr h o`s hcbghols, ho cho pulk` sufrbr y`, dhylck` lcflrg` p`r oh fhoth kl uch hobglcthdbôc lquboberhkh. [lclg`s lc culstr` guck` k`s p`s kl hcbghols1 o`s dhrcçv`r`s y o`s nlreçv`r`s. Gblctrhs o`s nlreçv`r`s sl cutrlc kl nblrehs y pohcths, o`s dhrcçv`r`s prbcdbphoglctl s`c dhzhk`rls. C`s`tr`s, o`s nughc`s, thgebâc s`g`s y nlg`s sbk` dhzhk`rls, tlclg`s uc lstôghm` d`c uc èdbk` fulrtl, pr`pb` kl o`s dhrcçv`r`s, ho bmuho qul tlclg`s uch klcthkurh `gcçv`rh, qul lstè kbsløhkh phrh d`glr kl t`k`. Lo nldn` kl p`klr d`glr dhrcl, ls o` qul c`s nh ghctlcbk` vbv`s lc culstrh lv`oudbôc, kurhctl gès kl uc gbooôc kl hø`s. Oh `trh rhzôc ls ld`oômbdh ld`oômbdh11 hquç sl bcdouylc o`s mrup`s qul `pbchc qul sb c` d`gbârhg`s dhrcl ` pr`kudt`s hcbghols, p`krçhg`s khr kl d`glr h gès plrs`chs lc lo guck` y chkbl tlckrçh qul sufrbr nhgerl. Lo hrmuglct` prbcdbpho ls qul tlckrçhg`s gès mrhc` phrh o`s nughc`s, qul kl `trh ghclrh sl o` lstèc d`gblck` ohs vhdhs. Hucqul lstâc khck` lc ohs mrhcahs ghçz ho mhchk` vhduc`, kuk` qul duhoqublr vhdh lctrhrh v`oucthrbhglctl h uc dhgp` kl ghçz phrh d`glrsl ohs ghz`rdhs, yh qul prllrlc oh nblreh frlsdh, d`sh qul c`s`tr`s c` s`g`s dhphdls kl d`glr. C` lsthg`s lc d`gpltlcdbh hobglcdbh d`c o`s nlreçv`r`s d`g` ohs vhdhs, ohs `vlahs, ohs dherhs ` o`s d`cla`s. 5. Oh ñogh rhzôc ls phrh rlduplrhr oh pr`pbh shouk. shouk. Gudnh mlctl sl nh vulot` vlmlthrbhch vlmlthrbhch ` vlmhch, p`r pr`eolghs kl shouk lc homñc g`glct` kl su vbkh. Yr`eheolglctl, ho d`glr kurhctl uc lgp` kl ghclrh vlmlthrbhch, vlmlthrbhch, nhc p`kbk` rlkudbr ` rlduplrhrsl kl sus k`olcdbhs ` lcflrglkhkls. Lc gudn`s kl o`s dhs`s ls oômbd`, d`c`dblck` o`s lfldt`s qul pr`v`dhc o`s pr`kudt`s kl `rbmlc hcbgho ` vlmltho lc lo dulrp` y lc lo glthe`obsg`. Tl trhth prbcdbphoglctl kl uch sbtuhdbôc tlgp`rho, yh qul oh d`gbkh vlmlthrbhch/vlmhch plrgbtl ho dulrp` rllstheoldlrsl kl uc klslquboberb`. Lo pr`eolgh, ls qul sb sl ghclcl lstl p` kl hobglcthdbôc h ohrm` pohz`, sl pulkl drlhr uc klslquboberb` nhdbh lo `tr` ohk`. Oh d`gbkh vlmlthrbhch, ghy`rbthrbhglctl sbrvl phrh oh obgpblzh kl culstr` dulrp` kl klpôsbt`s c` klslhk`s. Ohs erhs hyukhc h hrrhstrhr y obgpbhr lo sbstlgh kbmlsv`: sbc lgehrm`, h ohrm` pohz`, c` c`s cutrlc kl ghclrh sudblctl. Hucqul ho prbcdbpb` fucdb`chc guy eblc y oh ghy`rçh kl oh mlctl lcl eulchs lxplrblcdbhs y sbmul d`c lsth kblth, d`c o`s hø`s lctrhc lc kldblcdbhs cutrbvhs kl pr`tlçchs, E85, 4. dhodb`, zbcd, o`s èdbk`s mrhs`s kl dhklch ohrmh LYH y KNH, y vbthgbchs s`oueols lc mrhsh d`g` H & K. [hgebâc sl pulkl `eslrvhr oh fhoth kl nblrr` y drlhch. 4= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Ohs d`csldulcdbhs pulklc slr1 fhoth kl lclrmçh, fhoth kl oçebk`, pr`eolghs kl flrobkhk y `tr`s. Lo vlmhcbsg` h d`rt` pohz`, pulkl slr hklduhk` slmñc lo dhs`, plr` h ohrm` pohz`,, eb`oômbdhglctl, y` `pbc` qul c` lstè kl hdulrk` d`c oh lspldbl nughch. pohz` D`c`zd` vhrb`s dhs`s kl hgbm`s qul fulr`c dhphdls kl suplrhr o`s `estèduo`s kl su pr`pbh pr`mrhghdbôc glctho ho rlspldt`, hom` chkh fèdbo slmñc gb `pbcbôc y p`stlrb`rglctl, nhc p`kbk` `eslrvhr mrhckls dhgeb`s1 rlduplrhr` rlduplrhr`c c oh fulrzh y oh lclrmçh, sl lquboberhr`c sus n`rg`chs, sl bcdrlglctô su oçebk`, y pukblr`c rllstheoldlr rllstheol dlr lo lquboberb` lc su dulrp`, sbcâck`sl shc`s y fulrtls. Lo dulrp` cldlsbth p`r uc ohk` hobglct`s d`g` ohs erhs, qul obgpblc y p`r `tr` ohk`, d`gp`clctls qul fhv`rlzdhc su drldbgblct` chturho, uch cutrbdbôc lquboberhkh y hklduhkh lc târgbc`s eb`oômbd`s, hd`rkls d`c su lspldbl. Hn`rh, lstl lquboberb` lc dhkh plrs`ch ls kbflrlctl, yh qul uc`s dulrp`s cldlsbthc gès pr`tlçchs lc f`rgh kl dhrcl, plsdhk` ` nulv`, qul `tr`s. Dhkh plrs`ch lcl qul hvlrbmuhr hvlrbmuhr p`r sç gbsgh duèo ls su pr`pb` lquboberb` y cutrbrsl slmñc uc drbtlrb` pr`pb` y c` slmñc homuch obsth pueobdhkh lc oh ñogh rlvbsth kl kblths. Yrbcdbphoglctl, nhy qul d`cslmubr k`s d`shs lslcdbhols1 Lc prbglr oumhr oh hobglcthdbôc lcl qul hyukhr h `pgbzhr lo glthe`obsg` y p`r o` thct` oh klsbct`xbdhdbôc, y lc slmuck` oumhr, lcl qul bcdrlglcthr oh dbrduohdbôc kl oh shcmrl phrh su plrfldth `xbmlchdbôc y oh d`rrldth hsbgbohdbôc kl o`s cutrblctls. Tb o`mrhg`s klsbct`xbdhr lo dulrp`, nhebtuhoglctl klshphrldlc o`s lfldt`s d`c`dbk`s d`g` oh fhmh drôcbdh ` oh klprlsbôc, hklgès kl f`rtholdlrsl lo sbstlgh bcgucl, y d`g` rlsuothk` thgebâc pulkl qul gudnhs plrs`chs qul sufrhc kl hrtrbs, hrtr`sbs, ldzlgh, ps`rbhsbs… gla`rlc. Gudnhs vldls sl pulkl `eslrvhr thgebâc oh klshphrbdbôc kl holrmbhs. Ls bgp`rthctl ghctlclr oh dbrduohdbôc shcmuçclh lc ghrdnh, `xbmlcèck`oh phrh qul ohs moèckuohs sldrltlc gès n`rg`chs, qul h su vlz c`s pr`p`rdb`clc gès flobdbkhk, hslmurhck` uc lquboberb` plrfldt` y shouk. [hgebâc p`klg`s `eslrvhr qul oh d`gbkh pbdhctl, d`g` oh pbgblcth kl dhylch, hyukh ho dulrp` bcdrlglcthck` lo rblm` shcmuçcl` y lvbthck` oh hmouchdbôc shcmuçclh y ohs pohqulths. Ho gbsg` lgp`, c`s hslmurhg`s kl qul o`s cutrblctls oolmulc hk`ckl sl cldlsbthc, lvbthck` pr`eolghs kl hthquls dhrkçhd`s y rlkudblck` oh pr`ehebobkhk kl hddbklctls dlrler`vhsduohrls kl ghclrh d`csbklrheol. Oh pbgblcth kl dhylch y `trhs lspldbls, hklgès c`s pulklc nhdlr sukhr gès, y hyukhr h lxpuoshr t`xbchs h trhvâs kl oh pblo. 4> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Bctr`kuddbôc Oh bgp`rthcdbh kl uc lstôghm` èdbk`1 [`k` o` qul d`glg`s hdheh lc culstr` lstôghm`, qul sb lstè shc`, lcl uc pN lctrl 8,> h 5,< hpr`xbghkhglctl. Ls kldbr, ls lxtrlghkhglctl èdbk`, kl nldn` ls sudblctlglctl èdbk` d`g` phrh klsd`gp`clr duhoqublr dhrcl u `trh d`gbkh. Ho gbsg` lgp`, c` sôo` klsbctlmrh oh d`gbkh lc sus lolglct`s eèsbd`s, sbc` qul thgebâc ls dhphz kl ghthr h o`s phtômlc`s qul lstèc lc lsth d`gbkh, phrh qul c` c`s bcfldtlc. V`y h khr uc lalgpo` sbgpol, yh qul gudn`s kl o`s oldt`rls lclc plrr`s. °Y`r quâ o`s plrr`s s`c dhphdls kl d`glr dhrr`øh ` dhrcl p`krbkh0 ¡Oh vlrkhk ls qul c` sôo` oh d`glc… lc rlhobkhk ols lcdhcth! Tb c`s`tr`s bctlctèrhg`s d`glr o` gbsg`, d`c t`kh pr`ehebobkhk lcflrghrçhg`s kl ghclrh mrhvl, lct`cdls oh dulsôc ls… °p`r quâ loo`s pulklc d`glro` y c` lcflrghc0 Oh rlspulsth ls sbgpol, o`s plrr`s kbsp`clc kl uc èdbk` lst`ghdho nhsth 89 vldls gès d`cdlctrhk` qul lo culstr`, y sb tlclg`s lc dulcth qul lo èdbk` klo lstôghm` lc su ghy`rçh sl d`gp`cl kl èdbk` do`rnçkrbd`, thgebâc oohghk` èdbk` gurbèd` ` shofugèc, lctlcklg`s qul lsth quçgbdh èdbkh fulrtl pulkl d`c t`k`. Ylr` sl pohctlh uc slrb` pr`eolgh duhck` oh mlctl lcl rlua` mhstr`bctlscho g`olst`, yh qul nhebtuhoglctl sl ols rldlthc pr`kudt`s qul hodhobcbzhc lo lstôghm`. Lo nldn` kl t`ghr ebdhre`cht` klspuâs kl oh d`gbkh hodhobcbzh o`s aum`s mèstrbd`s kl tho ghclrh qul klahc kl slr dhphdls kl ghthr h o`s phtômlc`s. Duhck` hodhobcbzhg`s lo lstôghm`, herbg`s ohs pulrths kl [r`yh. Lo nldn` kl hodhobcbzhr lo lstôghm`, lc rlhobkhk ls o` ñog` qul uc` klel nhdlr, yh qul herl ohs pulrths phrh qul o`s phrèsbt`s c`s bcvhkhc. °D`g` ls p`sbeol0 O`s èdbk`s lst`ghdhols lclc c`rghoglctl uc pN lctrl hpr`xbghkhglctl hpr`xbghkhglctl 8,> y 5,<. Lsth hdbklz sbrvl phrh ghthr t`k`s o`s phtômlc`s qul bcmlrbg`s d`c culstrh d`gbkh, thct` d`g` oh ghy`rçh kl ohs ehdtlrbhs, n`cm`s, vbrus ` nulv`s kl phrèsbt`s qul sl lcdulctrlc lcdbgh kl ohs vlrkurhs, lo plsdhk` ` oh dhrcl. Tb hn`rh bcdrlglcthg`s lo pN klo lstôghm` d`c uc hcèdbk`, hom` guy d`gñc lc o`s phdblctls d`c rlua` mèstrbd` p`r lstrâs, y lsthg`s d`gblck` p`r lalgpo` uch lcshohkh qul nh sbk` r`dbhkh d`c he`c` kl `rbmlc fldho, d`cthgbchkh d`c nulv`s kl hsdhrbs, qul ls uc phrèsbt` d`gñc, lst`s nulv`s s`erlvbvlc klebk` h qul lo pN klo lstôghm`, ls klghsbhk` hot` y o`s èdbk`s c` lclc oh fulrzh phrh klstrubro`. Tb hn`rh ldo`sb`chc ohs ohrvhs y lctrhc lc lo rblm` shcmuçcl`, c`rghoglctl sl lcd`ctrhrçhc d`c o`s l`sbcôo`s, qul s`c o`s 42 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh moôeuo`s eohcd`s lcdhrmhk`s lcdhrmhk`s kl lobgbchr ohs ohrvhs kl o`s phrèsbt`s. Tb hklgès oh plrs`ch lstè lc uch sbtuhdbôc kl lstrâs qul obelrh oh n`rg`ch d`rs`o, dhushrçh qul o`s l`sbcôo`s gulrhc y ohs ohrvhs s`erlvbvhc. s`erlvbvhc. Lc lo dhs` klo hsdhrbs qul ls uc mushc`, thgebâc oohghk` clgèt`k`, âstl vbhah klskl lo nçmhk`, ho pècdrlhs y ho d`rhzôc, nhsth oolmhr ho puogôc, k`ckl drldl nhsth tlclr hpr`xb hpr`xbghkhglctl ghkhglctl uc`s 56 chcôgltr`s. Kl hnç, vbhah p`r oh mo`s y p`r oh ghøhch pulkl pr`v`dhr fulrtl t`sbk`. Oh plrs`ch bcfldthkh ho trhmhr oh shobvh, thgebâc sl trhmh ohs ohrvhs qul lct`cdls vbhahc ho bctlsc` k`ckl drldlc h su thghø` c`rgho kl 59 nhsth ;9 dg. Lc Gâxbd` sl lsgh qul hpr`xbghkhglctl lo 44% kl oh p`eohdbôc, lstè phrhsbthk` phrhsbthk` kl hsdhrbs, hucqul oh ghy`rçh kl ohs plrs`chs c` o` shelc, cb o` sblctlc. Lo k`dt`r Ybczôc, uc hgbm` y rld`c`dbk` dbruahc` plkbètrbd`, gl d`ctô hdlrdh kl gudnhs dbrumçhs, s`erl t`k` oh kl uc cbø` kl < hø`s, kl duy` bctlsc` shdhr`c gès kl =99 mushc`s kl hsdhrbs. Glkbdhglct`s Tlmñc oh oly, t`kh suesthcdbh qul hotlrh ho tlrh lo glthe`obsg` ls uc glkbdhglct`… glkbd hglct`… Thelg`s qul uc sbgpol dhfâ p`r oh ghøhch hdvh lo sbstlgh kbmlsv` phrh br ho ehø` p`stlrb`rglctl. Y`r o` thct` lo dhfâ klelrçh slr d`csbklrhk` uc glkbdhglct` y su d`csug` klelrçh slr d`csbklrhk` p`r oh oly. oly. Klskl oulm` qul o` ls phrh homuc`s, s`erl t`k` klspuâs kl c`dnls ohrmhs kl trheha`s bctlrgbcheols: plr` lc lxdls`, sl d`cvblrtl lc uc lclgbm`, yh qul lcl d`g` lfldt` oh slmrlmhdbôc kl d`rs`o, qul ls oh n`rg`ch klo lstrâs. Oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho uobzh ghy`rbthrbhglctl tôxbd`s phrh durhr, lsth ls oh rhzôc p`r oh qul su sçge`o` ls uch slrpblctl lcr`sdhkh lc lo ehstôc. C` lst`y lc d`ctrh, t`k` o` d`ctrhrb`, oh glkbdbch sbc kukh nh shovhk` gboo`cls kl vbkhs mrhdbhs h sus klsduerbgblct`s y ho lgpol` kl suesthcdbhs c`rghoglctl vlclc`shs, p`rqul hprlckbô qul oh dhckhk nhdl lo tôxbd` y o`s fhrghdâud`s hprlckblr`c h uobzhr ohs dhckhkls hklduhkhs, phrh hsç durhr h gudnçsbgh mlctl. Hquç p`klg`s c`gerhr homuchs suesthcdbhs ushkhs, d`g` p`r lalgpo`1 • Glrdurb`, Glrdurb `, uc p`tlctl clur`tôxbd` thgebâc oohghk` glr`sho, qul lstè lc gudnçsbg`s pr`kudt`s fhrghdâud`s d`g` oh glrdr`gbch, lo glrdb`ohtl y ohs vhduchs. • G`rch, prbgh nlrghch nlrghch kl oh oh kr`mh kr`mh bolmho, bolmho, oh nlr`çch, nlr`çch, d`c`dbkh d`c`dbkh p`r su fulrtl hddbôc d`g` houdbcômlc`. • F`rghokl F`rghoklnçk`, nçk`, uch suesthcdbh lc`rglglctl tôxbdh qul dhush dècdlr, dècdlr, holrmbhs y dlmulrh, y oh dhckhk kl 49 go p`r gltr` dñebd`, pulkl dhushr gulrtl p`r fhoo` puog`chr. Tl uobzh lc oh ghy`rçh kl ohs vhduchs phrh o`s cbø`s y ghy`rls, d`g` d`cslrvhctl. ;9 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Bctr`kuddbôc • Gudnh mlctl mlctl s`erl t`k` d`c pr`eolghs d`r`chrb`s, d`r`chrb`s, lstè lstè uobzhck` uobzhck` o`s fhg`s`s kbouylctls kbouylctls kl shcmrl, o`s hcd`hmuohctls. Lc rlhobkhk c` kbouylc chkh, sbgpolglctl rlkudlc oh dhphdbkhk kl d`hmuohdbôc, lvbthck` qul sl f`rglc tr`ge`s ` d`èmuo`s klctr` klo sbstlgh dhrkb`vhsduohr. Lo gès d`c`dbk` ls oh ]hrfhrbch-Dughkbch ]hrfhrbch-Dughkbch (Tbctr`g), oh gbsgh suesthcdbh thgebâc sl uobzh d`g` ghthrrhths, yh qul dhush klrrhgls. • Lc gbs d`cflrlcdbhs, d`cflrlcdbhs, gudnhs vldls vldls prlmuct` prlmuct` h oh mlctl mlctl sb homublc homublc sl trhthrçh d`c kbchgbth, y ohs mlctl sulol rlçrsl rlsp`ckblck`1 ‟p`r supulst` qul c`‗… lvbklctlglctl. Tbc lgehrm` sç sl uobzh lc oh glkbdbch oh cbtr`mobdlrbch d`g` sprhy sueobcmuho, phrh mlctl d`c pr`eolghs kl d`rhzôc. • Gltn`trlxhtl ls uc glkbdhgl glkbdhglct` ct` qul sl uobzh thct` lc o`s trhthgblct`s d`ctrh lo dècdlr d`g` lc o`s kl hrtrbs, d`c lfldt`s slduckhrb`s guy fulrtls, klebk` h su hoth t`xbdbkhk, qul dhush cuglr`shs gulrtls. • @tr`s glkbdhglct`s glkbdhglct`s d`c`dbk`s s`c o`s eltheo`qulhctls, eltheo`qulhctls, duy` lfldt` lfldt` slduckhrb` ls oh bgp`tlcdbh slxuho lc lo n`gerl, y oh bgp`sbebobkhk kl ghctlclr oh lrlddbôc y rlkudbr oh oçebk`. • O` gbsg` `durrl d`c ohs lsthchs, lsthchs, uc` uc` kl o`s glkbdhglct`s glkbdhglct`s gès rldlthk`s phrh rlkudbr lo d`olstlr`o d`olstlr`o.. • Fou`xlch, qul lstè prlslctl lc o`s trhcqubobzhctls gès ushk`s. • Oulm` tlclg`s tlclg`s ohs hcflthgbchs, hcflthgbchs, qul s`c hothglct hothglctll hkbdvhs. hkbdvhs. • [hgebâc glkbdhglct`s hphrlctlglctl bc`du`s d`g` o`s kburâd`s, pulklc dhushr khø`s mrhvls ho klsnbkrhthr lo dulrp` y d`cdlctrhr t`xbdbkhk. Tb uc dulrp` lstè bct`xbdhk` p`r duhoqublr rhzôc (y nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul thct` uch bcflddbôc p`r ehdtlrbhs ls uch bct`xbdhdbôc, bct`xbdhdbôc, d`g` oh ghy`rçh kl ohs klgès dhushs kl lcflrglkhkls) culstr` sbstlgh bcgucl, duhck` c` pulkl lobgbchro`s kl ghclrh bcglkbhth, lcl uc pohc E1 bctlcth hduguohr hmuh phrh rlkudbr oh d`cdlctrhdbôc kl o`s tôxbd`s qul lstèc lc culstr` dulrp`. Kl lsth ghclrh, o`s tôxbd`s s`c glc`s hmrlsbv`s h ohs dâouohs y ho tlabk`. Tb hn`rh t`ghg`s uc kburâd`, rlkudbg`s lsth hmuh hduguohkh l bcdrlglcthg`s oh d`cdlctrhdbôc kl o`s tôxbd`s. • Oh d`rs`ch ls uc` kl o`s glkbdhglct`s qul gès vbkhs nh shovhk` s`erl t`k` lc sbtuhdb`cls mrhvls, sbc lgehrm` nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth, qul oh d`rs`ch uobzhkh h ohrm` pohz`, lobgbch o`s l`sbcôo`s, qul s`c o`s moôeuo`s eohcd`s klo dulrp`, lcdhrmhk`s kl lobgbchr ohrvhs kl phrèsbt`s lc oh shcmrl. • Oh d`rs`ch lcl su `rbmlc lc uch uch n`rg`ch chturho chturho nughch qul ls lo d`rs`o. Culstr` dulrp` bcvlctô lsth n`rg`ch, duhck` nhdl gudn`s gbols kl hø`s lo k`olcdbh. Lc looh g`glct` qul lsdudnheh lo dhvlrcçd`oh rumbk` kl ucsufrçh olôc,homuch lo dulrp` slmrlmheh n`rg`ch ;8 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh d`rs`o, plrgbâck`ol d`rrlr ` d`gehr sbc qul lo k`o`r o` g`olsthrh. Lsth n`rg`ch sl pr`kudl lc ohs moèckuohs suprhrrlchols duhck` nhy lstrâs, y lsl gbsg` lstrâs c`s ehah ohs klflcshs chturhols chturhols hctl phrèsbt`s lc su lsthk` ohrvho lc oh shcmrl. Tb d`gebchg`s oh d`rs`ch hn`rh d`c d`rs`o, plrgbâck`ol d`rrlr ` d`gehr sbc qul lo k`o`r o` g`olsthrh. Lsth n`rg`ch sl pr`kudl lc ohs moèckuohs suprhrrlchols duhck` nhy lstrâs, y lsl gbsg` lstrâs c`s ehah ohs klflcshs chturhols chturhols hctl phrèsbt`s lc su lsthk` ohrvho lc oh shcmrl. Tb d`gebchg`s oh d`rs`ch hn`rh d`c uc hcèdbk` lst`ghdho, herbg`s ohs pulrths kl [r`yh phrh qul lctrlc t`k`s o`s phrèsbt`s h culstr` dulrp`, sbc lcd`ctrhr rlsbstlcdbh rlsbstlcdbh homuch. H ohrm` pohz` lstl ls lo bcbdb` kl gudnhs lcflrglkhkls drôcbdhs. Lc o`s ñog`s dblc hø`s sl nh pr`g`db`chk` uch lkudhdbôc nhdbh lo glkbdhglct` bckustrbho. Lc duhct` ohs plrs`chs sblctlc lo gçcbg` sçct`gh kl gholsthr, hduklc ho gâkbd` phrh qul ols rldltl uc glkbdhglct`. ¡Ho phrldlr, chkbl sl nh khk` dulcth kl qul ho dulrp` lcflrg` ol fhoth lclrmçh! Yrèddhglctl oh ghy`rçh kl o`s glkbdhglct`s d`cvlcdb`chols kl prlsdrbpdbôc, sl ehshc lc oh rlhddbôc klo dulrp` ` klo phtômlc` ho tôxbd`. tôxbd`. ¡Cbcmuc` glkbdhglct` bcdrlglcth oh lclrmçh lc lo dulrp`! Oh lcflrglkhk lc rlhobkhk ls fhoth kl lclrmçh, y phrh bcdrlglcthr oh lclrmçh, sl lcl qul bcdrlglcthr oh dhobkhk y ldhdbh kl oh d`geusôc. Lo bcdrlglct` kl oh d`geusôc c` klplckl sôo` klo d`geuseol, sbc` klo sudblctl `xçmlc` eb`kbsp`cbeol. H gb gl musth d`gphrhro` d`c o`s g`t`rls, qul ls uc` kl gbs n`eebls. Yhrh bcdrlglcthr oh p`tlcdbh kl uc g`t`r sbc bcdrlglcthr su d`csug`, sl ol g`cth uc ture` d`gprls`r, qul c` ls `trh d`sh qul uc vlcohk`r p`tlctl, qul lgpuah gès hbrl d`c `xçmlc` ho g`t`r. Kl lsth ghclrh, sl kupobdh oh p`tlcdbh. Nhsth hn`rh, c` sl d`ctlgpoh oh p`sbebobkhk kl bcdrlglcthr oh dhckhk kl `xçmlc` kbsp`cbeol d`g` s`oudbôc tlrhpâudh lc oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, d`c homuch lxdlpdbôc, d`g` lo `z`c`. Ho phrldlr, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` bcdrlglcth oh dhckhk kl `xçmlc` kbsp`cbeol lc shcmrl klspuâs kl rlhddb`chr, d`sh qul nlg`s p`kbk` d`gpr`ehr dblcdhglctl lc uchs prulehs kl mhs`gltrçh vlc`sh. Lstl bcdrlglct` kl `xçmlc` slrçh uc` kl o`s rlsp`csheols kl ohs rèpbkhs rlduplrhdb`cls rlduplrhdb `cls lc thcths plrs`chs, d`c thc kbflrlctls lcflrglkhkls, rlp`rthkhs rlp`rth khs p`r gbols kl tlsg`cb`s. ;5 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Bctr`kuddbôc ¡Herbr oh glctl… \ch kl ohs thcths d`shs qul gl vblclc h oh glctl, ls qul t`k` o` qul c`s phsh, ls lc rlhobkhk uch plrdlpdbôc. • Y`klg`s d`csbklrhr lo s`o s`o herhshk`r herhshk`r ` cutrbrc`s cutrbrc`s kl su dhobklz. dhobklz. • Y`klg`s d`csbklrhr oh oouvbh g`olsth ` fhctèsdh phrh ohs pohcths. Kurhctl lo lgp` qul lsthg`s hquç lc lstl guck`, prbcdbphoglctl plrdbebg`s h cbvlo lg`db`cho o` qul c`s r`klh y ehsèck`c`s lc oh bctlrprlthdbôc kl lsths plrdlpdb`cls, t`ghg`s culstrhs kldbsb`cls. Lshs kldbsb`cls h su vlz, sblgprl trhlc d`csldulcdbhs h vldls p`sbvhs, hucqul h vldls thgebâc clfhsths. Ylr` dubkhk` d`c lsth d`csbklrhdbôc, p`rqul ho kldbr clfhst`, lsthg`s auzmhck` auzmhck ` culvhglct culvhglctll o` qul c`s c`s `durrl, y lst` lst` c` ls ls gès qul `trh plrdlpdbôc... Oh vbkh ls uc dhgbchr, k`ckl h dhkh phs` qul khg`s, c`s lsplrh uc mrhc hprlckbzhal phrh slmubr hvhczhck`. °Dôg` qublrl vbvbr su vbkh0 Tblgprl lcl oh `pdbôc kl lolmbr1 lolmbr dhgebhr, pr`ehr hotlrchvhs h o` qul hd`stugerh nhdlr, tlclr culv`s plcshgblct`s y hddb`cls, lc klcbvh… lv`oudb`chr. Hvlcturâg`c`s ho dhgeb` phrh lo hquç y lo hn`rh, y phrh lo futur` kl o`s qul qulkhc p`r vlcbr. Herhg`s oh glctl h uch culvh f`rgh kl shchr culstr` dulrp`. \stlk kldbkl, y` o` bcvbt` h slmubr olylck`… Lc prbglr oumhr gl musthrçh qul lo oldt`r fulrh dhphz kl herbr su glctl, p`r o` thct` ol v`y h khr uc lalgpo` lc `tr` dhgp`. C`s`tr`s c`rghoglctl c` s`g`s d`csdblctls kl duèct` nlg`s sbk` pr`mrhghk`s klskl plqulø`s, klskl oh lkudhdbôc, ghcbpuohk`s p`r o`s glkb`s kl d`gucbdhdbôc qul lstèc d`ctr`ohk`s p`r uc`s p`d`s, y thgebâc lsthg`s d`ctr`ohk`s klskl oh prlsbôc s`dbho klo ‟quâ vhc h plcshr kl gb‗. Klspuâs kl uc plqulø` lalgpo` kl uch lxplrblcdbh qul tuvl, o` lctlcklr lctlcklrè. è. Fuç bcvbthk` h uch ucbvlrsbkh ucbvlrsbkhk k phrh nheohr lc uc plqulø` d`gbtâ d`c sbd`s, bcdous` d`c uc Yrlgb` C`elo guy hgheol y lkudhk`, s`erl lo klsduerbgblct` klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Klspuâs kl gb dnhroh, d nhroh, uch kl ohs k`dt`rhs kl sbdh sl gl hdlrdô d`glctèck`gl qul trhehaheh phrh oh CHTH lc lo tlgh kl lx`eb`o`mçh. Ol rlsp`ckç qul oh lx`eb`o`mçh ‛ls kldbr, oh bcvlsmhdbôc eb`oômbdh s`erl `ealt`s qul c` s`c kl oh lrrh‛ ls uc tlgh qul gl bctlrlsh y gl musth gudn`. Uèpbkhglctl looh gl bckbdô qul c` lcl qul vlr chkh d`c n`gerldbt`s vlrkls cb d`c `vcbs y qul looh sôo` sl klkbdh h hchobzhr gltl`rbt`s lc lo klsblrt`. Ol prlmuctâ sb looh drlçh lc lo flcôglc` kl o`s `ealt`s v`ohk`rls c` bklcdhk`s y gl d`ctlstô d`c `a`s mrhckls1 ‟Y`r supulst` qul c`, yh c`s ;4 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh nueblrhc bcvhkbk`‗. Tbc bctlcdbôc kl drbdhr h oh p`erl dblcdh, p`klg`s vlr dohrhglctl uch pr`mrhghdbôc s`dbho lc su rlspulsth. Vhg`s h gbrhro` kl dlrdh1 Fbm. <1 @ealdt`s v`ohk`rls c` bklcdhk`s1 Ulhobkhk ` ddbôc0 °Duècth mlctl lc lo guck` nh rlp`rthk` lc o`s ñog`s =9 hø`s, nhelr vbst` uc pohoo` v`ohctl0 Oh rlspulsth ls dblct`s kl gbols kl plrs`chs. Klctr` kl lsths plrs`chs nhy pbo`t`s kl hvbhdbôc d`glrdbho, d`ctr`ohk`rls hârl`s, plrs`cho gbobthr kl hot` rhcm`, p`obdçhs, c`thrb`s, m`elrchk`rls y uc sbcc kl plrs`chs drlçeols. Lo 84 kl ghrz` kl 822=, gbols kl plrs`chs pukblr`c vlr lc Yn`lcbx Hrbz`ch y lc T`c`rh Gâxbd`, uchs oudls qul shoçhc kl uc @VCB lc`rgl, klo thghø` kl uc p`rthvb`cls, kl f`rghdbôc trbhcmuohr, qul sl g`vçh olcthglctl sbc pr`kudbr cbcmñc s`cbk` s`erl lo hârlh, lc kbrlddbôc Gâxbd`. Lo m`elrchk`r, ho c` tlclr uch rlspulsth, kldbkbô rbkbduobzhr lo hsuct`, d`sh qul lcfhkô h gudnçsbg`s tlsm`s qul d`csdblctlglctl nheçhc kldohrhk` qul c` lxbsh chkh lc culstr` guck`, cb lc thghø` cb lc tldc`o`mçh, slglahctl h o` qul nheçhc vbst`. Vhrb`s hø`s gès thrkl, lo gbsg` m`elrchk`r hkgbô nhelr vbst` hquloo` thgebâc, y qul o` qul fulrh, c` p`kçh tlclr su `rbmlc lc culstr` guck` hdtuho. D`g` lstl, nhy gudnçsbg`s dhs`s, y uc` kl gbs n`eebls ful kurhctl hø`s, d`olddb`chr kht`s kl hvbsthgblct`s. hvbsthgblct`s. Nhy qul kldbr qul oh mrhc ghy`rçh s`c fhos`s ` lrrôcl`s, plr` lo sbgpol nldn` kl qul sôo` uc` kl t`k`s lst`s dblct`s kl gbols kl hvbsthgblct`s hvbsthgblct`s fulrh dblrt`, sbmcbdhrçh qul c`s nhc glck` o`s ñog`s 69 hø`s kl ghclrh klobelrhkh. Ls d`gprlcsbeol, yh qul ohs d`csldulcdbhs slrçhc guy krèsdhs lc t`k`s o`s ègebt`s1 lc oh dblcdbh, lc ohs rlobmb`cls y o`s m`eblrc`s… yh qul dhgebhrçh culstrhs drllcdbhs, ghctlcbkhs nhsth oh fldnh. Durb`shglctl, nl p`kbk` vlr fhosbdhdb`cls kl oh gbsgh CHTH, hkaukbdèck`sl lo pr`yldt` kl uc hvbôc gbobthr slglahctl h uc pohoo` v`ohctl. Hucqul f`t`sy dbrduohck` dbrduo p`rd`gpr`ehr bctlrclt klholstl ‟poho o`ohs ‟pohoo` klof`t`s hbrl‗,`rbmbchols, hbrl‗, s`c t`k`s g`cthalslxbstlc kbmbthols, o` nl hck` p`kbk` lcd`ctrhr ;; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Bctr`kuddbôc tho d`g` o` lxp`cm` lc gb wle (www. hckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g). Xulkh oh prlmucth1 °p`r quâ oh CHTH cldlsbth fhosbdhr klobelrhkhglctl klobelrhkhglctl lst`s `ealt`s, kldohrhck` qul sl trhth kl sbgpols hvb`cls gbobthrls d`c f`rghs kl pohoo`s v`ohctls0 °Xuâ tlglc0 °Xuâ shelc0 °Xuâ prltlcklc0 Fbm. 61 Oh tlcul oçclh lctrl oh rlhobkhk y oh ddbôc. Xubzès suslh vlrkhklr p`rqul h c`lxbstlc qublrlc rld`c`dlr vlrkhklrh lxbstlcdbh. dbh. C`s bctlcthc kbsuhkbr kl oh vlrkhk, drlhck` d`pbhs fhoshs, d`c lo dohr` c kl klsbcf`rghrc`s, yh qul lo ghy`r plobmr` lxtrhtlrrlstrl slrçh tlclr qul rld`c`dlr 69 hø`s kl glcrhs. Tôo` uch vlz sl nh rld`c`dbk` oh lxbstlcdbh kl vbkh lxtrhtlrrlstrl kl ghclrh `dbho y kurhctl uc`s p`d`s kçhs1 duhck` nue` lc auob` kl 82;= lo bcdbklctl U`swloo lc Culv` Gâxbd`… plr`, lsth d`cvlcdlr ls `trh nbst`rbh. C` prltlck` h chkbl, sbgpolglctl herbr oh glctl y lgplzhr h bcvlsmhr h trhvâs kl t`khs ohs fulctls kl Bctlrclt, phrh d`cstrubrc`s ho cho culstrh pr`pbh `pbcbôc, lsqubvhck` gbols kl fhosbdhdb`cls. Hn!… y p`r dblrt`, sb ustlk oolmh h oh d`cdousbôc kl qul sç lxbstlc hoblcçmlchs qul c`s qublrlc nhdlr lo gho l bcvhkbrc`s… bcvhkb rc`s… °Y`r quâ lsplrhrçhc lsplrhrçhc h qul tuvbârhg`s hrghs htôgbdhs y klflcshs gbobthrls kl klstruddbôc ghsbvh0 Fbm. =1 D`ctrhstl lctrl vlrkhklr` vlrkhklr` y fhos`. ;< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Tb rlhoglctl qubsblrhc bcvhkbrc`s, yh o` nueblrhc nldn` nhdl dblct`s ` qubzès gbols kl hø`s. Gb `pbcbôc ls qul uch rhzh ghoâdh hdheh hut`klstruyâck`sl h sç gbsgh d`c lo lgp`… d`sh qul p`klg`s `eslrvhr hn`rh gbsg`, lc culstrh pr`pbh nughcbkhk. Nhy gbols kl hrghdb`cls lc oh dblcdbh qul lc rlhobkhk phrldlc gès drllcdbhs d rllcdbhs rlobmb`shs qul nldn`s dblcd`s, ho d`cstrubrsl s`erl nbpôtlsbs qul sbgpolglctl c` duhkrhc. D`g` yh nl kbdn` hctlrb`rglctl1 Drllr 7 c` shelr Tb oh dblcdbh rlhoglctl sbmcbdh ‟shebkurçh‗, c` klelrçh hdlpthr tl`rçhs qul c` lstèc d`gpr`ehkhs, y qul p`r o` thct` s`c drllcdbhs. Lo plobmr` ls qul sb nhy uch nbpôtlsbs ` tl`rçh fuckhglctho lrrôclh, t`khs ohs klgès sl g`cthc lcdbgh kl looh, drlhck` hc`ghoçhs. Hquç homuc`s lalgpo`s1 • °Kl kôckl vbc` vbc` oh lclrmçh lclrmçh klo Ebm Ehcm, sb oh lclrmçh c` sl pulkl pulkl drlhr kl oh chkh0 • °Lo s`o rlhoglctl ls uch lxpo`sbôc, d`g` c`s qublrlc nhdlr drllr0 °Lct`cdls, p`r quâ lcl lc sus dhphs lxtlrb`rls uch tlgplrhtu tlgplrhturh rh kl gboo`cls kl mrhk`s dlcmrhk`s, gblctrhs lc su suplrdbl sôo` lcl hpr`xbghkhglctl >999¹0 Tb lo s`o rlhoglctl ls uch mrhc lxpo`sbôc, ohs ghcdnhs s`ohrls qul s`c gès `sdurhs klebk` h uch tlgplrhturh glc`r, klelrçhc slr gès erboohctls, yh qul su slglahctl lc oh lrrh ls lo ‟`a` klo nurhdèc‗ nurhdèc‗.. Lsth bklh kl oh lxpo`sbôc s`ohr ls hdlpthkh h cbvlo dblcd`, sbc lgehrm`, sb gbrhg`s o`s klthools phrldl qubzès thc hesurkh d`g` oh lrrh pohch. Y`r sbgpol oômbdh phrldl gès eblc uch bgpo`sbôc qul htrhl ho nbkrômlc` oberl klo lsphdb`, kl ghclrh d`csthctl. Lo nbkrômlc`, lo èt`g` gès heuckhctl klo lsphdb`, qul hklgès c` sl pulkl vlr, ls htrhçk` p`r oh mrhvlkhk klo vôrdl s`ohr, k`ckl, lc su cñdol` nhy uc hmualr` clmr` y lo `xçmlc` sl fusb`ch lc ohs dhphs lxtlrb`rls klo s`o oberhck` o`s f`t`cls kl oh ouz. Lst` thgebâc lxpobdhrçh p`rquâ sl f`rghc o`s pohclths ` o`s s`ols drldlc d rldlc nhsth d`cvlrrsl d`cvlrrsl lc uch suplrc`vh. Yhrh herbr oh glctl p`klg`s nhdlrc`s prlmucths, prlmucths, qul oh dblcdbh kl n`y c` shel d`ctlsthr1 ;6 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Bctr`kuddbôc • °Xuâ ls d`cdblcdbh eb`oômbdh0 • °Y`r quâ o`s nughc`s lclc thc thc p`d`s mlcls, mlcls, lc d`gphrhdbôc d`c ohs pohcths0 • °Xuâ d`ctr`oh oh rlmlclr rlmlclrhdbôc hdbôc kl ôrmhc`s0 • °Dôg` sl muhrkh oh glg`rbh0 • °Y`r quâ k`rgbg`s0 • °Xuâ ls mrhvlkhk0 • °Y`r quâ nhy ghmclsg`0 • °Xuâ fulrzh lxphckl lo ucbvlrs`0 • °Xuâ ls oh lstrudturh kl hmuh0 • °Dôg` lcdulctrhc lcdulctrhc pr`tlçchs sus phrlahs phrlahs lc lo dulrp`0 dulrp`0 • °Xuâ ghclcl ghclcl lo trèd` bctrhdlouoh bctrhdlouohrr fucdb`chck` fucdb`chck` sbc pr`eolghs0 • °Dôg` sl d`pbh oh gbt`d`ckrbh lc oh oh gbt`sbs0 gbt`sbs0 • °Dôg` shel lo ôrmhc` duhck` phrhr kl drldlr0 drldlr0 • °Y`r quâ s`øhg`s0 Rh sl o` kbal ho prbcdbpb`1 ‟chkh ls o` qul phrldl‗. * * * ;= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh ;> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g D 8 Lstl ober` lstè plcshk` d`g` muçh ño phrh t`khs hquloohs plrs`chs qul kldbkhc uobzhr lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` y `trhs susthcdbhs t`khvçh t`khvçh c` rlmbstrhkhs, phrh qul c` d`glthc lrr`rls ` bgpruklcdbhs, bckbdhck` s`erl t`k` ohs prldhudb`cls, hkvlrtlcdbhs l bcvlsmhdb`cls, y thgebâc o`s rlsuothk`s `etlcbk`s lc plrs`chs v`oucthrbhs qul kldbkblr`c t`ghro` d`g` trhthgblct`. Oh shouk ls uc klrldn` fuckhglctho y dhkh uc` klel p`klr lolmbr p`r sç gbsg` d`g` prlslrvhroh. Herlvbhturhs DK 7 Do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@5) + hdbk` do`rnçkrbd` (NDo) d`g` hdvhk`r ho ;%. DKB 7 Kbs`oudbôc kl kbôxbk` kl do`r`, Do@ 5 lc s`oudbôc shobch (ChDo ho 9,2%). DKT 7 Kbs`oudbôc kl kbôxbk` kl do`r`, Do@ 5 lc hmuh (mhs kbsulot` lc hmuh). DKN 7 Do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@5) + èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` (NDo) d`g` hdvhk`r ho Do- 7 Bôc Do`rur`. Do5 7 Mhs Kbdo`r`, mhs do`r`. Do 7 Do`r`, lolglct` kl ‟theoh plrbôkbdh‗. Do@5 7 Kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Do@5- 7 B`c do`rbt`. Do@4- 7 B`c do`rht`. ;% hdvhk` d`c lgp`. ;2 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Do@;- 7 B`c plrdo`rht`. Do@- 7 B`c nbp`do`rbt`. KGT@ 7 Kbglosuofôxbk`. GGT 7 ChDo@5 7 Do`rbt` kl s`kb` + hdvhk`r (èdbk` dçtrbd`) GGT5 7 (klc`gbchdbôc kl Abg Nugeol). Nbp`do`rbt` dèodbd` 7 Dh(Do@)5. ChDo 7 Do`rur` sôkbd` (sho d`gñc). ChDo@ 7 Nbp`do`rbt` kl s`kb` (olaçh). ChDo@5 7 Do`rbt` kl s`kb`. ChDo@4 7 Do`rht` kl s`kb`. ChDo@; 7 Ylrdo`rht` Ylrdo`rh t` kl s`kb`. YYG 7 Yhrtls p`r gbooôc, la. 4999 ppg 7 9,4%. Olmhobkhk Y`r o` thct` sl prlslcth uc kbolgh lc duhct` h oh olmhobkhk1 °Ulhoglctl pulkl slr olmho klahr g`rbr h plrs`chs p`r lo sbgpol nldn` kl qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc k`sbs hklduhkhs l bc`duhs c` lstâ l stâ hpr`ehk` d`g` pr`- kudt` gâkbd` p`r uch bcstudbôc0 °Xubâc ls lo rlsp`csheol kl lsths gulrtls, y quâ sl pblrkl d`c lo sbgpol nldn` kl bctlcthro`, duhck` oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho yh o` nh khk` t`k` p`r plr kbk`0 Nhy gudnhs plrs`chs qul sbgpolglctl c` kbsp`clc kl lgp`. Nhsth qul oh susthcdbh sl olmhobdl h trhvâ trhvâss kl trègbtls gboo`chrb`s, qul pulklc kurhr dbcd` hø`s ` gès, y pulkhc slr hpobdhkhs. R`, plrs`choglctl, tlcm` guy dohr`1 C` pulkl nhelr cbcmuch oly muelrchglctho p`r lcdbgh kl oh oly nughch, qul trhtl kl prlslrvhr oh vbkh kl ghclrh kbmch. <9 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 Hsç qul v`y h klflcklr lo klrldn` kl lxplrbglcthr d`c uc` gbsg`, s`erl t`k` phrh hquloohs plrs`chs qul c` lclc `trh `pdbôc, ho lsthr phkldblck` uch lcflrglkhk tlrgbcho ` guy mrhvl. Duhoqublr oly qul pr`nçeh lo us` v`oucthrb` kl uch susthcdbh d`c cls durhv`s sl bcvhobkh h sç gbsgh yh qul ls drbgbcho hthdhr lo klrldn` fuckhglctho h oh vbkh. Cbcmñc m`eblrc` pulkl lsthr p`r lcdbgh klo klrldn` h oh vbkh y h oh hut`kltlrgbchdbôc. Lo us` klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` (DK) eha` oh klc`gbchdbôc GGT, qul fulr`c ohs sbmohs bcvlcthkhs p`r Abg Nugeol, nh sbk` pr`nbebk` lc gudn`s phçsls, p`r c` d`cthr d`c uch hut`rbzhdbôc d`g` glkbdhglct` kl oh shouk pñeobdh. Lst` c` sbmcbdh qul oh susthcdbh do`rbt` sôkbd` y èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` d`g` hdvhk`r, hdvhk`r, lstâc pr`nbebk`s. Tl nh ushk` y sl sbmulc ushck` lc gudnçsbg`s pr`dls`s bckustrbhols, d`g` p`r lalgpo` lc oh klsbcflddbôc y p`thebobzhdbôc klo hmuh, k`ckl sl uobzhc klskl nhdl gès kl >9 hø`s sbc bcdbklcdbhs clmhvhs, cb rlsbstlcdbhs hkqubrbkhs p`r phrtl kl ohs ehdtlrbhs, vbrus u n`cm`s. Lo DK (kbôxbk` kl do`r`) ls gès dhr` qul lo nbp`do`rbt` sôkbd` (olaçh ` plr` Tl bccbthglctl târgbc`s klohvhckbch) dhobkhk, yhphrh qulklsbcflddbôc, c` dhush dècdlr. uobzh phrhgla`r fruthslc y vlrkurhs y lstè hut`rbzhk` p`r oh FKH. [hgebâc phrh klsbcfldthr oh dhrcl kl p`oo`, dlrk` y vhduc`, phrh mhgehs kl hdubduoturh, dlrvlzhs dlrvlzhs y elebkhs. Yhrh lo d`ctr`o kl n`cm`s, phrh lobgbchr oh tlgbkh olmb`cloh lc ohs t`rrls kl rlfrbmlrhdbôc kl o`s n`spbthols, phrh oh klsbcflddbôc kl bcstruglct`s qubrñrmbd`s lc frç`, phrh klsbcfldthr oh shcmrl kl k`chctls y gudnçsbghs gès hpobdhdb`cls. Gl ghckhr`c lo `tr` kçh uch dhrth qul lcvbhr`c ho Gbcbstlrb` kl Thcbkhk1 GLCTHAL1 N`oh, s`y uc bcvlsmhk`r klo pr`kudt` GGT ` kbôxbk` kl do`r` qul nheâbs pr`nbebk` lc Lsphøh, gl musthrçh shelr dôg` d`cthdthr d`c oh plrs`ch qul nh t`ghk` lsth kldbsbôc, yh qul c` vl` rlsuothk`s ghobdb`s`s phrh lo `rmhcbsg`. Nheo` kl lstl hrduo`1 np1//www.hlgps.m`e.ls/bcf`rgh/c`thsBcf`rghvhs/ glkbdhglct`s\s`Nu-ghc`/glkBolmhols/5989/CBPG\NP BolmholsP9<-5989.ntg <8 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Gl musthrçh shelr lc qul lstukb`s doçcbd`s ` dblcd`s `s nheâbs ehshk` phrh pr`nbebro`, yh qul slmñc gb d`c`dbgblct` y lo kl gudn`s bcvlsmhk`rls, nlg`s oolmhk` h oh d`cdousbôc kl qul sl bcbdbô lc `tr`s phçsls p`r uc d`cbdt` kl bctlrlsls, hom` guy klobdhk`. \c shouk`, Bvèc. OH ULTY\LT[H KLO GBCBT[LUB@1 Lsghk` Tr. G`rlc`, Oh rlrhkh klo glrdhk` h oh qul nhdl rlflrlcdbh, sl pr`kua` d`g` d`csldulcdbh kl trhthrsl kl uc glkbdhglct` bolmho, yh qul duhoqublr glkbdhglct` rlqublrl, hctls kl su d`glrdbhobzhdbôc, oh hut`rbzhdbôc kl oh Hmlcdbh Lsphø`oh kl Glkbdhglct`s y Yr`kudt`s Thcbthrb`s. C` nhy, p`r thct`, cbcmñc bcf`rgl kl lvhouhdbôc, yh qul lo pr`kudt` c` ful cb sbqublrh prlslcthk` phrh su hut`rbzhdbôc. hut`rbzhdbôc. Thouk`s d`rkbhols. D@CDO\TBÔC1 D`g` p`kâbs vlr, lo m`eblrc` cb sl nh g`olsthk` lc d`gpr`ehr d`gpr` ehr sb lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lcl uc lfldt` eulc` ` gho` phrh lo dulrp`, kbrldthglctl o` nhc thdnhk` kl bolmho y… hkbôs… Guy trbstl. R c` sâ v`s`tr`s, plr` y` c` sl nhdlr lstukb`s doçcbd`s y duhck` nl bk` h hsls`rhrgl lc o`s n`spbthols, gl nhc pulst` gudnhs trhehs. Lo Lsthk` klel lcdhrmhrsl klo eblclsthr klo dbukhkhc`, y p`r o` thct`,, klelrçh slr `eobmhdbôc klo Gbcbstlrb` kl Thcbkhk, bcvlsmhr y thct` rlmuohr lstl pr`kudt`. Ylr` c`, loo`s c` gulvlc uc klk`. Lo klsduerbgblct` kl Abg1 °Xul ls GGT, thgebâc oohghk` DK0 GGT ls oh klc`gbchdbôc qul kb` Abg Nugeol h oh glzdoh kl do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@5) hdvhk` d`c èdbk` dçtrbd`, lc su g`glct`. g`glct`. N`y yh c` uobzhg`s lo èdbk` dçtrbd` ho <9%, sl uobzh lo èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` (NDo) ho ;%. Yhrh lvbthr d`cfusb`cls, o` vhg`s h oohghr DK (Dno`rbcl Kb`xbkl), qul sbmcbdh kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Lo DK ls gudn` gès suhvl y ldhz qul lo hcmu` GGT hdvhk` d`c èdbk` dçtrbd` ho <9%, y hplchs dhush lfldt`s slduckhrb`s, d`sh qul gès hklohctl lxpobdhrâ lc lstl ober`. Hucqul phrldl glcrh, glcrh, t`khvçh t`khvçh lxbstlc lxbstlc nbst`rbhs qul phrldlc phrldlc vlcbr kl uch c`vloh, k`ckl uc` sl prlmucth sb s`c rlhols. Oh nbst`rbh qul qubzès gès gl nh <5 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 bgphdthk` lc o`s ñog`s hø`s, ls oh kl Abg Nugeol, uc bcmlcblr` qul trhehaheh lc oh pr`splddbôc kl `r` y qul p`r dhsuhobkhk phrldl nhelr lcd`ctrhk` uch durh phrh uch kl ohs pl`rls lcflrglkhkls bcflddb`shs klo guck`1 oh ghohrbh. Lsthck` kl pr`splddbôc kl `r` lc oh aucmoh kl Muhyhch y hpr`xbghkhglctl h ;99 gboohs kl duhoqublr n`spbtho n`spbtho y lc polch slovh, su lqubp` lqubp` lcflrgô kl ghohrbh. Ho c` nhelr sbk` hkvlrk` s`erl lsth p`sbebobkhk, lo lqubp` c` oolvheh cbcmñc glkbdhglct` qul o`s pukblrh hobvbhr. Oh ñcbdh d`sh qul tlcçh Abg Nugeol, lrh uc klsbcfldthctl klsbcfldt hctl kl hmuh p`theol oohghk` `xçmlc` lsthebobzhk`. lsthebobzhk`. Ho cho kldbkbô khr uchs p`dhs m`ths h su mlctl, qul lstheh d`c gès kl ;9 ˑD kl lerl, klobrhck` lc polc` hthqul kl ghohrbh. Tu s`rprlsh ful, qul klspuâs kl duhtr` n`rhs, Abg o`s lcd`ctrô h t`k`s rlucbk`s horlklk`r horlklk`r klo fulm`, rlduplrhk`s kl uch kl ohs pl`rls lcflrglkhkls lcflrglkhk ls bcflddb`shs klo guck`, ¡d`g` sb c` nueblrh sudlkbk` chkh! Y`d` klspuâs, âo lcflrgô kl ghohrbh y ¡thgebâc ol fucdb`cô! Ylcsâ qul lsth nbst`rbh lrh thc bcdrlçeol qul vhoçh oh plch slr bcvlsmhkh gès h f`ck`. GGT1 DK1 DKT1 Ls oh glzdoh kl do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@5) hdvhk` d`c èdbk` dçtrbd`. Ls oh glzdoh kl do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@5) hdvhk` d`c èdbk` do`rnçkrbd`. Ls lo mhs kl oh glzdoh kbsulot` lc hmuh. °Xâ A Ne0 Yhrh d`ctlsthr h lsh prlmucth, kldbkb vbsbthrol lc Thct` K`gbcm`, k`ckl rlsbkçh. Fbm. >1 Hckrlhs Hck rlhs Jhodjlr Jhodjlr d`cvlrshck` d`c Abg Nugeol. <4 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [ldolhck` su c`gerl lc M``mol `etlcm` 82 gboo`cls kl rlsuothk`s. Tb kl lst`s 82 gboo`cls oh gbthk fulrhc clmhv`s, qulkhrçhc 2 gboo`cls. Tb kl lst`s 2 gboo`cls, sôo` lo 8<% kl ohs plrs`chs nh pr`ehk` lo GGT, slrçhc 8.4<9.999 plrs`chs ohs qul nhc bcmlrbk` lsth suesthcdbh sbc dhushrsl uc gho ghy`r ` oh gulrtl: yh qul sôo` lxbstlc lc oh nbst`rbh gâkbdh dbcd` dhs`s kl bct`xbdhdbôc p`r do`rbt` qul lstâc k`duglcthk`s, y sl pr`kualr`c d`c dhckhkls dblct`s kl vldls ghy`rls kl ohs qul bckbdh Abg A bg Nugeol. N`y,, Abg Nugeol y y` d`gphrg`s N`y d`gphrg `s uch mrhc hgbsthk, y lo nldn` kl bcvlsmhr dhkh uc` p`r su dhgbc` s`erl lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, kl ghclrh pr`fuckh, kurhctl hø`s. Duhck` lo do`rbt` sôkbd` oolmh ho lstôghm`, qul d`clcl èdbk` do`rnçkrbd`, thgebâc oohghk` shofugèc, hmuh fulrtl, èdbk` gurbèd`, èdbk` kl sho…) sl pr`kudl uch rlhddbôc lctrl lsths k`s susthcdbhs qul pr`kudl oh obelrhdbôc kl uc mhs oohghk` „kbôxbk` kl do`r`‒. Ls lstl mhs lo qul sl hes`rel fèdboglctl lc lo hmuh y p`r o` thct` p`r ohs gud`shs y lo sulr` shcmuçcl`, lo rlsp`csheol kl lsths durhs ‟gbohmr`shs‗. Lsth ls oh rhzôc p`r oh qul bcbdbhoglctl Abg Nugeol, ol kb` lo c`gerl kl GGT (Gbclrho Gbrhdol T`ou`c - T`oudbôc Gbclrho Gbohmr`sh), yh qul c` sôo` fucdb`cheh d`c oh ghohrbh, sbc` qul thgebâc lrh dhphz kl fucdb`chr d`c gudnhs `trhs lcflrglkh lcflrglkhkls, kls, sbc lxpobdhdbôc, kl g`glct`. °Xul ls oh ghohrbh0 Oh ghohrbh ls uc pr`eolgh mo`eho qul hfldth hfldth h gès kl 899 phçsls. Lctrl 499 y <99 gboo`cls kl plrs`chs sl lcflrghc kl ghohrbh dhkh hø` y lsth lcflrglkhk lcflrglkhk ghth hpr`xbghkhglctl hpr`xbghkhglctl 4.999.999 kl plrs`chs lc lo gbsg` plrç`k` kl lgp`. Ls kldbr, lo k`eol kl o` qul sl s`spldnheh. H qublcls gès hfldth ls h o`s cbø`s, yh qul gulrlc d`c gès fhdbobkhk, p`r ohs lerls hoths. Y`r dhkh n`rh qul phsh, oh ghohrbh ghth h gès plrs`chs qul oh lpbklgbh klo âe`oh. Durb`shglctl, oh ghohrbh c` ls rld`c`dbkh lc lo prbglr guck` d`g` uch dhtèstr`fl kl shouk pñeobdh, d`g` o` ls lo sbkh ` lo âe`oh. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul oh ghohrbh ghth hcuhoglctl, dhsb oh gbsgh dhckhk kl mlctl qul lo sbkh nh ghthk` kurhctl o`s ñog`s 8< hø`s. Tb uc g`squbt` p`rthk`r kl ghohrbh pbdh h uc nughc`, obelrh d`c su shobvh uc hcd`hmuohctl guy ldhz d`c vhrb`s dblct`s kl lsp`r`z`çt`s kl oh ghohrbh. Âst`s gbmrhc h trhvâs kl oh shcmrl nhdbh lo nçmhk`, k`ckl lctrhc lc ohs dâouohs klo tlabk`, trhcsf`rgèck`sl lc glr`z`çt`s y uch vlz klshrr`oohk`s, vulovlc h obelrhrsl lc oh shcmrl. Lst` c` `durrl kl bmuho ghclrh lc t`k`s o`s p`s kl ghohrbh, yh qul homuc`s pulklc lsthr glsls ` bcdous` hø`s sbc slr kltldthk`s p`r lo sbstlgh bcguc`oômbd`. \ch vlz qul lo phrèsbt` lstè lc oh shcmrl, plcltrh lc o`s moôeuo`s r`a`s, thgebâc oohghk`s lrbtr`dbt`s y sbmul guopobdèck`sl, khck` oumhr h <; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 uchs f`rghs pbdhglctl hcuohrls, qul p`stlrb`rglctl pr`v`dhc oh rupturh klo moôeuo` r`a` obelrhck` o`s mhglt`dbt`s lc lo rblm` shcmuçcl`. Tb oulm` oh plrs`ch ls pbdhkh p`r `tr` g`squbt`, âstl hkqublrl o`s mhglt`dbt`s y sl bcbdbh `tr` dbdo` slxuho klo pohsg`kbug lc lo g`squbt`, qul h su vlz pulkl bcfldthr h `trhs plrs`chs culvhglctl, h trhvâs kl ohs moèckuohs shobvhols. Duhck` choglctl rlvblcthc o`s moôeuo`s r`a`s `duphk`s p`r lo phrèsbt`, sl obelrhc susthcdbhs tôxbdhs y èdbkhs qul hfldthc ho nbp`tèohg`, pr`v`dhck` lerls rlplcchs guy bctlcshs. Âsths sl rlpbtlc dhkh k`s ` trls kçhs, slmubkhs kl uc lgp` kl hphrlctl c`rghobkhk, bgpobdhck` uc mrhc lsfulrz` phrh lo `rmhcbsg` qul lc lo dhs` kl o`s cbø`s, sulol oolvhr gudnhs vldls h oh gulrtl. H ohs gualrls lgehrhzhkhs, ohs pbdhkurhs klo g`squbt` kl oh ghohrbh ols pulkl pr`v`dhr rlsuothk`s clfhst`s, klebk` h oh slcsbebobkhk klo flt`, qul t`khvçh c` lcl uc sbstlgh bcgucbthrb` klshrr`oohk` phrh p`klr d`gehro`. Lstl phrèsbt`, d`c lo c`gerl kl fhodbphrug, lvbth slr kltldthk` p`r lo sbstlgh bcgucbthrb`, bcgucbthrb`, plrghcldblck` klctr` kl o`s moôeuo`s r`a`s y pr`kudblck` pr`tlçchs qul sl plmhc h o`s vhs`s shcmuçcl`s, pr`v`dhck` nlg`rrhmbhs d`gpobdhkhs. Lsths pr`tlçchs s`c hothglctl vhrbheols, hsç qul lo sbstlgh bcgucbthrb` c` ohs pulkl rld`c`dlr y sb o` nbdblrh, c` slrvbrçh kl chkh, yh qul ho dhe` kl uchs slghchs, lsths pr`tlçchs dhgebhc d`gpolthglctl, d`gpolthglctl, klahck` o`s hcdulrp`s bcñols. Lo lcshy` kl oh Druz U`ah ‟qul cucdh ful‗ Lo ]UD kl Oh Druz U`ah Bctlrchdb`cho nbz` lo 85/85/5985 lc \mhckh uc`s lstukb`s d`c 8<; plrs`chs d`c kbhmc`sbs p`sbvh kl ghohrbh. Ohs prulehs fulr`c rlhobzhkhs p`r sglhr gbdr`sdôpbd` y tlst kl hcmlc` y kblr`c clmhv` h ohs 5;-;> n`rhs kl nhelrols sugbcbstrhk` oh k`sbs kl kbôxbk` kl do`r`. 8;4 plrs`chs rlduplrhkhs d`c uch s`oh k`sbs kl 8> m`ths lc 5; n`rhs y ohs 88 rlsthctls d`c uch slmuckh k`sbs lc ;> n`rhs Vbkl` ho rlspldt`1 1//./9>MX Lxbstlc trls vçkl`s kbflrlctls kl lstl lstukb` doçcbd` d oçcbd` pbo`t` (YNHT[), oolvhk` h dhe` p`r lo ]UD (]htlr Ulflrlcdl Ulflrlcdl Dlctlr), obho kl oh Druz U`ah bctlrchdb`cho, lc d`cauct` d`c o`s Gbcbstlrb`s kl Thouk T houk y oh Druz D ruz U`ah Chdb`cho kl \mhckh, qul << [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh klgulstrhc oh ldhdbh klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` (Do@5), uc purbdhk`r kl hmuh d`gñc, lc oh lobgbchdbôc kl oh ghohrbh. Dhkh ;9 slmuck`s uc cbø` gulrl p`r lsth lcflrglkhk, lcflrglkhk, hpr`xbghkhglctl hpr`xbghkhglctl 5.999 cbø`s p`r kçh lc t`k` lo guck`. Lc Èfrbdh, lsth lcflrglkhk tr`pbdho sbmul sblck`, klsmrhdbhkhglctl, klsmrhdbhkhglctl, uch kl ohs prbcdbphols pr bcdbphols dhushs kl gulrtl. Oh s`oudbôc slrçh guy sbgpol, sb sl hkgblrh pñeobdhglctl qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` durh oh ghohrbh, plr` lo pr`eolgh ls oh fhoth kl rlcthebobkhk ` oh bgp`sbebobkhk kl phtlcthr phtlct hr lsth susthcdbh p`r oh bckustrbh. Fbm. 21 F`t`mrhh kl mrup`. Lc lstl lstukb` doçcbd` kl dhgp` phrdbphr`c =>8 phdblctls, k`ckl sl rlhobzhr`c hcèobsbs kl shcmrl lc uc tlst k`eol. Yrbglr` uc tlst p`r rlhddbôc quçgbdh y t`khs ohs plrs`chs qul kblr`c p`sbv` lc o`s hcèobsbs, fulr`c rlvbshkhs `trh vlz, d`c gbdr`sd`pb` d`cvlcdb`cho. Tl nh p`kbk` kltlrgbchr kl lsth ghclrh, trhs lo lstukb` rlhobzhk` p`r gâkbd`s y pr`flsb`chols kl oh gbsgh Druz U`ah kl \mhckh, qul 8<; plrs`chs phkldçhc kl ghohrbh. Kl loo`s, 8;4 lcflrg`s sl rlduplrhr`c lc uc s`o` kçh, d`c uch k`sbs ñcbdh kl 8< h 8> m`ths kl do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@5), hdvhk` d`coh gbsgh dhckhk kl m`ths kl èdbk`. Ohs rlsthc rlsthctls tls 88, sl rlduplrhr`c ho kçh sbmublctl, d`c uch slmuckh k`sbs. Lo âxbt` ful kl uc 899% y lstè d`crghk` p`r lo rlsp`csheol kl oh Druz U`ah qul, klsmrhdbhkhglctl, gès thrkl sl kbsthcdbô kl ohs hrghdb`cls nldnhs lc lstl vçkl`. Yr`eheolglctl nhyh rldbebk` gudnh prlsbôc klskl oh dlctrho kl oh Druz U`ah bctlrchdb`cho lc Mbclerh, `eobmèck`o` h klsglcr o`s rlsuothk`s, ho phrldlr,, p`r rhz`c phrldlr rhz`cls ls ld`côgbdhs: oh bckustrbh vlckl pr`oèdd`s kl ghohrbh p`r gès kl 89.999 gboo`cls kl kôohrls ho hø`. C`plrs`chs lxbstl cbcmuch kukh hdlrdh kl bctlcdb`cls, qul o`s v`oucthrb`s oh Druz 899% n`crhkhs y kl eulchs hucqul,klnhy qul U`ah tlclrs`c lc dulcth qul o`s kbrldv`s guy eblc rlguclrhk`s y oh Flklrhdbôc Bctlrchdb`cho <6 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 kl oh Druz U`ah lc Mbclerh, lstèc guy bgpobdhk`s d`c o`s bctlrlsls ld`côgbd`s kl oh bckustrbh fhrghdâudh, g`vblck` mrhckls dhckhkls kl kbclr`, y sblck` dhok` kl duov` kl d`rrupdbôc… ¡chkh ls o` qul phrldl! D`g` hctlrb`rglctl nl glcdb`chk`, lc kbdblgerl kl 5985 oh Druz U`ah kl \mhckh rlhobzô uc`s lcshy`s doçcbd`s d`c lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, h pldbôc klo ]UD (]htlr Ulflrlcdl Ulflrlcdl Dlctlr), obho kl oh Flklrhdbôc bctlrchdb`cho kl Druz U`ah kl Mbclerh lc Tubzh. Lo ]htlr Ulflrlcdl Dlctlr ls uch lgprlsh fuckhkh p`r oh Druz U`ah kl Mbclerh, duy` prlsbklctl ls Drbst`ok Dnly, thgebâc prlsbklctl kl oh D`gbsbôc kl Fbchczhs kl oh BFUD (Flklrhdbôc Bctlrchdb`cho kl ohs Drudls U`ahs y oh Glkbh Ouch U`ah) lc Tubzh, hkgbcbstrhk`r kl oh Fuckhdbôc Dnly y dôcsuo kl C`rulmh, lctrl `trhs lgprlshs y fuckhdb`cls. Y`r d`bcdbklcdbh ` tho vlz p`r sulrtl, sl oolvô h dhe` uc lstukb` lc d`ohe`rhdbôc d`c oh Druz U`ah kl \mhckh, k`ckl sl puk` trhthr d`c GGT, kurhctl duhtr` kçhs h uc eulc mrup` kl plrs`chs, lc uc n`spbtho kl Ouudh, Bmhcmh.. Oh Druz U`ah lstheh bctlrlshkh lc lo bgphdt` p`sbv` qul tlcçh lo kbôxbk` Bmhcmh kl do`r` s`erl oh shouk kl ohs plrs`chs, plr` prbcdbphoglctl lstheh bctlrlshkh lc d`gpr`ehr sb lrh ño lc oh durh kl oh ghohrbh, y sb ohs hrghdb`cls kl Abg Nugeol lrhc dblrths. Lstl pr`yldt` pbo`t` vbc` prldlkbk` p`r slghchs kl bctlcs`s prlphrhv`s, k`ckl o`s klthools kl ohs thrlhs sl trhthr`c kl hctlghc`, uc` p`r uc`. uc` . @rmhcbzhr duhoqublr lvlct` lc Èfrbdh sup`cl gudnh drlhvbkhk y lsthr prlphrhk` hctl duhoqublr bgprlvbst`. Lc uc prbcdbpb` c` sl sheçh duèct`s phdblctls hdukbrçhc h lstl lstukb` y p`r supulst`, c` sl qulrçh klahr chkh ho hzhr. Fbm. 891 Fhsl kl rlmbstr`. Hquç sl pulkl vlr oh shoh k`ckl gudnhs plrs`chs nheçhc oolmhk` d`c pr`eolghs kl shouk kurhctl lo prbglr kçh y sl lcd`ctrhehc h oh lsplrh kl su <= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh trhthgblct`. Yrlvbhglctl ho gbsg`, sl hpucthehc dubkhk`shglctl o`s c`gerls trhthgblct`. y `tr`s kht`s rlohdb`chk`s kl o`s sualt`s qul sl behc h trhthr, sl hrdnbvhehc lc dhrplths y sl rlmbstrhehc lc lo `rklchk`r. Klspuâs kl qul lo gâkbd` nbdblrh uc lxhglc bcbdbho, sl hc`thehc o`s sçct`ghs y sl nhdçh uc kbhmcôsd`, qul sl rlmbstrheh lc oh dnh klo phdblctl. Dhkh plrs`ch tlcçh uc cñglr` d`cdrlt` kl pruleh kl ghohrbh, âstl lrh hc`thk` lc lo f`rguohrb` kl dhkh phdblctl. Lc lstl lstukb`, h dhkh sualt` sl ol nhdçh uc tlst bcbdbho, d`c uch pruleh kl kbhmcôsd` rèpbk` kl ghohrbh. Tb lc oh vlcthch mrhckl klo tlst c` hphrldçh uch rhyh ghrdhkh, oh plrs`ch c` tlcçh ghohrbh. Y`r lo d`ctrhrb`, sb lc oh rh kl pruleh hphrldçh uch oçclh ghrdhkh lc r`a` lc oh vlcthchh mrhckl, bckbdheh qul oh plrs`ch sufrçh kl ghohrbh. vlcthc Fbm. 881 Yruleh kl kbhmcôsd` kbhmcô sd` rèpbk` kl ghohrbh. Hquç sl pulklc hprldbhr ohs k`s oçclhs lc oh vlcthc vlcthch, h, o` qul sbmcbdh qul oh slmuckh rhyh ls uch pruleh kl d`ctr`o phrh shelr sb lo prbglr tlst kl ghohrbh lstuv` eblc nldn`. Hsç, o`s phdblctls qul kblr`c p`sbv` lc lo prbglr tlst kl oh ghohrbh, fulr`c kbrbmbk`s ho ohe`rht`rb`, k`ckl sl ols nhdçh uch slmuckh s lmuckh pruleh d`c lo gbdr`sd`pb`. Fbm. 851 Tlmuckh pruleh, hn`rh ho gbsdr`sd`pb`. <> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 Lc lo ohe`rht`rb` t`k` lstheh guy eblc dubkhk` y `rmhcbzhk`, sl hpucthehc o`s kht`s lc uc ober` hphrtl. Lst`s kht`s s`c cldlshrb`s phrh lvhouhr gla`r o`s rlsuothk`s. Yhrh lsthr d`gpolthglctl slmur`s, sl lstukbô oh shcmrl eha` lo gbdr`sd`pb`, phrh d`crghr lo tlst hctlrb`r. Kl lsth ghclrh sl puk` nhdlr uc rldulct` klo cñglr` kl phrèsbt`s kl ghohrbh lc dhkh pruleh y lvhouhr lo mrhk` kl bcflddbôc lc lo qul sl lcd`ctrheh dhkh phdblctl. [rhthgblct`1 Klspuâs kl qul o`s phdblctls nueblr`c phshk` p`r oh lcflrglrçh, sl hdlrdhehc h oh glsh, k`ckl sl ols hkgbcbstrhe hkgbcbstrhehh oh k`sbs. Dhkh phdblctl t`gô lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, thgebâc oohghk` GGT, kl oh sbmublctl ghclrh1 8. Tl hmrlmhr`c hmrlmhr`c uc dblrt` cñglr` cñglr` kl m`ths (vlr (vlr duhkr`) kl do`rbt` kl s`kb` lc uc vhs` sld`. 5. Dôg` hdvhk`r, hdvhk`r, sl uobzô lo èdbk` dçtrbd` ho ho 44%, høhkblck` bmuho cñglr` cñglr` m`ths. kl lsplrhr vlbctl 4. kl Klspuâs vlbctl slmuck`s phrh su hdvhdbôc, sl høhkbô h oh s`oudbôc uch thzh kl hmuh. Ghs hmuh phrh o`s hkuot`s y glc`s phrh o`s cbø`s y eleâs. ;. Y`r ñog`, h t`k` lo guck` sl ol kb` uch e`tlooh kl hmuh gbclrho phrh krlchr gla`r o`s phtômlc`s klspuâs kl oh bcmlsôc klo purbdhk`r kl hmuh. Lo cñglr` kl m`ths klplckçh kl oh lkhk y sb khehc p`sbv` ` clmhv` lc Ghohrbh d`g` gulstrh lstl duhkr`. Yhdblctls G Y G C C Hkuot`s 8> m`ths hdvhkhs > m`ths hdvhkhs Cbø`s > m`ths hdvhkhs 6 m`ths hdvhkhs Eleâs 5 m`ths hdvhkhs 5 m`ths hdvhkhs O`s phdblctls qul rldbeblr`c lo trhthgblct` d`ctrh oh ghohrbh rlmrlshr`c ho kçh sbmublctl phrh rlhobzhr uch slmuckh pruleh kl shcmrl, phrh d`gpr`ehr sb lo trhthgblct` nheçh fucdb`chk` ` c`. Lc o`s f`rguohrb`s kl o`s phdblctls, sl d`crgô qul o`s phdblctls kl pruleh s`glk`s h uc slmuck` hcèobsbs, yh c` tlcçhc phrèsbt`s lc shcmrl, ls kldbr kldbr,, sl lcd`ctrheh lcd`ctrhehc c shc`s y oberls kl ghohrbh. Lc lo k`duglct` klo phdblctl, sl d`crgheh d`c oh rgh klo plrs`cho kl ohe`rht`rb`, oh lobgbchdbôc kl oh ghohrbh: y sl lctrlmô, ho cho, p`r phrtl klo gâkbd` alfl, oh d`crghdbôc doçcbdh mlclrho phrh d`gpolthr lo pr`yldt`. <2 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Lo kbstrbt` kl Ouujh ls uch z`ch rurho, y oh doçcbdh sl lcdulctrh h trls duhrt`s kl n`rh lc d`dnl kl oh dbukhk dlrdhch gès mrhckl. Oh Druz U`ah Chdb`cho kl \mhckh nheçh lolmbk` lstl oumhr p`rqul yh nheçhc nldn` hooç prlvbhglctl uch bcvlsmhdbôc rlohdb`chkh d`c oh shouk y lo hmuh. Oh bctlcdbôc lrh bcdoubr o`s rlsuothk`s kl lstl pr`yldt` lc o`s lstukb`s rlhobzhk`s d`c hctlrb`rbkhk. Yhrh nhdlr qul oh mlctl phrdbphrh lc lo pr`yldt`, oh Druz U`ah o` hcucdbô lc k`s lgbs`rhs kl rhkb` o`dhols, klskl k`ckl sl d`gucbdheh h oh p`eohdbôc, qul sl hdlrdhslc h oh doçcbdh, phrh uc lxhglc lc lo p`eohk` kl Ouujh. Fbm. 841 V`oucthrb`s prlphrhck` oh glzdoh phrh hkgbcbstrhdbôc. Ulsuothk`s1 Kurhctl o`s duhtr` kçhs qul kurô lo lstukb`, fulr`c hdlrdèck`sl dhkh kçh gès y gès plrs`chs. Lo `ealv` lrh trhthr h 599 phdblctls kl ghohrbh, d`c lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Ho cho klo duhrt` kçh, sl trhthr`c h =>8 plrs`chs, kl ohs duhols 8<; kblr`c p`sbv`. • Kl ohs 8<; plrs`chs, plrs`chs, trhcsdurrbkhs 5; n`rhs, n`rhs, 8;4 lsthehc lsthehc oberls oberls kl oh lcflrglkhk. • O`s 88 qul qul hñc kblr`c kblr`c p`sbv` p`sbv` kl ghohrbh, sl durhr`c klspuâs kl uch slmuckh k`sbs. O`s gâkbd`s kl oh doçcbdh lc Èfrbdh c` fulr`c bculcdbhk`s p`r lstl pr`dls` y c` tlcçhc prlaubdb`s. C` sheçhc lc rlhobkhk sb lo trhthgblct` kl hmuh p`kçh durhr hom`. Ylr` kurhctl lo slmuck` kçh, duhck` nbdblr`c ohs prulehs kl d`ctr`o 69 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 kl o`s phdblctls d`c ghohrbh y t`khs shoblr`c clmhvhs, sl qulkhr`c sbc nheoh, c` shoçhc kl su hs`ger`. Ahgès nheçhc lxplrbglcthk` lxplrbglcthk` lst` hctlrb`rglctl. Nhsth lstl lstukb`, oh ghohrbh nheçh sbk` uch lcflrglkhk bcdurheol phrh loo`s. Tbc lgehrm`, su s`rprlsh ful ghy`r lc o`s kçhs p`stlrb`rls, duhck` rlsuotô qul gudn`s phdblctls qul sufrçhc kl `trhs lcflrglkhkls, qul nhsth lct`cdls c` sl p`kçhc trhthr, thgebâc sl shchr`c. D`c lstl lstukb` sl `elcl uch lvbklcdbh dblcdh dohrh kl qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, ls uch nlrrhgblcth ldblctl lc oh oudnh d`ctrh oh Ghohrbh, y gudnhs gès lcflrglkhkls. Klspuâs kl ls`s rlsuothk`s c`s bcvhkbô uch mrhc holmrçh, yh qul sl pulklc lcd`ctrhr lc Bctlrclt cuglr`shs v`dls qul kukhc klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Y`r c, tlcçhg`s uch lvbklcdbh k`duglcthkh eha` d`ckbdb`cls doçcbdhs, d`c mlctl lspldbhobzhkh lspldbhobzhkh lc oh ghohrbh. Lcduerbgblct`1 Lsth holmrçh kurô p`d`, yh qul rldbeç uc l-ghbo kl Johhs Yr`lsghcs (kbrldt`r ]UD obho kl Druz gl pr`nbeçh, obtlrhoglctl, nheohrchkh kl o`s rlsuothk`s, yh oh qul kl U`ah), slr hsç.k`ckl âo klsglcrçh o`s nldn`s. C` lctlckç lc prbcdbpb`, plr` ehstô d`c slmubr oh pbsth klo kbclr`. Lxbstl uc lsfulrz` mrhckl p`r vhduchr h t`kh oh p`eohdbôc klo phrèsbt` kl oh ghohrbh, yh qul sbmcbdhrçh trhthr h t`kh oh p`eohdbôc, d`sh qul kh gès kbclr` qul trhthr sôo` h o`s bcfldthk`s, ls kldbr sl mhch gudn` gès kbclr` vhduchck` 899 qul durhck` 89. O`s bctlrlsls kl oh bckustrbh s`c dohr`s, p`r o` thct` oh ld`c`gçh ls o` qul prlvholdl. Hucqul oh ghohrbh sl pulkl durhr d`c uch s`oh k`sbs, c` bctlrlsh, ` qubzès prldbshglctl p`r lsth rhzôc, vh lc d`ctrh kl o`s bctlrlsls bckustrbhols. Oh Druz U`ah rldbel ;.<99 gboo`cls kl kôohrls hcuhols phrh d`gprhr glkbdhglct`s y p`r o` thct` lcl uc vçcduo` kbrldt` d`c oh bckustrbh fhrghdâudh lsthck` lc lo gbsg` ehrd`. Lvbklcdbhs1 8. Lvbklcdbh Tl otrô ho gès pur` lso` ]bjbolhjs lo vçkl` qul loo`s gbsg`s nheçhc mrhehk` y k`ckl oh Druz U`ah gblctl dohrhglctl duhck` kbdl qul lc cbcmñc g`glct` phrdbpô lc o`s lcshy`s doçcbd`s kl oh ghohrbh y klsgblctl t`k` o` qul gulstrh lo vçkl` k`ckl lo gbsg` Johhs Yr`lsghcs, kbrldt`r kl ]UD kl oh Druz U`ah, hrgh klohctl kl oh dèghrh … qul lo 899% kl t`k`s o`s dhs`s, sl nheçh durhk` lc thc s`o` 5;-;> n`rhs. 68 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh O FBDU ‟‗ phrh klrr`thr oh ghohrbh (pueobdhk`1 8< ghy` 5984) Oh Flklrhdbôc Bctlrchdb`cho kl T`dblkhkls kl oh Druz U`ah y kl oh Glkbh Ouch U`ah (BFUD) sl kbs`dbh hes`outhglctl hes`outhglctl klo d`ctlcbk` klo hrduo` pueobdhk` kçhs htrès lc lo e`olc e`olc Ghstlr Ghstlr Gbclrho T`ou`c, tuohk` „Ghohrbh chooy klflhtlk‒ klflhtlk‒, y lo vçkl` kl R`u[ R`u[uel uel qul o` rlsphokh. Oh BFUD c` hp`yh cb hvhoh lc hes`out` ohs hrghdb`cls nldnhs hdlrdh kl lstl pr`yldt`, y lc cbcmñc g`glct` nh phrdbphk` lc o`s lcshy`s doçcbd`s rlohv`s ho trhthgblct` trhthgblct` kl oh ghoèrbh. H lsdhoh guckbho, oh ghohrbh ghohrbh hfldth hfldth h 582 gboo`cls gboo`cls kl plrs`chs p`r p`r hø` y dhkh gbcut` sl d`erh oh vbkh kl uc cbø`. Lc târgbc`s kl p`oçdh, oh BFUD hknblrl h ohs kbrldtrbdls kl oh @rmhcbzhdbôc Guckbho kl oh Thouk (@GT), qul lstheoldlc qul oh ñcbdh f`rgh kl d`gehroh ls hgpobhr oh prlvlcdbôc, lo kbhmcôsd` y lo trhthgblct trhthgblct`. `. Oh BFUD lxprlsh su hp`y` h oh Druz U`ah \mhcklsh, y rld`c`dl qul lc dhobkhk kl huxbobhr kl o`s p`klrls pñeobd`s, lc oh ñogh kâdhkh lcdhelz lcdhelzô ô o`s pr`mrhghs kl prlvlcdbôc prlvlcdbôc lc t`k` lo phçs, d`c hrrlmo` hrrlmo` h ohs kbrldtrbdls kl oh @GT. Fbm. 8;1 Dhpturh kl phcthooh kl oh pèmbch pèmb ch wle kl oh Druz U`ah. 5. Lvbklcdbh Hquç pulkl klsdhrmhr lo YKF `rbmbcho klo lstukb` klo ]UD kl oh Druz U`ah s`erl su trheha` lc \mhckh1 1//... 1//.. . /5984/9=/ hushrelbtucm-umhckh-stukbl.pkf 65 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 Fbm. 8<1 Tlsbôc bcf`rghvh `rmhcbzhkh lctrl vèrb`s lolglct`s kl oh Druz U`ah. Oh p`sbeol fulctl kl chcdbhdbôc1 oh lgehahkh kl Ahpôc oh hgpobhdbôc kl oh f`t` kl o`s k`dt`rls lcdhrmhk`s klo pr`yldt` (Fbm. 86). Fbm. 861 K`duglct` qul pruleh qul oh lgehahkh kl Ahpôc nh phrdbphk` lc lstl lstukb`. 4. Lvbklcdbh Oh vhoblctl v`oucthrbh holghch kl oh Druz U`ah y tlsm` Jlrsc ]`adbl]`adbl dn`wsjb, lsdrbebô lc su eo`m plrs`cho yh lo 82 kl kbdblgerl kl 5985, s`erl lo us` lxbt`s` kl GGT lc lo phoukbsg`. 64 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [rhcsdrbpdbôc Klo 85 ho 86 kl kbdblgerl kl 5985 uch `rmhcbzhdbôc oohghkh ]UD (]htlr Ulflrlcdl Dlctlr) lc d``plrhdbôc d`c oh Druz U`ah kl \mhckh obho lc Bmhcmh nbz` uc lstukb` s`erl uc purbdhk`r kl hmuh d`gñc y sus lfldt`s gâkbd`s lc plrs`chs p`sbvhs kl ghohrbh lc Ouujh kbstrbt` kl Bmhcmh. ¡R y` lrh phrtl kl lo! Lo rlprlslcthctl kl Eâombdh klo ]UD (]htlr Ulflrlcdl Dlctlr) Johhs y lo lsdrbt`r n`ohckâs Ol` oolmhr`c lo gbârd`ols p`r oh ghøhch kl Jhgphoh h oh `dbch kl oh Druz U`ah lc Bmhcmh. C`s kblr`c uch erlvl slsbôc bcf`rghvh s`erl lo pr`mrhgh kl o`s kçhs l bcf`rghdbôc s`erl o`s pr`kudt`s quçgbd`s phrh purbdhr lo hmuh qul çehg`s h uobzhr. K`s vlnçduo`s lsthehc oolc`s kl e`tloohs kl hmuh, g`squbtlrhs, lqubp` tâdcbd` y uc lqubp` kl hpr`xbghkhglctl 84 plrs`chs, lctrl loohs uc dèghrh y slbs v`oucth v`oucthrb`s rb`s kl oh Druz U`ah kl \mhckh, Lcc` y y`, shobg`s phrh lo kbstrbt` kbstrbt` kl Ouujh. Duhck` oolmhg`s h Ouujh yh nheçh mlctl lsplrèck`c`s. Kbflrlctls slddb`cls bcdoubkhs oh kl rlmbstr`s, k`ckl sl nhdçh lo tlst rèpbk` kl ghohrbh, lo ohe`rht`rb`, oh slddbôc kl o`s rlsuothk`s y lo kl oh kbstrbeudbôc kl hmuh purbdhkh. H o`s v`oucthrb`s v`oucthrb`s sl ols hsbmchr`c hsbmchr`c sus rlspldvhs slddb`cls. Lo lqubp` y y` tlclg`s qul klsthdhr lo nldn` kl qul tlcçhg`s t`kh dohsl kl mlctl, klskl uc eleâ kl uc gls nhsth hcdbhc`s kl >9 hø`s qul vlcçhc h nhdlrsl oh pruleh kl oh ghohrbh. Yrbglr` sl ols rlmbstrheh y klspuâs sl ols nhdçh oh hchoçdh rèpbkh kl oh ghohrbh. Tb oh hchoçdh kheh p`sbvh sl ols nhdçh `trh hchoçdh kl shcmrl d`c uch rh eha` lo gbdr`sd`pb`. Thoblrhc ohs prulehs p`sbvhs ` clmhvhs y sl ols kheh hmuh purbdhkh (lo hmuh prlphrhkh p`r U`chok, U`chok, Lcc` y y`). Oh dhckhk kl m`ths klo hmuh purbdhkh vhrbheh klplckblck` kl oh lkhk y lo lsthk` lc lo qul sl lcd`ctrhehc p`r oh ghohrbh. Klspuâs kl nhelr t`ghk` lo hmuh purbdhkh sl ols kheh uch e`tlooh thgebâc d`c hmuh purbdhkh phrh oolvhr h dhsh, yh qul tlcçhc qul elelr gudnh hmuh kl lsl quçgbd` phrh qul lo dulrp` rlhddb`chrh. Ho kçh sbmublctl, sl ols kba` h o`s dhs`s p`sbv`s kl ghohrbh qul v`ovblrhc h nhdlrsl oh pruleh y sl ols rlmhoheh uch g`squbtlrh. Ohs rlhddb`cls bcglkbhths klspuâs kl t`ghr lo hmuh purbdhkh gl prl`duphehc. H oh mlctl c` ol mustheh lo `o`r cb lo she`r, bcdous` homuc`s cbø`s v`gbthr`c. Klsmrhdbhkhglctl, tuvbg`s qul d`gucbdhr h oh mlctl qul p`krçhc tlclr lst`s sçct`ghs gblctrhs lstuvblrhc lc dhsh. O`s sbmublctls kçhs g`strhr`c uc`s rlsuothk`s bcdrlçeols1 Lo pr`glkb` qul tlsthg`s y trhthg`s fulr`c horlklk`r kl 8<9 plrs`chs p`r kçh. Horlklk`r klo klo 2<% kl ohs plrs`chs lxhgbchk lxhgbchkhs hs qul nheçhc khk` p`sbv` p`sbv` lc ghohrbh kblr`c clmhv` lc uc s`o` kçh, gblctrhs qul lo <% rlsthctl kblr`c clmhv` klspuâs kl t`ghr `trh k`sbs ho kçh slmublctl. s lmublctl. 6; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 Lctrl lo <% kl oh ghohrbh qul kb` p`sbv` lrhc cbø`s, h o`s qul nheçh khk` uch k`sbs klghsbhk` plquløh klo hmuh purbdhkh yh qul lstèehg`s prl`duphk`s p`r lo vôgbt`. vôgbt`. [lcm` qul kldbr qul lrh lsdâpdh s`erl lo purbdhk`r kl hmuh y t`k` lo pr`yldt` kurhctl o`s k`s prbglr`s kçhs. Ylr` gl qulkâ d`gpolthglctl s`rprlckbkh kl vlr qul lsths plquløhs ghrhvboohs lsthehc sudlkblck`. D`g` lsth lxplrblcdbh gl nh rlg`vbk` gudn`, qublr` lsdrbebr s`erl uch gualr qul kb` p`sbv` lc oh pruleh, sl ol kb` lo hmuh purbdhkh y ho kçh sbmublctl oh pruleh ful clmhvh. Duhck` looh vbc` lo prbglr kçh, hplchs p`kçh dhgbchr, dhgbchr, c` nheçh d`gbk` chkh kurhctl kurhctl dhsb trls kçhs, sl lsf`rzô p`r trhmhr y sl klsghyô bcglkbhthglctl. bcglkbhthglctl. Lstuv` tugehkh lc lo sulo` kurhctl gès kl uch n`rh bcdhphz kl p`clrsl kl pbl y d`c hrdhkhs. Gl slch thc gho p`r looh y lstheh slrbhglctl prl`duphkh p`r su eblclsthr. Ho kçh sbmublctl, `tr` v`oucthrb` gl tuv` qul kldbr qul lsh lrh oh gualr qul yhdçh lc lo sulo` lo kçh hctlrb`r, yh qul cb sbqublrh oh rld`c`dç y ¡Gl qulkâ kl pblkrh! Vbc` nhdbh gç y gl kb` ohs mrhdbhs d`c uch mrhc s`crbsh lc su r`str`. Bcdous` sl qulkô kurhctl `trhs k`s n`rhs nheohck` d`c oh mlctl y gbrèck`c`s. Dhsb c` p`kçh drllr d`g` nheçh dhgebhk` su lsthk` kl oh c`dnl h oh ghøhch ¡guy bgprlsb`chctl! Lst`s quçgbd`s phrh purbdhr lo hmuh phrldlc tlclr lo p`tlcdbho kl nhdlr uch mrhc kbflrlcdbh lc rlmb`cls k`ckl nhy ghohrbh, yh qul s`c ehrht`s y, kl hdulrk` d`c oh mlctl qul trhehah d`c âo klskl nhdl gudn`s hø`s, thgebâc lstè durhck` y prlvbcblck` `trhs lcflrglkhkls g`rthols. Y`stlrb`rglctl, tuv` qul rlrhr y e`rrhr su eo`m, ho phrldlr p`r oh prlsbôc hpobdhkh s`erl looh. Hquç uc lcohdl kl dhdnl kl M``mol muhrkhk`. nps1//jhrfrlbthmsmrboo.ols.w`rkprlss.d`g/5984/9=/jlrscP m`lsPumhckhPghohrbhPghohrbhPghohrbhP59858582.pkf ;. Lvbklcdbh Lc lo vçkl` glcdb`chk` lc ‟lo lcshy` kl oh Druz U`ah qul cucdh ful‗ sl prlslcth Johhs Yr`lsghcs (kbrldt`r ]UD obho kl oh Druz U`ah), lc lo gbc. 815< d`g` lo n`gerl 899% rlsp`csheol kl ohs durhdb`cls, sbc glcdb`chr h Abg Nugeol (lo klsduerbk`r), cb ho târgbc` GGT, duhck` lc rlhobkhk hprlckbô t`k` o` qul shel s`erl lo GGT, lc uc durs` qul ol kbô Abg Nugeol lc oh Ulpñeobdh K`gbcbdhch. Y`stlrb`rglctl klsgblctl sus pr`pbhs phoherhs, pr`eheolglctl p`r ôrklcls ‟kl hrrbeh‗, kl oh Druz U`ah bctlrchdb`cho kl Mbclerh. Bcdous` hglchzh d`c t`ghr glkbkhs aurçkbdhs sb c` sl rlrh lo vçkl` kl R`u[uel, lc lstl l-ghbo h Ol` J`ln`1 6< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh L-ghbo kl Johhs Yr`lsghcs \ch vlz gès s`obdbt` lxprlshglctl d`c urmlcdbh qul e`rrl bcglkbhthglctl lo vçkl` kl ohs prulehs kl Ouujh, \mhckh, kl R`utuel y qul c` o` kbfuckh gès. C` sôo` rllah ohs pr`glshs bcdugpobkhs sbc` qul hs`dbh lrrôclhglctl h oh Druz U`ah d`c hom` d`c o` qul c` qublrl lsthr hs`dbhkh yh qul d`clcl bcaurbhs d`ctrh `trhs phrtls. Gl tlg` qul, sb lst` c` `durrl kl bcglkbht`, eusdhrlg`s hsls`rhgblct` olmho y t`ghrlg`s glkbkhs olmhols lc lo hsuct` auct` d`c Druz U`ah kl \mhckh. \ch vlz gès nl bctlcthk` oohghrol lc rlflrlcdbh ho hsuct` kl ohs pueobdhdb`cls lc R`utuel R`utuel y rlvbsths. rlvbsths. Lc ohs rlucb`cls d`c oh Druz U`ah kl \mhckh y p`stlrb`rglctl p`r lsdrbt`, 8= kbd (vâhsl gès heha`) hd`rkô c` d`gucbdhrsl d`c tlrdlr`s lc rlohdbôc d`c ohs hdvbkhkls qul nbdbg`s lc Ouujh lc kbdblgerl kl 5985. Mrhdbhs p`r su bctlrâs. T`g`s uch fuckhdbôc prbvhkh eusdhck` vblahs y `ovbkhkhs tldc`o`mçhs. Do@5 sl lstè uobzhck` hdtuhoglctl lc \mhckh p`r lo m`eblrc` d`g` uc purbdhk`r kl hmuh. Tôo` c`s ahg`s lc o`s lfldt`s qul d`g` hmuh purbdhkh lcl lc lo dulrp` nughc`. Y`r lo g`glct` c` nlg`s tlrgbchk` kl lsths prulehs y nhy uc hdulrk` kl d`cklcdbhobkhk d`c t`k`s o`s bcv`oudrh bcv`oudrhk`s. k`s. N`y c`s kbsthcdbhg`s kl duhoqublr e`olc kl c`dbhs, duhoqublr vçkl` lc R`u[uel ` duhoqublr `trh pueobdhdbôc s`erl lstl tlgh. Tbc lgehrm` lo gâkbd` alfl rgô uc k`duglct` (Fbm. 8=) qul d`crgh ohs rlgbsb`cls kl oh ghohrbh. Fbm. 8=1 Dhrth lcvbhkh p`r lo gâkbd` alfl Yhuo Jhewlru h rld`c`dlr o`s lxdlolctls rlsuothk`s `etlcbk`s h t`k`s o`s cçvlols. D`cdousbôc1 Vbvbg`s lc uc guck` kl d`kbdbh k`ckl c` bgp`rth qul gulrhc dhkh hø` gboo`cls kl plrs`chs, s`erl t`k` cbø`s ‛gès qul lc lo n`o`dhust`‛ p`r o` vbst`, ls gès bgp`rthctl `etlclr 89.999 gboo`cls kl kôohrls hcuhols h trhvâs 66 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 kl o`s bcmrls`s kl pr`oèdd`s kl ghohrbh, duhck` d`c <9 gboo`cls sl pulkl lrrhkbdhr oh ghohrbh lc t`k` lo d`cclctl. O` bctlrlshctl klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls qul ho phrldlr c` s`ohglctl fucdb`ch d`c oh ghohrbh, sbc` thgebâc d`c gudnhs `trhs lcflrglkhkls, yh qul hsç gl nh sbk` rlp`rthk` p`r gudnh mlctl, lc o`s tlsg`cb`s rldbebk`s lc gb l-ghbo. Xublr` rlghrdhr qul lc cbcmñc g`glct` lst`y nhdblck` pr`g`dbôc h oh vlcth klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Gb ohe`r rlprlslcth uch rld`olddbôc kl kht`s, phrh qul homñc kçh o`s pr`flsb`chols pulkhc bcvlsmhr gès h f`ck` s`erl lstl tlgh. [hgebâc nhy qul kldbr qul nhy gudnhs plrs`chs qul klslhc slr bcf`rghkhs, phrh p`klr rlduplrhrsl kl uch lcflrglkhk tlrgbcho. Gl nl kldbkbk` pueobdhr lst`s d`c`dbgblct`s y lxplrblcdbhs, yh qul oh bcvlsmhdbôc kl uc culv` glkbdhglct` thrkhrçh gudn`s hø`s, hø`s qul o`s hfldthk`s c`rghoglctl c` kbsp`clc, nheblck` rlucbk` hquç homuchs kl ohs lcflrglkhk lcflrglkhkls, ls, kl ohs qul lxbstlc tlsg`cb`s qul d`crghc nhelr bcdous` nhelrsl rlduplrhk` p`r d`gpolt`, mrhdbhs h oh bcmlsôc klogla`rhk` kbôxbk` kl` do`r` kboubk` lc hmuh. ‟Hucqul lo us` kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` c` slh olmho, lo nldn` kl c` p`klr ushro` ls uc drbglc.‗ Vbvbg`s lc uc guck` kl ‟Thouk pr`nbebkh‗, plr` lxbstlc cuglr`shs phtlcphtlc tls phrh lo us` klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Hquç uch plquløh obsth kl homuchs1 Hcsâpd` c` tôxbd` Yhrh d`gehr hglehs lc nughc`s (Yht. ;94<;>4 / 82==) (Yht.;526895 / 82>8) D`ctrh klglcdbh dhushkh p`r sbkh (Yht. <>==555 /8222) Yhrh du durhr lc lcflrglkhkls kl kl pb pblo, kl kl t` t`k` p p` (Yht. ;= ;=4=49= / 82>>) Yhrh klsbcfldthr shcmrl vbvh (Yht. <982;95/ 8228) Yhrh durhr nlrbkhs gès rèpbkhglctl (Yht. <><<255 / 8222) Yhr hrhh t`k t`k` ` p` p` kl du dubk bkhk hk` ` `rho `rho … Yr`d Yr`dtl tlrr & Mhg Mhgeo eoll (Yht (Y ht.. 65< 65<84 84=5 =5E8 E8 / 59 5998 98)) D`ctrh bcflddb`cls dhushkhs p`r ehdtlrbhs (Yht. <5<54;4 / 8224) [rhthgblct` kl qulghkurhs mrhvls Yhrh rlmlclrhdbôc kl tuâthc` lc nuls`s (Yht. ;48=>8;/ 82>5) (Yht. ;><8555 /82>2) 6= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [rhthgblct` Hoznlbglr, klglcdbh ltd… (Yht. >952>56E5 /5988) Yhrh ls lsguohr lo lo sbstlgh bcgucl lc hcbghols (Yht. 6922><< /5999) Lsg Ls guo uohc hctl tl klo klo sbs sbstl tlgh gh bcg bcguc uc`o `oôm ômbd bd` ` … Eb` Eb`xy xy.. Bcd. Bcd. (Yht (Y ht.. <>49 <>49<8 <88 8 / 822> 822>)) Lsth obsth hpobdhdb` cls dhkh kçh. c` lstè d`gpolth yh qul lxbstlc gudnhs gès y culvhs hpobdhdb`- Ulduplrhdb`cls d`cfbrghkhs p`r phdblctls °Xul sl nh `eslrvhk`0 Oh sbmublctl obsth bcd`gpolth lstè lohe`rhkh h phrr kl o`s l-ghbos qul nl rldbebk` kl plrs`chs qul ushr`c v`oucthrbhglctl lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, k`ckl gl lxpobdhehc dôg` sl nheçhc rlduplrhk` kl lcflrglkhkls kl t`k` p`, `frldblck` su pr`pb` tlsg`cb`. Ue 1 Hesdls`s klcthols, hdbklz lst`ghdho, hdcâ, homuchs kbheltls, homuc`s dhs`s kl lcflrglkhk dloçhdh, homuc`s dhs`s kl tuelrduo`sbs, homuc`s pr`eolghs kl d`rhzôc, homuc`s p`s kl dècdlr, homuc`s p`s kl phrèsbt`s, hcsblkhk, hrtrbs, hrtrbs rlhdvh, hsgh, ehelsbh, ehrt`clooh ehrt`clooh,, er`gnbkr`sbs, er`cqubs, erubsl, dhohgerls, dhs`s kl `stl`cldr`sbs kl oh ghckçeuoh, dhsph, dohgbkbh, d`olstlr`o, d`obs uodlr`sh, d`ctusb`cls, durh ` ho glc`s gla`rh gudn` lo oupus, durh ` hyukh h gla`rhr oh lsdolr`sbs gñopol, dècdlr kl pblo, dècdlr kl lstôghm`, dècdlr kl ghgh, dècdlr kl pblrch, dècdlr dècdlr kl kl prôsthth, prôsthth, dècdlr kl r`bkls, dèckbkh, klebobkhk, klg`klx, klcmul, klprlsbôc, klshrrlmo`s klo dbdo` glcstruho, kbhrrlh, kbflrlctls p`s kl phrèobsbs, kbvlrduobs, k`o`r hek`gbcho, k`o`r kl hrduohdb`cls, k`o`r kl lsphokh, k`o`r kl ghckçeuoh, k`o`r kl gulohs, k`o`rls kl dhelzh, k`o`rls lc ohs pblrchs, k`o`rls gusduohrls, k`o`r obcfèd`, lddlgh, lklgh, lobgbch ehdtlrbhs, lck`dhrkbs, lcflrglkhk kl Dr`nc, lcflrglkhk kl Oygl, lcflrglkhkls kl Ta`mrlc, lcslgh, lcvlclchgblct`s, LpstlbcEhrr, lrupdb`cls, lst`ghs, ls-trløbgblct`, er`gbhombh, lerl, lgh, mhcmrlch, mrbpl, nhobt`sbs, nlphs E, nlphs D, nlrpls, nlrpls mlcbtho, n`cm`s, bcflddb`cls lc mlclrho, bcflddbôc eudho, bcflddbôc kl oh pblo, bcflddbôc klo trhdt` urbchrb`, bcflddbôc kl `çk`, bcflddbôc kl rbøôc, bcflddbôc kl vlabmh, bcflddbôc lc o`s slc`s, bcflddbôc p`r lstho`d`d`s, lstho`d`d`s, bchghdbôc kl oh vlsçduoh ebobhr, bcs`gcb`, bct`xbdhdbôc hobglcthrbh, hobglcthr bh, bct`xbdhdbôc gltèobdh, bct`xbdhdbôc p`r ñ`r ñ`r,, bct`x bct`xbdhdbôc bdhdbôc p`r glrdurb`, bct`x bct`xbdhdbôc bdhdbôc p`r po`g`, m`th, olbsnghcbhsbs, obcf`gh, oohmhs, ghoh kbmlsôc, ghohrbh, gla`rh G`rmloo`cs, 6> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 gla`rh VBN / TBKH, gbmrhøhs, gb`phh, gud`sbkhk chsho, chuslhs, cldr`sbs, clug`cbs, cbleoh glctho, `estruddbôc drôcbdh puog`chr, `o`r d`rp`rho, `stl`hrtrbs, phrjbcs`c, phrèsbt`s, phrèsbt`s, pârkbkh kl glg`rbh, kl pls`, `elsbkhk, pbdhkurh kl hrhøh clvhb, pbdhkurhs pbdhkurhs kl hcbghols, pbdhkurhs kl bcsldt`s, pbl kl htolth, pb`rrlh, pohdh hrtlrbho, pr`eolghs dbrduoht`rb`s, pr`eolghs kl hukbdbôc, pr`eolghs kl lstôghm`, pr`eolghs kl pblo vhrb`s, pr`eolghs lc ohs suprhrrlchols, pr`eolghs lc o`s `a`s, pr`eolghs rlspbrht`rb`s, prurbt` c`kuohr, ps`rbhsb ps`rbhsbs, s, qulghkurhs s`ohrls, s`ohrls , qulrht`sbs hdcbdh, qulrht`sbs s`ohr, qubstls, rlua` èdbk`, shcmrhk` kl ohs lcdçhs, slcsbebobkhk quçgbdh gñopol, suk`rhdbôc lxdlsbvh, sçobs, sçckr`gl kl fhmh drôcbdh (TFD), sçckr`gl kl bctlsc` plrglheol, sçckr`gl klo bctlsc` brrbtheol, sçckr`gl kl Ulbtlr, p`s kl dèoduo` ebobhr, p`s kl fhmh, r`bkls, [GA / [GK, t`s, trhst`rc` kl kâdbt kl htlcdbôc, trhst`rc` kl lstrâs p`strhugèd`, tug`rls, vhsduobs, vlrrumhs, vlrrumhs mlcbthols (VYN), vlrrumhs pohcthrls, vbrus, holrmbhs, vbrus klo phpbo`gh nughc`, vôgbt`s, ñodlrh kl pblrch kbheâdh, kbsct`s p`s kl ñodlrhs. ‟¡L …!‗ vhc h kldbr gudn`s hn`rh, s`erl t`k` sb s`c gâkbd`s u `tr`s pr`flsb`chols kl oh shouk. O` tlcm` qul hkgbr, h gç thgebâc gl phrldbô hom` t`thoglctl hesurk` y fulrh kl t`kh oômbdh. Tbc lgehrm` nl p`kbk` vbvlcdbhr y` gbsg` oh lxplrblcdbh, yh qul tuvl hrtrbs lc gbs ghc`s, oh duho gl bgplkçh g`vlrohs eblc nhsth tho puct` qul c` p`kçh olvhcthr uch shrtâc kl ghclrh c`rgho. H trhvâs kl gb lxplrblcdbh pr`pbh kl rlduplrhdbôc d`gpolth kl oh hrtrbs, qul lxpobquâ lc gb prbglr ober` ‟DKT1 Oh shouk ls p`sbeol‗, gl `durrbô o` qul prltlckçh lxpobdhr lc lo dhpçtuo` hctlrb`r d`c o`s `ealt`s v`ohk`rls c` bklcdhk`s. Nheçh vbst` y lxplrbglcthk` lc gb pr`pbh pblo, qul lsth susthcdbh lrh dhphz kl hyukhrgl h durhr hom` qul sl d`csbklrheh bcdurheol. Tblck` uc holgèc t`zuk` d`g` s`y, 1) lvbklctlglctl yh c` gl pukblr`c d`cvlcdlr kl o` d`ctrhrb`, y klkbquâ hø`s h bcvlsmhr lo fucdb`chgblct` klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` y sus p`sbebobkhkls tlrhpâudhs. Lstl ober` ls frut` kl gb eñsqulkh l bcvlsmhdbôc klo dôg` y lo p`rquâ kl lsth susthcdbh. HN @UH HN@U H [B [BLC LCLL K@T @YDB@ @YD B@CL CLT… T… TLM TLM\B \BU U OLRLCK OLRL CK@ @ @ [B [BUH UHU U LT[ LT[LL OB OBEU EU@ @ H OH EHT\UH. Y\LK@ MHUHC[BQHU X\L [@K@ VH [LCLU \CH L^YOBDHDBÔC R, O@ GLA@U KL [@K@, OH L^YOBDHDBÔC LT G\R OÔMBDH, HTÇ X\L HD@GYÈØ HD@ GYÈØLG LGLL LC L C LT[ L T[LL VBH V BHAL AL LG LG@D @DB@ B@CH CHC[ C[LL KL K L OH O H THO\ T HO\K K YU@N Y U@NBE BEBK BKH. H. 62 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Nldn`s d`c`dbk`s klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` D`g` ho phrldlr oh susthcdbh hdvh kl t`khs ohs ‟rlgbsb`cls lsp`ctèclhs‗ glcdb`chkhs gès hrrbeh ls lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, vhol oh plch hprlcklr gès s`erl sus pr`pblkhkls eèsbdhs, hsç qul vhg`s h bcvlsmhr hn`rh uc p`d`. 8. Nhoolr AF, AF, C`rtnmrhvls ]]. ]]. 82<<. Dno`rbcl kb`xbkl hck shflty. shflty. [HYYB [HYYB A`urcho 4>1822-595. 5. Khonhgc [. [. 82<=. Dno`rbcl kb`xbkl. HGH Hrdn Hrdn Bck Nlhotn 8<(5)1 8<(5)1 898-89=. 4. Tnb O, ^bl D. 8222. Lxplrbglctho `eslrvh`c `c hdutl t`xbdbty t`xbdbty hck brrbthvl brrbthvl lldt `f stheol dno`rbcl kb`xbkl. Qn`cmmu` Qn`cmm u` ^bh`kuxul Q. 86(8)142-;9. ;. Obc AO, Obg YT. 8224. Hdutl s`kbug dno`rbtl dno`rbtl p`bs`cbcm hss`dbhtlk wbtn rlcho fhbourl. Ulc Fhbo 8<(;)16;<-6;>. <. Oueelrs AU, Dnhunhc T, Ebhcdnbcl AU. 82>8. D`ctr`oolk D`ctr`oolk dobcbdholvhou`c dobcbdholvhou`css `f dno`rbcl kb`xbkl, dno`rbtl hck dno`rhtl bc ghc, Fuckhg H. [`xbd`o 8144;44>. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` d`gpulst` (Do@5) c` ls uc klsduerbgblct` rldblctl. Nugpnry Khvy nbz` lo mhs lc 8>8; ho rlhddb`chr èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` d`c do`rht` kl p`thsb`. Lc o`s ñog`s hø`s, sl uobzh lo èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` phrh oh pr`kuddbôc kl mrhckls dhckhkls kl kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Lc oumhr klo do`rht` kl p`thsb`, c`rghoglctl sl uobzh do`rbt` kl s`kb` (ChDo@5). Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` (Do@5) ls uc mhs sbctâd` qul c` `durrl kl ghclrh chturho. Kbsulot` lc hmuh lcl uc d`o`r hghrboolct`-vlrk`s`, d`c uc `o`r brrbthctl phrldbk` ho do`r`. Hucqul lo `o`r ls guy phrldbk`, lo kbôxbk` ls guy kbflrlctl ho lolglct` klo do`r` lc sç, thct` lc lstrudturh quçgbdh d`g` lc duhct` h su d`gp`rthgblct`, p`rqul ls uc d`gpulst` clutr` klo do`r`, qul c` sl d`gebch fèdboglctl d`c `trhs susthcdbhs. Oh dohvl kl lsths rlduplrhdb`cls kl kbscths lcflrglkhkls, h phrr klo us` kl uch ñcbdh susthcdbh (lo kbôxbk` kld`gñc do`r`) ylcd`crghkhs tlsg`cb`s, ls qul klel nhelr ‟hom`‗ lc t`khs loohs. p`r dblct`s kl Yhrh d`glczhr, sl trhth kl uc `xbkhctl, ls kldbr, kl uch susthcdbh qul fhdbobth oh d`geusôc p`rqul høhkl `xçmlc` h t`k`s o`s pr`dls`s, h kbflrlcdbh kl `tr`s glkbdhglct`s qul nhebtuhoglctl fucdb`chc lcvlclchck` h o`s phtômlc`s. Lo `xçmlc` c` sl hduguoh lc lo dulrp` y p`r o` thct` ls uc pr`dls` fèrghd`kbcègbd` guy kbflrlctl. Oh `xbkhdbôc, hklgès, ls uobzhkh kl ghclrh sbgbohr y chturho p`r culstrhs dâouohs kl klflcsh, d`g` o`s clutrôo`s lc lo pr`dls` kl fhm`dbt`sbs, qul c` ls `trh d`sh qul lcmuoobr y d`geus`chr ho lclgbm` (kbdn` kl ghclrh sbgpol). Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc rlhobkhk ls uc mhs kl d`o`r hghrboolct` nhsth hghrboolct` r`abz`, qul lvhp`rh lc kbsulot` lo hbrl, sblc oh hmuh tlgplrhturh lstè p`rylcdbgh kl o`s 88 ¹D.slD`g` mhs,rèpbkhglctl duhck` c` lstè ls guy rlhdv` pulkl dhushr uch klhmrhdbôc sb oh d`cdlctrhdbôc ls guy hoth y oh prlsbôc klo mhs lstè =9 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 p`r lcdbgh klo 89%. Âsth ls oh rhzôc p`r oh duho lc oh bckustrbh, nhebtuhoglctl sl fherbdh lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc lo oumhr k`ckl sl cldlsbth. Oh bckustrbh trhehah d`c lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc lo eohcqul` kl phplo, k`ckl sl uobzh kl ghclrh guy d`cdlctrhkh y lc mrhckls dhckhkls, d`caucthglctl d`caucthglctl d`c do`rht` sôkbd`. @tr` kl o`s ghy`rls us`s h cbvlo bckustrbho, ls lc oh klsbcflddbôc kl hmuhs pñeobdhs, d`c lo c kl drlhr hmuh p`theol shoukheol y slmurh phrh oh bcmlsôc nughch. Ls uc klsbcfldthctl thc ldhz, qul sl uobzh thct` phrh oh klsbcflddbôc kl hobglct`s, d`g` bcdous` phrh oh klsd`cthgbchdbôc kl hrghs eb`oômbdhs kl us` gbobthr, d`g` lo èctrhx (dhreucd`). Klebk` h oh dhphdbkhk kl lobgbchr vbrus, n`cm`s l bcdous` lsp`rhs, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls uch susthcdbh lxdlolctl phrh lo ohvhk` kl vlmlthols: ls slmur` uobzhro` y dugpol d`c ohs rlmuohdb`cls hobglcdbhs. Tl uobzh lc ohs ghczhchs phrh lobgbchr obstlrbh y oh ehdtlrbh L. d`ob, lc phthths d`ctrh oh dhsph kl phthth y, lc dçtrbd`s, d`ctrh lo g`n` vlrkl y oh putrlfhddbôc hghrmh. Lc lo hmuh kl pbsdbfhdt`rçh, d`ctrh oh hclgbh bcflddb`sh klo shogôc y oh cldr`sbs phcdrlèdh bcflddb`sh. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls oh gla`r `pdbôc kl oh bckustrbh kl hobglct`s (hkbv` hut`rbzhk` 7 L256) klebk` h qul lcl uch guy ehah t`xbdbkhk rlsbkuho y nh klg`strhk` qul ls uc d`gpulst` slmur`, duhck` ls ushk` hklduhkhglctl. \c` kl o`s hspldt`s gès bgp`rthctls ls qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls lxtrlghkhglctll s`oueol lc hmuh sbc drlhr lcohdls quçgbd`s, ls kldbr lxtrlghkhglct kldbr,, ls uc mhs qul rlhoglctl sl kbsulovl p`r d`gpolt` lc lo hmuh. Lst` ls klebk` h qul tblcl uch lstrudturh g`olduohr lxtrlghkhglct lxtrlghkhglctll phrldbkh h oh g`oâduoh klo hmuh y p`r âsth y `trhs rhz`cls gès, sl kbsulovl d`gpolthglctl. \ch vlz qul lstè kbsulot` lc lo hmuh thgebâc ls dhphz kl rlhddb`chr rèpbkhglctl d`c `tr`s d`gp`clctls, s`erl t`k` sb s`c kl pN èdbk`s. Duhck` lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` rlhddb`ch lc lo hmuh, obelrh `xçmlc` p`r uc ohk` y p`r lo `tr` ohk` f`rgh lo b`c kl do`rbt` (Do@ 5-). Lo b`c ls uch g`oâduoh qul lstè loâdtrbdhglctl dhrmhkh, d`g` sb fulrh uch ehtlrçh, y lc culstr` dhs` lo b`c kl do`rbt` oolvh uch dhrmh loâdtrbdh clmhtbvh y thgebâc ls guy rlhdtbv`. Lo b`c kl do`rbt`, qul tblcl uch dhrmh clmhtbvh, eusdh phrh d`gplcshrsl uch dhrmh p`sbtbvh, phrh slr lstheol. Lc culstr` dhs`, ls lo s`kb`, y o` qul tlclg`s lct`cdls, ls do`rbt` sôkbd`. Tb lst` h su vlz o` v`ovlg`s h kbs`ovlr lc hmuh, sl f`rghc b`cls kl do`rbt` l b`cls kl s`kb`. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, ho slr guy rlhdv`, ls dhphz kl lxtlrgbchr phtômlc`s lc lo hmuh hmuh h trhvâs kl uc pr`dls` oohghk` oohghk` `xbkhdbôc. `xbkhdbôc. Tl dhoduoh qul lc Lsthk`s \cbk`s uc`s 85 gboo`cls kl plrs`chs lstèc lxpulsths ho kbôxbk` kl do`r` ho b`c do`rbt` lo hmuh p`theol, sbc lfldt`skbhrbhglctl hkvlrs`s nhsth oh fldnh. Lxbstly bcdous` homñc lc dhs` k`duglcthk` kl s`erlk`sbdhdbôc hddbklctho lc uc puleo` kl Dnbch, kurhctl uc lgp` =8 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh pr`o`cmhk`, qul thgp`d` tuv` cbcmuch rlplrdusbôc clmhvh lc târgbc`s kl shouk. @tr` hspldt` bctlrlshctl klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, ls qul rlhddb`ch bcdous` d`c oh ouz uotrhvb`olth y oh ouz s`ohr, d`cvbrâck`sl lc1 do`r`, mhs y `xçmlc`, y âsth ls oh rhzôc p`r oh qul klel slr ghctlcbk` ola`s kl oh ouz s`ohr y uotrhvb`ol uotrhvb`olth. th. Ohs e`tloohs kl drbstho ghrrôc s`c ohs gès hklduhkhs yh qul ohs e`tloohs trhcsphrlctls ` kl drbstho hzuo klahc phshr oh ouz uotrhvb`olth, y ls dhphz kl nhdlr rlhddb`chr lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Tb sl bcmblrl lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, rèpbkhglctl rlhddb`ch d`c phtômlc`s èdbk`s obelrhck` `xçmlc` y f`rghck` b`cls kl do`rbt`, qul klspuâs sl d`cvblrtlc lc b`cls kl do`rur`, ls kldbr kldbr,, oh sho d`gñc. Culstr` dulrp` glthe`obzh lsth gçcbgh dhckhk lc sho sbc cbcmñc pr`eolgh, yh qul t`k`s culstr`s ubk`s s`c shobc`s. Kl nldn`, culstr` dulrp` pblrkl sho kl ghclrh d`csthctl ho `rbchr y sukhr. °Xuâ sl shel0 Tl shel qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls lo gla`r klsbcfldthctl d`c`dbk`, yh qul ls dhphz kl lobgbchr thct` ehdtlrbhs, n`cm`s y vbrus, d`g` phrèsbt`s kl thghø` plqulø`, lc uc hgpob` rhcm` kl pN. Tl oolvh uobzhck` nhdl >9 hø`s phrh klsbcfldthr klsbcfldt hr lo hmuh p`theol, sbc nhelr dhushk` pr`eolghs lc t`k`s lst`s hø`s. Tl uobzh lc oh bckustrbh kl ghclrh hgpobh, phrh klsbcflddbôc. [hgebâc sl uobzh phrh lo eohcqul` kl phplo, plr` lc d`cdlctrhdb`cls lxtrlghs qul c` lclc chkh qul vlr d`c oh k`sbs kl bcmlsôc. [hgp`d` ls o` gbsg` oh d`cdlctrhdbôc klo èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` kl culstr` lstôghm` oh d`cdlctrhdbôc ho 4=% y oh klo èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` bckustrbho…, sb c`s m`tlhrhd`c lcdbgh kl oh pblo, oh kbs`ovlrçh bcsthctèclhglctl. Oh rhzôc klo us` klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, ls qul c` klstruyl oh lstrudturh qul eohcqulh, ls kldbr, c` ls hmrlsbv` d`c oh susthcdbh ehsl, bcdous` lc hoths d`cdlctrhdb`cls. Lo lfldt` p`sbv` klo DK lstè ehshk` lc mrhc phrtl p`r su dhphdbkhk phrh f`rtholdlr lo sbstlgh bcguc`oômbd` kl culstr` dulrp`, c` s`o` p`r oh `xbkhdbôc kl o`s phtômlc`s, sbc` thgebâc p`r `tr`s lfldt`s gès d`gpola`s lxpobdhk`s ho cho kl lstl ober`. [hgebâc ls guy bgp`rthctl su p`klr phrh hp`rthr `xçmlc` h ohs dâouohs. D`g` rlmoh mlclrho sl pulkl kldbr, qul duhct` gès lcflrg` sl lstâ, gès p`d` h p`d` sl k`sbdhrè. Lc lstl pr`dls` kl `xbkhdbôc, nhy qul lctlcklr qul o`s rlsbku`s lclc qul slr lobgbchk`s p`r lo `rmhcbsg`. =5 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 Yhrtl kl sus p`sbeols lfldt`s ‟clmhv`s‗ slrçhc ohs g`olshs klrbvhkhs kl ohs lobgbchdb`cls p`r phrtl klo `rmhcbsg`, kl o`s rlsbku`s kl o`s phtômlc`s y `tr`s hmlctls khøbc`s qul nhc qulkhk` klstrubk`s. Tl hd`cslah lgplzhr sblgprl d`c k`sbs ehahs, ohs qul phuohchglctl sl p`krèc bcdrlglcthr, phrh hsç br lobgbchck` lobgbchck` ls`s rlsbku`s pr`mrlsbvhglctl pr`mrlsbvhglctl y sbc g`olshs. Duhct` gès lcflrgh sl lcdulctrl oh plrs`ch, gès dhrmhkh kl rlsbku`s tôxbd`s lsthrè, y lsth ls oh rhzôc phrh bcdrlglcthr oh k`sbs p`d` h p`d`, d`c plrs`chs qul sufrhc lcflrglkhkls mrhvls. Tl pulkl kldbr qul oh k`sbdhdbôc, klplckl gès klo mrhk` kl shouk, qul klo pls` kl oh plrs`ch. plrs`ch. Oh g`oâduoh kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` (Do@5) qulkh klstrubkh p`r oh rlhddbôc quçgbdh1 lo `xçmlc` (@5) obelrhk` sl ucl ` eblc d`c nbkrômlc` (N) phrh f`rghr hmuh (N5@) ` eblc d`c dhre`c` (D) phrh f`rghr kbôxbk` kl dhre`c` (D@5). Lo b`c clutrho kl do`r` sl ucl h s`kb` phrh khr oumhr h oh sho d`gñc (ChDo). °Yulkl durhr t`k`0 °Ls dblrt` qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` pulkl durhr t`k`0 Xublr` klahr dohr` hquç qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` c` pulkl durhr t`khs ohs lcflrglkhkls, lcflrglkhk ls, s`erl t`k` uch kl ohs pl`rls lcflrglkhkls kl oh nughcbkhk1¡Oh lstupbklz…! Tôo` lo dulrp` pulkl durhr lcflrglkhkls, y lxbstlc nlrrhgblcths qul ol hyukhc h rlhobzhr lsth ohe`r, duhck` c` ls dhphz kl nhdlro` lxdousbvhglctl p`r sç gbsg`. Abg hrgô lc su ober`, qul d`c lo GGT sl pulklc durhr t`k`s o`s dècdlrls… lvbklctlglctl c` ls hsç, yh qul sl trhth kl uch lcflrglkhk d`gpolah, d`c gudnhs dhushs, y hklgès lxbstlc gudn`s p`s. Tâ qul âo o` kba` kl t`k` d`rhzôc, duhck` ho prbcdbpb` sl p`kçh vlr qul oh mlctl sl rlduplrheh, y o` qul sç ls dblrt`, ls qul gudnhs plrs`chs sl nhc rlduplrhk` d`gpolthglctl kl dècdlrls tlrgbchols, plr` c` ls o` gbsg` kldbr gudnhs qul t`khs. @trh d`sh bgp`rthctl, ls qul lc `dhsb`cls sl d`cfucklc o`s târgbc`s quçgbd`s, ols `durrl bcdous` h pr`flsb`chols gâkbd`s. Oh susthcdbh ehsl prldurs`rh phrh nhdlr kbôxbk` kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls lo do`rbt` sôkbd`. ¡C` ls nbp`do`rbt`! Nbp`do`rbt` ls olaçh, ` thgebâc oohghkh ohvhckbch, qul ls uch susthcdbh ushkh phrh lo eohcqul` kl oh r`ph sblck` `trh susthcdbh quçgbdh kbscth ho kbôxbk` kl do`r`. =4 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh T`erl t`k`, h homuc`s glkb`s kl d`gucbdhdbôc slcshdb`chobsths, slcshdb`chobsths, ols lcdhcth shdhr lsth d`cdousbôc, yh qul oh p`oâgbdh ls lo vlnçduo` kl vlcth kl su pr`mrhgh. Duhcth gès p`oâgbdh, gès hukblcdbh y gès bcmrls`s p`r pueobdbkhk, c` bgp`rth lo d`ctlcbk`. Âst`s gbsg`s glkb`s kl d`gucbdhdbôc slcshdb`chobsths, pulklc uc kçh bckudbr h qul homublc t`gl olaçh phrh durhrsl, klebk` h sus hesurkhs hrghdb`cls. C`do`rht`, ols duop`, phrtlsusthcdbh kl oh „gètrbx‒ lcgès qulhmrlsbvh vbvbg`s.qul lo do`rbt` [hgp`d` ls quls`c ls `trh gudn` sôkbd`. Kl nldn`, su c`glcdohturh quçgbdh ls ChDo@4. Tl shel qul lo do`rht` dhush kbhrrlhs y h vldls thgebâc bckudl ho vôgbt`. Do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@ (ChDo@5), lo prldurs`r Yhrh pr`kudbr pr`kudbr lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` sl cldlsbthc, lc prbcdbpb`, k`s susthcdbhs1 uch kl loohs ls lo do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@ 5) y oh `trh ls uc èdbk`. Kl nldn` pulkl slr dhsb uc èdbk` duhoqublrh, yh slh èdbk` dçtrbd`, èdbk` oèdd`, èdbk` f`sfôrbd`, ebsuot`, vbchmrl… y uc ohrm` ltdâtlrh. Yhrh qul c` nhyh cbcmñc rlsbku` p`stlrb`r lc oh rlhddbôc, lo gla`r èdbk` sbc kukh homuch ls lo èdbk` do`rnçkrbd`, d`c oh sbmoh quçgbdh NDo. Yhrh qul lo oçqubk` rlsuothctl tlcmh uc pN clutr` hklduhk` horlklk`r kl pN=, lstl èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` klelrçh tlclr uc vho`r kl d`cdlctrhdbôc klo ;%. Hucqul lo vho`r tâdcbd` (lst`dèsd`) kl d`cdlctrhdbôc klo èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` klelrçh slr gès hot` lc tl`rçh, nl kldbkbk` ushro` ho ;%, yh qul lo lstôghm` lcl lo gbsg` p`rdlcthal kl èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` p`r chturhol chturholzh, zh, y sl pr`kudl uch rlhddbôc slduckhrbh gès olcth qul plrgbtl uc lfldt` gès pr`o`cmhk` y suhvl, nhdblck` gès fèdbo su hes`rdbôc sbc lfldt`s hkvlrs`s. Lo DK d`csth kl k`s d`gp`clctls guy heuckhctls y ehrht`s1 do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@5) y èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` d o`rnçkrbd` (NDo), qul duhck` sl aucthc pr`kudlc uc mhs oohghk` kbôxbk` kl do`r` (Do@5). H lsth glzdoh sblgprl sl ol høhkl hmuh, nhebtuhoglctl lctrl 899 h 599 go, phrh choglctl slr bcmlrbk`. Ho slr guy nbkr`s`oueol, ohs gud`shs o` hes`relc fèdboglctl y hsç lo mhs klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` (Do@5) pulkl plcltrhr lc lo tlabk` bctlrsdbho. Lstl mhs kbsulot` lc hmuh, mlclrh uc p`tlctl lfldt` klsbcfldthctl sloldv`, qul lobgbch p`r `xbkhdbôc h t`k`s o`s hmlctls phtômlc`s kl pN èdbk` y prlflrbeolglctl hchlrôebd`s, qul sl lcdulctrhc lc lo dulrp`, plr` kbsdrbgbchck` ohs dâouohs y ehdtlrbhs sbgebôdhs qul tlclg`s, klebk` h su pN gès hot`. O` o`mrh p`r lo kbflrlcdbho klo pN kl oh shcmrl d`rp`rho qul ls ~=,4 h ~=,;, yh qul duhct` gès èdbk` ls lo phtômlc`, gès fulrtl ls lo p`tlcdbho kl oh `xbkhdbôc (sl rbml slmñc lduhdb`cls kl Clrcst). =; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 °Dôg` sl nhdl0 Dô e çq vâ v1 Oh bckustrbh uobzh do`rbt` kl s`kb`, qul ls lo prldurs`r, nhebtuhoglctl kl f`rgh oçqubkh kbsuloth. O` qul sl pulkl d`gprhr lc oçqubk` nhebtuhoglctl lstè horlklk`r klo 5; ho 5<%, klplckblck` klo p`ov` ehsl. Yhrh prlphrhr uch s`oudbôc hdu`sh kl do`rbt`, sbgpolglctl sl uobzh lo 49%. 8 obtr` kl hmuh 7 uc jbo`, lo 49% s`c 499 m Yhrh kbs`ovlr kbs`ovlr lo do`rbt` lc lo hmuh p`r o` thct` sl uobzhc =99 m kl hmuh y 499 m kl do`rbt` lc p`ov` ho >9%. Oh rlsuothctl ls uch s`oudbôc hdu`sh ho 5;%. Yhrh nhdlr `trhs dhckhkls kl kbs`oudb`cls, sbgpolglctl sl uobzh oh rlmoh kl trls ghtlgèdh. °Y qâ >9%0 Tlcdboohglctl p`rqul lo 49% kl uch susthcdbh ho >9% ls 5;. Tb kbsp`clg`s kl uc do`rbt` d`c uc p`rdlcthal uc p`qubt` gès d`cdlctrhk`, p`klg`s `etlclr 5<%. Oh kbflrlcdbh c` ls mrhckl, yh qul c` sl trhth kl purlzh, sbc` sbgpolglctl kl d`cdlctrhdbôc. Gudnh mlctl pblcsh qul duhct` gès d`cdlctrhk` gla`r, plr` c` ls hsç. C` bgp`rth gudn` sb tlclg`s uc do`rbt` ho 5<% ` ho 5;% yh qul rlprlslcthh uch gçcbgh phrtl kl uch m`th, gès ` glc`s. rlprlslct °Y qâ 899% z0 Tbgpolglctl p`rqul lo do`rbt` cldlsbth uch ehsl k`ckl sl pulkh hknlrbr, qul ls oh sho d`gñc, thgebâc oohghkh „do`rur` sôkbd`‒ qul ls hpr`xbgh hpr`xbghkhglctl khglctl lo 8< ho 59% klo p`ov` qul d`gprhg`s. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul lo do`rbt` kl s`kb` (ChDo@5) sl `elcl klo do`rht` sôkbd` (ChDo@4) qul ls gudn` gès p`tlctl. Gblctrhs qul oh dhobkhk klo do`rbt` c` ls guy bgp`rthctl phrh phrh lo eohcqul` bckustrbho, sç o` ls phrh oh bckustrbh kl oh p`thebobzhdbôc kl hmuh, yh qul lo do`rht` pr`kudl cèuslhs y kbhrrlhs. Yhrh shelr sb sl lstè d`gprhck` uc do`rbt` kl dhobkhk, nhy qul ahrsl qul lo do`rbt` kl s`kb` lc p`ov` c` suplrl lo 8% kl do`rht` do`rht`,, lc cbcmñc dhs`. =< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Ylrs`choglctl o` vl` gès hklduhk` sb sl pulkl `etlclr klo fherbdhctl kbrldthglctl, kbrldthglct l, lc uch s`oudbôc kl 5; ho 5<%, yh qul glzdohr lc dhsh lo p`ov` lc sç pulkl slr plobmr`s` ho slr d`geurlctl, ls kldbr, fhdbobth lxpo`sb`cls y fulm` hphrtl qulghkurhs quçgbdhs sb lctrh lc lo `a` ` lc ohs vçhs rlspbrht`rbhs, p`r su hoth d`cdlctrhdbôc. \c fherbdhctl kbsp`cl kl ghqubchrbh hklduhkh phrh prlphrhr uchghclahr s`oudbôc kl do`rbt` s`kb`, y hklgès lsahrsl gudnçsbg` gès slmur` lo hdu`sh do`rbt` kbsulot` lc kl hmuh ho 5<%. Nhy qul lc oh rlflrlcdbh kl oh dnh tâdcbdh, qul lo do`rht` sôkbd` c` suplrl lo 8% y thgebâc lc `tr`s d`gp`clctls rlsbkuhols, p`sbeolglctl khøbc`s. Lxbstlc p`r bctlrclt ñoghglctl homuc`s pr`t`d`o`s qul uobzhc lo do`rbt` sôkbd` sbc hdvhr, thgebâc oohghk` ‟ ‗. ‗. Lo pN klo do`rbt` sôkbd` ls lxtrlghkhglctl hodhobc` y p`krçh pr`kudbr qulghkurhs quçgbdhs sb c` lstè hdvhk` klebkhglctl. Lc tl`rçh klelrçh hdvhrsl lc lo lstôghm`, yh qul lstl kbsp`cl kl èdbk` do`rnçkrbd`. Lo pr`eolgh ls qul lc gudnhs plrs`chs lcflrghs, lo èdbk` lst`ghdho yh c` lstè prlslctl kl ghclrh sudblctl, p`r o` thct` oh bcmlsôc kl hoths k`sbs kl do`rbt` sôkbd` sbc hdvhr p`krçh slr plraukbdbho, pr`v`dhck` kbhrrlh y gholsthr. Lc lo dhs` kl qul c` kbspusbârhg`s kl uc èdbk` y sôo` tuvbârhg`s do`rbt` sôkbd`, thgebâc sl p`krçh uobzhr homñc rlfrlsd` d`g` Tprbtl ® d`g` hdvhk`r, yh qul s`c nhebtuhoglctl èdbk`s, d`ctlcblck` èdbk` dçtrbd` ` èdbk` f`sfôrbd` lc su ghy`rçh. Lo lgp` kl rlhddbôc ho hdvhrsl kl lstl g`k` ls lvbklctlglctl gès ohrm`, yh qul lst`s rlfrlsd`s lclc uc vho`r kl hdbklz horlklk`r kl pN 4,<. Lc k`sbs plquløhs kl uch h k`s m`ths kboubk` lc 5<9 go kl rlfrlsd` èdbk`, c` sulol khr pr`eolghs. @xbkhdbôc °Xâ xô0 Lc lstl hphrthk` qublr` lxpobdhr, h mrhckls rhsm`s y kl ghclrh slcdbooh, quâ ls oh `xbkhdbôc, yh qul, lc oh tlrdlrh phrtl klo ober`, o` lxpobdhrâ dblcdhglctl. @xbkhdbôc, lc lo f`ck` sbmcbdh d`geusôc d`geusôc.. Hn`rh… lxbstlc kbflrlctls f`rghs1 • Lalgpo` p`r `xbkhdbôc `xbkhdbôc olcth1 olcth1 duhck` uch uch ghczhch ghczhch sl vulovl vulovl ghrrôc ho d`rthrsl y lctrhr lc d`cthdt` d`c lo `xçmlc`, `xbkhck` su puoph. @tr` lalgpo` slrçh lo ôxbk` kl nblrr`, qul ls uch `xbkhdbôc olcth, plr` dhphz kl klsbctlmrhr lo gltho. • Lalgpo` kl `xbkhdbôc rèpbkh1 uc fulm`, ` uch lxpo`sbôc, lxpo`sbôc, ls uch `xbkhdbôc rèpbkh. =6 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 Chkh gès chdlr lgplzhg`s h rlspbrhr oolchck` culstr`s puog`cls d`c lo `xbkhctl gès heuckhctl klo guck`… ¡lo `xçmlc`!, qul lcl oh fôrguoh @ 5. Lstl `xçmlc` ls lo qul plrgbtl qul p`khg`s vbvbr kl ghclrh hut`sudblctl. Lo `xçmlc` ls lslcdbho phrh culstrh vbkh, yh qul lc prbglr oumhr oolchg`s o`s moôeuo`s r`a`s kl `xçmlc` lc culstr`s puog`cls, y lobgbchg`s ‟lo nug` 5 d`cthgbchctl‗ ho lxnhohr.sbgpolglctl C` nhdlg`squl `trhkld`sh kbscth h oh qulldhz. nhdl duhoqublr g`t`rklo kl D@ d`geusôc, f`rgh gudn` gès Kl nldn`, kurhctl lo pr`dls`, c` sôo` dhpthg`s `xçmlc` y lobgbchg`s lo D@5, thgebâc hodhobcbzhg`s lo dulrp` d`c dhkh rlspbrhdbôc qul nhdlg`s. °Dôg` fucdb`ch lo pr`dls` kl hodhobcbzhdbôc0 Yrbglr`, lxpobdhrlg`s dôg` fucdb`ch lo pN y quâ sbmcbdh lo p`tlcdbho kl nbkrômlc` (pN) lc culstr` dulrp`. Kl ghclrh fèdbo, p`klg`s kldbr qul pN = ls clutr`, gblctrhs qul glc`s kl = ls èdbk` y gès kl = ls hodhobc`. Oh shcmrl lc culstrhs vlchs lcl uc pN kl ~=,48 gblctrhs qul oh shcmrl lc ohs hrtlrbhs duhck` shol kl o`s puog`cls lcl uc pN kl ~=,;8. Ls kldbr, d`c dhkh rlspbrhdbôc lsthg`s hodhobcbzhck` culstr` dulrp`, d`sh bgp`rthcsbgh, yh qul kurhctl lo kçh rlspbrhg`s kl 8<.999 h 5<.999 obtr`s kl hbrl, thct` klspblrt`s d`g` gblctrhs k`rgbg`s, hsç qul lo pr`dls` kl hodhobcbzhdbôc hodhobcbzh dbôc eèsbdhglctl sl pr`kudl p`r glkb` kl oh rlspbrhdbôc. Lst` ls guy bgp`rthctl, yh qul ñoghglctl sl nh p`kbk` ollr lc bctlrclt gudn` s`erl oh hobglcthdbôc hodhobch. C` ls qul qublrh gltlrgl d`c oh cutrbdbôc kl cbcmuch ghclrh, sbgpolglctl nhy qul klahr homuchs d`shs dohrhs. Kurhctl lo kçh pulkl qul d`ghg`s kl <99 h =99 mrhg`s, y t`kh lsth d`gbkh lcl uc pN p`r kleha` kl sbltl, qul sbmcbdh qul ls èdbkh. Tb lct`cdls plshg`s >9 jbo`s ` gès, lst`s p`d`s mrhg`s c` s`c sudblctls phrh hodhobcbzhr hodhobcbzhr ho dulrp`, kl cbcmuch ghclrh. O` qul sç ls dblrt` ls qul, slmñc o` qul d`ghg`s, culstr` glthe`obsg` sl v`ovlrè èdbk` d`c gès fhdbobkhk, yh qul o`s hzñdhrls sb c` o`s `xbkhg`s, drlhc flrglcthdbôc y lsth flrglcthdbôc h su vlz ls èdbkh. Yhrh kldbro` kl ghclrh sbgpol, uc zug` kl ghczhch ho cho sl d`cvblrtl lc vbchmrl sb flrglcth o` sudblctl y sb lcl sudblctl hzñdhr. Lo pr`dls` kl flrglcthdbôc thgebâc obelrh lclrmçh lc f`rgh kl dho`r, plr` ls p`dh, lc d`gphrhdbôc d`c oh `xbkhdbôc. Oh rlohdbôc lc lo dulrp` lctrl hgehs, ls qul oh flrglcthdbôc pr`kudl hpr`xbghkhglctl ; ucbkhkls kl lclrmçh, gblctrhs qul oh `xbkhdbôc pr`kudl 46. Oh kbflrlc kbflrlcdbh dbh ls `evbh. C`s`tr`s s`g`s fulm` y o` s`g`s, obtlrhoglctl, obtlrhoglctl, oh oohgh kl oh vbkh, plr` nhy qul rld`rkhr qul c` nhy fulm` sbc `xçmlc`. V`ovhg`s h o`s moôeuo`s r`a`s, qul sl oolchc kl `xçmlc` lc culstr`s puog`cls. \ch vlz qul lstèc shturhk`s kl `xçmlc`, sholc kl o`s puog`cls nhdbh culstr`s ôrmhc`s, k`ckl obelrhc lstl `xçmlc`. °Ylr` dôg` o` nhdlc, lxhdthglctl0 == [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh O` bctlrlshctl ls qul o`s moôeuo`s r`a`s c` obelrhc lo `xçmlc` lc culstr`s ôrmhc`s kl ghclrh ucbf`rgl, sbc` prbcdbphoglctl k`ckl nhy hdbklz. °Xuâ sbmcbdh0 Yrbglrhglctl, duhck` culstr`s gñsduo`s lalrdlc fulrzh, sl drlh lo èdbk` oèdd`, qul, d`g` kbdl lo c`gerl, ls uc èdbk`. Lc lsths z`chs oh shcmrl obelrh gudn` gès `xçmlc` qul lc ohs z`chs c` èdbkhs, sl dhoduoh hpr`xbghkhglctl 86%qul gès. [hgebâc nhy qul tlclr lcphrh dulcth qul lc oh obtlrhturh obtlrhtu rh dblcdh uc bckbdh oh dâouoh d âouoh uobzh lo `xçmlc` sôo` oh d`geusôc klo hzñdhr (qul ls dhreôc). Ylrs`choglctl, `pbc` qul ls gès d`gpola`, yh qul lo `xçmlc` plrgbtl h trhvâss kl oh `xbkhdbôc (ls kldbr kl oh d`geusôc), drlhr uc lct`rc` gès hodhobc`, trhvâ yh qul oh ghy`rçh kl o`s ôxbk`s (o`s p`klg`s oohghr dlcbzhs) s`c gès hodhobc`s. Kl nldn` o`s ahe`cls hcmuhglctl, sl nhdçhc d`c dlcbzh. Duhck` nhdlg`s lalrdbdb` prhddhck` homñc klp`rtl, prbcdbphoglctl `durrlc trls d`shs lc culstr` dulrp`1 8. X X 5. X zñ zñ 4 X x ‟\c g`glct` ‛vhc h kldbr homuc`s pr`flsb`chols hn`rh gbsg`‛ °R quâ phsh d`c lo lstrâs `xbkhv`0‗ Vhg`s h nheohr kl ls`, kl ghclrh gès lxtlckbkh, ho cho klo ober`, plr` pulk` hklohcthr qul oh tl`rçh klo ‟lstrâs `xbkhv`‗, qul ls uch hcmuh nbpôtlsbs kl Klcnhg Nhrghc kl 82<6 y nh sbk` pr`ehkh fhosh lc gudn`s kl sus hspldt`s, h trhvâs kl o`s trheha`s mhohrk`chk`s kl oh ‟gbt`n`rglsbs‗ klo pr`fls`r Kr. Gbdnhlo Ubst`w, qul klg`strhr`c qul lo lstrâs `xbkhv` h d`rt` pohz` pr`o`cmh oh vbkh, qul ls aust` o` d`ctrhrb` kl o` qul sl nh drlçk` hctlrb`rglctl hctlrb`rglctl.. O` v`y h lxpobdhr kl ghclrh slcdbooh. °Xubâc °X ubâc drll ustlk qul lstè gès shc`, uch plrs`ch qul prhddh lalrdbdb` ` uch plrs`ch d`c uch vbkh slklcthrbh lc lo s`fè0 ‟Lo qul nhdl klp`rtl‗ klp`r tl‗,, gl vhc h d`ctlsthr prèddhglctl t`k`s. t`k`s . Ylr` vhg`s h vlr… sb o`s qul lstèc nhdblck` klp`rtl phshc gudn` gès lstrâs `xbkhv`, slmñc oh tl`rçh hcmuh, klelrçhc lsthr gès lcflrg`s, p`rqul lo `xçmlc` ls lo rhkbdho oberl gès heuckhctl kl culstr` dulrp`… Hnç p`klg`s `eslrvhr oh ghcbpuohdbôc qul sl nh nldn` kurhctl o`s ñog`s <9 hø`s, vlckblck` supolglct`s hc`xbkhctls, p`r vho`r kl gbols kl gboo`cls h kblstr` y sbcblstr`. Tblgprl sl trhth kl o` gbsg`, nhdlr gès kbclr`. \c hc`xbkhctl c` ls `trh d`sh qul uc hphmhfulm`s kbdn` kl ghclrh sbgpol. Yulkl slr ño phrh plrs`chs guy hdhs y hc`râxbdhs, ` gho cutrbkhs. => [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 Ylr` n`y lc kçh culstr` pr`eolgh ls aust` lo d`ctrhrb`, nhy s`erl`flrth hobglcdbh, lc d`gebchdbôc d`c slklcthrbsg` tlolvbsbv`, y lo `xçmlc` c` oolmh h ohs dâouohs phrh oh `xbkhdbôc, qul sbmcbdh d`geusôc. Tbc d`geusôc c` nhy lclrmçh, sbc lclrmçh c` nhy klflcshs, y sbc klflcshs nhy lcflrglkhk. Lxpobdhk` kl ghclrh sbgpol, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ho kbs`dbhrsl obelrh `xçmlc` lc ohsshcmrl, z`chs èdbkhs dulrp`, guy sbgbohr h d`g` o` nhdlc moôeuo`skl r`a`s kl oh plr` klklo f`rgh gudn` gès p`tlctl. Thelg`s qulo`s oh ghy`rçh o`s lcflrglkhkls lcflrglkhk ls lstèc rlohdb`chkhs d`c klghsbhkh hdbklz lc lo dulrp`, thgebâc oohghkh ‟hdbk`sbs gltheôobdh‗. Lstl `xçmlc` obelrhk` rlhddb`ch `xbkhck` o`s d`gp`clctls ` t`xbchs èdbkhs qul lstèc lc oh shcmrl ` lc lo tlabk` bctlrsdbho, k`ckl cb sbqublrh oh shcmrl oolmh. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` d o`r` sl kbsulovl lxtrlghkhglctl eblc lc lo hmuh y p`r o` thct` pulkl rlphrrsl p`r t`k` culstr` dulrp`, qul lc uc =9% ls hmuh. Tb uch plrs`ch plsh 899 jbo`s, s`c =9 jbo`s kl hmuh plr` sôo` 6 o kl shcmrl, qul nhdlc oh fucdbôc kl oçqubk` nbkrèuobd` kl trhcsp`rtl. Lo kbôxbk` sl rlphrtl gudn` gla`r lc lo hmuh y oolmh h z`chs lsd`ckbkhs thgebâc, ho tlabk` bctlrsdbho. Thelg`s qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls sloldv` p`r pN y p`r o` thct` rlhddb`ch d`c t`kh suesthcdbh qul slh gès èdbkh qul lo =,4 klo dulrp` nughc`. [hgebâc [hgebâc shelg`s qul prèddhglctl t`k`s o`s phtômlc`s yh slhc ehdtlrbhs, vbrus, n`cm`s ` plqulø`s phrèsbt`s, s`c gès èdbk`s. Klebk` h su dhphdbkhk sloldvh, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` obelrh lo `xçmlc` aust` k`ckl lstèc o`s phtômlc`s èdbk`s, pr`v`dhck` oh `xbkhdbôc kl o`s gbsg`s. Kbdn` kl ghclrh sbgpol, o`s qulgh. C` lxbstl cbcmuch rlsbstlcdbh p`sbeol h oh `xbkhdbôc, sb ls o` sudblctlglctl p`tlctl. Kl nldn` culstr` dulrp` y lo kl t`k`s o`s klgès vlrtlerhk`s, uobzhc lo gbsg` prbcdbpb` lc lo bctlrb`r kl o`s clutrôo`s, qul s`c ohs dâouohs hslsbchs kl klflcsh kl culstr` sbstlgh bcgucl klskl nhdl gboo`cls kl hø`s. Lsths dâouohs lcmuoolc h o`s lclgbm`s, drlhck` uch `xbkhdbôc qul o`s lobgbch. D`cslmubg`s d`c lstl lfldt` uc lct`rc` gès hodhobc`, d`c glc`s ehdtlrbhs, vbrus u n`cm`s, k`ckl lo dulrp` pulkl rlduplrhrsl y durhrsl kl ghclrh chturho. Oh dhphdbkhk kl `xbkhdbôc sloldvh klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc culstr` `rmhcbsg` ls oh dohvl kl t`k` y y` drl` plrs`choglctl, qul ls uc` kl o`s nhoohzm`s gès mrhckls kl oh nbst`rbh kl oh nughcbkhk, qul pulkl lobgbchr mrhc phrtl klo sufrbgblct` bccldlshrb`, kl ghclrh ldhz y guy ld`côgbdh. Xul lst` qubzès c` d`cdulrkl d`c o`s bctlrlsls kl oh bckustrbh fhrghdâudh, ls `tr` dhpçtuo`… O` bctlrlshctl ls qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` c` sôo` ls sloldv`, thgebâc rlhddb`ch kl ghclrh kbflrlctl d`c dhkh phtômlc`, ls kldbr, duhct` gès èdbkh ls oh ehdtlrbh, gès fulrtl ls oh rlhddbôc quçgbdh kl `xbkhdbôc y duhct` glc`s èdbkh ls, glc`s gl c`s fulrtl ls oh `xbkhdbôc. `xbkhd bôc. Lsth ls oh rhzôc p`r oh qul c` hfldth thct` h ohs ehdtlrbhs sbgebôdhs klo dulrp`, yh qul nhebtuhoglctl lclc uc rhcm` kl pN sbgbohr ho klo dulrp`, y lst` ls o` qul ols plrgbtl slr sbgebôdhs. Yhrh =2 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh qul uch ehdtlrbh pulkh hthdhr h culstr` dulrp`, âsth klel tlclr uc pN gès èdbk` qul lo kl culstrhs dâouohs, ho bmuho qul o`s bghcls. Tb c`s bghmbchg`s k`s bghcls d`c oh gbsgh dhrmh, lo rlsuothk` ls qul sl rlplolc: sôo` sb lclc dhrmhs kbflrlctls, ls kldbr sb uc` ls p`sbv` y lo `tr` clmhv`, sl htrhlc y sl qulkhc plmhk`s. D`c ohs ehdtlrbhs phsh lxhdthglctl o` gbsg`, yh qul lo pN clmhv` ls cldlshrb`, phrh p`klr hthdhr h trhvâs kl kl uc culstr` bctlrdhgeb` kl loldtr`cls, ohs dâouohs kl pN clutr` ` obmlrhglctl hodhobchs dulrp`. Klelg`s nhdlrc`s gudnhs prlmucth prlmucths1 s1 °phrh quâ cldlsbthg`s hc`xbkhctls hc`xbkh ctls hrdbhols0 Nhy phrtls kl oh tl`rçh kl o`s rhkbdhols oberls qul s`c dblrths, sbc lgehrm` c` sl lvhoñh kl ghclrh d`rrldth lo nldn` kl qul o`s rhkbdhols oberls klo `xçmlc` (ohs lspldbls klo `xçmlc` rlhdv` ‟U@T‗) s`c o`s gès heuckhctls lc lo dulrp`. C` nhy fulm` sbc `xçmlc`, lo `xçmlc` ls lo rlsp`csheol kl oh vbkhyhogbsg` lgp` d`cvblrtl t`k` lc dlcbzhs hodhobchs, bgpbkblck` qul culstr` dulrp` sl hdbkbqul. [`k` [`k` ls uch dulsôc kl lquboberb`, p`rqul o` qul sç ls dblrt` ls qul klghsbhk` fulm` c`s qulgh (lst` ls eèsbdhglctl o` qul sl p`stuoh lc oh tl`rçh kl o`s rhkbdhols oberls) plr` eulc`…, °Duèct`s kl ustlkls lstèc d`rrblck` uch ghrhtôc0… Y`d`s, °vlrkhk0 Oh bcglcsh ghy`rçh kl oh nughcbkhk qul nhebth lo nlgbsflrb` c`rtl n`y lc kçh, lcl pr`eolghs kl s`erlpls`, qul ls aust` o` d`ctrhrb`,, y sbmcbdh fhoth kl `xbkhdbôc y kl d`geusôc. d`ctrhrb` Hsç qul p`klg`s rlsugbr o`s plobmr`s klo fulm` (ls kldbr kl oh `xbkhdbôc) klo sbmublctl g`k`1 klghsbhk` fulm` c`s qulgh, gblctrhs qul p`d` c` c`s dhoblcth. \c fulm` d`c fhoth kl `xçmlc` sôo` shdh nug` y lo nug` c`s hsxbh. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul lo nug` rlsuothctl kl oh d`geusôc c`s pulkl khøhr, yh qul c` ls o` gbsg` qulghr homuchs n`ahs kl phplo, qul uch pboh kl clugèd`s. O` gbsg` phsh d`c lo trhthgblct`, duhct` gès lcflrg` sl lstè, gès p`d` h p`d` nhy qul lgplzhr, klebk` h oh mrhc dhckhk kl t`xbchs prlslctls lc lo dulrp`. O`s `xbkhctls O`s `xbkhctls s`c susthcdbhs dhphdls kl hoghdlchr lo `xçmlc` kl ghclrh quçgbdh, d`g` uch ehtlrçh ls dhphz kl hoghdlchr loldtrbdbkhk. loldtrbd bkhk. Lst`s `xbkhctls obelrhc lstl `xçmlc` eha` dblrths d`ckbdb`cls, ls o` qul sl oohgh uch rlhddbôc quçgbdh. Tlmñc oh fulrzh, oh `xbkhdbôc pulkl slr olcth, d`g` p`r lalgpo` duhck` sl `xbkh lo nblrr`, ` pulkl slr guy rèpbkh, d`g` uch lxpo`sbôc. Lc hge`s dhs`s sl trhth kl `xbkhdbôc. @xbkhdbôc c` sbmcbdh qul s`ohglctl lo `xçmlc` sl d`gebch lc lo dulrp` d`c `tr`s lolglct`s. C` sôo` lo `xçmlc` pulkl `xbkhr, thgebâc `trhs susthcdbhs quçgbdhs pulklc nhdlro`, sbc lgehrm`, lo `xçmlc` ls dhphz kl `xbkhr lc lo >9 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 dulrp` d`geuseols d`g` lo hzñdhr ` oh mrhsh phrh mlclrhr dho`r, y ohs dâouohs pulkhc drlhr oh loldtrbdbkhk cldlshrbh phrh qul lo dulrp` y oh glctl fucdb`clc. Yhrh lctlcklr p`r quâ lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc ohs k`sbs hklduhkhs c` khøh ohs dâouohs klo dulrp`, tlclg`s qul lctlcklr prbglr` ohs ehsls kl oh `xbkhdbôc. y lst` lc rlhobkhk, c` ls thc d`gpobdhk` d`g` phrldl. O`s `xbkhctls kl r`ehr loldtr`cls h `trhsklsusthcdbhs Y`klg`s kldbr quls`c o`sdhphdls loldtr`cls s`c d`g` uch lspldbl dlglct` quçgbdhs. loâdtrbd`, qul t`k` o` ghclcl ucbk`. Tb hn`rh sl r`ehc o`s loldtr`cls h oh ghtlrbh, oh d`cstruddbôc sl dhlrçh h tr`z`s, ls d`g` sb qubtèrhg`s lo dlglct` h uch phrlk kl ohkrboo`s. Oh kbflrlcdbh lctrl uc `xbkhctl y `tr` ls su fulrzh, qul thgebâc sl oohgh p`tlcdbho `xbkhv`. Lo `xçmlc` d`g` tho, p`klg`s vlro` d`g` uc lolglct` eèsbd`, qul `xbkh lc lo dulrp` lxhdthglctl o` qul klel `xbkhr y c` hfldth ohs pblzhs vbthols. Hsç qul lst`s `xbkhctls hoghdlchc lo `xçmlc` p`r uc ohk`, y fhdbobthc oh d`geusôc p`r lo `tr` ohk`. Nhy gudn`s kbflrlctls, c` ls cldlshrb` c`gerhr h t`k`s hquç, plr` p`klg`s glcdb`chr homuc`s d`g` p`r lalgpo` lo `z`c` (@4). Lsth g`oâduoh trbpoltl kl `xçmlc` sl uobzh phrh oh obgpblzh kl rlsbku`s lc lo hmuh y ls uch f`rgh lxdlolctl kl klsbcflddbôc, yh qul p`r uc ohk` lcl uc p`tlcdbho fulrtl qul ls 5,9= V, y p`r lo `tr` ohk` c` klah gès rlsbku`s qul `xçmlc`. [hgebâc sl uobzh lc tlrhpbhs: oh tlrhpbh kl `z`c` ls guy d`c`dbkh y nh hyukhk` h gudnçsbgh mlctl h suplrhr sus pr`eolghs kl shouk. Lc tlrhpbhs, lo `z`c` gudnhs vldls sl ush phrh lcrbquldlr lo `xçmlc` lc shcmrl. Tbc lgehrm` klebk` h su p`tlcdbho hot`, c` sôo` hfldth h ohs ehdtlrbhs, sbc` thgebâc h ohs pr`pbhs dâouohs kl oh shcmrl y nhy qul tlclr sug` dubkhk` lc su k`sbdhdbôc y hpobdhdbôc. Lo `z`c` sl d`csugl h trhvâ trhvâss kl oh `xbkhdbôc. @tr` `xbkhctl, uobzhk` lc tlrhpbhs, ls lo plrôxbk` kl nbkrômlc`, nbkrômlc`, thgebâc oohghk` hmuh `xbmlchkh, qul lcl uc p`tlcdbho `xbkhv` kl 8,=> V y thgebâc ls klghsbhk` fulrtl lc târgbc`s tâdcbd`s. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lcl uc p`tlcdbho `xbkhv` kl 9,2< V lc d`ckbdb`cls lstèckhr y hklgès ls sloldv` p`r pN, h kbflrlcdbh kbflrlc dbh kl o`s `tr`s. Yulst`s h lolmbr ls lo gla`r kl t`k`s. C`th1 Gès klthools tâdcbd`s s`erl oh `xbkhdbôc, d`c sus rlspldvhs C`th1 rlflrlcdbhs, rlflr lcdbhs, sl lcdulctrhc ho cho kl lstl ober`, lc oh slddbôc dblcdh. >8 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Yrldhudb`cls Yrldhudb`cls lc lo us` klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ` klo do`rbt` sôkbd`. Yrldhudbôc uc` Hucqul d`clcl ‟do`r`‗ ‟do`r`‗ lc su klc`gbchdbôc, ls guy kbsct` kl nbp`do`rbt` (olaçh), hucqul s`c nhebtuhoglctl d`cfuckbk`s. Duhck` glzdohg`s lo do`rbt` sôkbd` d`c lo èdbk`, mlclrhg`s kbôxbk` kl do`r`, qul sblgprl ls hghrboo` d`c uc `o`r h pbsdbch. Ylr`, sb glzdohg`s nbp`do`rbt` d`c uc èdbk`, sl drlhc mhsls guy fulrtls y tôxbd`s, bcs`p`rtheols. Hklgès oh rlhddbôc drlh ehsthctls eureuahs lflrvlsdlctls, lflrvlsdlc tls, d`sh qul c` `durrl d`c lo do`rbt` sôkbd`. Yrldhudbôc k`s C` bcnhohr kl ghclrh ghsbvh o`s mhsls klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, kurhctl uc lgp` pr`o`cmhk`, pr`o`cmhk`, yh qul pulkl dhushr brrbthdbôc lc oh mhrmhcth mhrmhcth y kbduothkls rlspbrht`rbhs. rlspbrht `rbhs. Lc plquløhs dhckhkls kurhctl erlvl lgp` ls bc`du`, d`g` o` klgulstrhc o`s lstukb`s klo Kr. C`rb` @mhth. Oh k`duglcthdbôc dblcdh s`erl oh t`xbdbkhk klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, sl rllrl lc prbcdbpb` h oh bcnhohdbôc, qul c` ls o` gbsg` qul oh bcmlsôc lc dhckhkls plquløhs, qul ls bc`duh. Yrldhudbôc trls Tblgprl sl høhkl hmuh h oh glzdoh qul sl `elcl duhck` hdvhg`s do`rbt` kl s`kb` d`c lo èdbk`, `etlcblck` lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` kl lsth ghclrh. Cucdh sl uobzh kl f`rgh d`cdlctrhkh. Tb shopbdh hom` kl oçqubk` lcdbgh kl oh pblo ` oh r`ph, nhy qul ohvhro` d`c hmuh heuckhctl. Yrldhudbôc duhtr` ¡C` uobzhr rldbpblctls kl gltho! O`s rldbpblctls kl gltho rlhddb`chc d`c lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, yh qul sl `xbkhc. Lst` bcdouyl ho hdlr` bc`xbkheol, yh qul ls uch holhdbôc qul d`clcl vhrb`s glthols, d`g` cçqulo y dr`g`. Yrldhudbôc dbcd` C` uobzhr m`tlr`s kl m`gh, yh qul âst`s c` lclc sudblctl rlsbstlcdbh ho pN 84 hodhobc` klo do`rbt` sôkbd` y d`c lo lgp`, sl pulkl kbs`ovlr oh m`gh >5 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 lc lo oçqubk`, klahck` phrduohs lc kbs`oudbôc. [hgp`d` s`c hklduhk`s d`g` m`tlr`s yh qul ohs m`ths s`c klghsbhk` mrhckls. Yrldhudbôc slbs Tôo` uobzhr e`tloohs kl m`tlr` `hog`oômbd` klo YY/NKYL/YL. [`k`s lst`s ghtlrbhols s`c rlsbstlctls y s`p`rthc oh hodhobcbkhk y hdbklz (pN 84/pN 8), y ghclclc ohs pr`pblkhkls kurhctl gudn`s hø`s. O`s poèsd`s trhcsphrlctls klo p` YL[ c` s`c rld`glckheols phrh muhrkhr lo do`rbt` sôkbd` d`cdlctrhk` kurhctl lgp`, yh qul h oh ohrmh sl klsbctlmrhc y klahc rlsbku`s lc oh s`oudbôc klo do`rbt` kl s`kb`. Lo YL[ (Y`obtlrlhoht` kl lolc`), d`clcl èt`g`s kl dhre`c` (oh D lc lo kbeua` kl oh Fbm. 8>), qul klebk` h su dlrdhcçh ho `xçmlc` lcl uch klcsbkhk kl loldtr`cls ehah. Ulsuoth slr slcsbeol phrh rlhddb`chr d`c do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@ ) p`r lo pN hot`, y lct`cdls sl klsbctlmrhc d`c lo lgp` ohs dhklchs klo5 p`oçglr`. Fbm. 8>1 Lstruturh g`olduohr klo p`oblrlhoht` kl lolc`. °Dôg` pulk` shelr sb lo do`rbt` do`rbt` kl s`kb` lstè lstè lc gho lsthk`0 Lo bckbdhk`r kl sb lo pr`kudt` lstè gho ls su d`o`r. d`o`r. Tb lo do`rbt`, qul klel slr trhcsphrlctl, klspuâs kl hdvhr sl vulovl oldn`s`, lstè lc gho lsthk`. Lo d`o`r hdvhk` klo DK (GGT), sblgprl klel slr hghrboo`- ègehr trhcsphrlctl, hctls kl rlehahro` d`c hmuh. C` sl klelc uobzhr e`tloohs kl YL[ (e`tloohs kl poèsd` trhcsphrlctl) trhcsphrlctl) d`c lo do`rbt` sôkbd`, sôkbd`, klebk` h su pN84 (sç sl pulklc uobzhr d`c DKT yh qul su pN ls clutr`). Yrldhudbôc sbltl \shr d`g` hdvhk`r lo èdbk` dçtrbd` pulkl pr`v`dhr lc plrs`chs slcsbeols uch hdbk`sbs bctlscho bctlsc ho d`c kbhrrlhs, gholsthr, Dbtr`ehdtlr (uc mâclr` kl ehdtlrbhs qul sl cutrlc klo dbtrht`). Lsth glzdoh glzdoh yh c` sl ush, hucqul ls bmuhoglctl ldhz. >4 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh C`th1 Tç, sl pulkl uobzhr èdbk` dçtrbd` phrh nhdlr DKT, yh qul c` lctrh lc oh glzdoh cho, p`rqul s`ohglctl sl uobzh lo mhs drlhk`. Yrldhudbôc `dn` Yhrh oh clutrhobzhdbôc kl do`rbt` kl s`kb`/kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc dhs`s kl lglrmlcdbh, sl uobzh lstrbdthglctl ebdhre`cht` kl s`kb` y cucdh vbthgbch D (èdbk` hsdôrebd`) d`g` hctls sl rld`glckheh. Lc dhs` kl uch lglrmlcdbh (sb sl nh bcmlrbk` uch dhckhk mrhckl kl do`rbt` kl s`kb` ` kl kbôxbk` kl do`r`), sl t`gh uc vhs` kl 5;9 go kl hmuh d`c uch dudnhrhkbth kl p`strl kl ebdhre`cht` kl s`kb`. D`c ls` sl clutrhobzh lo lfldt` bcglkbhthglctl. Tb sl t`gh vbthgbch D, lo lfldt` klo èdbk` kl lsth, o` qul nhdl ls rlhddb`chr d`c lo do`rbt` kl s`kb` y pr`kudbr kl ghclrh lsp`ctèclh mhs kbôxbk` kl do`r` y ls` c` ls o` qul sl qublrl. °Ls tôxbd`0 \ch kl ohs mrhckls prl`duphdb`cls duhck` t`ghg`s duhoqublr d uhoqublr susthcdbh ` glkbdhglct` ls shelr quâ lfldt` tlckrè tlckrè s`erl culstr` dulrp` lc târgbc`s kl t`xbdbkhk. [`k` pr`flsb`cho kl oh shouk shel qul oh t`xbdbkhk ls uch dulsôc kl dhckhk, yh qul duhoqublr susthcdbh pulkl slr tôxbdh. Ho cho klo ober`, lc o`s kht`s dblcd`s, lctrhrlg`s lctrhrlg`s lc klthool lc lstl tlgh, plr` v`y h nhdlr uc rlsuglc hquç phrh qul sl nhmhc uch bklh mo`eho y rèpbkh. Oh t`xbdbkhk sblgprl klplckl kl oh dhckhk y lo oumhr, hsç qul sb sl bcmblrl uch mrhc dhckhk d`cdlctrhkh, pulkl lxplrbglcthr brrbthdb`cls bcdous` fulrtls, hucqul oh ghy`rçh kl ohs plrs`chs c` sl lxp`ckrèc h dhckhkls sudblctlglctl mrhckls d`g` phrh khøhr plrghclctlglctl su dulrp`. sudblctlglctl Oh bcnhohdbôc ghsbvh sç ls tôxbdh, yh qul `duph lo lsphdb` hovl`ohr. 8. L . H kbflrlcdbh kl `trhs susthcdbhs, sl d`csugl lc lo g`glct` qul rlhddb`ch d`c o`s phtômlc`s. 5. L do`r`, pulkl lxplrbglcthr brrbthdbôc kl mhrmhcth, chrbz y puog`cls. 4. K , , s`c rlvlrsbeols. ;. K 899 hø`s, slc` pulkl d`csbklrhr qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` c` pr`kudl dècdlr, ls kldbr ls dhrdbcômlc`. >; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 8 <. [ rlpr`kuddbôc. Y 1 • C` lxbstlc lxbstlc lfldt`s lck`drbc`oômbd`s, lck`drbc`oômbd`s, hs`dbhk`s d`c oh bcmlsôc bcmlsôc kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc nughc`s. • C` lxbstlc lxbstlc lfldt`s lfldt`s rlohdb`chk`s rlohdb`chk`s d`c lo dhgeb` kl pls` pls` p`r bcmlsôc bcmlsôc kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc nughc`s. • C` lxbstlc lfldt`s bcguc`oômb bcguc`oômbd`s d`s obcfèd`s k`duglcthk`s p`r bcmlsôc kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc nughc`s. • C` lxbstlc lxbstlc lfldt`s lfldt`s clur`oômbd`s clur`oômbd`s hs`dbhk`s p`r p`r oh bcmlsôc kl kbôxbk` kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc nughc`s. • C` lxbstlc lxbstlc lfldt`s lfldt`s lc o`s hphrht`s hphrht`s rlpr`kudt`rls rlpr`kudt`rls p`r oh bcmlsôc kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc nughc`s. • C` lxbstlc lxbstlc lfldt`s lfldt`s k`ckl lo dècdlr pulkh slr hs`dbhk` ho kbôxbk` kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc nughc`s. • C` lxbstlc lxbstlc lfldt`s guthmâcbd`s hs`dbhk`s d`c lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc nughc`s. • C` lxbstlc lxbstlc lfldt`s d`c`dbk`s kl hduguohdb hduguohdbôc ôc klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ` do`rbt` lc nughc`s. • C` nhy dhs` g`rtho k`duglcthk` kl bct`xbdhdbôc bct`xbdhdbôc p`r bcmlsôc kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc oh obtlrhturh dblcdh. Yr`eheolglctl bckudl ho vôgbt` gudn` hctls kl oolmhr h uch dhckhk drçdh p`sbeol p`r bcmlsôc. Lxbstlc dbcd` dhs`s kl bct`xbdhdbôc slvlrh k`duglcthkh d`c lo prldurs`r klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ‛lo do`rbt` sôkbd`‛ kl o`s duhols trls fulr`c bctlct`s , 899 lxpulsths lc lstl ober`. Vlrr lstukb`1 Obc AO, Vl AO , Obg YT. 8224. Hdutl s`kbug dno`rbtl p`bs`cbcm hss`dbhtlk wbtn rlcho fhbourl. Ulc Fhbo 8<(;)16;<-6;. ‟H , … ¡E !…‗ 1) Y.K. Y`r bctlrclt sl glcdb`ch uc dhs` kl gulrtl kl uch turbsth lc Vhchtu p`r k`s m`ths… (klskl nhdl 4 hø`s k`y lsth k`sbs h gbs mht`s kbhrbhglctl y lo rlsuothk` ls qul lstèc lstuplck`s). * * * >< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh >6 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g D 5 Kbgltbosuofôxbk` (KGT@) \c` kl o`s pr`kudt`s gès ldhdls lc lo us` tlrhpâud`, tlrhpâud`, lc d`cauct` d`c lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, ls lo kbglosuofô kbglosuofôxbk` xbk` (KGT@). Tus f`rghs kl hpobdhdbôc s`c1 • • Lxtlrch1 kl ghclrh tôpbdh y hpobdhck` lo KGT@ lc f`rgh kl sprhy. Bctlrch1 h trhvâs kl bcmlsôc, yh qul lsth susthcdbh lcl uch t`xbdbkhk guy ehah y c` ls d`csbklrhkh plobmr`sh. Lo KGT@ sl lxtrhl kl oh puoph kl oh ghklrh, lc rlhobkhk ls uc kbs`ovlctl s`erhctl kl oh bckustrbh phplolrh. [hgebâc ls uch kl ohs susthcdbhs hdvhs klo Ho`l vlrh y sl uobzh phrh pr`tlmlr ôrmhc`s lc trhspohctls, p`r su lsdhsh t`xbdbkhk. Hucqul sblgprl sl klel d`gpr`ehr sb lo phdblctl phkldl uc duhkr` lxtrhø` kl holrmbh (dhs`s guy rhr`s), hpobdhck` uc p`d` kl KGT@ lc lo erhz`, hctls kl kldbkbrsl h t`ghro` p`r vçh `rho. Lo KGT@ htrh htrhvblsh vblsh fèdboglctl oh pblo, ohs glgerhchs gud`shs y oh glgerhch nlght`lcdlfèobdh. O`s lstukb`s rlhobzhk`s lc 8264 rlvlohr`c qul p`kçh hobvbhr lo k`o`r, rlkudbr oh bchghdbôc, bgplkbr lo drldbgblct` ehdtlrbhc`, suhvbzhr lo tlabk` dbdhtrbzhk` dbdhtrbzhk`,, gla`rhr lo sugbcbstr` shcmuçcl`. Ls uc lxdlolctl dhoghctl dhoghctl y rlohahctl gusduohr y hdtñh d`g` frlc` d`ctrh oh bchghdbôc lc lo dulrp`, thgebâc d`g` kburâd`. • Fôrguoh1 D5N6@T • Klsdueblrt` p`r lo rus` Holjshckr Qèbtslv Qèbtslv lc 8>66. \s` glkbdbcho glkbdbcho kbvuomhk` p`r lo Kr. Tthcoly ]. Ahd`e lc 8264. >= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh • Oçqubk` `rmècbd` sbc d`o`r lxtrhçk` d`g` suepr`kudt` lc lo pr`dlshgblct` pr`dlshgblc t` kl oh puoph kl oh ghklrh lc oh fherbdhdbôc klo phplo qul d`clcl suofur`. • H phrr 82;9 sl uobzh d`g` kbs`ovlctl kbs`ovlctl `rmècbd`. • H phrr kl 8268 sl uobzh uobzh d`g` drb`prlslrvhct drb`prlslrvhctll (phrh (phrh trhcspohctls). trhcspohctls). • D`g` glkbdhglct` lstè hut`rbzhk` phrh dbss bctlrsdbho. • Tl uobzh uobzh phrh rlkudbr lo k`o`r y oh bchghdbôc. Hkbdb`choglctl, sl klsduerblr`c gla`rçhs lc o`s sbmublctls sçct`ghs1 k`o`r kl lsmubcdls, t`rdlkurhs, qulghkurhs, hrtrbs, lc nuls`s frhdturhk`s o`s k`o`k`o` rls lrhc lobgbchk`s p`r d`gpolt`, p`sll uc bgp`rthctl fhdt`r fhdt`r lc oh rlmuohdbôc klo sbstlgh bcgucl. Tl nh klg`strhk` qul lo KGT@ lobgbch vbrus y n`cm`s, y pulkl slr ldhz d`ctrh ohs dhthrhths, olsb`cls klp`rvhs, lsdolr`klrgbh, lsd olr`klrgbh, gbhstlcbh mrhvl, y `trhs lcflrglkhkls. Lc lstukb`s d`c plrs`chs d`c lo sçckr`gl kl K`wc, lo rlthrk` glctho sl nh kbsgbcubk` d`csbklrheolglc d`csbklrheolglctl. tl. [hgebâc sl uobzh phrh prlslrvhr lgerb`cls nughc`s ` d`g` d`cslrvhctl kl dâouohs ghkrl, dâouohs kl oh gâkuoh lspbcho y ôrmhc`s phrh trhspohctls. trhspohctls. Lo KGT@ lcl lo rhcm` gès hgpob` y lo ghy`r cñglr` kl hddb`cls tlrhpâudhs ahgès klg`strhkhs klg` strhkhs lc uc s`o` pr`kudt`. [hgebâc [hgebâc lcl oh nhebobkhk kl huglcthr kl f`rgh hduguohvh sus lfldt`s, yh qul hdtñh lobgbchck` oh lcflrglkhk lc sç gbsgh y c` s`o` o`s sçct`ghs. Durb`shglctl, sl nh `eslrvhk` qul sl rlqublrl kl p`dh dhckhk kl KGT@ phrh `etlclr rlsuothk`s p`sbv`s d`c lo phs` klo lgp`. Ls uch duhobkhk kbscth kl lsth susthcdbh ehsthctl ñcbdh, yh qul oh ghy`rçh kl o`s fèrghd`s nhebtuhoglctl rlqublrlc kl k`sbs ghy`rls, bcdrlglctèck`sl ohs k`sbs d`c lo lgp`, o`s cbvlols tlrhpâud`s. C` phrh lxbstlghctlclr hes`outhglctl cbcmuch kukh lc duhct` h sus pr`pblkhkls eb`oômbdhs, sughglctl bctlrlshctls bctlrlshctls y guy vhob`shs, y sl uobzh d`g` hkyuvhc hkyuvhctl tl lc gudn`s pr`kudt`s gâkbd`s hut`rbzhk`s. \ch kl sus durb`shs pr`pblkhkls ls qul sl kbsulovl thct` lc hmuh d`g` lc `tr`s s`ovlctls `rmècbd`s, hdlbtls, hod`n`ols, hdlt`chs, ltd. Hklgès, ls dhphz kl htrhvlshr rèpbkhglctl rèpbkhglctl oh lpbklrgbs (ehrrlrh chturho) y ohs glgerhchs dlouohrls, y oh ehrrlrh nlght`lcdlfèobdh klo dlrler`. Kl g`glct` sl rld`c`dl lo us` bctlrc` p`r oh FKH phrh lo trhthgblct` kl oh dbss bctlrsdbho, qul ls uch lcflrglkhk drôcbdh kl oh vlabmh. Nhebtuhoglctl, sl uobzh d`g` trhcsp`rthk`r kl susthcdbhs h trhvâs kl oh pblo, nhy c` qulglzdohr tlclr dubkhk` p`rqulc`dbvhs trhcsp`rth thct` o` eulc` d`g` lc o` gho`,plr` ls kldbr d`c susthcdbhs ` vlclc`shs, cb muhrkhro` >> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 e`tloohs d`c m`tlr` kl m`gh, yh qul sl kbs`ovlrçh ho lctrhr lo oçqubk`, dhushck` lfldt`s tôxbd`s. Lc o` qul sl rllrl ho k`o`r, ls dhphz kl rlkudbro`, klebk` h su lfldt` kl trhcsp`rthr hmuh u `trhs susthcdbhs h z`chs klsnbkrhthkhs, y p`r slr uc vhs`kbohthk`r qul lsguoh oh dbrduohdbôc, gla`rhck` lo sugbcbstr` kl shcmrl. Dhogh rlkudl tr`ge`s, dhohgerls, qulo`bkls, dbdhtrbdls. O` p`klg`s uobzhryguy eblcvhrbdls, phrh hobvbhr nlght`ghs ` lobgbchr lo k`o`r kl dhelzh. Lc rlohdbôc d`c lo sbstlgh bcgucl, sl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr lo huglct` kl oh pr`kuddbôc kl moôeuo`s eohcd`s y ghdrôfhm`s, ho gbsg` lgp` qul sl `eslrvô uch rlmlclrhdbôc lc lo sçckr`gl kl bctlsc` plrglheol y lo htrhs` lfldv` klo dècdlr (Hyrl, 826=). \ch kl ohs durb`sbkhkls klo KGT@, ls qul sl d`cmloh h tlgplrhturhs rlohvhglctl hoths. Lo puct` kl d`cmlohdbôc ls kl horlklk`r kl o`s 8> ¹D phrh uc KGT@ kl d`cdlctrhdbôc ho 22-899%. Lc lo dhs` qul `durrh, sbgpolglctl sl p`cl ho ehø` ghrçh y sl klsd`cmloh. Y`r lsth rhzôc sl rld`gblckh uobzhr KGT@ ho =9%, duy` puct` kl d`cmlohdbôc ls gès eha`, y hklgès c` brrbth oh pblo, puls oh brrbthebobkhk sl pr`kudl p`r oh hoth d`cdlctrhdbôc. Yrldhudb`cls1 • • • • • • C` sl klel glzdohr y hpobdhr lo KGT@ d`c pr`kudt`s tôxbd`s, puls plcltrhrçhc lc lo `rmhcbsg` h trhvâs kl oh pblo. C` sl klel muhrkhr muhrkhr lc e`tloohs kl drbstho d`c m`tlr` kl m`gh, yh yh qul ls uc kbs`ovlctl y o`s suepr`kudt`s kl lsth rlhddbôc lctrhrçhc lc oh s`oudbôc. C` sl rld`gblckh nhdlr lclghs d`c d`c KGT@, p`rqul sl lsthrçhc lsthrçhc rlbctr`kudblck` t`xbchs ho sbstlgh. Lo KGT@ pur` pur` sl d`cmloh h sôo` 8> ¹D, y ls klghsbhk` fulrtl duhck` lstè pur`, p`r ls` sl rld`gblckh ushro` ho =9%. Ñslo` pur` (sbc kboubr ho =9%), sb ls phrh hpobdhdbôc hpobdhdbôc lxtlrch, lxtlrch, ` kboubk` kboubk` lc uc vhs` kl hmuh, sb ls phrh elelro`. Lstè d`ctrhbckbdhk` d`ctrhbckbdhk` lc o`s dhs`s rhr`s kl lxdls` lxdls` klo hgbc`èdbk` Gl`cbch lc oh shcmrl. Lxbstl gès bcf`rghdbôc s`erl lo KGT@ ho cho klo ober`, lc o`s kht`s dblcd`s (Dhpçtuo`s 6 y =). >2 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Hmuh kl ghr Lo bcvlsmhk`r Ulcâ Xubct`c, nba` kl uc gâkbd`, chdbô lo 8< kl kbdblgerl kl 8>66, lc Dnhugls Erbl, Frhcdbh, y ful lo prbglr` lc bcvlsmhr o`s lfldt`s tlrhpâud`s y durhv`s klo hmuh kl ghr. Hucqul c` tlcçh cbcmuch dhrrlrh dblcdh rld`c`dbkh, ful uc hut`kbkhdth sughglctl duot` d`c mhchs y tholct` kl bcvlsmhdbôc y sblgprl ho thct` kl o`s prbcdbphols hvhcdls y klsduerbgblct`s dblcd`s kl su âp`dh. Klspuâs kl uch lxplrblcdbh mrhvl l bgphdthctl, duhck` lcflrgô kl tutu elrduo`sbs, kl oh duho sl puk` rlduplrhr vbvblck` auct` ho ghr, sl kb` dulcth kl qul oh d`gp`sbdbôc quçgbdh klo hmuh kl ghr ls guy sbgbohr ho sulr` shobc` kl oh shcmrl kl o`s vlrtlerhk vlrtlerhk`s. `s. Gès thrkl drlô uc sulr` shobc` ehshk` lc hmuh kl ghr ho qul oohgô ‟Yohsgh kl Xubct`c‗, y su klsduerbgblct` ful dhphz kl shovhr gbols kl vbkhs lc kbvlrshs dbukhkls frhcdlshs y thgebâc lc `tr`s phçsls. Xubct`c pueobdô lc 829;, lo ober` ‟Lo hmuh kl ghr, glkb` `rmècbd`‗, y p`d` klspuâs puk` herbr kbsplcshrb`s ghrbc`s lc Yhrçs, Oîvls, Oy`c, O`ckrls y Lmbpt` d`c uc âxbt` fuogbchctl, yh qul ohs bcylddb`cls kl hmuh kl ghr bs`tôcbdh h o`s ohdthctls d`c kldblcdbhs kl shouk, kblr`c uc`s rlsuothk`s lxdlolctls, lxdlolctls, qul p`r sulrtl fulr`c k`duglcthk`s f`t`mrèdhglctl, f`t`mrèdhglctl, shovèck`sl klo `ovbk` Fbm. 821 D`ctrhstl lctrl lo hctls y lo klspuâs klo trhthgblct t rhthgblct` ` d`c hmuh kl ghr. ghr. Oh d`gucbkhk gâkbdh qul ol hp`yô kurhctl kurhctl oh mulrrh, dhgebô p`stlrb`rglct p`stlrb`rglctll kl phrldlr, l bculcdbhkh p`r oh pr`phmhckh kl oh bckustrbh fhrghdâudh, 29 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 lgplzô h d`csbklrhr h o`s hcebôd`sy ohs vhduchs uc trhthgblct` gès hvhczhk` y oudrhv`, bmc`rhck` p`r d`gpolt` o`s lfldt`s slduckhrb`s kl lst`s glkbdhglct`s, p`r rlsbstlcdbhs, h ohrm` pohz`. [lcblck` lc dulcth qul n`y lc kçh lxbstlc dhkh vlz gès lcflrglkhkls drôcbdhs y sçckr`gls sbc s`oudbôc, homuc`s gâkbd`s y dblcd`s sl lstèc klkbdhck` rlklsduerbr hcmu`s rlglkb`s qul nhc qulkhk` lc lo `ovbk` d`c lo phs` klo hlgp`. \c` kl lst`s bcvlsmhk`rls ls lo Kr. Ècmlo Mrhdbh, qublc nh lstukbhk` o`s lfldt`s p`sbv`s kl oh bcmlsôc klo hmuh kl ghr lc nughc`s y hcbghols, d`c rlsuothk`s gès qul hs`ger`s`s. Lc sus bcvlsmhdb`cls, nh p`kbk` d`gpr`ehr qul elelr hmuh kl ghr rlsuoth guy elcldb`s` phrh oh shouk. Lo hmuh kl ghr c` ls sbgpolglctl hmuh d`c sho1 ls uc oçqubk` qul d`clcl t`k`s o`s gbclrhols y `obm`lolglct`s cldlshrb`s phrh lo dulrp` nughc` y qul lstèc hklgès lc plrfldt` lquboberb`. Lo hmuh kl ghr ls, h cbvlo eb`oômbd`, lxtrlghkhglctl lstheol sb lstè muhrkhkh kl ghclrh hklduhkh, yh qul lc o`s Ohe`rht`rb`s Xubct`c sl lcl hmuh muhrkhkh klskl oh âp`dh kl Xubct`c, qul t`khvçh ghclcl ohs gbsghs pr`pblkhkls. D`c`dç ho Kr. Ècmlo Mrhdbh lc uch d`cflrlcdbh y klskl lct`cdls c`s nbdbg`s hgbm`s, yh qul gl musth su f`rgh kl plcshr y, durb`shglctl, âo phsô su bcfhcdbh lc lo gbsg` oumhr k`ckl y` rlsbk` lc Lsphøh klskl nhdl gudn`s hø`s. Hquç ols dbt` k`s ober`s lsdrbt`s p`r Ècmlo Mrhdbh1 ‟Ghcuho klo cèufrhm`, s`erlvbvlcdbh lc o`s `dâhc`s uobzhck` lo hmuh klo ghr d`g` nbkrhthctl y cutrblctl‗ y ‟Hmuh kl ghr, cutrbdbôc `rmècbdh‗. K. È M1 ‟°Dôg` oh prbglrh dâouoh shobô klo hmuh, dôg` lsh dâouoh dhpturô t`k` o` qul yh,ghrbch, bcdoubkhkl ohk`ckl bcf`rghdbôc d`cohsu HKC0 Gl pusl h hvlrbmuhr quâ lrhnheçh oh s`ph pr`dlkçh prbglrh dâouoh y oh vbkh, y lct`cdls Xubct`c gl kba`1 ‟Oh dâouoh ls oh lxprlsbôc d`cdrlth kl oh bklh hestrhdth kl oh vbkh‗, y Gurrhy y âo kbalr`c1 ‟c` nhy vbkh sbc trhcsflrlcdbh loâdtrbdh, y p`r ls` oh dâouoh ls uch ehtlrçh‗. Lct`cdls °kl kôckl vblcl oh lclrmçh kl lsh ehtlrçh0‗ Tb lstè bctlrlshk` lc bcmlrbr y shelr gès hdlrdh klo hmuh kl ghr, lst`s ghcuhols ol mubhrèc kl f`rgh slcdbooh y lctrltlcbkh phrh lctlcklr gla`r t`k` s`erl lstl rlmho` kl oh chturholzh, lo hmuh kl ghr. Hucqul ls` sç, nhy qul rlehahr oh d`cdlctrhdbôc, yh qul nhdl ;99 gboo`cls kl hø`s, o`s ghrls c` lrhc thc shobc`s. O`s prbglr`s slrls vbv`s kl oh lrrh sl drlhr`c lc uc lct`rc` d`c d`ckudvbkhk loâdtrbdh1 lo ghr ghr.. Lst`s slrls ucbdlouohrls pukblr`c d`gucbdhrsl, 28 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh drlhck` lstrudturhs pourbdlouohrls gès mrhckls y d`gpolahs p`stlrb`rglctl, mrhdbhs ho lfldt` kl oh d`ckudvbkhk loâdtrbdh klo ghr, p`r su shobcbkhk. Lo hmuh kl ghr pr`p`rdb`ch trhcsflrlcdbh kl lclrmçh lc uc lct`rc` kl plrfldt` lquboberb`. Tl nh `eslrvhk` qul o`s moôeuo`s eohcd`s s`erlvbvlc lc uc sulr` bs`tôcbd` kl hmuh kl ghr, d`sh qul c` `durrl lc lo sulr` shobc` lstârbo kl o`s n`spbthols, qul lstè d`gpulst` kl hmuh y do`rur` kl s`kb` rlchk` (sho). Lst` c`s lxpobdh p`r quâ ohs dâouohs cldlsbthc uc lct`rc` lquboberhk`, d`c t`k`s o`s lolglct`s lc su austh glkbkh, phrh p`klr fucdb`chr kl ghclrh plrfldth. y slmñc kbdl lo Kr. Ècmlo Mrhdbh1 ‟C`s`tr`s, kl homñc g`k`, c` s`g`s gès qul uc d`ctlclk`r kl hmuh kl ghr, yh qul oh shcmrl, ohs lxdrldb`cls y sldrldb`cls nughchs y kl o`s hcbghols, t`k`s culstr`s ubk`s, s`c shobc`s‗ Xublrl kldbr qul ustlk lstè d`gpulst` hpr`xbghkhglctl kl uc =9% kl hmuh kl ghr bs`tôcbdh. Lst` c`s bckbdh qul lc târgbc`s kl shouk, c` klelg`s eusdhr thct` oh purlzh kl uch u `trh susthcdbh, sbc` lo lquboberb` plrfldt` lctrl t`khs. Lo nldn` kl hbsohr y hphrthr, phrh trhthr p`r slphrhk` kbscths phrtls klo dulrp` ` kbscths susthcdbhs, c` pulkl slr uch s`oudbôc h ohrm` pohz`, yh qul lo lquboberb` y oh hrg`cçh lctrl t`k`s lst`s lolglct`s, ls o` qul pr`p`rdb`ch oh shouk. Tb sl prlslcth uch dhrlcdbh ` uc klslquboberb` lc o`s fhdt`rls glcdb`chk`s, sl kbduoth ` bcdous` sl bgpbkl lo fucdb`chgblct` c`rgho klo `rmhcbsg` lc su d`cauct`, y lctrhg`s lc lo lsthk` ho qul oohghg`s lcflrglkhk. Lo nldn` kl hbsohr quçgbdhglctl uch susthcdbh phrh lstukbhroh c` `durrl lc oh chturholzh, y p`r o` thct` c` pulkl dugpobr lo phtrôc kl d`gphebobkhk eb`oômbdh. Hucqul lo hmuh kl ghr pulkh tlclr susthcdbhs d`csbklrhkhs c`dbvhs, ohs lcl lc dhckhkls lxtrlghkhglctl lxtrlghkhglctl plquløhs p`r chturhol chturholzh, zh, y sbcdlrhglct sbcdlrhglctll c` shelg`s h dblcdbh d blcdbh dblrth, nhsth quâ puct` s`c ñols ` c`, yh qul lc dulsôc kl t`xbdbkhk oh rlmoh ls1 ‟oh dhckhk nhdl lo vlclc`‗. @tr` fhdt`r kltlrgbchctl h tlclr lc dulcth, ls lo kl oh d`ckudvbkhk loâdtrbdh. Duhct` gla`r slh oh d`ckudvbkhk, gla`r slrè oh d`gucbdhdbôc y oh trhcsgbsbôc kl lclrmçh lctrl dâouohs. Yhrh tlclr d`ckudvbkhk, lo hmuh cldlsbth sho lc lo pr`dls` kl trhcsp`rtl kl b`cls, yh qul, d`g` shelg`s, lo hmuh klsohkh c` d`ckudl oh loldtrbdbkhk. O`s b`cls s`c dhphdls kl muhrkhr oh lclrmçh loâdtrbdh lc f`rgh kl loldtr`cls, y s`c oh f`rgh quçgbdh kl hoghdlchr oh lclrmçh loâdtrbdh ño phrh lo dulrp`, y c` klelg`s `ovbkhr qul oh lcflrglkhk ls fhoth kl lclrmçh. 25 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 D`cthgbchdbôc lc lo ghr Oh d`cthgbchdbôc ls oh bctr`kuddbôc lc uc glkb` duhoqublrh, kl uc d`cthgbchctl, yh slh quçgbd`, sbd`, eb`oômbd` ` bcdous` psçqubd`, yh qul lo târgbc` sl pulkl uobzhr lxprlshck` hotlrhdbôc, plrvlrsbôc, d`rrupdbôc ` qulerhct` qulerhct ` kl duhoqublr d uhoqublr glkb` p`r phrtl kl uc hmlctl. Fbm. 591 C` sl lcl qul kldbr o` qul ls (y o` qul c` ls) oh d`cthgbchdbôc hgeblctho. Lc lo ègebt` kl oh ld`o`mçh, o` qul sl d`c`dl d`g` d`cthgbchdbôc hgeblctho, ls oh prlslcdbh lc lo glkb` hgeblctl, kl duhoqublr hmlctl sbd`, quçgbd` ` eb`oômbd`, lc oumhrls, f`rghs y d`cdlctrhdb`cls qul pulklc slr c`dbv`s phrh oh shouk, oh slmurbkhk ` lo eblclsthr kl oh p`eohdbôc y oh d`cslrvhdbôc klo pohclth. Lc prbglr oumhr, nhy qul hrghr qul lo hmuh kl ghr lcl uch lxtrlgh dhphdbkhk kl hut` rlmlclrhdbôc. Nhy qul plcshr qul kurhctl gboo`cls kl hø`s o`s pldls nhc klfldhk` sus lxdrlglct`s y ohs ehdtlrbhs kl o`s rç`s nhc klslge`dhk` lc lo hmuh klo ghr. Ohs pohcths lc lo ghr sbmulc drldblck`, o`s pldls sl sbmulc rlpr`kudblck` (sb c` o`s d`glg`s hctls), bcdous` lo dnhphp`tl qul d`cthgbcô nhdl uc`s hø`s ohs d`sths mhoolmhs, sl nh qulkhk` pltrbdhk` d`c lo lgp`. °Dô e q v 0 Lctrl `trhs rhz`cls, lst` sl klel ho hot` d`ctlcbk` kl do`r` lc f`rgh kl do`rur` sôkbd`, qul ls sho d`gñc, qul oolvh dhrmh bôcbdh loâdtrbdh, dhphz kl nhdlr rlhddb`cls eb`quçgbdhs kl `xbkhdbôc-rl `xbkhdbôc-rlk`x. k`x. Tl pulkl rlsugbr qul lo hmuh kl ghr sl obgpbh h sç gbsgh p`r `xbkhdbôc, kl t`k`s o`s hmlctls khøbc`s y d`cthgbchc d`cthgbchctls tls qul pukblrhc plraukbdhrc`s h ohrm` pohz`. (C` ls kl lxtrhøhr qul culstr` dulrp` uobdl lo gbsg` d`cdlpt` kl hut` obgpblzh p`r `xbkhdbôc, ` d`geusôc kl klsldn`s…). 24 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [hgebâc nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth lo pr`dls` kl `sg`sbs klo hmuh kl ghr, yh qul looh gbsgh sl rlmlclrh. Ñoghglctl sl pulkl `eslrvhr qul dhkh vlz gès pbsdbchs lc ohs dhshs, lc vlz kl fucdb`chr h trhvâs kl phsoohs kl do`r`, fucdb`chc d`c uc sbstlgh shobc`. Lo pr`pblthrb` sbgpolglctl ldnh uch dhckhk kltlrgbchkh kl sho ho hmuh kl oh pbsdbchohsqul hphrtl ykl slr gès hmrhkheol y c`fucdb`ch dhushr brrbthdbôc lc o`s `a`s, lobgbch ehdtlrbhs `tr`s phtômlc`s. °Dôg` lst`0 \c`s loldtr`k`s obelrhc uch plquløh dhrmh kl uc`s p`d`s v`o`s ho hmuh y drlhc uc lfldt` qul sl oohghc loldtrôobsbs. Lc lstl lfldt` sl slphrh lo hmuh lc nbkrômlc` y `xçmlc`,, y ho slr shobc` thgebâc obelrh lo do`r`. Lstl do`r` yh o` d`c`dlg`s d`g` `xçmlc` uc lxdlolctl klsbcfldthctl y ls lo rlsp`csheol kl c` tlclr qul uobzhr `trhs susthcdbhs quçgbdhs c`dbvhs lc oh pbsdbch, mhrhczhck` hsç h oh fhgbobh y h o`s cbø`s uc vlrhc` pohdlctlr`, sbc bcflddb`cls kl `çk`s, `a`s, ` pblo. Lo ghr uobzh lo gbsg` lfldt` p`r su hot` d`ctlcbk` kl sho, qul ls do`rur` sôkbd`, y lc vlz kl loldtrbdbkhk, uobzh lo g`vbgblct` kl ohs `ohs, d`g` fulctl kl lclrmçh. Ohs `ohs pr`kudlc, klebk` ho r`dl, uchs plquløhs dhrmhs loâdtrbdhs qul obelrhc uchs plquløhs dhckhkls kl do`r`, sbgbohrls ho trhthgblct` kl ohs pbsdbchs, drlhck` uch rlhddbôc klstrudvh d`ctrh t`k`s hquloo`s d`gp`clctls c`dbv`s, kl pN èdbk`. Tl pulkl kldbr qul lo hmuh kl ghr sl obgpbh h sç gbsgh lobgbchck` oh d`cthgbchdbôc kl ghclrh d`csthctl, klebk` h su hoth dhphdbkhk d`rr`sbvh, d`sh qul duhoqublr pr`pblthrb` kl uc ehrd` p`krçh hrghr. Lst` c` sbmcbdh qul lo hmuh klo ghr lstâ lc eulc lsthk` lc t`k`s o`s sb`s, yh qul c`s`tr`s o`s nughc`s c`s nlg`s lcdhrmhk` kl d`cthgbchr culstr`s hduçflr`s, sbc plcshr lc ohs d`csldulcdbhs. Hsç qul c` sl klelrçh rld`mlr hmuh kl ghr lc shobkhs klo rç`, k`ckl dhudl hrrbeh slmurhglctl lxbstl uch bckustrbh qul vulodh d`cthgbchctls lc hoths dhckhkls, cb thgp`d` k`ckl nhyhc fèerbdhs, pulrt`s ` bckustrbhs kbrldthglctl. kbrldthglctl. Yhrh shelr kôckl y dôg` p`klg`s rld`mlr lo hmuh kl ghr phrh elelr, nhy qul `eslrvhr sb nhy plqulø`s pldls, ls kldbr oh prlslcdbh heuckhctl kl holvbcls, bckbdh qul lo ghr c` pulkl lsthr d`cthgbchk`, p`rqul o`s ghthrçh, klebk` h qul sus erhcqubhs y su sbstlgh kl rlspbrhdbôc ls guy slcsbeol h t`kh p`oudbôc ` d`cthgbchdbôc. Kl nldn`, lc homuc`s oumhrls kl trhthgblct`s kl hmuh p`theol sl uobzhc plqulø`s pldls d`g` glkbk`rls kl oh obgpblzh klo hmuh: sb sl gulrl lo plz, sl kbsphrh oh hohrgh. Lc o` qul sl rllrl h oh d`cthgbchdbôc kl gbdr`eb`s, ls bgpr`eheol oh d`cthgbchdbôc p`r phrtl kl gbdr`eb`s kl pr`dlklcdbh tlrrlstrl, p`rqul ho hglrbzhr, p`r ôsg`sbs ols vh h phshr…‗ d`g` ols `durrl ho ahgôc slrrhc` y ho ehdhoh` sld`, qul sl d`cslrvhc p`rqul sbgpolglctl, sl nhc muhrkhk` d`c sho, p`r o` qul o`s mârglcls, ehdtlrbhs, t`k` p` kl gbdr`eb`s, vbrus, n`cm`s y phrèsbt`s ho hglrbzhr sl klshdvhc. 2; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 Lxbstlc uc`s lstukb`s hglrbdhc`s kl 826=, lc o`s qul d`csth qul lo hmuh klo ghr ls bgp`sbeol kl slr d`cthgbchkh p`r gbdr`eb`s kl pr`dlklcdbh tlrrlstrl h ohrm` pohz`, gblctrhs lstâ lc su lct`rc` pr`pb`. C` ls o` gbsg` p`clr uc p`d` kl hmuh kl ghr lc uch pohdh Yltrb kl ohe`rht`rb` ho klsdueblrt`, yh qul klebk` h oh fhoth kl g`vbgblct`, lo hmuh kl ghr dhrldl klchturho. oh loldtrbdbkhk cldlshrbh phrh obelrhr lo b`c kl do`r`, qul ls lo klsbcfldthctl [lcblck` lc dulcth lst`, phrldl lvbklctl qul o`s ‟dheols‗ kl culstr` dulrp`, lc rlhobkhk, s`c culstr`s oçqubk`s, qul lc o` eèsbd`, s`c d`g` lo hmuh kl ghr bs`tôcbdh. Culstr`s oçqubk`s d`rp`rhols plrgbtlc qul sl trhcsgbth oh bcf`rghdbôc lc culstr` `rmhcbsg`… K.. È M1 K M 1‟Ylcshr ‟Ylcshr y slr ls oh gbsgh d`sh, y s`g`s o` qul plcshg`s. \stlk c` sl kh dulcth kl qul duhck` uch pblkrbth dhl lc lo dlctr` kl uc lsthcqul, t`k` lo lsthcqul y t`khs ohs g`oâduohs klo hmuh sl lctlrhc kl qul dhyô. Yuls ustlk, hucqul ol kuloh uch pucdh kl oh uøh klo klk`, ustlk sl lctlrh t`khs sus dâouohs o` shelc, y kl ustlk h tlclr uc nug`r uc nug`ryrlmuohr ` gho` klplckblck` qulvhsbdhglctl ustlk sleulc` sblcth` d`c lclrmçh. Oh lclrmçh qul ol nh vlcbk` d`c lo s`o, p`rqul nh p`kbk` tlclr t`k` o` p`sbeol phrh tlclr lo dhodb`, phrhr oh hdbklz y vbvbr lc uch vbkh qul tlcmh qul vlr d`c oh chturholzh, d`c o` qul c`s lcsløh oh chturholzh t`k`s t`k`s o`s kçhs, plr` c` o` qulrlg`s hprlcklr.‗ Hphrtl kl tlclr t`pohcdt`c y z``pohcdt z``pohcdt`c, `c, lo hmuh kl ghr d`clcl t`k`s o`s gbclrhols y `obm`lolglct`s kl oh theoh plrbôkbdh, sblck` dhphz kl fhdbobthr oh rldhrmh lclrmâdh klebk` h su hot` d`ctlcbk` lc shols y b`cls. Ls, p`r o` thct`, lo hmuh gès gbclrhobzhkh lxbstlctl, bcgucl y rld`glckhkh lc t`khs ohs lcflrglkhkls kl klsgbclrhobzhdbôc. Lst`s gbclrhols y `obm`lolglct`s hdtñhc d`g` d`lczbgh, lvbthck` oh klsnbkrhthdbôc y plrgblck` uch rlmlclrhdbôc dlouohr, ghctlcblck` hsç uc lquboberb` eb`quçgbd` plrfldt` klo dulrp`. Lo hmuh kl ghr ls uc oçqubk` chturho heuckhctl, dhphz kl fhdbobthr uch hodhobcbzhdbôc klo glkb` bctlrc`, klebk` h su pN kl >.; y ho gbsg` lgp`, ls uc kbs`ovlctl kl susthcdbhs tôxbdhs qul klpurh culstr` dulrp` (Kr. Ml`rmls Ohfhrmul):: oh huslcdbh kl dbt`t`xbdbkh Ohfhrmul) dbt`t`xbdbkhk k lc dâouohs vbvhs, ful tlgh kl lstukb` p`r phrtl klo Kr. Kr. ]boglr T`olr (\cbvlrsbkhk kl Hc`qubh, D`o`gebh) Z5, 4, ;W. Lc `eslrvhdb`cls kl lstukb`s prldoçcbd`s, c` sl nh p`kbk` d`crghr qul lo hmuh kl ghr slh plraukbdbho phrh o`s rbø`cls cb qul dhusl nbplrtlcsbôc, d`g` ls lo dhs` klo do`rur` sôkbd` (sho d`gñc). 2< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Lxbstlc gès kl >< kbsplcshrb`s ghrbc`s lc Cbdhrhmuh, k`ckl lo hmuh, d`c hp`y` muelrchglctho klo Gbcbstlrb` kl [rhcsp`rtl y oh hodhokçh kl Ghchmuh, ls kbstrbeubkh mrhtubthglctl mrhtubthglctl h o`s phdblctls y h `tr`s kbsplcshrb`s klo phçs. Lo hmuh kl ghr kl o`s kbsplcshrb`s sl lstè hchobzhck` kl ghclrh d`csthctl, d`csthctl, phrh d`gpr`ehr qul ls hpth phrh lo d`csug` nughc` y oberl kl gbdr`eb`s phtômlc`s. Nhsth oh fldnh sl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr su ldhdbh lc lo trhthgblct` kl ohs sbmublctls pht`o`mçhs1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Holrmbhs y rbcbs hoârmbdh. Hrtrbs rlught`bkl. Hsgh y lcflrglkhkls rlspbrht rlspbrht`rbhs. `rbhs. Dbrr`sbs y lcflrglkhkls nlpèdhs. D`caucvbs y mohud`gh. Dèoduo`s rlchols. Dècdlr (hyukhck` lc pr`dls` kl rlduplrhdbô rlduplrhdbôc). c). Kbheltls. Lsdolr`sbs gñopol. Lstrløbgblct` Lstrløbgblc t` y nlg`rr`bkls. Mhstrbs y Lcflrglkhkls uodlr`-pâpdhs uodlr`-pâpdhs.. Nlrbkhs y qulghkurhs. Nbplrtlcsbôc hrtlrbho. Bcs`gcb`. Yht`o`mçhs kl oh oh pblo (ps`rbhsbs, klrghs, ñodlrhs vhrbd`shs…). [rhthgblct` [r hthgblct` prlchtho. Lo hmuh kl ghr nh sbk` guy ño y ls t`thoglctl d`gpheol, uobzèck`oh uobzèck`oh lc d`cauct` d`c lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, yh qul c` bctlrhdtñhc lctrl sç y sl pulklc t`ghr h oh vlz. vlz. Oh gla`r f`rgh, ls t`ghr lo hmuh kl ghr bs`tôcbdh, ls kldbr rlehahkh d`c hmuh gbclrho h uch duhrth phrtl, k`ckl oulm` sl høhkl lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc duhoqublrh kl sus f`rghs. Ohs vçhs kl hkgbcbstrhdbôc s`c1 s`c1 • • Vçh `rho (kl 5<9 go ho kçh) lc lo 2< % kl o`s dhs`s. \s` lxtlrc` (hpobdhdbôc tôpbdh lc oh pblo y gud`sh chsho, plkbouvb`s). 26 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 • • • • • • • • • Cleuobzhkh (lc phdblctls hsgèd`s y er`cquçd`s e r`cquçd`s drôcbd`s). D`obrb` (lc dhs`s kl d`caucvbs y mohud`gh). M`ths ôdhs (lc `s lxtlrchs y holrmbhs holrm bhs ôdhs). Mèrmhrhs (lc hgbmkhobs y fhrbcmbs). Lcauhmuls eudhols (nbmblcl `rho, mbcmbvbs, lcflrglkhkls klcthols). Lclghs (vçh rldtho). Ohvhk`s vhmbchols (bcflddb`cls y hpbhs dlouohrls lc lo duloo` utlrbc`). Gls`tlrhpbh (bcylddbôc bctrhkârgbdh lc puct`s kl Hdupucturh y f`d`s bctlrflrlctls). Bcylddbôc bctrhvlc`sh ` sulr` clurho bctrhvlc`s` otrhk` (kl Ohe`rht` rb`s Xubct`c). D`g` t`ghr hmuh kl ghr Tl pulkl elelr sbc kboubr kboubr,, ls kldbr nbplrtôcbdh (46 mrhg`s kl shols p`r obtr`) lc dhckhkls plquløhs ` bs`tôcbdh Zkboubkh, h rhzôc kl 8 phrtl kl hmuh kl ghr p`r 4 kl hmuh kuodl (814)W. Yls` Hmuh kl ghr Hmuh gbclrho 9-8; jm (49 oberhs) 89 g o 49 go 8;-54 jm (49-<9 oberhs) 59 go 69 go 5;-4< jm (<<-=< oberhs) 49 g o 29 go 3 4< jm (3 =< oberhs) <9 h 8<9 go 8<9 h ;<9 go [hgebâc sl pulkl rlehahr d`c rlfrlsd`s ` zug`s chturhols, y sl pulkl ushr phrh d`dbchr ohs d`gbkhs, vlz uobzhr rlchkh, d`c lxdlolctls rlsuothk`s duobchrb`s. Kl nldn`,lc n`y lckl kçh, lstè hohohsho vlcth lc kbflrlctls lckhs kl m`urglts, phrh us` duobchrb`. Gès hmuh kl ghr glzdohkh d`c hmuh sl pulkl khr (4 vldls ho kçh ` gès) duhck` sl cldlsbtlc gès gbclrhols. Hsç qul oh chturholzh c`s `frldl gudnh hmuh, y lstè h kbsp`sbdbôc kl t`k`s. Ls uch mrhc c`dbh. Htrâvhsl h rld`mlroh sb pulkl, h uc gltr` kl pr`fuckbkhk d`g` gçcbg` y c` sl `ovbkl… ¡[`khvçh ls mrhs! 1) 2= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbh hccuh hccuh)) Hklgès klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` phrh lo trhthgblct` kl oh ghohrbh, thgebâc lxbstlc `trhs hotlrchvhs. Lsth pohcth ful rlklsdueblrth h chols kl o`s slslcth lc Dnbch y bcdoubkh lc lo ‟Ghcuho Dnbc` kl Yrlsdrbpdb`cls phrh [rhthgblct [rhthgblct`s `s kl Lglrmlcdbh‗, kl 82=9, k`ckl, kl nldn`, ls d`c`dbkh lc oh fhrghd`plh d`g` ‟Xbcm Nh`‗ (4;9 h.D.). Tlmñc oh glkbdbch dnbch, oh Hrtlgbsbh hccuh ls ‟ybc‗ lc su chturholzh, qul sbmcbdh frçh, fr çh, y sbrvl phrh trhthr d`ckbdb`cls d`ckbd b`cls bctlrchs bctlrch s kl ‟yhcm‗, kl dho`r, ls kldbr, lcflrglkhkls lcflrglkh kls kl lerl. O`s prbglr`s k`duglct`s s`erl lsth pohcth sl lcd`ctrhr`c lc lo ober` kl glkbdbch dnbch ‟Elcdh` Mhcmgu‗, kl 8<26 k.D., phrh lo trhthgblct` kl lerls bctlrgbtlctls bctlrgbtlc tls (d`g` oh ghohrbh). Tlmñc ohs vblahs fhrghd`plhs, sl rld`oldth lc prbghvlrh ` vlrhc`, sl høhkl hmuh y sl lxprbgl lc frç` lc lo g`rtlr`, `etlcblck` su aum`. Ls bgp`rthctl qul ustlk o` nhmh lc frç`, yh qul duhck` dblcd`s dnbc`s gès thrkl nbdblr`c lxtrhdt`s lc hmuh dhoblctl kl Hrtlgbsbh hccuh, sl kblr`c dulcth kl qul prèddhglctl c` lcl hdvbkhk lc o`s rht`cls kl ohe`rht`rb`, sbc lgehrm`, duhck` nbdblr`c lxtrhdt`s frç`s, sç qul fucdb`cheh: gès hklohctl fulr`c dhphdls kl shdhr y hbsohr uc d`gpulst` fhrghdâud` ño, oh hrtlgbsbcbch. Oh hrtlgbsbcbch, lxtrhçkh kl lsth pohcth, hdtñh kl 89 h 899 vldls gès rèpbk` qul t`k`s o`s glkbdhglct`s d`cvlcdb`chols d`c`dbk`s d`ctrh oh ghohrbh. O` bctlrlshctl ls qul bcdous` lrh ldhz lc oh ghohrbh kl Y. fhodbphrug, qul yh prlslcthehh rlsbstlcdbhs h oh do`r`qubch, y ls d`csbklrhkh d`g` uch kl ohs pl`rls prlslcthe ghohrbhs, klebk` h sus lfldt`s dlrlerhols y su g`rthobkhk. O`s dblcd`s dnbc`s klg`strhr`c su ldhdbh, bcdous` 89 hø`s hctls kl qul lstl nldn` sl d`c`dblrh h cbvlo guckbho. Lc hqulo lct`cdls, lo m`eblrc` dnbc` c` sl heh kl oh @rmhcbz @rmhcbzhdbôc hdbôc Guckbho kl oh Thouk (@GT) y ol klclmô lc su g`glct` lo hddls` h oh kr`mh y h oh pohcth. @tr` us` kl oh hrtlgbsbh ls lc p`ov` sld`, phrh us` bctlrc`, ` thgebâc lc f`rgh kl lxtrhdt` hdu`s` lc lclghs, s`erl t`k` d`c ohs plrs`chs qul lstèc bcd`csdblctls: ls bgp`rthctl shelr qul lo trhthgblct` pulkl slr d`gebchk` d`c `tr`s trhthgblct`s doèsbd`s phrh oh ghohrbh, qul yh lstèc oberls kl phtlctls. O`s lclghs fucdb`chc guy eblc, s`erl t`k` lc o`s cbø`s ` lc phdblctls d`c sbkh. Lc trls lstukb`s dblcd`s, o`s dnbc`s d nbc`s gulstrhc uch ldhdbh klo 899% duhck` ohs n`ahs kl hrtlgbsbh puovlrbzhkhs sl hkgbcbstrhc kbrldthglctl lc f`rgh kl p`ov`, glzdohkhs glzdohkhs d`c hdlbtl, ` lxtrhçkhs d`c hod`n`o. Lst`s s`c pr`dlkbgblct`s eèsbd`s qul t`k` fhrghdâud` pulkl rlhobzhr lc duhoqublr phrtl klo guck`. Klebk` h oh prlsbôc kl oh @GT, @ GT, 8> lgprlshs fhrghdâudhs fulr`c `eobmhkhs h rlrhr phuohchglctl o`s glkbdhglct`s phrh lo trhthgblct` `rho kl oh ghohrbh ehshk`s lc hrtlgbsbh, hrmuglcthck` qul ‟lo phrèsbt` kl oh ghohrbh p`krçh drlhr 2> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 rlsbstlcdbhs‗, sbc hp`rthr h dhgeb` cbcmuch pruleh dblcdh, sblck` oh ldhdbh rlsbstlcdbhs‗, kl oh hrtlgbsbh lc oh durhdbôc kl oh ghohrbh (phoukbsg`) kl hpr`xbghkhglctl hpr`xbghkhglctl uc 2< h 899%. [rldl kl lsths lgprlshs nhc dlkbk` h oh prlsbôc kl oh @GT. T`rprlcklctlglctl, n`y t`khvçh c` sl nh k`duglcthk` cb uc s`o` dhs` doçcbd` kl rlsbstlcdbh h oh hrtlgbsbcbch ` h duhoqublrh kl sus klrbvhk`s. \chqul kl dugpobrè ohs d`gphøçhs kl oh obsth, d`c Thc`/Hvlcs, yh sl kl nh oh hprlsurhk` bckbdhr pr`mrlsbvhglctl lo rlqulrbgblct` @GT. Lc loh rlst` kl o`s dhs`s sl trhth kl plquløhs lgprlshs lur`plhs (lc Eâombdh, Frhcdbh y Tubzh) y lc Vbltchg, Bckbh, Dnbch, D nbch, Mnhch y Jlcbh. Oh @GT hkvbrô h ohs lgprlshs qul sbmulc fherbdhck` oh hrtlgbsbh lc lsthk` pur`, qul ohs vbmbohrè lstrldnhglctl sb qublrlc `etlclr oh dlrdhdbôc kl sus pr`kudt`s, phrh qul dugpohc d`c oh c`rghvh bctlrchdb`cho, s`erl ldhdbh, slmurbkhk y dhobkhk. Ls guy `evb` qul hquç sl kh uc dnhcthal p`r phrtl kl oh @GT h ohs plquløhs lgprlshs fhrghdâudhs, klebk` h qul lxbstlc bctlrlsls bctlrlsls ld`côgbd`s lc aulm`. C` lcl cbcmñc slck` qul uch pohcth ushkh nhdl dblct`s kl hø`s slh rlrhkh klo glrdhk` ‟p`r sbhhdhs`‗… p`rqublrlc oh @GT,shovhmuhrkhr uch `rmhcbzhdbôc d`ctr`ohkh p`r o`s U`djlfloolr qublcls su vlz s`o` sus g`c`p`ob`s fhrghdâud`s. Tlmñc uc plrbôkbd` jlcbhc`, lo ‟Khboy Ch`c‗, oh @GT rldbel 8 gbooôc kl kôohrls d`g` bctlrglkbhrbh phrh lo hehstldbgblct` h Jlcbh kl ‟D`-Hrtlg‗, kl C`vhrs, uch kr`mh hcphoñkbdh duy`s prbcdbpb`s hdv`s s`c lo hrtlgâtlr y oh ouglfhctrbch. Lc Mbclerh, oh slkl kl oh `rmhcbzhdbôc shcbthrbh bcsbsô h o`s `rmhcbsg`s chdb`chols kl rlmohglcthdbôc fhrghdâudh kl o`s phçsls k`ckl oh ghohrbh ls lckâgbdh, qul pr`nbeblrhc oh d`glrdbhobzhdbôc kl g`c`tlrhpbhs `rhols kl hrtlgbsbh. Klskl lclr` klo 5996, 84 phçsls nhc hcucdbhk` qul bcbdbhrçhc oh d`glrdbhobzhdbôc kl o`s glkbdhglct`s hcghoèrbd`s pr`pulst`s p`r oh @GT, y `tr`s trls c`dhr`c qul lgplzhrçh lgplzhrçhc c h trhehahr lc loo`. Mbclerh ls thgebâc oh slkl bctlrchdb`cho kl oh Flklrhdbôc kl oh Druz U`ah y kl `trhs `rmhcbzhdb`cls, y c` klelg`s `ovbkhr qul lo phohdb` kl oh fhgbobh U`tnsdnbok sl lcdulctrh sbtuhk` lc lo gbsg` oumhr, lc kbrldt` vldbckhrb` d`c oh @C\ y oh @GT. Lo pr`eolgh ls qul ho c` slr uch pohcth houdbcômlch ls kbdbo kl pr`nbebr, hsç qul sl oh bctlcth e`bd`tlhr h t`kh d`sth, yh qul o`s phçsls lc klshrr`oo` sl oh p`krçhc fherbdhr loo`s gbsg`s, y p`r o` thct`, klahrçhc kl lsthr hthk`s h oh kr`m`klplcklcdbh kr`m`klplck lcdbh mlclrhkh p`r ohs guochdb`chols. Lxbstlc bckbdb`s kl qul dhsb t`k`s o`s gbcbstr`s kl shouk hfrbdhc`s, rldbelc duhc`shs sughs kl kbclr` pr`dlklctls klo clm`db` kl o`s fèrghd`s. 22 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh H loo`s gbsg`s c` phrldl bgp`rthrols oh shouk kl su pr`pbh mlctl. Lstèc suglrmbk`s lc oh d`rrupdbôc, y hsç ohs guochdb`chols fhrghdâudhs k`gbchc o`s glrdhk`s klo tlrdlr guck`, drlhck` uch klplcklcdbh kl bgp`rthdbôc kl glkbdhglct`s. Lc [hczhcbh p`r lalgpo`, ohs bckustrbhs fhrghdâudhs phmhc h o`s duovhk`rls hfrbdhc`s klohohpohcth hrtlgbsbh sôo`qul 9,<₯, y ñcbdhglctl uobz uobzhc pukbâck`sl hpr`vldnhr lctlrh, p`krçh slr vlckbkh h hc 89₯ohs lon`ahs, jbo` h o`s n`spbthols. Hctls kl qul hquç gl oklc kl d`cspbrhc`bd`, `pbc` qul oh d`cspbrhdbôc guckbho sl rlsugl lc trls sbgpols phoherhs1 ‟Nhz gès kbclr`‗. Lsth fôrguoh, d`cspbrh d`ctrh oh shouk kl gboo`cls kl plrs`chs. D`c lstl d`cdlpt` sl d`csbmul t`k`. Oh hrtlgbsbh thgebâc nh sbk` ldhz lc gudn`s dhs`s kl dècdlr y ls uc lxdlolctl rlglkb` hkbdb`cho. hkbdb` cho. Kl nldn`, sl nh bcvlsmhk` su us` lc lo trhthgblct` kl dècdlr, kurhctl 49 hø`s, lc Dnbch y Vbltchg. Lxbstl uc trheha` bctlrlshctl klo k`dt`r holgèc Hof`cs ]lelr, kl 82=<, lc lo qul puk` `eslrvhr glr`z`bt`s (ls uchkl lthph klo dbdo`klklo`svbkh kl uc phrèsbt` pr`t`z`hrb`, lc ohklghohrbh) lc oh shcmrl oh ghy`rçh phdblctls d`c dècdlr, sblck` dhphz k`duglcthr f`t`mrèdhglctl lstl nldn`. Fbm. 581 Dbdo` kl vbkh klo trbphc`s`gh rlsp`csheol p`r oh o h lcflrglkhk kl oh ghohrbh. 899 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 Lvbklctlglctl, c` ful hdlpthk` p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho doèsbdh. Lvbklctlglctl, Tlmñc lo Kr. Tbcmn, oh hrtlgbsbh ls lo hmlctl gès p`klr`s`, ehrht` y slmur` lc târgbc`s kl qubgb`tlrhpbh lcd`ctrhk` y, hklgès, sl pulkl uobzhr p`r vçh `rho y lc dhsh. Lxbstlc cuglr`s`s tlsg`cb`s tlsg`cb`s l bcf`rgls kl rlgbsb`cls kl dècdècdlr uobzhck` hrtlgbsbh, s`erl t`k` lc dhs`s kl oludlgbh. Oh Hrtlgbsbh hccuh 1 Dhckhk, k`sbs kbhrbh uobzhkh1 < m. G`k` kl lgpol`1 8 dudnhrh kl p`strl p`r thzh, t`ghr 5 ô 4 lxtrhdt`s prlphrhk`s lc frç` ho kçh. Yhrh lst` sl pulkl prlphrhr 8 obtr` d`c uch dudnhrhkh s`plrh y rlphrr lc vhrbhs t`ghs. D ‟H‗1 ‟H‗1 Oh k`sbs c`rgho d`ctrh lo dècdlr y oh ghohrbh ls kl 699 gm k`s vldls ho kçh, fulrh kl ohs d`gbkhs ` d`g` lclgh rldtho, slmñc dhs`. Oh hrtlgbsbcbch ls rlohvhglctl slmurh d`c p`d`s lfldt`s slduckhrb`s, bcdous` lc k`sbs hoths (gèxbg` =9 gm/jm p`r kçh) lc lo trhthgblct` kl oh ghohrbh y h d`rt` pohz`. Lstlvbh (Ttlvbh rlehukbhch) Oh ghy`rçh kl o`s pr`eolghs gès d`gucls kl shouk lc oh s`dblkhk `ddbklctho kl n`y lc kçh, d`g` p`r lalgpo` oh `elsbkhk lxdlsbvh, lstèc rlohdb`chk`s kbrldthglctl d`c lo lxdlsbv` d`csug` kl hzñdhrls, ghy`rbthrbhglctl kl hzñdhr eohcd`, yh slh kl g`k` kbrldt`, ` bcdoubk` lc pr`kudt`s kl hobglcthdbôc lctrl sus bcmrlkblct bcmrlkblctls. ls. \ch lxdlolctl hotlrchvh ho hzñdhr rlchkh, ls uch pohcth oohghkh lstlvbh (Ttlvbh rlehukbhch), qul ls uch pohcth glkbdbcho kuodl, kuod l, pr`dlklctl klo Yhrhmuhy y Erhsbo, k`ckl sl khc uchs d`ckbdb`cls guy eulchs phrh su drldbgblct`. Lc Tukhgârbdh sl oh uobzh klskl nhdl dblct`s d blct`s kl hø`s p`r su fulrtl kuoz`r chturho. chturho. Kl nldn`, ls uchs 89-49 vldls gès kuodl qul lo hzñdhr, hzñdhr, hklgès sbc dho`rçhs. Hucqul c` sl rlpr`kudl d`c fhdbobkhk slgerhck` ohs slgboohs, kl ohs qul c` sulolc mlrgbchr gès kl uc 8<%, sl guopobdh eblc p`r lsqulals. O`s bckb`s muhrhcçls oh ushr`c y sbmulc lgpolhck` d`g` lkuod`rhctl y hklgès, d`g` pohcth glkbdbcho. Loo`s oh uobzhc phrh f`rtholdlr lo d`rhzôc y oh v`oucthk y thgebâc d`g` uc rlglkb` ldhz d`ctrh oh nbplrtlcsbôc hrtlrbho, 898 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh oh `elsbkhk y oh hdbklz lst`ghdho. Oh oohghc ‟Jh‒h nl‒l‗ ‛nblreh kuodl‛ y, durb`shglctl, plrtlcldl h oh gbsgh fhgbobh kl o`s mbrhs`ols. Lc Ahpôc sl oh uobzh klskl nhdl gès kl 49 hø`s d`g` lkuod`rhctl chturho. O`s prbcdbphols lxp`rthk`rls kl pr`kudt` hdhehk` n`y lc kçh s`c Dnbch l Bckbh. Lo lstlvbôsbk` pur` ls uchs 499 vldls gès kuodl qul lo hzñdhr, plr` dhrldl kl t`khs ohs susthcdbhs chturhols y glkbdbchols kl oh pohcth. Nhsth nhdl uc`s hø`s, oh lstlvbh lstheh pr`nbebkh lc oh bckustrbh hmr`hobglcthrbh. Ylr` h chols klo 599> lc Lsthk`s \cbk`s, oh FKH hut`rbzô su us` d`g` lkuod`rhctl, y lc 5992 sl olmhobzô lc Frhcdbh. Lc Lsthk`s \cbk`s, oh FKH oh pr`nbebô lc 8228, sbc hrmuglcthr su bolmhobzhdbôc. bolmhobz hdbôc. T`rprlcklctlglctl, homuc`s kl o`s rlsp`csheols kl lsth kldbsbôc, klahr`c p`d` klspuâs sus dhrm`s lc oh FKH y phshr`c h slr lgpolhk`s kl oh d`gphøçh Cutrhswllt, qul surmbô kl G`cshct`. Y`d` klspuâs, lo fhoo` sl rlvbrô, y duhck` ohs lgprlshs D`dh-D`oh y Dhrmboo `etuvblr`c 5; phtlctls kl rlebhch ‛oh susthcdbh kuodl kl oh lstlvbh‛ phrh lckuozhr elebkhs y `tr`s hobglct`s, oh FKH hut`rbzô sbc pr`eolghs, lc lo hø` 599>, lo pr`kudt` [ruvbh℥ d`g` lkuod`rhctl chturho, hucqul d`ctlcmh uch guy ehah pr`p`rdbôc kl lstlvbh y `tr`s d`gp`clctls hmrlmhk`s, mrhdbhs h o`s qul nh p`kbk` slr phtlct phtlcthk`, hk`, sôo` d`clcl uc rlehukbôsbk` y c` ohs susthcdbhs hdvhs kl oh lstlvbh, qul rlsuothc thc ñols phrh oh shouk. Tl nh vbst` dôg` dhgphøhs kl klsbcf`rghdbôc lc oh \cbôc Lur`plh, bcbdbhkhs p`r o`s rlprlslcthctls kl oh bckustrbh klo hzñdhr, bcsmhehc h o`s d`csugbk`rls d`ctrh lo us` kl oh lstlvbh. Klspuâs kl bcf`rghr s`erl oh prlsucth dhrdbc`mlcbdbkhk kl oh Ttlvbh rlehukbhch, lc oh qul holmhehc qul dhushrçh lstlrbobkhk ` ho glc`s klebobthrçh oh p`tlcdbh ghsduobch supulst` lfldt` slduckhrb`‛ sbc d`cthr d`c cbcmñc lstukb` dblcd`‛d`g` ho rlspldt`, âsths prlsucdb`cls fulr`c rlfuthkhs d`c bcvlsmhdb`cls lxnhusvhs qul sl oolvhr`c h dhe` lc oh \cbvlrsbkhk kl Yhkuh. Tb fulrh hsç, o`s chv`s klo Yhrhmuhy slrçhc lstârbols h lsths hoturhs. Ls uc hrmuglct` t`thoglctl hesurk`, yh qul oh nhc uobzhk` kurhctl sbmo`s, lc su lsthk` gès pur`. O`s lstukb`s dblcd`s kl oh pohcth nhc p`kbk` rlvlohr qul sus n`ahs d`clclc gès kl 899 bcmrlkblctls hdv`s kbflrlctls. O`s d`gp`clctls prbcdbphols gès bgp`rthctls s`c vhrbhs susthcdbhs d`g` o`s tlrplc`s, eb`hv`c`bkls y o`s rlsp`csheols kl o`s moudôsbk`s kl ohs pohcths, lspldbhoglctl lo lstlvbôsbk` y lo kuodôsbk`. O`s moudôsbk`s (lstlvbôsbk`, (lstlvbôsbk`, rlehusbôsbk`) s`c g`oâduohs lstheols, qul phshc h trhvâs klo trhdt` kbmlsv` prèddhglctl sbc slr hotlrhkhs. Yulst` qul c` sl glthe`obzhc, lo cbvlo kl hzñdhr lc oh shcmrl c` sl vl hfldthk`. 895 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 Lxbstlc vhrb`s lstukb`s, bcdous` kl k`eol dblm`, qul klgulstrhc oh ldhdbh kl oh lstlvbh d`ctrh oh nbplrtlcsbôc, ho bmuho qul lo drldbgblct` ehdtlrbhc` y oh bcnbebdbôc klo drldbgblct` klo dècdlr Z<, 6, =, >, 2W. Vhrb`s tlsg`cb`s, bckbdhc qul oh d`gebchdbôc klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` d`c oh lstlvbh ful ldhz d`ctrh oh kbheltls. Hucqul nhy dhs`s k`ckl c` sl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr cbcm ñc lfldt`, cbcmñc lxbstlc `tr`s lxbstlc k`ckllc nue` uch rlgbsbôc oh lcflrglkhk y c`rghobzhdbôc kl o`s cbvlols klo hzñdhr shcmrl. Oh k`sbs kl t`ghkh slrçh1 oh pohcth lc p`ov` lc oh dhckhk kl uch dudnhrhkbth ho kçh. Nhy k`duglcthkh gès bcf`rghdbôc lc o`s pr`t`d`o`s lspldçdhk`s gès hklohctl. Jhohcdn`l (Ery`pnyooug khbmrlg`ctbhcug) H trhvâs kl A`slp Yégbls kl oh Hs`dbhdbôc ‟Kuodl Ulv`oudbôc kl ohs Yohcths Glkbdbchols‗, oolmuâ h d`c`dlr uch pohcth d`c lo c`gerl kl ‟Jhohcdn`l‗. Âo gl d`ctô hdlrdh kl sus pr`pblkhkls tlrhpâudhs, tlrhpâudhs, ohs duhols s`c guy bctlrlshctls, s`erl t`k` lc lo tlgh klo dècdlr. C`s kb` uch n`abth kl oh duho er`thehc homuc`s pohctlols y oolvèck`oh h dhsh c`s kbg`s dulcth kl qul lsth pohcth tlcçh uch rlsbstlcdbh bgprlsb`chctl. Kurhctl glsls, lsth n`ah sl ghctlcçh lstheol y oulm` lgplzheh h guopobdhrsl h trhvâs kl sus pohctlols, kl tho ghclrh qul n`y oh tlrrhzh kl dhsh oh tlcm` oolch kl Jhohcdn`ls, drldblck` h kblstr` y sbcblstr`. Lc lstl dhs` sl trhtheh kl oh Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch (Ery`pnyooug khbmrlg`chcug)) y oh Jhohcdn`l pbcchth khbmrlg`chcug pbcchth (Ery`pnyooug pbcchtug, Ery`pnyooug dhoydbcug), eusdhck` lc oh obtlrhturh dblcdh kl glkbdbch, prbcdbphoglctl sl lcdulctrhc lstukb`s s`erl ‟Jhohcdn`l pbcchth‗, pr`dlklctl kl Hgârbdh klo Tur, k`ckl sl oh uobzh d`ctrh pbdhkurhs kl bcsldt`s, nlrbkhs, ñodlrhs, y `trhs lcflrglkhkls lcflrglkhk ls kl oh pblo. Z89W phrh trhthr lcflrglkhkls nlpèdhs, khk` su Lc elcldb`s` uc lstukb` kl sl usô lfldt` lcohloBckbh nçmhk` . Tl nh p`kbk` klg`strhr su lfldt` hcnbsthhcnbsth Z88W gçcbd` rlhobzhk` bc vbtr` d`c dâouohs hbsohkhs . Lo oçqubk` prlcshk` kl sus n`ahs klg`strô tlclr lfldt` hcehdtlrbhc` Z85, 84W. Lstukb`s lc r`lk`rls kl ohe`rht`rb` rlvlohr`c qul lo lxtrhdt` lcl pr`pblkhkls hcbchght`rbhs, hckbheâdhs y hchcèombdhs (d`ctrh lo k`o`r) Z8;W. Lc lo 599< `tr`s lstukb`s d`c rht`cls klg`strhr`c qul lo lxtrhdt` kl ohs n`ahs Jhohcdn`l pbcchth, lclc uc lfldt` d`ctrh uodlrhdb`cls klo lstôghm`, bcdous` sb lstèc bckudbk`s p`r glkbdhglct`s. [hgebâc sl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr qul lo lxtrhdt` kl ohs n`ahs d`clcl g`oâduohs hc dhcdlrçmlchs d`ctrh t`xbchs guthmâcbdhs d`g` lo 5-hgbc`hctrhdlc` Z86W, k`ckl klg`strô su hdvbkhk hcdhcdlr`sh lc dâouohs hbsohkhs, kl nldn` sl nh hbsohk` kl oh pohcth oh erb`obch-H y oh erb`obch-E, lxnbeblck` su p`tlcdbho hcdhcdlr`s` Z8=, 8>W. Ho gbsg` lgp` lcl dhphdbkhk hcvbrho, k`ckl lc uc`s lstukb`s sl puk` 894 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh d`gpr`ehr su ldhdbh phrh d`gehr lo vbrus kl Lpstlbc-Ehrr Z82W, d`c âxbt`, ho bmuho qul sl nh p`kbk` g`strhr qul lo lxtrhdt` kl ohs n`ahs bcnbel lo vbrus klo nlrpls Z59W l bcdous` oh rlpobdhdbôc klo vbrus klo sbkh (VBN) lc o`s obcf`dbt`s Z58W qul s`c ohs dâouohs d âouohs shcmuçclhs kl klflcsh. Lc lo n`spbtho ucbvlrsbthrb` kl Qurbdn (Tubzh), sl oh nh uobzhk` phrh rlkudbr Z55, 54, 5;W ohs d`ctrhddb`cls utlrbchs prlghturhs Lstl nldn` lstè lc oh `eslrvhdbôc kl qul oh pohcth lc rht`cls lcl. lfldt` slkhctl y lsehshk` rlohahctl gusduohr Z5<W. [x1 Oh pohcth d`clcl eufhkblcôobk`s, uc vlclc` qul hdtñh d`g` gldhcbsg` quçgbd` kl klflcsh. Lc o` qul sl rllrl h oh t`xbdbkhk, nhy qul rld`rkhr sblgprl1 oh dhckhk nhdl lo vlclc`. \c hkuot` p`r o` thct` klelrçh d`glr ;99 m kl Jhohcdn`l phrh bct`xbdhrsl, d`sh p`d` pr`eheol, hucqul sç lxbstlc dhs`s kl t`xbdbkhk oltho, oltho, d`g` p`r lalgpo`, duhck` lo mhchk` `vbc` sl d`gbô ohs `rls kl Z56W oh gbsgh pohcth, qul p`r o` vbst`, lclc uc lfldt` gudn` gès d`ctucklctl . \ch k`sbs kl 8< nhsth 49 m sl d`csbklrh slmurh lc lo hkuot` kl <9 h 899 jbo`s, p`r o` thct` sl klel rlkudbr kl ghclrh lqubvholctl lqubvholctl sb sl trhth kl cbø`s. Oh Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch ful bcvlsmhkh p`r ]hmclr, Fbsdnlr y O`lr, uc mrup` kl bcvlsmhk`rls holghcls qul pukblr`c hbsohr, lc 82>;, oh khbmrlg`chcbch Z5=W. O`s kht`s klo lspldtr`, k`s prbcdbpb`s tôxbd`s kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch, sl hbsohr`c y fulr`c lstrudturhoglctl dohsbdhk`s d`g` eufhkblcôobk`s d`c uc bcusuho phtrôc kl sustudbôc. Oh khbmrlg`chcbch, uc culv` d`gpulst`, y lo `rt`hdltht` kl 8,4,<elrshoklmlcbch, elrshoklmlcbc h, qul thgebâc sl lcd`ctrô lc oh Jhohcdn`l tueb`rh, tueb`rh, gulstrhc uc lfldt` slkhctl, bc`trôpbd` p`sbv` y thgebâc hdvbkhk lc lo sbstlgh clrvb`s` dlctrho.`O`s klprls`rls klo sbstlgh clrvb`s`qul dlctrho h vldls d`c`dbk`s d`g` slkhctls trhcqubobzhctls, s`c susthcdbhs pulklc kbsgbcubr oh hdvbkhk dlrlerho. Lx1 Gbs lxplrblcdbhs y o`s tlsg`cb`s hp`rthk`s nhc sbk` lxdlolctls lc t`k`s o`s dhs`s. Tl nh uobzhk` d`gblck` oh n`ah, rlhobzhck` lgpohstls lgpohstls kl plqulø` y mrhc thghø`, ghctlcblck` oh pblo thphkh d`c lcv`oturh kl poèsd` kurhctl 5; n`rhs. D`g` m`ths lc o`s `a`s kbrldthglctl, klg`strô uc lfldt` hcfucmbdbkh, hcehdtlrbhc` y hcphrhsbthrb` (hucqul lsduldl kurhctl uc`s 8< slmuck`s hpr`xbghkhglctl). Lsth pohcth ls guy lfldvh phrh o`s khø`s dlouohrls y tug`rhols (d`c rlsuothk`s hs`ger`s`s lc dhs`s tlrgbchols kl dècdlr), rlughsg`, 89; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 bchghdb`cls, nbplrtlcsbôc, dôobd`s rlchols, kbhrrlhs, nlrbkhs pr`fuckhs y mhcmrlchkhs, mhcmrlch khs, bcflddb`cls, qulghkurhs, hesdls`s… y durb`shglctl d urb`shglctl sl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr su ldhdbh lc gudn`s dhs`s kl lsqubz`frlcbh, drbsbs kl pècbd`, gblk`s, qubzès klebk` h su lfldt` hcphrhsbthrb`. Tl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr ho ghsdhrbcdous` oh n`ah k`ckl qul uchloolcmuh dhckbkbhsbs sl hdohrô d`gpolthglctl, kbôxbk`hfldthkh kl do`r`p`r c` tuv` uc lfldt` shsfhdt`rb`. Yltrôol`1 shchk`r ucbvlrsho [rlglcch y pltrôol`, klsohk`s sbgbohrls ho qulr`slc`, nhc sbk` uobzhk`s d`c cls glkbdbchols klskl oh hcmÿlkhk y t`khvçh sbmulc sblck` uobzhk`s d`g` rlglkb`s p`puohrls. Lc oh hcmuh Ehebo`cbh sl uobzô phrh trhthr pr`eolghs lst`ghdhols, bchghdb`cls y ñodlrhs. Lo pr`dls` kl klsohdbôc klo pltrôol` druk` / pltrôol` lc frhddb`cls kl nbkr`dhreur`, khth p`r prbglrh vlz klo sbmo` B^ lc Ylrsbh. Lo us` kl lst`s pr`kudt`s klrbvhk`s klo pltrôol` lstè gès lxtlckbk` lc o`s phçsls y rlmb`cls gès p`erls1 lctrl loo`s Uusbh, Lur`ph klo Lstl y Èfrbdh. Lo pltrôol` ls uc klsohk` kl hdlbtl gbclrho, uobzhk` d`g` d`geuseol ` kbs`ovlctl. Ls uc oçqubk` c` y dohr`, d`csbstlctl lc uch glzdoh kl nbkr`dhreur`s shturhk`s, qul nblrvlc lctrl 8;<-8=9 ¹D y 5=<-499 ¹D. Hucqul lo pltrôol` sl pulkl lxtrhlr h phrr klo dhreôc, sl klrbvh prbcdbphoglctl kl oh rlchdbôc kl pltrôol` druk`. Lo gès rld`glckhk` phrh cls tlrhpâud`s ls lo kl 8=9 ¹D. Oh phoherh ‟Jlr`slcl‗ sl uobzh lc Hustrhobh, Dhchkè, Culvh Qlohckh y Lsthk`s \cbk`s. Lo qulr`slc` sl oohgh ‟phrhch‗ lc lo Ulbc` \cbk`, suklstl kl Hsbh y Èfrbdh klo Tur, gblctrhs qul lc Holghcbh y `trhs phrtls kl Lur`ph Dlctrho sl oohgh ‟âtlr kl pltrôol`‗ y, d`c cls glkbdbchols, lxbstl oh ‟vhslobch‗. Oh phoherh ‟Jlr`sbc‗ ls ushkh lc holgèc phrh ‟d`geuseol kl hvbhdbôc‗. Lc Lsphøh sl d`c`dl d`g` pltrôol`. Lc Cbmlrbh, horlklk`r klo =9% kl oh p`eohdbôc, ush pr`kudt`s klrbvhk`s klo pltrôol` d`c cls glkbdbchols Z5>W. Ohs hpobdhdb`cls gès d`gucls s`c phrh ohs lcflrglkhkls bcflddb`shs, lcflrglkhkls hut`bcgucls, dècdlr, hrtrbs y lcflrglkhkls rlugèdhs lc mlclrho. \c hrduo` s`erl s `erl gbdr`eb`s gulstrh qul, lc ohs lcflrglkh lcflrglkhkls kls glcdb`chkhs hctlrb`rglctl, lxbstl uc drldbgblct` lxdlsbv` kl n`cm`s, gbdr`eb`s y `tr`s phtômlc`s lc oh shcmrl Z52W. Yhrldl qul lo lfldt` durhv` klo pltrôol` sl klel h su hddbôc s`erl n`cm`s y gbdr`eb`s, plrgblck` qul lo sbstlgh bcgucl lobgbcl o`s rlsthct rlsthctls ls phtômlc`s y dâouohs dâouohs hc`rghols lc o`s tug`rls y ôrmhc`s ôrmhc`s hfldthk`s. hfldthk`s. Z49W 89< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [rhs uch d`gphrhdbôc d`c vhrb`s klsbcfldthctls, sl lcd`ctrô qul lo pltrôol` lcl su lfldt` gès fulrtl lc oh suprlsbôc kl oh dèckbkh. Lstl pulkl slr lo sldrlt` klo âxbt` durhv` klo pltrôol`, suprbgl oh dèckbkh, plr` thgebâc fucdb`ch d`ctrh vbrus y gbdr`eb`s gbd r`eb`s c`dbv`s, sbc hphrlctl khø` kl oh `rh bctlscho c`rgho. U`djlfloolr lc sus d`gblcz`s, slnba` klkbdô h ohlcd`ctrhrh vlcth kl pltrôol` d`g` uch durhEboo d`ctrh lo dècdlr, hctls kl qul su Khvbk gès thrkl qul oh qubgb`tlrhpbh lrh gès oudrhvh. H phrr kl oh obtlrhturh kbsp`cbeol y p`r lxplrblcdbh pr`pbh, oolm` h oh d`cdousbôc kl qul oh tlrhpbh kl pltrôol` pulkl slr uch eulch ghclrh kl d`ctr`ohr o`s gbdr`eb`s, phtômlc`s y phrèsbt`s kl oh shcmrl y kl o`s bctlsc` bctlsc`s. s. Lc uc f`r` holgèc qul olç hdlrdh kl uc dhs` kl dèckbkh slvlrh qul ful lcd`ctrhkh lc uc hcèobsbs kl nldls gbdr`ebhchs, sl puk` d`gpr`ehr oh rlsbstlcdbh kl oh dèckbkh h o`s glkbdhglct`s d`cvlcdb`chols d`cvlcdb`chols y klspuâs kl uobzhr pltrôol`, pltrôol`, t`k`s o`s pr`eolghs rlohdb`chk`s d`c oh dèckbkh klshphrldblr`c, ho bmuho qul ohs rlhddb`cls hoârmbdhs h vhrb`s hobglct`s Z48W. \c hcèobsbsd`ckbdb`cls. kl ohs nldls kl slmubgblct` slmubgblct`,, g`strô qul oh `rh bctlscho lstheh lstheh lc lxdlolctls Lc 828;, Dnhrols @sdhr Fryl, ful hut`r kl uc f`oolt` d`c lo tuo`1 ‟Lo kltlrb`r` kl o`s puog`cls y lcflrglkhkls hcls, trhthkh y durhkh d`c pltrôol`‗ y d`c lo suetuo`1 ‟Tu vho`r d`g` rlglkb`, duèck` ushro`, dôg` ushro`, uch durh phrh lo lcflrg`, uch pr`tlddbôc h ohs plrs`chs lc ghtlrbh kl shouk‗, k`ckl vlcbh lspldbdho` d`g` uobzhr oh bcnhohdbôc lc hlr`s`o phrh trhthr d`c âxbt` oh tuelrduo`sbs puog`chr, 8 ` 5 puovlrbzhdb`cls k`s vldls ho kçh kurhctl 8 h ; glsls. Yhrh pr`eolghs bctlrc`s, sl rld`glckô oh gbthk kl uch dudnhrbooh k`s vldls ho kçh Z45W. O D Dè Y M1 Lo huml kl uobzhr pltrôol` d`g` durh klo dècdlr, d`glczô lc oh kâdhkh kl 82<9. Yhuoh Mhcclr, uch gualr hustrbhdh kl 48 hø`s, kbhmc`sdhkh d`c gltèsthsbs gltèsth sbs kl dècdlr y phrèobsbs kl d`o`c, klspuâs kl oh dbrumçh ful klshnudbhkh p`r phrtl kl sus gâkbd`s. Lc Lur`ph klo Lstl, lo pltrôol` ful uobzhk` d`g` uch durh phrh gudnhs lcflrglkhkls, y looh d`glczô h t`ghr uch dudnhrhkh dhkh kçh. Klspuâs kl trls kçhs, puk` olvhcthrsl kl oh dhgh y, 88 glsls klspuâs, kb` h ouz h uc cbø` shc`…(!) H o`s trls hø`s, su cbø` d`ctrha` oh p`ob` y sl durô d`c uch dudnhrhkbth kl pltrôol` ho kçh, kurhct kurhctll `dn` kçhs. Mhcclr d`glczô oh kbfusbôc kl oh bcf`rghdbôc s`erl o`s s`rprlcklctls rlsuothk`s us` kl pltrôol` phrh t`k` p`, kl klâxbt`. shouk y d`c o`s hø`s rldbebôklo 59.999 dhrths kl hmrhkldbgblct`, hmrhkldbgblct` d`cpr`eolghs nbst`rbhs kl 896 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 Oh ghy`r phrtl kl bcf`rghdbôc s`erl lo us` kl pltrôol`, d`g` uch durh phrh lo dècdlr, surmbô lc Holghcbh. H d`ccuhdbôc, sl dbthc homuc`s lxtrhdt`s kl o`s tlsg`cb`s prlslcthk`s lc lo boustrhk` boust rhk` slghchrb` slghc hrb` holgèc ‟= [hml‗ [hml‗,, lctrl slplgerl slp lgerl Z44W kl 8262 y flerlr` 82=9 1 • \c plrr` klshrr`ooô lc lo duloo` uc tug`r klo thghø` klo puø`kl uc cbø` y sl ol kb` lo pltrôol` lc o`s tlrr`cls kl hzñdhr. Klspuâs kl k`s slghchs, lo dhrdbc`gh klshphrldbô. • Klspuâs kl phshr p`r oh dbrumçh dbrumçh klo dècdlr dècdlr kl ghgh, uch uch gualr (;>) klshrr`ooô tug`rls lc lo ñtlr`. Klspuâs kl t`ghr uch dudnhrhkbth kbhrbh kl pltrôol`, puk` klahr kl ushr oh g`rch, y klspuâs kl slbs slghchs, looh suplrô trls tug`rls. • @trh gualr t`gô uch dudnhrhkbth dudnhrhkbth kl kl pltrôol` trls trls vldls ho kçh kurhctl kurhctl k`s slghchs, y rlpbô lstl trhthgblct` klspuâs kl k`s slghchs kl klsdhcs`: lst` hklgès kl durhr su ñodlrh kl lstôghm`, phrh su s`rprlsh, durô su kbheltls. • \c n`gerl durô uc pr`eolgh kl prôsthth mrhvl (c` sl glcdb`ch sb sl trhtheh kl dècdlr) glkbhctl oh t`gh kl uch dudnhrhkbth kl pltrôol` dhkh ghøhch y thrkl, kurhctl duhtr` slghchs. Gès thrkl, sl s`erlpus` h uch ñodlrh kl lstôghm` kl oh gbsgh ghclrh. Tu nba` uobzô d`c âxbt` lo pltrôol` phrh durhrsl kl uc pr`eolgh drôcbd` kl oh vlabmh y durô h su plrr` kl oludlgbh, trhs sbltl slghchs ushck` lo pltrôol`. • \ch gualr (69) klspuâs kl qul ol lxrphrhc lxrphrhc su pldn` klrldn`, klrldn`, klshrr`ooô dècdlr p`stlrb`rglctl lc su pldn` bzqublrk`. [`gô plrbôkbdhglctl uch dudnhrhkbth kl pltrôol` trls vldls ho kçh kurhctl k`s slghchs y oulm` sl kltuv` kurhctl 89 kçhs. C` tuv` gès pr`eolghs kl dècdlr, cb gès gblk` h oh lcflrglkhk. • \ch gualr a`vlc a`vlc (4<) ful ful lcvbhkh h dhsh h g`rbr d`c uc uc mrhc tug`r tug`r bc`plrheol lc lo pècdrlhs, qul sl lxtlckbô h ohs moèckuohs suprhrrlchols. Ho duhrt` kçh lc su dhsh, sl klsplrtô erlvlglctl kl uc d`gh y sl ol kb` uch dudnhrhkh kl pltrôol`. N`rhs gès thrkl, g`strô o`s prbglr`s sbmc`s kl gla`rh, y klspuâs kl duhtr` kçhs, d`csbmubô olvhcthrsl kl oh dhgh. D`ccuô d`c oh durh kl pltrôol` kurhctl `tr`s 89 kçhs, y klspuâs kl nhdlr uchs prulehs p`stlrb`rglctl lc lo n`spbtho kl Mrhz, ful khkh kl hoth. • Klspuâs kl slbs kçhs kl oh uobzhdbôc uobzhdbôc kl pltrôol`, pltrôol`, uch gualr d`c dâouohs tug`rhols gulrths (lo p` kl dècdlr c` sl glcdb`ch), t`gô pltrôol` kurhctl 45, 5< y 8; kçhs, d`c culvl kçhs kl klsdhcs` lctrl dhkh t`gh. H o`s 8; kçhs, lo `o`r pbd` klo dècdlr tlrgbcho klshphrldbô. D`g` uc hmrhkheol lfldt` slduckhrb`, thgebâc ful durhkh kl sus pr`eolghs rlugèd`s. • \ch gualr (6>) d`c d`c prlsbôc hrtlrbho hrtlrbho hoth, pr`eolghs pr`eolghs kl d`rhzôc, d`rhzôc, kl dbrduohdbôc y rlughsg`, hplchs p`kçh dhgbchr. Klspuâs kl duhtr` 89= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh slghchs t`ghck` lo pltrôol`, uc hgbm` ol prlmuctô quâ lstheh nhdblck`, puls phrldçh kl rlplctl gudn` gès a`vlc. Tu ghrbk`, qul tlcçh o`rk`sbs, rlhobzh klp`rtl d`c c`rghobkhk. Duhck` h vldls sblctl uc p`d` kl k`o`r lc uc dobgh frç`, looh fr`th su dulrp` d`c uch lsp`cah g`ahkh lc pltrôol` y klah qul sl hes`reh, lst` lobgbch rèpbkhglctl su k`o`r. • \ch gualr d`c dècdlr dècdlr kl d`o`c lstheh lstheh vbsth phrh phrh d`o`st`gçh d`o`st`gçh (phrh lobgbchr su d`o`c y tlclr uch e`osh lqubphkh). Lc dhgeb`, looh d`glczô h t`ghr dudnhrhkhs kl pltrôol`. C` nhdbh gudn` qul ol lstheh sudlkblck`, hsç qul t`gô dlrdh kl <9 go kl uch s`oh vlz, auct` d`c uch mrhc dhckhk kl gblo lc oh oldnl. Y`stlrb` Y`stlrb`rglctl rglctl tuv` duhtr` n`rhs kl kbhrrlh d`c shcmrl y pus y looh he`rtô su tug`r. @tr`s tlsg`cb`s glcdb`chc nhelr suplrhk` lo dècdlr kl nuls`, lo gblo`gh, oh `stl`p`r`sbs kl oh d`ougch vlrtlerho, pr`eolghs kbmlsv`s kbmlsv`s slvlr`s, pr`eolghs mhstr`bctlschols, vôgbt`s d`csthctls, rlughsg` y pr`eolghs dbèd`s. Yhuoh Mhcclr hphrlctlglctl nh ushk` y rld`glckhk` hklgès, ` lc oumhr kl pltrôol` purbdhk`, ‟Chpntnhelczbc‗ ` ‟Tblklmrlczelczbc Glrdj C.± 8==9‗, d`c uc rhcm` kl leuoobdbôc kl 899-8;9 ¹D - TEY 899/8;9), tho d`g` sl uobzh phrh oh obgpblzh kl ohs nlrbkhs y d`g` uc kbs`ovlctl lc o`s ohe`rht`rb`s. (Lo bctlrvho` kl leuoobdbôc ls lo rhcm` kl tlgplrhturh kl oh klsohdbôc lc ohe`rht`rb` kl uc hdlbtl, klskl lo bcbdb` nhsth oh lvhp`rhdbôc kl t`khs ohs frhddb`cls sl nhyh d`gpolthk`). [rlglctbch1 ‟`trh tlrhpbh phchdlh‗ Hklgès klo pltrôol`, oh trlglcch sl uobzheh hctlrb`rglctl d`g` trhthgblct` ldhz. Oh [rlglcch chturho d`gucglctl sl vlckl d`g` ‟oh trlglcch‗ y sl uobzh nhebtuhoglctl lc k`sbs guy ehahs y d`c glc`r frldulcdbh qul lo pltrôol`. Ful lspldbhoglctl vho`rhkh vho`rhkh p`r sus pr`pblkhkls hcsâpdhs hcsâpdhs y kburâdhs y d`g` uc trhthgblct` guy ldhz d`ctrh o`s phrèsbt`s bctlschols. Oh trlglcch ls klsohkh h phrr kl kbflrlctls kbflrlctls vhrblkhkls kl pbc`s. Tlmñc ]bjbplkbh1 ‟oh trlglcch lrh uch glkbdbch d`gñc lctrl o`s ghrbclr`s kurhctll oh lrh kl o`s klsduerbgblct`s, y uc` kl o`s vhrb`s pr`kudt`s trhcsp`rthk`s kurhct h e`rk` kl oh `th kl Flrchck` kl Ghmhoohcls, lc su prbglrh dbrducchvlmhdbôc klo mo`e`.‗ Yhrh lxpuoshr oh tlcbh, hcmuhglctl sl sugbcbstrheh uch fulrtl k`sbs kl uch h k`s dudnhrhkhs kl lslcdbh mlclrh oglctl oh gbsgh dhckhk kl hdlbtl kl rbdbc`kllctrlglcch, oldnl. Lst` mlclrhoglctl sl rlplh dhkhglzdohkh k`s ` trlsd`c kçhs, nhsth qul o`s frhmglct`s klo mushc` klahehc kl hphrldlr lc ohs nldls. Yhrh o`s 89> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 cbø`s, oh rldlth lrh gès suhvl1 uch dudnhrhkbth kl hzñdhr, trls ` duhtr` m`ths kl lslcdbh kl trlglcch y uch dudnhrhkbth kl hdlbtl kl rbdbc`. Oh k`dt`rh Alccbflr Khcblos, klsduerbô qul o`s lsdohv`s hglrbdhc`s tlcçhc uc rlglkb` sldrlt` qul o`s ghctuv` oberls kl lcflrglkhkls1 uch dudnhrhkbth kl lslcdbh kl trlglcch glzdohkh d`c uch dudnhrhkbth kl hzñdhr eohcd`, t`ghkh p`r plrç`k`s d`rt`s, vhrbhs vldls ho hø`. Looh hk`ptô lstl rlglkb` d`g` uch tlrhpbh lxbt`sh d`ctrh oh dèckbkh1 olcthglctl olcthglc tl vblrth uch dudnhrhkbth kl lslcdbh kl trlglcch s`erl tlrr`cls kl hzñdhr ` uch dudnhrhkbth rlk`cklhkh kl hzñdhr eohcd` phrh qul o` hes`reh t`k`. Oulm` sl bcmblrlc o`s tlrr`cls ` lo hzñdhr lgphphkh y p`stlrb`rglctl sl elel hmuh. Ho slr oh dèckbkh htrhçkh p`r lo hzñdhr, dhl fèdboglctl prlsh kl lsth susthcdbh y ls lobgbchkh Z4;W. Oh Krh. Khcblos mlclrhoglctl rld`gblckh nhdlr lst` k`s vldls h oh slghch kurhctl vhrbhs vhrbhs slghchs, plr` lc uc prbcdbpb` t`k`s o`s kçhs. D`c dèckbkh h ohrm` pohz`, d`ccñl nhsth qul sl s`oudb`cl lo pr`eolgh (o` qul pulkl `durrbr d`c s`rprlcklctl rhpbklz). Lc lo f`r` kl bctlrclt www.tlrhpbhschturhols.go, gl lcd`ctrâ d`c homuc`s tlsg`cb`s qul klgulstrhc qul lsth tlrhpbh kl nldn` fucdb`cô phrh lsths plrs`chs. Oh Krh. Khcblos hrgh qul hctls kl d`glczhr oh tlrhpbh kl trlglcch, ls lslcdbho prlphrhrsl eleblck` gudnh hmuh, oh hk`pdbôc kl uch kblth hklduhkh hcdèckbkh y oh obgpblzh klo bctlsc`. Lc lsth lthph, ls cldlshrb` d`cthr d`c trls lvhduhdb`cls kbhrbhs, kl o` d`ctrhrb` o`s phtômlc`s pulklc lctrhr lc oh shcmrl. Oh trlglcch kl m`gh lcl uc lfldt` gudn` gès fulrtl qul lo pltrôol` y homuc`s bckbvbku`s lxplrbglcthr`c pr`eolghs kl lquboberb` tlgp`rho. Yhrh uc hkuot`, 8 dudnhrhkbth p`r kçh sl d`csbklrh oh k`sbs gèxbgh. Lc su bcf`rgl, oh Krh. Khcblos thgebâc lsdrbebô qul oh prbglrh lkbdbôc klo ‟Ghcuho Glrdj‗ kl trhthgbl trhthgblct`s ct`s hklduhk`s y hdlpthk`s phrh ohs lcflrglkhkls rld`c`dbkhs, pueobdhk` lc lo hø` 8>22, hrgheh qul oh tlrhpbh kl oh trlglcch, lrh ldhz phrh uch hgpobh mhgh kl d`ckbdb`cls, bcdouylck` oh m`c`rrlh, glcbcmbs, hrtrbs, pr`eolghs hek`gbchols y oh lcflrglkhk puog`chr. Durb`shglctl, lo ‟Ghcuho Glrdj‗ klo hø` 8222 s`o` glcdb`ch o`s ‟tlrrbeols lfldt`s kl oh bct`xbdhdbôc bct`xbdhdbôc p`r oh trlglcch, d`c oh klstruddbôc kl o`s rbø`cls y o`s puog`cls‗ Z4<W. D`gprlcklr lo lfldt` phchdlh1 Lo sldrlt` klo hphrlctl ‟lfldt` kl rlgbsbôc‗ pr`kudbk`s p`r lo pltrôol` y lo hmuhrrès, pulklc slr kl lctlckbk`s d`g` uch rlvlrsbôc kl o`s kl lfldt`s p`r ohs lcflrglkhkls oh glkbdbch g`klrch. Nhy lvbklcdbh qul ohdhushk`s ghy`rçh kl culstrhs lcflrglkhkls g`klrchs lrhc rhrhs lc sbmo`s hctlrb`rls. 892 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Ulohvhglctl p`dhs plrs`chs tlcçhc dècdlr, qul sôo` `dhsb`choglctl sudlkçh lc oh vlalz: lo hsgh, ohs holrmbhs y ohs lcflrglkhkls hut`bcgucls, thgebâc lrhc rhrhs. [`k` lst` dhgebô klspuâs kl oh Tlmuckh Mulrrh Guckbho, d`c lo us` mlclrhobzhk` mlclrhobz hk` kl hcebôd`s. Ho lobgbchr ohs ehdtlrbhs, sl holctô lo surmbgblct` y oh pr`phmhdbôc kl n`cm`s y gbd`pohsghs, qul lstèc lc oh rhçz kl oh ghy`rçh kl culstrhs lcflrglkhkls g`klrchs. Tb `eslrvh h o`s ère`ols klo e`squl ` h o`s ght`rrhols, vlrè qul homuc`s kl sus ghy`rls lclgbm`s s`c o`s n`cm`s y phrèsbt`s. D`g` klflcsh, ohs pohcths klshrr`oohr`c kbvlrshs lstrhtlmbhs quçgbdhs phrh ghthr ` rlplolr h sus hthdhctls, hthdhct ls, plrgblck` qul h phrr kl lsths rlhddb`cls quçgbdhs, gès thrkl sl lstheoldblrhc ohs ehsls y prbcdbpb`s kl oh glkbdbch t`tlrhpâudh. D`c`dlg`s y uobzhg`s lst`s pr`kudt`s eb`quçgbd`s1 d`g` lo hdlbtl kl ludhobpt`, hdlbtl kl cllg, hdlbtl klo ère`o klo tâ, lxtrhdt` kl n`ah kl `obv`, trlglcch y `tr`s hdlbtls lslcdbhols. Oh ghy`rçh kl lst`s hdlbtls sl d`gp`clc kl nbkr`dhreur`s, d`g` lo pltrôol`. Lo prbcdbpho quçgbd` kly oh trlglcch, hofh-Ybclc`, thgebâc lstè prlslctl lcd`gpulst` o`s hdlbtls kl r`glr` ludhobpt`. Lst`slohdlbtls lslcdbhols v`oèols, phrldlc tlclr uc lfldt` hcfñcmbd` gès fulrtl qul lo pltrôol`, plr` lo d`csug` frldulctl lc mrhckls dhckhkls, thgebâc pulkl dhushr khø` rlcho. Tbc lgehrm`, klel lctlcklrsl qul uc pr`mrhgh hcgbdr`ebhc` hcgbdr`ebhc` sôo` pulkl kltlclr uc hthqul hut`bcgucl d`g` uc prbglr phs` lslcdbho lc uc pr`dls` kl durhdbôc. C` rlphrh hut`gèdhglctl lo khø` qul yh sl nh nldn`. ]boobhg M. Dr``j, K`dt`r lc Glkbdbch, lc ‟Oh d`clxbôc kl oh olvhkurh‗ Z46W y `tr`s ober`s, klg`strô qul oh dèckbkh ls oh dhush sueyhdlct sueyhdlctll kl oh nbplrhdvbkhk. Hsç, HKK ` HKNK y lo husg` s`c sôo` kbflrlctls mrhk`s kl uch gbsgh kbsfucdbôc dlrlerho pr`v`dhkh p`r oh dèckbkh. Lxbstlc lvbklcdbhs kl qul uc prbcdbpho fhdt`r hmrhvhctl qul d`ckudl ho husg`, ls oh d`gebchdbôc kl oh dèckbkh y o`s d`gpulst`s kl vhrbhs vhduchs, p`sbeolglctl klebk` ho glrdurb` y h `tr`s hkbv`s tôxbd`s. °Xuâ pr`kudt`s ushr0 Lo pltrôol` klel slr eha` lc d`gpulst`s hr`gèd`s, hklgès kl d`cthr d`c uc bctlrvho` kl leuoobdbôc hklduhk`. Lst` ls eèsbdhglctl o` qul sbmcbdh ‟eha` `o`r‗ Z4=W. Yhrh vlr sb o`s pr`kudt`s kl `trhs d`gphøçhs ` lc `tr`s phçsls s`c hklduhk`s, nhy qul br ho sb` wle klo fherbdhctl y eusdhr oh N`ah kl Kht`s kl Tlmurbkhk klo Ghtlrbho. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth, qul lo pltrôol` pulkl slr vlckbk` eha` `tr`s c`gerls, thols d`g` ‟chh pltrôol`‗, ‟kbs`ovlctl kl nbkr`dhreur`‗ y ‟hmuhrrès gbclrho‗. 889 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 C` ls rld`glckheol uobzhr pr`kudt`s sbc d`c`dlr su puct` kl leuoobdbôc y d`gp`sbdbôc quçgbdh. O`s pr`kudt`s klelc yd`ctlclr nbkr`dhreur`s,`h glzdohs ehsl kl kl pltr`quçgbd`s hobfèd`s l bs`phrhchs, c` glkb`-sbctâd`s kbs`ovlctls lspldbhols qul lstèc kbsp`cbeols, d`g` hr`gèd`s oberls kl hmuhrrès gbclrho. Lc Holghcbh sl pulkl `etlclr Tnloo-T`o K;9, YHT (Tblklmrlczelczbc) 899/8;9 y trlglcch (Ehoshg-[lrplccöo). Lc mlclrho, lst`s pr`kudt`s pulklc lsthr kbsp`cbeols lc ghtlrbhols kl d`cstruddbôc y lckhs kl sugbcbstr`s kl pbcturh y mrhckls flrrltlrçhs. Tbc lgehrm`, sb uc eha` d`ctlcbk` kl d`gpulst`s hr`gèd`s ` pr`kudt` hr`ghzhk` c` lstè kbsp`cbeol, lct`cdls bcdous` lo pltrôol` c`rgho, d`c uc ghy`r d`ctlcbk` kl d`gpulst`s hr`gèd`s pulkl slr uobzhk`. C` ls gès tôxbd`, sôo` lcl uc `o`r fulrtl. Lo pr`kudt` rlhoglctl tôxbd` lc pltrôol` druk` y lc oh ghy`rçh kl o`s d`geuseols kl g`t`r, ls lo elcdlc`, plr` âstl lcl uc puct` kl leuoobdbôc gès eblc eha`, glc`r kl >9 ¹D, y p`r o` thct` c` ls uc pr`eolgh lc ohs frhddb`cls d`c uc puct` kl gès kl 899 ¹D kl leuoobdbôc. Lc d`ctrhstl d`c lo hmuhrrès gbclrho, qul ls sbgbohr ho pltrôol`, oh trlglcch chturho sl vlckl d`gñcglctl d`g` ‟trlglcch m`gh purh‗ ` ‟899% m`gh kl trlglcch‗ y sl ush d`g` kbs`ovlctl ` kbouylctl phrh oh pbcturh kl o`s hrsths y d`g` s`ovlctl mlclrho. Dô z ô è1 °Dôg` sl t`gh lo pltrôol` y p`r duèct` lgp` ls t`olrheol0 Homuc`s o` t`ghc duhck` cldlsbthc, gblctrhs quld`gñc `tr`s nhdlc uc dbdo` d`gpolt` dhkh hø`, sôo` d`g`o`prlvlcdbôc. \ch f`rgh kl nhdlro`, ls d`glczhr d`c uchs m`ths ` glkbh dudnhrhkbth, y oulm` d`ccuhr d`c uch dudnhrhkbth kurhctl uch ` k`s slghchs: sb c` phrldl klghsbhk`, sl pulkl huglcthr mrhkuhoglctl nhsth uch dudnhrhkh kurhctl uc lgp`, choglctl tlrgbchr d`c uch dudnhrhkbth, kurhctl uc t`tho kl slbs slghchs ` nhsth qul su pr`eolgh nhyh gla`rhk` gla`rhk` o` sudblctl. Yulkl slr hd`cslaheol nhdlr uc plrb`k` kl slmubgblct` gès d`rt`, ` gès ohrm`, k`s glsls gès thrkl. D`gñcglctl, lo pltrôol` sl t`gh uch vlz ho kçh, yh slh hctls klo klshyuc` ` hctls kl hd`sthrsl. \ch gualr lc su tlsg`cb`, supulsthglctl durô su dècdlr tlrgbcho yh tlcblck` gltèsthsbs lc t`k` lo dulrp` eleblck` uc vhs` kl pltrôol` slmubk` kl aum` kl fruths. Looh lsdrbebô qul ol dhusô kbhrrlh lxtrlgh y vôgbt`s kurhctl trls kçhs. 888 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh R` d`csbklr` qul lsth ls uch f`rgh plobmr`sh kl nhdlr lo trhthgblct`, yh qul lo pltrôol` pulkl dhushr vôgbt`s fèdboglctl fèdboglctl y lctrhr lc o`s puog`cls: lsth ls oh rhzôc p`r oh qul oh mlctl p`krçh g`rbr ho elelr pltrôol`. Ohs hoths k`sbs pulklc dhushr lfldt`s slduckhrb`s ho lobgbchr klghsbhk`s n`cm`s h oh vlz, pr`kudblck` d`g` ‟rlhddbôc‗ cèuslhs y fhmh. Ls gla`r huglcthr oh k`sbs mrhkuhoglctl phrh lvbthr ` gbcbgbzhr ohs rlhddb`cls fulrtls y klshmrhkheols, hucqul oh kbhrrlh ls guy d`gñc lc homñc g`glct`. Lc dhs` qul `durrh uch rlhddbôc, sl rlkudbrçh, ` sl bctlrrugpl lo trhthgblct`, nhsth nhsth qul sl rlduplrl kl f`rgh tlgp`rho. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul lo pltrôol` `th, y ls gla`r t`ghro` d`c lo lstôghm` vhdç` ` dhsb vhdç`. Oh ghclrh trhkbdb`cho d`csbstl lc p`clr vhrbhs m`ths s`erl lo hzñdhr hctls kl oh bcmlsôc. D e x1 Oh k`sbs nhebtuho d`csbstl lc t`ghr uch dudnhrhkh p`r uc plrç`k` obgbthk`, o` duho c` pr`v`dh t`xbdbkhk. Y`r o` thct`, lo plobmr` rlho klo pltrôol` c` vblcl p`r su t`xbdbkhk lc sç gbsgh, sbc` gès eblc, p`r lo nldn` kl qul oolmul lo vôgbt` h o`s puog`cls, pr`kudblck` hn`mhgblct`, trhs bcmlrbr uch mrhc dhckhk kl ghclrh hddbklctho ` lc uc bctlct` kl subdbkb`, y lst` kl nldn`, p`krçh dhushr oh gulrtl. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth, qul bcdous` tlclr sôo` hmuh lc o`s puog`cls pulkl slr g`rtho Z4>W. Oh t`xbdbkhk `rho hmukh kl pltrôol` phrh rhths sl kh d`g` KO₌₉3 <999 gm/ jm. KO₌₉ ls oh k`sbs h oh qul lo <9% kl ohs rhths g`rbrçhc: lc lstl dhs`, dhs`, sl rlqublrl gès kl < m/jm. m /jm. Lc d`gphrhdbôc, oh KO₌₉ kl trlglcch kl m`gh phrh ohs rhths rhths sl kh d`g` <=69 gm/jm. Lst` lqubvhol lc uch plrs`ch kl 69 jm h 499 m (¡d`g` uch ohth kl elebkh!). Lo prbcdbpho plobmr` d`c s`erl oh mhs`obch ls `olr bcnhohr clrvb`s` o`s vhp`rls, yh qul pulkl tlclr fulrtls lfldt`s lo dlrler` y lo` sbstlgh dlctrho. Tbc lgehrm`, oh bcmlsôc kl lstl pr`kudt` c` ls cldlshrbhglctl ghoh. Fbm. 551 \c d`csugbk`r kbhrb` kl mhs`obch. 885 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 \c n`gerl lc Dnbch elebô (y t`khvçh elel) uc vhs` kl mhs`obch t`k`s o`s kçhs, lst` ls horlklk`r kl duhtr` obtr`s ho gls kurhctl ;5 hø`s, y d`c gès kl =9 hø`s kl lkhk sl vl gès a`vlc qul oh ghy`rçh kl o`s c` elelk`rls kl mhs`obch kl <9-69 hø`s. Lgplzô h elelr pltrôol` phrh lo hobvb` klo k`o`r, plr` gès thrkl dhgebô h oh mhs`obch. Tl nh lsghk` qul, lc t`tho, elebô horlklk`r kl 8,< Z42W t`clohkhs kl oh gbsgh . Lo sbstlgh d`ctrhhthdh1 Durb`shglctl, klspuâs kl qul oh rlvbsth holghch ‟= [hml‗ pueobdhrh homuc`s kl o`s 59.999 tlsg`cb`s qul Yhuoh Mhcclr nheçh rldbebk`, lo lkbt`r kl oh rlvbsth plrkbô su trheha`, y sl pr`nbebô oh lctrhkh kl pr`kudt`s klrbvhk`s klo pltrôol` d`g` rlglkb` phrh oh obgpblzh kl nlrbkhs, kl oh fhrghd`plh holghch. Lo pltrôol` ful kldohrhk` uc vlclc` plobmr`s`, hucqul c` sl pr`p`rdb`chr`c kht`s ` bcsthcdbhs lspldçdhs. Lc 82=2, uch gualr qul nheçh kbstrbeubk` bcf`rghdbôc tlrhpâudh s`erl lo pltrôol`, ful oolvhkh ho trbeucho lc Nlrserudj, Holghcbh, p`r htlcthr d`ctrh oh shouk pñeobdh. Y`r gudn` qul o` bctlcthr`c, lo lxplrt` plrbt` fhrghdâud` c` puk` hpucthr khø`, cb lo sdho puk` klg`strhr qul homublc nheçh sbk` plraukbdhk` lc su shouk ushck` pltrôol` lc ohs f`rghs rld`glckhkhs, cb qul oh oly nheçh sbk` vb`ohkh. Looh klflckbô su p`sbdbôc kl qul phrh d`gehr lo dècdlr1 ‟sl klelrçh ushr t`k` o` qul pulkh slr ño y rlhobzhr lcshy`s doçcbd`s‗. D`g` d`csldulcdbh, oh sdhoçh tuv` qul hehck`chr lo dhs` Z;9W. Klcbdbôc kl ]bjbplkbh s`erl o`s lfldt`s klo pltrôol`1 ‟Oh bcmlsôc kl pltrôol` ls khøbch ` fhtho.‗ Rh c` sl pr`p`rdb`chc kht`s s`erl oh t`xbdbkhk, kl g`k` qulohohhkvlrtlcdbh mlctl c` pulkl vlr dôg`, tôxbd`. Lc su oumhr, sl rllrl h qulrlohvhglctl, pulkl slr fhtholosbpltrôol` lctrh lcc` o`slspuog`cls. Kl lsth ghclrh sl nh drlhk` uc d`cbdt` s`erl su us` kurhctl dblct`s kl hø`s, d`g` rlglkb` kl d`chczh. Lc Frhcdbh, lo pltrôol` sbmul hphrldblck` lc oh fhrghd`plh `dbho, d`g` ‟Nubol kl Mhebhc‗ y sl prlsdrbel d`g` rlglkb` phrh oh er`cqubs, lo hsgh y oh dbss. d bss. Bcdous` oh obtlrhtu obtlrhturh rh gâkbdh d`clcl lstukb`s doçcbd`s kl bcvlsmhk`rls kl rlc`gerl, qul gulstrhc qul lo pltrôol` ls ldhz d`ctrh lo dècdlr Z;8W. Yhrh rlkudbr gbs p`sbebobkhkls kl tlclr qul hdukbr `trh vlz h o`s trbeuchols, qublr` klahr dohr` qul lstl hrduo` ls sôo` h cbvlo bcf`rghv`, y qul c` rld`gblck` lo us` kl pltrôol` ` hmuhrrès phrh trhthr lo dècdlr ` duhoqublr `trh d`ckbdbôc. Dhkh uc` vho`rhr p`r ysçnhdlr gbsg`, hctls kl kldbkbr o`s p`sbeols lfldt`s elcâd`s klo klel us` klo pltrôol`, su pr`pbh bcvlsmhdbôc. 884 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Eôrhx Kl hdulrk` d`c oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, c` sl d`csbklrh lo e`r` lslcdbho phrh o`s slrls nughc`s, sbc lgehrm` lxbstlc gudn`s tlsg`cb`s kl su uobzhdbôc h cbvlo tlrhpâud`: ho phrldlr, cldlsbthg`s thct` lo e`r` d`g` lo èdbk` eôrbd`. Nhyy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul lo e`r` sl lcdulctrh prlslctl lc t`khs ohs pohcths lc o`s hobglct`s c` lohe`rhk`s. Ohs kblths d`c uch eulch dhckhk kl fruths y vlrkurhs pr`p`rdb`chc dlrdh kl 5 h < gm kl e`r` p`r kçh, plr` lst` thgebâc klplckl kl oh rlmbôc k`ckl sl duovh oh d`gbkh y dôg` sl duovh. Lctrl oh kbvlrsbkhk kl gbclrhols qul lstèc prlslctls lc lo hmuh klo ghr, lo e`rhx sl lcdulctrh lc oh c`vlch p`sbdbôc. Kl nldn`, lo eôrhx ls uc gbclrho chturho d`gñcglctl lxtrhçk` kl ohs shobchs y sl o` uobzh phrh gudn`s pr`dls`s bckustrbhols. Yulkl qul phrh gudn`s oldt`rls slh kbdbo kl bghmbchr qul lo eôrhx slh uc bcslddbkh, y sl uobdl lc ohvhcklrçhs d`g` kltlrmlctl, bcdous` sl d`csbklrh tôxbd` lc homuc`s sb`s, klebk` h qul lc o`s hø`s ;9 sl d`cfuckbô lc uc n`spbtho d`c phpbooh phrh eleâs, pr`kudblck` oh gulrtl kl o`s cl`cht`s. Yhrh Yhrh slr rlhobsth, nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul oh dhckhk nhdl lo tôxbd`, y dblcdhglctl, su mrhk` kl t`xbdbkhk ls kl oh gbthk, sb o` d`gphrhg`s d`c uch sbgpol Hspbrbch®. O`s prbcdbphols yhdbgblct`s sl lcdulctrhc lc [urquçh y Dhobf`rcbh. O`s c`gerls quçgbd`s quçgbd `s s`c kldhnbkrht` kl tltrhe`rht` kl s`kb`, tltrhe`rht` kbsôkbd` kldhnbkrhthk`, ` sbgpolglctl e`rht` kl s`kb`. Lst` sbmcbdh qul d`clcl duhtr` èt`g`s kl e`r` d`g` su dhrhdtlrçsdh prbcdbpho, qul d`gebchc d`c k`s èt`g`s kl s`kb` y kblz g`oâduohs (` h vldls glc`s) kl hmuh kl drbsthobzhdbôc kldhnbkrht` sbmcbdh 89 g`oâduohs kl hmuh, plcthnbkrhthk` < y hcnbkrht`, ` eôrhx hcnbkr`, sbmcbdh qul c` nhy hmuh kl drbsthobzhdbôc. Xuçgbdhglctl, ls t`k` o` gbsg`. Lo eôrhx sl vlckl d`gñcglctl d`g` mrhk` tâdcbd` ` hmrçd`oh d`c lo 22 h 22,<% kl purlzh gçcbgh. Lstl ls lo mrhk` klo eôrhx d`gñcglctl uobzhk` d`g` obgpbhk`r k`gâsd`. Tus bgpurlzhs p`tlcdbhols d`csbstlc lc s`kb`, p`thsb`, dhodb`, do`rur`, ebdhre`cht`, dhre`cht`, suofht` y f`sfht`, plr` c` sulol d`ctlclr glthols tôxbd`s tôxbd`s ` plshk`s. Lo mrhk` kl ohe`rht ohe`rht`rb` `rb` fhrghdâud` c` ls c`theolglctl gès pur` ` gla`r. Lo eôrhx ls oh sho kl s`kb` klo èdbk` eôrbd` kâebo. Y`rqul lo s`kb` ls gès hodhobc`, p`r o` thct` uch s`oudbôc kl eôrhx ls hodhobch d`c uc pN lctrl 2 y 89 (pN = ls clutr`). Duhck` sl bcmblrl, rlhddb`ch d`c lo èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` lc lo lstôghm`,, phrh f`rghr èdbk` eôrbd` y do`rur` kl s`kb`. lstôghm` Lo d`ctlcbk` klo lolglct` e`r` lc lo eôrhx ls kl 88,4%, gblctrhs qul phrh lo èdbk` eôrbd`, ls uc 8=,<%, qul ls dhsb lo k`eol. Yhrh us`s tlrhpâud`s, sl ‛ pulklc uobzhr hge`s, tlcblck` lc dulcth oh k`sbs. O`s d`gpulst`s kl e`r` s`c hsbgbohk`s p`r lo `rmhcbsg` rèpbkhglctl y dhsb d`gpolthglctl lobgbchk`s p`r oh `rbch. 88; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 Lo èdbk` eôrbd` hctlrb`rglctl ful hgpobhglctl uobzhk` d`g` d`cslrvhctl phrh o`s hobglct`s, hucqul hn`rh lstè pr`nbebk` phrh lstl c lc oh ghy`rçh kl o`s phçsls. Oh ghy`rçh kl o`s flrobzhctls quçgbd`s bcnbelc oh hes`rdbôc kl e`r` lc lo sulo`. Lsth ls oh rhzôc p`r oh qul uch ghczhch `rmècbdh duovhkh lc eulch lrrh pulkl tlclr nhsth 59 gm kl e`r`, sbc lgehrm` oh hmrbduoturh d`cvlcdb`cho qul uobzh flroobzhctls c` o`mrh pr`p`rdb`chrol gès kl 8 gm kl e`r`. O`s flrobzhctls d`gebchk`s d`c oh lolddbôc kl hobglct`s p`erls, nhc rlkudbk` lc mrhc glkbkh culstrh bcmlsth kl e`r`, lc d`gphrhdbôc d`c nhdl <9 ô 899 hø`s. Lfldt`s klo e`r` s`erl oh shouk1 Lo e`r` sl kbstrbeuyl p`r t`k` lo dulrp` y lcl su d`cdlctrhdbôc gès hoth lc ohs moèckuohs phrhr`bklhs, slmubk` kl o`s nuls`s y lo lsghotl klctho. Ls lslcdbho phrh lo nuls` shc` y oh fucdbôc hrduohr, oh rlmuohdbôc kl oh hes`rdbôc y oh glthe`obzhdbôc kl dhodb`, ghmclsb` y fôsf`r` h trhvâs kl su bculcdbh s`erl ohs moèckuohs phrhr`bkls. Lo e`r` ls phrh oh moèckuoh phrhr`bkls y lo y`k` ls phrh oh r`bkls. N`y lc kçh lxbstl uch mrhc dhckhk kl plrs`chs d`c slcsbebobkhk ho moutlc y s`erldrldbgblct` kl oh Dèckbkh, qul h su vlz bcnbel oh hes`rdbôc kl gbclrhols, dhushck` lcflrglkhkls drôcbdhs mhstr`bctlschols. Ho phrldlr, lst` nhdl qul o`s pr`eolghs kl shouk pr`kudbk`s p`r oh kldblcdbh kl e`r`, hn`rh slhc guy d`gucls. Klebk` h su d`ctlcbk` lc e`r`, lo eôrhx ` èdbk` eôrbd` lcl eèsbdhglctl o`s gbsg`s lfldt`s s`erlplr` oh shouk, d`g` eulc hcsâpd` y hcfñcmbd` d`c pr`pblkhkls hcvbrhols, su hddbôc hcehdtlrbhch ls olvl. Lc ohs pohcths, hsç d`g` lc hcbghols, lo e`r` ls lslcdbho phrh oh bctlmrbkhk y oh fucdbôc kl ohs phrlkls dlouohrls, y oh f`rgh lc qul ohs sløhols sl trhcsgbtlc h trhvâs kl glgerhchs. Oh kldblcdbh kl e`r` bcuyl lc ohs phrhr`bkls, obelrhck` klghsbhkh n`rg`ch phrhr`bklh, o` qul pr`v`dh bcdrlglct` kl hdbklz huglcthck` oh cldlsbkhk kl dhodb`, qul sl `elcl kl o`s nuls`s y o`s kblctls. Lstl pr`dls` oolvh h oh `stl`hrtrbs, oh `stl`p`r`sb `stl`p`r`sbss y h pr`eolghs klcthols. D`c lo hvhcdl kl oh lkhk, o`s hot`s cbvlols shcmuçcl`s kl `xhoht` kl dhodb` klmlclrhc o`s tlabk`s eohck`s, dhushck` d`ctrhddb`cls gusduohrls y rbmbklz. Tl pulkl `eslrvhr lc gudn`s dhs`s, dhodbdhdbôc kl ohs moèckuohs lck`drbchs, oh moèckuoh pbclho oh y o`s `vhrb`s. Hrtlrb`sdolr`sbs, dèoduo`s rlcholslspldbhoglctl y oh dhodbdhdbôc kl o`s rbø`cls lc ñogh bcsthcdbh, d`ckudlc h oh bcsudblcdbh rlcho. Oh kldblcdbh 88< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh kl e`r` lc d`gebchdbôc d`c oh kldblcdbh kl ghmclsb`, ls lspldbhoglctl plraukbdbho phrh o`s nuls`s y kblctls. Lo e`r` thgebâc hfldth ho glthe`obsg` kl ohs n`rg`chs lstlr`bkls y lc lspldbho kl ohs n`rg`chs slxuhols. Huglcth o`s cbvlols eha`s kl tlst`stlr`ch lc o`s n`gerls y o`s cbvlols kl lstrômlc` lc ohs gualrls glc`pèusbdhs. [hgebâc sl nhc rlp`rthk` `tr`s lfldt`s elcldb`s`s, thols d`g` oh gla`rh kl o`s pr`eolghs klo d`rhzôc, oh vbsbôc, oh ps`rbhsbs, lo ehohcdl, oh glg`rbh y oh d`mcbdbôc. O`s d`gpulst`s kl e`r` lclc pr`pblkhkls hc-tug`rhols y s`c1 ‟hc`stl`p`rôd`s p`tlctls, hcbchght`rb`s, nbp`obplgbhctls, hcd`hmuohctls y hmlctls hccl`poèsbd`s‗ Z;5W. Lst` ful bcvlsmhk` p`r lo holgèc Kr. Yhuo Mlrnhrkt Tllmlr, qul klg`strô qul lo dècdlr d`gblczh d`gñcglctl d`c lo kltlrb`r` kl ohs glgerhchs dlouohrls. D`g` lo e`r` ls lslcdbho phrh ohs glgerhchs dlouohrls, pulkl lxbsr uch rlohdbôc kbrldth lctrl oh kldblcdbh kl e`r` y lo drldbgblct` klo tug`r. O K. Ux Cw1 Lo Kr. Kr. Ulx Clwcnhg lc 8269, uc dblcd` lc Ylrtn, Hustrhobh, qul klshrr`ooô kls hrr`ooô oh lcflrglkhk kl hrtrbs, sl kb` dulcth kl qul o`s glkbdhglct` glkbdhglct`ss d`cvlcdb`chols c` ol fulr`c kl hyukh, p`r o` qul eusdô oh durhdbôc lc oh quçgbdh kl ohs pohcths. @eslrvô qul ohs pohcths kl lsh z`ch lrhc ehsthctl kldblctls lc gbclrhols y sheblck` qul lo e`r` hyukh ho glthe`obsg` klo dhodb` lc ohs pohcths, kldbkbô pr`ehro`. D`glczô h t`ghr 49 gm kl eôrhx uc kçh y lc trls slghchs t`k` k`o`r, k`o`r, nbcdnhzôc y rbmbklz nheçhc klshphrldbk`. Âo bctlctô d`cvlcdlr h oh lsduloh gâkbdh y h ohs hut`rbkhkls kl oh shouk pñeobdh hdlrdh kl su klsduerbgblct`, plr` c` lstuvblr`c bctlrlshk`s. Homuchs plrs`chs d`c hrtrbs d`cd`c su trhthgblct`, gla`rhr`c, hucqul `trhs tlcçhclsthehc gblk` lcdhcthkhs h t`ghr hom` uch lqulthyhklqul vlclc` lc lo rldbpblctl y oh fucdbôc kl ghthr h ohs dudhrhdnhs y n`rgbmhs. Lvlctuhoglctl nheçh nldn` phsoohs d`c uch dhckhk slmurh y ldhz kl eôrhx. Lc dbcd` hø`s y sôo` p`r lo e`dh h e`dh, vlckbô 89.999 frhsd`s ho gls. Rh c` p`kçh nhdlr frlctl h su fherbdhdbôc y eusdô uch d`gphøçh fhrghdâudh phrh su d`glrdbhobzhdbôc. Lsl ful su mrhc lrr`r. O`s rlprlslcthctls lc o`s d`gbtâs kl shouk klo m`eblrc` kl Hustrhobh lstheoldblr`c, lc 82>8, uc rlmohglct` qul kldohrô ho e`r` y h sus d`gpulst`s d`g` vlclc`s, lc duhoqublr d`cdlctrhdbôc. Ful guothk` p`r oh vlcth kl uc vlclc`, y lst` kltuv` lo nldn` kl qul su lxbt`s` lxbt`s ` trhthgblct` trhthgbl ct` phrh oh durh kl oh hrtrbs sl pr`phmhsl Z;4W. Y`stlrb`rglctl, pueobdô hrduo`s dblcd`s lo eôrhx y oh hrtrbs. \c` lrh uc lcshy` kl vhrb`s k`eol dblm`, h glkbhk`s kl s`erl 82>9, lc lo N`spbtho 886 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 Ulho kl Gloe`urcl, qul klg`strô qul lo =9% kl plrs`chs trhthkhs d`c e`rhx, gla`rhr`c lc mrhc glkbkh. Tôo` lo 85% gla`rô duhck` usô lo pohdle`. O` gès bgp`rthctl ful qul c` nue` lfldt` lfldt`ss slduckhrb`s clmhv`s, bcdous` homuc`s phdblctls bcf`rghr`c qul su k`olcdbh klo d`rhzôc thgebâc nheçh gla`rhk`, y nheçh uch gla`r shouk mlclrho y glc`s dhcshcdb`. Gès thrkl sl klkbdô h bcvlsmhr bcvlsmhr oh rlohdbôc lctrl o`s cbvlols kl e`r` klo sulo`, y oh hrtrbs. Tl lcdulctrh, p`r lalgpo`, qul ohs bsohs kl dhøh kl hzñdhr trhkbdb`chols, lclc cbvlols guy eha`s kl e`r` lc lo sulo`. s ulo`. Ahghbdh (=9%), klebk` ho mrhc us` h ohrm` pohz` kl o`s flrobzhctls, lcl lo cbvlo y ohs thshs gès hoths kl hrtrbs, slmubkh p`r Ghurbdb`, d`c cbvlols guy eha`s kl e`r` y <9% hrtrbs. O`s LL\\, Bcmohtlrrh, Hustrhobh y Culvh Qlohckh lc mlclrho, lclc o`s cbvlols pr`glkb` kl sulo`-e`r` d`c uc d`csug` lsghk` kl 8 h 5 gm kl thshs kl e`r`, y hrtrbs kl horlklk`r klo 59%. Ylr` lc Dhrchrv`c, Hustrhobh, k`ckl nhy hot`s cbvlols kl e`r` lc lo sulo` y lo hmuh, oh thsh kl oh hrtrbs ls sôo` klo 8%. Lc Bsrhlo, d`c uch bcmlsth kl e`r` kbhrbh lsghkh kl < h > gm, sôo` nhy 9,<-8% kl dhs`s kl hrtrbs. Bcvlsmhdb`cls Bcvlsm hdb`cls klg`strhr`c qul lo nuls` kl ohs hrduohdb`cls hrtrçdhs d`ctlcçh s`o` oh gbthk e`r` prlslctl lc ohs Bmuhoglctl sudlkbô d`c lo oçqubk`klo sbc`vbho qul ouerbdh ohs hrduohdb`cls hrduohdb`clsshchs. y pr`p`rdb`ch cutrblctls ho dhrohm`, lcd`ctrèck`sl kldblcdbh kl e`r` lc ohs hrduohdb`cls hrtrçdhs. Klspuâs kl oh hkgbcbstrh hkgbcbstrhdbôc dbôc kl supolglct`s kl e`r`, o`s nuls`s rlduplrhr`c su kurlzh y f`rtholzh. Ohs frhdturhs ôslhs, lc dhs`s kl plrs`chs qul t`ghr`c e`r`, shchr`c lc oh gbthk klo lgp` c`rgho. Lo eôrhx ls thgebâc ldhz lc `trhs f`rghs kl hrtrbs, d`g` oh hrtrbs rlught`bkl,, hrtrbs auvlcbo y oupus (oupus lrbtlght`s` sbstâgbd`). rlught`bkl Lc uc dhs` k`duglcthk` klo Kr. Clwcnhg, uch cbøh kl 2 glsls d`c hrtrbs bcfhco ful trhthkh d`c e`r`, y s`rprlcklctlglctl sl rlduplrô lc sôo` 5 slghchs. Lo `eslrvô qul sus phdblctls p`kçhc klsnhdlrsl kl su k`o`r, nbcdnhzôc y rbmbklz lctrl 8 y 4 glsls. [hgebâc hrgô qul o`s phdblctls d`c hrtrbs rlught`bkl lxplrbglcthc uch drbsbs durhvh klebk` d`gñcglctl h ohs t`xbchs obelrhkhs p`r oh gulrtl kl oh dèckbkh y hht`xbch, plr` trhs `trhs 5 ` 4 slghchs lo k`o`r, oh nbcdnhzôc y oh rbmbklz, klshphrldblr` klshphrldblr`c c Z;<, ;6W. @ x1 H ohs rhths d`c `stl`p`r`sbs, sl ols kb` uc supolglct` kl e`r` kurhctl 49 kçhs, d`c lo rlsuothk` kl qul su dhobkhk ôslh hn`rh lrh d`gphrheol d`c oh klo mrup` kl d`ctr`o shc`, y oh kl uc mrup` supolglcthk` d`c lstrhkb`o Z;=W. Lo lfldt` elcldb`s` klo eôrhx lc o`s nuls`s phrldl slr s lr klebk` h k`s lfldt`s rlohdb`chk`s1 88= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh 8. uch ghy`r dhckhk dhckhk kl e`r` lc o`s nuls`s nuls`s qul o`s nhdl ghs kur`s. 5. uch c`rghobzhdbôc kl kl ohs n`rg`chs slxuhols, slxuhols, qul h sus vlz lsguoh lsguoh lo drldbgblct` klo nuls` culv`. Tl drll qul oh rhzôc prbcdbpho p`r oh qul gudnhs gualrls ghy`rls klshrr`oohc `stl`p`r`sbs slh klebk` h o`s eha`s cbvlols kl lstrômlc` klspuâs kl oh glc`phusbh. Lc o`s n`gerls, o`s cbvlols kl tlst`stlr`ch kbsgbcuylc kl ghclrh gès mrhkuho, o` qul phrldl rllahrsl lc lo bcbdb` gès thrkç` kl oh `stl`p`r`sbs d`g` mrup`. D`g` lo e`rhx bcdrlglcth lo cbvlo kl n`rg`chs klo drldbgblct`,, sl pr`kudl uch ghy`r hes`rdbôc kl dhodb` lc o`s nuls`s. \c lstukb` drldbgblct` lc o`s n`gerls g`strô qul lo cbvlo kl tlst`stlr`ch oberl nheçh huglcthk` lc uc tlrdb`, klspuâs kl uch supolglcthdbôc kbhrbh kl horlklk`r kl 899 gm kl eôrhx p`r uch slghch Z;>W. Lo e`r` pulkl lquboberhr o`s cbvlols kl ohs n`rg`chs slxuhols, sbgbohr h oh hddbôc klo p`ov` kl rhçz kl ghdh. Oh ghdh hdtñh s`erl oh moèckuoh pbtubthrbh y thgebâc phrh lquboberhr culstrhs n`rg`chs slxuhols, phrldl lsguohr culstrh pr`pbh pr`kuddbôc kl hpr`mlst pr`mlstlr`ch. lr`ch.gâkbdh hdlrdh klo dècdlr kl prôsthth, oh D`ctrhrbhglctl oh `pbcbôc bcvlsmhdbôc d`c e`r` nh klg`strhk` qul o`s cbvlols kl tlst`stlr`ch lolvhk`s, s`c elcldb`s`s phrh oh rlkuddbôc kl o`s tug`rls kl prôsthth y o`s cbvlols kl YTH, qul ls uc ghrdhk`r kl tug`rls y kl bchghdbôc lc oh prôsthth. [hgebâc gla`rô sbmcbdhvhglctl oh glg`rbh y oh d`mcbdbôc lc ohs plrs`chs kl lkhk hvhczhkh Z;2W. N F1 \c lstukb` dblcd` rldblctl Z<9W d`crgh lsths `eslrvhdb`cls p`sbvhs d`c oh dhckbkbhsbs vhmbcho. \ch k`sbs, qul ls uch dèpsuoh oolch kl èdbk` eôrbd`, fucdb`cô bcdous` lc dhs`s kl dèckbkh rlsbstlctls rlsbstlctls h o`s glkbdhglct`s y thgebâc d`ctrh t`khs ohs ehdtlrbhs phtômlchs pr`ehkhs. Oh dèckbkh thgebâc pulkl f`rghr dhphs kurhs kl eb`og. Lstl gbsg` lstukb` gulstrh qul lo èdbk` eôrbd`/ eôrhx, bcnbel oh f`rghdbôc kl eb`ploçduohs. \ch rlvbsbôc dblcdh lc 5988 oolmô h oh d`cdousbôc1 ‟… lo èdbk` eôrbd` ls uch hotlrchvh, `pdbôc slmurh, ld`côgbdh phrh ohs gualrls d`c sçct`ghs rldurrlctls y drôcbd`s kl vhmbcbs, duhck` lo trhthgblct` d`cvlcdb`cho fhooh…‗ Z<8W. @tr` lstukb` kl [urquçh Z<5W klgulstrh lo lfldt` pr`tldt`r klo èdbk` eôrbd` lc hobglct`s d`cthgbchk`s d`c gbd`t`xbchs, lc lspldbho hht`xbchs fñcmbdhs. 88> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 Lctrl lsths, oh hht`xbch E8 (HFE 8) pr`v`dh mrhckls khø`s ho HKC y ls lo dhrdbcômlc` gès p`tlctl ahgès pr`nbebk`, hfldthck` lspldbhoglctl lo nçmhk` y o`s puog`cls, dhushck` thgebâc klfldt`s kl chdbgblct`, bcguc`t`xbdbkhk l bcdous` oh gulrtl lc hcbghols kl mrhcah y lc slrls nughc`s. Lo trhthgblct` d`c èdbk` eôrbd`, rlsuotô pr`tldt`r y d`ckua` h uc huglct` kl oh rlsbstlcdbh klo khø` bckudbk` p`r oh HFE 8. Oh fulrtl hddbôc hcfñcmbdh klo èdbk` eôrbd` ls, p`r supulst`, oh rhzôc p`r oh qul sl o` nh uobzhk` trhkbdb`choglctl trhkbdb`choglc tl d`g` d`cslrvhctl kl hobglct`s. [hct` lo eôrhx d`g` oh s`oudbôc kl y`k` kl Oum`o ‛bmuhoglctl lc plobmr` kl lxcdbôc‛ sl pulklc uobzhr phrh lobgbchr lo u`rur` Z<4W. Lo `gcbprlslctl ñ`r, klsnldn` guy tôxbd` kl oh bckustrbh kl flrobzhctls, c` sôo` nhdl qul o`s nuls`s sl kltlrb`rlc, sbc` thgebâc qul oh moèckuoh pbclho sl dhodbqul, y `dhsb`ch ho gbsg` lgp` pr`eolghs kl nbp`r`bkbsg`. Lo eôrhx rlhddb`ch d`c o`s b`cls kl ñ`r phrh f`rghr u`rur`s kl e`r`, qul oulm` s`c lxpuoshk`s h trhvâs kl oh `rbch. Lc uc lstukb` dnbc`, lo eôrhx sl uobzô phrh trhthr h 48 phdblctls d`c u`r`sbs lsquloâdh. Oh dhckhk sl bcdrlglctô mrhkuhoglctl 499-8899 uc kld`c trlsuch glsls, d`c slghch kl klsdhcs` dhkhgm/kçh gls. Lokurhctl trhthgblct` trhthgbl ct`plrç`k` ful ldhz gla`rh klouch <9 ho >9%. Lc Lur`ph, lo eôrhx y lo èdbk` eôrbd` nhc sbk` dohsbdhk`s d`g` „tôxbd`s rlpr`kudv`s‒, y klskl kbdblgerl kl 5989 yh c` lstèc kbsp`cbeols ho pñeobd` lc oh \L. Hdtuhoglctl, lo eôrhx lstè kbsp`cbeol lc Tubzh Z<;W, plr` c` sl plrgbtl lo lcvç` h Holghcbh. Lc Holghcbh, uch plquløh dhckhk (59-<9 mrhg`s) pulkl s`obdbthrsl h trhvâs kl uch fhrghdbh d`g` vlclc` phrh n`rgbmhs, qul sl rlmbstrhrè. Lc homuc`s phçsls lur`pl`s, d`g` N`ohckh, pulklc tlclr t`khvçh eôrhx, plr` c` lc `tr`s d`g` Holghcbh, k`ckl c` sl plrgbtl lo e`r` lc f`rgh bôcbdh, cb eôrhx ` èdbk` eôrbd`. Lo eôrhx hdtuhoglctl lstè kbsp`cbeol lc lEhy y pulkl slr lcvbhk` h `tr`s phçsls kl oh \L. Ohs theolths kl e`r` sl pulklc d`gprhr lc lckhs kl shouk ` lc Bctlrclt, d`gñcglctl d`c 4 gm kl e`r`. Gblctrhs lo e`r` ls hklduhk` d`g` supolglct` lc mlclrho, c` lstè dohr` sb fucdb`ch d`ctrh oh Dèckbkh y gyd`poh gyd`pohsghs. sghs. Oh ghy`rçh kl lstukb`s dblcd`s y lxplrblcdbhs bckbvbkuhols bckbvbkuhols lc o` qul sl rllrl h oh hrtrbs, oh `stl`p`r`sbs ` h ohs n`rg`chs slxuhols y oh glc`phusbh, sl nbdblr`c d`c eôrhx ` èdbk` eôrbd`. [`khvçh c` sl d`c`dl sb lo e`r` c` bôcbd` ls thc ldhz d`g` lo eôrhx Z<<W. O`s p`sbeols lfldt`s slduckhrb`s1 Hucqul plobmr`s`s, o`s lfldt`s lc slduckhrb`s klchturho o`s fèrghd`s h slr clmhv`s y h glcuk` oh glkbdbch (d`g` lcklc oh tlrhpbh kl eôrhx) o`s lfldt`s s`c h glcuk`, ohs drbsbs durhvhs d`c rlsuothk`s elcldb`s`s. 882 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh O`s hot`s cbvlols kl dhodb` dlouohrls dhushc oh d`ctrhddbôc gusduohr, d`c dhohgerls ` lsphsg`s d`g` uch dhush d`gñc kl k`o`r k`o`r.. Lo e`r`, lspldbhoglctl lspldbhoglctl auct` d`c lo ghmclsb`, pulklc rlohahr o`s gñsduo`s rèpbkhglc rèpbkhglctl tl y qubthr lo k`o`r. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul uch mrhc dhckhk kl dhodbdhdb`cls slvlrhs c` pulkl slr lobgbchkh y rlkbstrbeubkh lc p`d` lgp`. Nhebtuhoglctl sl pulkl `eslrvhr uc huglct` kl o`s cbvlols kl dhodb` lc oh z`ch hfldthkh, lspldbhoglctl lc ohs dhklrhs y o`s n`ger`s, y pulkl dhushr pr`eolghs kurhctl uc lgp`, d`c uch tlcklcdbh h o`s dhohgerls y k`o`r, k`o`r, ` pr`eolghs d`c oh dbrduohdbôc kl oh shcmrl, y oh trhcsgbsbôc clrvb`sh, qul s`c lfldt`s rlohdb`chk`s d`c o`s clrvb`s kl ohs ghc`s y o`s pbls, d`g` lo lctugldbgblct` ` oh slcsbebobkhk rlkudbkh, ` slcsbebobkhk lc oh pblo. Kurhctl lo trhthgblct`, huglcthc ohs dhckhkls kl dhodb` y u`rur` qul phshc h trhvâs kl o`s rbø`cls, pukblck` dhushr gholsthr rlcho tlgp`rho, `dhsb`chk` p`r o`s dèoduo`s rlchols qul s`c obelrhk`s. Klspuâs kl uc`s kçhs, ohs pblkrhs (`xhoht`s kl dhodb`) sulolc klshphrldlr, y sl kllcl lo k`o`r. Yhrh lobgbchrkl ohsohdhodbdhdb`cls thgebâc oohghkhs ohf`obug). `xhoht`s, ). sl[hgebâc pulklc t`ghr bcfusb`cls pohcth r`gplpblkrhs r`gplpblkr hs (Olpbkbug ( Olpbkbug ohf`obug nhy lc m`ths (sbmh ohs bcstruddb`cls klo phqultl)1 hkuot`s kl 59 h 5< m`ths: cbø`s ghy`rls 8< m`ths y = m`ths phrh cbø`s plqulø`s. D x1 Ehah t`xbdbkhk `rho hmukh1 KO₌₉ lc rhths ;.<99-6.999 gm/jm kl pls`. [`xbdbkhk phrh lo klshrr`oo`/rlpr`kuddbôc1 lstukb`s kl hobglcthdbôc hcbgho lc rhths, rht`cls y plrr`s, h k`sbs hoths, nhc klg`strhk` lfldt`s s`erl oh flrobkhk y o`s tlsduo`s. Lstukb`s d`c èdbk` eôrbd` lc oh rhth, rhtôc y d`cla`, lc k`sbs hoths, klgulstrhc lfldt`s s`erl lo klshrr`oo` lc lo flt`, bcdouylck` oh pârkbkh kl pls` fltho y vhrbhdb`cls lsquloâdhs glc`rls. Ohs k`sbs hkgbcbstrhkhs fulr`c vhrbhs vldls suplrb`rls h ohs qul uc nughc` pulkl lsthr lxpulst` c`rghoglctl. C` lxbstl lvbklcdbh kl dhrdbc`mlcbdbkhk lc rht`cls. Lc uch ehtlrçh kl lcshy`s kl guthmlcbdbkhk h d`rt` pohz`, sl d`csthtô oh huslcdbh kl hdvbkhk guthmâcbdh. Lstukb`s lpbklgb`oômbd`s lc nughc`s c` gulstrhc uc huglct` lc oh lcflrglkhk puog`chr, lc ohs p`eohdb`cls qul klshrr`oohc su trheha` d`c lxp`sbdb`cls drôcbdhs h e`rht` lc p`ov`, cb thgp`d` cbcmñc lfldt` s`erl oh flrobkhk Z<6W. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul oh sho kl glsh d`gñc rlsuoth slr kl <9 h 899% gès tôxbdh qul lo eôrhx. O`s eleâs lclc ghy`r rblsm` lc dhs` kl bcmlsôc p`r hoths k`sbs kl eôrhx. Tl nh lsghk` qul kl < h 89 mrhg`s pulklc dhushr vôgbt`s slvlr`s, kbhrrlh, sn`dj l bcdous` oh gulrtl, hucqul ohs k`sbs olthols c` lstèc eblc k`duglcthkhs lc oh obtlrhturh dblcdh. 859 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 O`s sbmublctls kht`s kl t`xbdbkhk f`rghc phrtl kl o`s k`duglct`s kl oh Hmlcdbh kl Yr`tlddbôc Hgeblctho kl Lsthk`s \cbk`s (LYH) y o`s Dlctr`s phrh lo D`ctr`o kl Lcflrglkhkls (DKD) Z<=, <>W. [rhs lstukbhr =>; dhs`s kl lcvlclchgblct`s nughc`s hddbklcthols p`r oh bcmlsôc kl 89->> mrhg`s kl èdbk` eôrbd`, c` nue` vçdghs g`rthols, y uc >>% kl o`s dhs`s fulr`c hsbct`gèd`s p`r d`gpolt`. Tbc lgehrm`, sbct`ght`o`mçhs mhstr`bctlschols, dhrkb`vhsduohrls, nlpèdhs, rlchols y klo sbstlgh clrvb`s` dlctrho, klrghs, lrbtlgh, y oh gulrtl, sl nhc `eslrvhk` `dhsb`choglctl lc homuc`s eleâs, cbø`s y hkuot`s lxpulst`s h gès kl >; gm kl e`r`/jm, o` qul d`rrlsp`ckl h gès kl ;9 mrhg`s kl eôrhx p`r 69 jm kl pls` d`rp`rho. O`s lstukb`s lc hcbghols nhc bklcdhk` t`xbdbkhk rlpr`kudvh d`g` lo lfldt` gès slcsbeol kl oh bcmlsôc kl e`r`. Oh lxp`sbdbôc kl rhths, rht`cls y plrr`s kurhctl vhrbhs slghchs g`strô homuc`s khø`s lc o`s tlsduo`s y lo lsplrgh h k`sbs kl gès kl 56 gm kl e`r`/jm, o` qul d`rrlsp`ckl h 8< mrhg`s kl eôrhx/kçh p`r 69 jm kl pls` d`rp`rho. \ch sbtuhdbôc gès klobdhkh ls oh klo flt` lc klshrr`oo`: lc o`s hcbghols lstukbhk`s, ohs rhthslc fulr`c ohs gès hfldthkhs. Lc uc lstukb` sl lcd`ctrhr`c obmlrhs rlkuddb`cls lo pls` d`rp`rho fltho p`r oh hkgbcbstrhdbôc kl 84,= gm kl e`r`/jm/kçh kurhctl lo lgehrhz`. Y`r o` qul oh k`sbs sbc lfldt` kurhctl lo lgehrhz` sl aô lc glc`s kl 84,= gm/jm/kçh, qul d`rrlsp`ckl hpr`xbghkhglctl hpr`xbgh khglctl h = mrhg`s kl eôrhx p`r kçh phrh 69 jm kl pls` d`rp`rho. D`c uc fhdt`r kl slmurbkhk høhkbk`, sl dhoduoô uc vho`r (sbc lfldt` sbd` hprldbheol) kl 2,6 gm kl e`r`/jm/kçh d`rrlsp`ckblctl h < mrhg`s kl eôrhx phrh 69 jm. Lc uc lstukb` kl trls mlclrhdb`cls, c` sl lcd`ctrô cbcmñc pr`eolgh lc 8=,< gm kl e`r`/jm/kçh, qul d`rrlsp`ckl h 2 mrhg`s kl eôrhx phrh 69 jm: gblctrhs qul oh sbmublctl k`sbs kl eôrhx gès hoth pr`ehkh ls kl <>,< gm/jm ho kçh, d`rrlsp`ckblctl h 49 mrhg`s kl eôrhx/69 jm, kb` d`g` rlsuothk` oh bcflrobkhk. Y`r o` thct` p`klg`s sup`clr qul oh k`sbs rlpr`kudvh slmurh ls kl uc`s 59 mrhg`s/69 jm/kçh. Lo eôrhx d`clcl uc 88,4% kl e`r` y lo èdbk` eôrbd` d`clcl uc 8=,<% kl e`r` (o`s dèoduo`s s`c hpr`xbghk`s). Lo pr`kudt` quçgbd` prbcdbpho lc lo culv` sustut` eôrhx, plrdhre`cht` kl s`kb`, lstè dlrdh kl slr trls vldls gès tôxbd` qul lo eôrhx. O`s kht`s kl KO₌₉ h oh bcmlsôc hmukh phrh o`s hcbghols s`c 894;-5599 gm/jm/kçh Z<2W. Bcdous` lo ebdhre`cht` kl s`kb` d`gñcglctl ushk`, d`c uch KO₌₉ kl hcbghols kl 4469 gm/ jm, ls dhsb lo k`eol kl tôxbd` qul lo eôrhx Z69W. O`s lstukb`s lc nughc`s, hdlrdh kl oh p`sbeol hs`dbhdbôc lctrl ohs hotlrhdb`cls lc oh flrobkhk y o`s hot`s cbvlols kl e`r` lc lo hmuh, lo sulo` y lo p`ov` lc uchs p`eohdb`cls turdhs, y oh gbclrçh kl e`r` y o`s trhehahk`rls kl pr`dlshgblct`, c` lcd`ctrhr`c cbcmñc lfldt`. \c lstukb` bcdous` bcf`rgô kl thshs kl flduckbkhk gès lolvhkhs lc o`s trhehahk`rls kl pr`kuddbôc kl eôrhx, lc d`gphrhdbôc d`c lo pr`glkb` chdb`cho kl Lsthk`s \cbk`s. 858 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Oh ghy`rçh kl o`s lstukb`s kl eôrhx d`c rlsuothk`s p`sbv`s, p`r hn`rh, vblclc kl Dnbch, Ahpôc y [urquçh. YueGlk ls uc slrvbdb` kl eñsqulkh kl chcdbhdbôc pñeobdh phrh ohs pueobdhdb`cls kl bcvlsmhdbôc eb`gâkbdh. Tb eblc t`khvçh sl lcdulctrhc `tr`s hrduo`s kl Clwcnhg y Qn`u (ohs k`s pueobdhdb`cls gès bgp`rthctls s`erl eôrhx, glcdb`chkhs hctlrb`rglctl), o`s lcshy`s kl hrtrbs lc lo N`spbtho Ulho kl Gloe`urcl y lo trhthgblct` kl oh u`r`sbs lsquloâdh lc Dnbch, yh c` lstèc obsthk`s. @evbhglctl, lstuvblr`c hooç, `rbmbchoglctl. Tu lobgbchdbôc lvbth qul slhc dbthk`s d bthk`s lc `trhs bcvlsmhdb`cls. Bcklplckblctlglctl Bcklplckblc tlglctl kl oh fhoth kl drlkbebobkhk dblcdh, lo eôrhx y lo èdbk` eôrbd`, p`krçhc slr rlrhk`s kl oh vlcth pñeobdh lc t`k` lo guck`, h d`rt` pohz` ` sbc hvbs` homuc`. Lo Qhpplr (Eb`tr`nc®) [lrhpbh kl frldulcdbhs loldtr`ghmcâtbdhs Lxbstlc gudn`s p`s kl loldtr` tlrhpbhs qul uobzhc gbdr` d`rrblctls loâdtrbdhs kl ehah tlcsbôc, qul nhebtuhoglctl s`c trhsgbkhs h trhvâs kl uc`s loldtr`k`s nhdbh oh shcmrl y o`s tlabk`s klo dulrp` phrh klshdvhr t`k` p` kl gbdr`eb`s, vbrus, n`cm`s, y phrèsbt`s. Tlmñc oh tl`rçh kl oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, oh tlrhpbh kl frldulcdbhs c` pulkl fucdb`chr, yh qul ohs `ckhs loldtr`ghmcâdhs plcltrhc plcltrhc d`c ohs frldulcdbhs sôo` p`d`s gboçgltr`s lc oh pblo y c` lclc oh gçcbgh p`sbebobkhk kl oolmhr h uc phrèsbt` phrh oulm` klstrubro`. Hklgès lstè oh dulsôc kl dôg` ls p`sbeol qul p`khg`s durhr uc n`cm` lc o`s pbls, duhck` lo phdblctl s`slcl o`s loldtr`k`s lc oh ghc`. Tbc lgehrm` gudn`s kl lst`s hphrht`s nhc klg`strhk` slr guy ldhdls d`ctrh t`k` p` kl lcflrglkhkls y d`ckbdb`cls kl gholsthr. Klctr` kl oh glkbdbch kl frldulcdbhs, nhy k`s p`s mlclrhols kl hphrht`s1 8. o`s qul uobzhc uobzhc oh rltr`hobglcthdbôc rltr`hobglcthdbôc p`sbvh, y 5. o`s qul uobzhc oh rltr`hobglcthdbôc rltr`hobglcthdbôc clmhv clmhvh, h, qul sl d`c`dl d`g` ‟eb` fllkehdj‗. Oh rltr`hobglcthdbôc p`sbvh trhehah d`c oh hgpobdhdbôc kl oh sløho prlslctl, d`g` p`r lalgpo` bcdrlglcthr lo hurh, qul ls oh hdvbkhk kl o`s eb`f`t`cls lc târgbc`s dblcd`s ` thgebâc bcdrlglcthck` oh rlsbstlcdbh y fulrzh klo sbstlgh bcgucl. O`s Qhpplrs trhehahc kl f`rgh kbflrlctl, lobgbchck` o`s phtômlc`s h trhvâs kl vberhdb`cls qul lstâc lc oh gbsgh frldulcdbh. Nhy qul bghmbcèrslo` hsç1 gudn`s d`c`dlg`s lo lfldt` kl qul homñc dhcthctl dhcthctl slh dhphz kl r`gplr uc vhs` kl drbstho d`c su v`z. R` R` gbsg` nl tlcbk` oh sulrtl kl nhelr trhehahk` d`c G`ctslrrht Dhehooâ nhdl gudn`s hø`s d`g` tâdcbd` kl sus mrhehdb`cls, y looh ls dhphz kl nhdlro`. y looh ls dhphz kl nhdlro`. 855 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 Fbm. 541 Hckrlhs Hc krlhs Jhodjlr Jhodjlr lc uc lstukb` kl mrhehdb`cls d`c G`ctslrrht Dhehooâ. °Dôg` fucdb`ch0 Lc prbglr oumhr oh dhcthctl dhcth dhcth lo gbsg` t`c` klo vhs` qul qublrl r`gplr, h trhvâs kl oh frldulcdbh kl su v`z. Tb d`csbmul lsthr lc rls`chcdbh d`c lo vhs` kl drbstho c`, âstl lgpblzh h vberhr lc lo gbsg` t`c` kl v`z qul lgbtl oh dhcthctl. Oh dhcthctl lct`cdls dhcth dhkh vlz gès fulrtl y ho cho lolvh oh frldulcdbh uc p`qubt` gès, nhdblck` uc vberht`, qul lo vhs` kl drbstho qublrl slmubr plr` qul c`o`pulkl, yhtrhth qul ls susthcdbh rçmbkh, y ho cho sl r`gpl lc 8999 plkhz`s. Y`r thct` sl kluch uc flcôglc` kl rls`chcdbh. O`s hphrht`s d`c`dbk`s d`g` Qhpplr uobzhc lstl sbstlgh. R` gbsg` sulo` oolvhr lc gbs vbhals sblgprl uc` kl lst`s hphrht`s, y gl nh hyukhk` lc gudnçsbghs `dhsb`cls ghctlcbâck`gl shc` ` rlduplrèck`gl lc lgp` râd`rk, s`erl t`k` kl bcflddb`cls vçrbdhs, d`g` o`s rlsfrbhk`s ` oh mrbpl. [hgebâc tlcm` qul hkgbr qul o`s hphrht`s ld`côgbd`s c` fucdb`chc bmuho kl eblc qul o`s kl mhgh hoth y gès dhr`s. Oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho c` d`ctlgpoh lo lfldt` kl ohs `ckhs lsdhohrls ` trhcsvlrshols y p`r o` thct` c` d`gprlckl dôg` pulkl fucdb`chr lstl mlclrhk`r kl frldulcdbhs lc oh pr`fuckbkhk klo dulrp`. Ohs `ckhs nlrtzbhchs qul d`c`dlg`s s`c `ckhs o`cmbtukbchols y lstl p` kl `ckh dblrthglctl c` pulkl plcltrhr lc lo dulrp`, gès qul uc`s p`d`s gboçgltr`s. Tbc lgehrm`, ho mlclrhr `ckhs rldthcmuohrls, thgebâc sl drlhc ho gbsg` lgp` `ckhs 854 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh lsdhohrls y lsths `ckhs lsdhohrls sl dlctrhc lc lo rldlpt`r. Hucqul nhy p`dh fulrzh, klebk` h oh d`cdlctrhdbôc kl ohs `ckhs lsdhohrls, lo phtômlc` gulrl ho lctrhr lc rls`chcdbh d`c oh frldulcdbh. D`g` sl ush1 O` gla`r ls r`klhr o`s loldtr`k`s d`c uch t`hoobth nñglkh, kl lsth ghclrh sl rlkudl pr`eheolglctl oh dhckhk kl `ckhs o`cmbtukbchols, bcdrlglcthck` oh dhckhk kl `ckhs trhcsvlrshols lsdhohrls. [hgebâc sl pulkl suglrmbr uc loldtr`k` lc uc rldbpblctl d`c hmuh (d`c ` sbc sho høhkbkh phrh gla`rhr oh d`ckudvbkhk) phrh tlclr ghy`r ldhdbh sb lo hphrht` c` lcl phrtls loldtrôcbdhs lc o`s ghcm`s. Ho cho sl rld`gblckh ohvhr ohs ghc`s ` o`s pbls, slmñc lo dhs`, d`c hmuh. Yhrh gudnhs lcflrglkhkls ls rld`glckheol p`clr uc loldtr`k` lc oh z`ch pr`eolgèdh, yh slh uch bcflddbôc o`dho ` uc tug`r, y lo `tr` loldtr`k` lc oh z`ch `pulsth, phrh mhrhczhr oh gèxbgh plcltrhdbôc y ldhdbh. ldhdbh. Hucqul lc uc prbcdbpb` c` bgp`rth oh p`ohrbkhk, nhy mlctl qul `pbch qul lo ohk` clmhv` (lo dheol clmr`) pbdh hom` gès lc oh pblo qul lo ohk` p`sbv` (lo dheol r`a`). r`a`). Lc tl`rçh slrçh gla`r tlclr lo loldtr`k` clmhv` k`ckl lstè oh z`ch klo pr`eolgh, hucqul y` plrs`choglct plrs`choglctll c` nl p`kbk` d`crghro` kl g`glct` g`glct`,, yh qul lc hge`s dhs`s gl nh fucdb`chk` guy eblc. Lo us` kl sbstlghs kl loldtr`frldulcdbh lvbklctlglctl thgebâc lcl sus kltrhdt`rls, qul `pbchc qul p`krçhc slr khøbc`s phrh lo `rmhcbsg`. D`g` oh sløho klo Qhpplr c` lcl g`kuohdbôc c` oolvh bcf`rghdbôc, y p`r o` thct` sôo` pulkl hfldthr h n`cm`s, ehdtlrbhs, vbrus y phrèsbt`s ucbdlouohrls ` plqulø`s. Ohs dâouohs nughchs s`c gudn` gès d`gpolahs y trhehahc d`c g`kuohdb`cls kbflrlctls, kbflrlc tls, ho gbsg` lgp` qul lstèc lc rls`chcdbh d`c ohs dâouohs vldbchs lc t`k` g`glct`, y p`r o` thct` c` s`c hfldthkhs hfldthkhs d`g` o`s phtômlc`s ucbdlouohrls ucb dlouohrls,, qul c` pulklc kbsbphr oh lclrmçh kl cbcmuch ghclrh. Lo Qhpplr c` lstè plcshk` phrh lo trhthgblct` kl clgèt`k`s ` mushc`s mrhckls lc lo bctlsc`, gès eblc phrh ohs ohrvhs qul lstèc lc oh shcmrl y s`c gès plquløhs y p`r o` thct` gès slcsbeols h ohs loldtr`tlrhpbhs. Y`r o` thct`, thgebâc sl oohgh purbdhk`r kl shcmrl. Nhy vhrbhs vlrsb`cls lc lo glrdhk`1 lstè lo kl oh Krh. Nuokh Dohrj qul trhehah d`c 2 V y nhsth uc`s 49.999 Nz, y thgebâc oh klo Kr. Eldj qul uobzh kl 5= h 46 V h frldulcdbhs ehahs nhsth ; Nz. O`s Qhpplr kl mhgh hoth d`g` lo Eb`tr`nc® s`c dhphdls kl duerbr hge`s l bcdous` frldulcdbhs gudn` gès hoths, hklgès d`c gudnh prldbsbôc kl 8/8999 Nz, thct` qul sl phrldlc gès h ohs gèqubchs Ubfl. 85; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 5 Oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho sl ehsh lc gât`k`s kl trhthgblct`, trhthgblct`, d`c g`klo`s qul s`c dhphdls kl glkbr y hchobzhr, hchobzhr, rlkudblck` lo dulrp` nughc` h uc puøhk` kl fôrguohs quçgbdhs y d`gphrgblct`s kl glkbdbch, d`g` sb lo dulrp` c` bctlrhdtuhrh kl ghclrh ucbf`rgl. Fbm. 5;1 Eb`tr`nc® d`c sus rlspldv`s loldtr`k`s. [lcmh lc dulcth, lst`s rlsuothk`s s`c sôo` lvhouhdb`cls kl oh bcvlsmhdbôc lxplrbglctho. C` d`cstuylc cbcmñc p` kl d`csla`, prlsdrbpdbôc gâkbdh ` rld`glckhdbôc, h cbcmuch plrs`ch d`c duhoqublr d`ckbdbôc lspldçdh ` lcflrglkhk. * * * 85< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh 856 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g D 4 Ollr prbglr` Lc lstl dhpçtuo` vhg`s h nheohr kl o`s pr`t`d`o`s qul sl uobzhc lc lo us` klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Y`klg`s lcd`ctrhr p`r Bctlrclt gudnhs vlrsb`cls kl o`s pr`t`d`o`s. Gb bctlct` hquç ls p`clr uc p`qubt` kl `rklc, drlhck` uc culv` sbstlgh ldhz y sbgpol, klsdhrthck` oh bcf`rghdbôc qul nhyh qulkhk` hcmuh y klsfhshkh y lvbthck` ohs d`cfusb`cls qul dhushc pr`eolghs y klsbcf`rghdbôc. HVBT@ OLMHO1 OLMHO1 Lstl k`duglct` c` rlprlslcth uch rld`glckhdbôc kl trhthgblct`s gâkbd`s, ls uch rld`pbohdbôc kl kht`s kl v`oucthrb`s kl hut`sugbcbstr`, y klel slrvbr d`g` ehsl phrh uch futurh bcvlsmhdbôc doçcbdh ucbvlrsbthrbh pr`flsb`cho. Xublr` rlghrdhr qul yh c` uobzhg`s lo èdbk` dçtrbd` ho <9% d`g` hdvhk`r, yh qul ls klghsbhk` fulrtl puls oh s`oudbôc rlsuothctl lcl uc pN klghsbhk` èdbk`, fhdbobthck` lo drldbgblct` kl dblrths ehdtlrbhs `p`rtucbsths d`g` Dbtr`ehdtlr, qul sl cutrlc klo dbtrht` s`erhctl kl oh rlhddbôc. Lo èdbk` dçtrbd` thgebâc ls lo dhushctl kl uch s`erl hdbkbdhdbôc klo bctlsc`, nheblck` dhushk` kbhrrlhs lc lo phshk`. Ho slr uc èdbk` olct`, c` ls thc ldhz d`g` lo èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` ho ;%, y hklgès lo èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` ls lo èdbk` qul tlclg`s lc lo lstôghm` p`r chturholzh. Uldulrkl qul oh glzdoh kl o`s k`s d`gp`clctls, do`rbt` sôkbd` d`c lo èdbk` do`rnçkrbd`, cucdh sl bcmblrl cb sôo`, cb kbrldthglctl. kbrldthglctl . Hge`s d`gp`clctls sl klelc hdvhr lc uc vhs` sld`, lsplrhck` qul oh rlhddbôc o`s trhcsf`rgl lc 85= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh d`o`r hghrboo` ègehr. Lst` pulkl kurhr slmñc oh tlgplrhturh lxtlrb`r kl 49 slmuck`s h uc gbcut`. Lo d`o`r hghrboo` ègehr c`s bckbdh qul oh glzdoh lsth obsth phrh qul sl høhkh lo hmuh. Cucdh sl uobzh kl ghclrh d`cdlctrhkh. d`cdlctrhkh. Klelc glzdohrsl h phrtls bmuhols uc` y `tr`, puls sl muhrkhc dhkh uc` lc su e`tlooh. Oh rlohdbôc kl oh glzdoh d`c lo hdvhk`r ls kl 818, ls kldbr uch m`th kl èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` ho ;% d`c uch m`th kl do`rbt` sôkbd` ho 5<%. C`rghoglctl, lo trhthgblct` trhthgblct` ls gès lfldv lfldv` ` sb sl uobzh lc k`sbs plquløhs, qul sb o` nhdlg`s lc k`sbs mrhckls p`r oh ghøhch y p`r oh c`dnl. Lc dhs` qul hphrlzdhc ghrl`s, cèuslhs ` kbhrrlh, sbgpolglctl sl klel rlkudbr oh k`sbs. N D , . . Tbmcbdh qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` rlhddb`chrçh d`c oh vbthgbch D, lc vlz kl rlhddb`chr d`c o`s phtômlc`s èdbk`s klo dulrp`. O`s pr`t`d`o`s qul sl ushc lc dhkh dhs` klelc slr kbcègbd`s y hkhptheols phrh dhkh plrs`ch, yh qul c` ls o` gbsg` uch plrs`ch lctrlchkh, dhphz kl s`p`rthr lstrâs `xbkhv`, qul uch plrs`ch guy lcflrgh, d`c qublc nhy qul lgplzhr guy p`d` suebâck`oh h p`d`. Y`rphuohchglctl. rlmoh mlclrhol.p`klg`s kldbr qul d`c oh k`sbs gçcbgh phuohchglct R` nl rldbebk` gbolsslkllgpblzh l-ghbos prlmuctèck`gl quâ k`sbs nhy qul uobzhr phrh lsth ` hqulooh lcflrglkhk. Oh rlspulsth ls1 oh k`sbs gès hoth qul tl nhmh slcr eblc. Yhrh lvbthr lqubv`dhdb`cls1 lqubv`dhdb`cls1 DHKH plrs`ch qul vhyh h uobzhr DK klel shelr d`c lxhdtuk dôg` prlphrhr ohs k`sbs. Tb ustlk sl o` lcsløh h homublc, klel hslmurhrsl kl qul lsh plrs`ch o` prlphrl ho glc`s uch vlz hctl sus `a`s, phrh d`gpr`ehr qul c` nhy lqubv`dhdb`cls lc lo pr`dls`. G ô1 ¡¡¡C\CDH \[BOBQHU ULDBYBLC[LT KL GL[HO!!! GL[HO!!! 8. 5. 4. ;. Do`rbt` kl T`kb` ho 5<%. Èdbk` Do`rnçkrbd` ho ;%. Hmuh gbclrho gbclrho ` klsohkh. klsohkh. E`tloohs YY/NKYL/YL d`c m`tlr` `hog`oômbd`. [`k`s lst`s ghtlrbhols s`c rlsbstlctls y s`p`rthc hoth hodhobcbkhk y hdbklz (pN 84 / pN 8). <. \obzhrlg`s rldbpblctls kl drbstho phrh oh glzdoh. C` sl uobzh uoohbzh m`tlr`s kl m`gh. Lo pN ls guy hot` y klmrhkh m`gh (f`t`). Fbm. 5<1 M`tlr` y e`tl kl drbstho. 85> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 Dohsls kl Yhtômlc`s Dhkh phtômlc` klel trhthrsl slmñc su chturholzh, sl pulkl mlclrhobzhr kl oh sbmublctl ghclrh1 8. 5. 4. ;. <. 6. Vbrus1 gñopols k`sbs k`sbs plquløhs, p`r su dhphdbkhk dhphdbkhk rlpr`kudvh rlpr`kudvh rèpbkh. Ehdtlrbhs11 k`sbs ghy`r, Ehdtlrbhs ghy`r, gès lsphdbhk lsphdbhkh. h. N`cm`s1 pr`t`d`o`s pr`t`d`o`s d`c plrsbstlcdbh, plrsbstlcdbh, d`gprulel sb nhy phrèsbt`s. phrèsbt`s. Lobgbchr glthols1 rlqublrlc rlqublrlc k`sbs hoths hoths kurhctl lgp`. lgp`. Bct`xbdhdbôc1 Bct`xb dhdbôc1 s`re`s plqulø`s dhkh p`d`s p`d`s gbcut`s. Yhrèsbt`s1 Yhrèsbt `s1 k`sbs hoths. \ch slghch slghch kl ghctlcbgblct` ghctlcbgblct` d`g` gçcbg`. gçcbg`. Ulmohs mlclrhols1 (Hkvlrtlcdbhs y D`ctrhbckbdhdb`cls) Duhct` gès lcflrgh sl lcdulctrl oh plrs`ch h slr trhthkh, gès olct` klel slr lo huglct` kl oh k`sbs. 8. Nhy qul rld`rkhr qul oh bcnhohdbôc ghsbvh ls tôxbdh, hsç qul sl klel lvbthr su rlspbrhdbôc pr`o`cmhkh pr`o`cmhkh kbrldth. 5. D`g` p`sbeol bctlrhddbôc (glkbkh (glkbkh prlvlcvh), prlvlcvh), nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth dulcth lo us` kl o`s hcd`hmuohctls (Tbctr`g-whrfhrbch, nlphrbch, ltd…). Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` c` huglcth oh kboudbôc kl oh shcmrl kbrldthglctl, sbc` qul huglcth oh dhrmh loâdtrbdh lc ohs glgerhchs kl o`s nlghls, nhdblck` qul sl rlplohc lctrl sç, d`sh qul sl rllah lc lo çckbdl kl oh glkbdbôc. 4. Lc lo dhs` kl lsthr t`ghck` uc glkbdhglct` phrh uch lcflrglkhk ‟drôcbdh‗, gudn`s v`oucthrb`s nhc lxplrbglcthk` tho gla`rh qul nhc p`kbk` rlkudbr oh k`sbs klo glkbdhglct` phuohchglctl, d`gpr`ehck` d`gpr`ehck` h glcuk` o`s cbvlols kl glkbdbôc (glkbdhdbôc phrh oh nbplrtlcsbôc, kbheltls…). ;. Homuchs plrs`chs bcf`rghc hdlrdh kl sçct`ghs phrldbk`s h o`s kl uc rlsfrbhk` duhck` sl uobzh DK. Lst` pulkl pr`kudbrsl p`r phtômlc`s lcdhpsuohk`s lc oh gud`sbkhk kl oh chrbz ` o`s puog`cls kl uc rlsfrbhk` hctlrb`r, oohghk` ‟eb`og‗. O`s mârglcls h vldls sl lcdhpsuohc lc lo g`d` lckurldbk` plr` sbmulc vbv`s. Lo mhs Do@ 5 ls d`c`dbk` lc oh bckustrbh kl shclhgblct` kl hmuhs, yh qul ls dhphz kl lobgbchr lstl eb`og, klebobthck` lo g`d` y o`s hcmu`s mârglcls klo rlsfrbhk`. 852 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh <. Nhy qul rld`rkhr qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` fucdb`ch d`g` `xçmlc` ho fulm`, guy p`d` c` sbrvl y klghsbhk` pulkl pr`v`dhr uch rlhddbôc guy fulrtl, hsç qul lxplrbglctl y kldbkh p`r ustlk gbsg`, lsdudnhck` h su dulrp`. C` sl klel f`rzhr chkh. Tb nh bcbdbhk` uc pr`t`d`o` y lcl homñc bckbdhv` kl hom` qul c` ol nhdl slcr eblc ‛c` nhy qul d`cfuckbr thgp`d` d`c ohs drbsbs durhvhs, qul gudnhs vldls phrldlc lfldt`s hkvlrs`s duhck` lc rlhobkhk lo dulrp` nh bcbdbhk` lo dhgbc` nhdbh oh rlduplrhdbôc‛ klel kbsgbcubr oh k`sbs nhsth qul o`s lfldt`s clmhv`s klshphrlzdhc y oulm` d`ccuhr d`c oh phuth. Haustl oh k`sbs phrh t`ghroh d`c d`g`kbkhk. Oh chobkhk ls qul c` sl he`rrlzdh. C` sl hdlolrh lo pr`dls` kl durhdbôc t`ghck` gès kl o` qul sl klelrçh. 6. Gudnh mlctl thgebâc prlmucth duèct` lgp` sl pulkl uobzhr lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Lst` klplckl kl oh lcflrglkhk y kl oh k`sbs. Lc k`sbs plquløhs c` klel nhelr pr`eolghs cb sbqublrh h guy ohrm` pohz`, d`g` bckbdhc ohs prulehs doçcbdhs `etlcbkhs d`c rht`cls y helahs kurhctl k`s hø`s. Kl nldn`, lo rlsbku` qul klah lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls `xçmlc` y uc`s p`d`s gbobmrhg`s kl sho,ohqul lo dulrp` o`s hes`rel, ls bc`du` bcdous` phrh plrs`chs h qublcls sho lstè klshd`cslahkh. =. Tl pulkl uobzhr uobzhr lo lgp` qul dhkh uc` uc` o` vlh cldlshrb`. Lc tl`rçh tl`rçh t`kh oh vbkh, plr` thgp`d` vl` rhzôc phrh lst`. Nhy qul lsdudnhr lo dulrp` y duhck` lstè gho p`klg`s rldurrbr ho kbôxbk` kl do`r`, phrh hyukhrol lc su rlduplrhdbôc, hp`rthck` `xçmlc` h t`khs ohs z`chs èdbkhs y lcflrghs. >. \ch k`sbs hoth kl DK lc hyuchs hyuchs pulkl dhushr vôgbt`. vôgbt`. Lo do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@5) hdbkbdhk` (7 hdvhk`) pr`v`dh uch slmuckh rlhddbôc lc lo lstôghm`,, h kbflrlcdbh klo DKT. Nhy qul lstukbhr eblc lo dhs`, phrh shelr lstôghm` quâ pr`t`d`o` ls lo qul sl hpobdh slmñc oh urmlcdbh klo dhs`. Lc dhs`s slcsbeols sblgprl sl klel lgplzhr d`c DKT. 2. 89. 88. Hdvhk` èdbk` dçtrbd` èdbk` pulkl pr`v`dhr plrs`chs slcsbe ols hdbk`sbs bctlscho d`c y gholsthr, y homuc`slc n`cm`s. (vlrslcsbeols Dhpçtuo` <). Dbtr`ehdtlr [lclr lc dulcth lo lsthk`, pls` y lkhk kl oh plrs`ch. Oh lqubvholcdbh kl bcmlsôc bcmlsôc lctrl lctrl lo DK (GGT) y lo DKT hpr`xbghkh, sl nh lstheoldbk` lc 8 go kl DKT 7 8 m`th kl DK (GGT) hdvhkh. Hucqul dblcdhglctl c` ls klo t`k` d`rrldt`, sl lstheoldl hsç tlcblck` lc dulcth oh rlhddbôc slduckhrbh lc lo lstôghm`. 85. Hctls kl bcbdbhr duhoqublr pr`t`d`o`, d`gpr`ehg`s prbglr` oh d`gphebobkhk phrh lvbthr lfldt`s hkvlrs`s. Yhrh lst`, sl glzdoh uch m`th kl do`rbt` sôkbd` (ho 5<%) d`c uch m`th kl èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` d o`rnçkrbd` (ho ;%), sl lsplrh uc gbcut` nhsth qul lstâ hghrboo` ègehr y sl høhklc 899 go kl hmuh y p`stlrb`rglctl sl bcmblrl. Tb kurhctl ohs prôxbghs k`s n`rhs c` nhy lfldt`s hkvlrs`s, sl pulkl bcbdbhr lo pr`t`d`o`. 849 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 L e-ô1 • Tl pulkl t`ghr t`ghr uc`s vhs`s vhs`s kl hmuh hmuh d`c ebdhre`cht` ` zug` obduhk` kl uchs ghczhchs frlsdhs. • Tlmubr pr`t`d`o` lstheoldbk`. Lc dhs` kl gholsthr1 • Yulkl `durrbr qul DK klstruyh phtômlc`s gès klprbsh kl o` qul lo `rmhcbsg` pulkl lobgbchr. • V`ov V`ovlr lr h oh k`sbs klo kçh kçh hctlrb`r hctlrb`r ` rlkudbr gès. gès. Lo gholsthr pulkl lsthr `dhsb`chk` p`r1 8. Oh mrhc dhckhk kl phtômlc`s phtômlc`s qul sl lobgbchc ho gbsg` lgp`. 5. Oh t`xbdbkhk pr`pbh pr`pbh qul o`s phtômlc`s phtômlc`s lc sç vulodhc s`erl lo sbstlgh. sbstlgh. Homuc`s lfldt`s slduckhrb`s ghcbflsthk`s1 • Gholsthr mlclrho, mlclrho, dhcshcdb` (ghy`r qul lo qul pr`v`dh pr`v`dh oh pr`pbh lcflrglkhk), lcflrglkhk ), cèuslhs, kbhrrlh, vôgbt` lc homñc dhs`. \ch d`sh guy kbflrlctl ls duhck` oh lcflrglkhk rlqublrl dhckhkls guy hoths kl DK, o` qul sudlkl duhck` sl trhth kl uch lcflrglkhk tlrgbcho, mrhvl, ` kl kbdbo rlduplrhdbôc. Nhsth oh fldnh c` lxbstl lxbstlc c bckbdb`s rlp`rthk`s kl lfldt`s clmhv`s clmhv `s lczbgèd`s ` kl `xbkhdbôc kl gbclrhols lslcdbhols. Lc t`k` dhs` nhy homuchs plrs`chs qul nhc nldn` d`g` ruch, dhkh uch ` k`s slghchs uc kçh kl phush, t`ghck` fruth kurhctl lsl kçh kl hestlcdbôc. @trhs plrs`chs uobzhc pr`t`d`o`s kl trls slghchs d`c uch slghch s lghch kl klsdhcs`, phrh oulm` nhdlr `trhs trls slghchs d`cslduvhs. Lc gb `pbcbôc, lst` ls vèobk`, yh qul nhy qul lsdudnhr quâ ls o` qul c`s pbkl lo dulrp`, oh bklh ls gla`rhr y c` f`rzhr p`rqul sç. X\Â C@ D@GLU CB ELELU1 8. Lsphdbhr t`khs ohs k`sbs · n`rh kl ohs d`gbkhs y 8 ô 5 n`rhs kl o`s glkbdhglct`s. 5. Qug` hc`xbkhctls lsplrhr gçcbg` ; n`rhs, gla`r lvbthr. lvbthr. 4. Yrlflrlctlglctl, c` glzdohr DK d`c1 dhfâ, hod`n`o, ebdhre`cht`, vbthgbch D, èdbk` hsdôrebd`, zug` kl chrhcah, d`cslrvhctls ` supolglct`s (hc`xbkhctls), (hc`xbk hctls), hucqul c` sulolc nhdlr bctlrhddbôc, pulklc clutrhobzhr oh ldhdbh klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. 848 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh D e1 Yhrh kbsbguohr su she`r, s`erl t`k` su `o`r1 • Lo DKT hplchs shel y ls fèdbo fèdbo kl t`ghr. t`ghr. Lo èdbk` klo hdvhk`r klel slr • • • • • • èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` (NDo) ho ;%. [`ghro` klskl uch e`tlooh phrh lvbthr lvhp`rhdbôc klo mhs lc oh chrbz. [`ghro` frç`. Y`r kleha` kl 88 ¹D, lo mhs kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` c` lvhp`rh. Y`clrol uc dn`rrbt` kl d`oh. Glzdohro` d`c oldnl oldnl kl hrr`z (ebelrôc, vhs`). Y`clr 8/; kl hmuh kl ghr y lo rlst` rlst` hmuh gbclrho. Qug`s kl fruths fruths c` o`s o`s rld`gblck`, rld`gblck`, yh yh qul glrghc oh ldhdbh p`r sus hc`xbkhctls chturhols. Xublr` prlslcthr hquç, uc sbstlgh culv` kl pr`t`d`o`s p`r oltrhs, oh rhzôc ls sbgpol yh qul gudnhs vldls sl klelc d`gebchr vhrb`s pr`t`d`o`s slmñc phrh quâ lcflrglkhk, hsç qul sl pulklc d`gebchr fèdboglctl o`s pr`t`d`o`s phrh su ghy`r ldhdbh. Tâ qul h homuc`s ols vh h s`chr rhr`, plr` klebk` h oh sbtuhdbôc, ls uc bctlct` kl drlhr `rklc kl ghclrh fèdbo. Hsç qul p`klg`s lcuglrhr o`s sbmublctls pr`t`d`o`s1 Obsth rèpbkh 8. Yr`t`d`o` H1 d`g` Hghtlur ` prbcdbpbhctl 5. Yr`t`d`o` E1 d`g` Eèsbd` (lqubvholctl ho hcmu` pr`t`d`o` 8999) 4. ;. Yr`t`d`o` D1 Yr`t`d`o` K1 d`g` d`g` DKT (hcmu` pr`t`d`o` 898) Klrght`oômbd` (phrh oh pblo) <. Yr`t`d`o` L1 d`g` Lclghs 6. Yr`t`d`o` F1 d`g` Frldulctl (hcmu` pr`t`d`o` vçrbd` 88<) =. Yr`t`d`o` M1 d`g` Mhs (duhck` ls uobzhk` sôo` lo mhs) >. Yr`t`d`o` N1 d`g` Nhebthdbôc (phrh lvbthr d`cthmb`s) 2. Yr`t`d`o` B1 d`g` Bcsldt`s y pbdhkurhs 89. Yr`t`d`o` A1 d`g` lcAAuhmhr (pr`t`d`o` e`dh) lc 88. Yr`t`d`o` J1 d`g` Jbt, d`gebchk` d`c KGT@ ho =9% 85. 84. Yr`t`d`o` O1 Yr`t`d`o` G1 d`g` d`g` Ohvhk` (pr`t`d`o` kl ehø`) Ghohrbh (k`sbs hoths) 845 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 8;. Yr`t`d`o` C1 d`g` Cbø`s y hk`olsdlctls 8<. Yr`t`d`o` @1 d`g` @hog`oômbd` / @t`rrbc` (chsho) 86. Yr`t`d`o` Y1 d`g` Yhrèsbt`s (pr`t`d`o` bctlcs`) 8=. Yr`t`d`o` X1 d`g` Xulghkurhs 8>. 82. Yr`t`d`o` U1 Yr`t`d`o` T1 d`g` d`g` Uldtho d`c plrbooh Tlcsbeol (d`c k`sbs guy p`d` h p`d`) 59. Yr`t`d`o` [1 d`g` [lrgbcho (lcflrglkhkls guy mrhvls) 58. Yr`t`d`o` \1 d`g` \rmlcdbh (hcmu` pr`t`d`o` 6+6 kl Dohrh) 55. Yr`t`d`o` V1 d`g` Vhmbcho (uobzhck` brrbmhdbôc) 54. Yr`t`d`o` ]1 d`g` ]hu! (hklgès sl pulkl ushr phrh...) 5;. Yr`t`d`o` ^1 dd` `g` klt`^ (klt`xbdhr glthols plshk`s) 5<. Yr`t`d`o` R1 d`g` bcR bc Rlddbôc kl DKB 56. Yr`t`d`o` Q1 d`g` Qhpplr (Eb`tr`nc®, mlclrhk`r kl frldulcdbhs) F`rghs kl hpobdhdbôc klo Kbôxbk` kl Do`r` (DK) 8. E1 oh f`rgh kl t`ghro` gès d`gñc ls `rhoglctl. Tl glzdoh lo do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@5) d`c lo hdvhk`r kl èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` (NDo), lc uc vhs` d`gpolthglctl sld`, sl lsplrh hpr`xbghkhglctl kl 49 slmuck`s h 8 gbcut` nhsth qul lo d`o`r slh hghrboo` ègehr, y sl høhkl kl 899 h 599 go, slmñc must`, kl hmuh phrh kboubr, hctls kl bcmlrbro`. 5. L1 oh slmuckh f`rgh gès ldhz kl hpobdhdbôc ls h trhv trhvâs âs kl lclgh. Ohs phrlkls klo bctlsc` mruls` hes`relc rèpbkhglctl lo mhs klo oçqubk`, y lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` h trhvâs qul kl ohhfldthc vlch p`rth ho nçmhk`. Lsth f`rgh kl ushr ls guy ño ls lcoolvhk` lcflrglkhkls ho sbstlgh nlpèd`, y hyukh h lobgbchr t`xbchs èdbkhs, yh qul oh `xbkhdbôc hodhobcbzh. 4. T1 Tl pulkl ushr uch s`oudbôc hdvhkh d`c hmuh, lc f`rgh kl sprhy, phrh t`k` p` kl hflddb`cls dutèclhs, k`ckl nh khk` rlsuothk`s lxdlolctls klebk` h su hot` p`klr klsbcfldthctl, y hyukh lc oh rlduplrhdbôc kl nlrbkhs gès rèpbkhglct rèpbkhglctl. l. ;. E1 Tl pulkl ushr lc f`rgh kl ehø`, høhkblck` oh glzdoh hdvhkh ho hmuh kl oh ehølrh, k`ckl ls guy ldhz phrh lo trhthgblct` kl oh pblo l bcdous` ls hes`rebk` phrdbhoglctl nhsth dblrt` mrhk`, klebk` h su hoth s`ouebobkhk lc hmuh. <. H KGT@1 bctr`kuddbôc ls ushck` (Kbglosuofôxbk`), qul@trh ls ucf`rgh hmlctlkl kl trhcsp`rtl lc d`cauct` d`c KGT@ lo DK, yh qul fhdbobth oh hes`rdbôc h trhvâs kl oh pblo gès pr`fuckhglctl y d`c 844 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh ghy`r rhpbklz. Lxbstlc kht`s dblcd`s qul d`crghc qul ls uc eulc hcbchght`rb` y hchomâsbd`. Tl nh rlp`rthk` homñc dhs` rhr` kl holrmbh y p`r lsh rhzôc, prulel prbglr` d`c uch m`th kl KGT@ lc lo erhz` phrh vlr sb ol kh rlhddbôc hoârmbdh. 6. M (K )1 Yhrh klsbcfldthr lo hbrl kl uch nhebthdbôc y lvbthr d`cthmb`s sl pulkl hdvhr kl 6 h 89 m`ths lc uc vhs` sbc cldlsbkhk kl høhkbr hmuh, yh qul c` sl bcmblrl. =. M (E )1 Oh pblo ls lo ôrmhc` gès mrhckl qul tlclg`s y h trhvâ trhvâss kl looh thgebâc sl hes`rel kbôxbk` kl do`r` glkbhctl mhs sbc hmrlmhr hmuh. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` sl hdvh lc uc vhs` y oh e`dh klo vhs` sl ‟plmh‗ auct` h oh z`ch h trhthr sbc qul ol t`qul lo oçqubk`. Yhrh trhthr z`chs gès hgpobhs klo dulrp` ` bcdous` t`k` lo dulrp` (glc`s oh dhelzh) sl gltl lc uch e`osh mrhckl d`c oh s`oudbôc hdvhkh lc uc vhs`. Lst` plrgbtl h oh pblo lsthr lc d`cthdt` kbrldt` d`c lo mhs (c` d`c lo oçqubk`) tlcblck` uc elcldb` kbrldt`. Nhy qul tlclr dubkhk` lc c` klrrhghr phrh qul cbcmuch phrtl klo dulrp` lstâ lc d`cthdt` kbrldt` d`c lo oçqubk` hdvhk`. >. U DK ( )1 Lc homuc`s sb`s kl bctlrclt sl rld`gblckh uch erlvl rlspbrhdbôc klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Klebk` h duls`cls kl slmurbkhk (rblsm` kl bct`xbdhdbôc p`r bcnhohdbôc), lstl pr`t`d`o` c` gl phrldl hklduhk` y, oulm`, c` ls rld`glckhk`. 2. B1 Nhy dblrths hpobdhdb`cls k`ckl ohs bcylddb`cls bctrhvlc`shs ` bctrhgusduohrlss kl uch s`oudbôc hpr`pbhkh kl DKB pulklc slr bctrhgusduohrl s lr d`cvlcblctls. d`cvlcblctls. C` rlhobdl bcylddb`cls bctrhvlc`shs lxplrbglcthols lxplrbglcthols lc dhsh, sb c` ls h trhvâs kl uc gâkbd` hut`rbzhk` phrh lcshy`s doçcbd`s. O`s lcshy`s kl bcylddb`cls sl nhc rlhobzhk` lc hcbghols k`ckl sl høhkbô kl < h 89 go kl DKT h uch e`osh kl sulr` shobc` kl <99, y fulr`c shsfhdt`rb`s. 89. N1 N1 [lcmh dubkhk` d`c oh k`sbs lc dhs` kl qul qublrh uobzhro` lc uc nugbkbdhk`r. Y`r rhz`cls kl slmurbkhk, c` sl rld`gblckh. Yr`t`d`o` H. Hghtlur ` Yrbcdbpbhctl Lo pr`t`d`o` H, ` pr`t`d`o` Hghtlur ` prbcdbpbhctl, ls uc pr`t`d`o` phrh plrs`chs qul sl bcbdbhc lc lst`s trhthgblct`s, bcslmurhs ` kuk`shs, phrh pr`eolghs glc`rls ` thgebâc phrh ghctlcbgblct` mlclrho. Ohs m`ths sl hdvhc sblgprl lc rlohdbôc 818, høhkblck` 899-599 go kl hmuh phrh kboubr p`stlrb`rglctl p`stlrb`rglctl.. Hctls kl bcbdbhr duhoqublr pr`t`d`o`, d`gpr`ehg`s prbglr` oh d`gphebobkhk (rlmoh mlclrho 85) phrh lvbthr lfldt`s hkvlrs`s. 8.± 1 1 Hctls kl k`rgbr. k`rgbr. 4 m`ths hdvhkhs (lc rlohdbôc 818) høhkblck` 899 h 599 go kl hmuh, lo prbglr kçh kl trhthgblct`. trhthgblct`. 84; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 5.± 1 1 \ch n`rh klspuâs klo klshyuc` 4 m`ths hdvhkhs høhkblck` 599 go kl hmuh, y `trhs 4 m`ths hdvhkhs høhkblck` 899-599 go kl hmuh, hctls kl k`rgbr. 4.± 1 1 Tl t`ghc ohs k`s k`sbs hctlrb`rls, klspuâs klo klshyuc` y hctls kl k`rgbr, høhkblck` `trh k`sbs uch n`rh klspuâs kl d`glr. Tl sbmul d`c ohs gbsghs 4 k`sbs, uch n`rh klspuâs klo klshyuc`, d`gbkh d`gbkh y hctls kl k`rgbr, lo lgp` cldlshrb` klo trhthgblct`. Lstl pr`t`d`o` ls hpt` phrh slr hpobdhk` h ohrm` pohz` y thgebâc sbrvl kl ghctlcbgblct`. Ulsuglg klo pr`t`d`o` H1 8.± kçh Klshyuc` (8 n. klspuâs) D`gbkh (8 n. klspuâs) Hctls kl hd`sthrsl 4 m`ths 5.± kçh 4.± kçh 4 m`ths 4 m`ths 4 m`ths 4 m`ths 4 m`ths Yr`t`d`o` E. (lqubvholctl ho hctbmu` pr`t`d`o` 8999) Lo pr`t`d`o` E, ` pr`t`d`o` Eèsbd`, ls lo qul gès sl uobzh y ls lqubvholctl ho pr`t`d`o` 8999 kl Abg Nugeol. Ohs m`ths sl hdvhc sblgprl lc rlohdbôc 818, høhkblck` kl 899 h 599 go kl hmuh phrh kboubr p`stlrb`rglct p`stlrb`rglctl. l. Hctls kl bcbdbhr duhoqublr pr`t`d`o`, d`gpr`ehg`s prbglr` oh d`gphebobkhk (rlmoh mlclrho 85) phrh lvbthr lfldt`s hkvlrs`s. Lo pr`pôsbt` klo pr`t`d`o` E ls oolmhr h t`ghr kl f`rgh dôg`kh k`sbs kl 4 m`ths hdvhkhs dhkh n`rh, kurhctl > n`rhs kbhrbhs (` gès), kurhctl 4 slghchs slmubkhs. ¡Lst` nhdl uc t`tho kl 5; m`ths ho kçh! Nhebtuhoglctl sl d`gblczh d`c uch k`sbs ehah kl 6 m`ths kbhrbhs hdvhkhs, høhkbâck`ohs h uch e`tlooh kl 8 h 8,< obtr`s kl hmuh, kurhctl o`s 4 prbglr`s kçhs: klspuâs sl huglcth oh k`sbs h uchs 85 m`ths hdvhkhs, høhkbâck`ohs h uchm`ths e`tlooh kl 8 hhøhkbâck`ohs 8,< obtr`s kl hmuh, o`s8prôxbg`s ; kçhs: klspuâs nhsth= 8> kbhrbhs, h uch kurhctl e`tlooh kl h 8,< obtr`s kl hmuh, kurhctl kçhs, y choglctl nhsth 5; m`ths, høhkbâck`ohs h uch e`tlooh kl 8 h 8,< obtr`s kl kçhs, y choglctl nhsth 5; m`ths, høhkbâck`ohs h uch e`tlooh kl 8 h 8,< obtr`s kl 84< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh hmuh, kurhctl uc plrç`k` kl = kçhs gès. Oh k`sbs kbhrbh sblgprl klel t`ghrsl h o` ohrm` klo kçh, kbvbkbkh kl > h 85 phrtls (pulklc nhdlrsl ghrdhs lc oh e`tlooh). Fbm. 561 E`tlooh kl poèsd` po èsd` d`c kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Ls rld`glckheol hdvhr oh k`sbs kbhrbh d`rrlsp`ckblctl dhkh ghøhch, y høhkbroh lc uch e`tlooh kl 8 h 8,< obtr`s kl hmuh l br eleblck` dhkh n`rh uc p`d`, kurhctl lo rlst` klo trhthgblct`, duyh kurhdbôc lstèckhr ls kl trls slghchs, ` lo lgp` cldlshrb` kl trhthgblct`, trhthgblct`, nhsth qul sl sblcth rlduplrhk`. rlduplrhk`. Tb sl lxplrbglcthc cèuslhs, sl rlkudbrè oh k`sbs ho cbvlo hctlrb`r. U E1 6 m` m`ths1 4 kç kçhs lc lc uc uch e` e`tlooh kl kl 8 h 8, 8,< obobtr`s kl kl hm hmuh. 85 m`t `ths hs11 8> m`t `ths hs11 ; kçh kçhss lc lc uc uch e`t e`tlo looh oh kl 8 h 8, 8,< < obt obtrr`s kl hmu hmuh. h. = kçh kçhss lc lc uc uch e`t e`tlo looh oh kl 8 h 8, 8,< < obt obtrr`s kl hmu hmuh. h. 5; m`t `ths hs11 = kçh kçhss lc lc uc uch e`t e`tlo looh oh kl 8 h 8, 8,< < obt obtrr`s kl hmu hmuh. h. Duhct` gès lcflrgh lstâ uch plrs`ch, gès olct` lcl qul slr lo huglct` kl oh k`sbs. Yhrh uch plrs`ch guy lcflrgh sl klel lgplzhr p`r uch k`sbs c` ghy`r kl 6 m`ths lc uc kçh, l br huglcthck` oh k`sbs pr`mrlsbvhglctl. pr`mrlsbvhglctl. Oh vlcthah kl prlphrhro` lc uch e`tlooh ls qul rlsuoth gès fèdbo kl trhcsp`rthr y t`ghr. Y`klg`s sløhohr oh k`sbs d`c lxhdtuk d`c uc ghrdhk`r nhdblck` rhyhs lc oh e`tlooh, phrh rlphrrohs eblc h o` ohrm` klo kçh. 846 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 B 1 8. Lo do`rbt` sblgprl sl glzdoh d`c lo hdvhk`r hdvhk` r, qul lstè lc `trh e`tlooh. 5. Ohs k`sbs plquløhs kl f`rgh f`rgh rlplvh s`c s`c gès lfldvhs, lfldvhs, qul ohs k`sbs mrhckls p`r oh ghøhch y p`r oh c`dnl. 4. [`gl thct` DK d`g` ustlk pulkh, sbc qul ol dhusl cèuslhs, kbhrrlh kbhr rlh ` uc gholsthr mrhvl. Lc dhs` kl gholsthr kbsgbcuyh oh k`sbs, plr` sbmh d`c lo trhthgblct`. ;. Lvbtl supolglct`s kl vbthgbch D y `tr`s hc`xbkhctls, d`g` gçcbg` kurhctl 5 n`rhs hctls y klspuâs kl t`ghr DK, yh qul rlkudlc su lfldvbkhk. <. Ghctlcmh uc pr`mrhgh kl cutrbdbôc hklduhk`, phrh pr`tlmlr su sbstlgh bcguc`oômbd`. 6. Yulkl Yul kl d`gebchr lo DK d`c hmuh kl ghr kboubkh, phrh rlduplrhr oh gbclrhobzhdbôc gbclrhobz hdbôc hklduhkh lc su dulrp`. =. Tb klspuâs kl uc lgp` vulovl h rlplr lo pr`t`d`o`, lgpbldl klskl lo prbcdbpb` d`c 6 m`ths kbhrbhs hdvhkhs, bcdrlglcthck` ohs k`sbs slmñc eblclsthr. Yr`t`d`o` D. DKT (hctbmu` pr`t`d`o` 898) Lo pr`t`d`o` D, ` pr`t`d`o` DKT, ls uc pr`t`d`o` ucbvlrsho, hpt` phrh oh ghy`rçh kl o`s trhthgblct`s, fèdbo kl rlhobzhr y prèddhglctl dhrldl kl lfldt`s slduckhrb`s c` klslhk`s, d`c o` duho slrçh lo rld`glckhk` phrh oh ghy`rçh kl o`s trhthgblct`s. Lo pr`t`d`o` D d`csbstl lc t`ghr 8 go kl DKT 9,4% (7 4999 ppg) kboubk` lc hmuh dhkh n`rh, kurhctl 89 vldls ho kçh (p`r lsth rhzôc lc homuc`s oumhrls thgebâc ls oohghk` pr`t`d`o` 889). • Tl høhklc 89 go kl DKT 4999 ppg (` 899 go kl DKT 499 ppg) h 8 obtr` kl hmuh, p`r kçh y sl t`gh dhkh n`rh uch phrtl, nhsth tlrgbchr lo d`ctlcbk` kl oh e`tlooh (kl > h 85 t`ghs). • Lc dhs` kl lcflrglkhk lcflrglkhk mrhvl mrhvl ` plobmr` plobmr` phrh oh vbkh klel lolvhrsl lolvhrsl oh k`sbs, olcth y pr`mrlsbvhglctl, lc k`sbs slphrhkhs, t`ghkhs h o` ohrm` klo kçh y slmñc d`g` sl sblcth, oolmhck` nhsth nhsth 49 go p`r obtr` kl hmuh. • Tb fulrh cldlshrb` t`ghr t`ghr gès, nhy qul qul prlphrhr prlphrhr `trh e`tlooh kl hmuh. Klel rlkudbrsl oh k`sbs sb sl sblctl gholsthr ` cèuslhs. C` sl klelc suplrhr >9 go lc 85 t`ghs kbhrbhs (6 go/n phrh 899 jm). Oh kurhdbôc klo trhthgblct` slrçh lo lgp` cldlshrb`, nhsth qul sl sblcth rlduplrhk`. 84= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Lo pr`t`d`o` D ls lo qul sl uobzh phrh p`klr trhthr oh ghy`rçh kl ohs lcflrglkhkls y thgebâc phrh nhdlr uch obgpblzh mlclrho kl t`xbchs ` ‟kât`x‗. Ls thgebâc uc pr`dlkbgblct` kl klsbct`xbdhdbôc, pr`eheolglctl lo gès ldhz qul sl d`c`dl. Nhsth oh fldnh c` kh pr`eolghs kl lfldt`s slduckhrb`s ` bctlrhddb`clss bcklslhkhs, y c` sulol dhushr kbhrrlh. bctlrhddb`cl Tb sl lstèc t`ghck` `tr`s glkbdhglct`s, klel ghctlclr uch kbsthcdbh pruklcdbho kl lgp`, kl uch h k`s n`rhs, phrh qul c` sl pblrkh oh ldhdbh klo DKT. Tl pulkl høhkbr ¿ phrtl kl hmuh kl ghr, lc dhs` kl klsgbclrhobzhdbôc. Ulsuglc pr`t`d`o` D1 DKT/ [`ghs kbhrbhs (8 O ) K`sbs p`r n`rh Obgpblzh mlclrho 89 g o 89 t`ghs 8 go Lcflrglkhk mrhvl Dhs`s lxtrlg`s 49 g o >9 g o 89 t`ghs 85 t`ghs 4 go 6,= go Yr`t`d`o` K. Klrght`oômbd` Klrght`oômbd` (phrh oh pblo) Lo pr`t`d`o` K, ` pr`t`d`o` Klrght`oômbd`, uobzh sblgprl lo DKT, yh qul c` klah rlsbku` èdbk` kl cbcmñc p`, bcdous` sl pulkl hpobdhr kbrldthglc kbrldthglctl tl sbc kboubr, yh qul su pN ls clutr` y kl lsth ghclrh pulkl slr hpobdhk` kurhctl gès lgp` sbc dhushr brrbthdb`cls. Tb c` sl kbsp`cl kl DKT, sl pulkl uobzhr lo DK d`g` hotlrchvh, hdvhck` 5< m`ths y høhkblck` 69 go kl hmuh (k`s `czhs kl hmuh) lc uc puovlrbzhk`r kl sprhy kl hlr`s`o. Dlrrhck` eblc lo frhsd`, oh glzdoh tlckrè uch kurhdbôc kl uch slghch ` bcdous` hom` gès, lo d`o`r bckbdhrè lo mrhk` kl d`cdlctrhdbôc rlsthctl, ghctlclro` muhrkhk` lc uc oumhr frlsd` y `sdur`. Ohs m`ths sl hdvhc sblgprl lc rlohdbôc 818. Tl oolch uc puovlrbzhk`r kl sprhy d`c DKT 9,4% (4999 ppg) y sl hpobdh s`erl oh z`ch hfldthkh. Tl hpobdh kbrldthglctl kbrldthglctl s`erl oh pblo lc dhs` kl1 • nlrbkhs, • qulghkurhs, • `tr`s pr`eolghs dutècl`s. 84> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 Oh s`oudbôc c` klel dhushr hrk`r ` qulghzôc, gès eblc dhogh lo k`o`r y lo shcmrhk`. Tl pulkl rlplr oh `plrhdbôc vhrbhs vldls ho kçh (bcdous` 8 vlz p`r n`rh). Lc homuc`s dhs`s slcsbeols, d`g` ohs gud`shs, pulkl slr cldlshrb` rlehahr oh d`cdlctrhdbôc d`c uc p`d` kl hmuh. Hkvlrtlcdbhs1 8. Lc lo rhr` dhs` kl slcr qulghzôc ` hrk`r sl rld`gblckh ohvhr ohvhr d`c hmuh. 5. Tl klshd`cslah ushr oh hcmuh hcmuh fôrguoh klo GGT, yh yh qul d`clcl èdbk` dçtrbd` d`g` hdvhk`r hdvhk`r,, y sl s l nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr qul duhck` nhy prlslcdbh kl Dbtr`ehdtlr, oh bcflddbôc lgpl`rh, yh qul lsth ehdtlrbh sl cutrl klo dbtrht` sôkbd` s`erhctl kl oh rlhddbôc. 4. Tb sl klslh ghy`r plcltrhdbôc h trhvâs kl oh pblo sl pulkl d`gebchr d`c KGT@ ho =9%. ;. Yhrh lst` prlphrhg`s k`s e`tloohs kl sprhy bcklplckblctls, uch d`c KGT@ ho =9% y `trh d`c DKT ` 5< m`ths hdvhkhs kl DK, phrh høhkbr h uch e`tlooh kl 69 go kl hmuh (d`g` lcucdbâ hctlrb`rglctl). Nhrlg`s hpobdhdb`cls d`c hgehs bctlrdhohck` uch y `trh. <. O` gès hklduhk` ls lo DKT 4999 ppg sbc kboubr y r`dbhck` lc sprhy, p`r su pN clutr`. 6. Tl pulkl rlplr oh `plrhdbôc vhrbhs vldls ho kçh (nhsth (nhsth 8 vlz p`r n`rh). Yr`t`d`o` L. Lclghs Lo pr`t`d`o` L, ` pr`t`d`o` Lclghs, ls uc` kl o`s pr`t`d`o`s gès ldhdls hphrtl kl oh bcmlsôc, yh qul plrgbtl hes`relr lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` h trhvâs kl ohs phrlkls klo d`o`c, qul h su vlz o` oolvhc p`r oh vlch p`rth kbrldthglctl ho nçmhk`, y p`r o` thct` lstè guy bckbdhk` phrh t`k`s o`s pr`eolghs nlpèd`s, lcflrglkhkls lcflrglkhk ls drôcbdhs, bct`x bct`xbdhdb`cls, bdhdb`cls, kbvlrduobs, lobgbchdbôc kl phrèsbt`s y gud`sbkhkls khøbchs bctlschol bctlschols. s. Ohs m`ths sl hdvhc sblgprl lc rlohdbôc 818. Yr`dlkbgblct`1 8. \obzhr uc jbt kl brrbmhdbôc. Tulolc slr kl 5 obtr`s hpr`xbghkhglctl hpr`xbghkhglctl y sl d`o`dh ≎ 8 gltr` gès hrrbeh kl oh plrs`ch. 5. Tl oolch lo brrbmhk`r kl hmuh y sl prlphrhc prlphrhc ohs m`ths lc uc vhs` hphrtl. \ch vlz hdvhk`s sl glzdohc d`c lo hmuh klo brrbmhk`r. 842 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh 4. \obzhr 89 m`ths kl DK hdvhk` (` 89 go kl DKT phrh dhs`s slcsbeols) p`r dhkh obtr` kl hmuh tlgpohkh, h tlgplrhturh klo dulrp` hpr`xbghkhglctl. ;. Tl hpobdh uc p`d` kl vhslobch ` drlgh h oh pucth klo gbsg`, gbsg`, gblctrhs lc lo rldt`. <. sl Oh bctr`kudl gla`r p`sbdbôc ls lsthr lsthr tugehk` lc lo ohk` klrldn` klrldn` phrh fhdbobthr fhdbobthr oh plcltrhdbôc fèdbo klo hmuh. 6. Tl herl oh vèovuoh vèovuoh y lgpblzh h oolchrsl oolchrsl lo d`o`c. Tl pulkl nhdlr lc vhrbhs vhrbhs thckhs plquløhs ` thgebâc kl uch s`oh vlz, slmñc ohs d`ckbdb`cls y lo eblclsthr kl oh plrs`ch. =. Tl bctlcth rltlclr lo oçqubk` kurhctl uc`s 4 gbcut`s hctls kl lvhduhr, phrh bcdrlglcthr oh ldhdbh. Gès kl < gbcut`s c` ls cldlshrb`. 89 m`ths hdvhkhs kl DK p`r dhkh obtr` kl hmuh tlgpohkh ` d`g` hotlrchvh 89 go kl DKT p`r dhkh obtr` kl hmuh tlgpohkh. Lstl pr`t`d`o` ls lslcdbho lc dhs`s kl lcflrglkhkls drôcbdhs nlpèdhs, phrhsbt`sbs, husg` y klgès lcflrglkhkls mhstr`bctlschols. F 1 Tlmñc lo mrhk` kl oh lcflrglkhk y d`ckbdbôc klo phdblctl, sl sulol hpobdhr nhsth uch vlz ho kçh, prlflrbeolglctl p`r oh c`dnl, hctls kl k`rgbr. D`g` rlmoh mlclrho sl uobzh dhkh k`s ` trls kçhs kurhctl uch ` k`s slghchs. Nhy rlp`rtls kl plrs`chs qul nhc uobzhk` lstl pr`t`d`o` nhsth k`s vldls ho kçh, kurhctl uc lgp` pr`o`cmhk`, phrh lcflrglkhkls mrhvls, sbc nhelr tlcbk` lfldt`s clmhv`s clmhv`s slduckhrb`s lc oh ghy`rçh kl o`s dhs`s. O` gla`r slrçh hkhpthro` h dhkh plrs`ch. Tl ol pulkl høhkbr hmuh kl ghr1 8 phrtl hmuh kl ghr + 4 kl hmuh kuodl. H gudnhs plrs`chs ols nh rlsuothk` guy ño lo sbstlgh R@M\B1 ‛ 4 c`dnls slmubkhs. ‛ 4 c`dnls1 uch sç y uch c`. ‛ 4 c`dnls1 dhkh 4 kçhs. c`dnls, uchnlg`rr`bkls p`r slghch.y surhs rldthols ls gès Hucqul lstl pr`t`d`o`‛ls4ldhz, phrh fèdbo hpobdhr lo pr`t`d`o` U kl Uldtho d`c plrbooh. 8;9 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 C1 • Oh ghy`rçh ghy`rçh kl ohs lcflrglk lcflrglkhkls hkls lclc su `rbmlc lc lo sbstlgh sbstlgh mèstrbd` mèstrbd` bctlscho. • DK lobgbch oh t`xbdbkhk t`xbdbkhk y klsnhdl ohs hknlrlcdbhs. Tb sl lobgbch oh t`xbdbkhk, sl rlkudl oh fhmh. • Lo DK lobgbch eb`og, ehdtlrbhs, dèckbkhs, n`cm`s, ghtlrbh fldho lcdhpsuohkh y phrèsbt`s. • H trhvâs trhvâs klo d`o`c d`o`c tlclg`s hddls` rèpbk` ho nçmhk` nçmhk` p`r oh vlch p`rth. p`rth. • Lo dbrdubt` dbrdubt` shcmuçcl` shcmuçcl` phsh phsh p`r lo nçmhk` nçmhk` dhkh dhkh 4 gbcut`s. • Ls uch ghclrh fèdbo y rèpbkh rèpbkh kl klsbct`xbdhr lo nçmhk` y oh shcmrl. • Ldhz lc lcflrglkhkls drôcbdhs y hut`bcgucls hut`bcgucls.. • Lc oh hcmÿlkhk hcmÿlkhk yh yh o` sheçhc, sheçhc, nhsth o`s hø`s 69 lrh d`gñc lsth prèddh. prèddh. • Lc oh hdtuhobkhk hdtuhobkhk sl nh nh plrkbk`, plrkbk`, yh qul sl vl vl d`g` hom` hom` sudb`. • Ls uc gât`k` eèsbd` kl durhdbôc nbckñ. • Ls bgprlsdbckbeol lc tlrhpbhs kl klt`xb klt`xbdhdbôc. dhdbôc. •• \ch kbhrbh, sbmcbdh shouk bctlsch bctlscho. Lstl klp`sbdbôc pr`t`d`o` sustuyl uc trhthgblct` `rho lco. oh ghy`rçh kl o`s dhs`s. Yr`t`d`o` F. Frldulctl (hctbmu` pr`t`d`o` vçrbd` 88<) Lo pr`t`d`o` F, ` pr`t`d`o` Frldulctl, d`csbstl lc t`ghr 8 go kl DKT 9,4% (s`oudbôc kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` h 4999 ppg) dhkh 8< gbcut`s lc 8<9 go hmuh, kurhctl 8 n`rh y ;< gbcut`s, ls kldbr, lc > t`ghs. Lstl pr`t`d`o` lstè bckbdhk` prbcdbphoglctl phrh trhthgblct`s kl lcflrglkhk lcflrglkhkls ls vçrbdhs bcflddb`shs rlplcchs. Tl rlkudl lo trhthgb t rhthgblct` lct` h sôo` k`s n`rhs kbhrbhs y p`stlrb`rglctl sl pulkl lcohzhr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` D lo lgp` cldlshrb` klo trhthgblct`, nhsth qul sl sblcth rlduplrhk`. Tl pulkl hmrlmhr kl > h 89 go kl DKT 9,4%, lc uch e`tlooh kl uc obtr` kl hmuh (klsohkh ` gbclrho), y kbvbkbr oh e`tlooh lc > phrtls bmuhols, ghrdèck`ohs d`c uchs oçclhs, l br eleblck` uch ghrdh dhkh qubcdl gbcut`s. 8 go kl DKT dhkh 8< gbcut`s kurhctl 8 n`rh y ;< gbcut`s lc > t`ghs 7 > go kl DKT lc 8 obtr` kl hmuh 8;8 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh C1 8. 8< gbcut`s klspuâs kl oh ñogh k`sbs (5 n`rhs n`rhs klspuâs klo d`gblcz` d`gblcz` klo pr`t`d`o` F, F, sl pulkl d`ccuhr d`c pr`t`d`o` D sb sl drll cldlshrb` nhsth rlduplrhdbôc. 5. Tb shobg`s kl h dhsh, oolvhrlg`s lo uctrhthgblc trhthgblct` d`c c`s`tr`s, prlflrbeolglctl tlgplrhturh frlsdh lc tlrg` ` t` lcv`ot`rb` hbsohctl. 4. Ls bgprlsdbckbeol y guy bgp`rthctl, c` t`ghr glkbdhglct`s, cb d`gbkhs, lc oh n`rh prlvbh y oh n`rh p`stlrb`r h lsths k`s n`rhs kl t`ghs klo DKT. ;. [hgp`d` sl rld`gblckh nhdlro` lc hyuchs. Tb ls cldlshrb` sl pulkl rlplr lo pr`t`d`o` uchs n`rhs gès thrkl. Yr`t`d`o` M. Mhs (duhck` ls utbobzhk` sôo` lo mhs) Lo pr`t`d`o` M phrtl kl oh ehsl kl qul lo elcldb` durhv` vblcl khk` p`r oh hpobdhdbôc kbrldth klo pr`pb` mhs kbôxbk` kl do`r`, qul sl pulkl mlclrhr thct` lc lo glkb` bctlrc`, d`g` lc lo glkb` lxtlrc`. Oh pblo fucdb`ch d`g` uch glgerhch `sgôdh, dhphz kl bctlrdhgebhr bctlrdhgebhr klskl lo bctlrb`r nhdbh lo lxtlrb`r y vbdlvlrsh, tlcblck` su pr`pbh trhcspbrhdbôc. Oh lxp`sbdbôc ho mhs kbôxbk` kl do`r`, ls uch ghclrh kl duerbr mrhckls suplrdbls d`rp`rhols kl ghclrh ldhz ` kl trhthr puctuhoglctl uch z`ch. Ls ldhz, plr` tlclg`s qul tlclr lc dulcth lo lgp` kl lxp`sbdbôc, sb ls guy ohrm` p`r lcdbgh kl < gbcut`s, p`krçh dhushr brrbthdbôc. Lstl ls uc pr`t`d`o` phrh us` lxtlrc`. Cucdh sl klel rlspbrhr lo mhs kl ghclrh pr`o`cmhkh. Yulkl slr uobzhk` kl vhrbhs f`rghs, phrh suplrdbls mrhckls y phrh suplrdbls plquløhs. [ M1 8. Yr`t`d`o` vhs` kl suplrdbl plquløh. Tl pulkl hdvhr lc uc vhs` phrh duerbr suplrdbls plquløhs, ` klsbcfldthr phrtls klo dulrp`. 5. Yr`t`d`o` e`osh kl suplrdbl mrhckl. Tl pulkl hdvhr lc uc rldbpblctl klctr` kl uch e`osh kl mrhc thghø` phrh duerbr mrhckls suplrdbls kl oh pblo ` bcdous` lo dulrp` lctlr`. 8;5 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 Fbm. 5=1 h - Hpobdhdbôc Hpo bdhdbôc klo mhs lc oh èrlh olsb`chkh klo erhz` pr`v`dhkh p`r Tthpnyo`d`ddus. e - Hpobdhdbôc klo mhs kbôxbk` kl do`r` do` r` lc lo `çk`. 8. Y 1 Tl hdvhc kl 6 h > m`ths kl DK, lc uc vhs`, sbc høhkbr hmuh. Tl p`cl kl ghclrh bcglkbhth oh z`ch hfldthkh s`erl oh phrtl heblrth klo vhs` (oh e`dh), kl ghclrh qul c` shomh lo mhs, y sbc qul lo oçqubk` lc cbcmñc g`glct` t`qul oh pblo. Oh kurhdbôc kl oh lxp`sbdbôc, nhebtuhoglctl, ls kl 4 gbcut`s, y c` klel phshr kl o`s < gbcut`s phrh c` dhushr brrbthdbôc. Tl pulkl rlplr ohs vldls cldlshrbhs, d`c uc bctlrvho` kl 8 n`rh dhkh vlz. Fbm. 5>1 Hpobdhdbôc klo mhs kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc oh `rlah kl uc mht`. Ulsuoth guy ño thgebâc lc hcbghols qul nhebtuhoglctl c` s`p`rthc oçqubk`s lc lo `çk`. Lo mhs kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls lxtrlghkhglctl ldblctl phrh klsbcfldthr lo dhcho hukbv`. Lc lstl dhs` sl rlkudl oh dhckhk kl m`ths slmñc lo rldbpblctl qul sl vhyh h uobzhr. 8;4 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Lo gbsg` mhs qul lvhp`rh, klsbcfldth sbc cldlsbkhk kl g`ahr. Lst` pulkl slr guy ño thgebâc lc trhthgblct`s trhthgblct`s phrh pr`eolghs pr`eolghs kl `çk`, k`ckl sl thph oh hplrturh klo vhs` hp`yhck` lcdbgh oh `rlah kl g`k` qul lo mhs pulkh oolmhr gès pr`fuck` h oh z`ch bcfldthkh bcfldthkh,, k`ckl lo hmuh h vldls c` oolmh p`r pr`eolghs kl bchghdbôc, oh duho lstrldnh lo d`ckudt` klo `çk`. 5. Yr`t`d`o` e`osh1 Lstl pr`t`d`o` sl uobzh duhck` nhy qul trhthr mrhckls phrtls kl oh pblo, ` eblc c` ls p`sbeol oh bcmlsôc. 8. Lc prbglr oumhr c`s fherbdhrlg`s uch e`osh ‟mbmhctl‗ d`c 5 e`oshs kl ehsurh mrhckls. Tl uclc ‟ohs helrturhs‗ kl ohs e`oshs lctrl sç d`c uch dbcth kl plmhr, herblck` uc` kl o`s lxtrlg`s, kl ghclrh qul c`s plrgbth bctr`kudbrc`s lc lo bctlrb`r klo shd` dôg`khglctl, qulkhck` t`k` thphk`, lxdlpt` oh dhelzh, qul sblgprl klelrè plrghcldlr fulrh klo shd`, lvbthck` kl lsth ghclrh rlspbrhr o`s 5. vhp`rls. Yhrh qul lo mhs oolmul h t`khs ohs phrtls, ls rld`glckheol klscukhrsl hctls kl gltlrsl lc oh e`osh. 4. Tlmubkh Tlmubkhglctl glctl sl hdvhc 49 m`ths kl DK lc uc rldbpblctl kl drbstho ` p`rdlohch, sbc høhkbr hmuh, bctr`kudbâck`o` lc lo bctlrb`r kl oh e`osh hctls kl gltlrsl klctr` klscuk`. Lo prbcdbpho `ealv` ls qul o`s mhsls qul sl obelrhc qulklc klctr` klo shd` klsbcfldthck` oh pblo, l bcdous` plcltrhck` lc oh dhph suplrb`r kl looh lobgbchck` ehdtlrbhs, vbrus y n`cm`s. Fbm. 521 Hpobdhdbôc d`rp`rho klo mhs kbôxbk` kl do`r` ushck` e`oshs kl poèsd`. 8;; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 H tlclr lc dulcth1 • • • • • Lstl pr`t`d`o` sustuyl uc trhthgblct` `rho. Ulhobzhr gèxbg` 4 vldls ho kçh. Tl klel nhdlr nhdlr sbc r`ph phrh qul qul lo mhs mhs plcltrl lc oh pblo. pblo. Hehrdh mrhc suplrdbl h trhthr trhthr ho gbsg` lgp`. lgp`. Lvbthr rlspbrhr lo mhs. Yr`t`d`o` N. Nhebthdbôc (phrh lvbthr d`cthmb`s) Lo pr`t`d`o` N, ` pr`t`d`o` Nhebthdbôc, sl ehsh lc lo rlsuothk` kl oh bcvlsmhdbôc kl o`s Krs. C`rb` @mhth y [hjhsnb Tnbehth, k`ckl sl klg`strô qul dhckhkls plquløhs lc lo hbrl, lvbthc d`cthmb` ` bcflddbôc. Yr`t`d`o` kl nhebthdbôc ls bklho phrh lvbthr lo d`cthmb` ` hflddb`cls puog`chrls. Yr`dlkbgblct`1 8. Hdvhr 6 h 85 m`ths slmñc slmñc lo thghø` kl oh nhebthdbôc nhebthdbôc lc uc vhs` sld`, sld`, sbc hmrlmhr hmuh, d`o`dèck`o` lc lo k`rgbt`rb`, k`ckl sl lvhp`rl olcthglctl. 5. Tu fucdb`chgblct` ls guy ldhz d`ctrh lo d`cthmb` kl su d`gphølr`, sb âo lstè kurgblck` h su ohk`, ` sb nhy gès kl 8 cbø` lc oh gbsgh nhebthdbôc. 4. Klal lo DK h uc`s 5 gltr`s kl kbsthcdbh kl oh plrs`ch lcflrgh. ;. Duhct` gès dho`r nhmh p`r oh nhebthdbôc, gès rèpbk` sl pr`kudl oh lvhp`rhdbôc. sl qublrl kl rholczhr lo glzdoh. pr`dls` kl lvhp`rhdbôc, sl pulkl høhkbr uchTbdudnhrhkh hmuh h oh • • • • Ls uc pr`t`d`o` kl obelrhdbôc olcth lc lo hgeblctl. Tl pulkl uobzhr uobzhr lc oh nhebthdbôc nhebthdbôc kl uc lcflrg`1 dhsh, n`spbtho, n`spbtho, ltd. Lobgbch phtômlc`s klo hbrl lvbthck` d`cthmb`s. Lc uc rldbpblctl rldbpblctl kl drbstho hdvhr hdvhr 6 m`ths p`r dhkh 89 g5. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` sl brè obelrhck` kurhctl uchs n`rhs. Tl rholczh lo pr`dls` kl lvhp`rhdbôc lvhp`rh dbôc høhkblck` uch dudnhrhkh kl hmuh. • Klahr oh pulrth lctrlheblrt lctrlheblrthh lc lc plquløhs plquløhs nhebthdb`cls. • Ho kçh sbmublctl s`ohglctl klelg`s lcd`ctrhr lc lo f`ck` klo vhs`, uc p`s` kl drbstho shobc`. 8;< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Yr`t`d`o` B. Bcsldt`s l pbdhkurhs Lc lo pr`t`d`o` B, ` pr`t`d`o` Bcsldt`s, sl pulkl uobzhr lo DK phrh pbdhkurhs, hucqul o` gès rèpbk` y ldhz ls lo DKT sb lstè h ghc`. D`g` nhebtuhoglctl lo DKT sl muhrkh lc frbm`rçd` lcl oh vlcthah kl rlkudbr lo nbcdnhzôc kl ghclrh bcglkbhth. Lst` pulkl slr uobzhk` phrh t`k` p` kl pbdhkurhs kl bcsldt`s, g`rklkurhs kl hrhøhs ` glkushs. Lc dhs` kl g`rkbsd` kl slrpblctl, lsd`rpbôc ` pbdhkurh kl oh rhyh vlclc`sh vlclc`sh pulkl slr cldlshrb` lo pr`t`d`o` R (bcylddbôc) kl ghclrh d`gpolglcthrbh. [hgebâc vhol phrh qulghkurhs. Yr`dlkbgblct`1 8. Tl lgphph uch mhsh mhsh ` phøulo` kl kl phplo d`c DKT. 5. Hpobdhr kbrldthglctl s`erl oh pbdhkurh ` g`rkbsd` y klahr sldhr sldhr.. 4. Tl d`gpruleh sb nhy nhloy hmubaôc pbcdn` phrh slrslh slr lxtrhçk`. ;. Tl pulkl rlplr pr`dls``ohs vldls qul cldlshrb` y c` nhy cldlsbkhk kl ohvhr d`c hmuh p`stlrb`rglctl. Yr`t`d`o` A. lcAuhmhr (pr`t`d`o` e`dh) Lo pr`t`d`o` A, ` pr`t`d`o` lcAuhmuhr, lcAuhmuhr, ls guy ño phrh s`oudb`chr pr`eolghs klcthols, nhobt`sbs (gho hoblct` — klshphrldl rèpbkhglctl), hhs eudhols y n`cm`s, bchghdb`cls, kld`o`rhdb`cls kl o`s kblctls. Yulkl slr uobzhk` d`g` lcauhmul eudho ` kurhctl lo dlpboohk` klctho. Yr`dlkbgblct`1 8. Hmrlmhr 89 go kl DKT lc uc vhs` d`c 599 go kl hmuh y lcauhmhr oh e`dh, nhdblck` mèrmhrhs 4 h ; vldls ho kçh kurhctl 4 gbcut`s (c` trhmhr). 5. Gès thrkl, uch s`oh vlz vlz ho kçh. 4. D`g` `pdbôc, dlpboohr dlpboohr o`s kblctls y ghshalhr ghshalhr ohs lcdçhs. ;. Yhrh ohs bchghdb`cls lc pr`fuckbkhk pr`fuckbkhk høhkbr 8 go kl KGT@ h oh glzdoh glzdoh (vlr c`ths). 8;6 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 C1 • Hucqul sl pulkl pu lkl uobzhr DK thgebâc d`c 89 m`ths hdvhkhs lc 599 go kl hmuh phrh lo lcauhmul, lo DKT ls gès hklduhk`, klebk` h qul su N f . • Nh khk` lxdlolctls rlsuothk`s hctls y klspuâs kl t`kh bctlrvlcdbôc `k`ct`oômbdh, lspldbhoglctl lc bgpohctls kl ghclrh prlvlcvh, nhdblck` bccldlshrb` lo us` kl hcebôd`s, p`r oh bcnbebdbôc kl t`kh bcflddbôc, klebk` h su fulrtl p`klr klsbcfldthctl. klsbcfldthctl. • Lc dhs` kl slcr slcsbebobkhk h oh prlsbôc klctho ho g`rklr, pulkl slr dhushk` p`r uch e`osh kl bcflddbôc p`r heha` klo kblctl lc oh z`ch kl ohs rhçdls klcthols, lc lstl dhs` lo dlpboohk` c` ls sudblctl y sl høhkl KGT@ ho =9% h oh glzdoh. • Lc dhs` kl k`o`r hmuk` klctho sl pulkl bcdrlglcthr oh k`sbs nhsth 59 go kl DKT lc uc vhs` kl 599 go kl hmuh. Tl t`gh uc trhm` hmuhctèck`o` lc oh dhvbkhk eudho kurhctl uc`s k`s gbcut`s. Oh rhzôc klo k`o`r hmuk` nhebtuhoglctl ls qul nhy ehdtlrbhs kl uch dhvbkhk hfldthck` ho clrvb`. Nhebtuhoglctl lo klctr` k`o`r klshphrldl duhck`klctho, yh c` lxbstlc gès cutrblctls qul pulkhc hobglcthr h ohs ehdtlrbhs. Kl lsth ghclrh, thgebâc ls p`sbeol h vldls lobgbchr hesdls`s klcthols. C` ls cldlshrb` hdohrhr d`c hmuh. Yr`t`d`o` J. Jbt d`gebchk` d`c KGT@ ho =9% Lo pr`t`d`o` J ` pr`t`d`o` Jbt d`gebchk` d`c KGT@ ho =9% rlprlslcth lo hcmu` pr`t`d`o` ‟GGT 4999‗ (DK ô DKT D KT + KGT@ hpobdhdbôc lxtlrch). Nhy vldls qul ohs k`sbs `rhols c` s`c sudblctls ` c` sl t`olrhc. Lc lst`s dhs`s, lo pr`t`d`o` pr`t`d`o` J c`s `frldl `trh vçh phrh `etlclr DK lc lo dulrp` d`c oh hyukh kl KGT@. Lc lstl dhs`, ohs m`ths d`c KGT@ sl hdvhc sblgprl lc rlohdbôc 818. Lc dhsb t`khs ohs lcflrglkhkls kl oh pblo, d`g` hdcâ, ps`rbhsbs, ldzlgh, pbl kl htolth, nlrbkhs, ltd. sl sulol hpobdhr DK hdvhk` lc oh pblo rlehahk` d`c hmuh ` DKT kbrldthglctl, slmubk` p`r KGT@ d`g` gèxbg` nhsth 89 vldls ho kçh, dhkh n`rh. Lo KGT@ pulkl hkgbcbstrhrsl thct` vçh tôpbdh, `rho ` bctrhvlc`sh (vlr gès bcf`rghdbôc lc dhpçtuo`s 5, 6 y =). Hctls kl bcbdbhr duhoqublr pr`t`d`o`, d`gpr`ehg`s prbglr` oh d`gphebobkhk phrh lvbthr lfldt`s hkvlrs`s. 8;= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Yr`ehr prbglr` sb nhy rlhddbôc hoârmbdh ho KGT@ (lc rhrhs `dhsb`cls). Ulhobzhrr uch hpobdhdbôc y lsplrhr uch n`rh h oh rlhddbôc. Ulhobzh 8. Yrlphrhdbôc kl o ô x1 8.. Glzdohr 59 m`ths kl DK hdvhk` d`c uc`s <9 go kl hmuh lc uch e`tlooh kl sprhy. Ghctlcbâck`o` frlsd` y `sdur` lsths s`oudb`cls lstheols hmuhcthc kurhctl vhrb`s kçhs nhsth uch slghch ` gès, lc rldbpblctls kl drbstho bcdous` glsls. 5. Tb sl uobzh DKT h 4.999 ppg, hpobdhro hpobdhro` ` kbrldthglctl d`c lo KGT@. 4. Hmrlmhr 4 dudnhrhkbths kl KGT@ ho =9% (sb lstè ho 22.>%, høhkbr uc 49% kl hmuh) lc uc vhs` plqulø`. C` sl klelc ushr e`tloohs kl poèsd` HET ` YL[ ` muhctls kl m`gh, yh qul p`krçhc slr kbsulot`s p`r lo KGT@ y trhcsp`rthk`s h trhvâs trhvâs kl oh pblo. Ohs e`tloohs kl YL ` NKYL s`c d`rrldths. Hpobdhdbôc1 8. Hpobdhr sblgprl s`erl s`erl oh pblo obgpbh obgpbh sbc plrfugls cb cb `trhs susthcdbhs. susthcdbhs. 5. Hpobdhr DK nhsth 89 vldls ho kçh kçh d`g` gèxbg`, r`dbèck`o` r`dbèck`o` s`erl oh pblo, fr`thck` lo KGT@ ho =9% p`stlrb`rglct p`stlrb`rglctll d`c oh ghc`. 4. Lc dhs` kl trhthgblct` trhthgblct` h mrhc lsdhoh, sl hotlrchc dhkh n`rh ohs èrlhs kl oh pblo trhthkh. Y`r lalgpo`, uch n`rh sl trhth lo erhz` klrldn` y oh sbmublctl n`rh lo erhz` bzqublrk`, oulm` oh pblrch klrldnh klrld nh y slmubkhglctl oh bzqublrkh, lstôghm`, lsphokh y oulm` v`ovlr ho erhz` klrldn`. ;. Tl nhdl lstl pr`dlkbgblct` pr`dlkbgblct` 89 vldls ho kçh kurhctl kurhctl 4 kçhs h oh slghch y oulm` sl plrgbtl h oh pblo rlmlclrhrsl rlmlclrhrsl kurhctl o`s `tr`s ; kçhs. 5. Yrlphrhdbôc `rho1 8. Tb sl uobzh DK, DK, p`clr bmuho cñglr` kl m`ths kl KGT@ qul kl DK. 5. Tb sl uobzh DKT, p`clr bmuho cñglr` kl m`ths kl KGT@ qul gbobobtr`s kl DKT. C`th1 Tlmñc cldlsbkhk, sl pulkl bcdrlglcthr nhsth uch dudnhrbooh kl C`th1 KGT@ p`r dhkh 5<9 go kl hmuh. 4. Vç v1 Lxdousbvhglct Lxdousbvhglctl l phrh pr`flsb`chols kl oh o h shouk. 8;> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 Hkvlrtlcdbhs1 • Lc dhs` qul hphrlzdh slqulkhk lxdlsbvh lc oh pblo, nhy qul kboubr gès ohs s`oudb`cls ` fr`thr ho`l vlrh ` hdlbtl kl `obvh vbrmlc lc oh pblo phrh dhoghroh. • Lc lo dhs` kl hphrldlr klghsbhkh slqulkhk slqulkhk d`c brrbthdbôc, brrbthdbôc, rlkuzdh rlkuzdh oh k`sbs ` klsdhcsl klo trhthgblct`. • Yulkl hphrldlr obmlr` pbd`r, dho`r ` r`alz g`glctèclh qul ls c`rgho y klshphrldl d`gpolthglc d`gpolthglctl. tl. • Lc cbcmñc dhs` sl klel muhrkhr lo KGT@ lc e`tloohs e`tloohs d`c m`tlr` m`tlr` kl m`gh, yh qul o` kbouyl d`cthgbchck` d`cthgbchck` oh s`oudbôc. • Tôo` klel slr muhrkhk` muhrkhk` lc e`tloohs kl p`oblolc` p`oblolc` (YL, NKYL) ` drbstho. • C` sl ush ush lc lclghs lclghs yh qul sl rlhes`relrçhc ohs t`xbchs t`xbchs prlslctls prlslctls lc lo d`o`c. • Lo KGT@ dhush `o`r h ha` lc ohs ohs gud`shs. gud`shs. • Hvbs` phrh tlrhpluths tlrhpluths11 uobzhr muhctls rlsbstlctls h o`s quçgbd`s. C\CDH KL M@GH, p`rqul sl kbsulovlc y dhushc t`xbdbkhk. Yr`t`d`o` O. Ohvhk` (pr`t`d`o` kl ehø`) Lo pr`t`d`o` O ` pr`t`d`o` Ohvhk` Ohvhk` d`csbstl lc uc ehø` kl klt`xb klt`xbdhdbôc dhdbôc y ls uc rlglkb` guy sbgpol. Tl trhth kl uch nbkr`tlrhpbh qul `frldl uch hotlrchvh phrh lobgbchr o`s lfldt`s kl o`s tôxbd`s hduguohk`s qul dhushc kbsfucdbôc lc culstr` `rmhcbsg` `rmhcbsg` y h oh vlz rlduplrhr uc dulrp` gès shc` y lct`chk`. Culstrh pblo plrglheol ls uc ôrmhc` qul p`sll oh dhphdbkhk kl hdtuhr d`g` uch glgerhch `sgôdh, plrgblck` qul sl pr`kuzdh uc bctlrdhgeb` lctrl lo bctlrb`r y lo lxtlrb`r kl culstr` dulrp`. Hklgès kl ohs k`sbs lc t`ghs `rhols, p`r oh pblo kbrldthglctl lo DK.bctlrsdbho \ch dhckhk ghy`r kl Do@5lslsp`sbeol pulsthhes`relr lc o`s ubk`s d`rp`rhols y kl tlabk` y slmñc oh lxplrblcdbh kl qublcls o` nhc uobzhk`, o`s rlsuothk`s s`erl t`k` d`gebchk`s d`c `tr`s pr`t`d`o`s, s`c ehsthctl rèpbk`s. Kl lsth ghclrh, t`kh oh suplrdbl kl oh pblo lsthrè lc d`cthdt` d`c lo mhs Do@5 kurhctl 59 h 49 gbcut`s. Yhrh homuchs plrs`chs lstl gât`k` nh supulst` uc mrhc hvhcdl klcbv`. Yr`dlkbgblct`1 8. Tl obgpbh eblc oh ehølrh. C` nhy qul p`clr cbcmñc aheôc ahe ôc cb `tr`s lc lo kl hmuh. 5. pr`kudt`s Tl hdvhcquçgbd`s 49-69 m`ths DK d`c hdvhk`r NDo ;% lc uc vhs`, klplckblck` kl oh dhckhk kl hmuh qul uobdl. H ghy`r dhckhk kl hmuh, gès dhckhk kl kbôxbk` kl do`r`. 8;2 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh 4. Tl oolch oh ehølrh d`c hmuh h tlgplrhturh tlgplrhturh d`rp`rho. C` høhkbr aheôc, plrfugl, dnhgpñ, cb aumultls kl cbø`s pr`durhck` eulch vlcohdbôc klo ehø`. ;. Høhkbr lo DK hdvhk` lc oh ehølrh y g`vlr phrh rlphrr rlphrro` o` eblc. Oh dhckhk Do@ 5 qul lstè sblck` obelrhk`. kl hmuh c` rlkudl oh dhckhk kl mhs Do@5 <. Tl t`gh lo ehø` g`ahck` eblc t`k` lo dulrp`, bcdous` dhelzh y dulr` dheloouk`. C` nhy qul prl`duphrsl lc lo dhs` qul lctrl hmuh lc o`s `a`s yh qul lc lsth k`sbs thc kboubkh lo DK c` khøh. khøh. 6. Tl pulkl høhkbr klspuâs gès hmuh dhoblctl, p`rqul lo dho`r kbohth o`s p`r`s y hsç plcltrh gès ho bctlrb`r klo `rmhcbsg`. C1 • \ch slsbôc kl ehø` klel kurhr uc`s 59 gbcut`s y rlhobzhrsl prlflrbeolglctl p`r oh c`dnl hctls kl hd`sthrsl. • Lo ehø` kl klt`xbdhdbô klt`xbdhdbôc c d`g` d`gpolglct` kl t`k` trhthgblct`, ls uch f`rgh guy ldhz kl lobgbchr o`s klsldn`s hduguohk`s lc culstr` `rmhcbsg` lc mlclrho. • Ohs oohmhs oohmhs heblrths p`r o` mlclrho mlclrho sl durhc gès rèpbkhglc rèpbkhglctl tl klebk` h oh hddbôc klsbcfldthctl klo DK. Bf ñ1 • Tl uobzh uobzh uch ehølrh d`gpolthglc d`gpolthglctl tl obgpbh y sbc ahe`cls u `tr`s hkbv`s hkbv`s kl ehø`. Tl pulkl uobzhr lo hmuh klo mrbf`, yh qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lobgbch o`s glthols plshk`s p`r `xbkhdbôc. Yhrh plrs`chs guy slcsbeols sl pulkl ushr hmuh guy dhoblctl, klaèck`oh rlp`shr uc`s gbcut`s lc oh ehølrh phrh qul sl lvhp`rl lo do`r` d o`r` d`gñc qul d`clcl. • O`s ehø`s kl klt`x klt`xbdhdbôc bdhdbôc kl hmuh ebh ` dhoblctl dhoblctl d`c 5-; jbo`s kl sho ghrbch sbgpol, hes`relc o`s èdbk`s kl culstr` dulrp` h trhvâs kl oh pblo. Ls uc pr`dls` d`c`dbk` d`g` ôsg`sbs, k`ckl sl bctlcth ghctlclr oh klcsbkhk lquboberhkh lctrl k`s ` gès ubk`s. • Hsç, lo ubk` ubk` kl ghy`r ghy`r klcsbkhk, klcsbkhk, phshrè h trhvâs trhvâs kl oh pblo nhdbh lo ubk` kl glc`r klcsbkhk drlhck` lquboberb`. Kl lsth ghclrh, o`s èdbk`s y t`xbchs uylc nhdbh fulrh kl culstr` dulrp`. Kl oh gbsgh ghclrh lo dulrp` hes`relrè, p`r glkb` kl o`s p`r`s kl oh pblo, o`s gbclrhols kl oh sho ghrbch. Y`r âsth y p`r `trhs rhz`cls rhz`cls c` sl rld`gblckh sho y`khkh, cb d`c cbcmñc hkbv` quçgbd`. quçgbd`. 8<9 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 Yr`t`d`o` G. Ghohrbh (k`sbs hoths) Lo pr`t`d`o` G, ` pr`t`d`o` Ghohrbh, ful klshrr`oohk` p`r Abg Nugeol, k`ckl ohs plrs`chs rlqublrlc kl uch htlcdbôc lfldvh lfldvh sbgpol l bcglkbhth, y c` kbsp`clc kl lgp` phrh uc ohrm` trhthgblct`. 8. Lc lo pr`dlkbgblct` pr`dlkbgblct` phrh oh ghohrbh hmukh lc hkuot`s hkuot`s sl t`gh 8 k`sbs kl 8< m`ths kl DK hdvhk`, gès 8 slmuckh k`sbs kl 8< m`ths kl DK hdvhk` 8 h 5 n`rhs klspuâs. 5. Oh ghy`rçh kl o`s sçct`ghs sçct`ghs klelrçhc nhelr klshphrldbk` uchs uchs 4 n`rhs klspuâs kl oh slmuckh k`sbs. 4. Tb o`s sçct`ghs plrsbstlc plrsbstlc sl hpobdhc 4 m`ths p`r dhkh n`rh p`stlrb`rglctl. ;. Tl sbmul lo trhthgblct` trhthgblct` plr` c` d`c gès kl 4 m`ths m`ths p`r n`rh. Lc dhs` kl cø`s, sl hpobdh nhsth uch m`th p`r dhkh ; jbo`s kl pls` d`rp`rho. <. Lc dhs` kl cèuslhs cèuslhs sl rlkudl rlkudl oh k`sbs. k`sbs. Yhrh plrs`chs qul tlcmhc pr`eolghs lc t`ghr lsth dhckhk h oh vlz, sl pulklc rloolchr 4 dèpsuohs kl mlo d`c < m`ths hdvhkhs dhkh uch y t`ghrohs d`c heuckhctl hmuh. Nhebtuhoglctl rlsuoth gès fèdbo y c` dhush pr`eolghs kl brrbthdbôc lc oh mhrmhcth. Tb trhs lstl pr`dlkbgblct` lo phdblctl d`ccñh lcflrg`,, lct`cdls c` slrè p`r oh ghohrbh, slrè p`r `trh lcflrglkhk. lcflrg` Tl d`cfuckl gudnhs vldls lo klcmul d`c oh ghohrbh, hge`s s`c trhcsgbk`s p`r uc g`squbt`, plr` gblctrhs oh ghohrbh ls uc phrèsbt`, lo klcmul ls uc vbrus y lo pr`t`d`o` hklduhk` ls lo pr`t`d`o` F (hcmu` pr`t`d`o` vçrbd` 88<). [hgebâc sl pulkl uobzhr uc pr`t`d`o` hotlrchv` gès hvhczhk` (vlr lc oh pèmbch sbmublctl) sb lo phdblctl hkuot` lstè guy klebobthk`. G vz1 • > m`ths kl DK lc oh 8ª • < m`ths kl DK lc oh 5ª • < m`ths kl DK lc oh ;ª • 6 m`ths kl DK lc oh 6ª • > m`ths kl DK lc oh >ª • > m`ths kl DK ho k`rgbr • [ 1 ;9 • Oh ghohrbh klel klshphrldlr uobzhck` uobzhck` lstl lstl pr`t`d`o` lc uc s`o` kçh. Lc dhs` kl qul c` rlgbth oh lerl ho cho klo kçh, huglcthr uch ñogh t`gh kl 89 m`ths. Yhrh eleâs1 ; t`ghs kbhrbhs, kl 8 m`th dhkh 4 n`rhs. Huglcthr k`s m`ths gès, sb ls cldlshrb`. 8<8 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh • Yhrh cbø`s1 < t`ghs kbhrbhs kl 8 m`th m`th dhkh 5 n`rhs, p`r dhkh 85 jm kl pls`. Hkgbcbstrhr p`r 5 kçhs. Yr`t`d`o` C. Cbø`s y hk`olsdlctls Lo pr`t`d`o` C, ` pr`t`d`o` Cbø`s y hk`olsdlctls, lstè ehshk` lc lxplrblcdbhs y tlsg`cb`s kl gudnhs ghkrls.. Y`r rlmoh mlclrho sl uobzh uc gèxbg` kl 8 m`th kl DK hdvhk` p`r dhkh 85 jm kl pls` d`g` k`sbs bcbdbho p`r n`rh, lc 899 go ` gès kl hmuh. DKT sulol slr gès t`olrhk` y sl uobzh 8 go kl DKT 9,4% (4999 ppg) lc 899 go ` gès kl hmuh, p`r dhkh 85 jbo`s kl pls`. • Hctls kl bcbdbhr duhoqublr pr`t`d`o`, d`gpr`ehg`s prbglr` oh d`gphebobkhk, phrh lvbthr lfldt`s hkvlrs`s. • Ohs m`ths sl hdvhc sblgprl lc rlohdbôc 818, 818, høhkblck` høhkblck` kl 899 h 599 go kl hmuh. • Nhy qul qul `eslrvhr lo d`gp`rthgblct` d`gp`rthgblct` klo klo glc`r sb hphrldl1 dhcshcdb`, cèuslhs, k`o`r kl ehrrbmh, vôgbt`… phrh hausthr oh k`sbs slmñc cldlsbkhk. Mlclrhoglctl sl pulkl kldbr qul o` gla`r ls c` khr cbcmñc p` kl glkbdhglct` ` trhthgblct` nhsth lo hø` kl vbkh sb c` ls bgplrhv`. • < jbo`s jbo`s11 • 8< jbo` jbo`s1 s1 4 m`th m`thss ho ho kçh, kçh, rlph rlphrk rk` ` lc lc 89 t`g t`ghs. hs. Tl pul pulkl kl glz glzdoh dohrr d`c d`c oh oh oldnl oldnl kl hrr`z. 6 m`th m`thss ho ho kçh, kçh, rlp rlphr hrk k` ` lc 89 t`g t`ghs hs.. • 49 jbo` jbo`s1 s1 > m`th m`thss ho ho kçh, kçh, rlp rlphr hrk k` ` lc 89 t`g t`ghs hs.. • ;9 jbo` jbo`s1 s1 • 69 jb jbo` o`ss1 85 m`t m`ths hs ho ho kçh, kçh, rlp rlphr hrk k` ` lc 89 t`g t`ghs hs.. k`s `sbs bs hkuo uotth. • Lvbthr hc`xbkhctls y vbthgbch D. • O`s pr`kudt`s pr`kudt`s klelc ghctlclr ghctlclrsl sl fulrh fulrh klo hodhcdl kl o`s cbø`s. • Lcvhsls d`c dblrrls dblrrls h pruleh kl cbø`s cbø`s s`c prlfl prlflrbeols. rbeols. Yr`t`d`o` @. @fthog`oômbd` / @t`rrbc` (chsho) Lo pr`t`d`o` @, ` pr`t`d`o` @hog`oômbd`/@t`rrbc` (chsho), d`csbstl lc oh fherbdhdbôc kl m`ths phrh us` `hog`oômbd` ` chsho. Lo pr`dlkbgblct` ls lo sbmublctl1 glzdohr lc uc frhsd` kl drbstho plqulø` d`c m`tlr` kl p`oblolc` (lo p`oblolc` (YL) ls gès kur` qul oh m`gh) oh sbmublctl s`oudbôc1 8<5 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 <9 go kl sulr` sb`oômbd` shobc` • < go kl DKT • 4 go kl KGT@ ho =9% • Ohs m`ths `hog`oômbdhs ` chshols sl muhrkhrèc lc uc sb` `sdur` y frlsd` y lclc uch kurhdbôc kl 899% ldhdbh kurhctl uc`s 4 kçhs. Klspuâs kbsgbcuylc rèpbkhglctl, hsç qul sl rld`gblckh v`ovlr h prlphrhr culvhglctl. C` nhy plobmr` kl bcflddbôc, klebk` h qul ls uc oçqubk` klsbcfldthctl, klsbcfldthctl, sbgpolglctl qul oh ldhdbh sl glrgh d`c o`s kçhs. @a1 Hpobdhr < m`ths kl oh s`oudbôc dhkh 5 n`rhs lc lo `a` hfldth hfldthk`. k`. @ç1 DKT - Høhkbr kl 5 h ; go kl DKT ho 9.4% (4999 ppg) h 49 go (uch `czh) kl hmuh ebh. Oolchr lo m`tlr` l bctr`kudbro` lc lo `çk` hd`sthk` kl ohk`, klaèck`o` kurhctl 8 ô 5 gbcut`s y obgpbhr lo oçqubk` s`erhctl d`c uc phøulo` ho olvhcthrsl. DK - Hdvhr kl 5 h ; m`ths kl DK (818) y klspuâs høhkbr 49 go (uch `czh) kl hmuh ebh. Oolchr lo m`tlr` l bctr`kudbro` lc lo `çk` hd`sthk` kl ohk`, klaèck`o` kurhctl 8 ô 5 gbcut`s y obgpbhr lo oçqubk` s`erhctl d`c uc phøulo` ho olvhcthrsl. pr`t`d`o` ` M (Mhs) ls lo gès bckbdhk` lc [lcmh lc dulcth qul lo pr`t`d`o trhthgblct`s phrh pr`eolghs kl `çk` , k`ckl slpulkh thph ohoolmhr hplrturh klo vhs` hp`yhck` lcdbgh oh `rlah kl lxtlrc` g`k` qul lo mhs gès pr`fuck` h oh z`ch bcfldthkh, k`ckl lo hmuh h vldls c` oolmh p`r pr`eolghs kl bchghdbôc, oh duho lstrldnh lo d`ckudt` klo `çk`. Cz1 Yhrh obgpbhr ohs f`shs chshols, ushr 89 go kl oh s`oudbôc lc dhkh `rbdb` 8 ô 5 vldls ho kçh. Y z 1 • Bcdoçcl Bcdoçclsl sl s`erl lo ohvhe` y mbrl oh dhelzh kl g`k` qul oh f`sh chsho bzqublrkhh qulkl nhdbh heha`. bzqublrk 8<4 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh • Bctr`kuzdh Bctr`kuzdh oh s`oudbôc lc oh f`sh f`sh chsho klrldnh klrldnh ushck` uch alrbcmh. Lo hmuh lsdurrbrè p`r oh f`sh chsho bzqublrkh. • [hpl oh chrbz phrh hslmurhr qul oh s`oudbôc uyh klctr` kl ohs f`shs f`shs chshols. • Y`cmh oh dhelzh dhelzh nhdbh heha` heha` nhdblck` g`vbgblct`s d`c oh dhelzh dhelzh y oulm` nhdbh hrrbeh. • Vulovh h p`clr oh dhelzh kl ohk`, sulotl oh chrbz y klal qul lo oçqubk` shomh. • Ulpbth lo gbsg` pr`dls` kl rblm` p`r oh f`sh f`sh chsho bzqublr bzqublrkh. kh. Lc dhs` kl kukh hdlrdh kl dôg` lfldtuhr oh obgpblzh kl ohs f`shs chshols, vlh lo sbmublctl vçkl`1 nps1//y`utu nps1//y`utu.el/`rpf64wsO .el/`rpf64wsOy` y` Yr`t`d`o` Y. Yhrèsbt`s (pr`t`d`o` bctlcs`) Lo pr`t`d`o` Y, ` pr`t`d`o` Yhrèsbt`s, ls uc pr`t`d`o` kl vbtho bgp`rthcdbh. Lc oh s`dblkhk lc oh qul vbvbg`s nlg`s plrkbk` lo d`cthdt` d`c oh shebkurçh p`puohr hcdlstrho. Oh glkbdbch yh c` d`ctlgpoh phrèsbt`s lc oh s`dblkhk g`klrch: sl sup`cl qul yh c` nhy… Fbm. 491 Yhrèsbt` lc oh shcmrl. Lstl lalgpohr lcr`oohk` lc oh gulstrh kl shcmrl klgulstrh o` d`ctrhrb`… ¡sb nhy! T`erl t`k` lc lcflrglkhkls drôcbdhs. Yr`t`d`o` kl klsphrhsbthdbôc phrh trls glsls1 \ch kl ohs d`shs qul nlg`s `ovbkhk` ls lo slmubr lo dbdo` dbd o` chturho kl oh Ouch phrh gudnhs kl culstrhs ruchs, p`r ls` ls bgp`rthctl lgplzhr lo trhthgblct` trhthgblct` 8<; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 kurhctl o`s trls kçhs kl oh ouch oolch y d`ccuhr o`s kçhs kl ouch glcmuhctl. Oh lfldvbkhk lc lstl plrç`k` ls ghy`r p`rqul lc lstl dbdo` mrhc phrtl kl o`s clgèt`k`s sl hphrlhc lc lo bctlsc`. Lstl pr`t`d`o` vh gudn` gès hooè kl uch sbgpol klsphrhsbthdbôc, y lstè plcshk` phrh uobzhrsl duhck` `trhs klsphrhsbthdb`cls klsphrhsbth db`cls d`cvlcdb`c d`cvlcdb`chols hols fhoohc. Kurhctl lo trhthgblct`, s`erl t`k` ho prbcdbpb`, sl nhdl t`thoglctl cldlshrb` lo us` kl lclghs kbhrb`s kl DK ehsthctl d`ccu`s, ho bmuho qul oh purmh d`c hdlbtl kl rbdbc`, uc purmhctl gbclrho d`g` ohs shols kl Lps`c ` uc prlphrhk` vlmltho d`g` ohs n`ahs kl Tlc. Lstl ls uc trhthgblct` lspldbhoglctl `rblcthk` h oh klsphrhsbthdbôc bctlscho kl phrèsbt`s kl mrhc thghø`, s`erl t`k` clgèt`k`s rlk`ck`s d`g` o`s hsdhrbs. Ls lfldv` phrh oh ghy`rçh kl o`s clgèt`k`s plr` pulkl rlsuothr glc`s ldhz d`ctrh o`s dâst`k`s d`g` ls lo dhs` kl oh fhgbobh kl ohs tlcbhs. Lc lo dhs` kl uch hfldthdbôc p`r [lcbhs ls lfldv` lo trhthgblct` d`c Cbdo`shgbkh, sblck` uc glkbdhglct` hd`cslaheol p`r su ehah t`xbdbkhk. Fbm. 481 Yhrèsbt`s klctr` kl eb`og, thgebâc oohghk` kl ghmgh phrhsbthrb`. Lc oh prèddh lc t`k`s o`s cbø`s hfldthk`s kl husg` y lc oh ghy`rçh kl ohs lcflrglkhkls drôcbdhs, sl nh p`kbk` vlr uch dhckhk mrhckl kl gud`shs, h vldls kbdbo kl bklcdhr yh qul sl hslglah h uc Èsdhrbs gulrt` ` slmñc kbdlc homuc`s, h uch gud`sbkhk bctlscho. Tl lcd`ctrhr`c gud`sbkhkls bctlschols p`r lcdbgh kl 8 gltr` y p`r o` thct` ls p`d` pr`eheol qul slhc gud`sbkhkls klo pr`pb` phdblctl. Oh \cbvlrsbkhk kl E`o`cbh, lc Bthobh, hrgh qul ls uch gud`sbkhk pr`pbh klo dulrp`. Tbc lgehrm` lo Kr. V`obcsjy kl oh \cbvlrsbkhk kl Fo`rbkh nh p`kbk` nhdlr uc hcèobsbs klo HKC kl oh gud`sbkhk, y `pbch qul ls 8<< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh halc` ho dulrp` nughc`. Y`r o` thct` kl g`glct`, `pbc` qul ls uch f`rgh kl „ghmgh phrhsbthrb`‒ c` dohsbdhk` y p`r loo`, thgp`d` hphrldl lc o`s hcèobsbs kl o`s ohe`rht`rb`s. Ohs lvbklcdbhs lstèc khkhs p`r o`s rlsuothk`s. Tl nhc p`kbk` rlduplrhr h gès kl 4<9 cbø`s kl husg`, ehsèck`sl lc lstl pr`t`d`o`, y t`k`s lxpuoshr`c mrhckls dhckhkls kl lstl pohsgh phrhsbthrb` (eb`og) y thgebâc `tr`s phrèsbt`s. Klspuâs kl dhkh lxpuosbôc, gla`rhr`c d`csbklrheolglctl. O` gbsg` `durrl lc gudnhs lcflrglkhkls drôcbdhs, hphrlctlglctl sbc s`oudbôc. Hucqul sl shel qul ls ldhz, sl klel bcvlsmhr gès lc uc futur` phrh `etlclr dlrtlzh dblcdh. C`th1 Lstl trhthgblct` c` uobzh glkbdhglct`s hcphrhsbthrb`s sbstâgbd`s qul s`c hes`rebk`s p`r lo dulrp`. Yhrh lst` ls gla`r uc Qhpplr kl hoth mhgh, d`g` lo Eb`tr`nc®, yh qul lobgbch phrèsbt`s lc shcmrl sbc bct`xbdhr. Lstl pr`t`d`o` lstè kbsløhk` thgebâc phrh p`klr slr ushk` lc cbø`s, sbc dhushr uch dhrmh tôxbdh lxdlsbvh lc oh shcmrl y lo dulrp`, klebk` h su kurhdbôc y k`sbs. C` nhy qul d`cfuckbr Glelckhz`o d`c Hoelckhz`o (hoelczh) qul sç ls sbstâgbd` y rlqublrl rldlth gâkbdh. Tb hprldbh uch dohrh bcflsthdbôc kl phrèsbt`s lc shcmrl, sl klel d`csuothr d`c uc gâkbd` phrh d`crghro`, y sôo` lct`cdls sl hpobdhrçhc hcphrhsbthrb`s sbstâgbd`s, qul sç slrèc hes`rebk`s p`r oh shcmrl, slmñc lo drbtlrb` klo gâkbd`. Ohs ghrdhs kl lst`s hcphrhsbthrb`s vhrçhc lc dhkh phçs, p`r o` thct` sl uobzh lc lstl pr`t`d`o` oh susthcdbh hdvh quçgbdh prbcdbpho. Klel d`csuothr oh ghrdh d`c su fhrghdâud`. Fbm. 451 F`t`mrhh kl eb`og obelrhk` klo bctlsc` nughc`. 8<6 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 [rhthgblct`1 Kç 8 • Yhg`ht Yhg`ht` ` kl Ybrhctlo Ybrhctlo (k`sbs (k`sbs ñcbdh ghøhch) 89 gm/jm, hkgbcbstrhk`s lc uch ñcbdh t`gh auct` d`c homñc Lc lo dhs` kl (phrh prlslcthrsl lc f`rgh oçqubkh, uch dudnhrhkbth kloçqubk`. < go d`clcl 5<9 gm 69 jm trls dudnhrhkbths kl < go). Lc f`rgh kl d`gprbgbk`s t`ghr 4 phsoohs phrh 69 jm. • [blrrh kl kbht`glhs (5 k`sbs). \ch \ch dudnhrhkbth dudnhrhkbth kl p`strl p`strl k`s vldls ho kçh d`c ohs d`gbkhs, prlflrlctlglctl prlflrlctlglctl oçqubk`s. Ghøhch y thrkl. Kç 5 • Glelckhz`o Glelckhz`o (k`s k`sbs) 899 gm dhkh dhkh k`dl n`rhs. n`rhs. \ch phsooh phsooh p`r oh ghøhch y uch p`r oh c`dnl. • [blrrh kl kbht`glhs (k`s k`sbs). \ch dudnhrhkbth dudnhrhkbth kl p`strl k`s k`s vldls ho ho kçh d`c ohs d`gbkhs, prlflrlctlglctl prlflrlctlglctl oçqubk`s. Ghøhch y thrkl. • Lclgh. Lqubp` hkbdb`cho cldlshrb`1 lclgh kl 5 obtr`s. obtr`s. Kç 4 • Hdlbtl kl Ubdbc`, k`s k`s dudnhrhkhs dudnhrhkhs s`plrhs s`plrhs (klshe`rbzhk` (klshe`rbzhk` kl fhrghdbh) lc hyuchs. • Glelckhz` Glelckhz`oo (k`s k`sbs) 899 gm dhkh dhkh k`dl n`rhs. n`rhs. \ch phsooh phsooh p`r oh ghøhch y uch p`r oh c`dnl. • [blrrh kl kbht`glhs (k`s k`sbs). \ch dudnhrhkbth dudnhrhkbth kl p`strl k`s k`s vldls ho ho kçh d`c ohs d`gbkhs, prlflrlctlglctl prlflrlctlglctl oçqubk`s. Ghøhch y thrkl. • Lclgh. Kç ; • Glelckhz`o Glelckhz`o (k`s k`sbs) 899 gm dhkh dhkh k`dl n`rhs. n`rhs. \ch phsooh phsooh p`r oh ghøhch y uch p`r oh c`dnl. • [blrrh kl kbht`glhs (k`s k`sbs). \ch dudnhrhkbth dudnhrhkbth kl p`strl k`s k`s vldls ho ho kçh d`c ohs d`gbkhs, prlflrlctlglctl prlflrlctlglctl oçqubk`s. Ghøhch y thrkl. • Lclgh. Kç < • Yhg`ht` Yhg`ht` kl pbrhctlo (k`sbs ñcbdh) ñcbdh) 89 gm/jm, hkgbcbstrhk`s lc uch ñcbdh t`gh auct` d`c homñc oçqubk`. Lc lo dhs` kl prlslcthrsl lc f`rgh oçqubkh, uch dudnhrhkbth kl < go d`clcl 5<9 gm (phrh 69 jm, trls dudnhrhkbths kl < go). Lc f`rgh kl d`gprbgbk`s t`ghr 4 phsoohs phrh 69 jm. 8<= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh • [blrrh kl kbht`glhs (k`s k`sbs). \ch dudnhrhkbth dudnhrhkbth kl p`strl k`s k`s vldls ho ho kçh d`c ohs d`gbkhs, prlflrlctlglct prlflrlctlglctll oçqubk`s. Ghøhch y thrkl. • Lclgh. Kç 6 • Hdlbtl kl Ubdbc`, k`s dudnhrhkhs s`plrhs s`plrhs (klshe`rbzhk` (klshe`rbzhk` kl fhrghdbh) lc hyuchs. • Glelckhz` Glelckhz`o1o1 899 gm dhkh k`dl n`rhs. n`rhs. \ch phsooh p`r p`r oh ghøhch y uch p`r oh c`dnl. • [blrrh kl kbht`glhs. \ch dudnhrhkbth dudnhrhkbth kl p`strl k`s k`s vldls ho kçh d`c ohs d`gbkhs, prlflrlctlglctl oçqubk`s. Ghøhch y thrkl. • Lclgh. Kç = • Glelckhz` Glelckhz`o1o1 899 gm dhkh k`dl n`rhs. n`rhs. \ch phsooh p`r p`r oh ghøhch y uch p`r oh c`dnl. • [blrrh kl kbht`glhs. \ch dudnhrhkbth dudnhrhkbth kl p`strl k`s k`s vldls ho kçh d`c ohs d`gbkhs, prlflrlctlglctl oçqubk`s. Ghøhch y thrkl. • Lclgh. Kç > • Glelckhz`o1 Glelckhz`o1 899 gm dhkh k`dl n`rhs. n`rhs. \ch phsooh p`r p`r oh ghøhch y uch p`r oh c`dnl. • [blrrh kl kbht`glhs. \ch dudnhrhkbth dudnhrhkbth kl p`strl k`s k`s vldls ho kçh d`c ohs d`gbkhs, prlflrlctlglctl oçqubk`s. Ghøhch y thrkl. • Lclgh. Kç 2 8> ( ) • Hdlbtl kl Ubdbc`, k`s dudnhrhkhs dudnhrhkhs s`plrhs s`plrhs (klshe`rbzhk` (klshe`rbzhk` kl fhrghdbh) lc hyuchs. Tl klelrè rlplr lc fucdbôc kl oh cldlsbkhk kl dhkh plrs`ch. Tuprbgbr lc dhs` kl kbhrrlh d`ccuh. • [blrrh kl kbht`glhs. \ch dudnhrhkbth kl p`strl k`s vldls ho kçh, d`c ohs d`gbkhs, prlflrlctlglctl oçqubk`s. Ghøhch y thrkl. • Bcfusbôc kl Cllg (Hzhkbrhdnth bckbdh) (2 kçhs). [rls dudnhrhkbths rhshs kl tâ lc uc obtr` kl hmuh. Nlrvbr kurhctl < gbcut`s l br t`ghck` kurhctl kurhctl t`k` lo kçh. Yulklc ushr thgebâc ohs dèpsuohs kl Cllg yh qul oh bcfusbôc guy hghrmh. • ls Lclghs kl oh ghclrh gès d`ccuhkh p`sbeol. 8<> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 Kç 2 8> ( ) • Hdlbtl kl Ubdbc`, k`s k`s dudnhrhkhs dudnhrhkhs s`plrhs s`plrhs (klshe`rbzhk` (klshe`rbzhk` kl fhrghdbh) lc hyuchs. Tl klelrè rlplr lc fucdbôc kl oh cldlsbkhk kl dhkh plrs`ch. Tuprbgbr lc dhs` kl kbhrrlh d`ccuh. • [blrrh kl kbht`glhs. \ch dudnhrhkbth dudnhrhkbth kl p`strl k`s k`s vldls ho kçh d`c ohs d`gbkhs, prlflrlctlglctl oçqubk`s. Ghøhch y thrkl. • Bcfusbôc kl Lphz`tl (Dnlc`p`kbug hger`sb`bkls) (4 kçhs). Nlrvbr 8 ô 5 dudnhrhkhs kl n`ahs phrh 8 obtr` kl hmuh kurhctl 89 gbcut`s, klahr rlp`shr y d`ohr. Elelr 8 thzh lc hyuc` kurhctl 4 kçhs slmubk`s. • Lo rlst` rlst` kl o`s kçhs, t`ghr lo mlo kl Ho`l vlrh d`c zug` ` hmuh lc hyuchs. • Lclghs kl oh ghclrh gès d`ccuhkh p`sbeol. Kç 2 8> ( ) • Hdlbtl kl Ubdbc`, k`s k`s dudnhrhkhs dudnhrhkhs s`plrhs s`plrhs (klshe`rbzhk` (klshe`rbzhk` kl fhrghdbh) lc hyuchs. Tl klelrè rlplr lc fucdbôc kl oh cldlsbkhk kl dhkh plrs`ch. Tuprbgbr lc dhs` kl kbhrrlh d`ccuh. • [blrrh kl kbht`glhs. \ch dudnhrhkbth dudnhrhkbth kl p`strl k`s k`s vldls ho kçh d`c ohs d`gbkhs, prlflrlctlglctl oçqubk`s. Ghøhch y thrkl. • Bcfusbôc kl Cllg (Hzhkbrhdnth bckbdh) kurhctl 2 kçhs ` bcfusbôc hcphrhsbthrbh hotlrchvh. • Lclghs kl oh ghclrh gès d`ccuhkh p`sbeol. • Tb klspuâs klo tlrdlr gls t`khvçh t`khvçh lstèc shoblck` shoblck` phrèsbt`s, phrèsbt`s, ` mrhckls mrhckls dhckhkls kl gud`sbkhkls, sl klel bcbdbhr klskl lo prbglr gls `trh vlz. Kç 82 49 () Tlmñc oh Ulho Hdhklgbh kl Glkbdbch Erbtècbdh lo 29% kl ohs lcflrglkhkls y klo gholsthr lstè rlohdb`chk` kbrldth ` bckbrldthglctl d`c lo d`o`c sudb`. Y`klg`s d`csbklrhr lo d`o`c d`g` oh do`hdh klo dulrp` y ohs t`xbchs qul hooç sl lcdulctrhc sl otrhc lc oh shcmrl y kltlrb`rhc mrhvlglctl oh shouk. Lc lo d`o`c kl o`s hkuot`s ghy`rls kl ;9 hø`s sl pulklc lcd`ctrhr mlclrhoglctl lctrl 5 y 85 jbo`s kl slkbglct`s. Lc lstl mruls` kl ehsurh c` purmhkh sl gulvlc o`s phrèsbt`s gès ` glc`s mrhckls bct`xbdhck` bct`xbdhck` lo `rmhcbsg` kl su n`splkhk`r kl uch f`rgh olcth, plr` slmurh. Kl o`s hobglct`s qul oolmhc ho sbstlgh kbmlsv` o`s phrèsbt`s d`csuglc oh ghy`r phrtl kl sus eulc`s cutrblctls klahck` gudnhs vldls sôo` ‟ehsurh‗ ho n`splkhk`r. Ls p`r ls` qul, hucqul sl trhtl kl d`glr shchglctl t`ghck` vbthgbchs supolglcthrbhs y `tr`s pr`kudt`s, c` sl d`csbmul cbcmuch gla`rçh, ls gès, lc `dhsb`cls sl d`csbmul t`k` o` d`ctrhrb`1 cutrbr h o`s phrèsbt`s. \c` kl o`s 8<2 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh gla`rls gât`k`s phrh lobgbchr t`k` lsl mruls` ls oh oohghkh ‟nbkr`tlrhpbh kl d`o`c‗, qul uc tâdcbd` pulkl rlhobzhr. Kl ghclrh chturho y hucqul sôo` slh d`c hmuh, lo trhthgblct` d`c lclghs kl 5 obtr`s pulkl hyukhr h durhr gudnhs lcflrglkhkls. \obzhk` p`r gudnhs duoturhs klskl oh hcmÿlkhk, ls uc gât`k` fèdbo y uch kl ohs f`rghs chturhols kl obgpbhr pr`mrlsbvh pr`mrlsbvhglctl glctl lo d`o`c. Lo oçqubk` bctr`kudbk` hyukh h lobgbchr oh t`xbdbkhk hduguohkh lc lo bctlsc` bctlsc`,, p`r oh gulrtl kl o`s phrèsbt`s. Lc lo dhs` kl pr`kudbrsl uch gulrtl ghsbvh kl mushc`s pulklc huglcthr oh lerl, lo dhcshcdb` y uc` pulkl oolmhr h slcrsl ehsthctl lcflrg`. Yhrh lvbthr qul ohs t`xbchs oolmulc ho t`rrlctl shcmuçcl` klelg`s lvhduhr lo sbstlgh kbmlsv` o` hctls p`sbeol h trhvâs kl lclghs. Lo lclgh ls uch kl ohs phrtls bgprlsdbckbeols lc lstl trhthgblct`. O`s phrèsbt`s mlclrhc uch gud`sh ` eb`og lc lo bctlsc` lc lo qul pulklc lsd`cklrsl phrh c` slr hthdhk`s p`r cbcmñc glkbdhglct`, glkbdhglct`, kl hnç oh bgp`rthcdbh kl o`s lclghs d`c DK. Lo DK ls dhphz kl plcltrhr lsh dhph klstruylck` thgebâc o`s nulv`s y ohrvhs qul hooç sl ho`ahc. Klel rlhobzhrsl kbhrbhglctl h phrr klo slmuck` kçh y pr`mrlsbvhglctl pulkl br lsphdbèck`sl dhkh 4 ` ; kçhs. O` gès bgp`rthctl ls lsdudnhr ho pr`pb` dulrp` y âo gbsg` c`s ghrdhrè ohs phuths kl sus cldlsbkhkls. Oh dhckhk hklduhkh h uobzhr ls kl lctrl 89 y 59 m`ths kl DK d`c su d`rrlsp`ckblctl hdvhk`r ` eblc 89-59 go kl DKT phrh 5 obtr`s. Tl pulkl br huglcthck` oh k`sbs slmñc oh hdlpthdbôc. O` gès bgp`rthctl ls rltlclr lo oçqubk` klctr` lo ghy`r lgp` p`sbeol (<-89 gbcut`s, sb ls p`sbeol, c` gès). Kltlddbôc kl phrèsbt`s oh lcghtlrbh nldls. Tlfldho. nhdl Yhrh cldlshrb` kltldthr ohs o`gerbdls `eslrvhck` kbrldthglctl ls` p`klg`s kbsp`clr kl uch phohcmhch kl poèsd` kl kbègltr` c` guy mrhckl y kl uc phobt` phrh lo lxhglc dhkh vlz vlz qul nhmhg`s uch klp`sbdbôc. Tl nhrè guy ño sb kbsp`clg`s kl uc gbdr`sd`pb` phrh oh kbhmc`sbs, p`rqul d`c âo p`klg`s `eslrvhr thct` o`s plqulø`s phrèsbt`s qul pulkh nhelr lc oh shcmrl, d`g` oh prlslcdbh kl nulv`s ` ohrvhs lc ohs nldls. Kl lsth ghclrh p`klg`s d`ctr`ohr sb oh dhckhk phrhsbthrbh kbsgbcuyl. Lstl trhthgblct` ls trlglckhglctl ldhz phrh cbø`s qul c` pulklc k`rgbr yh qul gudnhs vldls s`c o`s gbsg`s phrèsbt`s, o`s qul dhushc gholsthr l bcqubltuk. T`erl t`k` lc cbø`s ls uc phrèsbt` guy d`gñc qul ls rlsp`csheol kl dhushr hcsblkhk ` trhst`rc`s p` kâdbt kl htlcdbôc. 869 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 Glkbdhglct`s phrh oh klsphrhsbthdbôc1 Glelckhz`o (O, Vx) Lo glelckhz`o ls uc glkbdhglct` qul sl uobzh klskl o`s hø`s =9 lc lo trhthgblct` kl lcflrglkhkls pr`kudbkhs p`r nlogbct`s (mushc`s klo trhdt` mhstr`bctlscho). Lstl glkbdhglct` bgpbkl qul lo phrèsbt` uobdl oh moud`sh, pr`v`dèck`ol pr`v`dèc k`ol uch kbsgbcudbôc kl lclrmçh y oh gulrtl. Lo glelckhz`o sl hes`rel kl ghclrh guy obgbthkh lc lo trhdt` mhstr`bctlscho (hpr`xbghkhglctl sôo` < h 89%). Oh hes`rdbôc sl vl huglcthkh sb sl hkgbcbstrh d`caucthglctl d`c hobglct`s mrhs`s. Tl glthe`obzh lc ghy`r glkbkh lc lo nçmhk`. Hpr`xbghkhglctl lo 5% klo glelckhz`o hkgbcbstrhk` sl lxdrlth p`r `rbch. Lo rlst` sl lxdrlth lc nldls. Oh k`sbs hklduhkh kl glelckhz`o pulkl slr kbflrlctl phrh dhkh phdblctl. Lsth klplckl klo p` kl phrèsbt` qul dhusl oh bcflddbôc. Oh k`sbs frldulctlglctl rld`glckhkh ls kl 899 gm, 5 vldls ho kçh, kurhctl 4 kçhs. lfldt`s hkvlrs`sYulkl klo glelckhz`o s`c, lcvôgbt`s, mlclrho, k`o`r p`d` frldulctls khkhO`s su p`dh hes`rdbôc. pr`kudbr cèuslhs, hek`gbcho y kbhrrlh. C`rghoglctl lst`s lfldt`s s`c mlclrhk`s p`r oh obelrhdbôc kl t`xbchs klo pr`pb` phrèsbt` ho g`rbr. Yulkl hkgbcbstrhrsl kl ghclrh guy lfldvh d`c uch plquløh plrbooh p`r vçh hcho 8< go kboubk`s lc uc p`d` kl hmuh ebh, sl bctr`kudl lc lo rldt` d`c uc`s 49 go hpr`xbghk`s kl hmuh, klskl k`ckl oolmh ho bctlsc` mruls`, y sl klah hdtuhr kurhctl t`kh oh c`dnl. Lstè lspldbhoglctl bckbdhk` lc lo dhs` kl `xburhsbs, klshphrldblck` klshphrldblck` lo pbd`r. Gez (O, (O, Vx) Vx) ñ ôx ç 1 • Hg`xbdbobch • Hzbtr`gbdbch • Dhrehghzlpbch • D • Lt`t`çch • Glflcbt`çch • Gltr`cbkhz`o • Ylcbdbobch ¡G ! B Gez (O (O ,, Vx)1 8. Oh bctlrhddbôc gès bgp`rthctl ls Fohmyo (gltr`cbkhz`o). ¡Lst` ls guy ! C@ . Duhck` sl ushc auct`s, p`krçhc dhushr lo sçckr`gl kl Ttlvlcs- A`ncs`c, qul pulkl slr guy mrhvl. 868 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh 5. Oh 5ª bctlrhddbôc sbmcbdhvh d`c Vlrg`x Vlrg`x ls [hmhglt [hmhglt (dbglkbch). Lst` c` rlsuoth lc uch mrhvl bctlrhddbôc, plr` p`krçh rlsuothr lc uch rlkuddbôc klo glthe`obsg` nlpèd` klo glelckhz`o, dhushck` lolvhkh d`cdlctrhdbôc kl sulr` / shcmrl. Yhg`ht` kl Ybrhctlo ([e) Ls uc hcnlogçcd` kl hgpob` lspldtr` qul hdtñh glkbhctl eo`qul` clur`gusduohr, dhushck` oh phrèobsbs klo phrèsbt` y su p`stlrb`r lxpuosbôc p`r hddbôc klo g`vbgblct` bctlscho, sbc pr`kudbr lxdbthdbôc kl o`s phrèsbt`s, cb lsguohr su gbmrhdbôc. Lo phg`ht` kl pbrhctlo lcl uch hddbôc kl d`rth kurhdbôc y lckl h uch d`gpolth lobgbchdbôc klo dulrp` p`r ohs nldls y oh `rbch, lc uc pohz` kl 4 h ; kçhs. Lo phg`ht` kl pbrhctlo ls lsdhshglctl hes`rebk` lc lo trhdt` mhstr`bctlscho y hpr`xbghkhglctl klo 6 h >% klo t`tho, ls lcd`ctrhk` lc oh `rbch y lo rlst` lc ohs nldls. Oh k`sbs rld`glckhkh lc hkuot`s ls kl uch k`sbs ñcbdh ho kçh. Kl 85 hø`s lc hklohctl, kl ;9 h =< jm1 4 theolths. Hkuot`s kl gès kl =< jm1 ; theolths. Hkvlrtlcdbh11 ls bcd`gpheol d`c lo us` kl oh pbplrhdbch, susthcdbh qul sl Hkvlrtlcdbh lcdulctrh kl ghclrh chturho lc ohs pbphs kl dhohehzh ` lc o`s hcphrhsbthrb`s qul lclc lc su fôrguoh lsth susthcdbh yh qul sl clutrhobz clutrhobzhc hc lctrl sç. Yohcths y gbclrhols phrh oh klsphrhsbthdbôc1 Lo pr`eolgh phrhsbthrb` nh sbk` y ls uch prl`duphdbôc d`csthctl d`csthctl lc gudnhs kl ohs duoturhs klo pohclth. Klskl lgp`s bcglg`rbhols lxbstlc pohcths hutôdt`chs d`c ohs qul ohs plrs`chs nhc rlhobzhk rlhobzhk` ` lstl p` kl trhthgblct`s trhthgblct`s kl obgpblzh. Lc `ddbklctl y lc `tr`s phçsls klshrr`oohk`s c` sl lstè d`csbklrhck` su lxbstlcdbh, nhdbâck`c`s gès vuoclrheols. Lxbstlc gbclrhols gbclrhols y susthcdbhs s usthcdbhs guy ñols h oh n`rh kl d`gehr ohs bcflddb`cls phrhsbthrbhs y p`klg`s nhdlr trhthgblct`s vhrbhk`s1 8. Oh elct`cbth qul hrrhstrh klpôsbt`s klpôsbt`s.. 5. Lo dhreôc vlmltho qul hes`rel t`xbchs. 4. Oh hrdbooh d`gñc ` oh lrrh kl kbht`glhs, s`c homuc`s kl o`s gès bgp`rthctls lalgpo`s. 865 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 Lc lstl dhs` uobzhrlg`s oh lrrh kl kbht`glhs d`g` uc bgp`rthctl hmlctl klstrudv` phrhsbthrb` bctlscho. Lc dhs` kl gholsthr, høhkbrlg`s phsoohs kl dhreôc hdv` phrh klsbct`xbdhr. [ K Lo trhthgblct` d`c lrrh kl kbht`glhs klel d`ccuhrsl kurhctl o`s 8> kçhs. Ohs kbht`glhs s`c uchs pohcths ucbdlouohrls qul vbvçhc lc o`s `dâhc`s nhdl gboo`cls kl hø`s. F`rghehc uc plqulø` dhphrhzôc d`gpulst` p`r o`s gbsg`s sbobdht`s qul lxtrhçhc klo hmuh. Duhck` ohs kbht`glhs g`rçhc, lstl gbdr`sdôpbd` rlduerbgblct` qulkheh klp`sbthk` lc lo f`ck` kl o`s `dâhc`s. H trhvâs kl ohs lrhs sl fulr`c hduguohck` lc klpôsbt`s, f`rghck` lspls`rls kl gbols kl gltr`s. D`c lo trhcsdurs` klo lgp`, o`s `dâhc`s rltr`dlkblr`c y lst`s klpôsbt`s fulr`c lvlctuhoglctl dueblrt`s, f`sbobzèck`sl o`s dhphrhz`cls y d`gprbgbâck`sl, khck` oumhr h uc p`ov` kl zh kl r`dh, oohghk` lrrh kl kbht`glhs. Oh lrrh kl kbht`glhs ls uc ghtlrbho bclrtl, c` tôxbd`, qul d`clcl uch slrbl kl gbclrhols thols d`g` ghcmhcls`, ghmclsb`, nblrr`, thcb`, dhodb` y sbobdht`s lctrl `tr`s. Klebkhglctl g`obk`s, o`s lsqulolt`s kl ohs kbht`glhs sl d`cvblrtlc lc gbdr`sdôpbdhs hmuahs kl sbobdb` o`shs y khøbchs phrh phrèsbt`s, n`cm`s, dèckbkh, mushc`s y hglehs. Lsths hmuahs s`c bc`flcsbvhs phrh o`s nughc`s y `tr`s hcbghols kl shcmrl dhoblctl. Tl pulkl t`ghr kl ghclrh d`ccuhkh p`r slr bc`duh, plr` o` gla`r (d`g` lc t`k`) ls nhdlr thgebâc lgp`s kl klsdhcs`. [`ghr uch dudnhrhkbth kl p`strl k`s vldls ho kçh kurhctl o`s 8> kçhs kl trhthgblct`. Hdlbtl kl Ubdbc` Lo hdlbtl kl rbdbc` sl lxtrhl kl oh slgbooh kl uch pohcth guy phrldbkh h oh nbmulrh, oohghkh ‟Nbmulrh klo kbheo`‗ (Ubdbcus d`ggucbs). Tus slgboohs d`clclc lctrl uc <9->9% kl hdlbtl, qul h su vlz lclc uc hot` d`ctlcbk` lc èdbk` rbdbc`oâbd`, d`c uchs lxdlolctls pr`pblkhkls ohxhctls y purmhctls. \ch vlz bcbdbhk` lo trhthgblct` d`c glkbdhglct`s y pohcths pulkl pr`kudbrsl phrèobsbs lspèsdh lc homuc`s phrèsbt`s, y sb nhy gudn`s auct`s pulkl f`rghrsl uc ‟cuk`‗ kl o`gerbdls y pr`kudbr `estruddbôc bctlscho. bctlscho. Kl hnç oh bgp`rthcdbh klo us` klo hdlbtl kl rbdbc`. Ls cldlshrb` t`ghro` lc hyuchs p`r oh ghøhch auct` d`c zug`, tâ ` oldnl. 864 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Hkuot`s1 kl 8< h 49 go (k`s dudnhrhkhs s`plrhs) lc hyuchs. Tl lsplrh uch n`rh phrh lo klshyuc` y oh glkbdhdbôc. Tb c` nhy uch eulch t`olrhcdbh sl pulklc uobzhr thgebâc purmhctls gbclrhols d`g` ohs shols kl Lps`g ` vlmlthols d`g` ohs n`ahs kl Tlc. Cbø`s1 8 dudnhrhkbth phrh o`s cbø`s gès plqulø`s y 5 dudnhrhkbths phrh o`s o`s cbø`s gès mrhckls. @trh `pdbôc ls t`ghr hdlbtl kl rbdbc` lc dèpsuohs. Cllg (Hz ) ) Lo ère`o kl cllg ls uc` kl o`s mrhckls phtrbg`cb`s chturhols kl oh nughcbkhk y sl ush d`g` rlglkb` phrh durhdb`cls glkbdbchols klskl lgp`s gbolchrb`s. Lxbstlc rlflrlcdbhs lc lsdrbturhs sècsdrbths y lo hyurvlkh o` lgpolh klskl âp`dhs rlg`ths. Ohs pr`pblkhkls durhvhs y glkbdbchols klo cllg nhc sbk` hpr`vldnhkhs klskl lgp`s rlg`t`s lc oh glkbdbch nbckñ. [`khvçh lc oh hdtuhobkhk o`s nbckñls qul nhebthc lc z`chs rurhols sl rllrlc ho ère`o klo cllg d`g` ‟Oh Fhrghdbh klo Yuleo`‗, p`r su dhphdbkhk phrh hobvbhr gudnhs lcflrglkhkls, lcflrglkhk ls, y hdtuhoglctl lstè hvhohk` p`r ohs hut`rbkhkls kl oh Bckbh phrh su lgpol` lc prlphrhk`s glkbdbchols. Lo cllg ls uc` kl o`s purbdhk`rls y klsbct`xbdhk`rls d`c ghy`r p`tlcdbho qul lxbstlc. Lo cllg nh sbk` ushk` phrh d`gehr t`kh f`rgh kl phrèsbt`s klo dulrp`, thct` phrèsbt`s lxtlrc`s, d`g` bctlrc`s. 8. Nlrvbr uc tâ kl ohs n`ahs, 8 e`osh kl tâ (; n`ahs) lc 8 obtr` kl hmuh gbcut`sh(sb cldlshrb` 5. kurhctl [`ghr oh<bcfusbôc o` ls ohrm` klo kçh. hmrlmhr stlvbh p`r slr hghrm`). 4. O` uobzhrlg`s kurhctl 2 ô 89 kçhs lo prbglr gls. D`g` hotlrchvh h oh bcfusbôc, gudnh mlctl prllrl uobzhr dèpsuohs, yh qul lo she`r kl oh pohcth ls guy hghrm`. Lphz`tl (Dnlc`p`kbug hger`sb`bkls) Lo lphz`tl, ` thgebâc d`gñcglctl phbd`, duy` c`gerl dblcd` ls Dnlc`p`kbug hger`sb`bkls, ls uch pohcth qul drldl kl ghclrh sbovlstrl lc phçsls kl Hgârbdh klo sur y dlctr`. Lsth pohcth p`sll pr`pblkhkls durhvhs, qul sbrvlc phrh lo hobvb` kl g`olshs kbmlsvhs, dôobd`s kl mhsls y phrh oh lxpuosbôc kl phrèsbt`s y mushc`s bctlschols. Lc Gâxbd` sl uobzh phrh gudnhs s`phs 86; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 dhslrhs. Lo hsdhrbk`o ls oh susthcdbh prlslctl prlslctl lc lo phbd` qul hdtñh pr`kudblck` uc lfldt` phrhobzhctl y chrdôd` s`erl o`s phrèsbt`s bctlschols, nhdblck` qul sl klsprlckhc klo bctlsc` ho qul lsthehc fulrtlglctl fulrtlglctl hknlrbk`s. K`sbs1 Lc f`rgh kl kld`ddbôc, nbrvblck` 8 ` 5 dudnhrhkhs kl n`ahs phrh 8 obtr` kl hmuh kurhctl 89 gbcut`s. Klahr rlp`shr y elelr 8 thzh lc hyuchs kurhctl 4 kçhs slmubk`s. @[UHT YOHC[HT GLKBDBCHOLT Lxbstlc `trhs pohcths lfldvhs qul p`klg`s uobzhr phrh ohs klsphrhsbthdbôc. Tb klspuâs kl trls glsls kl trhthgblct` sbmul plrsbslck` lo pr`eolgh, p`klg`s dhgebhr lo p` kl pohcth ` v`ovlr h rlplr sb homuch c`s rlsuotô lfldvhh lc o`s glsls hctlrb`rls. Y`klg`s ushrohs lc f`rgh kl prlphrhk`s d`c lfldv vhrbhs pohcths h oh vlz, ` kl f`rgh bckbvbkuho. Tl d`csbklrhc hklgès ohs sbmublctls s bmublctls pohcths, pohcths, lc f`rgh kl lxtrhdt` hod`nôobd`, hdlbtl ` bcfusbôc, lctrl `trhs1 dèsdhrh kl c`mho, hrtlgbsh hccuh, rhçz kl dèohg`, rukh, Hrtlgbsbh hesbctnbug (halca`), herôthc` ghdn` mlcdbhch, nblreheulch, kçdthg` eohcd`, thchdlt`, gbolcrhgh, kblctl kl olôc, dohv`, d`rtlzh kl rhçz kl mrhchk`,, nloldn` ghdn`, nblreheulch, dhoâckuoh, nbpârbd`, do`r`oh. mrhchk` HOBGLC[@T YULVLC[BV@T YULVLC[BV@T KBL[H KBL[H Lxbstlc mrup`s kl hobglct`s qul klelg`s lvbthr d`glr sb c`s lcd`ctrhg`s hctl uc pr`eolgh phrhsbthrb` d`g` s`c1 o`s pr`kudt`s oèdtl`s lc mlclrho, o`s hzñdhrls rlchk`s (shdhr`sh, ahrhel kl ghçz kl frudt`sh), ohs nhrbchs (s`erl t`k` ohs rlchkhs) y o`s hobglct`s lxdlsbvhglctl lxdlsbvhglctl kuodls lc mlclrho. Y`r lo d`ctrhrb` thgebâc tlclg`s uch eulch obsth kl hobglct`s y pohcths qul fhv`rldlc lo eulc lquboberb` bctlrc` klo `rmhcbsg` d`cvbrâck`sl lc culstr`s hobhk`s. D`c uch eulch pr`kuddbôc kl èdbk` lst`ghdho, uc eulc cbvlo kl ehdtlrbhs shoukheols y uch d`rrldth pr`kuddbôc kl ebobs, c` ls p`sbeol qul s`erlvbvh cbcmñc phrèsbt` p`r lgp` pr`o`cmhk`. O`s mushc`s cldlsbthc uc lct`rc` èdbk` pr`v`dhk` p`r oh klsd`gp`sbdbôc kl o`s hzñdhrls y oh putrlfhddbôc mlclrhkh p`r oh bcmlsôc kl d`gbkhs pr`dlshkhs ` p`d` shoukheols. Ls guy bgp`rthctl d`glr vlmlthols druk`s y aum`s kl fruth qul c`s pr`p`rdb`clc lczbghs y lolglct`s cldlshrb`s phrh culstrh pr`pbh klflcsh. 86< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh L / j ( f ) Gudnhs plrs`chs lclc eha`s cbvlols kl èdbk` lst`ghdho, o` duho ls oh dhush kl gudn`s kl sus pr`eolghs bctlschols, bctlschols, yh qul lo `rmhcbsg` c` ls dhphz kl klflcklrsl hctl o`s bctrus`s. Lo dnudrut ` aum` kl d`o/shulrjrhut ls uc` kl o`s lsguohctls gès p`klr`s`s phrh qul su dulrp` pr`kuzdh èdbk`. Lo us` kl flrglcthk`s c` phstlurbzhk`s (jâr kl hmuh, shosh kl s`ah, gbs`, ltd) ls guy rld`glckheol p`r su lsguohdbôc kl oh elcâdh `rh ehdtlrbhch, lcdhrmhkh kl mlclrhr lo d`ctr`o s`erl o`s nuâsplkls phrhsbthrb`s. [`ghr uchs duhcths dudnhrhkbths kl aum` kl d`o hctls kl d`glr, ` gla`r hñc, aum` kl d`o flrglcthkh kl dnudrut, nhrè ghrhvboohs ghrhvboohs phrh gla`rhr oh kbmlsôc. Ha Lo ha` d`gbk` d`c o`s rlmuohrbkhk lo pr`tlddbôc lstôghm` yd`csthctl. lo bctlsc` lc uc hgeblctl oltho phrh phrèsbt`s,d`cvblrtl `frldblck` Lo ha` ls lo rlglkb` dhslr` p`r lxdlolcdbh phrh lobgbchr chturhoglctl o`s phrèsbt`s bctlschols. Nh sbk` uobzhk` p`r ohs duoturhs dnbch, mrblmh, r`ghch, bckbh y eheboôcbdh. C` nh plrkbk` vbmlcdbh yh qul sbmul sblck` lgpolhk` p`r pr`flsb`chols pr`flsb` chols kl oh glkbdbch g`klrch. Tl ush thct` lo ha` frlsd` d`g` su hdlbtl. 8. Lo trhthgblct` gès sbgpol ls d`glr trls kblctls kl ha` t`khs ohs ghøhchs ` t`ghr uch dudnhrhkbth kl hdlbtl kl ha`. 5. [hgebâc pulkl ushrsl glzdohck` ha` trbturhk` lc uc p`d` kl hmuh frçh y eleblck` oh glzdoh bcglkbhthglctl. 4. @trh rldlth d`csbstl lcohd`rthr y ghdlrhr duhtr` kblctls kl ha` lc oldnl kurhctl t`kh c`dnllcy tr`z`s t`ghr lo oçqubk` rlsuothctl lc hyuchs, ho kçh sbmublctl. Tl trhth kl uc trhthgblct` fulrtl y pulkl pr`v`dhr vôgbt`s. T ez Ohs slgboohs kl dhohehzh d`clclc uch susthcdbh oohghkh ‟pbplrhdbch‗. Tu hddbôc sl fuckhglcth lc oh phrèobsbs kl o`s phrèsbt`s, o` qul plrgbtl qul lo `rmhcbsg` n`splkhk`r pulkh lobgbchr ho `rmhcbsg` bcvhs`r. Oh pbplrhdbch oh p`klg`s lcd`ctrhr kl ghclrh d`glrdbho lc fôrguohs kl glkbdhglct`s kl fhrghdbhs ` kl f`rgh chturho, d`g` nlg`s kbdn`, ohs plpbths kl ohklo dhohehzh. Lstl gât`k` trhkbdb`cho kl klsphrhsbthdbôc nh sbk`lc ushk` horlklk`r guck` klskl qul lo n`gerl lcl glg`rbh. Lxbstlc vhrbhs fôrguohs trhkbdb`chols lfldvhs y âsth ls uch kl loohs. 866 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 8. Tl uobzh uch thzh kl slgboohs kl dhohehzh (horlklk`r kl >9 slgboohs) plohkhs y trbturhkhs. 5. Tl glzdohc d`c lo hmuh kl uc d`d` y k`s dudnhrhkhs kl gblo. 4. Tl t`ghc lc lo plrb`k` kl trls n`rhs, lc hyuchs. ;. Ho chobzhr, chobzhr, sl t`gh lo hdlbtl kl rbdbc` d`c lo c kl lvhduhr lvhduhr rèpbkhglctl o`s phrèsbt`s. Hkvlrtlcdbh1 C` d`gh slgboohs kl dhohehzh d`c D`gehctrbc® p`rqul pulkl dhcdlohr lo lfldt lfldt`. `. Yhphyh y slgboohs kl phphyh Oh phphçch ls oh lczbgh kbmlsvh qul d`clcl oh phphyh y qul ls dhphz kl klsd`gp`clr oh dhph lxtlrb`r kl uc phrèsbt` hkuot`. Lo aum` oldn`s` kl oh phphyhh vlrkl ls uc hmlctl kl mrhc hodhcdl phrh klstrubr ohs hsdèrbkls. phphy 8. K`sbs phrh hkuot`s1 Tl prlphrh d`c 8 dudnhrhkh kl aum` frlsd` kl uch phphyh vlrkl, vlrkl, oh gbsgh dhckhk kl gblo y 4 ô ; dudnhrhkhs s`plrhs kl hmuh dhoblctl. 5. H ohs k`s n`rhs sl klel hkgbcbstrhr 8 k`sbs kl hdlbtl kl rbdbc`, glzdohkh glzdohkh d`c oldnl ebh. 4. Lstl trhthgblct` sl klel rlplr p`r 5 kçhs lc dhs` kl cldlsbkh cldlsbkhk. k. ;. Cbø`s kl lctrl = h 89 hø`s1 klel slr hkgbcbstrhkh oh gbthk kl oh k`sbs y, phrh o`s cbø`s glc`rls kl 4 hø`s, 8 dudnhrhkh rhsh kl oh glzdoh ls sudblctl. Ohs slgboohs kl oh phphyh s`c thgebâc ñols phrh lstl pr`pôsbt`. T`c rbdhs lc phphçch y dhrbdçc. 8. Tl prlphrh uch glzdoh glzdoh kl slgboohs frlsdhs frlsdhs trbturhkhs. 5. Y`r dhkh dudnhrhkh dudnhrhkh kl slgboohs slgboohs sl høhkl uch kl gblo. 4. Oh k`sbs ls kl uch dudnhrbooh kl p`strl kbhrbh p`r oh ghøhch lc uc lstôghm` vhdç` ` hctls kl hd`sthrsl kurhctl 89 kçhs, sl klsdhcshc < y sl vulovl h rlplr lo dbdo`, hsç nhsth trls vldls. ;. Ls rld`glckheol rld`glckheol lo us` kl homñc purmhctl. purmhctl. 86= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Ae Lo alcmberl c` sôo` hyukh h d`gehr o`s phrèsbt`s bctlschols sbc` qul thgebâc rlkudl ohs cèuslhs y pulkl hyukhr h dhoghr o`s clrvb`s. Lo alcmberl frlsd` nh klg`strhk` tlclr mrhc âxbt` lc oh klstruddbôc kl o`s mushc`s bctlschols kurhctl dblct`s kl hø`s. Oh f`rgh gès d`gñc kl d`csugbr lo alcmberl ls drukh ` p`r bcfusbôc. [hgebâc sl pulkl lsp`ov`rlhr lxtrhdt` kl alcmberl lc uch vhrblkhk kl hobglct`s. Yr`pôol` Lo Yr`pôol` sl ush ho glc`s klskl nhdl 4.999 hø`s. Rh o` d`c`dçhc o`s lmbpdb`s y o`s r`ghc`s. Tu us` sl nh lxtlckbk` nhsth oh hdtuhobkhk. H o`s mrblm`s ols klelg`s su c`gerl1 ‟pr`‗, sbmcbdh ‟klflcsh‗ ` ‟hklfhv`r kl‗, y `‟p`obs‗, qul qublrl kldbr ‟dbukhk‗. Lst` sl trhkudl d`g` ‟klflcsh oh dbukhk‗ ‟klflcs`r kl oh dbukhk‗. Mrhdbhs h oh hddbôc hcebôdh klo pr`pôol`, qul pr`tlml kl oh hdvbkhk kl vbrus y ehdtlrbhs, oh d`oglch ls uc` kl o`s oumhrls gès lstârbols d`c`dbk`s lc oh chturholzh. Lc gñopols lstukb`s dblcd`s sl nh d`gpr`ehk` oh hdvbkhk hcphrhsbthrbh klo pr`pôol`, p`r o` qul sl rld`gblckh phrh lo trhthgblct` kl1 Mbhrkbh, hglehs y èsdhrbs. [hgebâc phrh bcflddb`cls bctlschols dhushkhs p`r ehdtlrbhs mrhg-p`sbvh mrhg-p`sbvhs. s. 8. [`ghr 4 m`ths kl cturh p`r jbo` kl pls` ` 4 dèpsuohs · n`rh hctls kl dhkh d`gbkh. 5. Yhrh lo trhthgblct` kl phrèsbt`s, t`ghr pr`pôol` kurhctl = kçhs lc hyuchs kboubk` lc hmuh ` aum` kl fruths p`r = kçhs kl klsdhcs`. klsdhcs`. 4. Tl rld`gblckhc dbdo`s dbdo`s kl = kçhs kl trhthgblct` trhthgblct` p`r kçhs kl klsdhcs`. klsdhcs`. ;. Ulplr kl 4 h < vldls phrh hslmurhr uch t`tho lobgbchdbôc kl o`s phrèsbt`s ` ehdtlrbhs. Ls guy bgp`rthctl rlplr lo trhthgblct` phrh d`rthr o`s dbdo`s rlpr`kudv`s. Ho rlplr lo trhthgblct` uc gçcbg` kl 4 vldls, sl hslmurh oh lfldvh lobgbchdbôc kl o`s phrèsbt`s. Lc lo glrdhk` nhy pr`pôol` lc cturh ho 49% pr`pôol` lc dèpsuohs. Ohs vlcthahs klo pr`pôol` s`c su hoth lfldvbkhk, oh yeulch t`olrhcdbh y c` tlclr lfldt`s slduckhrb`s. 86> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 M Oh d`rtlzh kl oh mrhchkh d`clcl uc hodho`bkl d`c`dbk` d`g` pucbdbch, lo duho ls hothglctl tôxbd` phrh ohs o`gerbdls. Tl uobzh p`r kld`ddbôc kl oh d`rtlzh kl oh rhçz, klo tr`cd` ` klo frut`. Oh d`rtlzh kl oh rhçz ls prlflrbeol, p`rqul d`clcl uch ghy`r dhckhk klo hodho`bkl qul oh d`rtlzh klo tr`cd`. Lstl hodho`bkl ls hothglctl tôxbd` phrh ohs s`obthrbhs. Nhdlr uch kld`ddbôc frçh kl oh d`rtlzh d`rtlzh,, prlflrbeolglctl prlflrbeolglctl frlsdh. Oh kld`ddbôc sl uobzh prlflrbeolglctl phrh lxplolr s`obthrbhs. 8. Hkuot`s1 kl 29 h 8>9 go — 4 vldls, d`c o`s bctlrvho`s kl uch n`rh lctrl dhkh thzh. Tl klel t`ghr uc purmhctl klspuâs klo ñog` vhs`. 5. Cbø`s1 kl 59 h 69 go. Q [rhthgblct` dhslr` d`c zhchn`rbh phrh lobgbchr o`s phrèsbt`s bctlschols lc cbø`s. @tr` rlglkb` dhslr` guy ldhz ls oh zhchn`rbh yh qul sus d`gp`clctls quçgbd`s hthdhc h o`s phrèsbt`s c` plrgblck` su klshrr`oo` y ls uc` kl o`s trhthgblct`s chturhols gès lfldv`s phrh o`s cbø`s, h o`s qul sl ols klel sugbcbstrhr uch thzh plquløh kl zhchn`rbh rhoohkh p`r ohs ghøhchs, nhsth qul sl s`oudb`cl lo pr`eolgh. D`ckbglct`s Ohs pohcths d`ckbglcthrbhs s`c thgebâc uc eulc hrgh ldhz h tlclr lc dulcth lc culstrh d`dbch kbhrbh. Klskl lgp`s bcglg`rbhols oh nughcbkhk ohs nh uobzhk` phrh d`ctr`ohr ohs phrhsbt`sbs. Ohs gès bctlrlshctls p`r sus lfldt`s s`c1 oh dñrdugh, oh pbgblcth, lo lstrhmôc, lo t`gboo`, oh dhcloh, lo pbglctôc y oh dhylch y lo dohv`. Yr`t`d`o` X. Xulghkurhs Lo pr`t`d`o` X sbrvl phrh t`k` p` kl qulghkurhs. Nhy vhrbhs f`rghs kl trhthrohs1 8. Tb sl trhth kl uch qulghkurh mrhvl ls prlflrbeol hpobdhr DKT 9,4% (4999 ppg) kbrldthglctl lc f`rgh kl sprhy, lcdbgh kl oh qulghkurh. Nhebtuhoglctl sl sblctl hobvb` chkh gès hpobdhr. 5. Tl pulk pulkll thge thgebâc bâc lgphphr uch slrvboolth lc DKT y klahroh hpobdhkh s`erl oh z`ch. Oh vlcthah kl nhdlro` hsç, ls qul sl pulkl rlplr vhrbhs 862 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh vldls y c` ls cldlshrb` ohvhro` p`stlrb`rglctl yh qul c` pr`kudl qulghkurh quçgbdh p`r pN. 4. @trh f`rgh kl hpobdhdbôc gès hcmuh lc qulghkurhs ls r`dbèck`o` y klaèck`o` kurhctl uc` ` k`s gbcut`s. C` sl klel hpobdhr kurhctl gès lgp` lo do`rbt` sbc hdvhr. Nhdbâck`o` kl lsth ghclrh, lo do`rbt` sl hdvh d`c lo èdbk` oèdd` pr`kudbk` kleha` kl oh pblo, ls kldbr ohs pr`pbhs pñstuohs kl oh qulghkurh. Y`stlrb`rglctl, Y`st lrb`rglctl, ls lslcdbho obgpbhr eha` lo hmuh lo do`rbt` do`rbt` rlsthctl. Oh lxplrblcdbh gl nh lcsløhk` qul o` gès ldhz ls d`gebchr hge`s, ls kldbr, uobzhr oh prbglrh vlz do`rbt` sbc hdvhr, klaèck`o` kurhctl 8 nhsth 5 gbcut`s, y ohvhro` klspuâs d`c heuckhctl hmuh sbc cbcmñc p` kl `trh susthcdbh. Lo k`o`r klshphrldl bcglkbhthglctl. bcglkbhthglctl. Duhck`, klspuâs kl uc`s gbcut`s vulovl h hphrldlr lo k`o`r, sl uobzh DKT 9,4% lc sprhy, r`dbhck` oh z`ch hfldthkh. Tl pulkl rlplr vhrbhs vldls dhkh 49 gbcut`s, slmñc lo mrhk` kl ohs nlrbkhs. Y`r rlmoh mlclrho, 8 h 4 trhthgblct`s sudblctls phrh lobgbchr lo k`o`r kl f`rgh d`gpolth hdlolrhck` oh durhdbôcs`c sbc klahr ghrdhs kl dbdhtrbdls. Yr`t`d`o` U. Uldtho d`c plrbooh ◀ Lo pr`t`d`o` U, ` pr`t`d`o` Uldtho d`c plrbooh, lstè klschk` lspldbhoglctl phrh lo us` rldtho, uobzhck` uch plrbooh kl m`gh kl uc`s 899-8<9 gbobobtr`s hpr`xbghkhglctl. 8. Tl hdvhc 6 m`ths kl DK lc uc vhs` vhs` kl hmuh. 5. Tl høhklc 8<9 go kl hmuh h tlgplrhturh d`rp`rho. 4. Hes`rvlr oh s`oudbôc d`c oh plrbooh. ;. Tl hpobdh vhslobch ` drlgh ouerbdhctl lc oh pucth kl oh plrbooh. <. Y`stlrb`rglctl, sl bctr`kudl lc lo rldt` vhdbhck` oh plrbooh p`r d`gpolt` y sl rllcl lo oçqubk` kurhctl 4 gbcut`s hctls kl lvhduhr. Lstl pr`t`d`o` ls ôpg` phrh surhs hchols, nlg`rr`bkls, y s`erl t`k` lc dècdlr kl prôsthth k`ckl sl hpobdh klspuâs kl dhkh klfld klfldhdbôc. hdbôc. Ls uc pr`t`d`o` sbgpol y sbc lfldt`s slduckhrb`s, plr` guy ldhz. C1 • Lobgbch oh t`xbdbkhk y klsnhdl ohs hknlrlcdbhs. • Tb sl lobgbch t`xbdbkhk sl rlkudl oh fhmh. 8=9 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 • H trhvâs klo d`o`c tlclg`s hddls` rèpbk` ho nçmhk` nçmhk ` h trhvâs kl oh vlch vlc h p`rth. • Lo dbrdubt` shcmuçcl` phsh p`r lo nçmhk` dhkh 4 gbcut`s. • Oh ghy`rçh kl ohs lcflrglkhkls lclc l clc su `rbmlc lc lo sbstlgh mèstrbd` bctlscho. • Lc oh hcmÿlkhk yh o` sheçhc. Nhsth o`s hø`s hø`s 69 lrh d`gñc lsth prèddh. • Lc oh hdtuhobkhk sl nh plrkbk`. Tl vl d`g` hom` sudb`. • Gât`k` eèsbd` kl durhdbôc nbckñ. • Lo bctlsc` mruls` ls oh ‟do`hdh‗ kl culstr` `rmhcbsg`. Klp`sbdbôc kbhrbh, ls shouk bctlsch bctlscho.o. • Lxukhdbôc h trhvâs klo d`o`c ho t`rrlctl shcmuçcl`. Oh t`xbdbkhk oolmh h ôrmhc`s prbcdbphols. • Lcflrglkhkls drôcbdhs y hut`bcgucls. • Ls bgprlsdbckbeol lc tlrhpbhs kl klt`xbdhdbôc. [`xbdbkhk ehdtlrbhs hs`dbhkhs h phrèsbt`s gulrt`s. Yr`t`d`o` T. Tlcsbeol (d`c k`sbs guy p`d` h p`d`) Lo pr`t`d`o` T, ` pr`t`d`o` Tlcsbeol, lstè plcshk` phrh ohs plrs`chs qul c` s`c dhphdls kl bcmlrbr DK kl oh gbsgh ghclrh qul oh ghy`rçh. Nhy dhs`s rlp`rthk`s s`erl t`k` lc oh f`rgh klo hcmu` GGT (hdvhk` d`c èdbk` dçtrbd`), k`ckl pulkl nhelr lfldt`s slduckhrb`s kl kbhrrlh ` vôgbt` lc homuc`s dhs`s. Lxbstlc homuchs plrs`chs qul phrldlc slcsbeols h uch s`oh m`th. Klebk` h gb trheha` d`c cbø`s qul sufrlc husg`, nl p`kbk` hvlrbmuhr qul duhck` nhy phrèsbt`s mrhckls lc lo dulrp`, lst`s pulklc c` slr lobgbchk`s p`r lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Ylr` pr`eheolglctl gudn`s phrèsbt`s sç s`c hfldthk`s p`r lo kbôxbk` y hdhehc v`odhck` t`k`s sus klsldn`s kl m`opl h oh plrs`ch bcfldthkh. T`c lsths t`xbchs qul dhushc gholsthr, yh qul ohs plrs`chs qul gl lsdrbelc y qul nhc nldn` uch klsphrhsbthdbôc slmñc gb pr`t`d`o`, p`stlrb`rglctl s`c dhphdls kl t`ghr k`sbs hoths kl DK sbc cbcmñc lfldt` slduckhrb`. • Tl uobzh DKT ho slr gès oolvhklr oolvhklr` ` y p`rqul p`rqul lcl glc`s lfldt`s lfldt`s slduckhrb`s. 8. Yhrh lstl pr`t`d`o`, høhkh 8 go kl DKT phrh <99 go kl hmuh rlphrk`s kurhctl t`k` lo kçh. 5. Lc lo slmuck` kçh, uobdl 5 go kl DKT lc 8 obtr` kl hmuh. Tb c` nhy d`ctrhlgp`s (y c`rghoglctl c` o`s nhy) sl pulkl bcdrlglcthr h phrr kl hquç oh k`sbs dhkh kçh, h 8 go gès p`r obtr`, nhsth oolmhr h o`s 89 go kl DKT p`r obtr` kl hmuh. 8=8 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Yhrh lst`, ls bgp`rthctl shelr qul sl suel phuohchglctl oh k`sbs, sbc f`rzhr lc cbcmñc g`glct` lo dulrp`. Tb nhy gudn` dhcshcdb`, c` sl bcdrlglcth oh k`sbs nhsth qul klshphrlzdh. Rh qul dhkh dulrp` ls kbflrlctl, nhy qul hkhpthro` h ohs cldlsbkhkls kl dhkh plrs`ch. \ch vlz sl oolmh h o`s 89 go p`r kçh, sl ghclcl nhsth oh prôxbgh ouch oolch, duhck` sl lgpblzh lo pr`t`d`o` kl klsphrhsbthdbôc. Yhrh qul tlcmh âxbt`, nhy qul slmubro` kl oh ghclrh gès lxhdt lxhdthh p`sbeol. Kurhctl oh klsphrhsbthdbôc, sl sbmul d`c oh gbsgh k`sbs kl DKT nhsth oh d`gpolth klshphrbdbôc kl o`s sçct`ghs, lo lgp` qul slh cldlshrb`. Lo DKT c` sl hduguoh lc lo dulrp`, p`r slr uc `xbkhc `xbkhctl. tl. Yr`t`d`o` [. [. [lrgbcho (lcflrglkhkls guy g uy mrhvls) Lo pr`t`d`o` [, ` pr`t`d`o` [lrgbcho, lstè nldn` phrh dhs`s tlrgbchols, hehck`chk`s p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`ch d`cvlcdb`cho.o. Lstl pr`t`d`o` lstè ehshk` lc oh lxplrblcdbh kl uch ghkrl qul rlduplrô h su nbah g`rbeuckh kl 56 hø`s. Duhck` bcbdbô lo trhthgblct` sôo` tlcçh ;; jbo`s klebk` h o`s lfldt`s kl oh qubgb`tlrhpbh. Lrh uc dhs` klshnudbhk`, plr` huc hsç sl rlduplrô p`r d`gpolt`. • Kçh 81 5 go kl DKT dhkh n`rh, 6 h > vldls ho kçh. • Kçh 51 4 go kl DKT dhkh 5 n`rhs. • Kçh 41 ; go kl DKT dhkh 5 n`rhs. • Kçh ;1 < go kl DKT dhkh 5 n`rhs. • Kçh <1 6 go kl DKT dhkh 5 n`rhs. • Kçh 61 = go kl DKT dhkh 5 n`rhs. Kurhctl slghchs gès, = go 4dhkh 5 n`rhs 6->n`rh, vldlsnhsth ho kçh.rlgbsbôc t`tho. Klspuâs,<kurhctl kurhct l ; slghchs, go kl DKT p`r C1 Lc dhs` kl c` kbsp`clr kl DKT sl pulkl rlhobzhr thgebâc d`c DK, lc rlohdbôc kl uch m`th kl DK x 8 go kl DKT. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul, lc k`sbs hoths, lo DK pulkl `dhsb`chr kbhrrlh. Yr`t`d`o` \. \rmlcdbh (hctbmu` pr`t`d`o` 6+6 kl Dohrh) Lo pr`t`d`o` \, ` pr`t`d`o` \rmlcdbh, thgebâc oohghk` kl "Dn`qul" ` "6+6 kl Dohrh" y vhrbhctls, ls uobzhk` phrh trhthgblct`s puctuhols, c` mrhvls plr` sç kl urmlcdbh, y lc trhthgblct`s bcflddb`s`s d`g` p`r lalgpo` oh bcflddbôc kl 8=5 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 `rbch (dbss), bcflddbôc kl rbø`cls, bcflddbôc klo `çk`, mhstr`lctlrbs, pr`dls`s flerbols, bct`xbdhdbôc p`r hobglct`s, rlplcc`s vôgbt`s ` kbhrrlh, gholsthr slvlr` sbc dhush hphrlctl. Tl pulkl hpobdhr s`erl t`k` thgebâc lc dhs`s kl k`o`r slvlr`, k`ckl sl pulkh `eslrvhr lo huglct` rèpbk` y rlplcc` kl oh bcflddbôc kl uch lcflrglkhk klsd`c`dbkh. 8. Tl t`ghc 6 m`ths kl DK DK hdvhk` lc 599 go kl hmuh y klspuâs kl k`s n`rhs sl rlpbtl, d`c `trhs 6 m`ths gès. 5. Y`stl Y`stlrb`rglctl, rb`rglctl, sl t`ghc 4 m`ths dhkh dhkh k`s n`rhs nhsth nhsth d`gpolthr uchs > h 89 t`ghs ho kçh. Klel nhelr ho cho klo kçh uch dohrh gla`rçh, lc dhs` d`ctrhrb` d`csuotl ho gâkbd` kl urmlcdbhs. • [hgebâc nhy qul hkhpthrsl h ohs t`olrhcdbhs lc dhkh dhs`, y sl pulkl t`ghr d`g` lqubvholcdbh p`r dhkh m`th kl DK 7 8 go kl DKT, DKT , kbsulot` lc oh gbsgh dhckhk kl hmuh. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul slmñc oh lcflrglkhk sl pulkl hkhpthr oh k`sbs rlkudbâck`oh h ; x ;, p`r lalgpo` (lc oumhr kl ohs 6 m`ths sløhohkhs gès hrrbeh). Lo DKT mlclrho mlclrhoglctl glctl lcl gla`r t`olrhcdbh, s`erl t`k` duhck` sl trhth kl pr`eolghs lst`ghdhols. Yr`t`d`o` V. V. Vhmbcho (utbobzhck` brrbmhdbôc) Lo pr`t`d`o` V, ` pr`t`d`o` Vhmbcho, lstè bklhk` phrh s`oudb`chr pr`eolghs mlcbthols flglcbc`s d`g` oh dhckbkbhsbs, gbd`sbs, pôobp`s, dècdlr duloo` ñtlr` ` gb`ghs, plr` thgebâc ls guy ño phrh oh dbss, o`s pr`eolghs rlchols, o`s pr`eolghs kl trhcsgbsbôc slxuho, yh qul lvbth d`cthmb`s, l bcdous` pulkl oolmhr h slrvbr d`g` hcd`cdlpv`, kurhctl uch n`rh klspuâs kl oh rlohdbôc slxuho, klebk` h qul bcg`vbobzh h o`s lsplrght`z`bkls. Tb oh gualr o` rlhobzh uchs 85-5; n`rhs hctls klo d`bt` sbc lgehrm`, sl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr qul bcdrlglcth oh flrobkhk klebk` h oh lobgbchdbôc kl phtômlc`s vhmbchols, yh slhc n`cm`s, ehdtlrbhs, vbrus ` kl p` pr`t`z`hrb` phrhsbthrb`. Tl pulkl uobzhr uc brrbmhk`r vhmbcho kl fhrghdbh ` thgebâc uch sbgpol e`tlooh kl hmuh kl poèsd` trhcsphrlctl. 8=4 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Nhy 5 f`rghs kl nhdlr lo ohvhk` vhmbcho1 8. B 1 hdvhr 89 m`ths kl DK ` 89 go kl DKT phrh 8 obtr` kl hmuh tlgpohkh. 5. E (· )1 sl uobzhc uchs 6 m`ths hdvhkhs kl DK ` nhsth 6 go kl DKT ho 9,4%, p`r <99 go kl hmuh qul klel lsthr h tlgplrhturh d`rp`rho. • Lsthck` slcthkh lc oh ehølrh ehølrh pulkl bctr`kudbro` dôg`khglct dôg`khglctll lc oh vhmbch hprlthck` oh e`tlooh, drlhck` uc vhbvâc kl o`s oçqubk`s. • Tl bctlcth bctlcth hmuhcthr uc`s 4 h < gbcut`s y lc dhs` dhs` cldlshrb` sl rlpbtl uchs n`rhs gès thrkl. Lc homuc`s dhs`s sl klel rlplr kurhctl uc lgp` gès pr`o`cmhk`. Ls hd`cslaheol qul lo lo duloo` duloo` kl kl oh e`tlooh slh gès ohrm` phrh qul sl sl pulkh bctr`kudbr lc oh vhmbch. Hklgès kl d`cslmubro` kl ghclrh fèdbo lc duhoqublr phrtl klo guck`, oh prbcdbpho vlcthah kl oh e`tlooh kl hmuh ls qul p`stlrb`rglctl sl pulkl `eslrvhr lc lo d`ctlcbk` sb nue` dhckbkbhsbs (ua` eohcquldbc`) ` trbd`g`chs (ua` hghrboolct` vlrk`s`), qul ls uc phrèsbt`. ◀ [rhthr qul c` lctrl hbrl. ◀ Hmuh `sg`zhkh ` lstlrbobz lstlrbobzhkh. hkh. ◀ Hmuh h tlgplrhtu tlgplrhturh rh d`rp`rho. Yrldhudb`cls guy bgp`rthctls1 C@ ULHOBQHU [UH[HGBLC[@ nhyhc khk` h ouz kl f`rgh gès ` glc`s rldblctl. Klelc trhcsdurrbr ho glc`s ;9 . Yr`t`d`o` ]. ]. ]hu! ]hu! (Hklgès (Hk lgès sl pulkl ushr phrh...) • D`ctrh lo gho `o`r d`rp`rho1 DKT ls uc kls`k`rhctl ghmcçd`, yh qul lobgbch oh dhush klo `o`r d`rp`rho fulrtl, hthdhck` y klstruylck` su rhçz1 ohs ehdtlrbhs y o`s n`cm`s. DKT ls guy ldhz d`ctrh lo `o`r kl ohs hxbohs, `o`r kl o`s pbls, ltd y sl pulkl hpobdhr, sbc kboubr, kl ghclrh kbrldth uobzhck` DKT ho 9,4% s`erl oh pblo sbc cldlsbkhk kl lobgbchro` p`stlrb`rglctl. Yhrh hpobdhro` kl ghclrh fèdbo, sl pulkl uobzhr uch 8=; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 e`tlooh kl sprhy. DKT ls gudn` glc`s d`rr`sbv` h ohs vèovuohs klo puovlrbzhk`r puovlrbzhk `r qul DK hdvhk`. • Yhrh dlpboohr o`s kblctls1 Tl pulkl uobzhr DKT p`rqul klebk` h su pN clutr`, c` hfldth lo lsghotl kl ghclrh gh clrh clmhvh h ohrm` pohz`, d`g` slrçh lo dhs` d`c lo DK. Ho gbsg` lgp` sl d`csbmulc kblctls gès eohcd`s, bchdvhdbôc kl ohs dhrbls, y sl prlvblclc cuglr`s`s pr`eolghs eudhols. • Ehø`s kl pbls1 \obzh 89-49 m`ths hdvhkhs lc uch phohcmhch kl 5 h < obtr`s kl hmuh (d`ctrh, n`cm`s, ñodlrhs, nlrbkhs, ltd …) lc uc oumhr eblc vlcohk` kurhctl 8<-59 gbcut`s. • D 1 Yrlphrhc Yrlphrhck` k` uch e`tlooh kl hmuh kl <99 go d`c <9 m`ths hdvhkhs y klaèck`o` heblrt` lc oh pulrth klo frbm`rçd`. Klebk` ho frç`, lsdhph guy p`d` mhs, plr` lstl mhs ls sudblctl phrh d`cslrvhr kurhctl slghchs ` bcdous` glsls t`kh oh vlrkurh y fruth lc lo frbm`rçd`, sbc lcg`nldlr. Lstl lfldt` lstè sblck` uobzhk` lc oh bckustrbh d`g` ‟htgôsflrh d`cslrvhk`rh‗ d`cslrvhk`rh‗ y sl lgpolh phrh1 8. dhrcls. 5. Lgehohal Tl pulkl kl uobzhr thgebâc lo s`erhctl s`erhctl kl oh pr`kuddbôc dhslrh kl DKT (oh glzdoh), d`c lstl pr`pôsbt`. 4. Tl rld`gblckh muhrkhr o`s quls`s lc uc rldbpblctl dlrrhk` hphrtl, yh qul p`r su chturholzh oolvhc n`cm`s y ehdtlrbhs. ;. Ho gbsg` lgp`, c`s sbrvl phrh klsbcfldthr lo trhp` kl d`dbch ldnhck` uc p`d` kl oçqubk` kl oh e`tlooh kl DK hdvhk` klo frbm`rçd` (oh glzdoh) ho gbsg`. • D`ctrh vlrrumhs1 Nhy tlsg`cb`s qul rlp`rthc qul gudnhs vlrrumhs sl dhlc s`ohs p`r oh bcmlsôc klo DK ` DKT, plr` lc gudn`s dhs`s c` ls hsç. \ch s`oh hpobdhdbôc ls sudblctl. Tl pulkl klsbcfldthr oh z`ch d`c DKT. \ch kl ohs rldlths phrh qubthr vlrrumhs ls1 8. Uhsphr oh suplrdbl kurh d`c uch uch obah ch, sbc nhdlr shcmrl. 5. Tl pulkl p`clr horlklk`r kl oh vlrrumh uc p`d` kl vhslobch d`g` pr`tldt`r. 4. Tl hpobdh d`c dubkhk` uch m`th kl do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@5) sbc hdvhr, sôo` lc oh pucth kl oh vlrrumh, sbc ohvhro` p`stlrb`rglctl. Kl lsth ghclrh sl d`csbmul qul klebk` ho pN hodhobc` klo do`rbt` d o`rbt` sl qulgl oh vlrrumh obelrhck` èdbk` qul h su vlz hdvh kbôxbk` kl do`r` dhphz kl oolmhr nhsth ohs rhçdls y lobgbchr oh vlrrumh lc pr`fuckbkhk. ;. Ho kçh sbmublctl sl lcr`aldl lcr`aldl oh vlrrumh vlrrumh y p`d` klspuâs, sl dhl. <. H o`s 8; kçhs sl klel nhelr dlrrhk`, y ho gls oh pblo nh rlduplrhk` rlduplrhk` su c`rghobkhk nhebtuhoglctl sbc klahr dbdhtrbdls. d bdhtrbdls. 8=< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Yr`t`d`o` ^. klt`^ (klt`xbfbdhr glt glthols hols plshk`s) Lo pr`t`d`o` ^, ` pr`t`d`o` klt`^, sl uobzh lc dhs`s kl bct`xbdhdbôc p`r glthols yh qul ls uc mrhvl pr`eolgh, klebk` h sl uobzhc glthols lc1 ohs hghomhghs, plsdbkhs, fucmbdbkhs, pbcturhs, kbs`ovlctls, ctls, ohdhs, tlabk`s, utlcsbob`s k`gâsd`s, d`sgâd`s y `tr`s gudn`s pr`kudt`s y hklgès lstèc lc lo hbrl qul rlspbrhg`s, h d`csldulcdbh kl oh bcdbclrhdbôc kl klsldn`s bckustrbhols, lo nug` kl ohs fèerbdhs y o`s d`dnls, ltd. Lobgbchck` glthols ◀ O`s glthols plshk`s s`c susthcdbhs susthcdbhs vlrkhklrhgl vlrkhklrhglctl ctl plobmr`shs plobmr`shs p`rqul p`rqul c` sl trhth kl qul culstr` `rmhcbsg` c` ohs pulkh glthe`obzhr, sbc` qul hklgès lcl kbduothk phrh lobgbchrohs, y kl hnç qul sl hduguolc lc o`s rbø`cls, o`s clrvb`s, oh mrhsh, o`s nuls`s, oh pblo, o`s puog`cls, oh r`bkls ` lo dlrler`, d`c t`k` o` qul ls` d`coolvh. Tl bcbdbh d`c lo pr`t`d`o` E kurhctl 4 slghchs y, p`stlrb`rglctl, sl rlhobzh uch slghch kl klsdhcs`. Tlmñc lo mrhk` kl bct`xbdhdbôc, sl rlpbtl lo trhthgblct` kurhctl uc`s 4 glsls lc t`tho. O`s vho`rls klelrçhc nhelr ehahk` lct`cdls. Yhrh `etlclr vho`rls vho`rls flnhdblctls ls gla`r nhdlr uch pruleh pr uleh lc shcmrl hctls qul oh pruleh klo dheloo`, hucqul nhy qul rld`c`dlr qul lsth ñogh, ls gudn` gès ld`côgbdh. Klplckblck` klo p` kl gltho, ls cldlshrb` oolmhr h uch k`sbs gès ` glc`s hoth, kurhctl gès ` glc`s lgp`. Lo glrdurb`, p`r lalgpo`, lcl uc p`tlcdbho kl `xbkhdbôc kl 9,>5 lc d`ckbdb`cls lstèckhr. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, ho tlclr uc p`tlcdbho gès hot`, sç ls dhphz kl `xbkhro` `xbkhro`,, phrh p`stlrb`rglctl slr lxpuoshk` p`r oh vçh urbchrbh. Yr`t`d`o` R. R. bcRlddbôc kl DKB Lo pr`t`d`o` R, ` pr`t`d`o` bcRlddbôc, lcl vhrbhs f`rghs kl uobzhr lo DKB (kbôxbk` kl do`r` bcyldtheol). • L . . 8=6 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 \ch f`rgh bc`duh y fèdbo kl nhdlro`, ls oh bcylddbôc kl pñstuohs suedutèclhs. Lo pr`t`d`o` d`csbstl lc bcyldthr pñstuohs suedutèclhs kl < h 89 go kl DKB d`c oh d`cdlctrhdbôc kl <9 ppg (9,99<%) dlrdh kl oh z`ch hfldthkh. Tl pulkl rlplr, rlplr, sb ls cldlshrb` cldlshrb`.. Dôg` nhdlr oh d`cdlctrhdbôc hklduhkh, lstè klsdrbt` lc lo dhpçtuo` < kl lstl ober`. Oh `trh f`rgh, ls lc lo trhthgblct` kl lcflrglkhkls mrhvls d`g` p`r lalgpo` oh Lsdolr`sbs Ohtlrho Hgb`trôdh (LOH), ` lcflrglkhk kl O`u Mlnrbm, qul ls uch lcflrglkhk klmlclrhvh kl p` clur`gusduohr, qul pr`v`dh uch phrèobsbs gusduohr pr`mrlsbvh, kl pr`côsd` g`rtho lc oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho. Y v ( K. K. M. Oô)1 8. Ls cldlshrb` d`glczhr d`c oh vçh `rho, `rho, ho glc`s kurhctl uc gls, phrh phrh klsbct`xbdhr. 5. Oh k`sbs kl DKB c` klel lxdlklr lxdlklr lo <% klo sulr` h hpobdhr. 4. Oh hpobdhdbôc klel klel slr bcdrlglcthkh bcdrlglcthkh phuohchglctl, phuohchglctl, d`glczhck` d`glczhck` p`r < go lc 899 go kl sulr`, dhkh < kçhs, 4 slrbls. ;. Bcdrlglct Bcdrlglcthr hr h 85,< go lc 5<9 go kl sulr`, p`r 4 slrbls, dhkh = kçhs. <. Huglcthr h 5< go kl DKB, DKB, lc <99 go kl sulr`, sulr`, dhkh = kçhs. 6. Lo lgp` kl bcfusbôc klel klel slr o` gès ohrm` p`sbeol, p`sbeol, phrh bcdrlglcthr bcdrlglcthr lo plrb`k` kl lxp`sbdbôc. =. D`cvblcl dhkh dhkh 6 kçhs t`ghr Hdlodbstlçch Hdlodbstlçch y Tbobghrbch. >. Lo dhoberl kl oh vçh h ushr ushr ls lo 55. Xublr` hmrhkldlr hquç ho dbruahc` Kr. M. Olôc su bcvlsmhdbôc s`erl lo us` phrlctlrho klo DKB y o`s kht`s fhdbobthk`s kl o`s rlsuothk`s. Âo gbsg` sufrl Lsdolr`sbs Ohtlrho Hgb`trôdh (LOH) y, d`g` rlsuothk` klo trhthgblct`, oh lcflrglkhk sl lsthebobzô y âo yh c` rlqublrl rlspbrhdbôc hrdbho c`dturch. Hdtuhoglctl, yh ls dhphz kl olvhcthrsl kl oh sbooh kl rulkhs y plrghcldlr kl pbl s`o`. Yr`t`d`o` Q. Qhpplr, (Eb`tr`nc®, mlclrhk`r kl frldulcdbhs) Lo pr`t`d`o` Q, ` pr`t`d`o` Qhpplr, ls uc mlclrhk`r kl frldulcdbhs kl bgpuos`s rldthcmuohrls phrh us` tlrhpâud`. Lo d`cdlpt` ls qul ls dhphz kl bgpuos`s rldthcmuohrls phrh us` tlrhpâud`. Lo d`cdlpt` ls qul ls dhphz kl drlhr uch rls`chcdbh d`c o`s phtômlc`s, qul h su vlz sl s`erllxdbthc y gulrlc kl ghclrh sloldvh, sbc qul lo dulrp` slh s lh hfldthk`. 8== [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh O`s prbglr`s Qhpplr lc lo glrdhk` qul sl p`kçhc d`gprhr d`glrdbhoglctl d`glrdbhoglctl lrhc1 lo Qhpplr kl Nuokh Dohrj y lo kl U`elrt Eldj. Nhc phshk` o`s hø`s y n`y lc kçh nhy gudn`s hphrht`s gès hvhczhk`s lc lo glrdhk`, h t`k` p` kl prldb`. Nl pr`ehk` gudnçsbg`s y tlcm` qul kldbr qul oh kbflrl kbflrlcdbh cdbh ls ehsthctl mrhckl lc o` qul h dulsôc kl dhobkhk y ldhdbh sl rllrl. Hsç qul h vldls, ls gla`r mhsthrsl uc p`d` gès. R` uobz` lo ñog` Qhpplr gès hvhczhk` oohghk` Eb`tr`nc®, kl oh pèmbch www.glkhohe.d`g www.glkhohe.d`g,, lc t`k`s gbs vbhals, y nh sbk` gb lo d`gphølr` shovèck`gl lc t`k`s o`s g`glct`s duhck` `tr`s rlglkb`s fhoohr`c. Tu ldhdbh ls bgprlsb`chctl y kl g`glct`, phrh gç, rlprlslcth qubzès lo gès pr`flsb`cho klo glrdhk`, h uc prldb` rhz`cheol, qul c` sbmcbdh qul c` nhyh `trhs ghrdhs qul fucdb`clc kl ghrhvbooh. Gl musth lo Eb`tr`nc® p`r su sbgpobdbkhk kl us`, yh qul lcl gès kl 84< pr`mrhghs phrh t`k` p` kl lcflrglkhkls, yh slhc vçrbdhs, ehdtlrbhchs, fucmbdbkhs ` kl phrèsbt`s. [blcl bcdoubk`s thct` o`s pr`mrhghs kl Nuokh Dohrj y kl U`elrt Eldj, d`g` gudn`s `tr`s pr`mrhghs phrh lcflrglkhkls tlrgbchols d`ctrh lo dècdlr, y `tr`s. Lc uc futur`, gl v`y h klkbdhr h oh bcvlsmhdbôc gès pr`fuckh kl lstl p` kl trhthgblct`s, yh qul ols vl` gudn` futur` p`r su ldhdbh y fhoth kl lfldt`s slduckhrb`s c`dbv`s. Yblcs` qul t`k` o` qul s`g`s y slcg`s, ho cho sl rlsugl lc frldulcdbhs loldtr`ghmcâdhs. Yr`t`d`o` kl nbp`do`rbt` kl dhodb` (GGT5) Lstl pr`t`d`o` c` gl d`cvlcdl plrs`choglctl y c` lstè klctr` kl oh obsth kl oh H nhsth oh Q, klebk` h qul nh dhushk` lfldt`s slduckhrb`s lc gudnh mlctl y hucqul lc tl`rçh lo d`cdlpt` ls d`rrldt` y nh fucdb`chk` lc gudn`s dhs`s, lc oh prèddh, lc lo lstôghm` c` tlclg`s hmuh, sbc` uch glzdoh quçgbdh kl èdbk` do`rnçkrbd`, plpsbch y `trhs suesthcdbhs y lsth ls oh rhzôc p`r oh qul nhy dhs`s rlp`rthk`s kl bcd`gphebobkhk dhushck` k`o`r kl lstôghm` y gholsthr. Hucqul oh bklh prbcdbpho ls eulch, fhoth bcvlsmhdbôc dblcdh, phrh lsthr slmur`s kl c` dhushr khø`. Kl t`khs ghclrhs thgebâc nhy d`csthcdbh kl qul nh hyukhk` h gudnh mlctl y p`r o` thct` o` lxp`cm` hquç. Ohs dèpsuohs kl nbp`do`rbt` kl dhodb` rlprlslcthc uch bklh kl Abg Nugeol, qul o` oohgh GGT5 phrh lcflrglkhkls mrhvls, thols d`g` lo dècdlr ` lo VBN/ TBKH. Lo nbp`do`rbt` kl dhodb` lstè s`ohglctl plrgbk` phrh oh purbdhdbôc klo hmuh y duhck` lctrh lc d`cthdt` d`c âsth, sl pr`kudl lo èdbk` nbp`do`r`s`. [hgebâc ls pr`kudbk` p`r lo gbsg` dulrp`, phrh clutrhobzhr duhoqublr p` kl phtômlc`s. Y`r o` mlclrho, o`s lcflrg`s mrhvls c` pr`kudlc sudblctl èdbk` nbp`do`r`s`. 8=> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 Yr`t`d`o` Abg Nugeol 8. Yrbglr`, Abg Nugeol Nugeol rld`gblckh elelr elelr k`s vhs`s kl hmuh. 5. H d`ccuhdbôc, d`ccuhdbôc, bcmlrbr uch dèpsuoh dèpsuoh kl GGT5. 4. Klspuâs elelr `tr` `tr` mrhc vhs` vhs` kl hmuh. Tlmñc âo, hklgès kl oh bcmlsth `rho c`rgho kl GGT, sl pulklc t`ghr nhsth 5 dèpsuohs kl GGT5 p`r kçh. Ho d`gblcz`, sl pulkl rlkudbr oh k`sbs kl GGT5 herblck` oh dèpsuoh y lobgbchck` uch phrtl kl su d`ctlcbk`. Lc cbcmñc dhs` nhy qul kbs`ovlr y uobzhr lo p`ov` sulot`, yh qul pulkl dhushr mrhvls qulghkurhs. Klebk` h qul lo do`r` d o`r` ls uc klsbcfldthctl klsbcfldthctl ucbvlrsho y h qul lo èdbk` nbp`do`r`s` (NDo@) lo d`gp`clctl hdv` klo do`r`, NDo@, lc d`cdlctrhdb`cls trhehahls guy eblc d`g` klsbcfldthctl kl lo suplrdbls y d`g` susthcdbhlolvhkhs, kbrbmbkh h oh bchdvhdbôc kl klsldn`s n`spbthohrb`s. Ls uc klsbcfldthctl kl hot` cbvlo. Lo nbp`do`rbt` kl dhodb`, ho kbs`ovlrsl lc lo hmuh y lctrhr lc d`cthdt` d`c o`s oçqubk`s klo lstôghm`, pr`eheolglctl pr`eheolglctl sl trhcsf`rgl lc NDo@ qul, ho bmuho qul lo do`rbt` kl s`kb`, ls uc quçgbd` qul sl uobzh lc oh p`thebobzhdbôc klo hmuh. Ls uch susthcdbh quçgbdh qul culstr` pr`pb` dulrp` y culstr` sbstlgh bcgucl uobzhc. Oh ‟gblo`plr`xbkhsh‗ ‟gblo`plr`xbkhsh‗ ls oh lcdhrmhkh lc lo `rmhcbsg` kl oh fherbdhdbôc klo èdbk` nbp`do`r`s`. Oh bklh eèsbdh kl lstl d`cdlpt` ls qul, lc lo dhs` kl slr kldbthrb`s kl lstl quçgbd`, c` tlckrlg`s lo sudblctl NDo@, bgprlsdbckbeol phrh lobgbchr phtômlc`s c`dbv`s. NDo@ rlhddb`ch d`c NDo phrh f`rghr mhs kl do`r`1 ND@ + ND j N5@ + D5 Lo nbp`do`rbt` kl dhodb` rlhddb`ch d`c hg`cçhd`. Lo èdbk` nbp`do`r`s` rlhddb`ch olcthglctl d`c lo HKC y HUC, hsç d`g` t`k`s o`s cudolôk`s bc vbtr`. Lo èdbk` nbp`do`r`s` y lo rhkbdho klo nbkrôxbo` s`c dbt`tôxbd`s, dbt`tôxbd` s, p`r o` qul s`c uobzhk`s p`r o`s clutrôo`s phrh ghthr ohs ehdtlrbhs y `tr`s phtômlc`s. 8=2 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Ulsuglc y pr`t`d`o` kl ghctlcbgblct` 8. Nhy qul rld`rkhr qul lo DK sl uobzh sblgprl glzdohk` lc uch pr`p`rdbôc kl 818 d`c lo hdvhk`r, qul lstè lc uch e`tlooh hphrtl. 5. DKT ls kl d`o`r hghrboo` y ls lo mhs dhpturhk` dhpturhk` lc hmuh klo DK. DK. Tu pN ls clutr`, y c` lcl rlhddbôc slduckhrbh d`c lo èdbk` klo lstôghm`. 4. Oh dhckhk h t`ghr d`rrldth ls oh qul c` pr`kudl bcdrlglct` kl gholsthr, cèuslhs ` kbhrrlh. Tb lst` `durrl, sl kbsgbcuyl oh k`sbs, plr` sl sbmul t`ghck`. ;. Ulplkhs k`sbs plquløhs s`c gès lfldvhs qul k`sbs ghy`rls p`r oh ghøhch y p`r oh c`dnl. <. Lvbtl t`khs ohs f`rghs kl vbthgbch D, ` hc`xbkhctls hrdbhols hrdbho ls kurhctl k`s n`rhs hctls y klspuâs kl oh t`gh kl DK ` DKT p`rqul rlkudl lfldvbkhk. 6. Ghctlcmh uc uc pr`mrhgh kl kl cutrbdbôc hklduhk` phrh pr`tlmlr pr`tlmlr su sbstlgh sbstlgh bcguc`oômbd`. =. Rh c` ushg`s èdbk` dçtrbd` (GGT doèsbd`). Gudnh mlctl c` d`gprlckl oh bgp`rthcdbh kl t`ghr k`sbs kl ghctlcbgblct` kl DK ` DKT t`k`s o`s kçhs, ` ho glc`s 5 kçhs p`r slghch, sbc lgehrm`, lst` hyukh h ghctlclr culstr` sbstlgh obcfèd` obgpb`, bcdrlglcthck` `xçmlc` dlouohr, o` qul h su vlz plrgbtl uch hodhobcbzhdbôc klo dulrp`. D`g` d`c t`k`, c` nhy qul phshrsl kl oh k`sbs, plr` gudn` p`d` nhdl gudn`. Ls bgp`rthctl khrsl dulcth kl qul nhc hphrldbk` mrhc dhckhk kl lcflrglkhkls culvhs, lc o`s ñog`s <9 hø`s. Lo âe`oh, lo vbrus dnbjucmucyh, lo sbkh, oh nlphs D, oh mrbpl hvbhr, oh lerl p`rdbch, oh lcflrglkhk kl Oygl, oh lcflrglkhkhdtuhoglctl. kl G`rmloo`cs y uc sbckl cñglr` kl lcflrglkhkls, qul c`s lcfrlcthg`s Gboo`cls plrs`chs lstèc sufrblck`hyohs gurblck` p`r dhush kl lcflrglkhkls, gudnhs kl loohs drlhkhs ` pr`v`dhkhs p`r lo n`gerl y lo sbstlgh bckustrbho kl hobglcthdbôc. Hklgès, nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth oh d`cthgbchdbôc lc culstr`s dulrp`s h dhush kl susthcdbhs tôxbdhs y glthols plshk`s. [`k` lst` drlh uc lct`rc` ôpg` phrh bcflsthrc`s kl uch mrhc dhckhk kl phrèsbt`s qul dbrduckhc d brduckhc p`r culstrh vbkh d`kbhch, prlslctls bcdous` lc culstr`s hobglct`s. Nhy qul tlclr dohr` qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls guy ldhz, plr` lvbklctlglctl lvbklctlglctl c` ls uc ‟durh t`k`‗, hucqul pulkl lobgbchr ehdtlrbhs, d`g` oh Ysluk`g`ch hlrumbc`sh lc uch pohdh Yltrb. Ylr` c` phsh o` gbsg` lc lo dulrp`, k`ckl ls kbdbo kl d`ctr`ohroh. [hgebâc nhy `tr`s, d`g` p`r lalgpo` o`s gbdr`hlrôo`s, d`g` ohs lspbr`qulths, qul dhushc e`rrlob`sbs y qul pulklc lsthr lc tlabk`s pr`fuck`s, y p`r lo g`glct` ls guy kbdbo kl lobgbchr, bcdous` d`c kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Ylr` nhy gudn`s dhs`s kl âxbt`, frlctl h `tr`s p`d`s qul c` o` tuvblr`c. 8>9 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 4 Kl bmuho ghclrh lo DK y lo DKT, hucqul lobgbchc mrhc phrtl kl ohs t`xbchs, c` pulklc ghthr ohs o`gerbdls kl mrhc thghø`, thghø`, p`r o` qul sl klelc hd`gphøhr kl uc pr`t`d`o` kl klsphrhsbthdbôc, y gès lc dhs`s kl plrs`chs qul ghcbpuolc hcbghols y plrs`chs d`c ghsd`ths qul c` sl nhyhc klsphrhsbthk` klsphrhsbthk` nhdl gès kl uc hø`. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul oh gulrtl kl o`s phrèsbt`s pulkl mlclrhr h su vlz gès t`xbchs phrh lo `rmhcbsg`, d`g` p`r lalgpo` lo hg`cb` obelrhk` p`r lst`s phrèsbt`s, p`r o` qul oh plrs`ch pulkl tlclr drbsbs durhvhs d`c rlhddb`cls hkvlrshs d`g`1 ghrl`s, vôgbt`s, kbhrrlh y gholsthr mlclrho, qul s`c uc bckbdhv` kl su prlslcdbh. Hsç puls, duhoqublr plrs`ch h qublc lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` nhyh fucdb`chk` guy eblc kurhctl o`s prbglr`s glsls plr` oulm` nhyh vulot` h rldhlr, klel prbglr` nhdlr uch klsphrhsbthdbôc, y oulm` nhdlr `tr` trhthgblct` trhthgblct` d`c kbôxbk` kl do`r`, qul plrgbth oh klsbct`xbdhdbôc cho kl o`s klsldn`s phrhsbthrb`s lc lo dulrp`. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ghth h o`s phtômlc`s y `xbkh o`s glthols plshk`s, nhdblck` p`sbeol su lobgbchdbôc kl culstr` dulrp`, y h su vlz, klstruyl oh ghy`r phrtl kl o`s vlclc`s. Lo pr`t`d`o` kl ghctlcbgblct` ls lo pr`t`d`o` H. Lstl fèdbo y sbgpol pr`t`d`o` phrh ghctlclr lo sbstlgh bcgucl trhehah ho gèxbg` kl ldblcdbh, yh qul rlkudl oh hphrbdbôc kl duhoqublr mrbpl ` rlsfrbhk` y hyukh h prlvlcbr lo dècdlr y `trhs gudnhs lcflrglkhkls g`rthols dhushkhs p`r klghsbhkh hdbklz lc lo dulrp` y fhoth kl `xçmlc` dlouohr. \ch plquløh dhckhk kl DK/DKT t`ghkh frldulctlglctl phrldl prlvlcbr oh f`rghdbôc y lo klshrr`oo` klo dècdlr. Tb t`ghck` lstl pr`t`d`o` prlvlcv` ` kl ghctlcbgblct`, sl ol ghcblsthc sçct`ghs kl homuch `trh lcflrglkhk, klel dhgebhr ho pr`t`d`o` hklduhk`, nhsth qul o`s sçct`ghs nhyhc klshphrldbk`. Homuchs plrs`chs c` s`c d`csldulctls cb kbsdbpobchkhs lc lo us` klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, sblck` gudnhs vldls lsth oh dhush vlrkhklrh kl qul lo trhthgblct` c` fucdb`cl, ` c` kâ o`s rlsuothk`s lsplrhk`s. Oh lxplrblcdbh nh klg`strhk` qul ohs plrs`chs kbsdbpobchkhs d`c ohs t`ghs, nhc tlcbk` mrhckls âxbt`s klg`strheols phrh d`gehr ohs lcflrglkhkls drôcbdhs, mrhvls ` bcdous` tlrgbchols, pukblck` d`crghr oh frhsl1 ‟Bcdurheol lrh hylr‗. * * * 8>8 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh 8>5 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g D ; Lc lstl dhpçtuo` sl klsdrbelc ohs lcflrglkhkls lc su ghy`rçh d`csbklrhkhs d`csbklrhkhs bcdurheols ` kl kbdbo durhdbôc, d`c o`s trhthgblct`s y o`s rlsuothk`s `etlcbk`s hvhohk`s lc dhkh dhs` d`c uc tlsg`cb` rlho. Hucqul dblcdhglctl uc tlsg`cb` c` lcl vhobklz, phrh t`k`s hquloo`s qul sufrlc oh lcflrglkhk TÇ VHOL. Hesdls` Hdcâ Hh eudho Holrmbh Hoznlbglr Hgbmkhobs Hcsblkhk Hplckbdbs Hrtlrb`lsdolr`sbs / Htlr`gh Htlr`ght`sbs t`sbs Dècdlr ôsl` Dècdlr kl `vhrb` Dècdlr phcdrlèd` Dècdlr kl prôsthth Dècdlr kl puogôc Dècdlr rlcho Dècdlr r`bkl` Dècdlr utlrbc` Dècdlr kl vlabmh Hrtrbs rlught`bkl Hrtr`sbs Hsgh Husg` Er`cqubs Erudlo`sbs Eursbs Dèoduo` rlcho Dhovbdbl Dècdlr d`o`rrldtho Dècdlr kl lsôfhm` Dhckbkbhsbs (vhmbcho) Dhsph Dnhmhs Dnbjucmucyh Dbèdh Dbrr`sbs nlpèdh Dbss ` bcflddbôc urbchrbh D`olstlr`o D`obs uodlr`sh D`caucvbs Klglcdbh Dècdlr mèstrbd` (lstôghm`) Dècdlr kl nçmhk` Dècdlr kl olcmuh Dècdlr kl ghgh Klcmul Klprlsbôc Klrghs htôpbdh Kbheltls 8>4 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Kbhrrlh Kbsfucdbôc lrâdo Kbvlrduobs K`o`r kl dhelzh Âe`oh Lcflrglkhk hut`bcgucl Lcflrglkhk kl Dr`nc Lcflrglkhk kl Oygl Lcflrglkhk puog`chr `estrudvh drôcbdh Lrupdb`cls lc oh pblo Lsdnlrbdnbh d`ob (L. d`ob) Lsdolr`sbs ohtlrho hgb`trôdh (LOH) Lsdolr`sbs gñopol Lsqubz`frlcbh Lst`ghs vlsbduohr Fber`gbhombh Oupus (lrbtlght`s`) Ghohrbh Glcbcmbs Glthols plshk`s Gbmrhøh (d`csuothr K`o`r kl dhelzh) G`c`cudol`sbs bcflddb`sh Clfrbs Clug`cçh @stl`gblobs (d`csuothr Tthpnyo`d`ddus) @stl`p`r`sbs @s Ylrb`k`cs (d`csuothr Mbcmbvbs) Ybdhkurhs Ybl kl htolth Yr`sths Ys`rbhsbs Yuog`cçh (d`csuothr Clug`cçh) Fber`sbs quçsdh Fblerl f`bklh Fçstuoh hcho Frhdturh Mhstrbs Mhstr`lctlrbs Mbcmbvbs (d`csuothr Ylrb`k`cs) Mo`glruo`clfrbs p`slstrlpt`dôdbd p`slstrlpt`dôdbdhh M`c`rrlh M`th Mrbpl (Bculczh) Xulghkurh Xubstls Ulua` mhstr`ls`fèmbd` Ulsfrbhk` d`gñc Ubcbs hoârmbdh Thrd`bk`sbs THUG (d`csuothr Tthpnyo`d`ddus) Thrch Tçckr`gl kl Taömrlc Tbcusbs Tthpnyo`d`ddus Nlphs Nlrbkh Nlrcbh Nlrpls Nbplrtlcsbôc hrtlrbho Nbp`r`bkbsg` N`cm`s - Gbd`sbs Bcflddb`cls Bcsudblcdbh dhrkçhdh d`cmlsvh Bcsudblcdbh rlcho Bsqulgbh rlplrfusbôc rlcho [rhcst`rc` Ebp`ohr (y Hcsblkhk Mlclrhobzhkh) [r`ge`sbs vlc`sh [uelrduo`sbs [ug`r Ñodlrhs pâpdhs (Nlobd`ehdtlr pyo`rb) Ñodlrhs vhsduohrls \vlçs Vhmbc`sbs ehdtlrbhch Vhrbdlss (bcsudblcdbh vlc`sh drôcbdh) Vhrbdl Vlrrumhs vçrbdhs VBN/TBKH Olbsnghcbhsbs dutèclh Oludlgbh Obqulc lsdolr`s` htrôd` Obcf`gh Vbrus kl Lpstlbc Ehrr (dbt`glmho`vbrus) Vbobm` Vbrus klo phpbo`gh nughc` (VYN) 8>; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Hesdls` \c hesdls` sl prlslcth duhck` uch bcflddbôc pr`v`dh oh hduguohdbôc kl pus lc oh pblo kl duhoqublr phrtl klo dulrp`. Yulkl slr lxtlrc` y vbsbeol s`erl oh pblo, ` eblc bctlrc`. Duhck` sl lcdulctrh supurhk` supurhk` sl klc`gbch hp`stlgh. Tl pulkl prlslcthr klspuâs kl uch bcflddbôc ehdtlrbhch, uch nlrbkh, f`rñcduo`s ` uch f`obduobs. Tç1 • • • • Fblerl ` lsdho`frç` (lc homuc`s dhs`s). Nbcdnhzôc o`dho horlklk`r klo puct` hfldthk`. Lckurldbgblct` Lckurldbgblct ` klo tlabk` kl oh pblo. Olsbôc dutèclh qul pulkl slr uch ñodlrh ñodlrh heblrth ` dlrrhkh, ` uc côkuo` côkuo` heuothk`. • Lcr`aldbgblct Lcr`aldbgblct`, `, slcsbebobkhk y dho`r dho`r lc oh z`ch. • Thobkh kl oçqubk`. [1 Hcôcbg` Lstl ls uc tlsg`cb` plrs`cho. Nhdl uc`s glsls, sl gl dhyô uch pohdhdbôc kl uc kblctl. Lstuvl dhsb uch slghch sbc br ho klcsth, s`ohglctl ohvèck`gl eblc o`s kblctls vhrbhs vldls ho kçh, plr` gl g`olstheh gudn` dhkh vlz qul d`gçh. Duhck` p`r c fub ho klcsth, lo k`o`r yh lrh bcs`p`rtheol, y gl oolmheh nhsth oh ghckçeuoh. Gb klcsth gl rlg`vbô o` qul qulkheh kl pohdhdbôc, y gl hrrlmoô lo kblctl d`c rlsbch (phsth), qul ful o` qul ol plkç, phrh lobgbchr t`k` p` kl gltho kl oh e`dh. Lc c, âo gl kba` qul v`ovblrh lc uch slghch phrh vlr d`g` slmuçh lo pr`mrls`. H oh sbmublctl slghch rlmrlsl, yh qul gl lstheh qulahck` kl qul t`khvçh gl k`oçh duhck` d`gçh, lspldbhoglctl dhrcls (erh), qul sl gl qulkheh lctrl oh lcdçh klo kblctl y gl g`olstheh. Âo gl kba` qul c` nheçh gès `pdbôc qul nhdlrgl uc »r``t dhcho» (lck`k`cdbh), ` qubthr lo kblctl. Ol kb uch gbrhkh y ol kbal1 »Khgl uch slghch, y tl dulct`». Oolmuâ h gb dhsh y lgpldâ h nhdlr o` sbmublctl1 8. Lc uc vhs` plqulø` kl drbstho, drbstho, pusl 8go (8dd) kl DKT. Lst` lqubvhol lqubvhol h hpr`xbghkhglctl ; m`ths kl GGT hdvhkhs d`c ; m`ths kl èdbk` dçtrbd`. hpr`xbghkhglctl Tb c` lcl GGT kbsp`cbeol, pulkl ushr DK kl oh ghclrh bckbdhkh. 8>< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh 5. Lsplrhr uc 8 gbcut` gçcbg` sb ush GGT hctls kl hmrlmhr hmrlmhr 8.< `czhs kl hmuh klsohkh. Tb ush DKT, c` ls cldlshrb` lsplrhr. lsplrhr. 4. Høhkbr 59 m`ths kl KGT@ ho =9%. Tb s`ohglctl s`ohglctl lcl ho 22% pur` (c` kboubk`), lct`cdls nhy qul kboubro` h =9% KGT@ høhkblck` 49% kl hmuh klsohkh. ;. Y`cmh lsth s`oudbô s`oudbôc c lc oh e`dh, y ghctâcmhoh s`erl lo kblctl hfldthk` p`r uc 8 gbcut` h gbcut` y glkb`. Oulm` e`tl oh s`oudbôc kl oh e`dh. C` ls cldlshrb` lcauhmhrsl. Tb qublrl, sl pulkl lcauhmhr d`c uc p`d` kl hmuh klsohkh. Ulpbth lst` p`r o` glc`s 4 vldls ho kçh, lspldbhoglctl klspuâs kl dhkh d`gbkh y oulm` kl ohvhrsl eblc o`s kblctls y lc gès ` glc`s ;> n`rhs klelrçh c`thr qul lo k`o`r yh nh klshphrldbk`. Ls p`sbeol qul lo gbsg` kçh sblcth oh gla`rh. Klplckl klo mrhk` kl oh bcflddbôc, klel d`ccuhr lst` p`r o` glc`s < kçhs hkbdb`chols. Tb lc homñc g`glct` ol vulovl h g`olsthr, d`ccñl p`r 5 ô 4 kçhs gès. Lc c, tlcm` gb kblctl shc` y shov`, sbc cldlsbkhk kl nhelrgl tlcbk` qul shdhr lo kblctl ` nhdlrgl uc ‟r``t dhcho‗ (lck`k`cdbh). Fulctl1 np1//tlrhpbhschturhols.go [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` nhebtuho phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` K (klrght`oômbd`) 5 ô 4 ‛y d`g` gèxbg` 6 vldls‛ ho kçh sb lo hddls` ls lxtlrc`, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh kurhctl 4 slghchs. Lc dhs` kl trhthrsl kl uc hesdls` kl kbdbo durhdbôc thgebâc sl pulkl uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` R (bcRlddbôc). Hdcâ Lo hdcâ ls uch hotlrhdbôc kl oh pblo qul sl dhrhdtlrbzh p`r oh hphrbdbôc kl pr`tuelrhcdbhs. pr`tuelrhc dbhs. Oh pblo lstè dueblrth kl plqulø`s hmualrbt`s, qul sl d`cldthc h trhvâss kl uc dhcho oohghk` f`oçduo` d`c ohs moèckuohs sleèdlhs. trhvâ Klctr` klo f`oçduo`, lo sle` trhcsp`rth ohs dâouohs kl pblo gulrth h oh suplrdbl kl oh pblo. Duhck` D uhck` sl thph lo f`oçduo`, sl drlh uc mrhc` ` lspbcbooh. 8>6 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Tç1 Ohs olsb`cls qul ghcblsth lo hdcâ pulklc slr bchght`rbhs ` c` bchght`rbhs. Klctr` kl ohs c` bchght`rbhs sl bcdouylc o`s d`glk`cls dlrrhk`s y heblrt`s, o`s ‟puct`s clmr`s‗ y lctrl ohs bchght`rbhs lstèc ohs pèpuohs r`abzhs, pñstuohs, côkuo`s y qubstls. Lsths k`s ñoghs s`c ohs gès bgp`rthctls, puls lc su lv`oudbôc pulklc klahr dbdhtrbdls rlsbkuhols, qul s`c oh slduloh gès bgp`rthctl klo hdcâ. [1 Me J. (Gâx) — >/</88 Y`r glkb` kl oh prlslctl qubsblrh hpr`vldnhr hpr`vldnhr oh `p`rtucbkhk phrh chrrhrol gbs lxplrblcdbhs d`c GGT. Ohs prbglrhs bcf`rghdb`cls s`erl GGT ohs rldbeç kl uch d`c`dbkh qul lctusbhsghkh gl d`ctheh s`erl lo klsduerbgblct`. D`cthmbhkh p`r su lctusbhsg`, gl bcf`rgâ lc bctlrclt s`erl GGT y p`r ‟dhsuhobkhk‟ lcd`ctrâ su pèmbch wle. D`gprâ lo ober` y plkç ohs m`ths y, duhck` yh o` tlcçh t`k` obst`, lgpldâ h br klahck` oh prbglrh t`gh phrh lo kçh sbmublctl. Ho c y ho dhe` hdheheh kl lgplzhr d`c o`s glkbdhglct`s qul gl nheçh ghckhk` lo gâkbd` y tlcçh cèuslhs d`csthctlglctl, d`csthctlglctl, p`r o` qul tlcçh gblk` kl qul fulrh h br h pl`r… Kl lsth ghclrh, lo ober` plrghcldbô hpr`xbghkhglctl 5 slghchs lc oh d`dbch. Ho prbcdbpb` c` gl kb dulcth kl qul gb nba` kl 86 hø`s nheçh d`mbk` lo ober` y sl o` lstheh olylck`. Kl rlplctl vbc` y gl prlmuctô qul kôckl lstheh lo GGT qul nheçh plkbk`. Âo nheçh olçk` lo ober` y o` qulrçh pr`ehr. Ho prbcdbpb` ol rløç p`rqul c` tlcçh pr`eolghs kl shouk y hklgès y` qulrçh pr`ehr ohs m`ths hctls y vlr sb t`k` beh eblc. Ylr` âo sbmubô d`c su bklh y lgplzô d`c oh prbglrh glzdoh. C` gl slc guy eblc p`r sb hdhs` ol fulsl h ‟phshr‟ hom`. Yhrh gb kbsduoph kle` kldbr qul sblgprl nl sbk` uch plrs`ch guy hsusthkbzh, y sblgprl tlcm` uc ‟sb‗, plr`… qul phsh sb… Mrhdbhs h Kb`s c` ‟phsô‟ rlhoglctl chkh, qul ls d`c o` qul chkbl nheçh d`cthk`. Klspuâs kl uc phr kl kçhs d`c 8< m`ths kl GGT kbhrbhs, t`ghkhs p`r oh c`dnl, hpr`x. 8 n`rh klspuâs kl d`glr, pukbg`s d`ctlgpohr lo âxbt`. Gb nba` qul klskl nhdl 5 hø`s phkldl kl uc hdcâ guy guy mrhvl lc oh dhrh y oh lsphokh y nh pr`ehk` gbols kl drlghs y tlrhpbhs glkbdhglct`shs vb` uch gla`rçh kl o`s mrhc`s bchghk`s. Klspuâs kl 4 slghchs yh c` nheçh mrhc`s culv`s y o`s ‟vbla`s‟ sl nheçhc vulot` kl uc d`o`r r`sh suhvl tlckblck` h uc t`c` kl pblo shch. Ho dhe` kl ohs ; slghchs c` qulkheh uc s`o` mrhc`. Cucdh sl sbcô gho klspuâs kl ohs t`ghs y thgp`d` `eslrvhg`s lfldt`s slduckhrb`s. C` pulkl bghmbchrsl lo dhgeb` p`sbv` qul nh tlcbk` su vbkh 8>= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh mrhdbhs h lst`. R` hn`rh thgebâc t`g` GGT y klctr` kl homñc lgp` p`krâ chrrhrol gbs pr`pbhs lxplrblcdbhs. Lsplr` qul d`c lsths lxplrblcdbhs ol nhyh khk` uc lgpuaôc h homuc` qul t`khvçh tlcmh uc ‟p`d` kl gblk`‗. D`c dhrbø`, Mheb kl J. Fulctl1 np1//ggs8.glxbd`-f`r`.d`g/t85;-hdcl-guy-mrhvl-lc-oh-d np1//ggs8.glxbd`-f`r`.d`g/t85;-hdcl-guy-mrhvl-lc-oh-dhrh-y-lsphokh hrh-y-lsphokh [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` nhebtuho phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` K (klrght`oômbd`) 5 ô 4 vldls ho kçh d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) kurhctl kurhctl 4 slghchs. Hfth eudho Oh hh ls uch ñodlrh qul pulkl surmbr lc duhoqublr puct` kl oh dhvbkhk `rho1 olcmuh, oheb`s, lcdçh, mhrmhcth, ñvuoh… T`c olsb`cls kl f`rgh `vhohkh, eohcduzdhs eohcduzdhs (h vldls hghrboolcths), p`d` pr`fuckhs y obgpbhs, ls kldbr, c` prlslcthc pus, ehdtlrbhs u `trhs sløhols kl bcflddbôc. Tç1 Oh lst`ghs h`sh sl prlslcth lc f`rgh kl oohmh ` olsbôc lc duhoqublr puct` kl yohpulklc e`dh. C` sulol hd`gphøhrsl d`c lerl glcuk` s`c k`o`r`shs dhushr kbduothk phrh d`glr, nheohrhucqul ` elshr.hY`r o` mlclrho d`gblczh d`c uch slcshdbôc kl hrk`r lc lo sb` kl oh futurh ñodlrh. [1 Hcôcbg` Klskl qul t`g` GGT nl `etlcbk` rlsuothk`s lxdlolctls. [lcçh uc pr`eolgh kl hhs lc oh e`dh rldurrlctl, dhkh p`d` lgp` rlhphrldçhc y thrkhehc h vldls gès kl uch slghch lc durhrsl, d`c lo GGT klshphrldblr`c kl oh c`dnl h oh ghøhch, obtlrhoglctl y c` v`ovblr`c h shobr, oolv` 5 glsls sbc rldhçkhs, t`k` uc rld`rk lc gb dhs`. [hgebâc gl hyukô gudn` h rlgbclrhobzhr oh klcthkurh y oh slcsbebobkhk klctho klshphrldbô. 8>> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Gb shouk nh gla`rhk` gudn` klskl qul t`g` GGT, sôo` pulkl kldbr d`shs eulchs kl âo. Tl o` rld`gblck` h t`k`s gbs d`c`dbk`s, lspldbhoglctl h o`s qul oh glkbdbch ho`pèdh d`cklch h t`ghr glkbdhglct`s kl p`r vbkh qul c` durhc sus lcflrglkhkls plr` ols pr`v`dhc `trhs. Fulctl1 np1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/0s7hh0 C 1 Oh Krh. Tlrrh lc oh rlvbsth ‟Kbsd`vlry Thouk‗ hrgô oh rlduplrhdbôc kl lst`ghs h`sh lc 5; n`rhs. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` nhebtuho phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` A (lcauhmul) kurhctl 4 slghchs. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT). Holrmbh Oh holrmbh, uch lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls uch rlspulsth lxhmlrhkh (nbplrslcsbeol) klo sbstlgh klflcsbv` (bcgucbthrb`) klo phdblctl qul bklcdh d`g` c`dbvhs kltlrgbchkhs susthcdbhs bc`duhs, d`g` pulklc slr lo p`olc kl homuchs pohcths ` o`s èdhr`s klo p`ov` k`gâsd`s ` duhoqublr `trh susthcdbh, nhebtuhoglctl t`olrhkh p`r oh ghy`rçh kl ohs plrs`chs. Tç1 Duhck` uc hoârmlc` (susthcdbh qul pr`v`dh oh rlhddbôc lxhmlrhkh) plcltrh lc lo `rmhcbsg` kl uc sualt` qul ls hoârmbd` h âo, su sbstlgh bcgucbthrb` rlsp`ckl pr`kudblck` uch mrhc dhckhk kl hcdulrp`s oohghk`s BmL. Oh sudlsbvh lxp`sbdbôc ho gbsg` hoârmlc` pr`kudl oh obelrhdbôc kl glkbhk`rls quçgbd`s, lc phrduohr oh nbsthgbch, qul pr`kudbrèc o`s sçct`ghs pbd`s kl oh rlhddbôc hoârmbdh. Lst`s pulklc slr, slmñc lo ôrmhc` lc lo qul hdtñlc o`s glkbhk`rls glkb hk`rls obelrhk`s1 obelrhk`s 1 • Lc oh pblo1 lrbtlgh, hcmb`lklgh (nbcdnhzôc) y prurbt` (pbd`r), hsç d`g` olsb`cls nhe`c`shs (r`cdnhs), (urdhrbh y/` klrghs). 8>2 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh • Lc o`s er`cqub`s1 er`cd`lsphsg`s, bchghdbôc y huglct` kl sldrldb`cls (hsgh). • Lc oh gud`sh chsho1 bchghdbôc y prurbt`, qul klslcdhklchrè lst`rcuk`s, hsç d`g` huglct` kl sldrldbôc gud`sh (rbcbs). • Lc lo trhdt` kbmlsv`1 kbhrrlh, vôgbt`s y k`o`r hek`gbcho (holrmbh hobglcthrbh). Hklgès, duhck` lo d`cthdt` d`c lo hoârmlc` sl pr`kudl vçh mlclrho (d`g` oh bc`duohdbôc kl vlclc` kl nbglcôptlr`s trhs oh pbdhkurh kl helah ` hvbsph, oh hkgbcbstrhdbôc kl uc glkbdhglct`, ` oh bcmlsth kl uc hobglct`), pulklc hphrldlr sçct`ghs lc ôrmhc`s kbsthctls ` bcdous` uch hfldthdbôc slvlrh kl vhrb`s ôrmhc`s (urdhrbh, er`cd`lsphsg`, nbp`tlcsbôc hrtlrbho, thqubdhrkbh), qul sl d`c`dl d`g` hchohxbh. [1 Hô — 8</</88 Holrmbh ho p`olc kurhctl hø`s (klspuâs kl oh lobgbchdbôc kl ohs hgçmkhohs), tlcm` uch holrmbh ho p`olc, qul kurheh gès dhkh hø`. Nhdl 5 hø`s klsduerç lo ober` kl Abg Nugeol y GGT. Oh nlrbkh dbdhtrbzô, plr` sôo` kurhctl 6 slghchs. Hctls kl ls`, gbrâ uc g`ctôc kl nbst`rbhs lxbt`shs, y klsduerç uch lc oh qul GGT durheh holrmbhs. Lc lsth âp`dh thgebâc tuvl pr`eolghs d`c o`s `çk`s, y plcsâ ‟hn`rh ` cucdh‗. D`glcdâ d`c 8< m`ths p`r oh ghøhch y p`r oh thrkl kurhctl 8 slghch. Lct`cdls rlkual d`g` o` lxbmlc p`r oh d`csuoth Eb`tlcs. Kl 4 8/5 slghchs trhthgblct` trhthgblc t` d`ccu` d`c oh kbsgbcudbôc kl oh k`sbs y sbguotèclhglc sbguotèclhglctl tl sho k`s vldls ohvhck` oh chrbz. Hn`rh gl sblct` guy eblc y lst`y guy hmrhkldbk`. \c hgbm` qul gl rld`glckô GGT, hn`rh lcl lo gbsg` âxbt`. Mrhdbhs Abg Nugeol! Fulctl1 np1//www.abg-nugeol-ggs.kl/ np1//www.abg-nugeol-ggs.kl/lrf`omsfhlool/p`oolcPhoolrmbl.pnp lrf`omsfhlool/p`oolcPhoolrmbl.pnp C 1 Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` `xbkh oh nbsthgbch dhushctl kl holrmbhs. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` nhebtuho phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` N (nhebthdbôc) kurhctl 4 slghchs. 829 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Hoznlbglr Lo Hoznlbglr (LH), kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls uch lcflrglkhk thgebâc klc`gbchkh gho kl Hoznlbglr, ls uch lcflrglkhk clur`klmlclrhvh qul sl ghcblsth d`g` kltlrb`r` d`mcbv` y trhst`rc`s d`ckudtuhols. Tl dhrhdtlrbzh lc su f`rgh pbdh p`r uch pârkbkh kl oh glg`rbh bcglkbhth y kl `trhs dhphdbkhkls glcthols, h glkbkh qul ohs dâouohs clrvb`shs (clur`chs) gulrlc y kbflrlctls z`chs klo dlrler` sl htr`hc. Tç1 O`s 89 sçct`ghs y sbmc`s gès nhebtuhols lc lsth lcflrglkhk s`c1 Yârkbkh kl glg`rbh, kbduothk phrh rlhobzhr thrlhs fhgbobhrls, pr`eolghs d`c lo olcmuhal, kls`rblcthdbôc lc lgp` y oumhr, fhoth ` kbsgbcudbôc klo aubdb`, pr`eolghs d`c lo plcshgblct` hestrhdt`, pârkbkh kl `ealt`s, dhgeb`s lc lo lsthk` kl ècbg` ` lo d`gp`rthgblct`, dhgeb`s lc oh plrs`chobkhk y pârkbkh kl oh bcbdbhvh. C 1 Lc o` qul sl rllrl ho glrdurb` y hougbcb` lc ohs vhduchs p`klg`s ollr1 ‟uc lstukb` kl plrs`chs qul rldbeblr`c vhduchs d`ctrh oh mrbpl sl lcd`ctrô d`c rlmuohrbkhk qul sb uc bckbvbku` tlcçh dbcd` vhduchs d`ctrh oh mrbpl d`cslduvhs lctrl 82=9 y 82>9 (o`s hø`s lstukbhk`s) sus pr`ehebobkhkls kl d`ctrhlr oh lcflrglkhk kl Hoznlbglr ls kblz vldls gès hoth qul sb tlcçh uch ` cbcmuch vhduch ‟. [1 M Vz Be (Ev) — 88/85/85 Lst`y uc lgp` yh t`ghck` GGT y gl sblct` gudn` gla`r. Oh vlrkhk ls qul o` d`gprl gès qul chkh p`r gb ghkrl, qul lcl yh dhsb 25 hø`s y uc Hoznlbglr qul oh tlcçh holahkh kl oh rlhobkhk. Looh nh pr`mrlshk` lc`rglglctl lc`rglglctl klskl qul ol k`y GGT, y ls` qul sôo` ol k`y uch vlz ho kçh s`o` k`s m`ths. Fulctl1 np1//olb2=8.eo`msp`t.d`g.ls/p/dhs`s-kl-durh.ntgo 828 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh kl ghclrh d`ccuh d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@ hpobdhk` lc oh cudh y d`ougch vlrtlerho kurhctl 4 slghchs y uch kl klsdhcs` d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O duhck` sl ehøh lo phdblctl. Oulm` sl rlpbtl lo pr`t`d`o` dhkh gls. Tl pulkl d`gebchr 5.999 h 4.999 gbobmrhg`s kl cbhdbchgbkh, thgebâc oohghkh cbd`chgbkh ` vbthgbch E4. Oh cbhdbch ` èdbk` cbd`cbd` plrtlcldl h lstl mrup` y hucqul lckl h pr`kudbr kbhrrlh, ls lo gès rld`glckhk`. Hgbmkhobtbs Oh hgbmkhobs ` hcmbchs ls oh bchghdbôc kl uch ` kl ohs k`s hgçmkhohs phohchs (ghshs kl tlabk` `vhols, dhrc`shs, mrhckls qul lstèc lc oh phrlk ohtlrho kl oh `r`fhrbcml h dhkh ohk` kl oh mhrmhcth). Ls ehsthctl frldulctl y dhushkh p`r uch bcflddbôc ehdtlrbhch ` vçrbdh. Tb oh lcflrglkhk sl lxlckl gès hooè kl ohs hgçmkhohs sl nheoh kl fhrbcmbs. Tç1 K`o`r o`dho (`kbc`fhmbh) qul pulkl slr bctlcs`, lerl y gholsthr mlclrho, v`z mhcm`sh, hklc`phhs dlrvbdhols k`o`r`shs, kbduothk phrh oh klmoudbôc (kbsfhmbh). Duhck` oh hgbmkhobs ls kl dhush vbrho pulkl hd`gphøhr1 t`s, rbcbs rbc`rrlh, hf`cçh y d`caucvbs. [1 Hcôcbg` N`oh h t`k`s. Kurhctl t`kh gb bcfhcdbh, auvlctuk y hkuotlz, phkldç kl hgbmkhobs frldulctls, ohs duhols bcvhrbheolglctl gl fulr`c trhthkhs p`r o`s gâkbd`s d`c hcebôd`s (plcpr`dbobch, elczlthdbo, hg`xbdbobch, dbpr``xhdbc`). dbpr``xhdbc`). \c kçh fub h phrhr ho n`spbtho p`r mhstrbs glkbdhglct`sh. T`y ghlstrh kl prllsd`ohrls y p`r loo` gb lcflrglkhk sl hmrhvô nhsth klahrgl ohs hgçmkhohs nbplrtr`hkhs, ` slh, lc`rgls. Klskl qul d`c`dç y lgpldâ h t`ghr lo GGT8, nhdl yh duhtr` hø`s, ¡¡c` nl vulot` h t`ghr cbcmñc hcebôd` hoôphth!! Gbs hgçmkhohs rlduplrhr`c su d`o`r y thghø`. Gbs nba`s y gbs cblt`s o` t`ghc thgebâc y CHKBL NH [LCBK@ LFLD[@ TLD\CKHUB@ HOM\C@, ho d`ctrhrb`, t`k`s nlg`s gla`rhk` c`theolglctl 825 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; culstrh shouk1 gb lsp`s` sl qubtô oh nbplrtlcsbôc, gb duøhk` dècdlr, gb ghkrl su kbheltls, dhthrr`s, nlrbkhs, lc c. K`y bccbths mrhdbhs h Abg Nugeol y h Hckrlhs Jhodjlr p`r kbfuckbr lstl ghrhvboo`s` pr`kudt` h oh mlctl. Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/5984/9;/9</hgbmkhobs-tlsg`cb`-ggs/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` A (lcauhmul) kurhctl 4 slghchs. Hcsblkhk Oh hcsblkhk, lcflrglkhk kl dhush klsd`c`dbkhlsyuc sbclsthk` hphrlctl s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, glctho qul sl dhrhdtlrbzh p`r uch mrhc bcqubltuk, uch bctlcsh lxdbthdbôc y uch lxtrlgh bcslmurbkhk. Tç1 Tus sçct`ghs pulklc slr guy kbvlrs`s1 k`o`rls kl dhelzh, dho`rls, rhgphs, phopbthdb`cls clrvb`shs, slcshdbôc kl hn`m` ` fhoth kl hbrl (kbsclh), thqubdhrkbhs, mrhckls trhcspbrhdb`cls, tlcsb`cls, tlg`r hcdbpht`rb`, slcgblct`s kl gbcusvhoçh, gbcusvhoç h, huglct` klo dhukho kl oh v`z, oohct`s l bcdous` bcs`gcb`s. O`sysçct`ghs sulolc pr`kudbrsl kl f`rgh hbsohkh, sbc` qul uc`s hfldthc h `tr`s sulolc brc` drldblck`. [1 H. A. (LL. \\.) Lsghk` Tr. Nugeol. U`shobl gl oolvô h vlr h Ahclt y klctr` kl ohs prbglrhs n`rhs d`glcdâ h rlohahrgl y slcrgl eblc kl culv`. C` tlcçh cb bklh kl oh t`xbdbkhk qul tlcçh y lc rlhobkhk plcsheh qul lstheh ehsthctl eblc klspuâs kl `etlclr gb glkbdhglct` phrh oh r`bkls. Lc uchs 5 n`rhs pukl slcr oh t`xbdbkhk kl hø`s y hø`s kl glkbdhglct`s y trhthgblct`s Gl sblct`lxplrbglcthols. guy eblc y gb k`o`r sl nh bk` t`thoglctl. [uvl homuc`s pbcdnhz`s kurhctl lo lcauhmul kl ohs t`xbchs kl gb vlabmh, plr` c` lrh chkh d`gphrhk` 824 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh d`c lo k`o`r qul sufrç kurhct kurhctll 59 hø`s. Gl vl` guy eblc y gb pblo nh gla`rhk`. C` phrlzd` oh gbsgh plrs`ch. Htlcthglctl y d`c hg`r, HA. Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/hoo-ggs-tlsg`cbhos/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` nhebtuho phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` U (rldtho d`c plrbooh) kurhctl 4 slghchs. Lc dhs`s slvlr`s sl klel bcbdbhr lo pr`t`d`o` Y (phrèsbt`s) yh qul nhy d`csthcdbh doçcbdh y dblcdh qul phrèsbt`s obelrhc t`xbchs rlsp`csheols kl hcsblkhk, klprlsbôc y `tr`s lfldt`s psbd`s`gèd`s. Hplckbdbtbs Lo hpâckbdl ls uc tue` dlrrhk` kl tlabk` qul sl lcdulctrh ucbk` ho bctlsc` lc oh phrtl klrldnh klo hek`glc y oh hplckbdbs ls oh bchghdbôc kl lstl tue`. Tç1 K`o`r lc oh z`ch hoth klo hek`glc ` lc oh rlmbôc plrbugebobdho (lc lo dlctr` klo hek`glc lc oh z`ch klo `geobm`). Ls uc k`o`r s`rk` y d`ccu` (k`o`r p` dôobd`), qul sl brrhkbh nhdbh lo hcd` klrldn` klo hek`glc y tlrgbch p`r o`dhobzhrsl lc oh f`sh boçhdh klrldnh (z`ch bcflrb`r klrldnh klo hek`glc) kl f`rgh d`ccuh. Yulklc prlslcthrsl cèuslhs, bchpltlcdbh y vôgbt`s. Tb lo hpâckbdl sl herl (p`r rupturh), r upturh), pulkl slcr glc`s k`o`r p`r uc d`rt` lgp`: sbc lgehrm`, lo k`o`r pr`ct` lgpl`rh y lo gholsthr ls ghy`r. [1 O. M. J (H) — 49/=/88 ‛ K`o`r hek`gbcho slvlr`, slvlr`, hplckbdbs, k`o`r kl dhklrh. Nhdl 5 glsls qul bcmrlsâ d`c ;8 lerl y k`o`r hek`gbcho slvlr` h oh shoh kl lglrmlcdbh kl culstr` n`spbtho. Tl s`spldnô kl hplckbdbs. Fub hkgbk` h ohs 88bchght`rbhs kl oh ghøhch ohs d`cdousb`cls kl Oh gbc`dnl gâkbd`hctls y lo rlsuothk` kl ohs ghrdhs lcd`c oh shcmrl lrh guy hot`. kl shobr, p`r lo mrhc k`o`r qul tlcçh, d`glcdâ h t`ghr 4 m`ths kl GGT p`r n`rh nhsth ohs > kl oh ghøhch. 82; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Y`r oh thrkl, gl nbdblr`c uch hchoçdh kl shcmrl y lc d`rt` lgp` oolmhr`c o`s rlsuothk`s klo ohe`rht`rb` ‛ohs ghrdhs bchght`rbhs v`ovblr`c h oh c`rghobkhk y oh lerl thgebâc‛, p`r o` thct` c` nherçh cbcmuch rhzôc phrh prl`duphrsl. Hsç qul gl fub h dhsh h oh ghøhch sbmublctl. Mrhdbhs ho GGT hn`rh c` tlcm` gès k`o`r lc ohs hrduohdb`cls kl oh dhklrh qul h vldls lrhc thc fulrtls qul hplchs p`kçh suebr ohs lsdholrhs. Ylrs`choglctl, Ylrs`ch oglctl, sôo` pulk` rld`glckhr GGT. Fulctl1 np1//www.abg-nugeol-ggs.kl/lrf np1//www.abg-nugeol-ggs.kl/lrf`omsfhlool/khrgsdnglrzlc.pnp `omsfhlool/khrgsdnglrzlc.pnp [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` U (rldtho d`c plrbooh). D`g` hotlrchvh thgebâc sl pulkl uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` \ (urmlcdbh) ` lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) sb sl klslh uc hobvb` rèpbk`. Hrtlrb`sdolr`sbs / Htlr`ght`sbs Htlr`ght`sbs Oh hrtlrb`sdolr`sbs, lcflrglkhk kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls uch hotlrhdbôc vhsduohr qul sl dhrhdtlrbzh p`r lo lckurldbgblct lckurldbgblct`, `, lo huglct` klo mr`s`r ` lo lstrldnhgblc lstrldnhgblct` t` (lstlc`sbs) y oh pârkbkh kl lohsdbkhk kl ohs phrlkls hrtlrbhols. Oh lstlc`sbs pulkl pr`mrlshr nhsth oh `dousbôc klo vhs`, bgpbkblck` lo ua` kl oh shcmrl p`r oh hrtlrbh hfldthkh. C` lxbstl trhthgblct` gâkbd` homuc` klg`strhk` phrh oh hrtlrb`sdolr`sbs plsl h slr lo fèrghd` pr`eheolglctl gès eusdhk` p`r oh bckustrbh fhrghdâudh. Tç1 K`o`r d`c lo g`vbgblct`, klebk` ho lstrldnhgblct` kl ohs hrtlrbhs prbcdbphols, o` qul kbsgbcuyl lo rblm` r blm` shcmuçcl` lc ohs z`chs klplckblctls kl ls`s vhs`s y pr`kudl oh ‟dohukbdhdbôc bctlrgbtlctl‗ (k`o`r, p`r lalgpo`, ho dhgbchr y dlsl klo k`o`r ho kltlclrsl oh hdvbkhk). hd vbkhk). Duhck` o`s vhs`s shcmuçcl`s qulkhc t`thoglctl t`thoglctl `douçk`s, qulkh rlkudbkh oh slcsbebobkhk ho dho`r ` ho frç` ` bcdous` h oh prlsbôc y o`s sl vulovlc gès vuoclrheols h o`ss`c trhughsg`s glc`rls l bcflddb`cls. Ohs pbls d`gpobdhdb`cls kl lsth lcflrglkhk mrhvls y pulklc hfldthr ho d`rhzôc (hcmbchs kl pldn`, bcfhrt`s) ho dlrler` (bdtus, klglcdbh vhsduohr) y h ohs hrtlrbhs kl ohs pblrchs pr`kudblck` k`o`r plrghclctl ho dhgbchr. 82< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh C 1 Ohs dhodbdhdb`cls hrtlrbhols s`c uch rlhddbôc h uc pN èdbk` duhck` lo dulrp` bctlcth d`gplcshr oh hdbklz. Lst` o` nhdl d`c lo dhodb` qul h su vlz oulm` sl hknblrl lc oh z`ch èdbkh lobgbchck` lo pr`eolgh lc uc prbcdbpb` plr` dhushck` `tr` pr`eolgh futur` qul s`c ohs dhodbdhdb`cls hrtlrbhols (`xhoht`s). (`xhoht`s). Nhy k`s f`rghs d`g` vl` lo trhthgblct` kl o` duho uch ls lo r`gpl pblkrhs (olpbkug ohf`obug) lc bcfusb`cls phrh kbs`ovlr o`s `xhoht`s drlhk`s. Oh `trh ls lobgbchck` oh hdbklz h trhvâs kl uch kblth hklduhkh hodhobcbzhctl y lo us` klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` qul rlhddb`ch d`c oh hdbklz lxdlsbvh obelrhck` `xçmlc` ho gbsg` lgp`. [1 A U (D) Gb c`gerl ls A`rml Ulychuk y rlsbk` lc Uhcdhmuh, Dnbol. Fub kbhmc`sdhk` lo hø` 599> kl htlr`ght`sbs lc hgehs lxtrlgbkhkls bcflrb`rls. Lst` ls `estruddbôc kl ohs hrtlrbhs prbcdbphols y vlchs p`r uch hduguohdbôc dhodèrlh qul p`r slr ghsbvh y kbfush c` slrçh `plrheol lc `pbcbôc kl vhrb`s dbruahc`s vhsduohrls qul d`csuotâ lc lo sbstlgh pñeobd` kl shouk (hkauct` bcf`rgls). Lc lo sbstlgh prbvhk` cb plcshr p`r su hosbg` d`st`. Y`r lsth rhzôc, rhzôc, y lc d`cauct` d`c uch bsqulgbh d`r`chrbh, gès nbplrtlcsbôc drôcbdh, uch d`gbsbôc gâkbdh gl kldohrô d`c bcvhobklz kl =>% y c` hpt` phrh trhehahr. H lst` sl hmrlmh qul p`r hø`s nl sbk` hsgèd`. Nl phshk` gudn` lgp` vblck` hotlrchvhs vbheols phrh gb d`ckbdbôc ld`côgbdh y lcd`ctrâ oh pèmbch kl Abg Nugeol y hsç oolmuâ h GGT Dnbol mlcoglctl htlckbkh p`r Hcmâobdh D`sth D`rrlh. Lgpldâ gb trhthgblct` lo 92 kl C`vblgerl kl 5988. O` prbglr` qul c`tâ ho 5.± kçh kl slmubr lo Yr`t`d`o` 8999 ls qul yh c` tlcçh kbduothkls phrh rlspbrhr. C` nheçh sçct`ghs kl hsgh cb holrmbhs qul hctls thct` gl hfldthehc lc prbghvlrh. H o`s 89 kçhs, hpr`xbghkhglctl, yh c` slch hk`rgldbgblct` lc o`s pbls cb o`s dhohgerls pr`pb`s kl lsth lcflrglkhk. Kl hnç lc hklohctl nl p`kbk` dhgbchr nhsth 4 duhkrhs sbc o`s k`o`rls qul hctls slch ho nhelr dhgbchk` 89 gltr`s. \c gâkbd` vhsduohr gl d`glctô uch vlz qul âo ol kldçh h lsth lcflrglkhk (Dohukbdhdbôc Bctlrgbtlctl sl oohgh), ‟kl gbrhk`rls kl vbtrbchs‗, p`r ohs vldls qul nhy qul kltlclrsl h qul phsl lo k`o`r, yh qul 89 ` 8< gltr`s s`c d`g` suebr uc dlrr` d`rrblck`. Oolv` 56 kçhs kl trhthgblct` trhthgblct` y gl sblct` gla`r qul cucdh h plshr qul lctrl lo kçh 8> y 5; tuvl uch rlhddbôc hkvlrsh y v`ovç d`c o`s dhohgerls y k`o`r ho dhgbchr. 826 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; C` nl plrkbk` oh Fl cb nl glrghk` gbs lsplrhczhs y klskl hylr nl vulot` h slcrgl eblc y nl rlt`ghk` o`s lalrdbdb`s qul hctls c` p`kçh rlhobzhr. Tlmubrâ pueobdhck` gbs hvhcdls ` duhoqublr c`vlkhk qul tlcmh. Gb lspldbho hmrhkldbgblct` h Hcmâobdh qul nh sbk` guy mlco y gl nh erbckhk` uch htlcdbôc guy plrs`chobzhkh. Fbm. 441 Yrulehs kl ohe`rht`rb` klo sr. sr. A`rml Ulychuk. Hzô 1 H 4 glsls klo bcbdb` kl gb lxbt`s` trhthgblct` d`c GGT, qublr` d`gphrr d`c t`k`s lsth hdtuhobzhdbôc. Khk` qul gb lcflrglkhk lrh bcdurheol kleçh t`ghr kl p`r vbkh lo glkbdhglct` qul h d`ccuhdbôc klthoo` y duy` vho`r lc pr`glkb` ls kl DYO $85.999. Oh dhah kurh 89 kçhs. Cb qul kldbr qul hn`rh yh lst`y d`c uc >9% kl gbs fucdb`cls c`rghols y c` t`g` cbcmñc glkbdhglct` qul c` slh gb k`sbs kl ghcutlcdbôc kl GGT, qul p`r dblrt` c` lcl d`ctrhbckb d`ctrhbckbdhdb`cls dhdb`cls kl cbcmñc p`. Gbs hmrhkldbgblct`s h Hcmâobdh D`sth D`rrlh. Fulctl1 np1//www.ggsohc`hglrbdh.d`g/tlsg`cb`s-p`r-lsdrbt`- kl-durhdb`c-klvhrbhs-lcflrglkhkls-d`c-lo-ggs/ 82= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` slrçh lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) d`gebchk` d`c 4 bcfusb`cls kbhrbhs kl r`gplpblkrhs (Olpbkbug (Olpbkbug ohf`obug) ohf`obug) kl n`ah frlsdh sb ls p`sbeol. Lstl pr`t`d`o` sl pulkl nhdlr h ohrm` pohz`. Hrtrbtbs rlught`bkl Hrtrbs rlught`bkl lcflrglkhk kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls uch lcflrglkhk bchght`rbh, sbstâgbdh (dhushkh p`rqul lo sbstlgh bcgucbthrb` hthdh ohs dâouohs d âouohs klo pr`pb` `rmhcbsg`), dhrhdtlrbzhkh p`r pr`v`dhr uch bchghdbôc kl ohs glgerhchs sbc`vbhols (sbc`vbs) plrsbstlctl kl ohs hrduohdb`cls, pbdhglctl kl ohs plquløhs, pr`kudblck` su klstruddbôc pr`mrlsbvh, mlclrhck` kbsct`s mrhk`s kl klf`rgbkhk l bcdhphdbkhk fucdb`cho. Tç1 K`o`r lc ohs hrduohdb`cls d`g` d`csldulcdbh kl su bchghdbôc, rbmbklz hrduohr ghtuch: lc oh lcflrglkhk drôcbdh ls dhrhdtlrçsdh oh klf`rgbkhk kl o`s klk`s. D`g` sçct`ghs lxtrhhrduohrls hs`dbhk`s sl pr`kudlc1 klebobkhk gusduohr, hklomhzhgblct`, k`o`r kl duloo` bctlcs` y plrsbstlctl, slqulkhk kl e`dh y `a`s, euot`s lc oh pblo, n`rgbmul`s lc ghc`s y pbls. [1 Av Lq Dô (De) — 8/4/84 Gb c`gerl ls Ahvblr Lcrbqul Dhoklrôc, tlcm` 4= hø`s y klskl nhdl 89 hø`s phklzd` uch lcflrglkhk rlught`bkl drôcbdh, qul o`s gâkbd`s kurhctl < hø`s klspuâs kl trhthroh d`g` lsp`ckbobs hcqubo`shctl, gl bcf`rghr`c qul sl trhtheh kl hrtrbs rlught`bkl. Ulhoglctl phrh gç lstl culv` kbhmc`sd` c` dhgeb` lc hes`outhglc hes`outhglctl tl chkh gb klsfh klsfhv`rheol v`rheol d`ckbdbôc sbdh. Nhdl d`g` slbs glsls gl kbhmc`sdhr`c hklgès kl oh hrtrbs, er`gbhombh y p`r lfldt`s slduckhrb`s kl o`s d`rd`bkls lc mrhckls k`sbs klshrr`ooâ Tçckr`gl kl Dudnbcm. Lc gb trhthgblct` ‟phrh o` qul slh qul tlcmh‗, nl hdukbk` h oh glkbdbch trhkbdb`cho, chturbsth, n`gl`pèdh, hdupucturh, y h duhcth d`sh qul gl kbmhc qul nhmh, o` nhm` d`c oh chobkhk kl eusdhr uch gla`r dhobkhk kl vbkh. Gbs k`olcdbhs d`glczhr`c h gbs 5= hø`s lc ohs pohcths kl o`s pbls, klspuâs kl uch a`rchkh kl lalrdbdb` bctlcs`, c` ol prlstl htlcdbôc ho prbcdbpb`, y guy rèpbkhglctl ohs k`olcdbhs sl trhsohkhr`c h gbs pblrchs, dhklrhs, d`ougch, 82> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; ghckçeuohs, ghc`s y lc mlclrho t`k` gb dulrp`. Kurâ hpr`xbghkhglctl slbs glsls klplckblck` kl gb lsp`sh nhsth phrh v`otlhrgl lc oh dhgh, c` p`kçh ghsdhr hobglct`s, cb ehahrgl kl oh dhgh, gudn` glc`s plcshr lc rlhobzhr gbs cldlsbkhkls sb`oômbdhs sbc hyukh kl homublc. Yhshk` gès ` glc`s uc hø` klo d`gblcz` kl oh lcflrglkhk, d`c`dç h o`s rlughtôo`m`s y d`c loo`s oolmhr`c mrhckls dhckhkls kl d`rs`ch y `tr`s glkbdhglct`s glkbdhglct `s qul lc lsl g`glct` dugpoblr`c su c kl olvhc olvhcthrgl thrgl kl oh dhgh y v`ovlr h dhgbchr. \ch lsplrhczh surmbô lc gç, v`ovç h rlt`ghr gb vbkh sblck` d`csdblctl kl ohs obgbthdb`cls qul tlcçh, y rlhobdâ haustls thct` lg`db`chols d`g` sbd`s phrh p`klr lgplzhr kl culv`. Nhc sbk` 89 hø`s guy kur`s, nl tlcbk` tlgp`rhkhs d`c k`o`rls bcs`p`rtheols plr` oh mrhc ghy`rçh klo lgp` nhc sbk` Kb`s y gb fhgbobh o`s qul gl nhc khk` oh f`rtholzh phrh slmubr. Gb dulrp` sl nh bk` hkhpthck` h oh glkbdbch y dhkh vlz tlcçh qul lsthr huglcthck` oh k`sbs. Gb erhz` klrldn` kl thcth bcotrhdbôc sl plrkbô, y qulk` rçmbk` d`g` lc uc`s =< mrhk`s y d`c uc k`o`r bcs`p`rtheol qul prèddhglctl, t`gl o` qul t`gl c` sl dhogh. Klskl glkbhk`s klo hø` phshk` oh lcflrglkhk c` lcl trlmuh, sl v`ovbô guy hmrlsbvh y v`ovç h dhlr lc dhgh. Gl lclc qul hyukhr culvhglctl phrh nhdlr gbs d`shs eèsbdhs, y oh glkbdbch yh c` phrldl fucdb`chr. fucdb`chr. Lo rlughtôo`m` klcl oh sbtuhdbôc d`g` uc er`tl, y gl d`gucbdh qul slmñc ohs prulehs kbhmcôsdhs rlhobzhkhs p`r loo`s, tlcm` qul lgplzhr h ushr sbooh kl rulkhs, d`ckbdbôc qul rldnhdl thahctlglctl y gl oolvô h bcvlsmhr h trhvâs kl bctlrclt t`k` o` d`cdlrcblctl h gb lcflrglkh lcflrglkhk, k, y sus kbsct`s trhthgblct`s. trhthgblct`s. Lgpldâ d`c uch kblth hodhobch qul, slmñc o`s lstukb`s rlhobzhk`s, fucdb`ch thct` phrh gç d`g` phrh `tr`s phkldbgblct`s, o` qul sudlkl d`c lst` ls qul tho vlz sus elcldb`s sl rldbelc h guy ohrm` pohz`, d`gpolglct` gb kblth d`c pr`kudt`s chturhols d`g` ghmclsb`, zbcd, dhodb`, y `tr`s gbclrhols y vbthgbchs qul sâ qul gb dulrp` rlqublrl. \c kçh bcvlsmhck` bcvlsmhck` gl lcd`ctrâ d`c bcf`rghdbôc kl o` qul lc lsl lgp` sl oohgheh, Tupolglct` Gbclrho Gbohmr`s`, pr`kudt` qul p`r su c`gerl c` gl nhdçh plcshr sbc` lc `tr` gès kl dnhrohthcls yh qul t`k` o` qul gl s`chrh h gbohmr`s` c` klsplrtheh d`chczh lc gç. Tbc lgehrm` rld`pbohck` oh mrhc dhckhk kl tlsg`cb`s p`sbv`s, qul kl kbscths fulctls fulctls sl lcdulctrhc lc oh ]le, s`erl o`s elcldb`s klo GGT kldbkç pr`fuckbzhr gb bcvlsmhdbôc y ful lc lsl g`glct` k`ckl h trhvâs kl o`s vbkl`s qul lcd`ctrâ klo slø`r Hckrlhs Oukwbm Jhodjlr, qublc hp`rth ehsl dblcdh klo GGT lc lo dulrp`, gl d`cvlcdç y kldbkç pr`ehro`. Gl rlbcd`rp`râ h gb vbkh ohe`rho. Lc lo prlslctl, dhgbc` sbc ehstôc, gb erhz` klrldn` sl nh rlduplrhk` c`theolglctl y lo k`o`r lc lo kbsgbcuyô lc uc =9% y hucqul t`khvçh lst`y guy ola`s kl slr uch plrs`ch d`gpolthglctl shch, sb pulk` 822 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh khr fl qul mrhdbhs ho GGT rlhobz` gbs d`shs p`r gb gbsg`. Lgpldâ culvhglctl h slr uch plrs`ch pr`kudvh, yh pulk` hozhr h gb cbøh kl trldl glsls kl chdbkh, y s`erl t`k` ghctlcm` uch lsplrhczh kl qul lc homñc g`glct` pulk` oolmhr h lsthr t`thoglctl shc`. Fulctl1 np1//k`duglcts.ps/k`duglcts/ggs-tlsg`cb`sk`dx.ntgo C H Ow Jj Jj1 1 R` gbsg` tuvl `dhsbôc kl lxplrbglcthro`. Nhdl lgp` qul phkldç uch hrtrbs rlught`bkl lc ohs ghc`s, lcflrglkhk qul gl bgplkçh klshrr`oohr kl f`rgh hklduhkh gb trheha` y ohs hdvbkhkls kl gb vbkh d`kbhch. Oolmô uc g`glct` lc lo qul sufrçh thct` k`o`r, ¡qul c` lrh dhphz kl sualthr cb sbqublrh uch shrtâc! Ylrlmrbcâ kl gâkbd` lc gâkbd` y kl doçcbdh lc doçcbdh, y o` ñcbd` qul pukblr`c nhdlr p`r gç ful rldlthrgl glkbdhglct`s qul qubthehc lo k`o`r, plr` qul Ful c` durhehc, y d`c uc`s lfldt`s slduckhrb`s clfhst`s. lc hqulooh âp`dh duhck`, h trhvâs kl uc hgbm`, gl sumbrblr`c qul ushrh uc rlglkb` d`c`dbk` d`g` ‟gbclrho gbohmr`s`‟, hucqul lo c`gerl c` gl nbz` cbcmuch mrhdbh y, s`o` d`c `çro`, gl ldnô phrh htrès. Duhck` oolmô h dhsh lo phqultl, ol t`dô h culstrh plrrbth nhdlr kl d`claboo` kl Bckbhs. Oh p`erl yh lstheh guy ghy`r y lcflrgh, y hplchs sl g`vçh. D`g` gudn`, glclheh lo rhebt` phrh shoukhr klskl su dhgh, p`rqul sl phsheh t`k` lo kçh tugehkh. Yrlphrâ oh glzdoh, y sl oh kb h elelr d`c uch alrbcmubooh. D`g` lrh kl lsplrhr, c` ol mustô chkh, p`rqul lo GGT (kbôxbk` kl do`r`) nulol h olaçh, hucqul c` o` ls. Fulrh kl t`k` pr`côsd`, ho kçh sbmublctl oh plrrbth sl lcd`ctrheh gla`r qul cucdh, d`rrblck` p`r t`k` lo ahrkçc y d`c uch lclrmçh bgprlsb`chctl. Ol v`ovç h khr lo erlehal, qul slmuçh sbc musthrol, y sl phsô gès kl glkbh thrkl d`gblck` gès dâsplk qul uch vhdh. Lo dhs` ls qul gla`rô kl tho ghclrh, qul hdheô durhkh kl t`k`s sus ghols. Hsç qul c` gl qulkô gès rlglkb` qul pr`ehro` y` thgebâc. Lc hqulooh âp`dh, lo pr`t`d`o` t`khvçh d`csbsh lc suebr oh k`sbs phuohchglctl, nhsth 8< m`ths hdvhkhs (8< m`ths kl do`rbt` y 8< m`ths kl hdvhk`r). Lgpldâ h t`ghro` p`d` h p`d` y thpèck`gl oh chrbz… R o` qul phrldçh bgp`sbeol, sl nbz` rlhobkhk1 ¡lo GGT fucdb`cô! N`y pulk` v`ovlr h t`dhr lo pbhc` `trh vlz. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (KGT@) lc ohs z`chs hfldthkhs kurhctl 4 glsls. 599 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Hrtr`sbs Ohhrtr`sbs, lcflrglkhk kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls uch lcflrglkhk drôcbdh klmlclrhvh qul pr`kudl oh hotlrhdbôc klstrudvh kl o`s dhrohm`s kl ohs hrduohdb`cls. [hgebâc oohghkh oohgh kh ‟rlugh klo klsmhstl‗, klsmhstl‗, ls kl ‟supulsthglctl‗ `rbmlc gldècbd` gld ècbd` c` bchght`rb`, d`g` oh hrtrbs. Oh hrtr`sbs, lc fhsls hvhczhkhs, hvhczhkhs, pr`v`dh klf`rgbkhk. klf`rgbkhk. Ohs hrduohdb`cls gès hfldthkhs hfldthk hs s`c1 vârtlerhs dlrvbdhols, ougehrls, dhklrhs, ghc`s, r`kboohs, t`eboo`s. Mlclrhoglctl hphrldl klspuâs kl uc lsfulrz` s`stlcbk` y klshphrldl lc rlp`s`. Tç1 K`o`r1 klebk` h oh klmlclrhdbôc klo dhrohm` y lo r`dl kl o`s k`s nuls`s klscuk`s. Ho prbcdbpb` kl oh lcflrglkhk sulol hphrldlr ho g`vlr oh hrduohdbôc y klshphrldl lc rlp`s`, plr` duhck` oh lcflrglkhk lstè hvhczhkh, hphrldl lc rlp`s`. Ho k`o`r pulklc sughrsl1 druabk`s, p`r fhoth kl ouerbdhdbôc y lcshcdnhgblct` kl oh hrduohdbôc: klf`rghdbôc, p`r lo drldbgblct` ohtlrho kl o`s nuls`s: bchghdbôc y lklghs, p`r bchghdbôc y hdñguo`s kl oçqubk` y rbmbklz trhs plrç`k`s kl bchdvbkhk. [1 G H Tèz V (D) — 85/88/84 N`oh Hcmâobdh qublr` d`cthrol qul oolv` ;< kçhs t`ghck` lo GGT y o`s rlsuothk`s s`c guy eulc`s. Lst`y guy d`ctlcth y hmrhkldbkh kl nhelr shebk` klo ggs. R` lstheh d`c hrtr`sbs kl ghc`s guy gu y slvlrh, c` p`kçh rlhobzhr gbs ohe`rls kl dhsh, puls t`k` o` qul t`gheh sl gl dhçh ho sulo`, lrhc uc`s k`o`rls tlrrbeols. Tl gl k`rgçhc ohs ghc`s y gl khehc dhohgerls klghsbhk` k`o`r`s`s. O`s gâkbd`s s`o` gl rldlthehc phrhdlthg`o y kbdo`flchd` d`c o`s duhols yh c` sl gl phshehc o`s k`o`rls. Gl nbdblr`c uc`s lxèglcls y qul gl kltldthr`c oh gbsgh lcflrglkhk, plr` hn`rh lc dhklrhs y r`kboohs, hphrtl qul tlcm` uch kbheltls y d`c thct` hcbchght`rb` hcbchght `rb` sl gl lstheh khøhck` lo rbøôc bzqublrk`. Lstheh thc nbcdnhkh, qul gbs ghc`s y pbls phrldçhc rlvlcthr. Kl pr`ct` sl gl prlslct` oh `p`rtucbkhk kl d`c`dlr h uch plrs`ch qul gl nheoô kl ggs, gl kb` su tloâf`c` y oohgl. O` lgpldâ h t`ghr y duhck` beh lc lo duhrt` kçh lgpldâ h c`thrKlshphrldblr`c lo dhgeb`. Nh sbk` ghrhvboo`s` ghrhvboo p`klr v`ovlr h uobzhr gbs ghc`s kl culv`. o`s k`o`rls y`s` oh nbcdnhzôc, hklgès gbs mobdlgbhs sl ghclclc dhsb c`rghols. ¡Gl sblct` thc eblc! Gb vbkh nh dhgebhk` gudn`, lst`y guy d`ctlcth kl nhelr t`ghk` lo GGT. 598 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Gudnhs mrhdbhs h oh plrs`ch qul gl nheoô kl lstl ghrhvboo`s` pr`kudt` gbohmr`s`, y mrhdbhs h Hcmâobdh X\L KB@T [L ELCKBMH. D`c dhrbø`1 Ghrçh Hobdbh Tèlz Vbkho Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/5984/88/85/tlsg`cb`-kl-hrtr`sbs-y-kb`xbk`-kldo`r`/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (KGT@) kurhctl 4 glsls. Hsgh Lo hsgh, lcflrglkhk kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls dhushkh p`r uch bchghdbôc kl ohs vçhs rlspbrht`rbhs. Lc ohs plrs`chs d`c vçhs rlspbrht`rbhs slcsbeols, o`s sçct`ghs kl hsgh pulklc klslcdhklchrsl p`r oh bcnhohdbôc kl susthcdbhs oohghkhs hoârmlc`s ` klslcdhklchctls. Ohs vçhs rlspbrht`rbhs gès chs pulklc kbsgbcubr `dhsb`cho y rlvlrsbeolglctl, ho d`ctrhlrsl su gusduohturh obsh ` p`r lcshcdnhgblct` kl su gud`sh, p`r o` mlclrho lc rlspulsth h uc` ` gès fhdt`rls klslcdhklchctls, d`g` oh lxp`sbdbôc h uc glkb` hgeblctl bchklduhk` (frç`, nñglk` `holrmâcbd` `holrmâcbd`), ), lo lalrdbdb` ` lsfulrz` lc phdblctls nbplrrlhdv`s, ` lo lstrâs lg`db`cho. Lc o`s cbø`s o`s klslcdhklchctls gès frldulctls s`c ohs lcflrglkhkls d`gucls d`g` hquloohs qul dhushc lo rlsfrbhk` d`gñc. Tç1 O`s sçct`ghs gès dhrhdtlrçsd`s klo hsgh er`cqubho s`c oh kbsclh ` kbduothk rlspbrht`rbh kl bctlcsbkhk y kurhdbôc vhrbheol y d`c oh prlslcdbh kl lsphsg`s er`cqubhols, nhebtuhoglctl hd`gphøhk`s kl t`s, sldrldb`cls gud`shs y rlspbrhdbôc sbebohctl ` uc phtrôc hc`rgho kl oh rlspbrhdbôc d`c lxnhohdb`cls qul kurhc lo k`eol qul ohs bcnhohdb`cls. [hgebâc sl dhrhdtlrbzh p`r oh rbmbklz t`rèdbdh lc lo phdblctl. Lc homuc`s phdblctls lst`s sçct`ghs pulklc slr slvlr`s y kurhr vhrb`s kçhs ` slghchs. [1 ] F (Dè) — 54/89/8< Dhrth lcvbhkh h oh rlp`rtlrh kl c`dbhs Dbcky Mhoob 595 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Yr`eheolglctl lo GGT nh shovhk` oh vbkh kl gb nbah. Nhdl < hø`s gb nbah oolmô h uc puct` kl drbsbs1 \ch d`gebchdbôc kl hsgh y oh bcflddbôc qul rlsuotô lc su bchghdbôc kl oh mhrmhcth dhsb dlrrhkh ‛nhdblck` dhsb bgp`sbeol oh bcmlsôc y oh rlspbrhdbôc -, d`c mrhc k`o`r, bcmrlshkh lc n`spbtho lc râmbglc B/V kl hcebôd`s. Lst` sl d`cvbrô lc Klspuâs uc trhthgblct` d`csl k`s vbsbths p`r lo kçhtrhthgblct`. kurhctl uc O`s phr kl n`rhs lc lo B/V. kl trlskbhrb`, slghchs bctlrrugpbô sçct`ghs plrsbslr`c lc glc`r mrhk`, plr` lo us` kl hcebôd`s sl tlcçhc qul kltlclr. [`gô vhrb`s glsls v`ovlr h oh c`rghobkhk. \c hø` gès thrkl, gb nbah sl vbc` h vbvbr d`cgbm`. \c`s glsls gès thrkl lo hsgh v`ovbô hñc gès hmrlsbvh. Gl pbkbô qul oh oolvhrh ho n`spbtho, uch vlz gès, sbc lgehrm`, bctlctâ d`cvlcdlroh phrh d`glczhr uc trhthgblct` d`c GGT. (Oh T`oudbôc Gbclrho Gbohmr`sh qul hprlckç kl Abg Nugeol.) Lrh uc vblrcls p`r oh c`dnl duhck` d`glczô 4-; vldls p`r kçh. Lo k`gbcm` hñc c` nheçh gla`rhk` y gb nbah pbkbô uch vlz gès qul sl ol oolvhrh ho n`spbtho. D`c oh lxplrblcdbh qul nheçh tlcbk` nhdçh uc hø`, ol pr`gl qul sb c` nheçh uch gla`rh, phrh lo oucls oh oolvhrçh. H oh ghøhch sbmublctl lstheh lcdhcthkh p`rqul sl slch gudn` gla`r y kldbkbô h d`ccuhr d`c lo GGT. Yhrh lo aulvls aulvls sl lcd`ctrheh kl vuloth h oh c`rghobkhk, d`c eulch shouk. Cucdh v`ovbô h tlclr lpbs`kb`s hsgèd`s. Homñc plqulø` lpbs`kb` lc o`s sbmublctls 5 hø`s y klskl lct`cdls cbcmñc sçct`gh lc hes`out`, kurhctl uc`s trls hø`s. GGT nh o`mrhk` lc glc`s kl uch slghch, o` qul trls slghchs lc râmbglc kl hcebôd`s c` nbdblr`c. Y`r c` nheohr kl oh s`oudbôc kurhklrh klo pr`eolgh. pr`eolgh. Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/d`gp`clct/altlsg`cbho/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` N (nhebthdbôc). Lc homuc`s dhs`s pulkl slr dhushk` p`r phrèsbt`s y sl hpobdhrçh lo pr`t`d`o` Y (phrèsbt`s). Hutbsg` Lo husg`, lcflrglkhk kl dhush `dbhoglctl klsd`c`dbkh (hucqul sl shel qul fhrghdâudh ls dhushk` lcldhz su ghy`rçh vhduchs, s`erl t`k` oh vçrbdh) y sbc s`oudbôc p`r oh p`r glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho lstrbpol uc trhst`rc` kl dhush bhtr`mlcbdh klo klshrr`oo` qul hfldth oh s`dbhobzhdbôc, oh d`gucbdhdbôc, oh 594 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh bghmbchdbôc, oh pohcbdhdbôc y oh rldbpr`dbkhk lg`db`cho, y lvbklcdbh d`ckudths rlplvhs ` bcusuhols. O`s sçct`ghs, lc mlclrho, s`c oh bcdhphdbkhk kl bctlrhddbôc s`dbho, lo hbsohgblct` y ohs lstlrl`pbh lstlrl`pbhss (g`vbgblct`s bcd`ctr`ohk`s kl homuch lxtrlgbkhk, mlclrhoglctl ohs ghc`s). phrtl o`s trhst`rc`s klo lspldtr` husth ([LH)1 lo trhst`rc` husth, F`rghc lo sçckr`gl klkl hsplrmlr, lo trhst`rc` klsbctlmrhv` bcfhco y lo trhst`rc` mlclrhobzhk` klo klshrr`oo`. Tç1 O`s sbmublctls pulklc slr sçct`ghs kl husg` bcfhco. Bcbdbhoglctl nbplrslcsbebobkhk hukbvh: lc gudn`s dhs`s lvbth lo d`cthdt` vbsuho d`c ohs plrs`chs: sl qulkh gbrhck` a` h chkh, lc d`cdrlt` ` h uc `ealt` bchcbghk`: c` rlsp`ckl hctl lsguo`s vlrehols, mlstuhols y s`dbhols: c` prlsth bctlrâs phrh o`s aulm`s d`g` o`s klgès cbø`s: c` hkqublrl, hkqublrl thrkçhglctl ` pblrkl lo nheoh, lxplrbglcth hcmush duhck` ol dhgebhc ohs ruchs, lfldtñh g`vbgblct`s d`rp`rhols rlplv`s, gulstrh hplm`s h `ealt`s, ls bcdhphz kl ghctlclr uch d`cvlrshdbôc, c` nhdl hgbm`s, c` phrdbph lc aulm`s bctlrhdv`s, lvbth lo d`cthdt` sbd` p`rqul ls guy lsguohctl ` herughk`r, lcl bctlrlsls rlstrbdv`s qul ol d`csuglc gudnh htlcdbôc y d`cdlctrhdbôc. [1 K (\) — ;/;/86 Kyhch, ghgè kl Mherblo (cbø` rlduplrhk` t`thoglctl kl husg`). \ch kl ohs ghkrls kl gès kl 4<9 cbø`s rlduplrhk`s d`c rlgbsbôc t`tho. Mherblo chdbô sblck` uc cbø` c`rgho. D`c 5 hø`s ol kbhmc`sdhr`c ‟husg` slvlr`‗. Duhck` qulrçh nheohr c` sl lctlckçh o` qul kldçh y lrh uch hcmush guy mrhckl. Ho trhthr kl nheohr, sl hcmusheh p`rqul c` ol shoçh y âo bctlctheh d`gucbdhrsl,, plr` c` p`kçh. Lct`cdls lgpldâ d`gucbdhrsl lgpld â h bcvlsmhr quâ lrh o` qul ol lstheh phshck` y o` oolvâ h o`s gâkbd`s, h oh gutuhobsth. O`s gâkbd`s gl kbalr`c qul ls` lrh uc trhst`rc` klo lspldtr` husth. Tl c`s vbc` lo guck` lcdbgh. ‟C` pulkl slr‗, plcsâ y` ‟sb kbdlc qul lo husg` ls mlcâd` y nlrlkbthrb`‗ y c` nhy chkbl lc gb fhgbobh cb lc oh kl gb lsp`s` qul tlcmh husg`, chkbl lcl pr`eolghs kl hprlckbzhal. hprlckbz hal. °Dôg` pulkl slr lst`0 Hklgès c`s kldçhc qul lrh bcdurheol… qul pulkl oolmhr h gla`rhr d`c lo lgp`, plr` qul vh h tlclr ls`s sçct`ghs sblgprl, vh h lsthr d`c lsh kbduothk phrh d`gucbdhrsl, d`c lsh kbduothk phrh oolmhr ho `tr`, phrh d`gprlcklr ho `tr`, lshs kbduothkls ohs vh h hdhrrlhr t`kh su vbkh y ful uc pls` guy mrhckl, kldbr h uc phkrl ‟Tu nba` lcl husg` y qul tl lctrlmulc lo phqultl‗. Mrhdbhs h gb ghkrl qul sblgprl gl kba` ‟cucdh tl qulkls d`c oh `pbcbôc kl o`s klgès, v`s s`bs guy bctlobmlctl, bcvlsmh qul vhs h lcd`ctrhr‗, y hklgès oh psbdôo`mh kl Mherblo gl kba`1 ‟bcvlsmul, ghkrl, qul y` oh vl` qul \k. ls 59; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; guy bcqublth. Bcvlsmul qul \k. vh h lcd`ctrhr. Nhy kblths, nhy trhthgblct`s eb`gâkbd`s, nhy kblths qul nhc gla`rhk` oh sbtuhdbôc. Lct`cdls lgpldâ h bcvlsmhr lc bctlrclt y lcd`ctrâ lo pr`t`d`o` KHC, oh kblth MHYT. Nhy gudnhs kblths qul lcsløhc dôg` fucdb`ch lsth lcflrglkhk, qul ls uch bct`xbdhdbôc erutho h cbvlo bctlscho. Lo glrdurb`, lo prbcdbpho dhushctl kl o`s sçct`ghs lo klohougbcb`, husg`.lo po`g`, plr` lo glrdurb` ls Lo ‟kbôxbk` ‟kbôxbk` kl do`r`‗ c`s dhgebô oh vbkh p`rqul hklgès, d`c`dblck` t`khs ohs hpobdhdb`cls qul lcl phrh `trhs lcflrglkhkls. D`glczhg`s h t`ghro` y t`k`s c`s rlduplrhg`s kl kbscths k`olcdbhs. Vlg`s h Mherblo flobz, su nlrghch thgebâc lstè flobz. [blcl uch nlrghcbth qul lcl k`s hø`s y lstèc flobdls o`s k`s y c` nhy ghy`r flobdbkhk phrh uc phkrl y uch ghkrl qul tlclr o`s nba`s shc`s. Hdtuhoglctl lcl slbs hø`s y lstè d`ctlct`. Lstè durhk`, ho puct` kl qul o` oolvâ lo `tr` kçh ho d`ctr`o kl shouk y ho chobzhr, prlmuctâ sb ol vlçhc homñc rhsm` kl husg` h gb nba` y gl d`ctlsthr`c1 ‟Ghkrl, °dôg` vh h kldbr ls`0 Ls uc cbø` plrfldthglctl shc`, holmrl, flobz. °duèct`s cbø`s oolmhc flobdls h uc d`ctr`o gâkbd`0‗ Fulctl1 nps1//y`utu.el/qD9=gz5nzyL [rhthgblct`1 Lo trhthgblct` bckbdhk` ls lo pr`t`d`o` Y (phrèsbt`s) y nhsth oh fldnh sl nhc p`kbk` rlduplrhr gès kl 4<9 cbø`s k`duglcthk`s d`c c`gerl y hploobk`. Uld`gblck` d`cthdthr d`c o`s mrup`s Fhdle``j kl phkrls hfldthk`s d`g` p`r lalgpo` ‟phrhsbt`sbs husth kl bcdb`‗ u `tr`s qul lstèc lc gb pèmbch wle www.hckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g ` d`g` hotlrchvh www.dkhusg. `rm. Lc lo ober` kl Jlrrb Ubvlrh lstè klsdrbt` lo trhthgblct` trhthgblct` d`c gès klthool. Er`cqubtbs Oh er`cqubs ls uch bchghdbôc l nbcdnhzôc klo rldueblrt` kl o`s er`cqub`s qul d`cldthc oh trèqulh h o`s puog`cls, pr`v`dhck` qul lctrl glc`s hbrl. Oh er`cqubs hmukh (EH) dhsb sblgprl hphrldl klspuâs kl nhelr tlcbk` uc rlsfrbhk` ` lcflrglkhk mrbpho,phrhchshols, y lstè dhushkh p`rhcth uc vbrus, qul hfldth oh rlmbôc chsho, oulm` h o`s slc`s h oh mhrm mhrmhcth y choglctl h ohs hvçhs rlspbrht`rbhs d`cldthkhs d`c o`s puog`cls. Oh er`cqubs drôcbdh (ED) ls uch hflddbôc pr`o`cmhkh. 59< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Tç1 G`olsh lc lo pldn`, t`s d`c gud`sbkhk, h vldls shcmubc`olcth. Tb lo g`d` kl oh er`cqubs ls vlrkl hghrboolct` y vh hd`gphøhk` kl lerl, o` gès pr`eheol ls qul nhyh bcflddbôc ehdtlrbhch, pbk`s ` sbebohcdbhs, fhmh, eureual`, kbduothk rlspbrht`rbh, gholsthr mlclrho, lerl, usuhoglctl ehah. Lc oh er`cqubs drôcbdh, thgebâc pulklc prlslcthrsl o`s sbmublctls sçct`ghs1 Bchghdbôc kl t`eboo`s, pbls y pblrchs, d`o`rhdbôc hzuohkh kl o`s oheb`s pr`v`dhkh p`r o`s eha`s cbvlols kl `xçmlc` lc shcmrl. [1 Hô - </;/84 Lo phshk` bcvblrc` gl kbhmc`sdhr`c er`cqubs y prbcdbpb` kl clug`cçh, c` ls oh prbglrh vlz qul gl `durrl, gl rldlthr`c d`g` lc `trhs `dhsb`cls hcebôd` y d`rs`ch (o` pbd`), hge`s glkbdhglct`s gl pr`v`dhc slck`s lfldt`s slduckhrb`s, plr` lc lsth `dhsbôc, yh d`c`dçh lo GGT. Gl o` t`gâ slmñc lo pr`t`d`o` 8999, y lc uch slghch nheçh d`cslmubk` uch gla`rçh bcdrlçeol, hom` qul d`c pr`kudt`s fhrghdâud`s c` d`cslmuçh nhsth phshk` uc gls, y høhkblck` k`s glsls gès phrh klpurhr t`khs ohs t`xbchs pr`kudbkhs p`r o`s fèrghd`s. Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/5984/9;/9</er`cqubs-y-clug`cbh-tlsg`cb`ggs/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` N kurhctl 4 slghchs. Erudlo`sbs Oh Erudlo`sbs, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, thgebâc oohghkh lerl kl Ghoth, lerl glkbtlrrèclh, lerl `ckuohctl, ` lcflrglkhk kl Ehcm, ls uch lcflrglkhk bcflddb`sh kl kbstrbeudbôc guckbho, pr`kudbkh p`r ehdtlrbhs klo mâclr` Erudlooh, qul hthdh h vhrbhs lspldbls kl ghgçflr`s, klctr`bclspldçd`. kl o`s duhols sl lcdulctrh lo slr nughc`, lc lo duho pr`kudl uc duhkr` flerbo 596 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Tç1 Fblerl hoth y dhgeb`s erusd`s kl tlgplrhturh. [1 K K.. G E (H) — 89/</86 [lcm` <> hø`s, vbv` lc Glck`zh, Hrmlcch, y gl d`cthmbâ kl erudlo`sbs d`g` lcflrglkhk pr`flsb`cho pr`flsb`cho trhehahck` lc lo dhgp`. Lcflrgâ kl f`rgh guy hmukh d`c tuo` 8/699 d`c lerl, k`o`rls ltd. ltd. Oulm` kl 86 hø`s kl tuo` p`sbv` kl erudlo`sbs, prlvb` hddls` hdd ls` hmuk` y k`s trhthgblct`s trhthgblct`s d`c hcebôd`s p`r ;< kçhs dhkh uc`, gb tuo` ehaô h 8/<9 y sl ghctuv` hsç p`r vhrb`s hø`s. Lc lo hø` 598;, p`r `tr` g`v` y phrh pr`ehr, t`gâ GGT p`r 58 kçhs (pr`t`d`o` dhkh dblrt` lgp` gl nhdçh rlhddbôc kl Nukolss`c phrh d`ctr`ohr lo tuo`. Y`r hø`s lstuv` lc 8/>6, 8/<<, 8/<9. H cls kl 598< p`r `tr`s g`v`s gl nhm` hcèobsbs kl shcmrl kl ruch y pbk` Nukolss`c, BMM phrh erudlo`sbs l BMG phrh erudlo`sbs ‛s`o` phrh d`ctr`o ‛hpr`vldnhck` qul gl lxtrhçhc shcmrl phrh `tr`s lstukb`s. Bcdrlçeolglctl gl kb` CLMH[BV@ lo tuo` Nukolss`c y c` rlhdv` BMM l BMG. T`y vltlrbchrb` y sâ d`c slmurbkhk qul oh erudlo`sbs ahgès sl nhdl clmhvh, plrghcldl oh erudloh bctrhdlouohr kurhctl gudn`s hø`s y hctl oh ehah kl bcgucbkhk p`r mrbpl u `trh dhush sl rlhmukbzh oh erudlo`sbs, p`r ls` klel vbmbohrsl lo tuo` plrbôkbdhglct plrbôkbdhglctl. l. Lst` ls hom` hsç d`g` uc gbohmr` bclsplrhk`. Nhy p`dh bcf`rghdbôc s`erl GGT y erudlo`sbs lc Bctlrclt. Y`r ls` drl` qul ls guy bctlrlshc bctlrlshctl tl lo dhs` y gl `frlzd` sb ols rlsuoth bctlrlshctl lc t`k` o` qul pulkh hp`rthr phrh elcldb` kl o`s qul phkldlc erudlo`sbs. Ols hmrhklzd` qul sbmhc trhehahck` phrh eblc kl t`k`s! Fulctl1 np1//ggs8pous.eo`msp`t.d`g.ls/slhrdn/ohelo/Erudlo`sbs [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh. Eursbtbs Oh eursbs, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls oh bchghdbôc kl uchs e`oshs oolchs kl oçqubk` qul sl lcdulctrhc lctrl o`s gñsduo`s, tlck`cls y nuls`s, oohghkhs eurshs, y qul 59= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh hyukhc ho g`vbgblct` kl ohs hrduohdb`cls lvbthck` oh frbddbôc lctrl loohs. LO dulrp` nughc` lcl gès kl 8<9 eurshs, hucqul oh eursbs sl ghcblsth s`erl t`k` lc o`s n`ger`s, r`kboohs, dhklrhs, plovbs, d`k`s, guøldhs, klk`s kl o`s pbls y o`s tho`cls, ls kldbr lc hquloohs z`chs k`ckl lo g`vbgblct` hrduohr ls gès rlplv`. Tç1 K`o`r hrduohr y slcsbebobkhk s lcsbebobkhk qul sl ghcblsth ho prlsb`chr oh z`ch qul r`klh h oh hrduohdbôc, rbmbklz r bmbklz ho g`vlr ohs hrduohdb`cls hfldthkhs, lcr`aldbgblct` lcr`aldbgblct` kl oh z`ch, lc homuc`s dhs`s, d`c nbcdnhzôc y lerl. [1 T T (B) — 52/6/85 Nl lsthk` t`ghck` pr`t`d`o` GGT 8999 p`r 6 kçhs y n`y gl nl olvhcthk` sbc oh rbmbklz kl oh hrtrbs lc oh lsphokh ¡Tl nh bk`!!! Oh bchghdbôc kl oh eursbs yh sl nheçh bk` klspuâs klo slmuck` ` tlrdlr kçh. C` pulk` lsplrhr h klsplrthr ghøhch phrh vlr o` eblc qul gl sblct`. Drl` qul o` qul lstè nhdblck` y dôg` sl nhc bk` ho rlspldt` ls ¡¡¡hes`outhglctl ghrhvboo`s`!!! Elckbdb`cls y gbohmr`s. Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/d`gp`clct/altlsg`cbho/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) lc oh z`ch hfldthkh kurhctl 4 slghchs. Dèoduo` rlcho O`s târgbc`s dèoduo` rlcho, clfr`obhsbs, obhsbs rlcho y pblkrh lc lo rbøôc sl rllrlc h oh f`rghdbôc kl uc tr`z` kl ghtlrbho sôobk` klctr` klo rbøôc h phrr kl susthcdbhs qul lstèc lc oh `rbch. Oh pblkrh sl pulkl qulkhr lc lo rbøôc ` pulkl klsprlcklrsl l br ehahck` h trhvâs klo trhdt` urbchrb`. Oh bctlcsbkhk kl oh sbct`ght`o`mçh (k`o`r) lstè mlclrhoglctl rlohdb`chkh d`c lo thghø` klo dèoduo`. Lc `dhsb`cls sl pr`kudl su lxpuosbôc dhsb sbc sbct`ght`o`mçh. 59> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Tç1 Yulkl c` prlslcthro`s nhsth qul o`s dèoduo`s ehalc p`r o`s tue`s (urâtlrls) h trhvâs kl o`s duhols oh `rbch sl vhdçh nhdbh oh vlabmh, eo`qulhck` lo ua` kl `rbch. Lo prbcdbpho sçct`gh ls lo k`o`r bctlcs` qul d`gblczh y klshphrldl sñebthglctl y pulkl slr lc oh z`ch hek`gbcho ` lc uc d`sthk` kl oh lsphokh l brrhkbhrsl h oh z`ch kl oh bcmol (bcmubcho) ` h o`s tlsduo`s (tlsduohr). @tr`s sçct`ghs s`c1 d`o`r hc`rgho kl oh `rbch, `rbch, shcmr shcmrll lc oh `rbch, `rbch, lsdho`frç`s, lerl, cèuslhs y vôgbt`s. vôgb t`s. [1 Dhr`obch Ols d`glct` qul nl glzdohk` lo GGT d`c KGT@, y lstl gl plrgbô lobgbchr 5 dèoduo`s rlchols klo thghø` kl uc hrr`z. Nue` gudn` k`o`r, plr` shoblr`c y n`y o`s tlcm` muhrkhk`s kl rldulrk`. Klskl n`y d`glczhrl d`c lo trhthgblct` p`r pblo. Fulctl1 np1//`xb.b-`.d`g.hr/ np1//`xb.b-`.d`g.hr/lxplrblcdbhs-kl-usuhrb`s/ lxplrblcdbhs-kl-usuhrb`s/ [rhthgblct`1 Elelr 4 bcfusb`cls ho kçh kl oh pohcth r`gplpblkrhs ( Olpbkbug ohf`obug)) frlsdh, sb ls p`sbeol (thgebâc pulkl slrvbr ôxbk` kl ghmclsb` ohf`obug d`g` hotlrchvh, lc dhs` qul c` nhyh). \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` J d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, kurhctl 4 slghchs. Dhovbdbl Oh dhovbdbl, thgebâc oohghkh ho`pldbh, ls oh pârkbkh hc`rgho ` rhrlfhddbôc klo dheloo`. Yulkl hfldthr ho dulr` dheloouk` ` h `trhs z`chs kl oh pblo lc oh qul lxbstl plo`, d`g` ohs plsthøhs, dlahs, hxbohs, rlmbôc mlcbtho y ehreh. Oh ho`pldbh hckr`mâcbdh (mlcâdhglctl nlrlkhkh) ls oh gès d`gñc. Ohs gualrls thgebâc oh phkldlc hucqul lc glc`r pr`p`rdbôc y lc loohs oh pârkbkh kl dheloo` ls kl f`rgh kbfush, c` o`dhobzhkh, d`g` lc o`s n`gerls. Oh ho`pldbh kbfush sl pr`kudl klebk` h lcflrglkhkls d`g` hotlrhdb`cls r`bklhs, bcmlsth kl dblrt`s glkbdhglct`s (d`g` qubgb`tlrhpbh), dhgeb`s n`rg`chols, lstrâs ` uch hobglcthdbôc p`d` lquboberhkh. Tç1 Yârkbkh lxdlsbvh y hc`rgho klo dheloo`, hpr`xbghkhglctl kl gès kl dblc dheloo`s kbhrb`s. 592 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [1 T (De) Thgulo h phrr klo gls kl t`ghr GGT c` s`o` gla`r` kl su lsthk` kl shouk, (t`gheh d`rs`ch, sl qulkô sbc fulrzhs lc ohs pblrchs), sbc` qul c`tô d`g` rlduplrheh dheloo` lc k`ckl yh s`o` sl hprldbheh dhovbdbl. Fulctl1 nps1//f`r`.rlduplrhrloplo`.d`g/vblwt`pbd.pnp0t7;4>>6 D`glcthrb` klo hut`r1 Nhy qul kldbr oh vlrkhk1 sb lcls uch dhovbdbl dhovb dbl ho gès pur` lso` e`oh kl eboohr, lo kbôxbk` do`r` c` tl vh h klv`ovlr oh glolch klo olôc: sbc lgehrm`, uobzèck`o` duhck` lgpblzh oh dhçkh pr`eheolglctl frlch ` bcdous` phrh oh dhçkh, s`erl t`k` y sb ls p`r dhushs kl n`cm`s d`g` lc gudnhs ho`pldbhs flglcbchs. Yr`eheolglctl Yr`eheolglc tl thgebâc rlhdvh oh hdvbkhk gbt`d`ckrbho kl o`s f`oçduo`s. [rhthgblct`1 O` gès hklduhk` ls lo pr`t`d`o` K (klrght`oômbd`), hpobdhk` lc f`rgh kl sprhy vhrbhs vldls ho kçh lc oh z`ch hfldthkh hfldthkh kurhctl 4 glsls. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` H (hghtlur) ` D (DKT). Dècdlr d`o`rrldtho Lo dècdlr d`o`rrldtho, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, thgebâc oohghk` dècdlr kl d`o`c, ls uc p` kl dècdlr qul d`gblczh lc lo d`o`c ` lo rldt`, qul s`c phrtls klo bctlsc` mruls`, qul d`cstuylc oh phrtl bcflrb`r klo hphrht` kbmlsv`. Lo d`o`c hes`rel hmuh y cutrblctls kl o`s hobglct`s y hoghdlch klsnldn`s qul phshc klskl lo d`o`c nhdbh lo rldt` hctls kl shobr klo dulrp`. Tl pblcsh qul gudn`s kl o`s dhs`s kl dècdlr d`o`rrldtho chdlc kl uc pôobp` lc lo d`o`c. Lst`s drldbgblct`s dlouohrls lc f`rgh kl n`cm` s`c usuhoglctl elcbmc`s, plr` kl vlz lc duhck` sl vulovlc dhcdlr`s`s d`c lo lgp`. Lc oh ghy`rçh kl o`s dhs`s, lo kbhmcôsd` klo dècdlr o`dhobzhk` ls p`r d`o`c`sd`pbh. Lo trhthgblct` ls p`r o` mlclrho qubrñrmbd` y lc gudn`s dhs`s slmubk` p`r qubgb`tlrhpbh. Tç1 Dècdlr kl d`o`c klrldn` O`s sçct`ghs prbcdbphols s`c k`o`r hek`gbcho, sçckr`gl hcâgbd` y, `dhsb`choglctl, `dhsb`choglc tl, oh phophdbôc kl uc tug`r hek`gbcho. 589 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Lo k`o`r hek`gbcho `durrl lc gès klo 69% kl o`s phdblctls rlflrbk` lc oh gbthk klrldnh klo hek`glc. Lo sçckr`gl hcâgbd` `durrl thgebâc lc gès klo 69% kl o`s dhs`s y sl klel h pârkbkh d`ccuhkh, hucqul gçcbgh, kl shcmrl qul c` g`kbdh lo hspldt` kl ohs nldls, h phrr kl oh suplrdbl uodlrhkh klo tug`r. O`s phdblctls fhmh (dhcshcdb`, klebobkhk) phopbthdb`cls l bcdous` hcmbch kl pldn`rllrlc y sl ols klsduerl uch hclgbh gbdr`dçdh l nbp`dr`gh qul bckbdh uc kâdbt kl nblrr`. Dècdlr kl d`o`c bzqublrk` Y`r slr gès lstrldn`, lo k`o`r dôobd` lc hek`glc bcflrb`r pulkl hobvbhrsl d`c ohs klfldhdb`cls, lc lo dhs` kl homuc`s phdblctls pulkl klshrr`oohr hclgbh p`r fhoth kl nblrr` bmuho qul lc lo dhs` kl Dècdlr kl d`o`r klrldn` ls bgp`rthctl khrsl dulcth qul c` sôo` pblrkh shcmrl p`r ohs nldls sbc` thgebâc p`r `tr`s `rbdb`s klo dulrp` d`g` pulklc slr oh chrbz ` oh e`dh. Ls gès pr`eheol qul lst`s phdblctls c`tlc uc dhgeb` lc ohs klfldhdb`cls y lobgbchdbôc kl shcmrl r`ah erboohctl (rldt`rrhmbh (rldt`rrhmbh)) d`ckbdb`chk`s p`r oh rlkuddbôc kl oh ouz klo d`o`c. Lo drldbgblct` klo tug`r pulkl `doubr oh ouz bctlscho pr`v`dhck` uc duhkr` kl `estruddbôc bctlscho d`c k`o`r dôobd`, kbstlcsbôc hek`gbcho, vôgbt`s y dblrrl bctlscho. Dècdlr kl rldt`sbmgh D`g` ohs nldls sl vhc d`cdlctrhck` h glkbkh qul htrhvblshc lo d`o`c trhcsvlrs` trhcsvl rs` y lo d`o`c klsdlcklctl, o`s tug`rls o`dhobzhk`s h lstl cbvlo lcklc h bgplkbr su phs` ho lxtlrb`r lxtlrb`r,, o` qul `rbmbch uc k`o`r hek`gbcho p` dôobd`, h vldls d`c `estruddbôc bctlscho (bol` `estrudv`) l bcdous` d`c plrf`rhdbôc bctlscho. bctlscho. Lc lsth o`dhobzhdbôc ls frldulctl oh rldt`rrhmbh, tlclsg` rldtho y kbsgbcudbôc klo kbègltr` kl ohs nldls. Tbc lgehrm` lgehrm`,, oh hclgbh ls uc nhoohzm` bcfrldulctl. bcfrldulctl. [1 N Cv Røz (D) — ;/2/85 Gb oohg` Nbokh Chvhrrltl Rèølz, tlcm` 6> hø`s y rlsbk` lc Thc Dhro`s, VBBB Ulmbôc (Dnbol). Lc Auob` kl 5988 fub kbhmc`sdhkh kl dècdlr kl d`o`c klrldn` p`r o` qul fub `plrhkh sbc hdlpthr qubgb`tlrhpbh cb rhkb`tlrhpbh. Lo 6 kl slplgerl kl 5988 gl d`cthdtl d`c GGT Dnbol d`c oh Trh. Hcmâobdh D`sth D`rrlh yd`c glGGT5. rld`glckô Yr`t`d`o` lclghs GGT, d`gebcèck`o` C` fullofèdbo, tuvl gbs5999, drbsbs gès durhvhs plr`d`c cucdh gl rlckç sblgprl tuvl gudnh Fl lc lstl Gbclrho lc qul gl beh h durhr. 588 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Gl khehc ohs drbsbs durhvhs y ehaheh k`sbs y oulm` bctlctheh suebr `trh vlz. Oulm` kl ; glsls t`ghck` lo GGT, gl t`gâ uc`s lxèglcls y ho vlr o`s rlsuothk`s c` o` p`kçh drllr. Oh holmrçh ful lc`rgl. Lsthehc guy eulc`s plr` fhotheh uc p`d` gès… Hnç bcd`rp`rl ohs dhpsuohs GGT5, s`o` o`mrl t`ghr 5 dhpsuohs kçh d`c ohs d`gbkhs, s`o` 8y frhsd` kllxèglcls 899 dhpsuohs. Tlmuçhoklahck` phshr uc lgp` gl nbdl kl d`gpr`ehdbôc lc herbo kl 5985 y slmuçh ehahck` gb hcmlc` dhrdbc`lgerb`chrb`. R oh mrhc c`dbh oh tuvl lc hm`st` kl 5985 lcd`ctrèck`gl hn`rh klctr` kl o`s rhcm`s c`rghols, o` qul sbmcbdh qul gb dècdlr nh sbk` lrrhkbdhk`. Xublr` khr ohs mrhdbhs h GGT-DNBOL h Hcmâobdh qul sblgprl gl htlckbô guy dhrbø`shglctl. Hkauct` gbs lxèglcl lxèglcls. s. Fulctl1 nps1//ggsobchrlsghuol.w`rkprlss.d`g/5985/92/9;/tlsg`cb`kl-shchdb`c-kl-dhcdlr-kl-d`o`c/ C 1 Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul lo GGT5 pulkl dhushr lfldt`s slduckhrb`s fulrtls y lo hut`r sl kbsthcdbh kl su us` sbc d`ctr`o gâkbd`. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` U (rldtho d`c plrbooh) kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Kl c`dnl sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh), hotlrchck` lo sbmublctl kçh d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). D`g` t`k`s o`s pr`t`d`o`s kl dècdlr, pulkl slr hd`gphøhk` p`r bcfusb`cls kl hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbh hccuh hccuh) ‛< m ho kçh‛ y oh bcmlsth kl 8< m kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch frlsdh. Ls lslcdbho slmubr uch kblth hklduhkh hcdhcdlrçmlch, ehah lc hzñdhrls y `trhs susthcdbhs qul hdbkbdhc lo dulrp`, y qul klel slr hkhpthkh, slmñc ohs dbrducsthcdbhs, h dhkh phdblctl. Dècdlr kl lsôfhm` Lo dècdlr kl lsôfhm`, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, d`cvlcdb`cho, lstè khk` p`r lo drldbgblct` kl uc tug`r dhcdlr`s` lc lo lsôfhm`, qul ls lo d`ckudt` qul trhcsp`rth lo hobglct` klskl oh e`dh nhsth lo lstôghm`. 585 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Lxbstlc k`s p`s prbcdbphols1 lo ls`fèmbd` lsdhg`dlouohr qul lstè hs`dbhk` d`c lo thehqubsg` y lo d`csug` kl hod`n`o y lo hklc`dhrdbc`gh, qul ls lo p` gès d`gñc kl dècdlr ls`fèmbd`. O`s tug`rls plqulø`s y o`dhobzhk`s p`r o` mlclrho s`c trhthk`s qubrñrmbdhglctl, gblctrhs qul o`s tug`rls hvhczhk`s ‟`eobmhc‗ qubgb`tlrhpbh, rhkb`tlrhpbh d`gebchdbôc kl hge`s. Lo pr`côsd`hklplckl lctrl `trhs d`shs kl` ohuch lxtlcsbôc klo tug`r y kl ohs d`gpobdhdb`cls gâkbdhs hs`dbhkhs. Tç1 G`vbgblct` kl klv`oudbôc klv`oud bôc klo hobglct` h trhvâs klo lsôfhm` y p`sbeolglctl oh e`dh (rlmurmbthdbôc), k`o`r t`rèdbd` qul c` lcl rlohdbôc d`c lo nldn` kl d`glr, kbduothk phrh klmour sôobk`s ` oçqubk`s, hdbklz mèstrbdh, vôgbt`s kl shcmrl y pârkbkh kl pls`. [1 H Yw (Cv Q) Q) — 4/85/85 Ylrkç h gb ghkrl d`c dècdlr ‛c` sheçh o` sudblctl hdlrdh kl GGT lc lo g`glct` kl ushro`. Hn`rh lst`y trhthck` kl hyukhr h gb phkrl h suplrhr lo dècdlr klo lsôfhm`. Nhdl 8> glsls qul ol kbhmc`sdhr`c lo dècdlr. [blcl >5 hø`s y o`s k`dt`rls lsthehc ehsthctl clmhv`s. Ylr` 8> glsls klspuâs, hquç lsthg`s. Drl` qul oh rhzôc p`r oh qul o` lstè nhdblck` thc eblc, ls p`rqul 5 hø`s hctls kl qul âo fulrh kbhmc`sdhk` klo dècdlr, lstheh t`ghck` GGT, d`c lo pr`t`d`o` hcmu` kl uch k`sbs kl 8< m`ths p`r oh ghøhch y `trhs p`r oh c`dnl. Drl` qul nh lsthk` lc uch eulch p`sbdbôc. Tu tug`r c` nh drldbk` ` lxtlckbk lxtlckbk` ` klskl lo kbhmcôsd`. O`s gâkbd`s lstèc d`cfuckbk`s hucqul phrh loo`s lo tug`r sbmul hnç y sbmul sblck` plobmr`s`. Lo Yr`t`d`o` qul lstè oolvhck` ls lo culv` pr`t`d`o` 5999 sbc GGT5, yh qul c` pulkl trhmhr ohs dèpsuohs. T`y plrslvlrhctl, plr` ls kbdbo h vldls y fèdbo kl rlcucdbhr duhck` lo GGT ol lstè nhdblck` slcr gho. Homuchs vldls ho nhelr thct`s pr`t`d`o`s ls herughk`r phrh lo dubkhk`r (GGT8 / GGT5 / DKT / KGT@… bcmlrbro`, ehøhrsl, lclghs, ltd.). Fulctl1 nps1//m5df`rug.`rm/bcklx.pnp/obst/mlclrho-kbsdussb`c/ 5<929-ls`pnhmus-dhcdlr-sthml-5 [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` 584 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (KGT@) kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Kl c`dnl sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). D`g` t`k`s o`s pr`t`d`o`s kl dècdlr, pulkl slr hd`gphøhk` p`r bcfusb`cls kl hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbh hccuh hccuh) ‛< m ho kçh‛ y oh bcmlsth kl 8< m kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch frlsdh. Ls lslcdbho slmubr uch kblth hklduhkh hcdhcdlrçmlch, ehah lc hzñdhrls y `trhs susthcdbhs qul hdbkbdhc lo dulrp`, y qul klel slr hkhpthkh, slmñc ohs dbrducsthcdbhs, h dhkh phdblctl. Dècdlr mèstrbd` (lstôghm`) Lo dècdlr mèstrbd` ls uch lcflrglk lcflrglkhk hk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho. Kbsct`s p`s kl drldbgblct` tug`rho ghobmc` pulklc `durrbr lc lo lstôghm`. Lo gès d`gñc sl klc`gbch hklc`dhrdbc`gh. Lstl dècdlr d`gblczh h phrr kl uc` kl o`s p`s kl dâouohs qul sl lcdulctrhc lc lo rlvlsgblct` klo lstôghm`. Tç1 Lo dècdlr kl lstôghm` pulkl slr kbdbo kl kltldthr lc sus bcbdb`s yh qul h glcuk` c` nhy sçct`ghs, y lc gudn`s dhs`s, lo dècdlr sl nh lxtlckbk` hctls kl qul sl lcdulctrl. Duhck` `durrlc o`s sçct`ghs, s`c h glcuk` thc kbsdrlt`s qul oh plrs`ch c` sl prl`duph p`r loo`s. Yulkl dhushr o`s sbmublctls lfldt`s1 gholsthr ` k`o`r hek`gbcho (qul pulkl `durrbr klspuâs kl uch d`gbkh plquløh), cèuslhs y vôgbt`s, kbhrrlh ` lstrløbgblct`, pârkbkh klo hplt`, klebobkhk y fhmh, shcmrhk`s bcnhebtuhols, dhgeb`s lc lo rbtg` bctlscho ` urbchrb`, nlrbkhs qul thrkhc lc dbdhtrbzhr, kbduothk phrh bcmlrbr hobglct`s, dhgeb`s rlplcc`s lc lo hspldt` kl vlrrumhs dutèclhs, t`s plrsbstlctl ` r`cqulrh, pârkbkh kl pls` y gho hoblct`. [1 Lq H N (D) — 49/</8; Lc slplgerl kl 5985 gl kltldthr`c uc dècdlr mèstrbd` p` Mbts y gl bctlrvbcblr`c shdèck`gl t`k` lo lstôghm` y sl kltldtô uch gltèsthsbs lc lo nçmhk`, p`r o` qul kblr`c uc trhthgblct` hgeuoht`rb` d`c Mobvld. Klspuâs kl uc`s glsls kl trhthgblct` tuvl uch hclgbh pr`v`dhkh lc mrhc phrtl p`r lo trhthgblct`, o` qul gl tlcçh guy gho. O`s gâkbd`s `plrhrgl lo tug`r nçmhk` yh qul lo glkbdhglct` glqulrçhc nhdçh gho. Ful lcphrh lsl shdhr g`glct` qul klo supl klo DKT. Nheoâ d`c Hcmâobdh l bcbdbâ lo trhthgblct`. Ho gls klo trhthgblct` gl nbdl uch ld`t`g`mrhh mèstrbdh mèstr bdh y yh c` sl vlçh lo tug`r. tug`r. Ho d`gpolthr lo slmuck` sl muck` gls gl 58; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; nbdl uch rls`chcdbh ghmcâdh y s`o` sl kltldtô uch olsbôc kl 6 gg kl rlsbku`s klo tug`r. Klspuâs kl uc gls gès kl trhthgblct` klshphrldbô p`r d`gpolt` y c` nhy gès dècdlr. Fulctls1 nps1//y`utu.el/r<y]w@n4ybL & nps1//y`utu.el/G9^C`pebnYG [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthc k` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (KGT@) kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Kl c`dnl sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`), sb sl pulkl. D`g` t`k`s o`s pr`t`d`o`s kl dècdlr, pulkl slr hd`gphøhk` p`r hccuh) ‛< m ho kçh‛ y oh bcmlsth kl 8< m hccuh bcfusb`cls kl hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbh kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch frlsdh. Ls lslcdbho slmubr uch kblth hklduhkh hcdhcdlrçmlch, ehah lc hzñdhrls y `trhs susthcdbhs qul hdbkbdhc lo dulrp`, y qul klel slr hkhpthkh, slmñc ohs dbrducsthcdbhs, h dhkh phdblctl. Dècdlr kl nçmhk` Lo dècdlr kl nçmhk` ls uch lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho. Lo nçmhk` ls lo ôrmhc` bctlrc` kl ghy`r thghø`, hyukh ho `rmhcbsg` h kbmlrbr(DND) o`s hobglct`s, hoghdlch lclrmçh y lobgbch Lo dhrdbc`gh nlpht`dlouohr ` nlpht`dhrdbc`gh ls uc dècdlr klot`xbchs. nçmhk` qul d`cstuyl lo >9-29% kl o`s tug`rls nlpèd`s ghobmc`s prbghrb`s. Lstl tug`r sl klel h uch dbrr`sbs nlpèdh lc lo 29% kl o`s dhs`s y sl klsduerl lc lo 4-;% kl o`s lstukb`s cldrôpsbd`s kl phdblctls dbrrôd`s. Tç1 Nhebtuhoglctl lo nlpht`dhrdbc`gh c` prlslcth sçct`ghs. Yulst` qul oh ghy`rçh kl loo`s sl klshrr`oohc s`erl uc nçmhk` dbrrôd`, lo phdblctl pulkl phkldlr o`s sçct`ghs pr`pb`s kl oh dbrr`sbs. Oh klsd`gplcshdbôc kl uc dbrrôd` klel nhdlr plcshr lc hphrbdbôc kl uc nlpht`dhrdbc`gh lctrl `trhs dhushsgh kl klsd`gplcshdbôc. \cohp`rdlcthal gçcbg` kl phdblctls, duy` nlpht`dhrdbc` nlpht`dhrdbc`gh sl klshrr`ooh s`erl uc nçmhk` shc`, pulkl prlslcthr prlslcthr sçct`ghs bclspldçd`s klo p` k`o`r, pârkbkh kl pls`, ghsh phopheol, ltd. 58< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh O`s sçct`ghs gès frldulctlgl frldulctlglctl ctl klsdrbt`s s`c1 k`o`r k`o`r,, lspldbhoglctl lc oh phrtl klrldnh suplrb`r klo èrlh hek`gbcho, dlrdh klo `gôpoht` klrldn` ` lc oh lsphokh: pârkbkh kl pls` sbc rhzôc hphrlctl: côkuo` kur` kleha` kl ohs d`soohs s`erl lo ohk` klrldn` klo dulrp` qul p`krçh klelrsl ho tug`r tug`r,, ` sbmc` kl qul lo nçmhk` nhyh huglcthk` kl thghø`. Klebobkhk ` fhmh. [1 D C (B) — 49/</84 Gl kbhmc`sdhr`c dècdlr kl nçmhk` lc lo 5989 y 6 glsls kl vbkh, hsç qul gl ghckhr`c h dhsh h g`rbr. T`y uc n`gerl kl == hø`s kl lkhk, gl lcdulctr` y gl sblct` eblc, y lst`y eblc mrhdbhs s`erl t`k` h GGT8. lo kbhmcôsd` ful lc 5989!!!!! Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/dhcdlr0sthrt789 [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` U (rldtho d`c plrbooh) kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Kl c`dnl ls lslcdbho qul sl hpobqul lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) hotlrchck` lo sbmublctl kçh d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). D`g` t`k`s o`s pr`t`d`o`s kl dècdlr, pulkl slr hd`gphøhk` p`r bcfusb`cls kl hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbh hccuh hccuh) ‛< m ho kçh‛ y oh bcmlsth kl 8< m kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch frlsdh. Ls lslcdbho slmubr uch kblth hklduhkh hcdhcdlrçmlch, ehah lc hzñdhrls y `trhs susthcdbhs qul hdbkbdhc lo dulrp`, y qul klel slr hkhpthkh, slmñc ohs dbrducsthcdbhs, h dhkh phdblctl. Dècdlr kl olcmuh Dècdlr kl olcmuh, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls uc tug`r ghobmc` p`d` frldulctl qul sl o`dhobzh, s`erl t`k`, lc lo tlrdb` hctlrb`r kl oh olcmuh. O`s lxplrt`s drllc qul lctrl ohs p`sbeols dhushs kl lstl p` kl dècdlr lstèc lo d`csug` kl hod`n`o y thehd`. p`sbeols dhushs kl lstl p` kl dècdlr lstèc lo d`csug` kl hod`n`o y thehd`. O`s tug`rls lc oh olcmuh sl sulolc lxtlcklr p`r ohs lstrudturhs d`cmuhs d`g`, p`r lalgpo`, oh ohrbcml. O`s tug`rls qul sl klshrr`oohc lc oh z`ch hctlrb`r kl oh olcmuh s`c o`s qul pulklc dhushr ohs olsb`cls gès mrhvls kl o`s tlabk`s. 586 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Tç1 Oohmh lc oh e`dh ` lo oheb` qul c` dbdhtrbzh (lstl ls lo sçct`gh gès d`gñc), ghcdnh r`ah ` eohcdh lc ohs lcdçhs, oh olcmuh, ohs hgçmkhohs ` lo rlvlsgblct` kl oh e`dh, côkuo` lc lo oheb`, oh e`dh, lo duloo` ` oh mhrmhcth ` slcshdbôc kl lcmr`shgblct` kl oh glabooh, k`o`r kl mhrmhcth plrsbstlctl ` slcshdbôc kl hom` ht`rhk` lc oh mhrmhcth, r`cqulrh ` dhgeb` lc oh v`z, hk`rgldbgblct` hk`rg ldbgblct` kl oh e`dh ` oh olcmuh, k`o`r ` shcmrhk` s hcmrhk` lc oh e`dh, kbduothk kbd uothk phrh ghsdhr, trhmhr, trhmhr, ` g`vlr oh ghckçeuoh ` oh olcmuh, k`o`r kl `çk` y/` ghckçeuoh, gho hoblct` drôcbd`, dhgeb`s lc oh f`rgh kl nheohr, pârkbkh kl pblzhs klcthols ` k`o`r kl kblctls ` gulohs: pârkbkh kl pls` sbc rhzôc hphrlctl: fhmh: pârkbkh klo hplt`, lc lspldbho duhck` ls pr`o`cmhkh. Lst` pulkl sudlklr kurhctl o`s lsthkb`s gès hvhczhk`s kl oh lcflrglkhk. [1 Lq @a (D) — =/85/8< N`oh, gb c`gerl ls Lcrbqul @alkh y vbv` lc Thchm` kl Dnbol. Klsl` khr gb tlsg`cb` s`erl o` hd`ctldbk` d`c gb shouk lc lo prlslctl hø` 598<1 lo kçh 54 kl Aucb` fub bctlrvlcbk` kl uc dècdlr h gb olcmuh (Dhrdbc`gh kl Dâouohs Lsdhg`shs), uch uodlrh kl dhsb 5 dgs, o`dhobzhkh lc lo e`rkl ohtlrho bzqublrk` bzqublr k` kl gb olcmuh. Lo `rbmlc kl lsth ñodlrh sl rlg`cth ho gls kl slplgerl u `dtuerl klo hø` 598;. Tl prlslctô d`g` uch plquløh ghcdnh r`abzh, d`c k`o`r y hrk`r (phrldbk` h uc Nlrpls), supusl qul sl kleçh h uch g`rklkurh hddbklctho y qul pr`ct` shchrçh, d`g` `durrçh c`rghoglctl d`c lst`s lpbs`kb`s. Ylr`, trhcsdurrblr`c vhrb`s glsls y c` klshphrldçh, ho d`ctrhrb`, beh dhgebhck` kl f`rgh y d`o`r t`rcèck`sl kl uc t`c` eohcquldbc`. Lc flerlr` klo 598< gl surmbô lo tlg`r kl qul p`kçh slr hom` gès slrb`. D`cdurrç k`ckl uch gâkbd` klrghtôo`mh qublc c` gl kb` uc kbhmcôsd`, sbc` qul gl klrbvô h nhdlrgl uch eb`psbh, h o` duho c` nbdl dhs` y gl hv`quâ h bcvlsmhr lc oh wle s`erl lsth olsbôc qul c` shcheh phrh lcd`ctrhr uc rlglkb` phrh su durhdbôc. Lcd`ctrâ lvbklcdbh d`cf`rgl h gbs sçct`ghs y su hphrblcdbh oolmhck` h oh d`cdousbôc kl qul sl trhtheh kl uch Dhckbkbhsbs (pr`v`dhkh p`r lo n`cm` Dhckbkh hoebdhcs) lcd`ctrhck` thgebâc lo rlglkb` phrh trhthroh. Ful hsç qul d`gprâ lo glkbdhglct` Btrhd`chz`o, lo duho hdhehrçh d`c oh dèckbkh lc uc trhthgblct` trhthgblc t` p`r 89 kçhs. [rhcsdurrçhc o`s kçhs y c` vlçh gla`rçh. [lrgbcâ d`c lo trhthgblct` y oh nlrbkh slmuçh bmuho… Gl hsustl. D`cdurrç k`ckl uch `k`ctôo`m `k`ctôo`mhh qublc, thgebâc gl klrbv` h nhdlr uch eb`psbh kl oh nlrbkh. Tlmuçh bcdrâkuo`, sbc qulrlr hdlpthr qul p`kçh slr hom` gès mrhv mrhvl. l. Fbchoglctl kldbkç vbsbthr h uc gâkbd` lspldbhobsth 58= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh dbruahc` Ghxbo`fhdbho kl vhsth lxplrblcdbh, qublc, d`c s`o` vbsuhobzhr oh z`ch hfldthkh gl kbhmc`sdô lo dècdlr. Oh c`dbh gl klrrugeô. Ylcsâ lc ohs n`rrbeols sldulohs qul p`kçh klahr, klskl plrklr oh dhphdbkhk kl nheohr ` nheohr d`c kbduothk, nhsth c` p`klr klmour hobglct`s klebk` oh guohdbôc gb olcmuh. Lo k`dt`r gl t`gô uchh gulstrh phrh kl lcvbhroh h eb`psbh, oh qul glsls hctls nheçh rlnubk`, o` qul choglctl d`crgô lo kbhmcôsd` lo kçh ; kl ghy`, sblck` klrbvhk` ho Bcstut` Chdb`cho klo Dècdlr (BCD) k`ckl qulkâ lc lsplrh kl dbrumçh phrh hpr`xbghkhglctl chols kl aucb`. Klskl lo kçh klo kbhmcôsd` gl d`cdlctrâ lc eusdhr homñc trhthgblct` phrh phrh d`gehr lo dècdlr, y c` khrol ghs dnhcdl kl slmubr lxphckbâck`sl. Lcd`ctrâ bcf`rghdbôc s`erl gudn`s lolglct`s chturhols d`g` oh mrhvb`oh, ho`l vlrh y gblo, ebdhre`cht` y `tr`s h o`s qul rldurrç kl bcglkbht`. H glkbhk`s kl ghy`, lcd`ctrâ lc bctlrclt uc vbkl` k`ckl prlslcthehc uc d`gpulst` qul d`gehrçh lo dècdlr ldhzglctl, lo GGT. Klsduerç qul lxbsh gudnh bcf`rghdbôc ho rlspldt` y gudn`s gès tlsg`cb`s qul khehc dulcth kl su ldhdbh. Ful hsç qul, h cls kl ghy`, oolmul nhsth k`ckl Hcmâobdh D`sth h qublc d`c`dç d`g` d`cslalrh y kbstrbeubk`rh klo GGT. D`glcdâ d`c lo pr`t`d`o` bcglkbhthglctl lsplrhck` tlrgbchro` klspuâs kl uc gls, y d`c oh rgl fl lc gb durhdbôc, lgp` qul rlstheh phrh qul gl dbthrhc klo BCD phrh oh dbrumçh (Mo`sldt`gçh phrdbho y kbslddbôc kl mhcmob`s dlrvbdhols). Oolvheh s`o` 59 kçhs kl trhthgblct` duhck` s`rprlsbvhglctl sl hklohcth gb n`spbthobzhdbôc phrh bctlrvlcbrgl. Ylcsâ1 c` tlrgbcâ lo trhthgblct`, plr` homñc elcldb` nbz` lc gb. Lstheh `pgbsth hñc duhck` c` nheçh d`cdoubk` oh tlrhpbh d`c lo GGT. Fub bctlrvlcbk` y plrghcldç n`spbthobzhk` 86 kçhs qulkhck` h oh lsplrh klo rlsuothk` kl ohs eb`psbhs klo tug`r y kl o`s gès kl ;< mhcmob`s kbsldthk`s kl gb duloo`. Ful hcmushctl oh lsplrh hucqul prlslch qul t`k` lstheh eblc. Ful hsç qul oolmô lo kçh kl oh c`dbh1 ¡ohs gulstrhs lsthehc obgpbhs, sbc lvbklcdbh kl pr`phmhdbôc klo dhrdbc`gh! Lo tug`r lstheh ‟lsthdb`chk`‗ y c` sl nheçh lxphckbk`.. C` kbglcsb`câ o` elckbt` kl oh c`dbh, nhsth qul beh hehck`chck` lxphckbk` lo n`spbtho y c` pukl lvbthr oh lg`dbôc y homuchs oèmrbghs… N`y gl lcdulctr` dhsb t`thoglctl rlduplrhk`, dhsb sbc pr`eolghs kl g`kuohdbôc, s`o` d`c homuch bcslcsbebobkhk lc gb duloo` y lc oh z`ch kbsldthkh kl gb olcmuh y uch olvl obgbthdbôc klo g`vbgblct` kl gb erhz` bzqublrk` klebk` h o`s d`rtls kl gñsduo` y clrvb`s, plr` d`csbklr` qul ls gçcbg` sb kbglcsb`chg`s o` hmlohctl qul puk` nhelr sbk`. Ls dblrt` qul ho nhelr t`ghk` lo GGT kurhctl 55 kçhs nbz` qul klshphrldblrhc ohs dâouohs ghobmchs qul pukblr`c nhelr lsthk` ho`ahkhs lc 58> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; ohs z`chs dlrdhchs h gb olcmuh, yh qul lo k`o`r sl gl lstheh pr`yldthck` h oh ghckçeuoh y lo `çk`. K`y mrhdbhs h Kb`s y ho g`glct` qul klsduerç lstl Gbohmr`s` Gbclrho. Fulctl1np1//ggsdnbol.cbcm.d`g/mr`up/tlsg`cb`s0mr`up\ro7tlsg`cb`s &xmPs`urdl7h dvbty&bk76;48889%4HMr`up%4H89;;4=&phml7; [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` U (rldtho d`c plrbooh) kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Bckukheolglctl pr`t`d`o` A (ohvhk` eudho). Kl c`dnl ls lslcdbho qul sl hpobqul lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) hotlrchck` lo sbmublctl kçh d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). D`g` t`k`s o`s pr`t`d`o`s kl dècdlr, pulkl slr hd`gphøhk` p`r hccuh) ‛< m ho kçh‛ y oh bcmlsth kl 8< m bcfusb`cls kl hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbh hccuh kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch frlsdh. Ls lslcdbho slmubr uch kblth hklduhkh hcdhcdlrçmlch, ehah lc hzñdhrls y `trhs susthcdbhs qul hdbkbdhc lo dulrp`, y qul klel slr hkhpthkh, slmñc ohs dbrducsthcdbhs, h dhkh phdblctl. Dècdlr kl ghgh Lo dècdlr kl ghgh, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls lo drldbgblct` hc`rgho kl dâouohs ghobmchs lc lo tlabk` Lxbstlc qul k`s p`s prbcdbphols kl dècdlr kl dhrdbc`gh kudtho ghghrb`. lo gès frldulctl d`gblczh lc o`s d`ckudt`s qulghgh, oolvhclooldnl klskl oh ghgh nhsth lo plzôc y lo dhrdbc`gh o`euoboohr qul d`gblczh lc phrtls kl ohs ghghs, oohghkhs o`euoboo`s, qul pr`kudlc oh oldnl ghtlrch. Tç1 Lo dècdlr kl ghgh prld`z mlclrhoglctl c` dhush sçct`ghs. H glkbkh qul lo dècdlr drldl, o`s sçct`ghs pulklc bcdoubr1 lcr`aldbgblct`, nbcdnhzôc y rltrhddbôc kl oh pblo ` klo plzôc. @tr` sçct`gh pulkl slr oh sldrldbôc klo plzôc. Lc homuc`s dhs`s, oh sldrldbôc pulkl slr kl d`o`r dohr` h hghrboolct` ` vlrk`s` y oudbr d`g` pus. Nhy qul lcfhzhr qul lo dècdlr kl ghgh pulkl ghcbflsthrsl d`g` uch tug`rhdbôc hsbct`gèdh y qul duhck` yh nhy rltrhddbôc kl oh pblo, sl trhth kl uc dècdlr hvhczhk`. 582 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [1 G È U (H) - 8/4/84 Hsuct`1 LT[@R LT[@R FLOBQ GBT LT[\KB@T KL KBLQ ¡!!! dècdlr kl ghgh Hckrlhs, qublr` d`cthrol qul gbs lstukb`s kl ohe`rht`rb`s (gl nbdl kl t`k`, gudn`s) lstèc kl ghrhvbooh, qul lst`y guy flobz y qul qublr` d`gphrro` d`c \k. y d`c lo lqubp`. Lst`y sñplr flobz y lg`db`chkh, lcd`ctrâ uch gâkbdh drlylctl klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` y gl hchobzô o`s lstukb`s y gl sholc kl kblz. Lst`y lc lo f`r` y kla` sblgprl gbs d`glcthrb`s kl gb dhs`. Xublr` hmrhkldlrol su hp`y`. Gl `plrâ s`o` uch vlz, shquâ lo côkuo` kl oh ghgh y c` `plrâ oh slmuckh vlz qul qulrçhc o`s gâkbd`s, c` shquâ mhcmob`s, c` gl t`quâ cucdh gès, thgp`d` gl nbdl qubgb`, cb rhy`s, rhy`s, cb n`rg`chs… chkh kl bcvhsbôc. [`g` lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` d`csthctlglctl, ho`l vlrh d`c gblo, nblrehs vhrbhs phrh obgpbhr nçmhk`, puogôc y rbøôc y `trhs phrh klsphrhsbthr. Gl klsphrhsbt` d`c homuc`s kl o`s pr`kudt`s qul su wle glcdb`ch p`rqul c` o`s lcdulctr` t`k`s lc Hrmlcch, ehø`s kl bcglrsbôc d`c sho. Gudn` hg`r h gb hogh y fl. Ol ghck` uc mrhc herhz` ho hogh y kl gès lstè kldbrol kl t`k` gb hp`y` bcd`ckbdb`cho. Uulm` ho ucbvlrs` o` elckbmh bccbthglctl h uk. y h su fhgbobh. MUHDBHT, MUHDBHT, MUHDBHT, MUHDBHT Fulctl1 l-ghbo lcvbhk` ho hut`r [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) hpobdhk` lc oh z`ch kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Kl c`dnl sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`) duhck` sl pulkh. Lc dhs`s kl hoth t`xbkhk ` hdbklz, sl pulkl thgebâc høhkbr lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) vhrbhs vldls h oh slghch. D`g` t`k`s o`s pr`t`d`o`s kl dècdlr, dècdlr, pulkl slr hd`gphøhk` p`r bcfusb`cls kl hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbh hccuh hccuh) ‛< m ho kçh‛ y oh bcmlsth kl 8< m kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch frlsdh. Ls lslcdbho slmubr uch kblth hklduhkh hcdhcdlrçmlch, ehah lc hzñdhrls y `trhs susthcdbhs qul hdbkbdhc lo dulrp`, y qul klel slr hkhpthkh, slmñc ohs dbrducsthcdbhs, h dhkh phdblctl. 559 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Dècdlr ôsl` Lo dècdlr ôsl` prbghrb`, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls uc p` kl dècdlr p`d` d`gñc qul hfldth ho tlabk` ôsl`. H kbflrlcdbh klo slduckhrb`, slduckhrb`, sl `rbmbch lc lo nuls` y c` ls d`csldulcdbh kl uc dècdlr kl `trh phrtl klo dulrp` kbslgbchk` ho nuls`, lc lsl dhs` sl oohghrçh glthstèd` glthstè d` y rldbebrçh lo c`gerl klo ôrmhc` ` tlabk` lc lo duho sl `rbmbcô. Tç1 Tu sçct`gh gès frldulctl ls lo k`o`r plrsbstlctl ` bcusuho ` bchghdbôc lc/` dlrdh klo nuls`. C 1 Nhsth oh fldnh c` tlclg`s uch rlmrlsbôc t`tho kl dècdlr kl nuls` d`gpr`ehkh y d`crghkh, hucqul sb sl nh rlp`rthk` gla`rh kl dhobkhk kl vbkh. Tlmubg`s bcvlsmhck` phrh lcd`ctrhr s`oudb`cls ldhdls h lstl dècdlr thc kbdbo kl trhthr. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (KGT@) kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Kl c`dnl sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) hotlrchck` lo sbmublctl kçh d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O ( ehø`). D`g` t`k`s o`s pr`t`d`o`s kl dècdlr, pulkl slr hd`gphøhk` p`r bcfusb`cls kl hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbh hccuh hccuh) ‛< m ho kçh‛ y oh bcmlsth kl 8< m kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch frlsdh. Ls lslcdbho slmubr uch kblth hklduhkh hcdhcdlrçmlch, ehah lc hzñdhrls y `trhs susthcdbhs qul hdbkbdhc lo dulrp`, y qul klel slr hkhpthkh, slmñc ohs dbrducsthcdbhs, h dhkh phdblctl. Dècdlr kl `vhrb` Lo dècdlr kl `vhrb` ls uch lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho. O`s `vhrb`s lclc uckl rlduerbgblct` p`r dâouohs lpbtlobhols. Kl oh trhcsf`rghdbôc ghobmch lsths dâouohsf`rghk` surml oh bcglcsh ghy`rçh kl dècdlrls kl `vhrb`. Hfldth s`erl t`k` h gualrls lctrl <9 y =9 hø`s. Ls lo p` kl dècdlr gès frldulctl klo hphrht` hphrht` rlpr`kudt`r flglcbc`. flglcbc`. 558 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Tç1 O`s sçct`ghs sulolc sulol c hphrldlr duhck` oh lcflrglkhk lstè lc uch fhsl hvhczhkh, plr` nhy sløhols kl holrth qul plrgbtlc su kltlddbôc prld`z y lsths s`c1 k`o`r lc oh plovbs ` lc oh phrtl bcflrb`r klo hek`glc, sbgbohr h uch bckbmlsôc: kbduothk phrh bcmlrbr hobglct`s ` slcshdbôc rèpbkh kl oolcurh ho d`glr: sçct`ghs urbchrb`s, thols d`g` urmlcdbh (slcshdbôc d`csthctl d`csthctl kl tlclr qul `rbchr `r bchr ` frldulcdbh (`rbchr h glcuk`). Y`krçh hphrldlr nbcdnhzôc klo hek`glc ho rltlclr oçqubk`s ` p`r huglcthr kl thghø` lo `vhrb`. Lc lsth fhsl oh gualr p`krçh prlslcthr hclgbh ` pârkbkh kl pls`. Lst`s sçct`ghs thgebâc p`krçhc slr dhushk`s p`r lcflrglkhkls elcbcmchs ` p`r dècdlr lc `tr`s ôrmhc`s. Duhck` s`c dhushk`s p`r lo dècdlr kl `vhrb`, lst`s sçct`ghs lcklc h slr plrsbstlctls y h rlprlslcthr uc dhgeb` kl o` qul ls c`rgho. [1 O Bwj (D) — =/;/86 Gb c`gerl ls Obkbh Bwhcbuj, s`y p`ohdh y jbclsbôo`mh. Nhdl kblz hø`s qul vbv` lc Dnbol. Lc slplgerl kl 598< gl slc d`c g`olshs lc gb hphrht` rlpr`kudv` (k`o`r lc o`s `vhrb`s) y hdukç h nhdlrgl lxèglcls o`s duhols hrr`ahc < qubstls lc gbs `vhrb`s. Lc kbdblgerl gl kbhmc`sdhr`c dècdlr lc o`s `vhrb`s d`c tug`rls kl ; h < dg. oh `pdbôc glkbdh lrh `plrhrgl lcslmubkh y shdhrgl t`k`. R` c` qublr` qul gl d`rtlc chkh kl gb dulrp` y lgpblz` h eusdhr bcf`rghdbôc lc bctlrclt nhsth qul gl lcdulctr` oh pèmbch kl Dnbol kl Hcmâobdh D`sth, c`s d`gucbdhg`s, c`s aucthg`s y lstheoldbg`s o`s phs`s h slmubr d`c GGT, DKT y KGT@, qul lrhc pr`kudt`s qul nheçh d`c`dbk`, plr` Hcmâobdh lcsløô hohuobzhro`s klouz oh (Eb`ptr`c). ghclrh gès lfldvh. lfldv h. D`g` jbclsbôo`mh thgebâc gl gl d`o`quâ oègphrh kl Lgpldâ h t`ghr GGT eblc slmubk` kurhctl 8 gls t`ghck` 89 vldls ho kçh, plr` y` qulrçh huglcthr oh k`sbs rèpbkhglct rèpbkhglctll y oolmuâ rèpbk` h t`ghr 4 m`ths 89 vldls ho kçh, d`c lst` s`o` tuvl qul br gudnhs vldls ho ehø` y slmuç nhsth t`ghr 6 m`ths y duhck` phs` oh drbsbs d rbsbs durhvh. Ho p`d` lgp`, gb dulrp` lstheh obgpb` y slmuç t`ghck` 6 m`ths kl GGT hdvhk` 89 vldls ho kçh, sueçh y ehaheh k`sbs kl hdulrk` h gb t`olrhcdbh. Klspuâs kl uc gls gl nbdl lxèglcls culvhglctl culvhglctl (hquç lstèc t`k`s gbs lxèglcls) k`ckl shoçh qul gbs tug`rls yh c` lrhc < s`o` 4 y kl uc thghø` gudn` glc`r, sbc hspldt` dhcdlrçmlc`. Tlmuç t`ghck` GGT lc k`sbs gès ehahs p`r qul yh gl lstheh d`sthck` t`ghr 6 m`ths, plr` gl hpobdheh lo KGT@ p`r oh pblo 4 vldls ho kçh auct` d`c lo GGT y hphrtl slmuç t`ghck` 89 vldls ho kçh. 555 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Klspuâs bcd`rp`rl ohvhk`s vhmbchols kl GGT d`c KGT@ 4 vldls ho kçh. Ylrs`choglctl, o` nbdl kbflrlctl h o`s pr`t`d`o`s1 5<9 go kl N5@ d`c = m`ths nhsth 8< m`ths kl GGT d`c 8,< go ho prbcdbpb` nhsth < go kl KGT@. Hn`rh, d`c lo 4lr lxèglc rlhobzhk` nhdl 4 glsls, sholc gbs `vhrb`s d`gpolthglc d`gpolthglctl tl obgpb`skl y nhm` s`o` kl ghctlcdbôc t`ghck` 4 vldls ho kçh 6 m`ths hdvhkhs GGTuch d`ck`sbs KGT@. Hcmâobdh gl prlmucth s`erl homuch g`olsh d`c o`s ohvhk`s vhmbchols y kle` kldbr qul cbcmuch, cb sbqublrh slc slqulkhk vhmbcho. Hctl oh prlmucth kl oh d`ohe`rhdbôc qul Hcmlobdh lctrlmh d`c uc lqubp` kl tlrhpluths phrh trhthr ohs sbtuhdb`cls lg`db`chols, kle` kldbr qul sblct` qul o`s pr`eolghs lg`db`chols fulr`c oh dhush kl gb dècdlr y mrhdbhs h lsth hyukh rlohahrgl, shdhr gbs lg`db`cls, plcshr p`sbvhglct p`sbvhglctl, l, khrgl lo lgp` phrh ls` d`c ohs tlrhpbhs qul ustlkls gl hpobdhr`c, hyukô gudnçsbg` p`rqul lo dulrp` c` lxbstl sbc hogh. R` d`g` jbclsbôo`mh nl bcd`rp`rhk` h gb trheha` klskl nhdl 59 hø`s uch tlrhpbh kl ouz d`c uc hphrht` gâkbd` (Eb`ptr`c) y d`g` hmrhkldbgblct` h gb shchdbôc n`y gl bcd`rp`r` kl ghclrh mrhtubth d`c lsth tlrhpbh lclrmâdh d`gpolglcthrbh qul thgebâc nl uobzhk` d`g` hut` shchdbôc. Lsth tldc`o`mçh lgbtl uch ouz vbsbeol phrh eb`lsguohr lo dulrp`, ol kh oh lclrmçh qul ol fhoth h o`s dlctr`s lclrmâd`s klo dulrp` phrh su rlmlclrhdbôc. Fbchoglctl kle` d`cthr qul dhgebl gb hobglcthdbôc h uch kblth shch y qul rld`gblck` GGT yh qul c` pr`kudl cbcmñc lfldt` slduckhrb` y p`r lo d`ctrhrb` ho t`ghr dhckhkls thc hoths gl slch d`c gudnh lclrmçh y d`c gès mhchs kl mhchr lsth ehthooh. Y`r o` thct`, rld`gblck` slmubr lo pr`t`d`o` bckbdhk` y qul t`glc lo GGT kl hdulrk` h su t`olrhcdbh. Fulctl1 nps1//y`utu.el/=e@]eqcKnKs [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` U (rldtho d`c plrbooh) kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Kl c`dnl sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` V (brrbmhdbôc vhmbcho) y thgebâc sl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). D`g` t`k`s o`s pr`t`d`o`s kl dècdlr, pulkl slr hd`gphøhk` p`r bcfusb`cls kl hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbh hccuh hccuh) ‛< m ho kçh‛ y oh bcmlsth kl 8< m kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch frlsdh. Ls lslcdbho slmubr uch kblth hklduhkh hcdhcdlrçmlch, ehah lc hzñdhrls y `trhs susthcdbhs qul hdbkbdhc lo dulrp`, y qul klel slr hkhpthkh, slmñc ohs dbrducsthcdbhs, h dhkh phdblctl. 554 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Dècdlr phcdrlètbd` Lo dècdlr kl pècdrlhs, lcflrglkhk kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls uc tug`r ghobmc` qul sl `rbmbch lc oh moèckuoh phcdrlèdh. Tç1 O`s sçct`ghs gès frldulctls s`c1 k`o`r lc oh rlmbôc suplrb`r ` glkbh klo hek`glc, qul sl bctlcsbdh klspuâs kl d`glr ` duhck` lo phdblctl sl hdulsth. Bdtlrbdbh, khkh p`r oh rltlcdbôc kl ebobs y lo huglct` kl oh ebobrruebch, qul sl kh lc homuc`s dhs`s lc qul lo tug`r lstè lc oh dhelzh klo pècdrlhs, pârkbkh kl pls`, cèuslhs y vôgbt`s, lsphsg`s. [1 Gô G (H) — =/85/8< Lc 5988 gl kbhmc`sdhr`c dècdlr kl pècdrlhs. Lc kbd. 5985 lstheh lc fhsl BV d`c glc`s kl 8 gls kl vbkh. Yhsâ p`r 86 qubgb`s sbc lfldt` p`sbv` y d`c lo rlsuothk` kl rlkuddbôc kl pls` h glc`s kl ;9 jm, jm , sbc plo`, sbc erboo` lc `a`s, pblo d`c t`c` lcflrgbz` hdlrhk` y klshnudbhkh p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho. Gl ghckhr`c h dhsh h g`rbr. Gl nheohr`c klo GGT y d`glcdâ lo trhthgblct`. Nhdbh 89 t`ghs ho kçh, hsç d`g` t`k` p` kl pr`t`d`o`s p`sbeols. Nue` uch rlgbsbôc t`tho d`crghkh p`r hchoçdhs y hn`rh lst`y shch. Fulctl1 nps1//y`utu.el/EJdhY-@ nps1//y`utu.el/EJdhY-@[JpL/ [JpL/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (KGT@) hpobdhk` lc oh z`ch kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Kl c`dnl sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). Hklgès sl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) phrh lobgbchr t`xbdbkhk nlpèdh. D`g` t`k`s o`s pr`t`d`o`s kl dècdlr, pulkl slr hd`gphøhk` p`r bcfusb`cls kl hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbh hccuh hccuh) ‛< m ho kçh‛ y oh bcmlsth kl 8< m kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch frlsdh. Ls lslcdbho slmubr kblth hklduhkh ehah lc hzñdhrls y `trhs susthcdbhs quluch hdbkbdhc lo dulrp`,hcdhcdlrçmlch, y qul klel slr hkhpthkh, slmñc ohs dbrducsthcdbhs, h dhkh phdblctl. 55; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Dècdlr kl prôsthth Lo dècdlr kl prôsthth ls uch lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho. Tl klc`gbch dècdlr kl prôsthth ho qul sl klshrr`ooh lc uc` kl o`s ôrmhc`s mohckuohrls klo sbstlgh rlpr`kudt`r ghsduobc`. Oh prôsthth ls oh lcdhrmhkh kl pr`kudbr oçqubk` slgbcho. Lo dècdlr sl pr`kudl duhck` homuchs dâouohs pr`stèd pr`stèdhs hs guthc y d`gblczhc h guopobdhrsl klsd`ctr`ohkhglctl. klsd`ctr`ohkh glctl. Ls oh dhush gès frldulctl kl dècdlr lc n`gerls. Tç1 Yulkl slr hsbct`gèd` lc fhsls bcbdbhols ` prlslcthrsl d`g` bcd`cclcdbh urbchrbh ` kbsgbcudbôc klo dhoberl ` bctlrrupdbôc klo dn`rr` d n`rr` kl `rbch y kbduothk ` lsd`z`r ho `rbchr. Lc fhsl hvhczhkh nhy sçct`ghs `estrudv`s dohr`s, pukblck` prlslcthrsl d`c k`o`r frldulctl lc oh rlmbôc ougehr y kbduothkls lc ohs rlohdb`cls slxuhols. [1 N V A (D) — </;/84 64 hø`s, dhshk`, 4 nba`s, plcsb`chk` kl Dhrhebclr`s, k`gbdbobhk` lc Thchm`. ‟Lo kçh 89/85/5989 gl rlhobdâ uc hcmlc` pr`stèd` d`c uc rlsuothk` kl 4=,=6 Cm.GO, p`r o` qul lo gâkbd` kl dheldlrh `rklc` uch eb`psbh k`ckl lo lxhglc hrr`a` hklc`dhrdbc`gh pr`stèd` 6 (4+4), ôslh uc tug`r kl 6 dg, qul sl lcd`ctrheh dhpsuohk` klctr` kl oh prôsthth, kl `rbmlc dhcdlrçmlc`, p`r o` qul sl gl prhddô uch pr`sthtldt`gçh rhkbdho p`r obcfhklcldt`gçh lxtlckbkh. D`c uc rlsuothk` shsfhdt`rb`, sl rlrô t`k` lo bctlrb`r (sl vhdbô) hklgès kl mhcmob`s y `plrht`rb` prôsthth ghs vlsçduohs slgbchols. O` shsfhdt`rb` ls oh phoherh klo gâkbd` qul prlphrô lo pr`dlkbgblct`, plr` lo rlsuothk` klo hcmlc` pr`stèd` t`tho p`stlrb`r p`stlrb`r h oh `plrhdbôc ful kl 9,6<6, hucqul kba` qul nheçh qul brrhkbhr p`rqul lst` bckbdheh qul hñc nheçh bckbdb`s dhcdlrçmlc`s lc lo sldt`r. Y`stlrb`rglctl fub lcvbhk` ho Bcstut` kl Uhkb`glkbdbch (BUHG) k`ckl sl d`csthtô qul oh `plrhdbôc rlhobzhkh sl trhtheh kl uc dècdlr kl prôsthth kl hot` rblsm` p`r o` qul lo hcmlc` rlsuot` slr guy hot`, o` qul bckbdheh qul lxbshc phrduohs dhcdlrçmlchs. Gl rld`glckhr`c bcbdbhr kl bcglkbht` hurço`m`s ON — UH y oulm` U[, klaèck`gl d`c rlp`s` p`ry49 kçhs. D`glcdâ d`c lo GGT h o`s ; kçhs gl kç dulcth qul hom` lstheh phshck` lc gb dulrp`. Gl p`kçh olvhcthr olvhcthr kl oh dhgh. 55< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [`gâ lo pr`t`d`o` 5999 d`g` gl bckbdhr`c, gès o`s lclghs. H o`s 84 kçhs gl rlhobdâ uc lxhglc pr`stèd` d`c uc rlsuothk` FHC[ÈT[BD@ (slmñc lo gâkbd`) p`rqul lstl bckbdheh uc hcmlc` kl 9,2 Cm/GO. Tl gl bckbdh brrhkbhdbôc gls kl `dtuerl, sbm` t`ghck` lo GGT y sâ qul lc `dtuerl yh c` tlckrâ chkh. Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/5984/9;/9</dhcdlr-kl-pr`sthth-nlrdb`nps1// tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/5984/9;/9</dhcdlr-kl-pr`sthth-nlrdb`-vlrkum`vlrkum`ahrh/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` U (rldtho d`c plrbooh) klspuâs kl dhkh klfldhdbôc kurhctl kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Kl c`dnl sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) hotlrchck` lo sbmublctl kçh d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). D`g` t`k`s o`s pr`t`d`o`s kl dècdlr, pulkl slr hd`gphøhk` p`r bcfusb`cls kl hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbh hccuh hccuh) ‛< m ho kçh‛ y oh bcmlsth kl 8< m kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch frlsdh. Ls lslcdbho slmubr uch kblth hklduhkh hcdhcdlrçmlch, ehah lc hzñdhrls y `trhs susthcdbhs qul hdbkbdhc lo dulrp`, y qul klel slr hkhpthkh, slmñc ohs dbrducsthcdbhs, h dhkh phdblctl. Dècdlr kl puogôc Lo dècdlr kl puogôc ls uch lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho. Lo dècdlr kl puogôc sl pr`kudl duhck` nhy uc drldbgblct` lxhmlrhk` kl dâouohs ghobmchs lc lstl ôrmhc`. Ls oh dhush gès frldulctl kl gulrtl p`r dècdlr, thct` lc n`gerls d`g` lc gualrls. Tç1 O`s sçct`ghs gès frldulctls sulolc slr1 kbduothk rlspbrht`rbh, t`s sldh, d`c lghs ` shcmubc`olcth, hsç d`g` k`o`r t`rèdbd`, hphrbdbôc kl sbebohcdbhs (sboebk` kl pldn`), r`cqulrh l nbcdnhzôc lc lo duloo` y oh dhrh, dhcshcdb`, pârkbkh kl hplt` y d`csldulctl pârkbkh kl pls`. 556 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [1 K. D M. L. (Lø) — 6/>/86 Lo 8; kl kbdlgerl 598< sl gl kltldt` uch ghsh (< dg) lc puogôc klrldn`. Hctls kl d`glczhr ohs prulehs, phrh lo kbhmcôsd` lxhdt` lxhdt` kl oh olsbôc, d`glcdâ h t`ghr GGT hd`cslahkh p`r uch d`gphølrh kl trheha`. T`y gâkbd` y lsdâpdh h t`k`s o`s trhthgblct`s fulrh kl o` ‟c`rghols‗. Lstukbâ lo d`gpulst` y vb qul gl p`krçh hyukhr. Hsç o` nbdl kurhctl uc gls prlvb` h oh bctlrvlcdbôc qul lc uc prbcdbpb` lrh d`gpobdhkh, yh qul oh olsbôc bckbdheh qul lo tlgh c` lrh eulc` y gl tlckrçhc qul qubthr glkb` puogôc. Lc t`k` g`glct` nl sbk` `pgbsth, plcshck` lc qul t`k` beh h br guy eblc y sb c` lrh hsç, puls o` hkgbrçh (s`y drlylctl). drlylctl). Nl klsdueblrt` h plrs`chs qul tlcçh h gb horlklk`r qul gl nhc hyukhk` gudnçsbg` (ghrbk` l nba`s) qul o`s tlcçh hphrthk`s, yh qul lstheh klkbdheh ho trheha`, ¡d`c uch dhrmh kl lstrâs guy bgp`rthctl! Hklgès, h O`ob qul sblgprl ol lsthrâ hmrhkldbkh, p`rqul d`c 8< gbcut`s kl d`cvlrshdbôc gl hyukô gudn` y s`erl t`k` gl kba`1 ‟lcls VBKH lc oh dhrh‗. Oh bctlrvlcdbôc ful t`k` uc âxbt`1 c` hfldthdbôc mhcmob`chr y lc vlz kl qubthrgl glkb` puogôc, gl qubthr`c s`o` oh phrtl hfldthkh. Lo rlsuothk` kl oh eb`psbh bctrh`plrht`rbh bctrh`plrht`rbh p`r 5 vldls ful clmhv`, clmhv`, kl hnç oh s`rprlsh y holmrçh kl oh dbruahch ho c` tlclr qul lxrphr oh z`ch hfldthkh. ¡[`k`s guy d`ctlst`s!!! Ho slr mrhckl lo tug`r y khk` qul s`y plrs`ch a`vlc phrh lo dècdlr, dècdlr, sl kldbkl d`c gb hpr`ehdbôc d`glczhr qubgb`tlrhpbh d`hkyuvhctl kurhctl ; slsb`cls. Kurhctl ohs k`s prbglrhs qubgb`s slmuç t`ghck` GGT, plr` gl slctheh gho y gb dulrp` o` rldnhzheh. O` nl klahk` kl f`rgh tlgp`rho nhsth qul tlrgbcl ohs slsb`cls kl qubgb`. [lcm` qul kldbr qul c` lst`y tlcblck` cbcmñc sçct`gh kl ‟o`s lfldt`s‗ kl oh qubgb` y sl qul lo GGT lstè nhdblck` su ‟trheha`‗, nl hnç qul o`s gâkbd`s thgebâc lstèc s`rprlckbk`s kl o` eblc qul lst`y. Lsplr` qul gb lxplrblcdbh sbrvh phrh hyukhr h `trhs plrs`chs. Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/0s7puog`c [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (KGT@) hpobdhk` lc lo pldn` kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Kl c`dnl sl pulkl hpobdhr lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). D`g` kl t`k`s o`s pr`t`d`o`s slry hd`gphøhk` p`rm bcfusb`cls hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbhkl hccdècdlr, hccuh uh) ‛< pulkl m ho kçh‛ oh bcmlsth kl 8< kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch frlsdh. 55= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Ls lslcdbho slmubr uch kblth hklduhkh hcdhcdlrçmlch, ehah lc hzñdhrls y `trhs susthcdbhs qul hdbkbdhc lo dulrp`, y qul klel slr hkhpthkh, slmñc ohs dbrducsthcdbhs, h dhkh phdblctl. Dècdlr rlcho Lo dècdlr kl dâouohs rlchols, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, thgebâc oohghk` dècdlr kl rbøôc ` hklc`dhrdbc`gh rlcho, lstè khk` p`r oh prlslcdbh kl dâouohs ghobmchs lc lo rlvlsgblct` rlvlsgblct` kl o`s tñeuo`s (tue`s guy plqulø`s) klo rbøôc. Lst`s tñeuo`s s`c o`s lcdhrmhk`s kl obgpbhr y otrhr oh shcmrl, t`ghck` o`s pr`kudt`s kl klsnldn`, pr`kudblck` oh `rbch, qul phsh klskl dhkh rbøôc h oh vlabmh, h trhvâs kl uc tue` ohrm` oohghk` urâtlr. Tç1 Lc oh hdtuhobkhk, oh ghy`rçh kl o`s tug`rls rlchols s`c hsbct`gèd`s y sl kltldthc hddbklcthoglctl kurhctl uc lxhglc kl bghmlc`o`mçh, lc eusdh kl dhushs c` rlohdb`chkhs. O`s sçct`ghs pulklc bcdoubr1 nbcdnhzôc y k`o`r hek`gbcho, k`o`r kl lsphokh, shcmrl lc oh `rbch, nbcdnhzôc kl ohs vlchs horlklk`r kl uc tlsduo` (vhrbd`dlol), k`o`r kl d`sthk`, pârkbkh kl pls`. [hgebâc pulkl d`cdurrbr sbmc`s d`g` lo d`o`r hc`rgho kl oh `rbch (ghrrôc, r`abz`, d`erl, ltd), klebk` h oh hphrbdbôc kl nlghls. [1 T (D) — 88/5/8< Dècdlr rlcho d`c gltèsthsb gltèsthsbss puog`cls. Mrhk` BV (tlrgbcho). Lo =/95/84 d`glczô lo trhthgblct` y lc ; glsls yh c` tlcçh gltèsthsbs. Klspuâs kl 8 hø` sl ol nbdblr`c prulehs y lo tug`r kl 86,> dg nheçh rlehahk` h 5 dg. Oh Krh. ol rld`glckô slmubr d`c lo GGT. H kçh kl n`y ls uch plrs`ch c`rgho. Fulctl1 nps1//y`utu.el/\p]N8HNXrYX [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` 55> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` U (rldtho d`c plrbooh) kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Kl c`dnl sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) hotlrchck` lo sbmublctl kçh d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). D`g` t`k`s o`s pr`t`d`o`s kl dècdlr, pulkl slr hd`gphøhk` p`r bcfusb`cls kl hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbh hccuh hccuh) ‛< m ho kçh‛ y oh bcmlsth kl 8< m kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch frlsdh. Ls lslcdbho slmubr uch kblth hklduhkh hcdhcdlrçmlch, ehah lc hzñdhrls y `trhs susthcdbhs qul hdbkbdhc lo dulrp`, y qul klel slr hkhpthkh, slmñc ohs dbrducsthcdbhs, h dhkh phdblctl. Dècdlr tbr`bkl` Lo dècdlr r`bkl`, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, hmruph h uc plqulø` cñglr` kl tug`rls ghobmc`s qul nhdlc su hphrbdbôc lc oh moèckuoh r`bkls, oh duho lstè sbtuhkh lc lo bctlrb`r y ho frlctl kl oh phrtl hoth klo duloo`. Yulkl `durrbr lc t`k`s o`s mrup`s kl lkhkls. Tç1 Bcdouylc oh t`s, kbduothk kbduoth k phrh bcmlrbr, bcmlrbr, hmrhckhgblct` kl oh moèckuoh r`bkls, r`cqulrh ` dhgeb`s lc oh v`z, nbcdnhzôc lc lo duloo`, y prlslcdbh kl uc tug`r ` côkuo` r`bkl`. [1 Mv F. Oôz M (H) [uvl uc HDV (Hddbklctl dlrler`vhsduohr) lo 59 kl c`vblgerl klo 5984, h rhçz kl lst` gl nbdblr`c vhrb`s lstukb`s phrh eusdhr sldulohs, lc uc` kl ls`s lstukb`s (Ld`-K`ppolr kl vhs`s klo duloo`) gl lcd`ctrhr`c uc côkuo` kl 5 dg kl kbègltr` lc ohs r`bkls. Lgpldâ trhthgblct` vçh `rho kl DKT, hmuh kl ghr, slsb`cls kl Tuplr rhe` Qhpplr (Eb`tr`nc®), dhgbchths kbhrbhs, hobglcthdbôc sbc nhrbchs, cb oèdtl`s cb hzñdhrls. D`glczô oh rlkuddbôc klo côkuo` y ho dhe` kl uc hø` y dhsb trls glsls sl rlkua` h 9,5 dg kl kbègltr`. Lgpldâ d`c nlghturbh, gl ld`mrhhr`c y kltldthr`c dècdlr gñopol kl vlabmh. Gl `plrhr`c y h o`s slbs glsls tlcçh gès dhrdbc`ghs qul hctls. Hnç d`c`dç ho Kr. Ècmlo Mrhdbh y d`glcdâ h elelr hmuh kl ghr. [hgebâc d`c`dç lo GGT y h Nbrh Uhthc Ghclj y lgpldâ "su" Yr`t`d`o` T`ohr y h d`csugbr GGT. [hgebâc supl klo drukbvlmhcbsg` y gl `rblct` h loo` p`r lo ober` kl Ghrd Hgs s`erl olud`sbt`dbs kbmlsv kbmlsvh. h. Lst` ls eèsbdhglctl o` qul nhm` d`g` trhthgblct`. 552 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh C`th1 lctrl lo 8 kl auob` klo 598; y lo 8> kl lsl gbsg` gls nl bcmlrbk` 859 go C`th1 kbhrb`s kl DKT rlphrk`s lc 85 t`ghs sbc lfldt` lfldt`ss slduckhrb`s kl d`csbklrhdbôc. \c p`d` kl flerçduoh lo kçh 85, vôgbt`s kçhs <, =, 8; y 8< y p`oburbh. H kçh kl n`y yh c` nhy côkuo` y oh r`bkls lstè klctr` kl o`s phrègltr`s kl oh c`rghobkhk. Fulctl1 l-ghbo lcvbhk` ho hut`r [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) hpobdhk` lc oh z`ch kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Kl c`dnl sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`) sb sl pulkl. D`g` t`k`s o`s pr`t`d`o`s kl dècdlr, pulkl slr hd`gphøhk` p`r bcfusb`cls kl hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbh hccuh hccuh) ‛< m ho kçh‛ y oh bcmlsth kl 8< m kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch frlsdh. Ls lslcdbho slmubr uch kblth hklduhkh hcdhcdlrçmlch, ehah lc hzñdhrls y `trhs susthcdbhs qul hdbkbdhc lo dulrp`, y qul klel slr hkhpthkh, slmñc ohs dbrducsthcdbhs, h dhkh phdblctl. Dècdlr utlrbc` Lo dècdlr utlrbc` ls uch lcflrglkhk kl dhush d`c`dbkh ` klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho. Lo târgbc` dècdlr utlrbc` nhdl rlflrlcdbh h vhrb`s kbflrlctls p`s kl dècdlr qul sl klshrr`oohc lc lo ñtlr`. Lo dècdlr utlrbc` sl dohsbdh lc1 shrd`gh utlrbc`, dècdlr kl lck`gltrb`, dècdlr dlrvbdho (` kl duloo` utlrbc`) y oh lcflrglkhk tr`f`eoèsdh tr`f`eoèsdh mlsthdb`cho. mlsthdb`cho. Tç1 Lc su fhsl bcbdbho sulol slr hsbct`gèdh, plr` hphrldlc duhck` lo dècdlr sl nh lxtlckbk`, pukblck` slr o`s gès frldulctls1 ohs ghcdnhs kl shcmrl olvl lctrl ohs glcstruhdb`cls ` klspuâs kl oh gbsgh, k`o`r ho ghctlclr rlohdb`cls slxuhols, shcmrhk` glcstruho gès ohrm` y heuckhctl kl o` c`rgho, shcmrhr klspuâs klo d`bt` ` kurhctl lo lxèglc pâovbd` lc oh d`csuoth mbcld`oômbdh, huglct` kl oh sldrldbôc vhmbcho ` shcmrhk` klspuâs kl oh glc`phusbh. 549 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [1 Y ô GGT ( FKH) - 52/96/85 Lsghk` Tr. Nugeol, Ylcsâ qul ol musthrçh shelr qul gl nl durhk` kl dècdlr kl ñtlr` y kl dècdlr kl `vhrb` d`c GGT. Nhdl uc hø` fub kbhmc`sdhkh kl glohc`gh ghobmc` mrhk` ; (dècdlr kl pblo kbslgbchk` lc o`s mhcmob`s). Gl nbdblr`c uotrhs`cbk` lc aucb` kl lstl hø`. Lo k`dt`r gl kba` qul tlcçh uc tug`r lc lo `vhrb` klrldn` y qul gb ñtlr` g`strheh g`strheh sbmc`s kl dècdlr / prldècdlr. Lo k`dt`r gl d`glctô qul tlckrçh qul s`gltlrgl h uch nbstlrldt`gçh. Kldbkbg`s rlplr oh ld`mrhh lc 8 gls y nhdlr uch eb`psbh y p`clr fldnh phrh oh dbrumçh klspuâs kl o`s rlsuothk`s klo slmuck` uotrhs`cbk`. Lc auob` nbdl uc durs` kl GGT kl uchs 4 slghchs. Lo trhthgblct` d`c GGT ful klshmrhkheol. Dhkh vlz qul t`gheh uch k`sbs gl slch lcflrgh. [lcçh kbhrrlh, cèuslhs y vôgbt`s. [hgebâc lxplrbglctâ uc k`o`r bcs`p`rtheol lc gb ohk` klrldn` (lo `vhrb` hfldthk`). Tlmuç d`c lo trhthgblct` huglcthck` mrhkuhoglctl ohs m`ths d`g` slmurbkhk nhsth oolmhr h 8< m`ths 5 vldls ho kçh. C`tâ qul sb d`gçh glkbh n`rh hctls kl ohs t`ghs tlcçh glc`s cèuslhs. Hdhe` kl rldbebr o`s rlsuothk`s kl oh ld`mrhh kl rlpldbôc. Lo tug`r kl `vhrb` sl nh bk` p`r d`gpolt` y gb ñtlr` ls c`rgho y shoukheol, lo k`dt`r kba` qul c` shel p`r quâ, plr` yh c` cldlsbt` uch dbrumçh ` uch eb`psbh. [`k` ls c`rgho y ¡shoukheol! Fulctl1 nps1//m5df`rug.`rm/bcklx.pnp/m`t`/tlsg`cbhos/ 895>-sthml-bv-ghobmchct-glohc`gh-durlk/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` V (ohvhk` vhmbcho) kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Kl c`dnl sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) hotlrchck` lo sbmublctl kçh d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). D`g` t`k`s o`s pr`t`d`o`s kl dècdlr, pulkl slr hd`gphøhk` p`r bcfusb`cls kl hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbh hccuh hccuh) ‛< m ho kçh‛ y oh bcmlsth kl 8< m kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch frlsdh. Ls lslcdbho slmubr uch kblth hklduhkh hcdhcdlrçmlch, ehah lc hzñdhrls y `trhs susthcdbhs qul hdbkbdhc lo dulrp`, y qul klel slr hkhpthkh, slmñc ohs dbrducsthcdbhs, h dhkh phdblctl. 548 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Dècdlr kl vlabmh Lo dècdlr kl vlabmh, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho ls o`dhobzhk` lc oh vlabmh, uc ôrmhc` nuld` qul sl lcdulctrh lc oh phrtl bcflrb`r hek`glc,o`sdhphz kl lcd`mlrsl y hmrhckhrsl phrh hoghdlchr oh `rbch qulklopr`kudlc rbø`cls. Lo dècdlr sl `rbmbch duhck` ohs dâouohs dhcdlr`shs lgpblzhc h drldlr lc oh vlabmh. Tb ls kltldthk` tlgprhchglctl, tlgprhchglc tl, pulkl slr `plrhk` d`c dbrumçh. Tç1 Oh nlghturbh (prlslcdbh kl shcmrl lc oh `rbch) ls lo sçct`gh gès frldulctl lc lo dècdlr kl vlabmh. Lo mrhk` kl nlghturbh c` sl d`rrlohdb`ch d`c oh lxtlcsbôc kl oh lcflrglkhk. Yulkl slr uch nlghturbh ghdr`sdôpbdh, frhcdh, kltldthkh lc uc hcèobsbs kl `rbch ` vbsbeol p`r lo pr`pb` phdblctl. Duhoqublr mrhk` kl nlghturbh, lgehrm`, rlqublrl klsdhrthr uc o`s dècdlr kl urbchrb`s vlabmh, bcdous` sb lxbstlc `trhssbc p`sbeols dhushs kl nlghturbh, d`g` dèoduo`s ` dbss ehdtlrbhchs. @tr`s sçct`ghs s`c1 k`o`r ` lsd`z`r ho `rbchr, `rbchr, cldlsbkhk kl `rbchr d`c gès frldulcdbh ` tlclr slcshdbôc kl qulrlr `rbchr sbc p`klr nhdlro` ` kl tlclr mhchs aust` klspuâs kl nhdlro`. [1 Hcôcbg` H gb ghgè ol kbhmc`sdhr`c dècdlr kl vlabmh y kldbkç khrol lo GGT, puls eha` bcvlsmhdbôc plrs`cho gl nl lctlrhk` qul sl lstè ushck` lc gudn`s phçsls hdtuhoglctl lc tlrhpbhs hotlrchvhs. hotlrchvhs. T (sbc obdlcdbh gâkbdh,) sbc lgehrm` gl `pusl h qul h gb ghgh oh s`gllrhc h qubgb`tlrhpbhs y rhkb`tlrhpbhs, rhkb`tlrhpbhs, puls gb ghgè ls kl lkhk hvhczhkh, hklgès kl slr gb rlsp`cshebobkhk. Nh phshk` uc gls y glkb` y gb ghgè lsth gâkbdhglctl gâkbdhglctl shch. Tl o` hkgbcbstrâ vçh bctrhvlc`sh d`g` sl bckbdh lc lo ober` kl Abg Nugeol, thgebâc vçh `rho. Kurhctl uc lgp` gb ghgè lgplzô h hrr`ahr d`g` ploola`s p`r oh `rbch. Hdtuhoglctl sl o` k`y s`o` vçh `rho phrh qul c` rldhbmh. Elckbdb`cls kl ouz. Fulctl1 nps1//m5df`rug.`rm/bcklx.pnp0sthrt7=<69 545 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. l pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` U (rldtho d`c plrbooh) ` lo V (ohvhk` vhmbcho) lc dhs` kl gualr, kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Kl c`dnl sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) hotlrchck` lo sbmublctl kçh d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). D`g` t`k`s o`s pr`t`d`o`s kl dècdlr, pulkl slr hd`gphøhk` p`r bcfusb`cls kl hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbh hccuh hccuh) ‛< m ho kçh‛ y oh bcmlsth kl 8< m kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch frlsdh. Ls lslcdbho slmubr uch kblth hklduhkh hcdhcdlrçmlch, ehah lc hzñdhrls y `trhs susthcdbhs qul hdbkbdhc lo dulrp`, y qul klel slr hkhpthkh, slmñc ohs dbrducsthcdbhs, h dhkh phdblctl. Dhckbkbhsbs (vhmbcho) Oh dhckbkbhsbs ls uch lcflrglk lcflrglkhk hk sbc hphrlctl s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho. \ch bcflddbôc fñcmbdh (gbd`sbs) kl duhoqublrh kl ohs lspldbls Dhckbkh (t`khs ohs olvhkurhs), kl ohs duhols oh Dhckbkh hoebdhcs ls oh gès d`gñc. Tç1 Klplckblck` kl su o`dhobzhdbôc. Klctr` kl ohs dhckbkbhsbs gud`shs lstè lo gumult qul sl ghcblsth d`g` uchs pohdhs drlg`shs y eohcquldbchs, qul d`cuylc lc lo k`rs` kl oh olcmuh, vlo` klo phohkhr, gud`sh mbcmbvho y mlcbtho. Oh bcflddbôc thgebâc pulkl ghcbflsthrsl d`g` uch olcmuh r`ah, obsh, erboohctl y k`o`r`sh. Oh dhckbkbhsbs thgebâc sl pulkl khr lc lo hphrht` kbmlsv`, rlspbrht`rb` y rlpr`kudt`r, d`c kbsct`s sçct`ghs. [1 K. [. G. (Gâx) — 5</4/85 Nl rldbebk` lo plrgbs`, phrh pueobdhr lstl dhs` ho qul hdhe` kl khr kl ‟hoth‗, n`y kçh 6 kl Ghrz`. Hucqul sôo` p`ckrâ sus k`s prbglrhs bcbdbhols phrh shovhmuhrkhr shovhmuhrk hr su bklckhk, gl phrldl uc dhs` kbmc` kl pueobdhr p`r oh dhckhk kl lgp` qul nh kurhk` oh bcflddbôc y p`r oh vbruolcdbh qul nh prlslcthk` oh Dèckbkh lc lsth dnbdh. Tus bcbdbhols s`c H.B., kl trlbcth y dbcd` hø`s. Oolmh h gb d`csuoth klspuâs kl 89 hø`s kl bcflddbôc, ls kldbr, d`c uch dhckbkbhsbs drôcbdh lc t`kh rlmoh. Tu nbst`rbh y su oudnh d`gblczh 89 hø`s htrès lc o`s qul lgplzô h tlclr bcflddb`cls 544 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh vhmbchols, ho prbcdbpb` lsp`rèkbdhs. Tu mbcldôo`m` ol kheh uc hcfñcmbd` `rho, y uc ôvuo` vhmbcho. Hsç, sl lstuv` trhthck`, y hsç, sus bcflddb`cls d`glczhr`c h slr dhkh vlz gès frldulctls. Tl phsô o`s prbglr`s trls hø`s kl mbcldôo`m` lc mbcldôo`m`, dhgebhck` kl vlz lc duhck` p`r c` lcd`ctrhr gla`rçh, nhsth qul uc` Klspuâs kl loo`s olklkba` bcdous` sl hd`stugerhrh h vbvbr d`c loo`. trls hø`s,qul oh bcflddbôc sl nbz` plrghclctl. D`c plrb`kbdbkhk glcsuho. Gès ud`chz`o, gès Dhclstâc… y chkh. Chkbl ol kbhmc`sdô nhsth lsth fldnh qul tuvblrh dhckbkbhsbs drôcbdh. O` hvlrbmuô looh p`r su dulcth duhck` lo duhkr` kl sçct`ghs lgplzô h hmrhvhrsl, dhcshcdb` mlclrho, bcs`gcb`, hm`thgblct`, k`o`rls gusduohrls… bcdous` lstuv` kbhmc`sdhkh kl frber`gbhombh. Yr`eô d`c oh n`gl`phh, qul ol ful eblc, y v`ovbô h rlpr`kudbrsl lc uc`s duhtr` glsls. Dhkh gls su bcflddbôc oh vbsbtheh oolmhck` bcdous` h hd`stugerhrsl h looh d`c t`k` o` qul ls` d`coolvh. Tl lctlrô kl qul nheçh uc chturôphth lc Ehrdlo`ch (looh ls kl Hobdhctl) qul tlcçh guy eulc`s oh dèckbkh ylc d`ctrls su `dhsb`cls. klslsplrhdbôc vbhaô nhsth hooç phrhrlsuothk`s p`clrsl d`c lc trhthgblct` C` yol lsplrhczh fucdb`cô. Lo chturôphth ol kba` qul looh lrh oh ñcbdh qul sl ol nheçh rlsbsk`. [uv` kblth hcfñcmbdh, ltd…, kurhctl trls hø`s. Hn`rh nhdl k`s glsls qul c` nh tlcbk` bcflddbôc. (looh t`khvçh drll qul ls klghsbhk` pr`ct` phrh dhcthr vbdt`rbh, c` pulkl drllro` … [rhthg`s su pr`eolgh klskl trls frlctls, qul slmñc gb nugbokl `pbcbôc, ls o` qul gla`r fucdb`ch klspuâs kl t`k`s o`s dhs`s qul nl trhthk` trhthk`.. Lstheh dohr` qul H.B. vlcçh d`c oh dèckbkh lc fhsl fucmho. Rh lstheh eblc ho`ahkh lc su bctlsc`. Tu bctlsc` slrçh yh plrglheol h lsths hoturhs… y lstheh oolcèck`sl kl tôxbd`s t`k` su `rmhcbsg` p`r lst`. Klspuâs kl trls hø`s kl kblth hcfñcmbdh, hñc tuvbg`s qul nhdlroh uc p`d` gès slvlrh. Lobgbchg`s oh fruth kl oh kblth. [lcm` qul kldbr qul lo ècbg` kl oudnh y oh f`rtholzh kl H.B, nhc sbk` lcd`gbheols. [rls hø`s kl kblth lstrbdth hcfñcmbdh, drl` sbcdlrhglctl qul nhy p`dhs plrs`chs qul o` s`p`rtlc. D`c oh kblth, d`glczhg`s lo Yhr Eb`ghmcâd`. Hphrldl oh dèckbkh lc lo prbglr bgphdt`. Y`r su mrhvlkhk, ol rld`gblck` oh d`gebchdbôc kl GGT y Yhr Eb`, hsç hd`rthrçhg`s lo cñglr` kl slsb`cls… Hddlkl y d`glczhg`s lo trhthgblct`. trhthgblct`. Ulsuothk`1 < slsb`cls kl Yhr Eb`ghmcâd` phrh cbvlohr lo pN, suebr lo sbstlgh bcgucl qul tlcçh p`r o`s sulo`s s ulo`s y qul oh dèckbkh c` pukblrh s`erlvbvbr p`r c` tlclr uc ‟sulo` pr`pbdb`‗, pr`pbdb`‗, hklgès kl klebobthroh y d`ctr`ohr oh p`eohdbôc d`c oh kblth hcfñcmbdh qul c` nheçh fucdb`chk` p`r sb s`oh lc trls hø`s… y 58 kçhs kl GGT. [`khvçh c` sl o` drll. Lstè sbc bcflddbôc, ¡k`s glsls yh! l bctlcthck` hprlcklr hn`rh h vbvbr sbc tlclr qul lsthr plckblctl kl oh dèckbkh. 54; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Drl` sbcdlrhglctl qul phrh hdhehr d`c oh dèckbkh nhy qul tlclr uch sldulcdbh oômbdh kl trhthgblct`. Tb sbmuls oh sldulcdbh, lcls uch `p`rtucbkhk. Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/5984/9;/94/durhdb`c-dhckbkbhsbs-dr`cbdh/ C 1 Lc lstl p` kl dèckbkhs kl kbdbo lrrhkbdhdbôc, nl p`kbk` `eslrvhr lc gudn`s dhs`s prlslcdbh kl phrèsbt`s. Lc lst`s dhs`s sl klel hpobdhr lo pr`t`d`o` Y (phrèsbt`s), hklgès sl klel d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` Q (zhpplr) lobgbchck` phrèsbt`s lc shcmrl. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk bckbdhk` ` phrh lstl slrçh uch E kblth hklduhkh ehah lc hzñdhrls, y uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D `dhs` lo pr`t`d`o` d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthc k` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl d`gebch d`c lo pr`t`d`o` V (vhmbcho) kurhctl 4 slghchs. Lc dhs` mrhvl sl pulkl hpobdhr kl c`dnl lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) høhkbk` lo sbmublctl kçh d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`) kurhctl lo lgp` cldlshrb`. Hotlrchvhglctl sl pulkl d`gebchr d`c uc phr eb`ghmcâd`, ` thgebâc d`c homuc`s ohvhk`s vhmbchols d`c aum` kl 8< m kl Jhohcdn`l trbturhk` y kbsulot` lc 499 go kl hmuh. [hgebâc lxbstlc tlsg`cb`s k`ckl trhthgblct`s kl oh Krh. Khcblos, qul oolvh gès kl 59 hø`s trhehahck` d`c trlglcch, fucdb`chc guy eblc. Looh ldnh trlglcch lc guy plquløhs dhckhkls h o`s tlrr`cls kl hzñdhr. Ohs k`sbs s`c eblc ehahs, kl 5,< go h uc gèxbg` kl < go kl trlglcch y sl ush trlglcch chturho kl o`s ère`ols p`r uc pr`dls` kl klsohdbôc. C` ls oh trlglcch qul sl d`gprh lc flrrltlrçhs. (Dhp. 5 — [rlglcch). Dhsph Oh dhsph (Ybtyrbhsbs sbgpolx) ` furfurèdlh, ls uch rlhddbôc qul pr`v`dh d`glzôc, rlslqulkhk y lcr`aldbgblct`. Oh brrbthdbôc hdlolrh oh rlc`vhdbôc kl ohs dâouohs kl oh pblo y nhdl qul ohs dâouohs bcghkurhs sl hduguolc lc oh suplrdbl klo dulr` dheloouk`, o` qul klrbvh lc lsdhghs vbsbeols kl dhsph. Hphrldl duhck` sl pr`kudlc trls fhdt`rls sbguotèclhglctl1 uc gbdr`eb`, mrhsh sbguotèclhglctl1 lc lo dulr` dheloouk` y slcsbebobkhk lc oh pblo. 54< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Tç1 Hphrbdbôc kl lsdhghs kl d`o`r eohcd` lc lo dulr` dheloouk`, d`glzôc, rlslqulkhk y lcr`aldbgblct lcr`aldbgblct`. `. [1 Gj (E) - 52/96/85 [lcçh lo dulr` dheloouk` sld` ` d`c dhsph (rlhoglctl c` sâ duèo) klskl qul lrh uc cbø` qul pr`eâ lo dnhgpñ hcdhsph kl gbs phkrls. Eulc`, t`gâ oh e`tlooh kl sprhy ; `z (;9 m`ths kl GGT + ;9 m`ths kl s`oudbôc kl èdbk` dçtrbd` ho <9% y sl oolch kl hmuh). Lgpldâ r`dbhck` gb dheloo` p`r uc`s eulc`s 89 gbcut`s, ghshalhck` lo dulr` dheloouk` y lsl gbsg` kçh c`tâ gudnh gla`rçh. Hn`rh ; kçhs gès thrkl gb dulr` dheloouk` c` lstè sld` lc hes`out`. Y`r o` mlclrho, sbgpolglctl d`c t`dhr lo plo`, d`glczheh dhlr ‟cblvl‗ nhdbh heha` lcduhck` gb r`ph, °vlrkhk0 Eulc`, lsl pr`eolgh sldheloouk` nh bk`. C`sld` nhysl‟cblvl‗ cb sbqublrh lgpblz lgpblz` ` h rhsdhrgl fulrtl. ¡Lo dulr` hdheh kl br! Tl ful. ¡Lxdlpdb`cho! Mrhdbhs h o`s p`olgbsths kl R`utuel qul trhlrèc puct`s vèobk`s h fhv`r kl GGT p`rqul y` lrh uc lsdâpd` ho prbcdbpb`, plr` gl holmr` kl qul ol kb uch `p`rtucbkhk y gl sblct` gho p`r t`k` lo guck` qul kleh hdlrdh kl GGT d`g` sb tuvblrh bklh. R` cucdh tuvl uch bklh, s`o` d`câ o` qul oh ‟d`rrblctl prbcdbpho‗ oh dblcdbh y o`s glkb`s kl d`gucbdhdbôc gl kblr`c kl d`glr y sl fulr`c d`c ls`, p`rqul y` d`cheh dblmhglctl o` qul tlcçhc qul kldbr, y p`r ls` gl sblct` hvlrm`czhk` hn`rh. Cucdh v`y h nhdlro` kl culv`. Ohglct` t`k` lo guck` qul ful bculcdbhk` p`r o` qul kldçh y lsplr` qul vulovhc h khrsl dulcth kl qul lo GGT fucdb`ch. Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/kry-sdhop [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` K (klrght`oômbd`) 5 ô 4 vldls ho kçh sl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) kurhctl 4 slghchs. Dnhmhs Oh lcflrglkhk ` gho kl Dnhmhs ls uch lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho y pr`v`dhkh p`r lo phrèsbt` [rbphc`s`gh 546 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; druzb. Tl pr`phmh p`r oh pbdhkurh kl o`s bcsldt`s rlkñvbk`s y ls uc` kl o`s ghy`rls pr`eolghs kl shouerbkhk lc Tukhgârbdh. Klebk` h oh bcgbmrhdbôc, oh lcflrglkhk thgebâc thgebâc hfldth h plrs`chs lc o`s Lsthk`s \cbk`s. Tç1 Oh lcflrglkhk kl Dnhmhs lcl k`s fhsls1 oh hmukh y oh drôcbdh. Oh fhsl hmukh pulkl prlslcthrsl sbc sçct`ghs ` d`c sçct`ghs guy olvls, qul bcdouylc1 lerl, gholsthr mlclrho, nbcdnhzôc nbcdnhzôc kl uc `a` (sb oh pbdhkurh lstè dlrdh kl âstl), èrlh bchghkh y lcr`aldbkh lc lo sb` kl oh pbdhkurh klo bcsldt`. Klspuâs kl oh fhsl hmukh, oh lcflrglkhk lctrh lc rlgbsbôc. Ls p`sbeol qul c` sl prlslctl cbcmñc `tr` sçct`gh kurhctl gudn`s hø`s. Duhck` o`s sçct`ghs choglctl sl prlslcthc, pulklc bcdoubr1 lstrløbgblct`, pr`eolghs kbmlsv`s, bcsudblcdbh dhrkçhdh, k`o`r hek`gbcho, rbtg` dhrkçhd` trlpbkhctl ` phopbthctl, kbduothkls phrh trhmhr. [1 K Yâz (H) — 5;/;/8; Hsuct`1 N`oh Ghrhvboo`sh Mlctl. N`oh Hckrlhs (gbs shouk`s guy lspldbhols h Abg Nugeol), dulct` qul klskl qul d`c`dç GGT lc c`v/kbd 5984 y d`glcdâ gbkhglctl, yh nhc phshk` uc`s duhct`s glsls. Gb Dnhmhs nh bk` dlkblck`. Yr`eâ kl t`k`. Gl d`stô gudn` p`klr d`ccuhr d`c GGT p`r cèuslhs. Ylr` lo 86 kl ghrz` 598; d`glcdâ d`c DKN 8> go 5 vldls kçh nhsth lo 48 kl ghrz`. Lclghs d`c GGT y purmhs. Eulcçsbg`. Hn`rh klsdhcs` uc p`d` d`c 699 go hmuh d`c 6 go kl DKN kbhrb`s. Lc uc lgpbt` gès vulov` h nhdlr hcèobsbs kl Dnhmhs lc Bcstut` Fhthoh Dnhelc. V`y prlphrhck` gb tlsg`cb` qul nl ushk`. GGT. Yr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 pr`t`d`o` E). Ehø`s kl bcglrsbôc d`c GGT (ls` dbdhtrbzô gbs lrupdb`cls). Mèrmhrhs. Ohvhk` klctho d`c GGT. Vhs` lc e`dh. Vhs` phrh hspbrhr p/vçhs rlspbrht`rbhs. Tprhy GGT lc o`s g`glct`s gès mrhvls d`c KGT@. Obgpblzh kl t`kh oh dhsh d`c GGT (d`o`dhck` vhs`s lc nhebthdb`cls y dlrrhck`) y obgpbhck` d`c lo hmuh klo ehø` kl bcglrsbôc. Yr`t`d`o` kl e`osh (gl nl nldn` uch d`c oh duho pulk` slcthrgl y t`k` y s`o` kla` gb dhrh hfulrh). Ylr` o` gès bgp`rthctl ls qul lst`y hdvh. Gl vulov` h rld`c`dlr h gç gbsgh. [`k` lcl GGT (o`s lcvhsls kl dnhgpñ y lcauhmuls dhpbohr). Uldbâc lstl aulvls kl Yhsduh nl bgprls` lo ober` kl Abg d`c su f`t` lc d`o`r lc oh thph. ¡¡Eulcçsbg`!! y lst`y d`csbmublck` hrdbooh vlrkl y lrrh kl kbht`glhs. Lcvç` 5 f`t`s, c` tlcm` rldblctls p`rqul lst`y eblc y DHTB t`k` dbdhtrbzhk` y Lcvç` 5 f`t`s, c` tlcm` rldblctls p`rqul lst`y eblc y DHTB t`k` dbdhtrbzhk` y dlrrhk`. trhthgblct` ucmrhdbhs p`qubt`y rldbehc gès y nhm` hcèobsbsyyhfldt`!!! tlsg`cb`. Ylr` klskl yh.Tbm` ¡¡¡Gudnhs, gudnhs gb rlsplt`s Fulctl1 np1//olb2=8.eo`msp`t.d`g.ls/p/dhs`s-kl-durh.ntgo 54= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Fbm. 4;1 F`t`mrhh kl ohs lsphokhs hfldthkhs Fbm. 4<1 F`t`mrhh uc gls l glkb` klspuâs p`r oh lcflrglkhk kl Dnhmhs. klo trhthgblct`. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` phrh lstllgphphr dhs` slrçh lo DKT pr`t`d`o` ` E d`g` hotlrchvh.bckbdhk` Hkbdb`choglctl, uchuobzhr mhsh lc 9,4% (7D 4999 ppg) klo frbm`rçd` y hpobdhr bcglkbhthglctl bcglkbhthglctl lcdbgh kl oh pbdhkurh ` g`rklkurh. Lo k`o`r sulol dlshr lc lo hdt`. Lstl pr`t`d`o` sbrvl phrh t`k` p` kl bcsldt`s, hrhøhs y glkushs. Lc dhs` kl uch g`rklkurh kl slrpblctl vlclc`sh, pbdhkurh kl lsd`rpbôc ` rhy rhyhh vlclc`sh, sl pulkl nhdlr bcylddb`cls kl DKB (pr`t`d`o` R) suedutèclhs ` hpobdhro` kl ghclrh qul lctrl lc oh nlrbkh, `xbkhck` oh t`xbch. Dnbjucmucyh Oh lerl kl dnbjucmucyh, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, thgeblc d`c`dbkh d`g` hrtrbs lpbkâgbdh dnbjucmucyh (DNBJ) ls uch f`rgh rldblctl kl lerl vbrho dhushkh p`r uc Hopnhvbrus, trhcsgbk` p`r oh pbdhkurh kl uc g`squbt`. Lo gbsg` qul pr`phmh lo klcmul, p`r o` qul lc homuc`s dhs`s pulklc d`ctrhlrsl hgehs bcflddb`cls. Tç1 Lo sçct`gh gès frldulctl ls oh lerl lolvhkh qul pulkl oolmhr h ;9 `D y kurhr lctrl k`s y dbcd` kçhs, o`s k`o`rls hrduohrls d`c ` sbc bchghdbôc kl ohs hrduohdb`cls kl pbls y ghc`s y `dhsb`choglctl thgebâc oh d`ougch. Lo k`o`r sulol slr pl`r p`r oh ghøhch, sl hobvbh d`c lo lalrdbdb` suhvl y lgpl`rh d`c o`s g`vbgblct`s erusd`s. K`o`rls gusduohrls y kl dhelzh, thgebâc pulklc `eslrvhrsl lrupdb`cls dutèclhs d`c ghcdnhs r`ahs lc oh pblo, qul h vldls sl hd`gphøhc kl pbd`r. 54> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [1 A O (Vz) (Vz) — 8;/85/8; 8;/85/8; Lc lo sldt`r klo Yhoghr h uc`s 8< gbcut`s kl Dnhrhoohvl, uc n`gerl kl 5< hø`s h qublc oohghrâ Hckrâs, d`c su pblo g`rlch g`ahkh lc suk`r c` p`r lo s`o sbc` p`r oh lerl, pr`flsbôc hoehøbo d`c sus erhz`s rlp`shk`s s`erl o`s n`ger`s kl su kl nlrghcbt` glc`r qul h kurhs plchsfulrtls o` p`kçh hyukhr h dhgbchr gblctrhs lstl hrrhstrheh o`s pbls y dhgbcheh lcd`rvhk`. Hckrâs oolvheh ghs kl uch slghch lc dhgh y dhsb sbc p`klr g`vlrsl p`r o`s k`o`rls hrduohrls y ohs `ohs kl lerl. Âo s`o` nheçh t`ghk` hmuh y hdlthgbc`flg qul ls lo pr`t`d`o` bckbdhk` phrh trhthr o`s sçct`ghs klo vbrus puls c` lxbstl cbcmñc trhthgblct` hcvbrho. hcvbrho. D`c gudn` k`o`r sl hd`g`kô lc oh dhgh y ol lxpobqul o` qul beh nhdlr phrh hyukhro` h phobhr lo vbrus y tlclro` lc pbl o` hctls p`sbeol. Vhg`s nhdlr k`s d`shs lxtrlghkhglc lxtrlghkhglctl tl slcdboohs, slmurhs y qul vhc nhdlr qul shomhs rèpbk` kl lsth lcflrglkhk. 8. Hut`nlg`tlrhpbh1 oh prbglrh ls oh hut`nlg`tlrhpbh, d`csbstl lc uch f`rgh kl hut`vhduch lc oh qul t`ghg`s uc p`d` kl tu shcmrl (kl 5 dd h 89 dd) y tl oh rlbcyldthg`s bctrhgusduohrglctl. Lst` phrh o`mrhr k`s d`shs1 h) Xul tu `rmhcbsg` tlcmh uch rlhddbôc bcguc`oômbdh ho vbrus y o` rld`c`zdh. e) Xul oh dulcth kl ghdrôfhm`s ghdrôfhm`s sueh phrh qul pulkh pulkh oudnhr d`ctrh looh. 5. GGT1 o` slmuck` qul vhg`s h nhdlr nhdlr ls khrtl k`sbs d`ccuhs kl hom` hom` oohghk` GGT phrh hyukhrtl h d`gehr lo vbrus. Lo GGT r`gpl oh lstrudturh pr`tlbdh klo vbrus, y lvbth qul sl sbmh rlpobdhck`, rlpobdhck`, nhdblck` qul shomhs gès rèpbk`. H phrtl lo GGT lsguoh tu sbstlgh bcguc`oômbd`. Klspuâs kl nhdlr oh hut`nlg`tlrhpbh qul kurô 5 gbcut`s lc nhdlrsl, ol g`strâ h Hckrâs d`g` hdvhr lo GGT lc uch e`tlooh kl uc obtr` phrh qul tuvblrh uch k`sbs phrh t`k` lo kçh y qul o` nbdblrh p`r o`s prôxbg`s 4 kçhs. Lc hqulooh dhsh Hckrâs c` lrh lo ñcbd` lcflrg`, nheçh uch slø`rh ghy`r y k`s cbø`s. Oh slø`rh ghy`r yh lstheh shoblck` kl oh lcflrglkhk y ol qulkhehc k`o`rls guy fulrtls lc ohs hrduohdb`cls y uc shopuoobk` r`abz` p`r t`k` lo dulrp`. O`s k`s cbø`s lsthehc lc oh lthph bcbdbho kl oh lcflrglkhk. Oh slø`rh plrgbô qul ol nbdblrhc oh hut`nlg`tlrhpbh y o`s cbø`s p`r lo gblk` h ohs hmuahs c` qubsblr`c hsç qul s`o` sl t`ghr`c GGT. Yhrh s`rprlsh gçh ‛y kbm` s`rprlsh, p`rqul c` lsplrheh qul oh rlduplrhdbôc fulrh thc rèpbkh‛ lo gudnhdn` lc oh thrkl klo `tr` kçh klspuâs kl phshr oh c`dnl y phrtl klo kçh d`c lerl gl d`gucbdh qul yh sl sblctl plrfldt`, sbc k`o`r kl cbcmñc p`, cb lerl, s`o` uc p`d` dhcshk`. Oh slø`rh fhgbobhr kl âo thgebâc hghcldbô sbc lo shopuoobk` lc lo dulrp` y hucqul d`c glc`s k`o`r hrduohr, hrduohr, lstl 542 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh plrsbsh y klspuâs kl uc phr kl kçhs sl ol qubtô. O`s cbø`s qul s`o` ushr`c GGT thrkhr`c uc phr kl kçhs plr` ho cho shoblr`c kl oh lcflrglkhk ehsthctl rèpbk`. Fulctl1 nps1//ggsohc`hglrbdh.w`rkprlss.d`g/598;/85/8;/ dnbjucmucyh-olvhcthck`-ho-n`gerl-k`eohk`/ [rhthgblct`1 Y 88< Y, J ] Lo pr`dlkbgblct`1 oolchr 4 e`tloohs kl 8/5 obtr` (86 `czhs) d`c hmuh otrhkh ` gbclrho y > go kl DKT lc dhkh e`tlooh. 8ª e`tlooh1 sl nhdlc ; t`ghs. \ch t`gh dhkh 8< gbcut`s, ` slh, sl t`gh lsth e`tlooh lc 8 n`rh. 5ª e`tlooh1 thgebâc nhdlclc ; t`ghs. slh, sl t`gh lsthsl e`tlooh 5 n`rhs.Ylr` uch t`gh dhkh 49 gbcut`s, ` 4ª e`tlooh1 thgebâc sl nhdlc ; t`ghs. Ylr` uch t`gh dhkh ;< gbcut`s, ` slh, sl t`gh lsth e`tlooh lc 4 n`rhs. Oh bklh y d`cdlpt` s`c dohr`s. Lxtlcklg`s lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` p`r gudnhs gès n`rhs lc oh shcmrl sbc klahr gudn` lgp` p`r lo glkb`, phrh qul sl ghctlcmhc o`s cbvlols hot`s lc oh shcmrl. Lo Yr`t`d`o` 88< d`c uch t`gh dhkh 8< gbcut`s ls lo bcbdbho phrh e`gehrklhr y shturhr lo sbstlgh. Rh phrh oh slmuckh y tlrdlrh e`tlooh, chkbl sl vh h qulahr kl nhelr t`ghk` thcth hmuh yh qul sl nh rlphrk` oh dhckhk lc gudnhs gès n`rhs y p`r o` thct` ls gès t`olrheol. Lc `trhs phoherhs, klhmuh lsth ghclrh, lsthrçhg`s d`csugblck` y rlphrlck` y glkb` kl lc 6 n`rhs. Ulplr lstl pr`dls` uc gçcbg` p`ruc 5 obtr` kçhs (d`cslduv`s), (d`cslduv`s ), 4 kçhs sb fulrh cldlshrb`. Kl hnç lc hklohctl sl d`ccuh d`c Yr`t`d`o` 898 (8 k`sbs p`r n`rh). C 1 Tl pulkl høhkbr lo pr`t`d`o` Q (zhpplr), yh qul ls hothglctl ldhz lc trhthgblct` vbrho. Dbètbdh Oh dbèdh (thgebâc clurbs dbèdh, dbhthombh ` ouge`dbèdh) sl rllrl ho k`o`r, klebobkhk, lctugldbgblct` u n`rgbmul` dhushk` p`r olsbôc ` prlsbôc 5;9 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; s`erl lo clrvb` dbèd`, qul d`gblczh lc oh rlmbôc ougehr y ehah p`r oh phrtl p`stlrb`r kl dhkh pblrch. Tç1 N`rgbmul` olvl, hrk`r ` k`o`r s`rk` ` hmuk`, qul sl sblctl lc oh z`ch ougehr, ougehr, moñtl`s, ` kbvlrshs phrtls kl oh pblrch y lo pbl. Lo k`o`r `durrl gès h glcuk` lc uc d`sthk`, lc uch phrtl kl oh pblrch ` oh dhklrh, lc oh phrtl p`stlrb`r kl oh phct`rrbooh ` lc oh pohcth klo pbl. Oh pblrch hfldth hfldthkh kh pulkl slcrsl kâebo y lo pbl sl pulkl qulkhr „htrhphk`‒ ho dhgbchr. [1 A (H) — 86/88/85 N`oh qublr` kldbrols d`g` gl hyukô gudn` lo GGT, plrs`choglctl phrh gç, ls ghrhvboo`s`, drl` lc âo y o` d`csug` klskl flerlr` klo 5985. Yrbglr` d`g` t`k`s c` lstheh slmurh, plr` duhck` fub bcvlsmhck` gès y vblck` o`s vbkl`s y d`cflrlcdbhs s`erl lstl supolglct` gbclrho, oh vlrkhk, qulkâ fhsdbchkh puls ho ollr o`s tlsg`cb`s kl ohs plrs`chs kl dôg` sl nhc gla`rhk` y nhsth bcdous` shchk` kl lcflrglkhkls qul o`s gâkbd`s d`csbklrhehc bcdurheols ` drôcbdhs y gb kukh chdl h phrr kl hquç, p`rqul nl t`ghk` gudnhs hotlrchvhs y c` gl rlsuothr`c, plr` kldbkç pr`ehr uch vlz gès h vlr qul phsheh. T`y uch plrs`ch qul nl oolvhk` dblrt`s klsôrklcls hobglcdb`s y eulc`, drl` qul hn`rh lst`y phmhck` ohs d`csldulcdbhs. R` sufrçh kl oh mhstrbs, lo nçmhk`,, kl d`olstlr`o, trbmobdârbk`s y s`erl t`k` o` pl`r y c` sl o` klsl` h chkbl nçmhk` gb pr`eolgh d`c oh d`ougch, oh fhg`sh dbèdh. Klspuâs kl br h thct`s gâkbd`s c` pulk` clmhr qul gl slch hobvbhkh kl o`s pr`eolghs qul klsdrbe`, plr` lo gès frustrhct frustrhctll y kbdbo phrh gç ful oh dbèdh yh qul phkldçh kl loo` klskl nhdl 6 glsls. C` p`kçh lsthr ldnhkh, slcthkh, cb phrhkh gudn` lgp`. Gl rlhobzhr`c vhrb`s lxèglcls kl oh d`ougch, lc kbvlrshs doçcbdhs, prbglr` gl kbalr`c qul tlcçh uch surh lc uch kl gbs vlrtlerhs, gl shdhr`c pohdhs, gl nbdblr`c oh rls`chcdbh ghmcâdh y klsdhrthr`c lo kbhmcôsd` kl oh surh, plr` c` gl hobvbhr`c lo gholsthr, puls gl rldlthr`c hchomâsbd`s y gudn` rlp`s`, klaâ lo trheha` y nhsth lsthr lc dhsh lrh uc pr`eolgh p`rqul c` gl p`kçh g`vlr. D`c gudn` tlg`r y kukhs kl qul slh d`g` o`s klgès trhthgblct`s qul oolvâ, t`gl GGT p`rqul qulrçh qul sl gl fulrh lo pr`eolgh kl oh dbèdh, hsç qul lo pr`t`d`o` c`dnl, prbglr`y4ghrl`s, m`ths ohhprbglrh oulm`slmuç 6 m`ths, d`glcdâdn`qul h slcrlc ucohp`d` kl cèuslhs oh glkbht`gh, n`rh sl gl phshr`c o`s ghrl`s y gl fub h k`rgbr. Ho klsplrthr gl kb dulcth qul yh c` gl k`oçh oh lsphokh ` oh d`ougch, c` p`kçh drllro`, hsç qul slmuç t`ghck` 5;8 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh lo GGT p`r vhrb`s kçhs gès y lo k`o`r c` gl v`ovçh y sbc khrgl dulcth o`s klgès pr`eolghs kl mhstrbs drôcbdh, nçmhk`, lo d`olstlr`o y o`s trbmobdârbk`s phshr`c h slr slduckhrb`s y qulkhr`c kl ohk`. °Y`r quâ kbm` qul sl gl phsô o` klo d`olstlr`o y trbmobdârbk`s0 p`rqul o`s sçct`ghs klshphrldblr`c (chuslhs y ghrl`s ho d`glr d`gbkhs d`c hot`s d`ctlcbk`s kl mrhsh). Klskl hnç sl o` k`y h gb ghgè phrh oh prlsbôc y `tr`s pr`eolghs pr`pb`s kl oh lkhk. Mrhdbhs p`r tlclr lstl sb`, sblgprl o` rld`gblck` y gudnhs elckbdb`cls y âxbt`s p`r oh eulch ohe`r qul nhdlc. Thouk`s Ahkbtn. Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/ghohkbls/`tnlr0sthrt759 [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls kçh. Tl d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) hpobdhk` lc ohhoz`ch. Klpulkl c`dnld`gebchr sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). Dbrr`sbs nlpè nlpètbdh tbdh Oh dbrr`sbs nlpèdh, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho ls oh ñogh fhsl kl oh lcflrglkhk nlpèdh drôcbdh, lc oh qul lo nçmhk` sl kltlrb`rh olcth l brrlvlrsbeolglctl klebk` h uch olsbôc. Lo tlabk` shc` klo nçmhk` sl sustuyl p`r tlabk` dbdhtrbdbho, eo`qulhck` phrdbhoglctl oh dbrduohdbôc kl oh shcmrl h trhvâs klo nçmhk`. Lst` kltlrb`rh su dhphdbkhk phrh1 d`ctr`ohr ohs bcflddb`cls, lobgbchr ohs ehdtlrbhs y ohs t`xbchs kl oh shcmrl, pr`dlshr o`s cutrblctls, n`rg`chs y glkbdhglct`s, fherbdhr ohs pr`tlçchs qul rlmuohc oh d`hmuohdbôc shcmuçclh y pr`kudbr ebobs phrh hyukhr h hes`relr mrhshs, bcdoubk` d`olstlr`o y vbthgbchs. Tç1 Klebobkhk, fhmh, pârkbkh kl hplt`, cèuslhs, vôgbt`s, pârkbkh kl pls`, k`o`r hek`gbcho l nbcdnhzôc duhck` sl hduguoh oçqubk` lc lo hek`glc, pbdhzôc, vhs`s shcmuçcl`s shcmuçcl`s lc f`rgh kl hrhøh dlrdh kl oh suplrdbl kl oh pblo. 5;5 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [1 D K (D) — ;/=/84 Hckrlhs, tl lcvç` hcèobsbs kl oh durh t`tho kl oh dbrr`sbs nlpèdh, phrh mo`rbh klo mrhc trheha` qul rlhobzhc Abg N. y tu. Lo hrdnbv`dN5, dN8logulstrh duhck` ful kltldthk` lo gho. Hrdnbv` phdblctl ls trhthk` p`r gâkbd` hoôphth y s`o` d`csbmul brrbthr lo d`o`c y kbsgbcubr uc p`d` lo bvu rlcho y lo phdblctl ls klshnudbhk` p`r lo hvhcdl kl oh dbrr`sbs nlpèdh kèck`ol < h > glsls kl vbkh. D`c`zd` ho phdblctl lc Vlrhdrñz (Gâxbd`) lo kçh 2 kl flerlr` y ls trhthk` d`c o`s sbmublctls pr`t`d`o`s1 • Yr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 pr`t`d`o` E) y lclghs. • Ulsthur Ulsthurhdbôc hdbôc kl oh shouk1 shouk1 5 glsls y 8; kçhs. kçhs. Tl lcvçh ho phdblctl h \TM nlpèd` (\otrhT`c`Mrhh - uotrhs`cbk`) y vçhs ebobhrls y lo s`rprlcklctl rlsuothk` sl pulkl vlr lc lo hrdnbv` dN4. Dhusô d`cg`dbôc hoôphth, c` o` p`kçhc drllr qul nhyh shchk` lo phdblctl… ¡¡¡\c herhz herhz`!!! `!!! Fbm. 46 y 4=1 Hcèobsbs doçcbd` (hrdnbv`s dN8 y dN5) kl Oubs Hrc`ok` Qhvhoh K`chtn. 5;4 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Fbm. 4>1 Hcèobsbs doçcbd` (hrdnbv` dN4) kl Oubs Hrc`ok` Qhvhoh K`chtn. Fulctl1 l-ghbo lcvbhk` ho hut`r [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`) ` D (DKT) d`g` hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) dhkh k`s kçhs nhsth su rlgbsbôc. Dbstbtbs ` bcflddbôc urbchrbh Oh dbss, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls oh bchghdbôc hmukh ` drôcbdh kl oh vlabmh urbchrbh, d`c bcflddbôc ` sbc looh. Tç1 O`s sçct`ghs gès frldulctls s`c lo huglct` lc oh cldlsbkhk kl `rbchr, bcdous` kurhctl oh c`dnl, k`o`r bctlcs` lc oh rlmbôc suprhpñebdh (s`erl oh vlabmh), hrk`r y kbduothk, ` bcdous` k`o`r kurhctl ` klspuâs kl `rbchr. [hgebâc pulkl prlslcthr `rbch turebh tur ebh hd`gphøhkh ` c` kl pburbh (huglct` kl o`s olud`dbt`s lc oh `rbch) ` nlghturbh (prlslcdbh kl nlghls lc oh `rbch). Tulol br hd`gphøhkh thgebâc p`r gho `o`r `o`r.. Lc o`s cbø`s glc`rls kl dbcd` hø`s ls frldulctl qul o`s sçct`ghs hk`ptlc f`rghs gès bgprldbshs d`g` klebobkhk 5;; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; mlclrho, brrbthebobkhk, fhoth kl hplt` ` vôgbt`s. Lc plrs`chs ghy`rls, o`s sçct`ghs pulklc d`gpobdhrsl d`c klebobkhk, d`cfusbôc, lerl ` dhçkhs. [1 Y (H) — 88/6/88 Eulchs c`dnls, ls uch elckbdbôc shelr qul hn`rh GGT lstè lc D`o`gebh. Gb tlsg`cb` ls guy mrhckl, y` vbv` lc Hustrhobh klskl nhdl 6 hø`s, (hn`rh lst`y lc D`o`gebh p`r vhdhdb`cls), ful hooç k`ckl klsduerç lo GGT. O` d`glcdâ h bcvlsmhr, p`r uc klsl` kl qulrlr durhr h homuchs plrs`chs h gb horlklk`r qul phkldlc kbflrlctls kbflrlctls lcflrglkhkls, olç y olç gudnh bcf`rghdbôc, y d`glcdâ h bcvlsmhr gès hdlrdh kl t`kh oh glkbdbch hotlrchvh. R` sufrç kl dbss klskl nhdl gudn`s hø`s y uc k`o`r kl dhelzh lc oh phrtl ehah kl htrès, sblgprl sl gl hduguoheh lstl k`o`r, k`o`r, d`glcdâ h t`ghro`, y sbc glcrols lc uch slghch sl s l gl nheçh klshphrldbk` oh dbss. Ho prbcdbpb` plcsâ qul lrh tlgp`rho, plr` hn`rh nhc phshk` > glsls y cucdh ghs vulot` h ohslcr lstl gho. Lo k`o`r kl dhelzh sl plobmr`s`, gl qubtô yls` slc d`g` sl glnlrlduplrô lclrmçh… ls bgprlsb`chctl, y c` ls o` pulk` hslmurhr. O` qul phsh ls qul lstl guck` lstè oolc` kl glcrhs, y oh mlctl ol drll gès h ohs lgprlshs fhrghdâudhs qul h uch plrs`ch qul hucqul c` ls gâkbd`, sb lcl uc eulc d`rhzôc y lcl lo klsl` kl hyukhr h oh nughcbkhk. Lc lstl g`glct` qul lst`y lc D`o`gebh, ol nl khk` lstl glkbdhglct` h 4 plrs`chs y lc t`khs sl nhc vbst` rlsuothk`s p`sbv`s. Ols lsthrâ d`cthck` d`cthck` gès hklohctl d`g` sbmublr`c. Gudnhs elckbdb`cls h t`k`s. Fulctl1 nps1//ggsohc`hglrbdh.w`rkprlss.d`g/tlsg`cb`s/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` V (vhmbcho) lc gualrls ` U (rldtho d`c plrbooh) phrh vhr`cls. Lc dhs`s mrhvls, sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) hotlrchck` lo sbmublctl kçh d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). D`olstlr`o Lo d`olstlr`o hot` ls… (°uc gbt`0) Hucqul dhsb oh gbthk kl oh p`eohdbôc ghy`r kl 59 hø`s lcl vho`rls kl d`olstlr`o d`csbklrhk`s hot`s, lst` c` ls uch lcflrglkhk y nhy t`k` uc gbt` horlklk`r klo d`olstlr`o. 5;< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Lo d`olstlr`o ls uc pr`kudt` quçgbd` mlclrhk mlclrhk` ` p`r lo nçmhk`, cldlshrb` phrh lo d`rrldt` fucdb`chgblct` kl dblrths n`rg`chs, kl o`s èdbk`s kbmlsv`s y kl ohs lstrudturhs d`rp`rhols. Lxbstlc k`s dohsls kl d`olstlr`o ` kl obp`pr`tlçchs1 d`olstlr`o eulc` (NKO) y d`olstlr`o gho` (OKO). Lo supulsthglctl gho` sl hduguoh lc ohs hrtlrbhs y lo eulc` o` lobgbch kl âsths. @evbhglctl oh `estruddbôc kl ohs vlchs y hrtlrbhs h dhush klo d`olstlr`o gho`, rlstrbcml oh dbrduohdbôc d`rrldth kl oh shcmrl nhdbh lo d`rhzôc y ho rlst` klo `rmhcbsg` y lst` pulkl hdhrrlhr kbflrlctls lcflrglkhkls d`g`1 hrtlrb`sdolr`sbs, hddbklctl dlrler`vhsduohr, hcmbch kl pldn` y lcflrglkhkls d`r`chrbhs. Tl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr qul o`s cbvlols kl d`olstlr`o sl rlmuohc lc ohs plrs`chs qul t`ghc kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Lo kbôxbk` c` hfldth lo d`olstlr`o, plr` sç lobgbch oh bchghdbôc h trhvâs kl oh `xbkhdbôc kl nbsthgbch y kl oh hodhobcbzhdbôc klo lct`rc`. \ch vlz lobgbchkh oh dhush, lo dulrp` sl hut` rlmuoh y d`c âo o`s cbvlols kl d`olstlr`o. Tç1 Nhsth lo g`glct` c` lxbstl cbcmñc sçct`gh d`ctucklctl qul, sbc hcèobsbs kl shcmrl, hyukl h bklcdhr qul sl phkldl kl lsth d`ckbdbôc: sbc lgehrm`, o`s ‟supulst`s‗ ‟supulst `s‗ lxplrt`s nhc rlohdb`chk` oh rldurrlcdbh kl dblrt`s sçct`ghs d`c lo rblsm` kl lsthroh klshrr`oohck`1 C 1 Tl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lcl uc lfldt` g`kuoht`rb` s`erl o`s cbvlols kl d`olstlr`o: ls kldbr, o`s cbvloh kl ghclrh d`rrldth. Nhy gudn`s tlsg`cb`s qul o` nhc p`kbk` d`glcthr d`g` lfldt` slduckhrb` kl `tr`s trhthgblct`s. Lo d`olstlr`o hot` c` ls thct` pr`eolgh, s`c gès eblc o`s trbmobdârbk`s y lxbstl gudnh d`ctr`vlrsbh, bcdous` lc oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho s`erl lo trhthgblct`. [rhthgblct`1 Lo trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh lo pr`t`d`o` D, ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, kurhctl kurhctl 4 slghchs. 5;6 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; D`obtbs uodlr`sh Oh d`obs uodlr`sh lcflrglkhk kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho ls uch lcflrglkhk bchght`rbh d`o`c (lokl bctlsc` klo d`o`c. rldt`. Lstè dhrhdtlrbzhkh dhrhdtlrbzhkh p`r oh bchghdbôc yklo uodlrhdbôc oh phrlkmruls`) bctlrb`ry klo Tç1 K`o`r hek`gbcho lc oh z`ch vlctrho vlctrho y dôobd`s, shcmrl y p`sbeolglctl pus lc ohs nldls, kbhrrlh p`d` ` guy frldulctl, lerl, slcshdbôc kl qul sl cldlsbth lvhduhr ohs nldls, hucqul o`s bctlsc`s lstâc vhdç`s, pulkl bgpobdhr lsfulrz`, k`o`r y dôobd`s, pârkbkh kl pls`. Lc o`s cbø`s pulkl rholczhr su drldbgblct`. @tr`s sçct`ghs pulklc slr k`o`r l nbcdnhzôc hrduohr, hrduohr, oohmhs eudhols, cèuslhs y vôgbt`s y ñodlrhs kl oh pblo. [1 Hô (Lø) — 8>/4/84 Lstuvl kurhctl uc hø` shcmrhck` lc ohs klfldhdb`cls t`k`s o`s kçhs, t`k`s, t`k`s, t`k`s o`s kçhs. H o`s slbs glsls gès ` glc`s fub ho gâkbd` y lct`cdls gl nbdblr`c uch d`o`c`sd`pbh y gl kbhmc`sdhr`c uch d`obs uodlr`sh, lct`cdls vç lc ohs a`rchkhs qul sl nbdblr`c lc Oolbkh, nhrè uc hø` ghs ` glc`s ` hsç lc uch d`cflrlcdbh, phrdbpô Hckrlhs, c` lrh lo ñcbd` p`clctl. Lrh uc eb`sbd` qul lstheh p`r hnç l nbz` uch phrdbphdbôc. Gl phrldbô guy d`nlrlctl y h phrr kl hnç gl d`cslmuç y` p`r gb dulcth lo GGT y eulc` ol d`csuotâ lc uc g`glct`1 ‟°qul tl phrldl0‗. C` o` tlcçh guy dohr` y gl kba`1 ‟sç, nhztl uchs prulehs kl vbrus‗. Oh dulsôc ls qul hñc hsç pr`eâ, dhgebâ kl kblth, lstuvl vblck` n`glôphths y dhkh kçh shcmrheh nhsth qul oolmô uc puct` qul gl lgpldâ h prl`duphr y lct`cdls pr`eâ. H o`s trls kçhs kl t`ghr GGT ohs nldls lrhc guy `sdurhs y yh cucdh gès nl vulot` h shcmrhr. Rh thgp`d` o` t`g` t`k`s o`s kçhs. O` t`g` kl vlz lc duhck` sb c`t` homñc sçct`gh, d`csphk` ` o` qul slh, plr` yh c` o` t`g` d`c gudnh rlmuohrbkhk. Lstl ls gb tlsg`cb`. Fulctl1 nps1//y`utu.el/[VbzVo^d4`m 5;= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh @tr` tlstlg`cb`1 D Va U (D) — 8>/85/84 Klskl nhdl 59 hø`s sufr` kl d`obs uodlr`sh y, klspuâs kl t`ghr 5 vldls lo pr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 pr`t`d`o` E) kl GGT, lstl ls lo rlsuothk` kl gb d`o`c`sd`pbh t`ghkh lc uch kl ohs gla`rls ¡!Mrhdbhs Hckrlhs! ¡Mrhdbhs‛sbc` GGT!oh gla`r‛ doçcbdhs kl Dnbol. Fulctl1 dhrth y rlsuothk` kl oh eb`psbh lcvbhk`s ho hut`r Fbm. 421 Ulsuothk` kl oh d`o`c`sd`pbh. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` U (rldtho d`c plrbooh) kurhctl 8 h 4 glsls slmñc mrhvlkhk. Kl c`dnl sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) sb ls cldlshrb`. D`cauctbvbtbs Oh d`caucvbs ls oh bchghdbôc ` bcflddbôc kl oh dhph d`caucvh, glgerhch gud`sh qul rlduerl lo bctlrb`r kl o`s pèrphk`s y qul sl lxlckl h oh phrtl hctlrb`r klo mo`e` `duohr. 5;> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Tç1 Lcr`aldbgblct` y ohmrbgl`, vbsbôc e`rr`sh, k`o`r kl `a`s, slcsbebobkhk h oh ouz Lcr`aldbgblct` (f`t`f`ebh), (f`t`f `ebh), pbdhzôc y `tr`s sbmc`s, klplckblck` kl su dhush1 olmhøhs ghtuchs lc ohs bcflddb`shs, mhcmob`s huglcthk`s kl thghø` lc ohs vçrbdhs, ` prurbt` lc ohs hoârmbdhs. [1 Y E (LL. \\.) — 5</>/8; Gb nba`, kl 5 hø`s y glkb` sl bcfldtô d`c d`caucvbs lc oh muhrklrçh. Oh bcflddbôc nheçh klshphrldbk` klspuâs kl k`s kçhs kl trhthgblct` d`c GGT. Nl glzdohk` 5 m`ths kl GGT hdvhs d`c hpr`xbghkhglctl hpr`xbghkhglctl 49 go kl hmuh. Lc prbglr oumhr, nl bctlcthk` d`cgbm` phrh vlr sb nheçh homuch qulghkurh. C` lstheh gho phrh gç, sôo` qulgheh uc p`d` plr` hmrlmuâ kl 8< h 59 go kl hmuh hkbdb`cho y oh slcshdbôc klspuâs kl ls` ful d`g` p`clrsl m`ths phrh o`s `a`s. D`c lsth s`oudbôc nbdbg`s ; kçhs kl trhthgblct`, 8 m`th, p`r o`s `a`s, p`r oh ghøhch, thrkl y c`dnl. Lc lo slmuck` kçh kl oh d`caucvbs sl nheçh bk`. Tlmubg`s 5 kçhs gès phrh hslmurhrc`s qul sl nheçh bk` klo t`k`. Lc uc gls gb `tr` nba`, kl 89 hø`s, thgebâc tuv` uch bcflddbôc lc o`s `a`s, qul bcdous` c` fubg`s h d`gpr`ehr o` qul lrh. Tl nhc trhthk` d`c oh gbsgh s`oudbôc kl GGT y lc 5; n`rhs sus `a`s v`ovblr`c h oh c`rghobkhk. Hklgès, nlg`s trhthk` uch mrbpl uc phr kl vldls, y uch vlz uc nlrpls d`c âxbt`. Lsplr` qul hyukl. Mrhdbhs Abg. Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/hoo-ggs-tlsg`cbhos [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` @ (`hog`-oômbd`) d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) kurhctl 4 h = kçhs, slmñc lo mrhk`. Klglcdbh Oh klglcdbh ls oh pârkbkh kl oh fucdbôc dlrlerho qul `durrl h dhush kl dblrths lcflrglkhkls. Hfldth h oh glg`rbh, lo plcshgblct` plcshgblct`,, lo olcmuhal, lo aubdb` y lo d`gp`rthgblct` l bcnhebobth ho phdblctl phrh rlhobzhr hdvbkhkls kl oh vbkh kbhrbh. Gblctrhs oh lcflrglkhk lv`oudb`ch, sl pulkl `eslrvhr oh pârkbkh kl oh `rblcthdbôc thct` lsphdb`-tlgp`rho, lsphdb`-tlgp`rho, d`g` kl bklckhk. Oh klglcdbh pulkl slr rlvlrsbeol rlvlrsbe ol ` brrlvlrsbeo brrlvlrsbeoll slmñc lo `rbmlc l`oômb` klo kls`rklc. 5;2 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Tç1 Oh klglcdbh hphrldl prbglr` mlclrhoglctl mlclrhoglctl d`g` „`ovbk`‒ y sl kbflrlcdbh klo kltlrb`r` d`mcbv` olvl (KDO) p`rqul bctlrlrl d`c ohs hdvbkhkls d`kbhchs. sçct`ghs pulklc kbduothk thrlhs qul O`s lxbmlc plcshrtlgprhc`s uc p`d`, plr` qul bcdoubr1 s`oçhc slr fèdbols, phrh thols rlhobzhr d`g` oolvhr lo shok` kl oh dnlqulrh, phrdbphr lc aulm`s ` hprlcklr culvh bcf`rghdbôc ` ruchs, plrklrsl lc ruths fhgbobhrls, pr`eolghs klo olcmuhal d`g` tlclr kbduothk phrh lcd`ctrhr lo c`gerl kl `ealt`s d`c`dbk`s, plrklr bctlrâs lc d`shs qul prlvbhglctl kbsfrutheh, lsthk` hcçgbd` bckbflrlctl, lxtrhvbhr d`shs, dhgeb`s kl plrs`chobkhk y pârkbkh kl ohs nhebobkhkls s`dbhols, qul d`ckudlc h d`gp`rthgblct`s d`gp`rthgblct `s bchpr`pbhk`s. [1 K (LL. \\.) — 52/6/85 phkrl tuv` uchhpr`xbghkhglctl `plrhdbôc lc oh lsphokh y sl lcd`ctrheh eha`Gb hclstlsbh kurhctl < n`rhs. guy Lc lomrhvl p`st`plrht`rb` lstheh d`cfuckbk`. H glkbkh qul su lsthcdbh lc lo n`spbtho pr`mrlsô, âo rltr`dlkbô. Lstheh lxplrbglcthck` lxplrbglcthck` klglcdbh sbmcbdhvh. O`s gâkbd`s kbalr`c qul oh dbrumçh sôo` kbô h ouz y lo pr`eolgh kl f`ck` yh lstheh hooç. Gb phkrl, d`c => (lc lsl g`glct`) lstheh guy shoukheol hctls kl oh dbrumçh. \c kçh rld`rkâ lo GGT8 y kldbkç khrol uch `p`rtucbkhk h gb phpè. Yhrh lct`cdls yh lstheh lc tlrhpbh hsbskh. Nbdl lo pr`t`d`o` kl Dohrh lc âo y lc lo g`glct` lc qul gl fub lsl kçh lstheh gudn` gès oñdbk`. V`ovç ho kçh sbmublctl y o` gbsg` d`c uch gla`rh hñc ghy`r. Ho tlrdlr kçh, klspuâs kl ohs k`sbs, ful kl culv` âo gbsg` y dhphz kl v`ovlr h dhsh. Tb c` fulrh p`r lo GGT c` drl` qul nueblrh sbk` dhphz kl klahr oh vbkh hsbskh. Tl lstheh p`cblck` pl`r y pl`r, sbc shelr kôckl lstheh cb qublc ârhg`s. ¡Lstheh thc lg`db`chkh! ¡Lo GGT fucdb`ch kl vlrkhk! ¡Mrhdbhs p`r su d`gpr`gbs` kl hyukhr h o`s klgès! Fulctl1 np1//mlclsbs5dnurdn.`rm/obst-hoo-ggs-tlsg`cbhos [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh kl ghclrh d`ccuh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) hpobdhk` lc oh cudh y d`ougch vlrtlerho kurhctl 4 slghchs y uch kl klsdhcs`, y thgebâc d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O duhck` sl ehøh lo phdblctl. Tl rlpbtl lo pr`t`d`o` dhkh gls. 5<9 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Klcmul Lo klcmul, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho ls uch lcflrglkhk bcflddb`sh dhushkh p`r lo vbrus klo klcmul, klo mâclr` hvbvbrus `ccuhg dho`pus qul. ls trhcsgbkh p`r g`squbt`s, prbcdbphoglctl p`r lo ug`squbt` Hlkls hlmyp Tç1 O`s sçct`ghs hphrldlc kl 4 h 8; kçhs (pr`glkb` ; h = kçhs) klspuâs kl oh pbdhkurh bcfldvh bcfldvh y s`c1 lerl lolvhkh (;9 ±D) hd`gphøhkh kl k`o`r kl dhelzh guy bctlcs` y kltrès kl o`s mo`e`s `duohrls, k`o`rls gusduohrls y hrduohrls, cèuslhs, vôgbt`s, hmrhckhgblct` kl mhcmob`s obcfèd`s ` shrpuoobk`. Lo klcmul mrhvl ls uch d`gpobdhdbôc p`tlcdbhoglctl g`rtho, p`rqul dursh d`c lxtrhvhsbôc kl pohsgh, hduguohdbôc kl oçqubk`s, kbduothk rlspbrht`rbh, rlspbrht`rbh, nlg`rrhmbhs mrhvls ` fhoo` `rmècbd`. [1 Uf U @ (H) — 5;/6/8< F1 5; a 598<, 581<= V O H, Cq H1 D\UH KL KLCM\L Lstbghk` Hckrlhs, tl sbm` klskl qul d`c`dç vulstr` trheha` ho lcflrghrgl lc oh slovh e`obvbhch kl klcmul. Ulhoglctl o` phsâ guy gho, plr` o` pl`r t`khvçh lstheh p`r vlcbr. Klspuâs kl oh lthph kl duhtr` kçhs kl fblerls guy hoth rlmrlsl h Hrmlctbch y gbs hrtbduohdb`cls qulkhr`c klstrubkhs. Nl trhehahk` lc loldtr` glkbdbch t`kh gb vbkh y fherbd` rlhdt`rls kl `z`c` phrh lstlrbobzhr qubrôfhc`s, tlrhpbhs, cl`cht`o`mçh ltd. Lc lstl vbhal fub bcsthohr lqubp`skl h n`spbthols y gl d`cthmbâ klklklcmul. Lstheh guyh gho y glsbltl d`glcthr`c oh lxbstlcdbh kl GGT y hom` bcf`rghdbôc. Oolmuâ h Hrmlcch y dhkh kçh qul phsheh gl lcflrgheh gès. C` p`kçh hmhrrhr o`s dueblrt`s phrh d`glr, c` p`kçh ehahr kl oh dhgh p`r lo k`o`r kl t`eboo`s, ltd. Gl pusl lc d`cthdt` d`c kr`mulrçhs y d`cslmuç ohs shols kl do`rbt` kl s`kb` y èdbk` dçtrbd`. [us muçhs lc vçkl`s gl sbrvblr`c phrh prlphrhro`s y lgpldâ h pr`ehr d`c k`s m`ths dhkh n`rh y klspuâs kl k`s kçhs d`c trls m`ths, gb hs`ger` ful qul ho duhrt` kçh yh dhsb c` slch lo k`o`r lc t`eboo`s y guøldhs y gbs klk`s sl h`ahr`c. Eulc`, qublr` d`cthrtl qul n`y lst`y plrfldt` y t`g` s`o` 5 m`ths lc oh ghøhch y 5 lcd`c oh c`dnl, qublr` hmrhkldlrtl p`r tuytrheha` y h t`khs ohscldlsbtlc. plrs`chs qul trhehahc lo d`rhzôc y c` d`c o`s e`osboo`s lst`y phrh o` qul Gl pulklc p`clr lc sus lsthkçsdhs. [l ghck` uc herhz` y mrhdbhs mrhdbhs culvhglctl. [`k` o` qul sl nhdl d`c hg`r shol eblc… 5<8 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Lc uc` kl o`s n`spbthols lc k`ckl bcsthoâ uc` kl o`s lqubp`s, lo kbrldt`r klo gbsg` gl nbz` o`s hcèobsbs lc lo g`glct` y hnç gl shobô qul lfldv lfldvhglctl hglctl lstheh d`cthmbhk`. d`cthmbhk`. C` tlcm` lc gb p`klr lstl hcèobsbs, o` qul sb tl pulk` kldbr ls qul lo hctls ful tlrrbeol y lo klspuâs ful d`g` c` nhelr tlcbk` klcmul. O` qul thgebâc tl pulk` kldbr ls qul lo klcmul lc gb dulrp` gl klaô kl uc kçh phrh lo `tr` d`c hrtrbs rlught`bklh, y lc kçhs uobzhck` GGT sl gl ful t`thoglctl. t`thoglct l. O` slmuç t`ghck` p`r uc lgp`. Fulctl1 l-ghbo lcvbhk` ho hut`r [rhthgblct`1 K è ( è) Lo trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh lo pr`t`d`o` F (frldulctl) slmubk` p`r lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh. h otlrchvh. Tl d`gebch d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) phrh o`s k`o`rls hrduohrls, y phrh oh lerl ` oh dlfholh d`c lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh). Lc dhs` kl pbdhzôc, sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). Klprlsbôc Oh klprlsbôc, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho sl pr`kudl duhck` lo lsthk` kl ècbg` kl uc bckbvbku` lc uc kltlrgbchk` g`glct` kl su vbkh, sufrl slcgblct`s slvlr`s y pr`o`cmhk`s kl trbstlzh ` sçct`ghs rlohdb`chk`s, qul hfldthc h su dhphdbkhk phrh rlohdb`chrsl d`c `tr`s, trhehahr ` hfr`cthr lo kçh h kçh. Tç1 Oh trbstlzh, lo hehgblct`, lo klsècbg`, oh duophebobkhk, lo klrr`sg`, lo plsbgbsg` drôcbd` vbst` d`g` uc phshkbz` `sdur` sbc p`sbebobkhk kl shobkh ` oh rlhobkhk vbsth h trhvâs kl uchs mhfhs `sdurhs bgp`sbeols kl qubthrsl y qul bgpbklc vlr oh ouz lc dhkh sbtuhdbôc, s`c o`s lsthk`s kl ècbg` kl uc klprlsbv`. Lc o`s cbø`s y hk`olsdlctls lo lsthk` kl ècbg` pulkl slr brrbtheol. Kbsgbcudbôc hdushkh klo bctlrâs ` kl oh dhphdbkhk phrh lo pohdlr lc t`khs ` dhsb •t`khs ohs hdvbkhkls. Yârkbkh bgp`rthctl kl pls` ` huglct` kl pls`. • Bcs`gcb` ` nbplrs`gcbh. • Hmbthdbôc ` lcolctldbgblc lcolctldbgblct` t` psbd`g`t`rls. 5<5 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; • Tlcgblct`s kl bcuobkhk bcuobkhk ` kl duoph lxdlsbv lxdlsbv`s `s ` bchpr`pbhk`s. • Kbsgbcudbôc kl kl oh dhphdbkhk kl plcshr plcshr ` d`cdlctrhr d`cdlctrhrsl sl l bckldbsbôc. • Ylcshgblc Ylcshgblct`s t`s rldurrlctls rldurrlctls kl gulrtl, gulrtl, bklhdbôc subdbkh d`c ` sbc pohc lspldçd` kl laldudbôc. [1 H F (H) — 59/94/8< Hckrlhs, Eulchs thrkls. Nl gbrhk` sus vbkl`s lc R`utuel y gl g`vhc gudn`. Xubsblrh shelr kôckl d`gpr` lo klsphrhsbthk`r, y` lst`y prl`duphkh plcshck` qul tlcm` phrèsbt`s. C` gl nl nldn` cbcmuch pruleh plr` p`r sb hdhs`. R` t`gâ lo GGT y h oh slmuckh slghch v`gbtâ hom` eohcd` d`g` sb fulrh ghsh eohcdh kboubkh d`c hmuh °qul pulkl slr ls`0 C` gl kbô kbhrrlh y ls` phsô duhck` huglctâ oh k`sbs h 5; m`ths, y ohs ehaâ nhsth 85 y nl lsthk` huglcthck` kl 8 m`th p`r 8 dhkh kçh. Lgpldâ h ushr lo GGT lo 2 kl ghrz` 598<, nhsth hn`rh c` tlcm` cbcmñc sçct`gh y tlcçh uch klprlsbôc slvlrh. Rh c` sblct` ls`, cb oo`r` kl rlplctl d`g` hctls kl t`ghr lo GGT. Gudnhs mrhdbhs kl hctl ghc` p`r su rlspulsth y mrhdbhs p`r lxbsr lc lsth vbkh y t`k` o` qul ustlk nhdl ls ¡¡bgprlsb`chctl!! Fulctl1 l-ghbo lcvbhk` ho hut`r C 1 Tl nh p`kbk` rlohdb`chr gudnçsbg`s dhs`s kl klprlsb`cls kbrldthglctl d`c oh phrhsbt`sbs bctlscho, yh slh p`r hsdèrbkls, kulohs nlpèdhs, `xbur`s u `tr`s. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, nhebtuhoglctl, lobgbch ohs t`xbchs obelrhkhs p`r lo glthe`obsg` kl lst`s phrèsbt`s, o` qul pr`p`rdb`ch uch gla`rçh rèpbkh homuchs vldls, sbc lgehrm` lc `trhs c` fucdb`ch. Lc lst`s dhs`s, nhy qul hpobdhr lo pr`t`d`o` Y (phrèsbt`s). [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh. Lc dhs`s mrhvls d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) kurhctl 4 slghchs. Tb klspuâs kl lst` sbmul plrsbslck` ls cldlshrb` nhdlr lo pr`t`d`o pr`t`d`o` ` Y (hcphrhsbthrb` (hcphrhsbthrb`). ). 5<4 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Klrghtbtbs htôpbdh Oh klrghs htôpbdh, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls oohghkh d`gñcglctl lddlgh (htôpbd`), y uch lcflrglkhk bchght`rbh kl oh lx`rhs pblo, bctlcshglctl prurbmbc`sh, hfldth fuckhglcthoglctl fuckhglcth oglctl ohs suplrdbls kl d`k`s y r`kboohs, lo dulr`qul dheloouk`, oh dhrh y lo t`rs` y s`erl t`k` h eleâs y cbø`s. Tç1 Ybd`r t`k` lo lgp` (bcdous` kl c`dnl), f`rghdbôc kl hgp`oohs qul supurhc y f`rghc d`strhs, lcr`aldbgblct` horlklk`r kl ohs hgp`oohs, lrupdbôc dutèclh. Lc o`s cbø`s ohs olsb`cls lgpblzhc lc ohs glaboohs, d`k`s ` r`kboohs. Lc o`s hkuot`s, d`c gès frldulcdbh lc ohs suplrdbls lx`rhs (bctlrchs) kl ohs r`kboohs, d`k`s y t`eboo`s. Oh pblo sl gulstrh guy sldh (xlr`sbs) y prlslcth pbd`r (prurbt`) qul pulkl slr guy bctlcs`. Tb sl klshrr`ooh lddlgh drôcbd`, oh pblo pulkl hphrldlr lcmr`shkh y dhushr lsd`z`r. Oh rlslqulkhk hgeblctho, oh lxp`sbdbôc ho hmuh, o`s dhgeb`s kl tlgplrhturh y lo lstrâs pulklc hmrhvhr o`s sçct`ghs. [1 @ Dâ (De) — 49/=/85 Oolv` gès kl 89 hø`s obkbhck` d`c uch klrghs qul sl gl prlslcth lc o`s sb`s kl lxbôc kl ohs r`kboohs y d`k`s y lc ohs guøldhs. O`s sçct`ghs qul sulolc prlslcthrsl s`c1 rlslqulkhk, pbdhzôc y lcr`aldbgblct` kl oh z`ch. Tblgprl tlcçh qul ushr d`rd`bkls y hcgbdôd`s lc oh z`ch. Ls` gl prl`dupheh gudn` p`rqul sâ qul h ohrm` pohz` lst`s glkbdhglct`s pulklc mlclrhr homuc`s pr`eolghs h cbvlo kl nuls`s (slmñc nl olçk`). Ho H o prbcdbpb` uobdâ GGT hdvhk` d`c èdbk` dçtrbd` plr` gl hrkçh gudn` ho hpobdhr, hpobdhr, hsç qul c` o` nbdl gès, yh qul lo hrk`r gl pr`v`dheh gès rhsqubøh y gès gl ohsgheh, plr` duhck` hprlckç h fherbdhr lo dks kldbkç bctlcthr kl culv`, yh qul y` sç qul tlcçh dohr` qul o` qul gl dhusheh hrk`r lrhc ohs shols qul qulkhehc sbc rlhddb`chr, y ful lstuplck`. Nbdl uc sprhy kl DKT h 8999 YYG y r`dbâ s`erl ohs phrtls hfldthkhs y lcdbgh hmrlmuâ hom` kl KGT@ ho =9% c`tâ qul kl lsth f`rgh gl beh gla`r y d`ccuâ nhdbâck`o` kl ghclrh lvlctuho lvlctuho.. C` nl vulot` h cldlsbthr drlghs kl lshs d`st`shs y o` gla`r lst`y oberèck`gl kl lfldt`s slduckhrb`s. Ls` sb, h vldls lo KGT@ gl rlsldh ` gl hrkl uc p`qubt`, plr` sl gl phsh lc gbcut`s, plr` lo pr`eolgh klshphrldl p`r gudn` lgp`. Lc gb lxplrblcdbh d`c lstl pr`eolgh kl oh pblo gl phsh h gb qul duhck` tlcm` prl`duphdb`cls ` lst`y guy lstrlshk` lo pr`eolgh hphrldl d`g` p`r hrtl kl ghmbh! Ylr` d`c DKT y KGT@ lo pr`eolgh klshphrldl. Fulctl1 np1//f`r`.tlrhpbhs` np1// f`r`.tlrhpbhs`xbkhvhs.go/bcklx.pnp0t7gsm&tn74<&sthrt79& xbkhvhs.go/bcklx.pnp0t7gsm&tn74<&sthrt79& 5<; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` K (klrght`oômbd`) ` J (pblo d`c KGT@) slmñc mrhvlkhk, 5 ô 4 vldls ho kçh, d`gebchk` lc dhs`s mrhvls d`c lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, kurhctl 4 slghchs. Kbheltls Oh kbheltls gloobtus, lcflrglkhk kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls uch lcflrglkhk drôcbdh lc oh duho lo dulrp` c` pulkl rlmuohr oh dhckhk kl hzñdhr lc oh shcmrl, yh slh p`r c` p`klr pr`kudbr oh sudblctl bcsuobch, (qul ls oh n`rg`ch pr`kudbkh p`r lo pècdrlhs phrh d`ctr`ohr o`s vho`rls kl hzñdhr lc oh shcmrl), p`r rlsbstlcdbh h oh bcsuobch, ` p`r hgehs rhz`cls. Ohs plrs`chs d`c kbheltls c` pulklc g`vbobzhr lo hzñdhr klskl oh shcmrl nhsth o`s hkbp`dbt`s y dâouohs gusduohrls phrh qulghro` ` hoghdlchro` d`g` lclrmçh. Tç1 O`s sçct`ghs prbcdbphols kl oh kbheltls gloobtus s`c lgbsbôc lxdlsbvh kl `rbch (p`oburbh), huglct` hc`rgho kl oh cldlsbkhk kl d`glr (p`obfhmbh), bcdrlglct` kl oh slk (p`obkbpsbh), vbsbôc e`rr`sh, slk lxdlsbvh, fhmh y pârkbkh kl pls` sbc rhzôc hphrlctl. Lc `dhsb`cls sl t`ghc d`g` rlflrlcdbh lst`s trls sçct`ghs (p`oburbh, p`obfhmbh y p`obkbpsbh ` rlmoh kl ohs 4 Y) phrh p`klr s`spldnhr kl oh kbheltls p` 5 yh qul s`c ohs gès d`gucls lc oh p`eohdbôc. Oh @rmhcbzhdbôc Guckbho kl oh Thouk rld`c`dl trls f`rghs kl kbheltls gloobtus1 p` 8, p` 5 y kbheltls mlsthdb`cho mlsthdb`cho (`durrl kurhctl lo lgehrhz`), dhkh uch d`c kbflrlctls dhushs y d`c kbscth bcdbklcdbh. C 1 Lxbstlc gudn`s gès p`s y suedohsls kl kbheltls y p`r o` thct` sl trhth kl uch lcflrglkhk d`gpolah d`c dhushs gñopols y kbflrlctls lc dhkh dhs`. Tl nh hodhczhk` lo âxbt` lc gudnçsbg`s dhs`s, plr` thgebâc nhy qul glcdb`chr qul lc `tr`s gudn`s c` nh fucdb`chk` lo trhthgblct`, sbc d`c`dlr t`khvçh ohs rhz`cls lxhdths. Kl t`khs ghclrhs, phrh gudn`s nh vhobk` oh plch bctlcthro`. 5<< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [1 Kbheltls [bp` B - Nhcbln Tuolbghc Nhsshc Kbhz (Yhchgè) — 48/>/85 [lcm` 46 hø`s y s`y kl Yhchgè. Klskl o`s 86 hø`s prlslctheh pr`eolghs d`c mobdlgbhs H o`s 59 hø`s kbhmc`sdhc kbheltls mlst lc gb prbglr lgehrhz`.hoths. Lc lsl lgp` fulgltrhthkh d`c bcsuobch. Ho mlsthdb`cho khr hdb`cho h ouz, gbs mobdlgbhs sl klsd`ctr`ohr`c y gl kbhmc`sdhr`c kbheltls p` 8, yh qul o`s gâkbd`s gl kbalr`c qul gb kbheltls vlcçh klskl gb hk`olsdlcdbh: H o`s 5; hø`s pblrk` oh slcsbebobkhk kl gbs pbls (clur`phh kbheâdh), gb hzñdhr c` ehaheh. H o`s 56 hø`s tlcm` h gb slmuck` nba` d`c gudnhs d`gpobdhdb`cls. Lstuvl n`spbthobzhkh n`spbthobzhkh ; vldls. Gl sugbcbstrhr`c gudnh bcsuobch y gb nba` chdbô d`c 88 oberhs. Ho shobr kl gb lgehrhz` gl rldlthr`c Gl`gbch Gl`gbch kl ><9 y Mobelcdohgbkh. H o`s 5> hø`s gl hmrlmhc bcsuobch =9/49. Lc kbdblgerl klo 5988 gl hgputhc lo 4lr klk` klo pbl klrldn`, pr`v`dhk` p`r uch mhcmrlch y `stl`globs. Hnç gl dhgebhc oh bcsuobch =9/49 y oh k`sbs kl Gl`rgbch h uch Gl`rgbch kl ><9 lc oh ghøhch, 59 ucbkhkls kl bcsuobch rèpbkh h glkb` kçh y 89 ucbkhkls kl bcsuobch rèpbkh y ; ucbkhkls kl bcsuobch olcth lc oh c`dnl. Nhdl uc gls y k`s slghchs d`glcdâ gb trhthgblct` d`c GGT y èdbk` dçtrbd`. H o`s 4 kçhs kl nhelr d`glczhk` lo trhthgblct` d`glcdâ h slcr gudnçsbgh lclrmçh y fulrzhs. H oh slghch d`glcdâ h slcr uc n`rgbmul` lc gbs pbls y oh phct`rrbooh. H o`s 8< kçhs lgpldâ h rld`erhr oh slcsbebobkhk lc o`s klk`s y lc o`s pbls. ¡Gl sblct` guy fulrtl! Gb mobdlgbh sl c`rghobzô. Hn`rh lc hyuchs tlcm` mobdlgbh kl => h 26, ls gès, nhdl = kçhs gl qulgâ lo klk` d`c hdlbtl dhoblctl y gb nlrbkh shcô h o`s k`s kçhs, duhck` hctls gbs nlrbkhs klg`rhehc lc shchr. Duhck` d`glcdâ h t`ghr GGT tlcçh uch bcflddbôc lc lo pbl (pbl kbheâd`), oh nlrbkh yh lstheh sldh. Nh shchk`. R` t`gheh kburâd`s phrh p`klr `rbchr y `rbcheh guy lspug`s` p`r tlclr heuckhcdbh kl pr`tlçchs lc oh `rbch y oolv` uc gls qul c` t`g` kburâd`s y `rbc` eblc. Rh ehaâ gb k`sbs kl bcsuobch. T`o` gl bcyldt` ohs ; ucbkhkls kl bcsuobch olcth lc oh c`dnl y oh Gl`rgbch lc oh ghøhch. GGT ls uc pr`kudt`r lxdlolctl qul hyukh h rlsthurhr oh shouk kl ghclrh c`theol. Fulctl1 np1//www.ggsohc`hglrbdh.d`g/tlsg`cb`s-p`r- lsdrbt`-kl-durhdb`c-klvhrbhs-lcflrglkhkls-d`c-lo-ggs/ Kbheltls p` 5 - Thchm` Vhrmhs (Lsphøh) — 6/;/8< N`oh, gl musthrçh d`gphrr d`c v`s`tr`s gb lxplrblcdbh d`c ‟Thouk Chturho‗ y oh ‟Kuodl Ulv`oudbôc‗1 [rls glsls klspuâs kl uch hchoçdh prl`duphctl (lczbghs nlpèdhs guy lolvhkhs, kbheltls, shcmrl `duoth lc nldls…), nl rld`mbk` nhdl uc`s kçhs o`s 5<6 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; rlsuothk`s kl culv`s hcèobsbs. Ulhoglctl nh sbk` s bk` fhctèsd` qul oh k`dt`rh qul gl htlckçh sl qulkhsl hes`outhglctl s`rprlckbkh d`c o`s culv`s rlsuothk`s: t`k`s o`s vho`rls s`c hes`outhglctl c`rghols y, o` fuckhglctho phrh gb, nh klshphrldbk` oh kbheltls p` BB qul gl nheçhc kbhmc`sdhk`. [`k` [`k` lst` klspuâs kl uc trhthgblct` kl 58 kçhs d`c GGT, oh bcmlsth kbhrbh kl uc phr kl n`ahs kl jhohcdn`l y oh t`gh, hpr`xbghkhglctl 8 obtr` ho kçh, kl bcfusb`cls kl lstlvbh. [hgebâc nl pr`durhk` slmubr uch kblth hodhobch o` gès rbmur`shglctl p`sbeol y nhdlr lalrdbdb` kbhrb`. Lo dhs` ls qul oh gâkbd` c` sl drlçh qul o`s k`s hcèobsbs lrhc kl oh gbsgh plrs`ch, plr`, plr`, sç, s`y y` gbsg` klspuâs kl phshr p`r oh lxplrblcdbh kl hdlrdhrgl h uc p` kl glkbdbch gès chturho y lfldvh qul c` d`ctrbeuyl h hobglcthr lo clm`db` qul rlsuoth kl dr`cbdhr kbvlrshs lcflrglkhkls qul, d`g` oh kbheltls, s`c dhkh vlz gès d`gucls. Fulctl1 nps1//k`odhrlv`oudb`.dht/ohcmuhml/ls/0s7kbheltls [rhthgblct`1 Lo trhthgblct` phrh oh kbheltls ls lo pr`t`d`o` D ` d`g` hotlrchvh E, plr` nhy qul tlclr dohr` qul ls uc pr`dls` ohrm` k`ckl nhy qul klsphrhsbthrsl dhkh gls kurhctl 6 glsls d`g` gçcbg`, slmubr uch kblth shoukheol (sbc dhrcls, nhrbchs rlchkhs, oèdtl`s), lct`cdls p`klg`s `etlclr rlsuothk`s. Ls p`sbeol klahr kl slr klplckblctl kl oh bcsuobch, lc hpr`xbghk hpr`xbghkhglctl hglctl 5 h 4 glsls, y oh rlgbsbôc d`gpolth pulkl oolmhr h o`s < glsls, plr` d`c kbsdbpobch. Lc dhs` kl kbheltls [bp` B, sl pulkl nhdlr lo pr`t`d`o` Y (phrèsbt`s) yh qul nh khk` rlsuothk` lc homuc`s dhs`s. Ho pr`t`d`o` D ` E, høhkbr 8 dudnhrbooh kl lstlvbh chturho y nhsth 8< m kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch rlphrk` kurhctl lo kçh. Kbhrrlh Oh kbhrrlh ls uc huglct` krèsd` lc oh frldulcdbh kl ohs klp`sbdb`cls, c`rghoglctl gès kl trls vldls ho kçh, hd`gphøhkh kl uch kbsgbcudbôc lc oh d`csbstlcdbh kl âsths. H vldls oh kbhrrlh pulkl d`ctlclr shcmrl, g`d`, pus ` hobglct`s c` kbmlrbk`s. Lc cbø`s y eleâs klel slr vbmbohk` lstrbdthglctl yh qul lc loo`s pulkl klrbvhr lc uc duhkr` gès mrhvl. 5<= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Tç1 Yulkl lsthr hd`gphøhkh kl k`o`r hek`gbcho, lerl, cèuslhs, vôgbt`, klebobkhk ` pârkbkh klo hplt`. [1 Gç Y (De) — 5;/2/84 [l ghck` uc shouk` guy lspldbho. Xublr` khrtl ohs mrhdbhs p`r p`clr lc gbs ghc`s lstl ghrhvboo`s` pr`kudt`1 DO@UB[@ KL T@KB@. Klspuâs kl nhelro` t`ghk` lc d`gphøçh kl vhrbhs plrs`chs kl gb fhgbobh y hgbm`s, kl ghclrh prlv pr lvlc lctb tbvvh y vl vlrr qu qull cu culs lstr tr`s `s `r `rmmhc hcbs bsg` g`ss o` hs hsbg bgbobohr hr`c `c gu guyy eb eblc lc.. G l nl klkbdhk` h pr`g`db`chro`, lc lspldbho d`c gbs slrls qulrbk`s y hgbm`s dlrdhc`s, y qublr` d`cthrtl k`s tlsg`cb`s1 (…) Gb nbah tlcçh uch kbhrrlh kl 8< kçhs y k`o`r kl lstôghm` duhck` d`gçh duhoqublr d`sh, y klspuâs kl br ho gâkbd` lc k`ckl ol `rklchr`c lxèglcls, y o`s duhols yh sl prhddô, kldbkç khrol lo DO@UB[@. Xul s`rprlsh qul oulm` kl khrol oh gçcbgh k`sbs kl uch m`th kl dhkh frhsd` y s`o` d`c uch t`gh, duhck` v`ovbô h d`glr, yh c` tuv` k`o`r y oh kbhrrlh klshphrldbô. Y`r supulst` qul kurhctl ohs n`rhs sbmublctls y dhkh n`rh ol slmuç khck` oh k`sbs, d`c lo c kl hthdhr lo gho qul tlcçh. Ls ghrhvboo`s` p`klr d`gphrr lsth lxplrblcdbh d`cm` y nhdlr shelr h t`k`s o`s qul lstâc bctlrlshk`s y lclc tlg`r kl t`ghr LO DO@UB[@, qul sbgpolglctl o` uobdlc y pulkhc d`gpr`ehr oh ghmbh kl pr`kudt` qul tlclg`s y hsç p`klr hyukhr h qublcls o` cldlsbtlc. Kb`s tl hd`gphøl sblgprl y tl sbmh khck` oh shebkurçh cldlshrbh phrh oolmhr h t`khs ohs plrs`chs qul cldlsbthc d`c urmlcdbh t`ghr lstl p`klr`s` pr`kudt`. Gbo elckbdb`cls y mrhdbhs. Fulctl1 nps1//www.fhdle``j.d`g/Vbtho@5.DKT/pn`t`s/h.665;;5<;9;4;;92.89 =4=;8>4 9.<=28682=>=65;66/6=42;;>4<2<9>;6/0typl74 [rhthgblct`1 Lo trhthgblct` bckbdhk` lc lstl dhs` slrçh lo pr`t`d`o` \ (urmlcdbhs) sb sl trhth kl uc hkuot`. Lc dhs`s kl cbø`s sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` C (cbø`s). Lo lgp` klo trhthgblct` ls slmñc oh kurhdbôc kl oh kbhrrlh. Lc dhs`s mrhvls sl pulkl høhkbr lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) hpobdhk` lc oh ehrrbmh. 5<> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Kbsfucdbôc lrâdtbo Oh kbsfucdbôc lrâdo ls oh bcdhphdbkhk plrsbstlctl plrsbstlctl phrh d`cslmubr ` ghctlclr uch lrlddbôc qul plrgbth uch rlohdbôc slxuho shsfhdt`rbh. [`k`s o`s n`gerls pulklc oolmhr h d`c tlclr pr`eolghs phrh tlclr uchmrhvl lrlddbôc, lspldbhoglctl sb lstèc dhcshk`s, lstrâs, d`c uch lcflrglkhk ` eha` o`s lfldt`s klo hod`n`o y ohs kr`mhs. Tç1 Dhgebh oh dhobkhk kl oh lrlddbôc, thct` lc târgbc`s kl rbmbklz, d`g` lc oh dhphdbkhk kl ghctlclr uch lrlddbôc. \c` kl o`s bckbdhk`rls kl qul oh dhush ls sbdh, ls oh bcdhphdbkhk phrh tlclr uch lrlddbôc ho klsplrthrsl p`r oh ghøhch y sb ls psbd`oômbdh, oh kbsfucdbôc pulkl plrkurhr p`r uc plrç`k` kl lgp` d`cdrlt`, p`r lalgpo` gblctrhs kurl oh sbtuhdbôc kl lstrâs. Tb plrsbstl p`r gès kl trls glsls, lo phdblctl klelrè eusdhr uc urôo`m` lspldbhobzhk`. lspldbhobzhk`. [1 Hô (E) — 86/4/85 Klebk` ho lstrâs, oh fhm fhmhh pr`fuckh, lo dhcshcdb`, oh ghoh cutrbdbôc, hod`n`o y gudn`s hø`s sbc klsdhcs`, fub vçdgh kl trhst`rc`s n`rg`chols, kbsgbcudbôc kl oh oçebk` (klsl`) y o`s sçct`ghs klo dècdlr kl prôsth prôsthth th (pr`sths), n`cm`s / nlrpls. O`s gâkbd`s qulrçhc rldlthrgl Vbhmrh y hcebôd`s plr` hñc hsç, c` lst`y t`ghck` glkbdhglct`s kl fhrghdbh. Ulsulov` lo pr`eolgh d`c ohvhvhs ohvhvhs bctlschols, t`k`s o`s kçhs (h vldls 5 p`r kçh, p`rqul slch ohs gla`rhs) y uobz` DKT (T`oudbôc kl Kbôxbk` kl Do`r`) phrh prlvlcbr oh kbhrrlh qul gl dhush lo èdbk` dçtrbd`. Lc trls glsls gl v`ovbô oh lclrmçh y oh c`rghobkhk. Drl` qul ful uc pr`eolgh hduguohv` kl tôxbd`s. [hgebâc gl hyuk` d`c KNLH <9 gm, gloht`cbch 4 gm ` 6, do`rur` kl ghmclsb`, mhrrhfhkh, eôrhx y hmuh kl ghr, sho ghrbch, kblth hodhobcbzhctl, lo s`o y mbgchsb`. \obdâ thgebâc hut`nlg`tlrhpbh y oh `rbch. Nbdl t`k` o` qul lstheh h gb hodhcdl p`rqul sheçh qul lrh klebk` h oh bct`xbdhdbôc bct`xb dhdbôc drôcbdh. … C` tlcçh chkh qul plrklr… Mrhdbhs y ho gèxbg` rlsp`csheol kl oh rlduplrhdbôc, lo GGT. Mrhdbhs h Abg Nugeol! Fulctl1 np1//olb2=8.eo`msp`t.d`g.ls/p/dhs`s-kl-durh.ntgo 5<2 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) kurhctl uc gls. Kbvlrtbduobtbs Oh kbvlrduobs, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, d`cvlcdb`c ho, ls uch bchghdbôc ` bcflddbôc kl ohs plquløhs e`oshs ` shd`s qul pr`truylc y qul sl f`rghc s`erl oh phrlk bctlrch klo bctlsc`, d`c frldulcdbh lc lo bctlsc` mruls` (d`o`c). Tç1 Yulklc prlslcthrsl kbstlcsbôc y dôobd`s lc oh phrtl ehah klo hek`glc, slcsbebobkhk mlclrhoglctl mlclrhoglctl lc lo ohk` bcflrb`r bzqublrk` klo hek`glc, kbstlcsbôc ` mhsls, lerl y lsdho`frç`s, cèuslhs y vôgbt`s y fhoth kl hplt`. [1 U D (H) — 8/5/89 Kl 599< h 599= sufrç uch slrbl rldurrlctl kl bcflddb`cls bctlrchs (…) O`s pr`eolghs d`ccuhr`c y sl pusblr`c pl`r. Gl slc eblc duhck` t`gâ o`s hcebôd`s rldlthk`s p`r vhrb`s k`dt`rls, plr` duhck` phrâ, o`s pr`eolghs rlmrlshr`c klspuâs kl k`s y sbcâck`gl Fbchoglctl tlrgbcâ lcslghchs, oh shoh klklebobtèck`gl lglrmlcdbhs kl uc n`spbtho gbslrheol. klspuâs kl klsghyhrgl. \c lspldbhobsth lc Glkbdbch Bctlrch gl kbhmc`sdô lo pr`eolgh d`g` d`o`c d`cstrløbk` dhushk` p`r kbvlrduobs y gl rldltô `trh slrbl kl hcebôd`s lc oh hctlshoh kl uch `plrhdbôc phrh lxrphr oh slddbôc eo`qulhkh klo d`o`c. Kurhctl ohs prulehs prlvbhs h oh `plrhdbôc, lcd`ctrâ p`r dhsuhobkhk uc d`glcthrb` lc Bctlrclt p`r uch gualr qul hslmurheh nhelrsl durhk` su kbvlrduobs d`c GGT. Hsç qul o` plkç p`r Bctlrclt. K`s slghchs hctls qul oolmhrh lo GGT nheçh tlrgbchk` gb slrbl kl hcebôd`s y v`ovçh h slcrgl gbslrheol kl culv`. Lgpldâ lo pr`t`d`o` GGT rld`glckhk`, lo gbsg` kçh qul oolmô. H o`s 59 gbcut`s gl slc gla`r. Ho kçh sbmublctl gl lcd`ctrheh ghrhvboo`shglctl ‛ gla`r qul lc gudn`s hø`s. 569 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Y`spusl gb `plrhdbôc kl d`oldt`gçh y d`ccuâ t`ghck` GGT. Klspuâs kl k`s glsls gl nbdblr`c uc culv` [HD y vbsbtâ lo alfl klo klphrthglct` kl dbrumçh klo N`spbtho. Gl kba` qul c` vlçh cbcmuch rhzôc phrh d`ccuhr d`c oh `plrhdbôc. D`ccuâ t`ghck` 6 m`ths kl GGT dhkh c`dnl kurhctl o`s sbmublctls < hø`s y nl kbsfruthk` kl uch lxdlolctl shouk y eblclsthr. C` tlcm` cbcmuch kukh lc hes`out` qul GGT gl shovô kl phshr p`r lo qubrôfhc` y gl klv`ovbô oh shouk. Lc 599= rlhoglctl drlçh qul c` vbvbrçh phrh vlr 599>. Hn`rh tlcm` =5 y gl sblct` guy eblc. Mrhdbhs Abg Nugeol p`r d`ccuhr oh druzhkh dr uzhkh p`r oh eulch shouk kl culstr` pohclth. Fulctl1 np1//mlclsbs5dnurdn.bs/hoo-ggs-tlsg`cbhos [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` U (rldtho d`c plrbooh) klspuâs kl dhkh klp`sbdbôc kurhctl 4 slghchs. Kl c`dnl sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) hotlrchck` lo sbmublctl kçh d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). K`o`r kl dhelzh Lo k`o`r kl dhelzh thgebâc oohghk` dlfholh, nhdl rlflrlcdbh h o`s k`o`rls y g`olshs o`dhobzhk`s lc duhoqublr phrtl kl oh dhelzh, lc o`s kbflrlctls tlabk`s kl oh dhvbkhk drhclhch, lc ohs lstrudturhs qul o` uclc h oh ehsl klo drècl`, o`s gñsduo`s y vhs`s shcmuçcl`s qul r`klhc lo dulr` dheloouk`, dhrh y duloo`. Lo p` kl k`o`r kl dhelzh gès d`gñc ls oh dlfholh tlcsb`cho, dhushkh p`r tlcsbôc gusduohr lc o`s n`ger`s, duloo`, dulr` dheloouk` y ghckçeuoh y qul pulkl lsthr rlohdb`chkh d`c lo lstrâs, oh klprlsbôc ` oh hcsblkhk, ` uch p`sturh bcd`rrldth kl oh dhelzh. Tç1 Oh dlfholh gbmrhø`sh bgpobdh uc k`o`r fulrtl qul `durrl mlclrhoglctl d`c trhst`rc`s vbsuhols, slcsbebobkhk ho rubk` ` h oh ouz y cèuslhs. Tb eblc lo k`o`r kl dhelzh ls uc trhst`rc` mlclrhoglctl elcbmc` y trhcsbt`rb` qul lc oh ghy`r phrtl 568 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh kl ohs `dhsb`cls dlkl lsp`ctèclhglctl ` d`c oh hyukh kl homñc hchomâsbd`. Yulkl lsthr thgebâc `rbmbchkh p`r uch lcflrglkhk mrhvl qul p`cmh lc plobmr` oh vbkh klo phdblctl. C 1 Lo k`o`r kl dhelzh c` ls uch lcflrglkhk, sbc` uc sçct`gh qul pulkl slr dhushk` p`r kbflrlctls duhkr`s doçcbd`s. Yulkl slr dhushk` p`r t`xbdbkhk lolvhkh ho rblm` shcmuçcl` ` eo`qul` clur`gusduohr. clur`gusduohr. Lc homuchs p`dhs `dhsb`cls klspuâs kl oh bcmlsôc klo kbôxbk` homuch plrs`ch pulkl slcr k`o`r kl dhelzh klebk` h ohs t`xbchs kl o`s phtômlc`s gulrt`s. Ls uc lfldt` phshalr` qul c` plrkurh ho t`ghr oh susthcdbh. Lc dhs` kl pr`eolgh lstrudturho ` gusduohr sl rld`gblckh vbsbthr uc `stlôpht `stlôphthh phrh rllstheoldlr uch d`rrldth hobclhdbôc. [1 U Uè (Yè) ‟…Eulc`s kçhs, gb c`gerl ls U`sh U`shrb`, y vbv` lc Yhchgè, s`y oh ghgè kl A`chtnhc Vlmh U`shrb` kl 8; hø`s, s`y uch ghgè qul d`g` duhoqublr `trh sl prl`duph p`r oh shouk kl sus nba`s. Gb nba` lstuv` ylck` h gès kl ; gâkbd`s kbflrlctls d`c rlspldt` h o`s k`o`rls kl dhelzh drôcbd`s qul c` ol phrhehc d`c cbcmuch glkbdbch, (ho glc`s d`g` hchomâsbd`s, cbcmuc` ol fucdb`cô). R` guy prl`duphkh p`rqul dhkh kçh o`s k`o`rls lrhc gès fulrtls y tlcçh trls slghchs kl c` hsbsr h oh lsduloh. Ybkblck` lc gbs `rhdb`cls qul lcd`ctrhrh hom` qul o` durhrh. Yhrh ls`s kçhs gl oohgô lo Kr. Bshçhs Ghkrbk qul c` sheçh chkh kl âo nhdçh gudn` lgp` y gl prlmuctô p`r Dnrbstn`plr (nlrghc` kl A`chtnhc) qublc thgebâc lstuv` gho d`c k`o`rls kl lstôghm` drôcbd`s. Lc lsl g`glct` ol d`glctâ oh sbtuhdbôc kl A`chtnhc y âo gl klsdrbebô ohs e`ckhkls klo GGT, y` d`c uc p`d` kl klsd`cchzh p`rqul phrldçh guy eulc` o` qul gl d`ctheh phrh slr vlrkhk. D`glczhg`s d`c lo trhthgblct` y klskl lo slmuck` kçh d`glczhg`s h vlr o`s rlsuothk`s, y` kldçh qul lrh guy pr`ct` phrh slr rlho. Lst`y guy kbdn`sh kl slr uch kl ohs p`dhs plrs`chs qul pulkl kbsfruthr kl lstl gbohmr` lc Yhchgè, sløho` qul p`dhs, p`rqul vç lc lo vbkl` o` qul phsô lc Èfrbdh, kl dôg` durheh oh ghohrbh y klelrçhg`s c`s`tr`s gbsg`s lcdhrmhrc`s kl su kbfusbôc d`c thcths plrs`chs qul o` lstèc cldlsbthck` y phrhr lo k`o`r kl plrs`chs cldlsbthkhs qul c` lclc kbclr` phrh slr shchkhs. Hmrhklzd` klskl o` pr`fuck` kl gb d`rhzôc p`r nhelro`s lcd`ctrhk`s. Gbo mrhdbhs..‗ Fulctl1 l-ghbo lcvbhk` ho hut`r 565 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` F (frldulctl) ` E d`g` hotlrchvh. Lc dhs`s rldurrlctls thgebâc nh sbk` ño uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh), yh qul gudnhs vldls lo `rbmlc klo k`o`r lc oh dhelzh ls p`r bct`xbdhdbôc bctlscho. Âe`oh Lo âe`oh ls uch lcflrglkhk dhushkh lc lo slr nughc` p`r lo vbrus klo âe`oh. Lstl vbrus sl bctr`kudl lc oh p`eohdbôc nughch ‟supulsthglctl‗ p`r d`cthdt` lstrldn` d`c hcbghols. Lo vbrus klo âe`oh lstè phtlcthk` p`r uch phtlctl hglrbdhch. Lo cñglr` kl phtlctll ls ‟C`. DH5=;8<54 H8‗ y sl ol `t`rmô lc 5989. phtlct Tç1 C`rghoglctl o`s sçct`ghs d`gblczhc lctrl lctrl o`s k`s kçhs y ohs trls slghchs klspuâs kl nhelr d`ctrhçk` lo vbrus. Ohs plrs`chs bcfldthkhs c` s`c d`cthmb`shs nhsth qul lgpblzhc o`s sçct`ghs qul durshc d`c lerl, k`o`r kl mhrmhcth, k`o`rls gusduohrls, k`o`r kl dhelzh, vôgbt`s, kbhrrlh, lrupdb`cls dutèclhs, kbsfucdbôc rlcho y nlpèdh y lc homuc`s dhs`s nlg`rrhmbhs bctlrchs y lxtlrchs. Fbm. ;91 Yhtlctl c.± DH 5=;8<54 H8 rlf rlflrlctl lrlctl ho vbrus âe`oh. 564 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [1 Lxbstl uch pèmbch wle k`ckl lstèc pueobdhk`s o`s sudls`s d`c kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc dhs`s kl âe`oh. Fulctl1 np1//ggsahphc.snhrlp`bct.d`g/phmls/le`oh.hspx C 1 Xublr` hmrhkldlr h Gutsur` Bsnbb su trheha` vhoblctl lc ohs z`chs lcklgbdhs kl âe`oh k`ckl ful sbc tlglr su pr`pbh vbkh y p`r bcbdbhvh pr`pbh, `etlcblck` lxdlolctls rlsuothk`s. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh lo pr`t`d`o` F (frldulctl) slmubk` p`r lo pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`) ` lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) d`g` hotlrchvh. Lc dhs` doçcbd` sl klelrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` R (bcylddbôc) (bcylddbôc) lc dhs` qul c` rlsp`ckh h o`s hctlrb`rls. Lcflrglkhkls hut`bcgucls Lcflrglkhkls hut`bcgucls s`c lcflrglkhkls ‟supulsthglctl‗ dhushkhs p`r uc hthqul klo sbstlgh bcgucbthrb` h ohs dâouohs klo pr`pb` `rmhcbsg`. Ylr`, °quâ pr`kudl lsh rlhddbôc lc lo sbstlgh bcgucbthrb` °Duèo ls oh hddbôc prbglrh qul klslcdhklch lsl „lrr`r‒0 Lsh prbglrh hddbôc pulkl slr kl `rbmlc phrhsbthrb` y p`r o` thct` klsd`c`dbkh p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`c d`cvlcdb`cho ho n`spbthohrbh. Nhebtuhoglctl, o`s phrèsbt`s, d`c su dhphdbkhk kl hoelrmhr uch d`gebchdbôc kl vbrus, ehdtlrbhs y n`cm`s klctr` kl su pr`pbh lstrudturh, lc d`cauct` d`c uch hdbk`sbs gltheôobdh pr`v`dhkh p`r uch kblth bchklduhkh, pulklc slr oh vlrkhklrhh dhush kl t`khs ohs lcflrglkhkls d`csbklrhkhs hut`bcgucls… slmñc vlrkhklr gb drbtlrb`. Y`r o` thct` uch lcflrglkhk hut`bcgucl ls uc târgbc` ushk` p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho lc su bctlct` p`r khr uch lxpobdhdbôc h uch lcflrglkhk duy` vlrkhklr` `rbmlc klsd`c`dlc. Lctrl ohs lcflrglkhkls dohsbdhkhs kl hut`bcgucls lstèc1 lsdolr`sbs gñopol, kbheltls, r`bkbs hut`bcgucl, hrtrbs rlught`bkl, lcflrglkhk kl Dr`nc, dècdlr kl oh shcmrl, dècdlr kl ghgh, hrtr`sbs, `stl`p`r`sbs ltd. Homuchs kl loohs d`g` oh hrtrbs y oh `elsbkhk s`c d`csbklrhkhs d`g` lcflrglkhkls lcflrglkhkls kl oh heuckhcdbh, y oh @rmhcbzhdbôc @rmhcbzhdbôc Guckbho kl oh Thouk (@GT) hrgh qul oh hrtrbs hr trbs ls gès d`gñc lc o`s phçsls klshrr`oohk`s. 56; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [1 K. K (Yñ) — 84/=/8; Nhdçh 4 hø`s qul ol nheçhc kbhmc`sdhk` lcflrglkhk lcflrglkhk hut`bcgucl tlcblck` bchghdb`cls lc ohs hrduohdb`cls y dhcshcdb` lxtrlg`. Yr`eô kbflrlctls tlrhpbhs plr` ful h rhçz kl t`ghr GGT qul sl sbcô uc =9% gla`r. Fulctl1 nps1//y`utu.el/qTfg-9BGb]B Lcflrglkhk kl Dr`nc \ch lcflrglkhk bctlscho bchght`rbh, sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls drôcbdh y kl `rbmlc klsd`c`dbk`, qul qubzès lcl uc d`gp`clctl hut`bcgucl, lc oh duho lo sbstlgh bcgucbthrb` klo bckbvbku` ‟supulsthglctl‗ ‟supulsthglctl‗ hthdh su pr`pb` bctlsc` pr`kudblck` bchghdbôc. Frldulctlglctl, oh phrtl hfldthkh ls lo çol`c ` trhg` cho klo bctlsc` klomhk` y d`gblcz` klo bctlsc` mruls`, hucqul oh lcflrglkhk pulkl hphrldlr lc duhoqublr oumhr klo trhdt` kbmlsv`, klskl oh pr`pbh e`dh nhsth lo lxtrlg` klo rldt`. Tç1 Homuc`s phdblctls d`c lcflrglkhk kl Dr`nc dhsb c` sufrlc g`olshs gblctrhs `tr`s lclc g`olshs mrhvls y d`ccuhs, oh ghy`rçh sl lcdulctrh lctrl lst`s k`s lxtrlg`s (hge`s). Klplckblck` kl kôckl lstâ o`dhobzhkh oh lcflrglkhk, o`s sçct`ghs pulklc vhrbhr. Tb oh hfldthdbôc ls h cbvlo klo bctlsc` klomhk`, oh gès d`gñc, lclc s`erl t`k` kbhrrlh, k`o`r hek`gbcho y o` qul sl oohgh sçct`ghs mlclrhols1 klebobkhk, pârkbkh kl pls`, fhoth kl hplt`. Tb lstè sbtuhkh oh bchghdbôc lc lo d`o`c, vh h prlk`gbchr oh kbhrrlh, h vldls d`c shcmrl. [hgebâc lo p` kl lcflrglkhk kltlrgbch o`s sçct`ghs. O`s phdblctls qul lclc sçct`ghs bchght`rb`s sulolc tlclr gès k`o`r y kbhrrlh, gblctrhs qul o`s qul lclc sçct`ghs kl lstlc`sbs ` lstrldnlz, lclc glc`s k`o`r, k`o`r, l bcdous` pulklc prlslcthr `estruddbôc bctlscho. [1 G H (LL. \\.) — 8>/89/85 GGT ful culstr` gbohmr`! ‟Kb`s, c` pulk` lolmbr sb gb nba` vbvl ` gulrl, plr` sb sl sup`cl qul vbvl, guâstrhgl lo dhgbc` …‗ Lsh ful gb gès flrvblctl `rhdbôc uch c`dnl klslsplrhkh klslsplrhkh lc herbo kl 5989. Gb nba` kl 85 hø`s lstheh gurblck` kl o`s lstrhm`s kl oh 56< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh lcflrglkhk kl Dr`nc y oh D. kbdbol qul hkqubrbô lc 5992. Bcguc`suprls`rls, d`rd`bkls, BmBV, BmBV, trhspohctls fldhols, ohs k`sbs k`eols kl vhcd`gbdbch c` fulr`c sudblctls phrh kltlclr lo klsobzhgblct` nhdbh heha` kl gb cbø` kuodl. O`s lspldbhobsths gl kbalr`c qul c` nheçh chkh gès qul pukblrhc nhdlr p`r gb nba`. (...) Ls` gl pus` lc uc trhyldt` kl 4 hø`s kl hprlckbzhal y hñc d`ccñh oh bcvlsmhdbôc, oh `rhdbôc y slcr mubhk` phrh nhdlr dblrths d`shs. \c` kl o`s duhols lrh GGT. \c rlsuglc rèpbk`1 nhsth 5989, h o`s 88 hø`s kl lkhk ol ful kbhmc`sdhkh oh lcflrglkhk kl Dr`nc, y lc 5985 thgebâc sl oh kbhmc`sdhr`c h gb lsp`s`. D`glczhr`c h t`ghr GGT y lc p`d`s kçhs yh c` tlcçhc sçct`ghs. Nbdbg`s lo trhthgblct` kurhctl uchs ; slghchs phrh hslmurhrc`s y o` rlplg`s ho dhe` kl uc`s glsls. C`s`tr`s plcshg`s qul oh cutrbdbôc y ohs vbthgbchs s`c bgp`rthctls plr` lo GGT c`s oolvô h k`ckl c` ful dhphz kl nhdlro` cbcmñc glkbdhglct`. Gb ghrbk` lstheh durhk` lc uc gls. Bcdous` o`s gâkbd`s lsthehc klsd`cdlrthk`s. Lc phoherhs tlxtuhols1 ‟[us dnbd`s s`c gla`rls qul lo 2<% kl gbs phdblctls qul t`ghc glkbdhglct`s!‗ Drl` qul lo Dr`nc s`c rlhoglctl ehdtlrbhs shovhals h dhush kl t`k`s o`s glkbdhglct`s glkbdhglct `s qul p`clg`s lc culstr`s dulrp`s, lspldbhoglc lspldbhoglctl tl o`s lstlr`b lstlr`bkls. kls. Oh ehdtlrbh ls `p`rtucbsth y sl nhdl dhrm` kl uch suprlsbôc klo sbstlgh bcguc`oômbd`. Gb nba` h o`s 85 hø`s kl lkhk, lrh uc cbø` shc`, vberhctl nhsth qul t`gô uc phr kl r`ckhs kl lstlr`bkls phrh oh nblkrh vlclc`sh, y uc gls gès thrkl, ful kbhmc`sdhk` kl oh lcflrglkhk klo Dr`nc. Lst` y gudn` gès qul p`krçh lsdrbebr lsdr bebr uc ober` s`erl ls` drl` GGT fucdb`ch p`rqul gudn`s kl culstr`s ghols s`c dhushk`s p`r ehdtlrbhs, plr` o`s gâkbd`s sl cblmhc h vlr qul, auct` d`c oh d`gucbkhk gâkbdh, nhdblck` oh vbsth m`rkh… Fulctl1 np1//olb2=8.eo`msp`t.d`g.ls/p/dhs`s-kl-durh.ntgo [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` U (rldtho d`c plrbooh) kurhctl 4 glsls klspuâs kl dhkh klfldhdb klfldhdbôc. ôc. Kl c`dnl sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) hotlrchck` lo sbmublctl kçh d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). 566 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Lcflrglkhk kl Oygl Oygl Oh lcflrglkhk kl Oygl, thgebâc d`c`dbkh d`g` e`rrlob`sbs kl Oygl, ls uch lcflrglkhk bcflddb`sh, dhushkh p`r oh lspbr`qulth E`rrlobh eurmk`rflrb. Ls oh prbcdbpho lcflrglkhk trhcsgbkh p`r mhrrhphths lc Lur`ph y LL. \\. Lo rlslrv`rb` hcbgho kl lsths mhrrhphths mhrrhphths (kl oh lspldbl Bx`kls rbdbcus) rbdbcus) o` d`cstuylc o`s r`lk`rls shovhals (cb rhths cb rht`cls rht`cls d`gucls) y o`s dblrv`s. Tç1 O`s sçct`ghs kl oh lcflrglkhk kl Oygl tlgprhch y o`dhobzhkh (lthph 8) d`gblczhc kçhs ` slghchs klspuâs kl oh bcflddbôc. T`c sbgbohrls h oh mrbpl y pulklc hehrdhr1 lsdho`frç`s, lerl, bckbsp`sbdbôc mlclrho, k`o`r kl dhelzh y hrduohr,, k`o`r gusduohr y rbmbklz lc lo duloo`. hrduohr Tl pulkl prlslcthr uch lrupdbôc lc ‟f`rgh kl lsdhrhploh‗, uch ghcdnh r`ah y pohch ` obmlrhglctl lolvhkh lc lo sb` kl oh pbdhkurh kl oh mhrrhphth, h glcuk` d`c uc èrlh dohrh lc lo dlctr`. Lsth olsbôc pulkl slr ehsthctl mrhckl y lxphckbrsl lxphckbr sl lc thghø`. Lsth lrupdbôc sl klc`gbch lrbtlgh gbmrht`rb`. O`s sçct`ghs pulklc hphrldlr y klshphrldlr. Oh lcflrglkhk kl Oygl pulkl kbslgbchrsl ho dlrler`, lo d`rhzôc y ohs hrduohdb`cls. O`s sçct`ghs kl oh lcflrglkhk kl Oygl kl kbslgbchdbôc tlgprhch (lthph 5) pulklc `durrbr kl slghchs h glsls klspuâs kl oh pbdhkurh kl oh mhrrhphth mhrrhphth y pulklc hehrdhr1 lctugldbgblct` ` k`o`r lc lo èrlh hfldthkh, phrèobsbs ` klebobkhk lc o`s gñsduo`s kl oh dhrh, pr`eolghs kl d`rhzôc, kbduothk phrh rlspbrhr. O`s sçct`ghs kl lsth lcflrglkhk kl kbslgbchdbôc thrkçh (lthph 4) pulklc `durrbr glsls ` hø`s klspuâs kl oh bcflddbôc, sblck` o`s gès d`gucls1 g`vbgblct` gusduohr hc`rgho, nbcdnhzôc hrduohr, klebobkhk gusduohr, lctugldbgblct` y n`rgbmul`, pr`eolghs kl nheoh y kl plcshgblct` ` d`mcbv`s. [1 E H (LL. \\.) — 4/88/85 Lsghk` Abg, nl sbk` kbhmc`sdhk` d`c Yhrjbcs`c y oh lcflrglkhk kl Oygl y rldbeç trhthgblct` lstèckhr t`ghck` k`phgbch y hcebôd`s. Lst` gl kbô uch c`theol gla`rçh, plr` kl culv` gb lsthk` lgpl`rô olcthglctl. olcthglctl. Klskl nhdl k`s slghchs nl lsthk` ushck` GGT, slc cèuslhs t`ghck` 4 m`ths > vldls ho kçh, rlmrlsâ h 4 m`ths = vldls ho kçh, y huglctâ h 4 m`ths 8< vldls ho kçh. Oh slghch phshkh d`ccuâ h uc rbtg` kl 8 m`th 8< vldls ho kçh. Ls durb`s`, gl sblct` gudn` gla`r. ¡Fucdb`ch! Lst`y guy lg`db`chk`, y lo pohc h slmubr ls ushro` phrh t`k` lo hø` ` kurhctl lo lgp` cldlshrb`, oulm` dhgebhr h ghctlcbgblct` ghctlcbgbl ct` sôo` phrh lsthr slmur`. [hgebâc [hgebâc rldbebrâ rldbeb râ phrhk`pnboous y/` nblreh bckbh. Mrhdbhs p`r shovhrgl oh dhobkhk kl gb vbkh. Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/oygl-kbslhsl 56= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` U (rldtho d`c plrbooh) kurhctl 4 slghchs klspuâs kl dhkh klp`sbdbôc. Kl c`dnl sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) hotlrchck` lo sbmublctl kçh d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). [hgebâc lxbstlc tlsg`cb`s k`ckl c` nh fucdb`chk` lo trhthgblct` y lct`cdls nbdblr`c uc trhthgblct` kl oh Krh. Khcblos qul oolvh ghs kl 59 hø`s trhehahck` d`c trlglcch. Looh ldnh trlglcch lc guy plquløhs dhckhkls h o`s tlrr`cls kl hzñdhr. Ohs k`sbs s`c eblc ehahs, kl 5,< go h uc gèxbg` kl < go kl trlglcch y sl ush trlglcch chturho kl o`s ère`ols p`r uc pr`dls` kl klsohdbôc. C` ls oh trlglcch qul sl d`gprh lc flrrltlrç flrrltlrçhs. hs. Lcflrglkhk puog`chr `estrudtbvh drôcbdh (LY@D) Oh lcflrglkhk puog`chr `estrudvh drôcbdh, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho ls uch lcflrglkhk puog`chr d`gñc qul dhush kbduothk phrh rlspbrhr. Nhy k`s f`rghs prbcdbphols kl LY@D1 oh er`cqubs drôcbdh, oh duho bgpobdh uch t`s pr`o`cmhkh d`c g`d` y lo lcslgh, lo duho bgpobdh uc khø` h o`s puog`cls d`c lo lgp`. Tç1 Yulklc bcdoubr duhoqublrh kl o`s sbmublctls1 t`s d`c ` sbc lgh, fhmh, gudnhs bcflddb`cls rlspbrht`rbhs, kbduothk rlspbrht`rbh (kbsclh) qul lgpl`rh d`c hdvbkhk, olvl kbduothk phrh t`ghr hbrl y sbebohcdbhs. [1 Gj (LL. \\.) — 52/6/85 \c hgbm` gl prlslctô nhdl p`d` h su nbah (;5 hø`s kl lkhk) qul nh sufrbk` LY@D kurhctl hø`s y rldblctlglc rldblctlglctl tl nheçh lgpl`rhk` tlrrbeolglctl. Tu ghkrl gl prlmuctô sb oohghrçh h su nbah phrh `frldlrol hyukh. Oh prbglrh vlz qul oh oohgâ hplchs p`kçh ghctlclr uch d`cvlrshdbôc y lrh guy kbdbo kl lctlcklr oh ghy`r phrtl kl o` qul kldçh. Looh gl kba` qul nheçh sbk` bcdhphz kl trhehahr p`r uc gls y lrh h glcuk` bcdhphz kl br kl uch nhebthdbôc h `trh sbc plrklr lo d`c`dbgblct`, p`r o` qul p`d` lrh su fulrzh y su rlspbrhdbôc. Looh ol nheçh kbdn` h su k`dt`r qul oh phrtl bcflrb`r kl sus puog`cls lstheh gulrth y oh lcflrglkhk sôo` pr`mrlshrçh. 56> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Ol lcvbâ hom` kl GGT5 y looh t`gô 8 dhkh n`rh phrh 4 k`sbs. Klaô kl t`ghro` h dhush kl uc k`o`r slvlr` lc su hek`glc suplrb`r, qul d`glczô ;< gbcut`s klspuâs kl oh prbglrh k`sbs. D`ccuô kl t`k`s g`k`s d`c 5 k`sbs gès hctls kl rlcucdbhr klo t`k`. Ho kçh sbmublctl, duhck` nheoâ d`c looh lstheh uc <9% gla`r. Ho kçh sbmublctl rlspbrheh y dhgbcheh gla`r. Tu gâkbd` lct`cdls ol qubtô ohs hoths k`sbs kl lstlr`bkls qul nheçh t`ghk` y looh lstè hn`rh (< kçhs klspuâs), kl culv` trhehahck` y sl sblctl gla`r kl o` qul o` nh nldn` lc hø`s. Looh ls phrtl kl uc lstukb` LY@D y duhck` trhtô kl kldbrol ho k`dt`r o` qul nheçh nldn` phrh nhdlr lo dhgeb` rlplcc` rlplcc`,, sl obgbtô h kldbr ‟C` qublr` `çr nheohr kl ls`‗ y y` kbm`1 °quâ kbrè duhck` looh sbmh lsthck` eblc y o`s klgès klo lstukb` lgpl`rlc0 Hohehk` slh Kb`s phrh lo GGT GG T y mrhdbhs h Abg p`r trhlr lst` h culstrh d`cdblcdbh. Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/d`pk/ C 1 Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul lo GGT5 pulkl dhushr lfldt`s slduckhrb`s fulrtls y lo hut`r sl kbsthcdbh kl su us` hucqul pulkl slr ldhz lc homuc`s dhs`s. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` E ` lo D d`g` hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` N (nhebthdbôc), bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthc k` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) hpobdhk` lc lo pldn` kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Kl c`dnl sl pulkl hpobdhr lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). Lrupdb`cls lc oh pblo Oh lrupdbôc dutèclh ls uch bchghdbôc kl oh pblo qul bgpobdh dhgeb` kl d`o`r ` tlxturh. Oh lrupdbôc dutèclh sbgpol sl oohgh klrghs, y ls kl d`cthdt` sb sl pr`kudl p`r hom` qul oh pblo nh t`dhk`. Lxbstlc gudn`s p`s kl lcflrglkhkls lc oh pblo, y lc gudn`s dhs`s c` ls p`sbeol uc kbhmcôsd` lxhdt` ` bcdous` cbcmuc`. [1 G F \qz (Lø) — 8</2/84 N`oh, ol dulct` gb sbtuhdbôc1 R` nl t`ghk` lo GGT y lo KGT@ p`rqul lstheh lc uch sbtuhdbôc klslsplrhkh klskl nhdl yh dhsb vlbctl hø`s, y` 562 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh tlcçh lc hgehs ghc`s lo sbmublctl pr`eolgh, gl pbdhehc, gl lsd`dçhc, gl qulghehc y lc slmubkh gl shoçhc uchs oohmhs qul sl gl rhaheh oh pblo. Lrh uc lsd`z`rr klslsplrhk`. Gl shoçhc uchs p`gphs oolchs kl uc oçqubk` trhcsphrlctl lsd`z` y d`g` beh phshck` lo lgp` yh lrh dhsb d`g` kl pus, hklgès, yh gl shoçhc d`g` gudnhs p`gpbdhs plquløhs, plr` qul gl duerçh ohs ghc`s y phrtl kl o`s erhz`s. Gb gâkbdh gl rldltheh uch p`ghkh qul sl oohgh Hkvlcthc 8 gbobmrhg`, d`c o` qul h vldls slch homñc hobvb`, plr` qul c` thrkheh gudn` lc v`ovlr lo pr`eolgh y tlcçh qul gltlr d`rrblck` ohs ghc`s lc hmuh nlohkh ` lc uc vlcohk`r qul gl kblrh gudn` frb`, ` sb beh d`ckudblck` shdhck` oh ghc` p`r oh vlcthcbooh phrh p`klr hobvbhrgl hom`. Ohs c`dnls lrhc klslsplrhctls, p`rqul, lrh khrgl uc p`d` kl dho`r y tlcçh qul lsthr dhsb t`kh oh c`dnl d`c ohs ghc`s glkhs lc hmuh nlohkh. R` yh nheçh olçk` hom` kl lstl pr`kudt`, p`rqul gb gâkbdh gl kldçh qul lsth p`ghkh lrh o` qul gl p`kçh rldlthr, qul c` nheçh `trh d`sh, y y` drl` qul gl o` kldçh kl vlrkhk y c` o` p`cm` lc kukh, plr` lo pr`eolgh o` tlcçh y`, hsç qul gl kldbkç h ushro` h prbcdbpb`s kl lstl vlrhc`, y ol pulk` kldbr qul h kçh kl n`y prèddhglctl c` qulkh chkh klo pr`eolgh kl ohs ghc`s, hsç qul kldbkç ushro` thgebâc phrh uc`s k`o`rls guy fulrtls qul tlcçh kl lsphokh, n`ger`s, erhz`s, guøldhs y ghc`s qul gl bgp`sbebobtheh trhehahr. H o`s dbcd` kçhs lgpldâ h gla`rhr, nhsth lo kçh kl n`y c` sl o` qul ls uch g`olsh, c` gl kulol chkh nhsth lo g`glct`, nheblck` dhgebhk` gb vbkh, p`r qul y` yh gl vlçh lc uch sbooh kl rulkhs, r ulkhs, hom` qul gl ht`rglctheh y c` o` hdlptheh. N`y lst`y guy d`ctlct` y ôahoh o` nueblrh d`c`dbk` hctls h vbvbr d`g` lstheh. Lo gât`k` h slmubr ful lo sbmublctl1 phrh ohs ghc`s hdvheh 85 m`ths klo GGT y uch dudnhrhkbth kl dhfâvldls klo KGT@ kheh p`r t`kh ghc`s erhz`s. erhz` s. Tb qul dhgebâ uchs duhcths d uhcths oh pbloyygl sl gl p`cçhc r`ahsohs duhck` gly o` hpobdheh y gl ghrdheh t`kh oh z`ch bcfldthkh, plr` dhkh vlz beh phrh gla`r nhsth qul prèddhglctl prèddhglctl qulkhc uc`s puct`s qul gl phsô kçhs qul yh c` gl hpobd` lo pr`kudt` p`rqul cb gl hdulrk` kl o` eblc qul tlcm` ohs ghc`s. Rh hn`rh pulk` nhdlr lsfulrz`s d`c loohs, y c` gl pbdhc, cb lsduldlc cb qulghc, cb gl sholc oohmhs, hsç qul kldbkç hpobdhro` phrh us` bctlrc`. Yhrh o`s k`o`rls kl lsphokh, erhz`s, guøldhs, ghc`s y t`k`s lst`s pr`eolghs nhc klshphrldbk` nhsth lo kçh kl n`y qul gl lcdulctr` guy eblc. Hsç qul lsh ls gb nbst`rbh qul lst`y h kbsp`sbdbôc kl d`glcthro` sb homublc lcl homñc pr`eolgh kl lstl p`, y` dulct` d`g` gl nh bk` h gb hsb qul ¡¡¡¡guuuuuuuuuuuudnhs ¡¡¡¡guuuuuuuuuuuu dnhs mrhdbhs p`r nhelr dhgebhk` gb vbkh!!! Fulctl1 l-ghbo lcvbhk` ho hut`r 5=9 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` K (klrgh-t`oômbd`) 5 ô 4 vldls ho kçh d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` D kurhctl 4 slghchs. Lsdnlrbdnbh d`ob (L. d`ob) Oh Lsdnlrbdnbh d`ob ls lo `rmhcbsg` pr`dhrb`th gès lstukbhk` p`r lo slr nughc`. Vbvl lc lo bctlsc` y oh ghy`rçh phrldl c` dhushr pr`eolghs, plr` homuc`s p`s kl L. d`ob pulklc pr`kudbr lcflrglkhkls lcflrglkhkls y dhushr kbhrrlh. \ch kl loohs ls oh kbhrrlh klo vbhalr`. Lo pl`r p` kl L. d`ob dhush uch kbhrrlh nlg`rrèmbdh y h vldls bcsudblcdbh rlcho y nhsth oh gulrtl. Lst` lc mlclrho pulkl `durrbr lc cbø`s y hkuot`s d`c lo sbstlgh bcgucbthrb` klebobthk`. Tç1 Cèuslhs ` vôgbt`s, fulrtls dôobd`s hek`gbchols, kbhrrlh oçqubkh ` d`c gudnh shcmrl, dhcshcdb`, lerl y lc homuc`s dhs`s shcmrl lc oh `rbch. C 1 Lo lkuod`rhctl Hsphrthg`® lstè fherbdhk` h trhvâs kl lsth gbsgh ehdtlrbh duyhs nldls sl uobzhc phrh oh pr`kuddbôc, dhushck` uch bchghdbôc kl tlabk` h ohrm` pohz` qul h su vlz pr`v`dh `elsbkhk y mrhvls pr`eolghs glcthols d`g` gl ful plrs`choglctl d`crghk` p`r uch ‟lx-dblcdh‗ kl G`ctshct` qul trhehaheh lc lo pr`yldt`. [hgebâc sl uobzh phrh lo lcm`rkl cho klo mhchk`. Lo us` klo hsphrthg` lstè fulrtlglctl klshd`cslahk`. [1 U. F. J (LL.\\.) — 8>/=/85 \ch hgbmh v`ovbô kl uch bsoh klo Yhdçd` d`c shcmrl y d`èmuo`s kl shcmrl lc su `rbch. Oh pruleh kl ohe`rht`rb` y lo kbhmcôsd` kl su gâkbd` d`crghr`c L. d`ob. Tl ol prlsdrbebô hcebôd`s. Hctls kl qul looh d`glczhrh d`glczhrh d`c o`s hcebôd`s, nbdl 8,< obtr`s kl s`oudbôc kl Do@5 (DKT) lc hmuh hodhobch, ol plkç qul eleblrh lc lo trhcsdurs` kl ohs prôxbghs 85 n`rhs, y oulm` v`ovlr ho gâkbd` phrh `tr` hcèobsbs kl shcmrl ho kçh sbmublctl. Looh o` nbz` y hctl lo hs`ger` kl su gâkbd`, sus sçct`ghs kl L. d`ob sl nheçhc bk`. Fulctl1 nps1//m5df`rug.`rm/bcklx.pnp/obst/wlod`gl/599>8-l-d`ob-suddlss-st`ry 5=8 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [rhthgblct`1 Lo trhthgblct` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`) kurhctl uc`s 4 kçhs hpr`xbghkhglctl. Lsdolr`sbs ohtlrho hgb`trôfbdh (LOH) Oh Lsdolr`sbs Ohtlrho Hgb`trôdh, lcflrglkhk kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls uch lcflrglkhk klmlclrhvh, thgebâc oohghkh ‟lcflrglkhk kl O`u Mlnrbm‗, kl p` clur`gusduohr. Tl pulkl `eslrvhr duhck` uchs dâouohs klo sbstlgh clrvb`s` oohghkhs g`t`clur`chs kbsgbcuylc mrhkuhoglctl su fucdb`chgblct` y gulrlc, pr`v`dhck` uch phrèobsbs gusduohr pr`mrlsbvh kl pr`côsd` g`rtho1 lc sus lthphs hvhczhkhs o`s phdblctls sufrlc uch phrèobsbs t`tho qul sl hd`gphøh kl uch lxhothdbôc kl o`s rlla`s tlckbc`s`s (rlsuothk` kl oh pârkbkh kl o`s d`ctr`ols gusduohrls bcnbebt`rb`s). Oh ghy`rçh kl lcflrg`s kl LOH fhooldl p`r bcsudblcdbh rlspbrht`rbh, duhck` d`gblczhc h fhoohr o`s gñsduo`s klo pldn`. Tç1 C` t`khs ohs plrs`chs d`c LOH lxplrbglcthc o`s gbsg`s sçct`ghs ` ohs gbsghs sldulcdbhs ` g`klo`s kl pr`mrlsbôc, sbc lgehrm` t`khs lxplrbglcthc klebobkhk y phrèobsbs gusduohr pr`mrlsbvh. Tl ols dhlc o`s `ealt`s, tr`pblzhc, sblctlc uch fhmh bcusuho lc erhz`s ` pblrchs, gulstrhc kbduothk phrh nheohr y sufrlc dhohgerls gusduohrls y ds clrvb`s`s. Oh klebobkhk gusduohr bgpobdh kbduothk h oh n`rh kl hckhr y kbduothk kl d``rkbchdbôc lc homuch kl sus lxtrlgbkhkls (ohs ghc`s, lspldbhoglctl, lc o` qul sl rllrl h bcd`cvlcblctls h oh n`rh kl rlhobzhr kltlrgbchkhs hdvbkhkls d`kbhchs). Oh lxtlcsbôc kl lsl klebobthgblct` y kl oh phrèobsbs ho tr`cd` tlrgbch p`r pr`v`dhr pr`eolghs phrh ghsdhr, trhmhr y rlspbrhr, oolmèck`sl h oh cldlsbkhk, kl rldurrbr h oh rlspbrhdbôc gldècbdh. Yr`mrlsbvhglctl, hphrldlc g`vbgblct`s gusduohrls hc`rghols d`g` fhsdbdu-ohdb`cls, lsphsg`s, shdukbkhs, dhohgerls ` klebobkhk, ` uch hc`rgho pârkbkh kl ghsh gusduohr ` kl pls` d`rp`rho. Oh pr`mrlsbôc kl oh lcflrglkhk ls c`rghoglctl brrlmuohr, ls kldbr, hsbgâtrbdh (oh lcflrglkhk pr`mrlsh kl g`k` kbflrlctl kbflrlctl lc dhkh phrtl klo dulrp`). H vldls, oh pr`mrlsbôc ls guy olcth, klshrr`ooèck`sl h o` ohrm` kl o`s hø`s y tlcblck` plrç`k`s kl lsthebobkhk d`c uc vhrbheol mrhk` kl bcdhphdbkhk. 5=5 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [1 K. Mv Oô — 8=/96/598< H kçh kl n`y, gb lsthk` ls eulc`, c` nhy bcv`oudbôc. Lo lalrdbdb` gl dhcsh plr` gl rlduplr` guy eblc. D`g` d`c hplt` y kl t`k`, ele` sbc pr`eolgh, c` us` lsplshctl. Kulrg` pohc` sbc rlspbrhdbôc hsbskh. C` tlcm` ohebobkhk cbcmuch. C` tlcm` lsphsdbkhk cb nbplrrllxbh y ohs fhsdbduohdb`cls hphrldlc trhs lalrdbdb` `dhsb`choglctl y guy olvls. Fulctl1 dhrth lcvbhkh ho hut`r [rhthgblct`1 Lo trhthgblct` bckbdhk` lstè rlslrvhk` phrh lo us` kl pr`flsb`chols kl oh shcbkhk y klshrr`oohk` lc d`cauct` d`c lo dbruahc` k`dt`r Musthv` Olôc. 8. Ls cldlshrb` d`glczhr d`glczhr d`c oh vçh `rho ho glc`s kurhctl kurhctl uc gls phrh klsbct`xbdhr. 5. Oh k`sbs kl DKB c` klel lxdlklr lo <% klo sulr` h hpobdhr. 4. Oh hpobdhdbôc klel slr bcdrlglcthkh bcdrlglcthkh phuohchglctl phuohchglctl d`glczhck` d`glczhck` p`r < go lc 899 go kl sulr` dhkh < kçhs 4 slrbls. ;. Bcdrlglct Bcdrlglcthr hr h 85,< go lc 5<9 go kl sulr`, sulr`, p`r 4 slrbls, dhkh = kçhs. <. Huglcthr h 5< go kl DKB lc lc <99 go kl sulr` dhkh = kçhs. kçhs. 6. Lo lgp` kl bcfusbôc bctrhvlc`sh (BV) klel slr o` ghs ohrm` p`sbeol phrh bcdrlglcthr lo plrb`k` kl lxp`sbdbôc. =. D`cvblcl dhkh 6 kçhs t`ghr Hdlodbst Hdlodbstlçch lçch y Tbobghrbch. T bobghrbch. >. Lo dhoberl kl oh vçh h ushr ushr ls lo 59M. C 1 Xublr` hmrhkldlr lspldbhoglctl h Musthv` p`r su tlsg`cb` y lo pr`t`d`o` phrlctho lc lstl oumhr, ol klsl` ècbg` y fulrzh kl t`k` d`rhz`c. Lsdolr`sbs gñotbpol Oh lsdolr`sbs gñopol, lcflrglkhk kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls uch lcflrglkhk d`csbstlctl d`csbstlctl lc oh hphrbdbôc kl olsb`cls klsgblobcbzh klsgblobcbzhctls, ctls, clur`klmlclrhvhs clur`klmlclrhvhs y drôcbdhs klo sbstlgh clrvb`s` dlctrho. Oh gblobch ls uch susthcdbh mrhsh qul r`klh y hçsoh o`s clrvb`s, hdtuhck` d`g` oh d`elrturh kl uc dheol loâdtrbd` y plrgblck` qul o`s clrvb`s trhcsgbthc sus bgpuos`s gès rèpbkhglctl. Hdtuhoglctl sl klsd`c`dlc ohs dhushs qul oh pr`kudlc. 5=4 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh C 1 [lcm` d`csthcdbh kl vhrb`s dhs`s kbhmc`sdhk`s kl Lsdolr`sbs Gñopol y lc rlhobkhk nhc sbk` E`rrlob`sbs klspuâs kl nhdlr uc hcèobsbs kl shcmrl vbvh eha` uc gbdr`sd`pb` lc dhgp` `sdur`. Tç1 Yulkl nhelr dhgeb`s d`ckudtuhols (hphh, fhoth kl g`vhdbôc, psluk`klprlsbôc: ` p`r lo d`ctrhrb` klsbcnbebdbôc, bgpuosbvbkhk, hmrlsbvbkhk l brhsdbebobkhk, brhsdbebobk hk, bcfhcobsg`…) y lc ohs fucdb`cls lalduvhs (dhphdbkhk (dhphdb khk phrh pohcbdhr, pohcbdhr, lxbebobkhk glctho, rhz`chgblct`…) hklgès kl ohs hctlrb`rglctl glcdb`chkhs. Khk` qul oh lsdolr`sbs gñopol hfldth lo dlrler` y oh lspbch k`rsho, ls kl chturholzh klmlclrhvh y h glcuk` oolvh h uch kbsdhphdbkhk pr`mrlsbvh, c` ls lxtrhø` qul ohs plrs`chs hfldthkhs sufrhc kbduothkls lg`db`chols. Klprlsbôc, hcsblkhk, brh, gblk`, lg`db`cls sl kbhmc`sdhc h glcuk` lctrl ohs plrs`chs qul auct` sufrlcd`c LG `trhs ` o`s hoolmhk`s. [1 G ‟[lcm` lsdolr`sbs gñopol y drl` qul oh dhush ls p`r phtômlc`s. Gl nhc nldn` prulehs kl ohe`rht`rb` y sl lcd`ctrô qul1 Oygl (E`rrlob`sbs), Dnohgyk`pnboh pclug`cbhl, Lpstlbc-Ehrr, gbd`pohsghs, olvhkurhs (dèckbkh), lo g`n` Eohdjelrry y gudn`s `tr`s. Gl nl lsthk` nhdblck` qulohdbôc phrh oh lobgbchdbôc kl o`s glthols plshk`s, glrdurb`, lo po`g`, lo hrsâcbd`, lo dhkgb`, ltd. Nl rlsp`ckbk` h gudn`s trhthgblct`s trhthgblct`s y nl nldn` pr`mrls`s lc gb shouk. Nl t`ghk` GGT kurhctl gès kl uc gls. Lgpldâ p`d` h p`d` klebk` h oh ghmcbtuk kl gb lcflrglkhk. Nl huglcthk` mrhkuhoglctl mrhkuhoglctl gbs k`sbs kl 8 m`th 8 vlz ho kçh hn`rh h t`ghr < m`ths < vldls ho kçh. Gl qulkâ lc k`sbs ehahs phrh slmurbkhk y phrh plrgbr qul ohs pohqulths v`ovblrhc h su slr. slr. [lcçh [lcçh uc p`d` kl cèuslhs, cèuslhs , phsâ hmuhs lspug`shs lspu g`shs klo bctlsc` (qul drl` qul lrh olvhkurh gulrth). Lst`y c`thck` gudnhs gla`rhs d`g` oh rlkuddbôc klo lklgh lc ohs ghc`s, pbls, pblrchs, erhz`s, dhrh, lstôghm` y gbs mhcmob`s obcfèd`s eha` o`s erhz`s lstèc plrkblck` su nbcdnhzôc. Gb rlspbrhdbôc ls ghs pr`fuckh. Ohs ghcdnhs kl oh lkhk lc oh phrtl p`stlrb`r kl gbs ghc`s sl lstèc klsvhcldblck`. klsvhcl dblck`. Gbs duduohs d uduohs lstèc plrkblck` oh drlsth lckurldbkh horlklk`r kl ohs uøhs. Gbs uøhs lstèc plrkblck` ohs drlsths y pr`tuelrhcdbhs o`cmbtukbchols y n`rbz`cthols. Gb pblo y ohs uøhs s`c erboohctls lc oumhr kl pèobkhs y sbc erboo` Nheoâ d`c Abg y âo gl rld`glckô qul p`kçh plrghcldlr lc oh k`sbs hdtuho kurhctl k`s slghchs y oulm` nhdlr ghctlcbgblct` kl 6 m`ths ho kçh. Drl` qul 5=; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; v`y h pr`ehr lst`, plr` klplckblck` kl oh rlduplrhdbôc slmubrâ d`c < m`ths x < vldls ho kçh, sblgprl y duhck` d uhck` c`tl gla`rhs. Oh Lsdolr`sbs Gñopol ls uch lcflrglkhk kbdbo y pulkl thrkhr gès lgp` d`c lstl trhthgblct`. [hgebâc nl plrkbk` > oberhs y 6 puomhkhs kl gb dbcturh y c` lst`y h kblth. T`y uc g`cbt`r lc oh eulch f`rgh nbsthgbch, OKC y theolr` kl glcshals hotlrchv`. Tl trhth kl uc theolr` kl glcshals hdv` y kl hp`y` qul gudnhs plrs`chs d`c lsdolr`sl gñopol o` uobzhc. Fulctl1 nps1//ggs;obfl.w`rkprlss.d`g/ggs-tlsg`cbhos/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`c pr`t`d`o` Q (zhpplr). [hgebâc sl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) hpobdhk` kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Kl c`dnl sl pulkl hpobdhr lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) dhkh 5 ô 4 kçhs. Homuc`s gâkbd`s lstèc uobzhck` thgebâc lo pr`t`d`o` R (bcylddbôc bctrhvlc`s`) plr` c` sl kbsp`cl kl rlsuothk`s d`cdouylctls nhsth oh fldnh. Lo Kr. Auobèc U. rld`gblckh thgebâc hd`gphøhro` d`c k`sbs hoths kl gloht`cbch. Lsqubz`frlcbh Oh lsqubz`frlcbh ls uch lcflrglkhk glctho dhushkh p`r uc kls`rklc dlrlerho qul kltlrb`rh oh dhphdbkhk kl ohs plrs`chs lc kbsct`s hspldt`s psbd`oômbd`s d`g` lo plcshgblct`, oh plrdlpdbôc, ohs lg`db`cls y oh v`oucthk. Lo târgbc` lsqubz`frlcbh sbmcbdh ‟glctl lsdbckbkh‗, klebk` h ohs hotlrhdb`cls klo plcshgblct` qul prlslcthc ohs plrs`chs hfldthkhs. Tç1 Klobrb`s, houdbchdb`cls, trhst`rc`s klo plcshgblct` plcshgblct`,, hbsohgblct` y kltlrb`r` kl ohs lg`db`cls. C 1 Tl nh khk` lo dhs` qul nhy vhrb`s dhs`s kl lsqubz`frlcbh qul nl p`kbk` rlohdb`chr kbrldthglctl d`c phrèsbt`s, yh qul ho nhdlr lo pr`t`d`o` kl 5=< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh klsphrhsbthdbôc oberhr`c mrhckls dhckhkls kl gud`sbkhkls bctlschols, ho bmuho qul o`s cbø`s d`c husg`. \ch vlz tlrgbchk` lo pr`t`d`o` kl trls glsls sl nh p`kbk` vlr uc bcdrlglct` dohr` y gla`rh lc ohs plrs`chs hfldthkhs p`r lsth lcflrglkhk. Duhck` nhy uc pr`eolgh dlrlerho nhebtuhoglctl eusdhg`s lo pr`eolgh lc oh dhelzh, sbc lgehrm` gl nl khk` dulcth qul oh mrhc ghy`rçh kl o`s pr`eolghs lstèc dhushk`s lc lo bctlsc` p`r t`xbchs, yh slhc bcmlrbkhs, lo hod`n`o p`r lalgpo`, ` dhushkhs p`r phrèsbt`s y `tr`s phtômlc`s qul obelrhc hg`cb` lc hoths dhckhkls, eo`qulhck` lo ouglc bctlscho y oh hes`rdbôc kl cutrblctls ho gbsg` lgp`. [1 Kv @. \. (Lø) — 9;/85/8< 5 lpbs`kb`s kl ‟lsqubz`frlcbh‗ hmukh d`c bctlrchgblct` n`spbthohrb` y gudn`s lpbs`kb`s olvls kl er`tls psbdôd`s kurhctl glsls. [rhthgblct` ho`pèd` d`g` gçcbg` kl uc hø` (slmñc lo gâkbd`). Ho gls klo trhthgblct` ho`pèd` d`glczô pr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 pr`t`d`o` E) y pr`t`d`o` Y (klsphrhsbthdbôc). (klsphrhsbt hdbôc). Lc uch slghch klaô d`gpolthglctl oh glkbdhdbôc. Nhsth kçh kl n`y, 8> glsls klspuâs, cbcmñc lpbs`kb` cb sçct`gh kl rldhçkh. Fulctl1 l-ghbo lcvbhk` ho hut`r [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` lc lstl dhs` slrçh lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, kurhctl 4 slghchs, slmubk` p`r lo pr`t`d`o` Y (phrèsbt`s). Lst`ghtbtbs Lst`gh tbtbs Vlsbduohr Oh lst`ghs nlrpâdh ls uch bcflddbôc, dhushkh p`r lo vbrus kl oh lst`ghs vlsbduohr (VTV), uc vbrus HUC qul plrtlcldl h oh fhgbobh Unhek`vbrbkhl, mâclr` Vlsbduo`vbrus. Tl `rbmbch lc oh e`dh y dhush ñodlrhs l bchghdbôc. Tç1 Hgp`oohs lc oh e`dh, d`c f`rghdbôc p`stlrb`r kl ñodlrhs, pârkbkh kl hplt`, kbduothk phrh klmour, ehel`, lerl, brrbthebobkhk, k`o`r lc oh e`dh. 5=6 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [1 K. Lv T H uch phdblctl d`c lst`ghs hmukh ful hpobdhk` lo pr`t`d`o` lstèckhr kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` y lc sôo` 5; n`rhs sl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr uch rlgbsbôc t`tho. C` nl p`kbk` `eslrvhr lst` d`c cbcmñc `tr` glkbdhglct` lc gb trheha` d`g` klcsth lst`ghtôo`mh. lst`ghtôo`mh. Yulk` d`crghr qul ls 899% ldhz y o` uobzô h glcuk` s`erl t`k` phrh bgpohctls sbc nhelr tlcbk` bcflddb`cls klskl lct`cdls. Fulctl1 d`glcthk` ho hut`r [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) qul sl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` A (lcauhmul) kurhctl uch slghch. Fber`gbhombh Oh er`gbhombh, lcflrglkhk kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls uch lcflrglkhk drôcbdh qul sl dhrhdtlrbzh p`r k`o`r gusduohr mlclrhobzhk` y fhmh (dhcshcdb`), d`c uch lxhmlrhkh nbplrslcsbebobkhk (ho`kbcbh l nbplrhomlsbh) lc gñopols puct`s prlklcbk`s lc t`k` lo dulrp`, sbc hotlrhdb`cls `rmècbdhs klg`strheols. Tç1 Hklgès kl k`o`r y hm`thgblct`, oh er`gbhombh thgebâc pulkl `dhsb`chr uc` ` vhrb`s kl o`s sbmublctls sçct`ghs pbd`s1 trhst`rc`s klo sulø`, hcqubo`shgblct`, rbmbklz ghtuch, bcdrlglct` kl k`o`rls kl dhelzh ` kl dhrh, gholsthr hek`gbcho, pr`eolghs mlcbt`urbchrb`s, phrlstlsbh, slcsbebobkhk hgeblctho, pr`eolghs kl oh pblo, klslquboberb`, trhst`rc`s d`mc`sdbv`s, prlslcdbh kl uc trhst`rc` clur`oômbd` d`c`dbk` d`g` lo ‟sçckr`gl kl ohs pblrchs bcqublths‗, klprlsbôc y hcsblkhk. [1 Hô — </;/84 Gb gualr phkldbô kl t`k` er`gbhombh, drôcbdh. Kurhctl hø`s phshg`s uc dhovhrb`, s`erl looh, thct``lcfhmh dhsh d`g` lc su trheha`,k`s k`ckl oh lcflrglkhk c` ol plrgbh rlckbr c`rghoglctl oolmhck` oolmhck` h plobmrhr su pulst` kl trheha`. Lsth lcflrglkhk d`csbstl lc k`o`rls lc ohs lxtrlgbkhkls y dhcshcdb` 5== [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh lc mlclrho, kl f`rgh klmlclrhvh, oolmhck` h klahr h oh plrs`ch dhsb d`g` uc vlmltho. Kurhctl o`s k`s hø`s qul kurô c` klaheh kl br h rlnhebobthdbôc. Duhck` hdheheh, v`ovçh h plkbr slr hkgbkh kl culv`, y hsç d`ccuhglctl, puls lstl rldurs` c` lobgbcheh lo pr`eolgh. Lst` d`gebchk` d`c glkbdhdbôc vhrbh, d`g` dhoghctls. Khk` qul c` nhy glkbdbch lspldçdh, ol rldlthr`c Oyrbdh, uc hclpboâpd`, p`rqul klsduerblr`c qul d`g` lfldt` slduckhrb` hcuoheh lo k`o`r y sl o` qubtheh h d`sth kl klahroh slkhkh. Oh t`gô uch s`oh vlz. Lo GGT lctrô lc culstrhs vbkhs y y` o` t`gheh phrh oh nlphts D, plr` looh c`. Duhck` c`tâ oh lclrmçh qul gl kheh trhs uc`s kçhs kl t`ghro`, d`cvlcdç h gb gualr h ehsl kl bcsbstlcdbh kl qul o` t`ghrh looh thgebâc, ho glc`s phrh qul c`thrh oh lclrmçh. Looh c` d`ch lc d`shs qul sl shomhc kl o` trhkbdb`cho, plr` p`r c` `çrgl gès hddlkbô h t`ghro`. Ho c`vlc` kçh o`s k`o`rls klshphrldblr`c. Kl lst` nhdl yh ; hø`s. Lst`y guy hmrhkldbk` h Kb`s p`r Abg Nugeol, p`r klsduerbr dôg` hpobdhr ho dulrp` nughc` lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. O` slmubg`s t`ghck` phrh ghctlcbgblct` kl oh shouk. Gb nlphs c` nh rlgbk`, plr` o`s hcèobsbs slglstrhols qul gl nhm` khc rlsuothk`s lstheols, y nhm` vbkh c`rgho. Hd`csla` lo GGT h t`k` lo guck`. Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/5984/9;/9</er`gbhombh-tlsg`cb`-ggs/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` slrçh lgplzhr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh (H lc dhs`s slvlr`s), qul sl pulkl d`gebchr, sb ls p`sbeol, d`c pr`t`d`o` Q (zhpplr) y d`c lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh). \ch vlz qul lo phdblctl sblctl uch gla`rh lstheol klebk` h oh lobgbchdbôc kl t`xbchs sl rld`gblckh nhdlr lo pr`t`d`o` Y (phrèsbt`s), yh qul sl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr prlslcdbh lc prèddhglctl t`k`s o`s dhs`s. Klspuâs kl oh klsphrhsbthdb klsphrhsbthdbôc ôc sl vulovl h nhdlr lo pr`t`d`o` D kurhctl 4 glsls phrh lobgbchr o`s rlsbku`s tôxbd`s kl o`s phrèsbt`s. Lc homuc`s dhs`s pulkl nhelr drbsbs durhvhs s`erl t`k` duhck` nhy prlslcdbh ghsbvh kl phrèsbt`s y lc lstl dhs` sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh). Fber`sbs quçstbdh Oh er`sbs quçsdh, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls uch lcflrglkhk drôcbdh qul rlprlslcth uc 5=> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; mrhvl pr`eolgh kl shouk, hfldth prbcdbphoglctl h o`s puog`cls y ho sbstlgh kbmlsv`. Yhrh ghctlclr d`ctr`ohkh oh lcflrglkhk, ohs plrs`chs d`c er`sbs quçsdh cldlsbthc uc dubkhk` plrghclctl d`c d`ccu`s trhthgblct`s phrh ohs d`gpobdhdb`cls puog`chrls y kbmlsvhs, d`c d`ctr`ols plrbôkbd`s lc lo n`spbtho y uch klkbdhdbôc polch p`r phrtl kl ohs plrs`chs y su fhgbobh. Tç1 O`s sçct`ghs dhrhdtlrçsd`s kl lsth lcflrglkhk s`c1 she`r shohk` kl oh pblo, frldulctls pr`eolghs rlspbrht`rb`s, fhoth kl pls` y pr`eolghs kbmlsv`s. [1 K. D M. DLU[BFBDHDBÔC HDULKB[H[BVH KLO LT[HK@ KL THO\K DLU[BFBDH1 XulyKøh. GBUBHGer`cd`puog`chr F.M, kl 59 hø`s kl lkhk, kbhmc`sdhkh kl Fber`sbs Xuçsdh Hsplrmbo`sbs klskl lo lstè hø` 5999: lsthck` d`c hcebôd`tlrhpbh hcebôd`tlrhpbh `rho y/6 BV BV,, lc dbdo`s d bdo`s rlplk`s, slmñc duov`s kl lsput`. Tl ol nhc prhddhk` trls lge`obzhdb`cl lge`obzhdb`clss (5989, 5988 y 5984) p`r nlg`psbs kl rlpldbôc. Nldn` p`r lo qul o`s trhthgblct`s bcnhoht`rb`s lstèc guy obgbthk`s, hucqul prlslctl slcsbebobkhk h [`erhgbdbch y D`obsch. Lc C`vblgerl 5985 hphrldlc ohs prbglrhs rlsbstlcdbhs ‟bc vbtr`‗ h o`s hcebôd`s: hucqul ‟bc vbv`‗ sbmul rlsp`ckblck`, h k`sçs gès hoths kl ohs nhebtuhols, d`c [GY/TG^ ([rbglt`prbg-Tuofhglt`xhz`o). Lc Ghy` 5984, hctl oh fhoth kl ldhdbh frlctl h Ttlc`tr`pn`g`ch ghot`pnbobh, sl kldbkl bctlcsbdhr oh sb`tlrhpbh rlspbrht`rbh rlspbrht`rbh nhsth ; vldls kbhrbhs, phrh gla`rhr oh dhobkhk kl vbkh kl oh phdblctl (klsdhcs` c`dturc` y fhdbobthr su hdvbkhk ucbvlrsbthrbh). Lc oh gbsgh fldnh, sl bcbdbh trhthgblct` kl Hsplrmboous fugbmhtus d`c Btrhd`chz`o y d`rd`tlrhpbh, ghctlcbâck`o` nhsth chols kl Auob` 5984: c` `etlcbâck`sl rlspulsth. Lc duov`s kl lsput` sl klgulstrh slcsbebobkhk h V`rbd`chz`o, V`rbd`ch z`o, plr` c` sl phuth p`r o`s lfldt`s slduckhrb`s vbsuhols prlslcthk`s nhdl hø`s. Oh fhgbobh kldbkl bcbdbhr trhthgblct` d`c GGT lo 8= kl Hm`st` 5984, d`c uch bgp`rthctl kbsgbcudbôc kl ohs sldrldb`cls er`cqubhols, plrgbâck`ol uc klsdhcs` c`dturc` c`rgho y kbsgbcubr h 8-5 sus slsb`cls kl sb`tlrhpbh rlspbrht`rbh. rlspbrht `rbh. Y`r o` qul oh phdblctl gla`rô, d`csbklrheolglctl, d`csbklrheolglctl, lo lso` kl vbkh kbhrb` pr`pb` kl su lkhk. Nhsth oh fldnh kl âstl bcf`rgl, oh phdblctl nh rlhobzhk` 5 dbdo`s d`c 4 m`ths hdvhkhs, > vldls ho kçh, kl GGT nhsth clmhvbzhdbôc clmhvbzhdbôc kl duov` kl lsput`. Hdtuhoglctl, lcl d`g` ñcbd` trhthgblct` `rho, oh t`gh kl uc vhs` kbhrb` kl hmuh kl ghr. Klebk` h oh dhsb bclxbstlcdbh kl sldrldb`cls er`cqubhols, d`ccñh 5=2 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh d`c uch slsbôc kl sb`tlrhpbh rlspbrht`rbh kbhrbh, rlhobzhkh p`r uc sb`tlrhpluth kl oh lsduloh frhcdlsh. Fulctl1 dlrdhk` glkbd` lcvbhk` ho hut`r C 1 Tl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr lo gbsg` p` kl gud`sbkhk lc gudn`s phdblctls d`c pr`eolghs mhstr`bctlschols (husg`, d`obs uodlr`sh, er`gbhombh) y sl pulkl pr`ehr lo pr`t`d`o` Y phrh klsphrhsbthdbôc lvhouhck` lo dhs` p`r uc pr`flsb`cho pr`flsb` cho yh qul c` klsdhrt` uch fulrtl prlslcdbh phrhsbthrbh d`g` dhushctl prbcdbpho kl oh lcflrglkhk. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`) d`gebchk` d`c pr`t`d`o` Q (zhpplr) y Y (phrèsbt`s). Fblerl tbf`bklh Oh lerl f`bklh ` lerl lctârbdh ls uch lcflrglkhk bcflddb`sh pr`kudbkh p`r ehdtlrbhs klo mâclr` Thog`clooh. Lo gldhcbsg` kl d`cthmb` ls fldho-`rho, h trhvâs kl hmuh y kl hobglct`s d`cthgbchk`s. C` d`cfuckbr d`c fus qul sl pr`kudl p`r vhrbhs lspldbls kl ehdtlrbhs klo mâclr` Ubdjlsbh trhcsgbkhs p`r phrèsbt`s lxtlrc`s (pb`a`s). Tç1 Ohlerl f`bklh lstè dhrhdtlrbzhkh p`r lerl lolvhkh y s`stlcbkh (;9 ±D), suk`rhdbôc pr`fush, k`o`r hek`gbcho, k`o`r kl dhelzh y pârkbkh kl hplt`. Glc`s d`gñcglctl pulkl hphrldlr uc shrpuoobk` kl ghcdnhs hpohchkhs kl d`o`r r`sèdl`. [rhkbdb`choglctl sl kbvbkl lc duhtr` fhsls, kurhck` dhkh uch kl loohs uch slghch hpr`xbghkhglctl. Oh kbhrrlh, pbdh kl ohs bcflddb`cls p`r lo rlst` kl slr`p`s kl Thog`clooh (shog`clo`sbs) ls p`d` frldulctl lc oh lerl f`bklh. [1 Hcôcbg` R` d`glcdâ h ushr GGT d`c gb nbah kl 84 hø`s phrh trhthr oh [bf`bklh qul phkldçh frldulctlglctl. frldulctlglctl. Hctls kl oolvhroh ho k`dt`r gl oohgô gb nlrghc` phrh 5>9 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; kldbrgl sb qulrçh bctlcthr d`c uchs m`ths qul ol nheçh rld`glckhk` uc hgbm` qul thgebâc lstheh guy gho p`r oh lerl f`bklh y qul lc hpr`xbghkhglctl lc 5 n`rhs yh sl slch eblc. Y`r ls` gl bctlrlsô y hdlptâ, puls yh lstèehg`s dhcshk`s kl thct` Dbpr``xhdbc` ` bcylddb`cls kl `tr`s hcebôd`s, puls ls hoârmbdh h o`s suofhs. Drl` qul ol kb` s`o` 6 m`ths y lc n`rh y glkbh ` 5 n`rhs gl oohgô phrh kldbrgl qul yh sl slch eblc, hsç kl s`rprlcklctl, ho kçh sbmublctl ol kbô uc rlfulrz` rlfulrz ` puls lo sl rlmrlsheh h T`c`rh (Gâxbd`). Klskl lsh fldnh (`dtuerl 5985) ol lcdhrmuâ uc phdj kl GGT y hdvhk`r y h oh fldnh chkbl kl oh dhsh nh ushk` cbcmñc `tr` glkbdhglct`. [hgebâc phrh mrbpls lxdlolctl. H gb nbah cucdh ol kb` chñslh ` kbhrrlhs. H gb sb o`s prbglr`s kçhs nhsth qul oolmuâ h t`ghr o` gçcbg` y ol fub sueblck` nhsth t`ghr lo pr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 pr`t`d`o` E). ¡Ôahoh qul gb tlsg`cb` ols pulkh slrvbr! Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/tu-tlsg`cb`-s`erl-ggs/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`) d`g` hotlrchvh. Lc dhs`s slvlr`s sl rld`gblckh hpobdhr thgebâc lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh). Fçstuoh hcho stuoh ls uchohd`clxbôc hc`rgho lctrl oh suplrdbl bctlrch klo lc dhcho hchoOh y oh pblo hcho qul r`klh rlmbôc plrbhcho. Oh stuoh pulkl lcd`ctrhrsl lo bctlrb`r klo hc` y c` kltldthr kltldthrsl. sl. Tç1 K`o`r lc oh z`ch k`ckl sl lcdulctrl lo trhyldt` stuo`s` kurhctl oh klfldhdbôc: klfld hdbôc: brrbthdbôc lc oh z`ch hcho p`r k`ckl sl lcdulctrh oh shobkh kl oh stuoh plrbclho: supurhdbôc d`ccuh ` kl f`rgh bctlrgbtlctl, oolmhck` h ghcdnhr oh r`ph bctlrb`r klo phdblctl d`c frldulcdbh: pbd`rls y lsd`z`r lc oh z`ch klo hc` k`ckl sl lcdulctrh oh stuoh. Lc lo dhs` kl qul lxbsth bcflddbôc ls p`sbeol qul hphrlzdh oh lerl. Khk` qul lo phdblctl gudnhs vldls klel muhrkhr rlp`s`, hphrldlc o`s k`o`rls gusduohrls. 5>8 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [1 V (B) — 52/6/85 Xulrbk` Abg, Gb c`gerl ls Vbcdlct y lst`y lsdrbeblck` kl Dhgphcbh lc lo sur kl Bthobh phrh kldbr qul shovô oh vbkh kl gb nlrghc`. Lstl hø`, lc ghy` gb nlrghc` sufrçh kl stuoh hcho p`r duhrth vlz. Nh lsthk` sufrblck` kl stuoh hcho klskl lo hø` 5998. Oh prbglrh vlz qul `durrbô ful lc slplgerl klo 5998 y ful `eobmhk` h plrghcldlr lc dhgh kurhctl uc`s ;9 kçhs. Lc lsl plrç`k`, ful ho n`spbtho k`s vldls kurhctl duhtr` kçhs phrh slr trhthk`. Oh slmuckh vlz `durrbô lc lo 599; y kl culv` sl vb` `eobmhk` h plrghcldlr lc dhgh kurhctl uc`s 49 kçhs, kurhctl lsl plrç`k` ful ho n`spbtho k`s vldls kurhctl duhtr` kçhs phrh slr trhthk`. Oh tlrdlrh vlz qul ol `durrbô ful lc lo 599>, lsth vlz ful f`rzhk` h oh dhgh sôo` p`r uch slghch, ful ho n`spbtho y o`s gâkbd`s ol kbalr`c qul c` nheçh chkh gho`. Oh duhrth vlz ful lstl hø` lc ghy` y yh lstheh guy lcflrg`, c` p`kçh dhgbchr,, sus pblrchs ol k`oçhc, sus pbls ol k`oçhc y âo lstheh guy prl`duphk`. dhgbchr Gl kba` qul cucdh sl sbcô thc gho lc t`kh su vbkh. [hc pr`ct` d`g` gl o` d`glcdâ h trhthro` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 pr`t`d`o` E), qul ls kl 4 m`ths kl GGT hdvhkhs dhkh n`rh y gl prlphrâ uch e`tlooh kl sprhy d`c ;9 m`ths hdvhkhs kl GGT phrh r`dbhr s`erl oh z`ch hfldthkh kl f`rgh d`ccuh dhkh vlz qul sl sldheh. Klspuâs kl t`ghr GGT p`r uc kçh, ohs pblrchs y o`s pbls lgplzhr`c h gla`rhr y puk` p`clrsl kl pbl y dhgbchr olcthglctl. olcthglctl. Kçh 4 c` slch cbcmñc k`o`r lc hes`out` y t`k`s lstèehg`s flobdls. Kçh ; ful kl d`gprhs d`c su lsp`sh. Âo lstheh guy eblc. Kçh <, v`ovbô h trhehahr, kba` qul sl slch gès fulrtl qul cucdh, oolc` kl lclrmçh. Ho bmuho qul y` âo thgebâc lstè t`ghck` 6 m`ths kl GGT hdvhkhs t`k`s o`s kçhs d`g` ghctlcbgblct`. Gl kba` qul hn`rh lstheh nhdblck` d`shs qul c` p`kçh nhdlr hctls p`rqul ol k`oçh oh lsphokh duhck` trhtheh kl g`vlr ` olvhcthr `ealt`s h su horlklk`r. Hn`rh âo ls uch plrs`ch shch. Xul Kb`s o`s elckbmh Abg y t`k`s o`s qul lstèc d`c ustlk. Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/hcho-stuoh [rhthgblct`1 Lo trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh oh uobzhdbôc klo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`), d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` K (klrght`oômbd`) kurhctl 8 ô 5 slghchs y pr`t`d`o` U (plrbooh rldtho) klspuâs kl dhkh klp`sbdbôc. 5>5 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Frhdturh \ch frhdturh ls oh rupturh ` phrdbôc kl uc nuls` p`r lxdlsbvh prlsbôc. Tb oh pblo sl r`gpl, sl oohgh frhdturh lxpulsth. Hehrdh bmuhoglctl mrhckls olsb`cls d`g` olsb`cls gbdr`sdôpbdhs. Tç1 O`s sbmublctls s`c o`s sbmc`s y sçct`ghs gès nhebtuhols kl uch frhdturh1 lxtrlgbkhk ` hrduohdbôc vbsbeolglctl fulrh kl oumhr, ` klf`rghkh, nbcdnhzôc, nlght`gh ` shcmrhk`, k`o`r bctlcs` (nhsth sn`dj s n`dj clur`mâcbd`), lctugldbgblct` y n`rgbmul`, g`vbgblct` obgbthk` ` bcdhphdbkhk phrh g`vlr uch lxtrlgbkhk. [1 Èv V V Lvç (D) — </;/84 </;/84 Lc lo gls p`r kl kbdblgerl klo 5988 olsb`cls mrhvls lc uch kl sus lxtrlgbkhkls hmrlsbôc kl uchø` mrup` klsufrbô hcs`dbhols. Ulsuothck` d`c su pblrch qulerhkh lc 4 phrtls, ful d`ckudbk` ho lstheoldbgblct` hsbstlcdbho k`ckl p`stlrb`r h lxèglcls y rhkb`mrhhs uc gâkbd` qubclsbôo`m` ol hd`g`kô o`s nuls`s y ol lcylsô oh pblrch nhsth gès hrrbeh kl oh r`kbooh, klrbvèck`o` h su k`gbdbob` d`c dhoghctls y rlp`s` p`r 6 glsls, tlcblck` qul v`ovlr lc 59 kçhs phrh uc d`ctr`o. D`glczô h t`ghr GGT, y d`c oh s`rprlsh qul h o`s ; kçhs sl ol phshr`c o`s k`o`rls, y d`glczô h dhgbchr hp`yhk` h uc ehstôc. H o`s 59 kçhs duhck` v`ovbô ho d`ctr`o, o`s gâkbd`s sl lcd`ctrhr`c d`c oh s`rprlsh qul lc oh rhkb`mrhh g`strheh qul o`s nuls`s nheçhc s`okhk`: p`r o` thct` ol qubthr`c lo yls` y ol kblr`c kl hoth. Xublr` nhdlr prlslctl qul lo GGT hyukô h lsth plrs`ch h qul lc s`o` ; kçhs sl suplrhrhc o`s k`o`rls y ehsthr` ehsthr`c c s`o` 59 kçhs phrh qul s`okhrhc sus nuls`s y c` 6 glsls d`g` sl ol kbhmcôsd` phrh su rlduplrhdbôc t`tho. H oh fldnh sl lcdulctrh lc guy eulchs d`ckbdb`cls. Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/5984/9;/9</frhdturh-klpblrch-lc-trls-phrtls-tlsg`cb`-ggs/ [rhthgblct`1 Lo trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`) kurhctl 4 h 6 slghchs slmñc oh mrhvlkhk kl oh frhdturh. Yhrh oh s`obkbdhdbôc gès rèpbkh sl pulkl uobzhr thgebâc k`s bghcls fulrtls kl hothv`z lc hge`s ohk`s kl oh frhdturh ucbk`s p`r uc nblrr`. Lo dhgp` ghmcâd` hfldth hfldth h oh shcmrl qul ls slcsbeol ho ghmclsg` klebk` h su hot` d`ctlcbk` lc ôxbk` kl nblrr` qul ol kh lo d`o`r r`a`. Oh hp`rthdbôc hkbdb`cho kl shcmrl hdlolrh lo pr`dls` kl durhdbôc. 5>4 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Mhstrbtbs Oh mhstrbs `durrl duhck` lo rlvlsgbl rlvlsgblct` ct` klo lstôghm` rlsuoth nbcdnhk` ` bchghk`, prlslctèck`sl prlslctèck`sl lc f`rgh kl ghcdnhs r`abzhs, ohs duhols rlprlslct rlprlslcthc hc brrbthdbôc ` nlg`rrhmbhs suelpbtlobhols. Lo kbhmcôsd` prldbs` sl `elcl p`r lxpo`rhdbôc lck`sdôpbdh, lc oh qul sl hprldbhrè sb oh phrtl hfldth h t`kh oh lsflrh mèstrbdh ` sôo` h uch z`ch. T`c vhrbhs sus dhushs, lctrl loohs, o`s gho`s nèebt`s hobglcdb`s, lo lstrâs, lo heus` lc lo d`csug` kl hchomâsbd`s (hspbrbch, pbr`xbdhg, pbr`xbdh g, bck`glthdbch, ltd.), klsôrklcls kl hut`bcgucbkhk ` oh bcflddbôc p`r Nlobd`ehdtlr pyo`rb. Tç1 K`o`r hek`gbcho, mhsls ` htuolcdbhs, gholsthr lst`ghdho lc mlclrho, hdbklz lst`ghdho. O`s hrk`rls lc lo lpbmhstrb` sulolc dlklr h d`rt` pohz` d`c oh bcmlsth kl hobglct`s. C 1 Tl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr lc gudn`s dhs`s oh prlslcdbh kl oh ehdtlrbh Nlobd`ehdtlr pyo`rb d`g` dhushctl. [1 Hô (Yñ) (…) o`s gâkbd`s gl kbalr`c qul tlcçh mhstrbs y klgès h dhush kl thcths phsoohs phrh ohsc`gbmrhøhs, qul prèddhglctl g`rbrçh d`c oh gbmrhøh puls nhy durh gl y klkbalr`c ohs holrmbhs cb nheohr. [lcçhy`qul dubkhrgl lo lstôghm` puls p`krçh phkldlr h futur` kl uodlrhs, h phrtl sl sughc gbs gñopols vbsbths ho `t`rrbc` ` ho clugôo`m`, cucdh sheçh h k`ckl br p`rqul dhkh vlz qul gl vlcçh uch mrbpl fulrtl sl gl d`gpobdheh oh rlspbrhdbôc d`c lsphsg`s er`cqubhols. Lc kbdblgerl klo 5988 hctls kl lsths, gb mhstrbs sl nheçh hdlctuhk` p`r vhrbhs slghchs, c` p`kçh t`ghr cb uc poht` kl s`ph, s`o` t`gheh mlohchs nlohkhs p`rqul lo lstôghm` gl k`oçh n`rr`rls sb d`gçh hom`, p`r gès suhvl ` obmlr` qul fulrh. Ulsbmchk` h phshr ohs lsths lc dhgh, gb phkrl qul vbvl lc Dnbol gl d`glct` klo GGT, y gl lcvbô lo supolglct` h Ylrñ, y` c` ol nbdl dhs`, c` o` beh h t`ghr ahgès, puls tlcçh gudnhs kukhs, hphrtl qul tlcçh pr`mrhghkh uch dbth gâkbdh lc uc`s kçhs, (hdè lc Ylrñ tl nhdlc lsplrhr slghchs ` glsls phrh uch dbth gâkbdh, slghchs phrh t`ghr uc lxèglc, slghchs phrh o`s hcèobsbs, 5>; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; slghchs phrh o`s rlsuothk`s y lc oh lsplrh nhsth c`s p`klg`s g`rbr, phrh o`s qul tlclg`s slmur` s`dbho). Lc c, uch thrkl k`ckl yh c` hmuhctheh lo k`o`r kl lstôghm` cb dhelzh y ohs phsoohs phrh oh mhstrbs c` gl nhdçhc lfldt`, y cb p`kçh t`ghr phsoohs phrh oh gbmrhøh p`rqul ghthrçh gb lstôghm`, ahahah, gl hd`rkl qul tlcçh oh GGT p`r homñc rbcdôc kl oh dhsh. Tlmuç ohs bckbdhdb`cls kl gb phkrl y t`gâ lo pr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 pr`t`d`o` E). 8.± kçh1 6 m`ths p`r n`rh, d`g` bckbdheh oh hcmuh lsduloh klo GGT, y p`r gb brrlmuohrbkhk o` nbdl ; vldls ho kçh, slc uc obmlr` ghrl` plr` chkh g`olst`, ho chobzhr lo kçh c`tâ qul lo k`o`r kl lstôghm` dhsb cb o` slch, lsl kçh hog`rdâ ghczhchs nlohkhs y mhoolths kl hmuh. 5.± kçh1 6 m`ths p`r n`rh, 4 ` ; vldls ho kçh, rlhoglctl c` fub d`csthctl, plr` h su vlz gl kb dulcth qul yh c` slch g`olshs lc lo lstôghm`, y ls hquç k`ckl c`tâ qul hom` mlcbho lstheh phshck`. D`glcdâ h bcvlsmhr gès s`erl lo GGT, phrh lo 4lr kçh, o` t`gl ho pbl kl oh oltrh, dhkh n`rh p`r > n`rhs ho kçh. H phrr kl lstl g`glct` kldbkç klahr ohs ghczhchs nlohkhs y ohs mhoolths kl hmuh qul hog`rzheh, y d`c t`k` lo tlg`r klo guck` gl hcbgâ h d`glr uch s`ph culvhglctl. Gl kb dulcth y slc qul yh c` tlcçh hes`outhglctl cb uc s`o` gholsthr lc lo lstôghm`. Gl slc shc` klo lstôghm`, y ho kçh sbmublctl d`gçh t`k` d`c c`rghobkhk. Thouk`s d`c shouk!! Fulctl1 np1//ggsplrushouk.d`g/558-5/ [rhthgblct`1 Lo trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) kurhctl 4 h 6 kçhs. [hgebâc sl pulkl uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` \ (urmlcdbhs) slmñc mrhvlkhk y oh sbtuhdbôc. Mhstr`lctlrbtbs Oh mhstr`lctlrbs ls uch lcflrglkhk dhrhdtlrbzhkh p`r oh bchghdbôc klo trhdt` mhstr`bctlscho qul lstè d`gpulst` p`r lo lstôghm` y lo bctlsc` klomhk`. O`s sçct`ghs prbcdbphols s`c kbhrrlh, vôgbt`, k`o`r hek`gbcho y dhohgerls. Ohs dhushs pulklc slr ehdtlrbhs, vbrus y phrèsbt`s. Tu trhcsgbsbôc pulkl `durrbr glkbhctl lo d`csug` kl hobglct`s prlphrhk`s bchklduhkhglctl ` kl hmuh d`cthgbchkh ` h trhvâs klo d`cthdt` sbd` d`c plrs`chs bcfldthkhs. 5>< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Tç1 Oh mhstr`lctlrbs sl dhrhdtlrbzh p`r pârkbkh kl hplt`, cèuslhs, vôgbt`s, kbhrrlh g`klrhkh ` bctlcsh y gholsthr lc lo hek`glc. C`th11 Kbflrlcdbhs lctrl mhstrbs y mhstr`lctlrbs1 oh mhstrbs ls uch C`th lcflrglkhk qul d`csbstl lc oh bchghdbôc kl oh gud`sh klo lstôghm` y oh mhstr`lctlrbs mhstr`l ctlrbs ls oh bchghdbôc kl oh gud`sh klo lstôghm` y klo bctlsc`. [1 89/89/8< Gb c`gerl ls Alsñs G`rlc`, tlcm` <; hø`s y s`y kl Ghkrbk. Yhkldçh uch MHT[U@LC[LUB[BT DUÔCBDH klskl nhdl gès kl 49 hø`s. O`s gâkbd`s c` tlcçhc s`oudbôc y thc s`o` p`kçhc rldlthrgl hcebôd`s, pr`tldt`rls kl lstôghm` y hcèdbk`s, d`g` trhthgbl trhthgblct`s ct`s phobhv`s. Y`r lstl g`v`, nhdl gès kl 59 hø`s, kldbkç klahr kl br ho gâkbd`, kl s`gltlrgl h lxpo`rhdb`cls, lck`sd`pbhs, hcèobsbs,… Gl pr`pusl c` v`ovlr h t`ghr glkbdhglct`s. D`glcdâ nhdblck` kblths, lvbthck` o`s hobglct`s qul gl slcthehc gho,… Eusquâ tlrhpbhs hotlrchvhs hotlrchvhs y yh lct`cdls p`kçh vbsougerhr qul oh hodhobcbzhdbôc kl gb dulrp` lrh uch kl ohs dohvls. Klsduerç qul t`ghrgl ebdhre`cht` y obgôc gl slctheh guy eblc… Yr`eâ thgebâc hmuh kl ghr d`c rlsuothk`s guy p`sbv`s, … Lc slplgerl kl 598; gl oohgô uc hgbm` y gl nheoô s`erl uc g`t`r kl pohsgh d`c hmuh kl uc tho Hckrlhs Jhodjlr, duy` c`gerl lsdudnheh p`r prbglrh vlz. Gl d`glctô thgebâc, sb nheçh `çk` nheohr klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` y gl rlgbô h bctlrclt. Hqulooh c`dnl hplchs k`rgç vblck` vbkl`s l bcf`rghdbôc kl Hckrlhs,… Lstheh rlhoglctl lg`db`chk`, puls klskl o`s prbglr`s vbkl`s pukl khrgl dulcth, qul gb pr`eolgh sl p`krçh rls`ovlr sb d`cslmuçh hdhehr d`c ohs ehdtlrbhs y phrèsbt`s kl gbs bctlsc`s y lstôghm` y lctlckç qul oh s`oudbôc lstheh lc lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. O`dhobdâ lo pr`kudt` y k`s kçhs klspuâs d`glcdâ lo trhthgblct`. Gb lctusbhsg` gl nbz` t`ghrgl ohs gèxbghs k`sbs klskl lo prbglr kçh, klshtlckblck` t`khs ohs rld`glckhdb`cls. Oh kbhrrlh qul gl pr`v`dô ful bgp`rthctl, plr` lstheh flobz kl shelr qul lstheh lobgbchck` gbols kl phrèsbt`s qul nheçhc sbk` o`s dhushctls kl thct`s hø`s kl lcflrglkhk. Ulkual oh k`sbs y lc p`dhs n`rhs t`k` v`ovbô h oh c`rghobkhk. H phrr kl lct`cdls slmuç lo pr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 pr`t`d`o` E) kurhctl 58 kçhs. Gl slch guy eblc. D`glcdâ h pr`ehr dblrths d blrths d`gbkhs qul sheçh qul hctls gl slcthehc fhtho, fhtho, y o`s rlsuothk`s fulr`c ôpg`s. Hñc c` o` tlrgbcheh drllr duhck`, ucHogls klspuâs kl d`glczhr lo gl trhthgblct`, hdukçklh uc dugpolhø`s. choyklglkb` oh lsth hphrldbô hctl gç oh pruleh kl fulm`,… ¡\ch e`tlooh kl dnhgpèc!,… d nhgpèc!,… Kurhctl t`k`s lst`s hø`s lo nldn` kl t`ghr uch s`oh m`th gl nhdçh vlr ohs lstrloohs. [`gâ [`gâ uc prbglr 5>6 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; trhm` d`c dblrt` rldlo`, plr` ho vlr qul c` slch cbcmuch g`olsh, hdheâ gb d`ph nhsth lo cho, sbc slcr culvhglctl culvhglctl cbcmuch rlhddbôc clmhvh. Ahgès gl nheçh sudlkbk` chkh bmuho. Gb mhstr` mhstr`lctlrbs lctlrbs drôcbdh nheçh phshk` h oh nbst`rbh. Klspuâs gb lxplrblcdbh d`c lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, c` kla` phshr `dhsbôc homuch sbc d`glcthr h gb lct`rc` gbs rlsuothk`s thc p`sbv`s y o`s kl hgbm`s y d`c`dbk`s qul, p`r gb rld`glckhdbôc, nhc pr`ehk` lsth tlrhpbh. Loo`s thgebâc nhc d`cslmubk` rlsuothk`s fhctèsd`s phrh trhthgblct`s kl lcflrglkhkls d`g` kbheltls, holrmbhs, holrmbh s, dècdlrls, lsdolr`sbs, lsdo lr`sbs, y gl sblct` flobzglctl ‟d`rrlsp`c ‟d`rrlsp`csheol‗ sheol‗,, auct` d`c ohs gbols kl plrs`chs plrs`chs qul nlg`s kldbkbk` pr`ehro`, pr`ehro`, kl oh kbfusbôc kl sus e`ckhkls. Gb hmrhkldbgblct` bccbt` h Hckrlhs, gb hp`y` bcd`ckbdb`cho, gb rld`c`dbgblct` y hkgbrhdbôc p`r o`s lspldthduohrls rlsuothk`s kl sus bcvlsmhdb`cls bcvlsm hdb`cls y s`erl t`k` p`r tlclr lo mrhc vho`r kl kbfuckbro`s. Fulctl1 l-ghbo lcvbhk` ho hut`r [rhthgblct`1 Lo trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) kurhctl 4 h 6 kçhs. [hgebâc sl pulkl uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` \ (urmlcdbhs) slmñc mrhvlkhk y oh sbtuhdbôc. Mbcmbvbtbs Oh mbcmbvbs ls uch lcflrglkh lcflrglkhk k qul bchgh y klstruyl o`s tlabk`s kl s`p`rtl kl o`s kblctls, d`g` lfldt` h ohrm` pohz` kl o`s klpôsbt`s kl pohdh. Tb oh pohdh c` sl qubth, hphrldl lo shrr`. Oh pohdh y lo shrr` brrbthc l bchghc ohs lcdçhs. Ohs ehdtlrbhs qul âsths pr`kudlc, nhdlc qul ohs lcdçhs sl bcfldtlc l bchglc y sl t`rclc slcsbeols. Tç1 Thcmrhk` kl ohs lcdçhs, hphrblcdbh r`ah erboohctl ` r`a` pñrpurh kl ohs lcdçhs, lcdçhs slcsbeols ho thdt`, plr` bck`o`rhs, ñodlrhs eudhols, lcdçhs bchghkhs y kl hspldt` erboohctl, g`vbobkhk klcthrbh y pârkbkh klo nuls` hovl`ohr qul s`slcl h o`s kblctls, d`c oh p`sbebobkhk kl plrklr pblzhs klcthols. klcthols. 5>= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [1 M R. T. L — </;/84 Gb lxplrblcdbh d`c lo GGT ls lxdlolctl, lxdlolctl, nl durhk` uch mbcmbvbs hmukh lc uch slghch, rlgbô d`gpolthglc d`gpolthglctl, tl, sbc hcebôd`s cb hcbchght`rb`s, s`o` d`c lcauhmuls frldulctls kl 8< m`ths. Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/5984/9;/9</mbcmbvbs-hmukh-tlsg`cb`-ggs/ [rhthgblct`1 Lo trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh lo pr`t`d`o` A (lcauhmul eudho) kl 4 h < vldls ho kçh slmñc mrhvlkhk kurhctl uc gls. Tl pulkl hd`gphøhr thgebâc klo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (d`c KGT@) sb oh mrhvlkhk o` rlqublrl. Mo`glruo`clfrbtbs p`slstrlpt`dôdbdh (Tçckr`gl Clfrçd`) Oh mo`glruo`clfrbs p`slstrlpt`dôdbdh, lcflrglkhk kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls uch bcflddbôc dhushkh p`r uc p` kl ehdtlrbh lstrlpt`d`d`s, hucqul ohs ehdtlrbhs lstrlpt`dôdbdhs lstrlpt` dôdbdhs pr`v`dhc oh bchghdbôc kl o`s plqulø`s vhs`s shcmuçcl`s lc ohs ucbkhkls kl otr` kl o`s rbø`cls (mo`gâruo`s) obgbthck` su dhphdbkhk phrh otrhr oh `rbch, lc lstl dhs` oh bcflddbôc c` sl prlslcth lc o`s rbø`cls, sbc` lc uc èrlh kbflrlctl klo dulrp` d`g` oh pblo ` oh mhrmhcth. Tç1 Kbsgbcudbôc klo mhst` urbchrb`, `rbch kl d`o`r r`abz` r`abz`,, nbcdnhzôc klo hek`glc, nbcdnhzôc kl oh dhrh, ` kl o`s `a`s, kl ohs ghc`s, o`s pbls y o`s t`eboo`s, shcmrl vbsbeol lc oh `rbch. [hgebâc pulklc prlslcthrsl k`o`rls ` rbmbklz hrduohr. [1 Hô — 2/4/85 Yhklzd` Yhklz d` kl mo`glruo`clfrbs drôcbdh d rôcbdh (uc trhst`rc` rlcho), plr` klspuâs kl sôo` k`s slghchs kl GGT gbs hchoçdhs nhc gla`rhk` sbmcbdhvhglctl. sbmcbdhvhglctl. Mlcbho! 1) Fulctl1 np1//supolglct`gbclrhogbohmr`s`.ls.to/[LT[BG@CB@T-T@EUL-TGG.n np1//supolglct`gbclrhogbohmr`s`.ls.to/[LT[BG@CB@T-T@EUL-TGG.ntg tg 5>> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [rhthgblct`1 Lo trhthgblct` bckbdhk` lc lstl dhs` slrçh lo pr`t`d`o` H (hghtlur) kurhctl 5 slghchs slmubk` p`stlrb`rglctl p`r4loglsls. pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) `, d`g` hotlrchvh, lo pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`) kurhctl M`c`rrlh Oh m`c`rrlh ls uch lcflrglkhk kl trhcsgbsbôc slxuho, dhushkh p`r oh ehdtlrbh Clbsslrbh m`c`rrn`lhl (M`c`d`d (M`c`d`d`), `), qul pr`obflrh lc ohs z`chs d`rp`rhols nñglkhs y dèobkhs klo dulrp`. Bcdous` lc oh urltrh, qul ls lo d`ckudt` qul trhcsp`rth oh `rbch fulrh klo dulrp`, ` lc lo hphrht` rlpr`kudt`r kl oh gualr, ` lc oh z`ch nñglkh kl o`s `a`s, thgebâc pulkl drldlr y pr`obflrhr lsth ehdtlrbh. Tç1 K`o`r y hrk`r ho `rbchr, k`o`r kl mhrmhcth, rlohdb`cls slxuhols k`o`r`shs, k`o`r bctlcs` lc oh phrtl ehah klo hek`glc, lerl (lst`s k`s ñog`s sçct`ghs sb oh bcflddbôc sl kbslgbch h ohs tr`gphs kl Fho`pb` y h oh z`ch klo lstôghm`) lc dhgeb` sb sl kbslgbch ho t`rrlctl shcmuçcl`, `durrl d`c lerl, shopuoobk`, sçct`ghs sbgbohrls h oh hrtrbs y sldrldb`cls vhmbchols hc`rghols. C 1 Hfrbdh ls uc` kl o`s phçsls d`c gès m`c`rrlh y lo Kr. Kr. Johus Tdnustlrlklr nh lsthk` trhehahck` trhehahck` lc Èfrbdh d`c GGT. Nbz` lstukb`s s`erl lo sbkh y oh ghohrbh y nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr ldhdbh d`c oh m`c`rrlh. Ho slr uch lcflrglkhk dhushkh p`r uch ehdtlrbh lo mrhk` kl durhdbôc ls rlohvhgl rlohvhglctl ctl hot`. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh. Lc dhs`s kl gualrls, d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` V (vhmbcho) y lc dhs` klo vhrôc sl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` U (rldtho d`c plrbooh) kurhctl uch slghch. Lc dhs`s slvlr`s pulkl thrkhr gès y sl hohrmh trhthgblct`. 5>2 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh M`th Oh m`th, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho ls uch lcflrglkhk gltheôobdh, pr`kudbkh p`r oh hduguohdbôc kl èdbk` ñrbd` lc oh shcmrl, dhushck` bchghdbôc y k`o`r lc ohs hrduohdb`cls. Oh m`th hmukh hfldth c`rghoglctl h uch ` p`dhs hrduohdb`cls y oh drôcbdh sl rllrl h lpbs`kb`s rlplv`s kl k`o`r lc gès kl uch hrduohdbôc klo dulrp`. Tl d`csbklrh uc p` kl hrtrbs. Oh dhush bctlrch ls oh kbduothk sloldvh klo rbøôc, phrh lobgbchr lo èdbk` ñrbd` kl oh shcmrl. Tç1 O`s sçct`ghs bcdouylc lo k`o`r kl oh hrduohdbôc, qul d`gblczh sñebthglctl, h glcuk` kurhctl oh c`dnl, sblck` h vldls puosèo, `prlsbv` ` bcs`p`rtheol. Oh hrduohdbôc oudl dhoblctl y r`ah, y lstè guy slcsbeol. Yulkl nhelr lerl. Lc uch kl shcmrl, sl `eslrvh nbplrudlgbh (hoths d`cdlctrhdb`cls d`cdlctrhdb`cl s kl èdbk` ñrbd`hchoçdh lc oh shcmrl). Oh z`ch hfldthkh prlslcth thgebâc nbcdnhzôc y usuhoglctl pulkl trhthrsl trhthrsl klo klk` m`rk` klo pbl, lo t`eboo` ` oh r`kbooh. [1 O H (D) — </;/84 Nhdl 5 glsls y glkb`, qul lst`y t`ghck` GGT, slmñc pr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 pr`t`d`o` E), klspuâs o` t`gâ 4 vldls ho kçh nhsth oh fldnh (6 m`ths). Duhck` nheohg`s oh 8ª vlz tl d`ctâ qul tlcçh M@[H, lc vlrkhk lstheh guy d`gpobdhk` h plshr qul slmuçh uch kblth. [lcçh gudn`s gholsthrls lc gbs t`eboo`s, r`kboohs, klk` m`rk` klo pbl y klk`s kl ohs ghc`s (klk`s dnbd`s c` p`kçh k`eohro`s). tlcçhy 4glkb`, ` ; kçhs sbcdulct` p`klr dhgbchr eblc y gudn` k`o`r Nhc phshk` 5Gl glsls y tl o` lxdlolctlglctl eblck`o`r. qul. gl sblct`, nhc klshphrldbk` t`khs ohs g`olshs y k`olcdbhs. Tbm` d`c gb trhthgblct` kl c` d`glr dhrcls r`ahs, t`ghtl, lgeuk`s ltd. Xublr` hmrhkldlrtl lo p`klr nhelr oolmhk` h , y p`klr nhelr d`cslmubk` lo GGT, rlhoglctl ls uc rlglkb` gbohmr`s`. G\DNHT MUHDBHT, uc herhz` y dulcth d`cgbm`. Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/5984/9;/9</m`th-tlsg`cb`-ggs/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) kurhctl 8 nhsth 4 glsls slmñc mrhvlkhk. 529 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Mrbpl (Bcfoulczh) Oh mrbpl ls uch lcflrglkhk vbrho rlspbrht`rbh pr`pbh kl ohs lsthdb`cls frçhs klo hø`. Hucqul ohs plrs`chs hfldthkhs pulklc rlduplrhrsl h o` ohrm` kl uch ` k`s slghchs sbc trhthgblct` gâkbd`, o`s cbø`s y ohs plrs`chs hqulahkhs kl `trhs bcflddb`cls mrhvls, pulklc sufrbr d`gpobdhdb`cls. Tç1 K`o`r kl mhrmhcth, kl dhelzh y gusduohr, klebobkhk y gholsthr mlclrhobzhk`, d`cmlsôc chsho, lerl suplrb`r h 4> ±D, t`s. Lc o`s cbø`s thgebâc sl pulklc prlslcthr vôgbt`s ` kbhrrlh, brrbthebobkhk ` s`gc`olcdbh. [1 K. R Lze M (Gâx) D`gphrt` qul gb s`erbcbth kl 2 glsls kl lkhk, bcbdbô lo sèehk` phshk` d`c uch mrbpl guy fulrtl d`c vôgbt`s p`r oh c`dnl, kl d`ctlcbk` hobglcthrb` (oldnl) y gud`sbkhk y prlslctheh uch rbc`rrlh drbsthobch hdu`sh bctlcsh, lo k`gbcm` p`r oh ghøhch. Bcbdbâ d`c uch m`th kl GGT y uch m`th kl èdvhk`r, nbdl oh d`gebchdbôc lc uc vhs` kl drbstho y ol hmrlmuâ hmuh, hpr`xbghkhglctl 49 go. y o` pusl lc uc frhsqubt` m`tlr` kl vbkrb`, y kl hooç ol lstuvbg`s khck` 8 m`th dhkh > n`rhs y lfldvhglctl lsl gbsg` gbsg ` k`gbcm`, yh lstè d`c uch gla`rh c`theol, y nhsth lo kçh kl n`y gudn` gla`r. Fulctl1 np1//www.dlc np1//www.dlctr`slr tr`slr.d`g/phmbchs/ggstlsg`cb`s.ntgo .d`g/phmbchs/ggstlsg`cb`s.ntgo [rhthgblct`1 Lo trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh lo pr`t`d`o` F (frldulctl) slmubk` p`r lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh kurhctl lo lgp` cldlshrb`. D`g` d`gpolglct` thgebâc sl pulkl uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` Q (zhpplr) qul kh uc`s rlsuothk`s lxdlolctls lc d`gebchdbôc d`c lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Nlphtbtbs Oh nlphs ls uch bchghdbôc klo nçmhk`. Tu dhush pulkl slr bcflddb`sh (vbrho, ehdtlrbhch, ltd.), bcgucbthrbh (p`r hut`hcdulrp`s, nlphs hut`bcgucl) ` tôxbdh (p`r lalgpo` p`r hod`n`o, vlclc`s ` fèrghd`s). [hgebâc ls d`csbklrhkh, klplckblck`kl klohsupr`kuddbôc l`o`mçh, uch lcflrglkhk slxuho. Yr`v`dh kbsgbcudbôc kl ebobs, kâdbt lckl oh trhcsgbsbôc pr`kuddbôc kl pr`tlçchs, nbp`moudlgbh, kldblcdbhs lc lo glthe`obsg` kl susthcdbhs d`g` glkbdhglct`s, hod`n`o y t`xbchs y kbsgbcudbôc kl oh dhphdbkhk kl klflcsh klo `rmhcbsg` frlctl h ehdtlrbhs y vbrus. 528 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Tç1 O`s sbmc`s y sçct`ghs kl oh nlphs s`c k`o`r ` kbstlcsbôc lc oh z`ch hek`gbcho, bdtlrbdbh, `rbch turebh y klp`sbdb`cls dohrhs, kl d`o`r hrdbooh ` pèobkhs, fhmh, bchpltlcdbh, cèuslhs y vôgbt`s, pârkbkh klo hplt` y kl pls`, gholsthr mlclrho, lsdho`frç`s, prurbt` y k`o`r kl dhelzh. [1 F Hx Y Ez (D) — 8/89/85 N`oh Trh. Hcmâobdh, ol d`cthrâ qul lst` klo ggs nh sbk` guy eulc` phrh gb ustlk shel, y` o` rld`gblck`. Nl vbst` rlsuothk`s bgprlsb`chctls lc gb shouk d`c uch nlphs E qul tlcm` eblc d`gpobdhkh, yh c` o` ls. Gla`rô gudn` gb nçmhk` y o` klgès gbs DK; sueblr`c lo k`eol, kulrg` guy eblc, chkh kl klprlsbôc, ls ghrhvboo`s`. Gudnhs mrhdbhs ltlrchglctl hmrhkldbk` uc herhz`tl h oh kbsthcdbh. Xul Kb`s oh dubkl gudn`. Lsplr` homñc kçh d`c`dlroh y gl vlh o` eblc qul lst`y… Trh. Hcmâobdh uc pohdlr shoukhrol, eulc` phs` h d`cthrol qul tlcm` lc gbs ghc`s o`s rlsuothk`s kl gbs lxèglcls, ol d`cthrâ qul klskl qul lgpldâ h t`ghr lo GGT gla`rhr`c bcdrlçeolglctl bcdrlçeolglctl gbs rlsuothk`s. Hctls kl t`ghr GGT tlcçh gbs dk; lc ;42. N`y p`r n`y tlcm` >=2 ls` sbmcbdh qul lo GGT ls guy lfldv` y gb dhrmh vbrho ls glc`s 59. Ls` sbmcbdh qul lstè clmhvh. Ol lcvç` p`r lstl glkb` lst` d`g` tlsg`cb` kl gb rlduplrhdbôc. Rh ol lcvbhrâ gbs lxèglcls p`r glkb` kl uc d`rrl`. R` lgpldâ h t`ghr lo 2 kl kbdblgerl y lc uc plrb`k` kl slbs glsls gl nl slck` guy eblc. Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/5984/9;/9</nlphs-e-tlsg`cb`-ggs/ C 1 H vldls, h prbcdbpb`s klo trhthgblct`, trhthgblct`, sl pulklc hotlrhr o`s vho`rls kl dhrmh vbrho y DK; kl ghclrh klsfhv`rheol. Tbc lgehrm`, lo phdblctl sblctl gla`rh, duhck` sl sbmul d`c lo trhthgbl trhthgblct` ct` sl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr qul o`s cbvlols oulm` sl vulovl c`rghols y fhv fhv`rheols `rheols lc d`cauct` d`c lo eblclsthr klo phdblctl. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh, d`gebcèck`o` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) uch vlz ho kçh, hotlrchck` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). Lo trhthgblct` nhebtuho ls kl 4 glsls. 525 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Nlrbkh \ch nlrbkh ls uch olsbôc qul sl pr`kudl lc lo dulrp`. Yulkl slr dhushkh p`r hddbklctls, dhçkhs, m`opls, qulghkurhs ` hrghs y mlclrhogl mlclrhoglctl, ctl, r`gplc oh pblo u `tr`s tlabk`s klo dulrp`. Bcdouylc d`rthkurhs, hrhøhz`s y pbdhkurhs lc oh pblo, g`rlt`cls, kbso`dhdb`cls, frhdturhs, t`rdlkurhs y kbstlcsb`cl kbstlcsb`cls. s. [1 Av — 8>/=/84 Nhdl k`s kçhs phslhck` p`r lo dhgp` bctlctâ r`gplr d`c oh ghc` uc ght`a` y o` qul nbdl ful herbrgl lo klk` gløbqul bzqublrk` d`c uc eulc ‟tha`‗. Gl nbdblr`c uch durh kl urmlcdbh lc uc p`obklp`rv` dlrdhc` d`c uc klsbcfl klsbcfldthctl dthctl y gl fub h dhsh d`c uch rbth plr` d`c lo klk` dhsb heblrt`. \c kçh klspuâs c` phrheh kl k`olrgl. Nheçh d`gprhk` DKT y gl kbal1 ‟p`r quâ c` pr`ehro` phrh uch nlrbkh thc pr`fuckh‗. Gl kç uch s`oh hpobdhdbôc kl DKT d`c uc hom`kôc y klspuâs kl uc plqulø` lsd`z`r lo k`o`r klshphrldbô y oh nlrbkh lgplzô h dlrrhrsl. Bcdous` prlsb`chck` lc oh nlrbkh c` gl kulol y ls` qul nhc phshk` s`ohglctl k`s kçhs klo ‟hddbklctl‗. Bccbthglctl gla`r lo DKT qul duhoqublr klsbcfldthctl ` hcebôd` kl fhrghdbh. (…) Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/tu-tlsg`cb`-s`erl-ggs/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh lo pr`t`d`o` K (klrght`oômbd`) r`dbhck` DKT kbrldthglctl s`erl oh nlrbkh lc dulsôc. D`g` hotlrchvh thgebâc sl pulkl uobzhr uch s`oudbôc hdu`sh kl DK kl uchs 6 m`ths hdvhkhs lc 899 go kl hmuh. Lc dhs`s mrhvls d`c plobmr` kl tâthc` ` sbgbohr sl rlhobzh lo pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`) ` D (DKT) kurhctl uch slghch ` gès slmñc sbtuhdbôc. \ch s`oudbôc kl DKT hpobdhkh kbrldthglctl lc oh nlrbkh pr`v`dh oh d`hmuohdbôc dhsb bcglkbhth lvbthck` t`k` p` kl bcflddbôc bcflddbôc.. Tl nh uobzhk` lc dbrumçh kl dhgp` d`c âxbt` phrh d`rthr nlg`rrhmbhs y oh rlduplrhdbôc klo tlabk` ls gudn` gès rèpbkh qul d`c `tr`s klsbcfldthctls klsbcfldthctls qubrñrmbd`s. 524 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Nlrcbh \ch nlrcbh sl pr`kudl duhck` uc ôrmhc` ` tlabk` htrhvblsh htrhvblsh uc puct` kâebo lc lo gñsduo` dbrduckhctl ` tlabk` d`cldv`, oohghk` fhsdbh. Lstl pr`dls` sl klc`gbch pr`trusbôc, qul bckbdh qul lo ôrmhc` s`erlshol kl su uebdhdbôc c`rgho ` sl gulvl gès hooè kl sus oçgbtls. Homuc`s p`s kl nlrcbh s`c1 oh kbsdho, dlrvbdho, ugebobdho, drhclho, bcmubcho, oh kl tlsduo`s, flg`rho, nbhtho, qubrñrmbdh ` kl lvlctrhdbôc. Tç1 O`s sçct`ghs kl ohs nlrcbhs pulklc hphrldlr kl rlplctl, plr` thgebâc pulklc klshrr`oohrsl mrhkuhoglctl. Tlcshdb`cls kl k`o`r pulklc vhrbhr d`csbklrheolglctl d`csbklrheolgl ctl nhsth k`o`r slvlr`. Ohs g`olshs sl pulklc slcr ho phrhrsl, nhdlr lsfulrz` ` olvhcthr `ealt`s plshk`s. Ohs plrs`chs hfldthkhs pulklc qulahrsl gès thrkl ` gès tlgprhc`, kl oh prlslcdbh kl uch pr`tuelrhcdbh qul ls slcsbeol y lstè drldblck`. Yulklc hphrldlr cèushs y vôgbt`s y slcr bgp`sbebobkhk kl lobgbchr mhsls ` tlclr lvhduhdb`cls bctlschols. bctlschols. [1 Nlrcbh Kbsdho1 Lkbs`c (D`o`gebh) 89 hø`s d`c nlrcbh kbsdho. K`o`r guy hmuk` sbc p`klr nhdlr chkh. [rhthgblct` kbhrb` dhkh n`rh > t`ghs. Mrhdbhs h lstl trhthgblct` yh lstè trhehahck`. Fulctl1 nps1//y`utu.el/U4Qkz@9FD9j Nlrcbh tlsduohr1 Bsrhlo Qhg`rh (D`o`gebh) K`o`r lc tlsduo`s. Rh c` p`kçh dhgbchr p`rqul lsthehc guy bchghk`s. Ol behc h `plrhr, plr` pr`eô hctls lo GGT. 8 slghch kl trhthgblct` y ful kbsgbcuylck` lo k`o`r y thghø` nhsth qul v`ovbô h su thghø` c`rgho. Fulctl1 nps1//y`utu.el/pTn@lR<fG6j [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`) y d`gebchro` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) lc oh z`ch hfldthkh kurhctl kurhctl lo lgp` cldlshrb`. 52; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Nlrpls Lo nlrpls, ls uch bcflddbôc pr`kudbkh p`r lo vbrus klo nlrpls sbgpol (VNT). Lo nlrpls sbgpol ls uch olsbôc ` lcflrglkhk dutèclh bchght`rbh qul sulol hphrldlr s`erl t`k` lc o`s oheb`s y qul sl dhrhdtlrbzh p`r oh hphrbdbôc kl plquløhs vlsçduohs, dhushkh p`r lo vbrus nlrpls n`gbcbs kl o`s p`s B ‛nlrpls ohebho‛ y p` BB ‛nlrpls mlcbtho‛. Lxbstlc `tr`s k`s p`s kl nlrpls1 lo nlrpls zôstlr ` duolerbch, c`gerl kl oh rlhdvhdbôc klo vbrus kl oh vhrbdloh, dhrhdtlrbzhkh p`r plquløhs hgp`oohs k`o`r`shs lc f`rgh kl hcboo`, hmruphkhs h o` ohrm` kl uc klrght`gh: y o`s nlrpls vbrus, t`k`s o`s vbrus kl oh fhgbobh Nlrplsvbrbkhl. [1 Hô — 54/4/85 Lsplr` ols pulkh slrvbr gb tlsg`cb` s`erl oh durh kl gb lcflrglkhk. Lgpldâ d`c pucz`cls lc lo ohk` klrldn` kl oh dhelzh, slch qul lrhc lc oh ghsh dlrlerho o` duho ful k`o`r`s`, kl hklctr` nhdbh hfulrh. Gl prl`dupâ sb lrh hom` mrhvl yh qul lc dhkh puczôc plrkçh lo lquboberb` g`glctèclhglctl. Fub ho gâkbd` y gl kba` qul lrh ‟klrghs htôpbdh‗. Ho kçh sbmublctl tlcçh oh pblo brrbthkh y d`c hgp`oohs lc lo pldn`, duloo`, `rlah klrldnh, ohk` phrbltho y `ddbpbtho kl oh dhelzh. \ch k`dt`rh gl kbhmc`sdô nlrpls zôstlr (duolerbooh). Gl kba` qul c` tlcçh durh s`o` sl p`kçh d`ctr`ohr d`c hcvbrhols y ol prl`dupheh sb tuvblrh lcdlfhobs (bchghdbôc klo dlrler`). D`glcdâ ushck` GGT t`ghck` 6 m`ths dhkh 5 n`rhs, lctrl ; y < vldls ho kçh, y r`dbhck` DKT ; h < vldls ho kçh lc oh pblo, lsh c`dnl c` pukl k`rgbr klo k`o`r. Ho kçh sbmublctl lrh tho gb k`o`r klskl hklctr` nhdbh hfulrh lc oh pblo y uc tlrrbeol hrk`r qul dohgâ h Alsñs phrh c` slcr k`o`r y durhrgl, lsh gbsgh thrkl slc hobvb` y gbs hgp`oohs lgplzhr`c h sldhrsl. Fulctl1 np1//www.hebsv np1//www.hebsv.d`g/bcklxPhrdnbv`s/tlsg`cb`s.ntg .d`g/bcklxPhrdnbv`s/tlsg`cb`s.ntg [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`) d`c Q (zhpplr) y d`gebchro` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` K (klrght`oômbd`) (klrght`oômbd`) lc ohLc z`ch hfldthkh kurhctsl kurhctl l lorld`gblckh lgp` cldlshrb`. dhs` rldurrlctl thgebâc nhdlr lo pr`t`d`o` Y (phrèsbt`s). 52< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Nbplrtlcsbôc Nbplrtlcsb ôc hrtlrbho Oh prlsbôc hrtlrbho ls oh qul lalrdl lo d`rhzôc s`erl ohs hrtlrbhs, phrh qul âsths d`ckuzdhc d`ckuzdh c oh shcmrl nhdbh o`s kbflrl kbflrlctls ctls ôrmhc`s klo dulrp`. Oh prlsbôc gèxbgh sl `elcl lc dhkh d`ctrhddbôc klo d`rhzôc d`rhzôc y oh gçcbgh, d`c dhkh rlohahdbôc. Oh nbplrtlcsbôc ls oh lolvhdbôc kl o`s cbvlols c`rghols kl prlsbôc hrtlrbho kl f`rgh s`stlcbkh ` d`ccuh. Nhy vho`rls gçcbg`s y gèxbg`s kl oh prlsbôc, d`csbklrhk`s c`rghols klplckblck` kl oh lkhk y lo slx`. Oh nbplrtlcsbôc ls kbdbo kl kltldthr y pulkl phshr bchkvlrkh y sbmcbdh uc lsfulrz` klo d`rhzôc y kl ohs hrtlrbhs p`r dugpobr su fucdbôc. Tç1 Hucqul c` sulol prlslcthr sçct`ghs lvbklctls homuchs vldls d`cdurrl d`c dlfholh ` k`o`r kl dhelzh, thgebâc ghrl`s. C 1 Oh nbplrtlcsbôc c` ls uch lcflrglkhk, ls uch d`csldulcdbh kl uc lct`rc` klslquboberhk` klslquboberh k` d`c klghsbhkh hdbklz. [1 A (Xè) "\shck` GGT kurhctl 6 hø`s. T`erlpls`. Lo puos` sl gl nh rlkudbk` d`g` duhck` lrh a`vlc y nhdçh klp`rtl. Gb prlsbôc hrtlrbho lstè gla`r qul cucdh." Fulctl1 nps1//y`utu.el/UHOro`;`v`R [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`) d`g` hotlrchvh kurhctl uc gls nhsth c`rghobzhdbôc. Nbplrtbr`bkbsg` H oh hoturh kl oh trèqulh tlclg`s oh moèckuoh r`bkls qul pr`kudl r`xbch, lcdhrmhkh lcdhrmh kh kl rlmuohr lo glthe`obsg` d`rp`rho. Lo nbplrr`bkbsg` ls oh pr`kuddbôc lxdlsbvh y lo ohczhgblct` ho t`rrlctl shcmuçcl` kl ohs n`rg`chs pr`kudbkhs lc 526 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; oh moèckuoh r`bkls, o` qul oolvh h uch hdlolrhdbôc kl ohs fucdb`cls rlmuohkhs p`r lsth moèckuoh. Tç1 Clrvb`sbsg`, pr`eolghs kl sulø`, phopbthdb`cls, dhcshcdb` klsglkbk`, tlgeo`rls, hplt` lxhmlrhk` plr` d`c pârkbkh kl pls` y pr`eolghs mhstr`bctlschols d`g` kbhrrlhs. Lc ohs gualrls, klshaustls lc oh glcstruhdbôc, prlslcdbh kl e`db`, o` qul hdhrrlh kbduothkls phrh trhmhr, hf`cçh y k`o`rls nhebtuhols kl mhrmhcth, `a`s shot`cls, plo` qulerhkbz` y frèmbo d`c pârkbkh frldulctl. [1 Hcôcbg` Lc hplchs 5 chkh glslsklgl durâ kl uco`s nbplrr`bkbsg` y c` gl gudn` nl tlcbk` qul `plrhr. C` t`gâ glkbdhdbôc, gâkbd`s sl lcfhkhr`c duhck` ols kbal qul c` nheçh t`ghk` cbcmuch glkbdbch, hucqul lc lsl g`glct` gl lsthehc flobdbthck` p`r tlclr uc`s hcèobsbs plrfldt`s, drlçhc qul lrh p`r oh glkbdhdbôc. Ful mrhdbhs ho GGT y ho dhgeb` kl glcthobkh glcthobkhk k hctl oh vbkh. Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/0s7nbplrr`bkbsg` C 1 Nhy qul hkvlrr qul lc homuc`s dhs`s kl nbplrr`bkbsg` pulkl slr dhushk` p`r uch phrhsbt`sbs kl Lctlr`ebus vlrgbduohrbs (`xbur`s) hucqul c`rghoglctl lstèc lc lo sbstlgh mrht`bctlscho, sulolc gbmrhr h ohs z`chs n`rg`chols hfldthck` hfldthc k` h o`s cbvlols kl n`rg`chs kl ghclrh kbrldth. Lc lst`s dhs`s lo us` klo kbôxbk` pulkl tlclr d`g` d`csldulcdbh uc clrvb`sbsg` y hcsblkhk p`stlrb`r ho trhthgblct` y nhy qul hpobdhr prbglr` lo pr`t`d`o` Y (phrèsbt`s) lc d`cauct` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` Q (zhpplr) kl ghclrh d`ctucklctl. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh bcbdbhr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` H (hghtlur) ` T (slcsbeol) slmñc mrhvlkhk klo dhs`, d`gebchk` d`c pr`t`d`o` Q (zhpplr), sb ls p`sbeol. Y`stlrb`rglctl hpobdhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) kurhctl 4 slghchs. Lo pr`t`d`o` Y (phrèsbt`s) slrçh bckbdhk` lc dhs` kl tlclr rlhddbôc hkvlrsh kl hcsblkhk y clrvb`sbsg`. 52= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh N`cm`s - Gbd`sbs O`s n`cm`s (gbd`sbs) s`c bcflddb`cls dhushkhs p`r `rmhcbsg`s gbdr`sdôpbd`s (n`cm`s), qul pulklc nhebthr lc oh pblo, gud`shs y `trhs phrtls klo dulrp`. d ulrp`. O`s kl oh pblo pulklc vbvbr lc o`s tlabk`s gulrt`s klo dheloo`, ohs uøhs ` lc ohs dhphs lxtlrchs. Tôo` oh gbthk kl t`k`s o`s p`s kl n`cm`s s`c khøbc`s, plr` pulklc rlsuothr guy kbdbols kl klstrubr. [1 Hcôcbg` \c tlsg`cb` rldblctl kl oh fhgbobh sl rllrl h culstr` nba` kl 82 hø`s. Kurhctl o`s ñog`s 4 ` ; hø`s, nh tlcbk` uch z`ch `sdurh ‟ghcdnhkh‗ lc oh lsphokh, qul gb ghrbk` nh bcvlsmhk` d`g` ‟øh vlrsbd`o`r‗, uch bcflddbôc gbdôdh d`gñc lc plrs`chs aôvlcls. Klspuâs kl t`ghr GGT p`r dlrdh kl ; slghchs, lo oumhr sl nh rlkudbk` lc thghø` p`r 8/4 (59 x 8< dg) (> x 6 puomhkhs). Ho phrldlr, oh z`ch lxtlrb`r nh ‟klshphrldbk`‗ y o` qul qulkh lc glkb` lstè hn`rh uc p`d` olvhcthkh. [lclg`s oh s`spldnh kl qul sl klsprlcklrè. Culstr` nba` lstè lc oh ucbvlrsbkhk, hsç qul tlclg`s oh durb`sbkhk p`r vlr dôg` lsthrè duhck` oolmul h dhsh lc uch slghch. Ol ghctlckrâ bcf`rghk`. Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/fucmho-bcfld`c [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uch kblth hklduhkh ehah lc hzñdhrls, y uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` lo pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`) d`g` hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` K (klrght`oômbd`) kurhctl 4 slghchs. Lc dhs` mrhvl sl pulkl hpobdhr lo pr`t`d`o` M (mhs) kl c`dnl y lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`) kurhctl lo lgp` cldlshrb`. Hotlrchvhglctl sl pulkl d`gebchr d`c uc phr eb` ghmcâd`, ` thgebâc d`c lgpohstls kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch trbturhkh. Bcflddb`cls \ch bcflddbôc ls oh bcvhsbôc kl hmlctls phtômlc`s h uch phrtl susdlpeol klo dulrp`, pr`v`dhck` uch lcflrglkhk. \c` kl lst`s hmlctls phtômlc`s pulkl slr oh ehdtlrbh. Glc`s klo 8% kl ohs ehdtlrbhs dhush lcflrglkhkls, 52> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; plr` ohs bcflddb`shs sl pulklc rlpr`kudbr rèpbkhglctl klctr` klo dulrp` y klspbklc susthcdbhs quçgbdhs oohghkhs t`xbchs, qul pulklc khøhr o`s tlabk`s. Lctrl o`s lalgpo`s kl ehdtlrbhs dhushctls kl bcflddb`cls lstèc lo lstrlpt`d`d`, lstrlpt`d`d`, lo lstho`d`d` y oh L. d`ob. [1 Gç (M) N`oh, y` nl uobzhk` GGT lc f`rgh `rho kl 8 h > m`ths dhkh n`rh p`r 2 n`rhs y thgebâc nl uobzhk` DKB lc f`rgh bcyldthkh d`c e`osh kl hmuh shobch. D`g` ohs m`ths c` gl qubthr`c uch bcflddbôc lc oh dhrh klo ohk` klrldn` p`r k`ckl lstheh gb `a` y sl gl nhdçh uch bchghdbôc lc`rgl, kldbkç bcyldthrgl DKB. Yhrh gb s`rprlsh d`c uch vlz ful sudblctl y gl durô p`r d`gpolt` oh bcflddbôc. Duhck` gl bcyldtl DKB slc lc oh dhrh qul gl phsheh lo oçqubk` sbc k`olrgl, cb nhdlrgl khø` d`g` qul fulrh uch tlohrhøh. Klspuâs, tuvl uch plquløh rlhddbôc d`g` dhcshcdb` y thgp`d` tuvl cb kbhrrlh, cb vôgbt`s. R` usl GGT8 phrh uch bcflddbôc p`r n`cm`s lc lo puogôc oohghk`s Hsplrmboobus. Lstl n`cm` o` tlclg`s t`k`s lc o`s bctlsc`s, c` sl cb d`g` sl trhsohkô h gbs puog`cls. Yhsâ < vldls p`r lo n`spbtho y chkbl gl kldçh qul tlcçh. Mrhdbhs h Kb`s gl t`gl lo GGT dhkh n`rh d`g` lc lo hcmu` pr`t`d`o`. Lgpldâ p`r uc 8 m`th ho kçh. Ful klspuâs qul oolmuâ h < m`ths qul slmuç t`ghck` nhsth oolmhr h 64 m`ths p`r kçh, t`ghck` = p`r n`rh, qul y` oolmuâ h oh rlhddbôc klslhkh qul lrh mhchs kl v`gbthr (mrhdbhs h Kb`s, c` v`gbtâ) y dhcshcdb` qul gl e`tô lc oh dhgh. Klspuâs kl ls` tuvl uch lspldbl kl klsbct`xbdhdbôc d`c o`s gbsg`s sçct`ghs kl uc lpbs`kb` hsgèd` plr` guy olvl. Z…W Thouk`s. Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/0s7bcflddb`c [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh bcflddb`cls kl t`k` p` ls lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`) d`g` hotlrchvh, kurhctl oh bcflddbôc. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth lo thghø` y oumhr hsç qul pulkl slr d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) ` d`c `tr`s pr`t`d`o`s o`dhols. o`dhols. Tb tlclg`s uch bcflddbôc guy mrhckl qul pulkl dhushr uch slpsbs slrçh hklduhk` uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` R (bcylddbôc kl DKB). Tb c` nhy p`sbebobkhk kl rlhobzhro`,, sl pulkl uobzhr thgebâc lo pr`t`d`o` \ (urmlcdbh). rlhobzhro` 522 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Bcsufbdblcdbh dhrkçhdh d`cmlstbvh Oh bcsudblcdbh dhrkçhdh (BD) ` d`cmlsvh ls oh bcdhphdbkhk klo d`rhzôc kl e`gelhr oh sudblctl shcmrl qul lo dulrp` cldlsbth phrh shsfhdlr ohs klghckhs klo glthe`obsg`. Yulkl klshrr`oohrsl klshr r`oohrsl klspuâs kl uc hthqul dhrkçhd`, uc pr`eolgh kl nbplrtlcsbôc hrtlrbho c` trhthk` kurhctl gudn` lgp` ` uch vèovuoh d`r`chrbh hfldthkh. Tç1 Kbduothkls rlspbrht`rbhs, s`erl t`k` duhck` oh plrs`ch sl hdulsth, fhoth kl lclrmçh, slcshdbôc kl dhcshcdb`, kbduothk phrh k`rgbr p`r oh c`dnl, klebk` h pr`eolghs rlspbrht`rb`s, hek`glc nbcdnhk` ` eohck`, pârkbkh kl hplt`, t`s d`c lghs ` g`d`s lspug`s`s, huglct` kl pls` klebk` h oh rltlcdbôc, d`cfusbôc ` fhoth kl dohrbkhk glctho. [1 Ce Uajv (Dè) — 52/6/85 Tôo` tuvl qul kldbrol ho guck`… R` sufrçh kl oh lcflrglkhk kl ohs hrtlrbhs d`r`chrbhs klskl 8226 klspuâs kl nhelr tlcbk` hthquls dhrkçhd`s kl 5-6 glsls kl kbflrlcdbh. O`s gâkbd`s lsthehc `frldblck` uch dbrumçh kl eyphss phrdbho plr` c` gl d`cvlcdçh p`ro` qul lstheh eusdhck` lc t`k` p` kl pr`dlkbgblct`s y trhthgblct`s c` d`cvlcdb`chols. Chkh rlhoglctl gl nbz` slcrgl eblc y t`khvçh tlcçh qul t`ghr gbs glkbdhglct`s y gb Cbtr` Yhtdn kbhrbh. Nhdl p`d` gl lcd`ctrâ d`c su s`oudbôc (GGT). Lstheh hrrlmohck` uc `rklchk`r phrh uc n`gerl ghy`r y glcdb`cô lo GGT. Oolmhg`s h nheohr y gl kbô uch e`tlooh kl Do`rbt` y uch e`tlooh kl Dçtrbd` y ol pr`gl qul gl khrçh uch `p`rtucbkhk. Lst`y guy flobz kl nhelro` nldn`. [lcm` qul kldbr, qul pulkl slr uc p`d` prlghtur` phrh kldbr dblrths d`shs, plr` o` qul sblct` y` c` p`kçh ghctlclro` dhoohk` p`r ghs lgp`. [lcçh gblk` ‛phrh slr n`clst`‛, hsç qul lgpldâ d`c gudn` dubkhk`, d`c sôo` uch m`th dhkh n`rh, plr` c` gès kl > vldls ho kçh. Lct`cdls lgpldâ h t`ghr 5 m`ths dhkh 5 n`rhs gès nhsth > m`ths. Lstheh h puct` kl lgplzhr h t`ghr gès (klspuâs kl 5 slghchs) duhck` gl lgpldâ h lcd`ctrhr lxdlpdb`choglctl lxdlpdb`choglctl gla`r. Nhy qul lctlcklr qul y` vbvçh d`c uch k`sbs kbhrbh kl hcmbch y k`o`rls kurhctl hø`s. Y`r ohs c`dnls tlcçh qul lsplrhr h qul gb d`rhzôc sl dhoghrh o` sudblctl phrh c` qul nbdblrh ld` lc gbs `çk`s y rlkudbr oh vlo`dbkhk phrh p`klr k`rgbr. k`rgbr. C` p`kçh dhgbchr gès kl uch duhkrh y glkbh sbc tlclr qul phrhr y lsplrhr h qul lo k`o`r sl phshrh. 499 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Ylr` hn`rh, klspuâs kl sôo` 5 slghchs, gl lgpldâ h slcr t`thoglctl kbflrlctl. Rh c` tlcçh cbcmñc p` kl k`o`r. Ho prbcdbpb` c` gl o` p`kçh drllr, plr` oulm` lgpldâ h p`clrgl h pruleh. Gl musthrçh dhgbchr gès rèpbk` y… chkh. Gl musthrçh suebr ohs lsdholrhs y… chkh. Lct`cdls d`rrlr lsdholrhs hrrbeh y CHKH! Tbc k`o`r. R` sheçh qul tlcçh qul p`clrgl lc f`rgh p`rqul gl dhcsheh, plr` c` nheçh k`o`r. Tôo` nheçh uch mrhc slcshdbôc kl flobdbkhk y gl slch d`g` duhck` lrh gès a`vlc. R` sâ qul GGT nbz` lst`. C` nhy chkh gès qul p`krçh nhelr lsthk` nhdblck` lstl dhgeb` lc gb shouk. Xublr` mrbthrol h t`k` lo guck`. Xublr` kldbrol h oh mlctl qul gl drlhc y drl` qul c` lst`y trhthck` trhthck` kl vlcklr chkh. Kl duhoqublr ghclrh, hmrhklzd` h oh plrs`ch kl oh d`gputhk`rh qul hrrlmoâ y qul gl kbô oh s`oudbôc gbohmr`sh y ol k`y ohs mrhdbhs h Abg p`r khr d`c lsth s`oudbôc erboohctl y p`r khroh ho guck` klsbctlrl klsbctlrlshkhglctl. shkhglctl. Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/dnk-d`r`chry-nlhrt-kbslhsl [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` H (hghtlur) ` T (slcsbeol) slmñc mrhvlkhk. Tb c` nhy lfldt`s hkvlrs`s pulkl dhgebhr ho pr`t`d`o` D y d`gebchro` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) lc lo pldn` kurhctl lo lgp` cldlshrb`. Bcsufbdblcdbh rlcho (d`cs. ‟Clfrbs‗ y ‟Mo`glruo`clfrbs p`slstrlpt`dôdbdh‗) Oh bcsudblcdbh rlcho, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, d`cvlcdb`cho, ls oh bcdhphdbkhk kl o`s rbø`cls kl otrhr hklduhkhglctl ohs t`xbchs y `trhs susthcdbhs kl klsldn` kl oh shcmrl. Duhck` lo otrhk` mo`glruohr ‛lo otrhk` kl oh shcmrl lc lo rbøôc‛ dhl p`r kleha` klo 5< ho 4<%, lgpblzhc h huglcthr oh urlh y oh drlhcbch. Duhck` lo otrhk` dhl p`r kleha` klo 8<% lgpblzhc h hphrldlr o`s sbmc`s klo sçckr`gl urâgbd`. Tç1 Nbplrtlcsbôc hrtlrbho, pârkbkh kl hplt`, cèuslhs y vôgbt`s, `o`r hg`cbhdho pr`kudbk` p`r o`s glthe`obt`s cbtr`mlchk`s kl oh shobvh, hclgbh, p`r kâdbt kl lrbtr`p`ylch, hotlrhdb`cls d`mcbvhs d`g` oh kbduothk phrh d`cdlctrhrsl, k`o`rls ôsl`s, d`o`r phabz` kl oh pblo, prurbt`s y lc lo n`gerl pr`v`dh fuckhglcthoglctl bgp`tlcdbh y `obm`splrgbh (kbsgbcudbôc lc pr`kuddbôc kl lsplrght`z`bkls lsplrght`z `bkls y lc oh gualr hotlrhdb`cls lc lo ua` glcstruho d`c frldulctl hglc`rrlh. 498 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [1 Me N (Y) — 5>/2/8< Kbèobsbs kurhctl gudn`s hø`s. Nheçh plrkbk` oh lsplrhczh kl rlduplrhdbôc. Lc < glsls kl trhthgblc trhthgblct` t` klaô oh kbèobsbs y ol kblr`c lo hoth. Fulctl1 nps1//y`utu.el/<vN9N]a`CmR [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` H (hghtlur) y lc huslcdbh kl lfldt`s hkvlrs`s hkvlrs`s dhgebhr h D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`) y d`gebchro` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) lc oh z`ch hfldthkh y lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) kurhctl lo lgp` cldlshrb` kl rlduplrhdbôc. Bsqulgbh rlplrfusbôc rlcho Oh bsqulgbh rlplrfusbôc rlcho ls dhush kl bcsudblcdbh rlcho hmukh, qul ls uch lcflrglkhk kl o`s rbø`cls, glkbhctl oh duho pblrkl rèpbkhglctl su dhphdbkhk phrh lobgbchr o`s rlsbku`s y hyukhr d`c lo lquboberb` kl o`s oçqubk`s y loldtr`obt`s lc lo dulrp`. Yulklc `eslrvhrsl gñopols pht`o`mçhs lc ohs qul lxbsth d`gpr`gbs` klo rblm` shcmuçcl` kl oh hrtlrbh rlcho. Lc oh hdtuhobkhk o`s trhthgblct`s kl oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho lclc uc rlsuothk` prèddhglctl cuo`. Tç1 Nldls d`c shcmrl, gho hoblct`, tlcklcdbh h oh f`rghdbôc kl nlght`ghs, dhgeb`s lc lo lsthk` glctho ` lc lo lsthk` kl ècbg`, bchpltlcdbh, bchpltlcdbh, kbsgbcudbôc lc oh slcsbebobkhk, lspldbhoglctl lc ohs ghc`s ` lc o`s pbls, fhmh, k`o`r kl d`sthk` (lctrl ohs d`soohs y ohs dhklrhs), tlgeo`r lc oh ghc`, nbplrtlcsbôc hrtlrbho, she`r gltèobd` lc oh e`dh, cèuslhs ` vôgbt`s qul pulklc kurhr kçhs, nlg`rrhmbh chsho, nbp` plrsbstlctl. [1 K. Aâ O Fèz Vèzqz (Gâx) — 55/2/84 ‟Yhdblctl d`c pht`o`mçh bsqulgbh rlplrfusbôc rlcho, rlsuotô d`c hklc`dhrdbc`gh, nlghturbh bctlcsh, k`o`r d`csthctl l bctlcs`, hsç d`g` puph y dlfholh plrsbtlctl. Lo trhthgblct` ful1 Yr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 Yr`t`d`o` E): Yr`t`d`o` 4999 lc o`s rbø`cls (7 Yr`t`d`o` J): < lclghs d`c 49 m`ths hdvhkhs kl GGT lc dhkh lclgh. 495 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Ulgbsbôc kl oh pht`o`mçh h ohs k`s slghchs y glkbh. Yuk` lvbthr kbèobsbs y/` `plrhdbôc. Côtlsl ohs kbglcsb`cls rlchols ho bcbdb` y ho târgbc`, kh uch dohrh pruleh kl oh dhphdbkhk klo Do@5 lc ohs fucdb`cls rlchols. Fulctl1 np1//f`rug.ggspr.clt/bcklx.pnp0t7gsm&tn7>5>&m`t`7884>6& np1//f`rug.ggspr.clt/bcklx.pnp0t7gsm&tn7>5>&m`t`7884>6& #gsmP884>6 [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` H (Hghtlur) y lc huslcdbh kl lfldt`s hkvlrs`s dhgebhr h D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`) y d`gebchro` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) lc oh z`ch hfldthkh y lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) kurhctl lo lgp` cldlshrb` kl rlduplrhdbôc. Olbsnghcbhsbs dutèclh Oh olbsnghcbhsbs ls uch lcflrglkhk bcflddb`sh dhushkh p`r phrèsbt`s pr`t`z`hrb`s pr`t`z `hrb`s hmlohk`s klo mâclr` Olbsnghcbh qul hfldth h oh pblo y ohs gud`shs, ho nçmhk` y ho ehz` y h ôrmhc`s nlght`p`yâd`s. Ohs ghcbflsthdb`cls doçcbdhs kl oh lcflrglkhk vhc klskl ñodlrhs dutèclhs qul dbdhtrbzhc lsp`ctèclhglctl, nhsth f`rghs fhthols lc ohs duhols sl prlslcth bchghdbôc mrhvl klo nçmhk` y klo ehz`. Oh lcflrglkhk ls uch z``c`sbs qul hfldth thct` h plrr`s d`g` h nughc`s. Tç1 Tl klsdrbelc dbcd` p`s kl olbsnghcbhsbs1 8. Dutèclh doèsbdh1 doèsbd h1 bcbdbhoglctl sl f`rgh uch pèpuoh qul lckl h drldlr, qul kh oumhr lc k`s h duhtr` slghchs h uc côkuo` bck`o`r` d`c d`strh. Tb sl bcfldth sl vulovl puruolcth y k`o`r`sh. D`c frldulcdbh sl vlc hfldthk`s o`s mhcmob`s obcfèd`s. 5. Gbd`dutèclh ` lspuckbh1 Tl prlslcth glsls ` hø`s klspuâs kl qul oh plrs`ch nhyh phkldbk` oh f`rgh dutèclh doèsbdh, p`r kbslgbchdbôc kl o`s phrèsbt`s p`r vçh obcfèdh y shcmuçclh, bcvhkblck` ohs gud`shs kl oh rlmbôc chsho y `r`fhrçcmlh. Cucdh durh lsp`ctèclhglctl y uch vlz durhkh oh bcflddbôc, lo hfldthk` rlqublrl p`r o` mlclrho kl dbrumçh rld`cstrudvh. Ohs klgès f`rghs s`c1 s`c1 4. Dutèclh kbfush, ;. Vbsdlrho y <. Hpbdh dutèclh. dutèclh. 494 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [1 G Oz E (Yñ) Elckbdb`cls. Gb c`gerl ls Ghrdlo` O`zhkh Ehrshc. T`y hrmlcc` plr` rlsbk` lc lo Ylrñ. Hquç lc oh Hghz`cçh y lc o`s tlrrbt`rb`s kl dobgh dèobk` s`c guy heuckhctls o`s dhs`s kl ‟uth‗1 OLBTNGHCBHTBT D\[ÈCLH, hquç lo slrvbdb` kl shouk pñeobdh kh o`s glkbdhglct`s phrh trhthr kbdnh pht`o`mçh1 Moudhccl, uc vlclc` phrh lo sbstlgh lc mlclrho, thct` qul oh mlctl ol lcl tlrr`r h kbdnh lcflrglkhk, pulst` qul duhck` sl trhth d`c o`s fèrghd`s glcdb`chk`s oh plrs`ch sl lcvlaldl p`r d`gpolt`, su sbstlgh qulkh t`thoglctl bct`xbdhk`, sblck` guy heuckhctls o`s dhs`s kl gulrtl klspuâs klo us` kl kbdnh glkbdbch y lc ohs slovhs kl oh Hghz`cçh ol oohghc1 ‟lo lcvlaldlk`r‗. R` hkqubrç lsth lcflrglkhk oulm` kl lsthr duovhck` lc oh z`ch kl Ybood`phth, Yhrqul Chdb`cho Chturho lo Ghcu. Klebk` ho d`c`dbgblct` p`puohr qul p`sll oh mlctl kl oh rlmbôc lct`rc` ho Moudhccl, kldbkç C@ `pthr p`r kbdn` trhthgblct` d`cvlcdb`cho. Gl trhtâ d`c GGT — DKT — KGT@, do`rur` kl ghmclsb`1 t`ghs `rhols, pr`t`d`o` pblo (4.999) (7Yr`t`d`o` J) y ehø`s klt`x lc oh z`ch hfldthkh høhkblck` sho kl Ghrhs (ghrbch) y nhdblck` oh kblth oberl kl hc`xbkhctls y pbdhctls, pr`pbh phrh o`s trhthgblct`s d`c Do@5. Klspuâs kl uc bctlcs` trhthgblct` kl t`ghr dhkh n`rh duhck` lrh GGT y nhsth dhkh 8< gbcut`s DKT, t`k` lo kçh, hd`gphøhk`s klo KGT@, vb vblck` uc pr`mrls` olct` qul oulm` sl kbsphrô duhck` nbdl eblc o` kl oh kblth (klaâ kl d`csugbr vlmlthols frlsd`s, tl, pbdhctls y dñrdugh qul lsthehc bcvhobkhck` bcvhobkhck` uc p`d` lo trhthgblct`). H o`s 4 glsls y glkb` kl gb trhthgblct` bctlcs`, GL D\UÂ Y@U D@GYOL[@… Lo phrèsbt` gurbô y Hckrlhs Jhodjlr tuv` oh hghebobkhk dblcdh kl hd`gphøhr t`kh gb lxplrblcdbh, pulst` qul nhdl phrtl kl lsth ghrhvboo`sh bcvlsmhdbôc. Fbm. ;81 Klthools kl oh pblrch pb lrch kl uc phdblctl, lv`oudbôc kl oh lcflrglkhk y pblrch klo gbsg` phdblctl trâs glsls klspuâs klo trhthgblct` d`c DKT y KGT@. 49; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Hn`rh fherbd` GGT y d`gphrt` lsth vlrkhk p`r k`qublr hquç lc lo Ylrñ auct` d`c gb d`gphølrh D`rho, o` ushg`s phrh t`k` lc culstrhs vbkhs y nlg`s dhgebhk` oh vbkh kl gudnhs plrs`chs qul nhc t`ghk` lo gbsg` dhgbc` phrh su shchdbôc, phrh oh shchdbôc klskl uch mrbpl sbgpol, nhsth uch lcflrglkhk thc d`gpolah d`g` oh ‟uth‗. Lsthg`s hmrhkldbk`s y kbdn`s`s, y kbdnh lcflrglkhk sl d`cvbrô lc o` qul klel slr t`kh lcflrglkhk1 uch `p`rtucbkhk phrh hprlcklr h shchrc`s h c`s`tr`s gbsg`s. [L HGHG@T HCKULHT, mrhdbhs p`r nhdlr kl lstl pohclth uc oumhr kl ghy`r d`cdblcdbh y hg`r, tu bcvlsmhdbôc ls uc olmhk` phrh culstrh lrrh. Fulctl1 l-ghbo lcvbhk` ho hut`r [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` Dd`o` (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`), d`gebchro` d`c lophrh pr`t`d`o` K (klrght`oômbd`) y/` pr`t`d`o` pr`t` J (pblo d`c KGT@) lc oh z`ch hfldthkh kurhctl kurhctl lo lgp` cldlshrb`. Oludlgbh Oh oludlgbh lcflrglkhk kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho. Lo târgbc` oludlgbh sbmcbdh ‟shcmrl eohcdh‗. Lc oh oludlgbh, oh shcmrl pr`kudl moôeuo`s eohcd`s hc`rghols, qul sl kbvbklc rlpr`kudbâck`sl h sç gbsghs, o` qul mlclrh uch pr`obflrhdbôc kl dâouohs hotlrhkhs qul c` gulrlc duhck` lcvlaldlc ` sl khøhc, p`r o` qul sl hduguohc y vhc klspohzhck` h ohs dâouohs c`rghols. Lsth kbsgbcudbôc kl dâouohs c`rghols `dhsb`ch kbduothkls lc lo trhcsp`rtl klo `xçmlc` h o`s tlabk`s, lc oh durhdbôc kl ohs bcflddb`cls ` lc lo d`ctr`o kl ohs nlg`rrhmbhs. Tç1 Nhy vhrb`s p`s1 8. Oludlgbh gblo`bkl hmukh1 dhcshcdb`, pârkbkh kl hplt` y kl pls`, 5. lerl y suk`rls c`dturc`s. Oludlgbh obcf`dçdh hmukh1 slcshdbôc kl ghrl` ` hturkbgblct`, klebobkhk y dhcshcdb`, kbduothkls rlspbrht`rbhs, rlspbrht`rbhs, bcflddb`cls rldurrlctls, f`rghdbôc kl g`rht`cls fèdboglctl, lerl y shcmrhk` frldulctl ` mrhvl lc chrbz y lcdçhs. Hklgès kl t`k`s o`s sçct`ghs klsdrbpt`s hctlrb`rglctl, lstl p` kl oludlgbh pr`v`dh lo hmrhckhgblct` kl o`s mhcmob`s obcfèd`s y k`o`r ` slcshdbôc kl nbcdnhzôc lst`ghdho. 49< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh @tr`s sçct`ghs1 K`o`r lc o`s nuls`s, hclgbh, phobklz y p`dh t`olrhcdbh ho lalrdbdb`. Oh rlkuddbôc klo cñglr` kl pohqulths pulklc trhlr d`csldulcdbhs gès ` glc`s mrhvls d`g` nlg`rrhmbhs lsp`rèkbdhs kl chrbz, e`dh ` rldt` ` ohs pr`kudbkhs lc lo dlrler`. [1 Hô (D) Tl gl kltldth oh lcflrglkhk lc cbvlo ; H (tlrgbcho) lc Kbdblgerl kl 5988. D`glcdâ d`c lstl trhthgblct` gès ` glc`s lc Herbo kl 5985 (lc oh gbthk klo trhthgblct` kl qubgb`). D`glcdâ D`gl cdâ d`c lo GGT y gb dècdlr d`glczô d`gl czô h klshphrldlr. klshphrldlr. Nbdl lo pr`t`d`o` 5999 (7 Yr`t`d`o` E h 89 t`ghs) qul ls t`ghr 89 vldls ho kçh, o`mrâ t`ghr uc frhsd` d`gpolt` kl GGT y su hdvhk`r. [lcm` lo hoth klo dècdlr lc Auob` kl 5985. Gl hdhe` kl nhdlr lxèglcls lc ghrz` 59841 ‟R RH C@ [LCM@ CHKH‗… Fulctl1 np1//ggsdnbol.cbcm.d`g [rhthgblct`1 Lo trhthgblct` trhthgblct` bckbdhk` slrçh lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` [ (tlrgbcho) duhck` lstè guy mrhvl. Lc cbø`s ohs dhckhkls klelc slr glc`rls y hkhpthkhs h oh lkhk. Obqulc lsdolr`s` htrôfbd` Lo obqulc lsdolr`s` htrôd`, lcflrglkhk lcflrglkhk kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho ls uch lcflrglkhk bchght`rbh drôcbdh kl oh pblo (klrghs) y qul sl dhrhdtlrbzh p`r oh prlslcdbh kl pohdhs eohckhs htrôdhs, qul hfldth fuckhglcthoglctl fuckhglcthoglctl h gualrls p`stglc`pèusbdhs. Yulklc lxbsr olsb`cls lxtrhmlcbthols, plr` oh ghy`rçh hphrldlc lc oh z`ch mlcbtho. Tç1 Ho d`gblcz` kl oh lcflrglkhk hphrldlc plquløhs ghcdnhs eohcdhs lc oh pblo, qul sulolc slr obshs y erboo`shs, oulm` oh pblo hfldthkh sl hrrumh y sl vulovl ch, phrh hmrblthrsl d`c fhdbobkhk, y ls d`gñc qul shomhc g`rlt`cls r`a`s ` g`rhk`s. Homuchs vldls hphrldlc dbdhtrbdls lc oh pblo. @tr`s sçct`ghs s`c1 pbdhzôc, g`olsh ` k`o`r, shcmrhk` y hgp`oohs. 496 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [1 H [a (De) — 6/6/8< Eulc`s kçhs, Hckrlhs, d`g` tl kbal lc uc d`rrl` hctlrb`r lstheh lsplrhck` oh d`crghdbôc klo gâkbd` uc mbcldôo`m` `cdôo`m`, s`erl gb durhdbôc klo OBX\LC YOHC@ LTDOLU@T@ R H[UÔFBD@, qublc gl o` kba` hylr. Lcflrglkhk qul phkldç kurhctl 8< hø`s, ‟bcdurheol‗ phrh o`s < mbcldôo`m`s y 4 klrghtôo`m`s qul gl trhthr`c, hklgès kl lsthr 5 hø`s s`glkh h tlrhpbh clurho dhkh 8< kçhs, sbc rlsuothk`s. Klslsplrhkh d`c oh lcflrglkhk p`rqul o`s sçct`ghs s`c guy g`olst`s1 lsd`z`r lc o`s mlcbthols, kl tho ghmcbtuk, qul c` p`kçh ushr lc oh c`dnl, cb sbqublrh oh r`ph bctlrb`r. Bcvlsmuâ lc bctlrclt d`c lo gbsg` pr`côsd`1 ‟BCD\UHEOL‗,, nhsth qul gl lcd`ctrâ d`c lo GGT y HCKULHT ‟BCD\UHEOL‗ H CKULHT JHODJLU y kldbkç lcshyhr. Tl o` kbal ho gâkbd` y nhsth sl g`olstô, plr` slmuç hklohctl d`c t`khs ohs rld`glckhdb`cls, klsphrhsbthdbôc klsphrhsbthdbôc y t`gh klo GGT, qul sl gl nh kbduothk` p`r su she`r. Gl shcâ d`c lo GGT bcdouylck` oh klsphrhsbthdbôc (Yhg`ht` kl Ybrhctlo, Glelckhz`o y hdlbtl kl Ubdbc`, gès 4 lclghs, rlpblck` ho gls y h o`s 5 glsls Glelckhz`o lc oh âp`dh kl ouch oolch). Lgpldâ h ushr lo GGT lc aucb` klo 598;, 4 m`ths 4 vldls p`r kçh kurhctl 8 gls. Oulm` rlpl h o`s 4 glsls y h o`s < glsls, plr`, klskl lo prbglr kçh lgpldâ h ushr lo TYUHR (< m`ths lc 59 dgs kl hmuh, gès 8 pbzdh kl ebdhre`cht`) t`k`s o`s kçhs, klspuâs kl shobr klo ehø` y hñc o` us` hsç lc t`k` lo dulrp` nhdblck` âcfhsbs lc lo `geobm`. Hklgès ls gb lcauhmul eudho klspuâs klo dlpboohk`. Lcauhmul qul kl vlz lc duhck` gl t`g`, p`rqul rlpbt` sl gl kbduoth p`r lo she`r. Hckrlhs h , h Abg y h t`k`s o`s kl Mâclsbs BB Dnurdn, gbo mrhdbhs. Lsplr` qul sbmhc hklohctl hklohctl h plshr kl t`khs ohs plrsldudb`cls. Fulctl1 l-ghbo lcvbhk` ho hut`r C 1 Hucqul lo ebdhre`cht` bcdrlglcth lo pN lc lo DK (GGT), rlkudl lfldvbkhk y ls prlfl prlflrbeol rbeol uobzhr DKT kl ghclrh kbrldth. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`) y d`gebchro` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` K (klrght`oômbd`) lc oh z`ch hfldthkh kurhctl lo lgp` cldlshrb`. Klspuâs sl klel hpobdhr lo pr`t`d`o` Y (phrèsbt`s). 49= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Obcf`gh Lo obcf`gh ls uch pr`obflrhdbôc kl obcf`dbt`s (dâouohs klflcsbvhs klo sbstlgh bcguthrb`) p`r o` mlclrho klctr` kl o`s côkuo`s ` mhcmob`s obcfèd`s, plr` qul h vldls hfldth thgebâc h ôrmhc`s d`g` lo tlabk` ` lo ehz`. Ls uc dècdlr qul sl `rbmbch lc lo tlabk` obcfèd`. Kurhctl oh lcflrglkhk, lo sbstlgh bcgucbthrb` kl oh plrs`ch hfldthkh sl klebobth. Tç1 Tl prlslcthc d`g` mhcmob`s obcfèd`s huglcthk`s qul s`c phopheols duhck` hphrldlc lc z`chs hddlsbeols d`g` lo duloo`, ohs hxbohs ` ohs bcmols. O`s euot`s p`krçhc c` slr k`o`r`s`s y phshr klshplrdbebk`s sb hphrldlc lc z`chs glc`s hddlsbeols d`g` hek`glc, glkbhsc`, ltd. @tr`s sçct`ghs s`c1 lerl suplrb`r h 4> ±D, suk`rhdbôc c`dturch pr`fush nhsth oolmhr h lgphphr oh r`ph y pârkbkh bclxpobdheol kl pls`. Tb sl nh vbst` hfldthkhh oh gâkuoh ôslh, pulkl pr`kudbr hclgbh. hfldthk [1 Ue Hv (H) N`oh gb c`gerl ls U`e. Fub kbhmc`sdhk` d`c obcf`gh f`obduohr c` N`kmjbc nhdl duhtr` hø`s, y gl hdhe` kl lctlrhr klo GGT y ol lst`y khck` uch `p`rtucbkhk. O`s rlsuothk`s hñc c` lstèc, plr` s`y guy p`sbv`: sbc lgehrm` nl tlcbk` uc pr`eolgh drôcbd` lc lo n`ger` / lsphokh lc o`s ñog`s trlbcth hø`s, tlcm` ;2 p`r dblrt`. Kl t`k`s g`k`s nl lsthk` d`c GGT kurhctl uch slghch y lo k`o`r gb èrlh klo n`ger`/lsphokh Tb ls lo lfldt`lc pohdle` c` lst`y slmur`, plr` gb nh Kb`skbsgbcubk` ls eulc` yc`theolglctl. yh c` tlcm` k`o`r. Fulctl1 ggsgbclrhogbrhdol.eo`msp`t.d`g.ls/5988/9</tlsg`cbhos.ntgo [rhthgblct`1 Lo trhthgblct` bckbdhk` slrçh lo pr`t`d`o` D(DKT) ` [ (tlrgbcho) duhck` lstè guy mrhvl, y d`gebchro` d`c J (pblo d`c KGT@) lc oh z`ch hfldthkh y lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) kurhctl lo lgp` cldlshrb` kl rlduplrhdbôc. 49> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Oupus (lrbtlght (lr btlght`s`) `s`) Lo oupus ls uch lcflrglkhk ‟supulsthglctl‗ hut`bcgucl kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho lc oh qul lo sbstlgh bcgucbthrb` sl hfldth y hthdh h ohs dâouohs kl tlabk`s shc`s, pukblck` khøhr phrtls klo dulrp` d`g`1 hrduohdb`cls, pblo, rbø`cls, puog`cls, vhs`s shcmuçcl`s ` dlrler`. Tç1 Tlmñc lo ôrmhc` qul hfldtlc pulklc prlslcthr uch vhrblkhk kl sçct`ghs1 k`o`r l bchghdbôc kl ohs hrduohdb`cls, k`o`r gusduohr, lerl bclxpobdheol, shrpuoobk` lcr`aldbk` (h glcuk` lc oh dhrh), k`o`r kl pldn` ho rlspbrhr pr`fuckhglctl, pârkbkh kl dheloo`, klk`s kl ohs ghc`s ` kl o`s pbls pèobk`s ` g`rhk`s, slcsbebobkhk ho s`o, nbcdnhzôc lc ohs pblrchs ` horlklk`r kl o`s `a`s, ñodlrhs lc oh e`dh, nbcdnhzôc kl ohs moèckuohs, dhcshcdb`. [hgebâc pulkl pr`v`dhr hclgbh, d`cfusbôc y/` d`cvuosb`cls. [1 M V Uçz (Lø) — 89/;/86 Kbhmc`sdhk` y d`ctr`ohk` klskl o`s 85 hø`s d`g` lcflrg` drôcbd` hfldthk` p`r O.L.T. (Oupus Lrbtlght`s` Tbstâgbd`), slmubk` y d`ctr`ohk` klskl lo kbhmcôsd` lc lo lqubp` gâkbd` (slrvbdb`s kl Ulught`o`mçh, Clfr`o`mçh y Nlght`o`mçh) klo N`spbtho \cbvlrsbthrb` 85 kl @dtuerl kl Ghkrbk. H phrr kl 82>>, lo d`ctr`o phsh ho N`spbtho Mlclrho \cbvlrsbthrb` kl Hobdhctl y o`s klphrthglct klphrthglct`s `s d`rrlsp`ckblctls. Tlmñc gbs bcf`rgls nbstôrbd`s, gb lcflrglkhk ls nlrlkhkh kl gb ghkrl y, hphrtl kl gç, oh phkldlc gbs trls nlrghchs. T`o` sl nh oberhk` gb nlrghc`. Lc gb dhs` d`cdrlt`, prlk`gbchc o`s lpbs`kb`s kl hclgbh nlg`oçdh hut`bcgucl, d`c uch bcsudblcdbh ` olsbôc rlcho pr`kudbkh p`r oh lcflrglkh lcflrglkhk. k. Lc prbcdbpb` lo trhthgblct` ful h ehsl kl d`rd`bkls (kurhctl t`k`s o`s hø`s y lc kbflrlctls k`sbdhdb`cls nhsth lo 5996), d`gpolglcthk` d`c kburâd`s (bs`kbur <), d`ctr`ohk`rls kl oh tlcsbôc hrtlrbho (hpr`vlo 8<9), bcguc`suprls`rls (Dloo Dlpt <99), dhodb` d`c vbthgbch K (Bkl`s), pr`tldt`rls mèstrbd`s (`glprhz`o) (`glprhz`o) y hcphoñkbd`s (K`oqubcl 599). Lc o`s ñog`s hø`s d`gblczhc h hphrldlr sçct`ghs kl plquløhs drçsbs lpboâpdhs (huslcdbhs) ho phrldlr pr`kudbkhs p`r o`s hcdulrp`shcf hcdulrp`shcf`sf`oçpb `sf`oçpbk`s k`s qul mlclrh gb lcflrglkhk y qul s`c d`ctrhrrlsthkhs d`c hcd`hmuohdbôc (TBC[U@G) y hclpboâpd` hclpboâpd`ss (Jlpprh 8999). Gl phshc h d`ctr`ohr o`s klphrthglct`s kl d`ctr`o kl d`hmuohdbôc y clur`o`mçh. Hphrâctlglctl lst`y ‟Eblc Ghctlcbk`‗. 492 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh H phrr kl d`gblcz`s klo 598;, lgpblz` h eusdhr homuch s`oudbôc kbscth phrh trhthr gbs ghols sbc thct`s lfldt`s slduckhrb`s y thct` d`ckbdb`chgblct` lc gb vbkh kbhrbh. D`c`zd` lo GGT y su klrbvhdbôc DKT. Eèsbdhglctl1 Kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc kbflrlctls kbflrlc tls k`sbdhdb`cls. [rhs uc`s glsls kl ‟rldhphdbthr‗, y d`bcdbkblck` d`c oh ñogh rlvbsbôc slglstrho kl UL\GH[@O@MBH kl 598; (prbcdbpb` kl Kbdblgerl), kldbk` d`glczhr h rlstrbcmbr ohs k`sbdhdb`cls kl t`kh gb glkbdhdbôc y d`gblcz` gb prbglr dbdo` kl trls slghchs d`c DKT pr`t`d`o` 898) + uch slghch kl klsdhcs` + trls slghchs gès. Yr`sbm` d`c gbshchoçdhs ‟c`rghols‗. Kla` kl d`ctr`ohrgl oh d`hmuohdbôc (d`g` ls `evb`) y kldbk` c` nhdlr gès dbdo`s kl DKT hctl o`s p`sbeols lfldt`s kl ‟lfldt` ‟lfldt` rle`tl‗ qul p`krçhc `dhsb`chr `tr`s dbdo`s d`cslduv`s. Lc Aucb` kl 598< phs` gb rlvbsbôc slglstrho kl rlught`o`mçh sbc glkbdhdbôc d`c kht`s hchoçd`s sbgbohrls h o`s hctlrb`rls. Oh rlvbsbôc kl kbdblgerl kl 598< vulovl h phshr o` gbsg`. Ulsuothk`s kl gbs hchoçdhs sbgbohrls h o`s hø`s hctlrb`rls. Tl kltldth oh fhoth kl us` kl oh thralth shcbthrbh lc oh hkqubsbdbôc kl ohs glkbdhdb`cls prlsdrbths p`r phrtl klo rlughtôo`m`. Lc lst`s g`glct`s oolv` 86 glsls sbc glkbdhdbôc hucqul sbm` homuc`s trhthgblct`s trhthgblc t`s hotlrchv`s qul d`csbklr` nhc sustubk` h o`s fèrghd`s. O` qul gès gl dulsth ls d`ctr`ohr oh tlcsbôc hrtlrbho hucqul oh lst`y ghctlcblck` ehsthctl eblc h ehsl kl t`tlrhpbh y uchs dubkhkhs phuths hobglcdbhs. Fulctl1 l-ghbo lcvbhk` ho hut`r [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` H (hghtlur) kurhctl kurhctl 8 slghch y slmubr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`), d`g` hotlrchvh, kurhctl 4 slghchs y d`gebchro` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) dhkh 4 kçhs. Nhdlr lo pr`t`d`o` K (klrght`oômbd`), lc dhs` kl pr`eolghs kl pblo, y thgebâc lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). Ghohrbh Oh ghohrbh ` phoukbsg`, lcflrglkhk sbcpr`kudbkh s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls uch lcflrglkhk p`r lo phrèsbt` ucbdlouohr Yohsg`kbug, qul sl trhcsgbtl h trhvâs trhvâs kl oh pbdhkurh kl g`squbt`s nlgerh klo mâclr` Hc`pnlols, Lo phtômlc` sl guopobdh lc lo nçmhk` l bcfldth o`s moôeuo`s 489 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; r`a`s kl oh plrs`ch. Tb c` sl trhth, lo phoukbsg` p`cl lc plobmr` oh vbkh klo phdblctl rèpbkhglctl rèpbkhglctl puls hotlrh lo hp`rtl kl shcmrl h o`s ôrmhc`s vbthols. Ls oh prbglrh lcflrglkhk kl bgp`rthcdbh lctrl ohs lcflrglkhkls klebobthctls. klebobthct ls. Lctrl =99.999 y 5,= gboo`cls kl plrs`chs gulrlc ho hø` p`r dhush kl oh ghohrbh, kl o`s duhols gès klo =< % s`c cbø`s lc z`chs lckâgbdhs kl Èfrbdh. Hsbgbsg`, dhush uc`s ;99-299 gboo`cls kl dhs`s kl lerl hmukh ho hø` lc oh p`eohdbôc bcfhco (glc`rls kl dbcd` hø`s) lc kbdnhs z`chs y ls uch kl ohs lcflrglkhkls lcflrglkhk ls gès hcmuhs. Tç1 O`s sçct`ghs s`c1 lerl, lsdho`frç`s, suk`rhdbôc y k`o`r kl dhelzh dhelzh.. Hklgès sl pulklc prlslcthr cèuslhs, vôgbt`s, sçct`ghs mrbphols, t`s, nldls d`c shcmrl, k`o`rls gusduohrls, bdtlrbdbh, klfldt`s kl oh d`hmuohdbôc shcmuçclh, sn`dj, bcsudblcdbh rlcho ` nlpèdh, trhst`rc`s klo sbstlgh clrvb`s` dlctrho y d`gh. [1 K. A E (B) — 4/88/85 T`y gâkbd` y kldbkç br h Mhgebh phrh hyukhr h o`s p`erls d`c lo pr`eolgh kl oh ghohrbh qul lstè ghthck` h 8 cbø` dhkh gbcut`. Nl lcd`ctrhk` uc rlglkb` guy sbgpol qul hyukh y c` ls chkh gès qul uch sho d`c aum` kl obgôc. Oh sho lcl uc rhkbdho kl `xçmlc` lxtrh y sl oohgh ChDo@5. Fub shcdb`chk` p`r lo m`eblrc` kl Mhgebh duhck` lstheh hyukhck` h o`s p`erls p`rqul sheçhc qul fucdb`cheh. [rhehaâ d`c uc gâkbd` brohckâs qul trhth oh d ulsth dulsth lo lqubvholctl lqubvholc kl 8looberh p`r trhthgbl trhthgblct`. ct`. Âohoo`s lcvçh h dhsh sbcghohrbh, lerl hols phshr oh c`dnl. Hrghtlqul trhthgblct` trhthgblc t` ls ldhz 899%. [rhcsdrbpdbôc klo vbkl`1 Johhs Yr`lsghcs (Kbrldt`r (Kb rldt`r ]htlr Ulflrlcdl Ulflrlcdl Dlctlr, Druz U`ah bctlrchdb`cho). bctlrchdb`c ho). ‟C`s oolmhr`c uc cñglr` kl culvhs tldc`o`mçhs guy bctlrlshc bctlrlshctls, tls, sblgprl klctr` klo dhgp` klo hmuh, shouk, lclrmçh, c`s nlg`s druzhk` d`c uc sbstlgh kl purbdhdbôc kl hmuh qul lxbstl yh p`r gès kl 899 hø`s ehshk` lc lo do`rbt` kl s`kb` (GGT). Ohs prbglrhs rlflrlcdbhs klo us` klo doôrbt` kl s`kb` ful lc Fohckls qubzès hehø` 59 jg kl gbhctls dbukhk lc @stlck, k`ckl nhy uc`s ehø`s tlrghols. Lc lstl tlrgho klchtho oh Yrbglrh Mulrrh Guckbho (828;-828>) fulr`c dhphdls kl hyukhr mlctl d`c pr`eolghs kl pblo y lc bcflddb`cls glc`rls sblgprl d`c oh hyukh klo do`rbt` kl s`kb`. Tl nh kbdn` y lsdrbt` qul ushck` do`rbt` kl s`kb` sl 488 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh obgpbh lo dulrp` klo phrèsbt` kl oh ghohrbh lctrl uch h duhtr` n`rhs. Lst` phrldl klghsbhk` e`cbt` phrh slr dblrt`, d blrt`, sbc lgehrm` vhg`s h bcvlsmhro`. H trhvâs kl culstrh rlk (yh qul s`g`s uch obho kl oh Druz U`ah Bctlrchdb`cho), d`cthdthg`s d`c cñglr`s kl s`dblkhkls chdb`chols k`ckl nhy prlslcdbh kl ghohrbh. \ch kl loohs lrh \mhckh. Nlg`s d`cthdthk` d`c lo sldrlthrb` mlclrho kl oh s`dblkhk chdb`cho ol nlg`s lxpobdhk` duhols nhc sbk` ohs bctlcdb`cls y nlg`s vlcbk` hquç phrh hvlrbmuhr lc klthool d`g` nhdlr lcshy`s doçcbd`s kl dhgp` y kl quâ ghclrh kleçhg`s pr`dlklr. Nlg`s vbsbthk` oh hmlcdbh chdb`cho kl glkbdhglct`s, lo gbcbstr` kl shouk, y t`kh oh mlctl qul lstè bcv`oudrhkh lc oh shouk pñeobdh y oh purbdhdbôc kl hmuh. Nlg`s p`kbk` bklcdhr uc puleo`, kl nldn` ls oh s`dblkhk chdb`cho qul nh bklcdhk` lo puleo`, c` tlclg`s chkh qul vlr d`c lo y loo`s lobmblr`c \mhckh. Ful lolmbk` p`r oh T`dblkhk Druz U`ah p`r k`s rhz`cls1 uc` p`rqul ohs hut`rbkhkls chdb`chols uobzhc lo do`rbt` kl s`kb` phrh p`thebobzhr lo hmuh, qul ls lxhdthglctl o` gbsg` qul uobzhrh lo ]UD, oh slmuckh rhzôc ls p`rqul nhy pr`mrhghs d`csthctls kl p`thebobzhdbôc klo hmuh lc lstl èrlh qul ls guy d`cvlcblctl phrh ]UD, p`rqul hdtuhoglctl o` qul qulrlg`s d`cslmubr lstl gls kl kbdblgerl ls hvlrbmuhr lo lfldt` qul lcl lo do`rbt` kl s`kb` lc lo dulrp` nughc` klspuâs kl nhelr `frldbk` uc vhs` d`c hmuh. Nlg`s lgplzhck` g`vbobzhck` oh p`eohdbôc uobzhck` oh d``plrhdbôc kl oh s`dblkhk chdb`cho, gudn`s v`oucthrb`s fulr`c d`c sus ebdbdolths, g`t`s ` d`dnls, duhoqublr glkb` p`sbeol, t`k`s lsthehc lc oh dhool. Lo prbglr kçh kl oh `plrhdbôc nlg`s tlcbk` 865 phdblctls kl t`k`s o`s puleo`s kl horlklk`r y s`o` nlg`s p`kbk` bklcdhr dbcd` plrs`chs d`c ghohrbh. Nhdlg`s uc plqulø` tlst kl shcmrl d`c uc plqulø` pbcdnhz`, sl p`cl lcdbgh uch rh kl uc tlst rèpbk` kl ghohrbh. O`s qul s`c p`sbv`s o`s ghckhg`s ho ohe`rht`rb` phrh nhdlr uc hcèobsbs h f`ck` d`c lo gbdr`sd`pb`. H hquloo`s ols `frldlg`s uc vhs` klo hmuh purbdhk` kl oh gbsgh ghclrh d`g` o` nhdlc ohs hut`rbkhkls chdb`chols y ols plkbg`s qul vulovhc lo kçh sbmublctl phrh nhdlr uc `tr` dnlqul`. Lo kçh sbmublctl kl pr`ct` p`r oh ghøhch nheçhc oolmhk` ho n`spbtho yh 599 phdblctls culv`s auct` d`c o`s dbcd` klo kçh hctlrb`r. Kl o`s < klo kçh hctlrb`r, ; fulr`c bklcdhk`s clmhv`s kl ghohrbh, uc` t`khvçh tlcbh lo phrèsbt` kl oh ghohrbh y lstl sualt`, sl oohgheh Bshhd, lstheh lc thc ghohs d`ckbdb`cls qul y` kldbkç khrol s`o` oh gbthk kl oh k`sbs. y lct`cdls ol kbg`s uch k`sbs d`gpolth, lo kçh sbmublctl duhck` v`ovbô lo 8= kl kbdblgerl thgebâc Bshhd lstheh oberl kl ghohrbh. Dhkh kçh tlcçhg`s lctrl 8<9 y 599 plrs`chs kçh trhs kçh, lc t`tho nlg`s bklcdhk` 8<; phdblctls p`sbv`s kl ghohrbh lc d`cauct` d`c ohs hut`rbkhkls 485 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; o`dhols kl shouk y o`s k`dt`rls, t`k`s loo`s fulr`c trhthk`s, t`k`s loo`s lsthehc lctrl 5; y ;> n`rhs clmhv`s kl ghohrbh, ¡sbc cbcmñc lfldt` slduckhrb`! Nlg`s dlrrhk` oh `plrhdbôc ehsthctl eblc y phrh rlp`rthr ho sldrlthrb` mlclrho hquç lc oh s`dblkhk kl oh druz r`ah lc \mhckh y rlp`rthr thgebâc ho ]UD s`erl lo rlsuothk` kl lsth pruleh doçcbdh bc sbtu. V`ovlg`s lc lclr` phrh p`klr hslmurhr oh d`ccubkhk. Hn`rh lc t`tho nhy uc 899% kl ohs plrs`chs durhkhs lc dbcd` kçhs t`k` lctrl 5; y ;> n`rhs, lst` pbkl qul nhyh ghs bcvlsmhdbôc. Fulctl1 nps1//y`utu.el/f9u>qdnMXdw [rhthgblct`1 H) Ghohrbh pr`t`d`o` rèpbk` Tb lo phdblctl c` lstèslphrhkhs guy gho1p`r 4 n`rhs. [`ghr 5 k`sbshkuot` kl 8< m`ths, Lst` klelrçh slr sudblctl. Tb c`, ho `tr` kçh t`ghr 8 k`sbs gès kl 8< m`ths. E) Ghohrbh pr`t`d`o` suhvl Tb lo phdblctl hkuot` lstè guy klebobthk`1 • > m`ths kl DK lc oh 8ª t`gh • < m`ths kl DK lc oh 5ª n`rh (klskl oh 8ª t`gh) • < m`ths kl DK lc oh ;ª n`rh (klskl oh 8ªt`gh) • 6 m`ths kl DK lc oh 6ª n`rh (klskl oh 8ªt`gh) • > m`ths kl DK lc oh >ª n`rh (klskl oh 8ªt`gh) • > m`ths kl DK … Ho k`rgbr [`tho klo kçh1 ;9 m`ths Oh ghohrbh klel klshphrldlr. Lc dhs`s lxdlpdb`chols, lxdlpdb`chols, t`ghr 8 t`gh gès kl 89 m`ths. Yhrh eleâs1 ; t`ghs kbhrbhs kl 8 m`th dhkh 4 n`rhs. Huglcthr h 5 m`ths sb ls cldlshrb`. Yhrh cbø`s1 < t`ghs kbhrbhs kl 8 m`th dhkh 5 n`rhs. Y`r dhkh 88 jm kl pls`. Hkgbcbstrhr Hkgbcbstr hr p`r 5 kçhs. (Uld`mbk` (Uld`mb k` klo bcf`rgl kl Hofrlk`) 484 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh C 1 Lxbstl uch `pbcbôc qul lo DKT c` fucdb`ch phrh ghohrbh, d`sh qul c` ls dblrth. Kl nldn` Gutur`u Bsnbb (Ahp`c) nh p`kbk` d`gpr`ehr lc Hfrbdh qul uc pr`t`d`o` kl 59 DKT 499 go kl hmuh dhkh n`rh kurhctl 4 (4 1 8 ) . . Tl pulkl rlplr ho kçh sbmublctl. Oh vlcthah klo DKT ls qul sl pulklc t`ghr k`sbs ghs hoths sbc lfldt`s slduckhrb`s cb kbhrrlh. Oh klsvlcthah ls qul ls slcsbeol ho s`o y ho dho`r uch vlz heblrth oh e`tlooh. Glcbcmbtbs Oh glcbcmbs pulkl slr vbrho ` ehdtlrbhch. Glcbcmbs vbrho1 uch bcflddbôc klo sbstlgh clrvb`s` dlctrho, dhrhdtlrbzhkh p`r oh bchghdbôc kl ohs glgerhchs qul duerlc lo dlrler` y oh gâkuoh lspbcho. Lo >9% kl ohs glcbcmbs lstèc dhushkhs p`r vbrus, lctrl lo 8< y lo 59% p`r ehdtlrbhs, lo rlst` lstè `rbmbchkh p`r bct`xbdhdb`cls, n`cm`s, glkbdhglct`s y `trhs lcflrglkhkls. Oh glcbcmbs ls p`d` frldulctl plr` p`tlcdbhoglctl oltho. Tb sl d`gpobdh, pulkl hfldthr ho dlrler` `dhsb`chck` bcd`csdblcdbh, olsbôc dlrlerho y kl `tr`s ôrmhc`s. Yr`mrlsh d`c gudnh rhpbklz, p`r o` qul lo kbhmcôsd` y trhthgblct` prld`z ls bgp`rthctl phrh prlvlcbr sldulohs slvlrhs y oh gulrtl. Ls uch lcflrglkhk sbc trhthgblct` p`r phrtl kl oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho. Glcbcmbs ehdtlrbhch1 oh glcbcmbs ehdtlrbhch ls uch lglrmlcdbh y sl rlqublrl trhthgblct` urmlctl lc lo n`spbtho. O`s sçct`ghs s`c, p`r o` mlclrho, lerl y lsdho`frç`s, dhgeb`s lc lo lsthk` glctho, glctho, cèuslhs y vôgbt`s, slcsbebobkhk hf`cthclohs oh ouz, k`o`r kl dhelzh bctlcs` y duloo` rçmbk`.rèpbkh Yulklc s`erlvlcbr lc hmbthdbôc, heuothkhs lc o`s eleâs, rlspbrhdbôc l brrbthebobkhk cbø`s y p`sturh bcusuho d`c oh dhelzh y lo duloo` hrqulhk`s nhdbh htrès. Oh glcbcmbs vbrho prlslcth uch doçcbdh gès olvl qul oh ehdtlrbhch, dursh c`rghoglctl d`c k`o`r kl dhelzh, plr` s`c pr`dls`s elcbmc`s sbc d`gpobdhdb`cls y lo trhthgblct` sl obgbth h hobvbhr o`s sçct`ghs klo phdblctl. Tbc lgehrm` oh glcbcmbs dhushkh p`r lo vbrus klo nlrpls sbgpol klel rldbebr uch htlcdbôc lspldbho, pulst` qul sb sl d`gpobdh d`c lcdlfhobs, pulkl pr`v`dhr hotlrhdb`cls clur`oômbdhs bgp`rthctls l brrlvlrsbeols. [1 H U (LL. \\.) — 2/6/85 2/6/85 N`oh Tr. Nugeol, Lgpldâ d`c GGT nhdl < kçhs. Nheçh d`ctrhçk` glcbcmbs vbrho, qul c` sl pulkl trhthr p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho. 48; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [uvl uc p`d` kl cèuslh lo prbglr kçh y d`c uc t`qul kl kbhrrlh. Y`r lo tlrdlr kçh t`k`s gbs sçct`ghs nheçhc klshphrldbk` y c` nhc rlmrlshk`. C` phrldl nhelr uc lfldt` slduckhrb` hkbdb`cho. Nl sufrbk` d`c ps`rbhsbs lc ohs r`kboohs y o`s d`k`s kurhctl trlbcth hø`s. [`khvçh nhy hom` kl lcr`aldbgblct`, plr` t`khs ohs lsdhrhs sl nhc bk`. Mrhdbhs. Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/vbrho-bcfld`c0sthrt789 [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lsth lcflrglkhk slrçh lo pr`t`d`o` \ (urmlcdbh) slmubk` p`r lo pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`) ` D (DKT) d`g` hotlrchvh lc d`cauct` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) lc oh z`ch kl oh cudh. Lc dhs` guy mrhvl sl pulkl d`csbklrhr lo pr`t`d`o` R (bcylddbôc bctrhvlc`sh) bctrhv lc`sh) rlhobzhk` p`r uc pr`flsb`cho kl glkbdbch. Glthols Glt hols plshk`s Ohs fulctls prbcdbphols kl glthols plshk`s ohs lcd`ctrhg`s prbcdbphoglctl prbcdbphoglctl lc o`s lgphstls klcthols hcmu`s kl hghomhgh, o`s bcslddbkhs (qul d`clclc c`rghoglctl uc` ` k`s glthols plshk`s, uobzhk`s lc o`s dhgp`s kl duov`), lc o`s pr`kudt`s hc g`n` qul d`clclc glr`sho, glkbdhglct`s (lspldbhoglctl o`s qul rlmuohc oh hoth prlsbôc shcmuçclh y s`erl t`k` lc ohs vhduch d`g` oh trbpol vçrbdh, p`obvholctl y tâthc`s, y lo hbrl d`cthgbchk` p`r oh bckustrbh. [hgebâc ls p`sbeol oh d`cthgbchdbôc klo eleâ h trhvâs kl oh oldnl ghtlrch. Glkbhctl lstl pr`dls` oh ghkrl pulkl trhsphshr uc hot` p`rdlcthal kl su dhrmh ho cbø`. Lo glrdurb` ls uc` kl o`s glthols qul dhush ghy`rls pr`eolghs kl bct`xbdhdbôc bct`xb dhdbôc klebk` h sus dhrhdtlrçsdh dhrhdtlrçsdhs. s. Ohs prbcdbphols vçhs kl hes`rdbôc kl o`s d`gpulst`s glrdurbhols s`c oh rlspbrht`rbh, kbmlsvh, dutèclh y trhcspohdlct trhcspohdlcthrbh. hrbh. O`s vhp`rls kl glrdurb` htrhvblshc fèdboglctl ohs glgerhchs dlouohrls, hodhczhck` d`c rhpbklz lo t`rrlctl dbrduoht`rb` y lo sbstlgh clrvb`s` k`ckl htrhl lc lo M[Y (Muhc`sçc trbf`sfht`) kl o`s hx`cls klaèck`ohs klsgblobcbzhkhs (d`g` uc dheol plohk` klo hbsohgblct`). Durb`shglctl ho d`ctrhrb` qul gudnh mlctl pblcsh lo glrdurb` gltèobd` prèddhglctl c` sl hes`rel p`r vçh kbmlsvh gblctrhs qul `tr`s d`gpulst`s glrdurbhols sç sl hes`relc p`r vçh `rho. Lo pr`eolgh prbcdbpho s`c o`s d`gpulst`s glrdurbhols qul htrhvblshc oh ehrrlrh pohdlcthrbh, lcd`ctrèck`sl d`cdlctrhdb`cls sbgbohrls kl glrdurb` lc shcmrl ghtlrch y lc lo d`rkôc 48< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh ugebobdho. Ho gbsg` lgp` sl nhc klsdrbt` dhs`s kl hes`rdbôc kl glrdurb` p`r vçh phrlctlrho, bcdous` d`c rlflrlcdbhs kl dhs`s g`rthols, klebk` h uc lge`obsg` puog`chr. Yrbcdbphoglctl sl hoghdlch lc lo nçmhk`, o`s rbø`cls y ohs lstrudturhs clrvb`shs klebk` h qul ls uc p`tlctl dhôc. Tl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr qul bcdous` lc dhckhkls gçcbghs d`g` lo 9,99999998%, hfldth ho sbstlgh clrvb`s` y lo dlrler`. d lrler`. Hphrtl hfldth hfldth h ohs hrduohdb`cls, h o`s nuls`s, h oh shcmrl y lspldbhoglctl ho trhdt` bctlscho. Tçct`ghs1 (f q v) Mhstr`lctlrbs hmukh, lst`ghs (hfldthdbôc Mhstr`lctlrbs (hfldthdbôc kl gud`shs eudhols, lcdçhs), d`obs ñodlr`-nlg`rrèmbdh (bctlsc` (bctlsc` mruls`), hcurbh p`r klpôsbt` kl susthcdbhs lc o`s tñguo`s rlchols, sl thp`ch lo rbøôc y c` otrh. Tçckr`gl clur`oômbd` y lcdlfhoçd`11 hthxbh (bclsthebobkhk ho hckhr), phrlsbhs (hk`rgldbgblct` kl ghc`s), lcdlfhoçd` hotlrhdb`cls psçqubdhs (duhkr`s hcsb`s`s, bclsthebobkhk, hmrlsbvbkhk ghy`r kl nhebtuho, nhsth duhkr`s klglcdbhols). Hotlrhdb`cls `duohrls (lstrldnhgblct` klo dhgp` vbsuho, rlla` kl Htjbcs`c, d`o`rhdbôc phrkh klo drbsthobc`). Hotlrhdb`cls gud`shs, kbmlsvhs y rlchols, lc dhs`s guy mrhv mrhvls ls lcdlfho`phh nhsth gulrtl. Tçct`ghs clur`oômbd`s lc ghy`r glkbkh. [lgeo`rls. Hotlrhdb`cls clur`oômbdhs y psçqubdhs, husg`, ltd. C 1 Yrèddhglctl t`k`s o`s glthols s`c slcsbeols h oh `xbkhdbôc. Lc culstr` dulrp` hoghdlchg`sgudn`s kl loo`s lc lsthk` pur` nhdbâck`o`s dhsb bgp`sbeols kl lobgbchr. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lcl dhphdbkhk kl `xbkhr o`s glthols. \ch vlz d`cvlrk`s o`s glthols lc ôxbk`s lo dulrp` pulkl lobgbchro`s. Tlmñc lo p` kl bct`xbdhdbôc ` lo p` kl gltho lo lgp` kl trhthgblct` d`c GGT vhrbhrè. Homuc`s sl `xbkhc kl f`rgh rèpbkh, plr` `tr`s d`g` lo glrdurb`, rlqublrlc c`rghoglctl kl uch hkgbcbstrhdbôc pr`o`cmhkh lc lo lgp` ghctlcblck` k`s k`sbs kbhrbhs kurhctl 5 ô 4 glsls (sb fulrh cldlshrb`) klspuâs kl rlhobzhr lo trhthgblct` bckbdhk`. [1 Aâ E (LL. \\.) — 52/6/85 Lo phdblctl sl qulaheh kl pr`eolghs slvlr`s kl d`cdlctrhdbôc, y fhoth kl slcsbebobkhk lc o`s gblger`s. O`s çckbdls bcbdbhols lc oh hchoçdh rlhobzhkh rlhobzhkh h su dheloo` lc lo hø` 599; fulr`c kl 9,4; gdm/o (gbdr`mrhg`/obtr`), sblck` o`s vho`rls gèxbg`s kl 8< gdm/o lc plrs`chs lxpulsths h uc glkb` tôxbd`. [rls hø`s klspuâs, lc kbdblgerl klo 599= o`s çckbdls c` nheçhc kbsgbcubk` lc hes`out`. Lc oh tlrdlrh hchoçdh, d`c fldnh kl ghy` klo 5992 y trhs 486 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; hpr`xbghkhglctl k`s glsls kl trhthgblct` d`c GGT sl nheçhc rlkudbk` h 9,9= gdm/o. Ho kçh kl n`y lstèc lc 9,94 gdm/o. Fulctl1 dhrth d`c hchoçdhs (Fbm. ;5) lcvbhkh ho hut`r Fbm. ;51 Hchoçdhs H choçdhs rlohvhs h o`s d`cstuylctls gbclrhols y kl glthols tôxbd`s lc uc dheloo` nughc`. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh) bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh kurhctl 4 glsls lc dhs`s slvlr`s. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`) y L (lclgh). 48= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Gbmrhøh (d`csuothr hphrthk` ‟K`o`r kl Dhelzh‗) Oh gbmrhøh ls uc k`o`r fulrtl kl dhelzh qul hfldth, mlclrhoglctl, h uc ohk` ` uch phrtl kl looh y h glcuk` vh hd`gphøhk` kl cèuslhs y vôgbt`s. [1 G M (Yñ) — 5>/;/8; Tufrçh klskl o`s 8; hø`s kl gbmrhøhs, tlcblck` qul lsthr t`ghck` phsoohs kl p`r vbkh. Lc kbdblgerl klo 5988 gl kblr`c lo GGT y lc uch slghch tuvl dhgeb`s guy rèpbk`s. Ohs gbmrhøhs qul tlcçh dhkh 5 kçhs klshphrldblr`c klshphrldblr`c.. Fulctl1 nps1//y`utu.el/QlYuC5k@[ nps1//y`utu.el/QlYuC5k@[q\/ q\/ C 1 Lc gbmrhøhs drôcbdhs hd`gphøhkhs p`r holrmbhs d`g` oh kl o`s èdhr`s, nhy uch guy hoth pr`ehebobkhk kl phrhsbt`sbs, yh slh p`r `xbur`s, t`x`dhrh u `tr`s. [rhthgblct`1 Lc dhs` mrhvl y rldurrlctl sl rld`gblckh nhdlr lo pr`t`d`o` Y (phrèsbt`s). Ho prbcdbpb` pulklc hphrldlr gès dlfholhs y gbmrhøhs qul oulm` sl vhc. Lst` pulkl slr dhushk` p`r o`s t`xbchs kl o`s phrèsbt`s gulrt`s lc oh shcmrl y ls uc lfldt` tlgp`rho kl drbsbs durhvh. G`c`cudol`sbs (d`csuothr hphrthk` ‟Vbrus Lpstlbc-Ehrr Lpstlbc-Ehrr‗) ‗) Oh g`c`cudol`sbs ls uch lcflrglkhk bcflddb`sh (thgebâc d`c`dbkh d`g` lerl kurh, lerl mohckuohr, lcflrglkhk kl Yflblr ` vuomhrglctl d`g` lcflrglkhk klo els`), dhushkh p`r lo vbrus kl Lpstlbc-Ehrr (VLE) qul plrtlcldl h oh gbsgh fhgbobh klo vbrus klo nlrpls. D`c gudnh glc`s frldulcdbh pulkl slr pr`kudbkh p`r lo Dbt`glmho`vbrus y lc uc 8% kl o`s dhs`s p`r [`x`pohsgh m`ckbb. Tç1 O`s sçct`ghs qul oh dhrhdtlrbz dhrhdtlrbzhc hc s`c1 lerl, fhrbcmbs ` k`o`r kl mhrmhcth l bchghdbôc kl o`s mhcmob`s obcfèd`s, obcfèd`s, d`c ghy`r frldulcdbh lc lo duloo`. 48> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [1 Vlr lo tlsg`cb` klo hphrthk` ‟Vbrus Lpstlbc-Ehrr‗. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh kurhctl 4 slghchs. Tl rld`gblckh hpobdhr o`s 5 pr`mrhghs lspldçd`s vçrbd`s klo Qhpplr (Lpstlbc-Ehrr y Dbt`glmho`vbrus) qul nhc rlsuothk` slr guy ldhdls. ‟Mo`glruo`clfrbs rbs p`slstrlpt` p`slstrlpt`dôdbdh‗) dôdbdh‗) Clfrbtbs (d`csuothr hphrthk` ‟Mo`glruo`clf Oh clfrbs ls uch bchghdbôc kl o`s tlabk`s klo rbøôc, qul pulkl bcv`oudrhr h o`s mo`gâruo`s, h o`s tñeuo`s, ` ho tlabk` bctlrsdbho bctlrsdbho qul o`s r`klh. Ls frldulc frldulc-tlglctl dhushkh p`r bcflddb`cls, d`g` oh kl Y`ooy, p`r t`xbchs, ` d`csbklrhkh uch lcflrglkhk hut`bcgucl p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ho c` lcd`ctrhr uch dhush. Tç1 Tl `eslrvh shcmrl lc oh `rbch (nlghturbh), pr`tlçchs pr`tlçchs lc oh `rbch (pr`tlbcu (pr`tlbcurbh), rbh), bcsudblcdbh rlcho, lxdrldbôc kl mrhckls dhckhkls kl `rbch (p`oburbh), cèuslhs y vôgbt`s, `rbch turebh, lerl, lrupdbôc dutèclh, pbd`r, fhmh, pr`eolghs rlspbrht`rb`s, rlspbrht `rb`s, kbsgbcudbôc klo hplt`, k`o`r ho `rbchr y prlsbôc hrtlrbho hoth. Hkbdb`choglctl, oh plrs`ch rllcl hmuh, yh qul o`s rbø`cls c` pulklc fucdb`chr d`rrldthglctl phrh lxpuoshr oh `rbch. Lst` pulkl dhushr nbcdnhzôc kl pbls, t`eboo`s, pblrchs y ghc`s. [1 H Qj (LL. (LL. \\.) — </8/8< [lcçh clfrbs y gbs pbls sl nbcdnhr`c kurhctl gès kl 5 hø`s. Nbdl pr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 Yr`t`d`o` E) y lc 89 kçhs oh nbcdnhzôc rltr`dlkbô y hn`rh gbs k`s pbls pbls vulovlc h oh c`rghobkhk. Mrhdbhs Abg. Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/jbkcly-pr`eolg 482 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh @ 1 O Kv (H) — 5=/=/84 [uvl uch bcflddbôc kl rbøôc lo hø` phshk`, p`r o` qul rld`c`dbô lo sçct`gh kl 5 puct`s kl k`o`r kl lsphokh, uc` obmlrhglctl gès hot` qul lo `tr`. Lrh uc k`gbcm` y c` pukl lcd`ctrhr h uc gâkbd`, p`r o` qul plcsâ lc d`glczhr d`c GGT nhsth br ho gâkbd` lo oucls. [`gâ 4 m`ths kl hpr`xbghkhglctl < vldls lo k`gbcm`. Lo k`o`r sl nheçh bk` duhck` gl klsplrtâ lo oucls. Klaâ kl t`ghr GGT y lo k`o`r v`ovbô kl culv`, hsç qul ols rlt`gâ h 4 m`ths, 4 vldls ho kçh nhsth lo gbârd`ols, duhck` gl kb dulcth lstheh durhk`. Tblgprl nlg`s lsthk` lxpulst`s h o`s mârglcls y duhck` tlcm` hom` kl t`s t`g` GGT. C` nl vulot` h lsthr lcflrg` p`r gès kl < hø`s. Oolv` sblgprl uch plquløh e`tlooh d`cgbm`. [hgebâc o` nl uobzhk` phrh klsnhdlrgl kl o`s phrèsbt`s rld`mbk`s lc Dnbch, duhck` lo gâkbd` c` puk` lrrhkbdhro`s. ]`cklrfuo !!! Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/jbkcly-pr`eolg [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` lo pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`) y d`gebchro` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) lc oh z`ch hfldthkh kurhctl lo lgp` cldlshrb`. Clug`cçh Oh clug`cçh ls oh bcflddbôc kl o`s puog`cls, dhushkh p`r ehdtlrbhs, n`cm`s, ` vbrus. Oh clug`cçh gès d`gñc ls oh pr`kudbkh p`r uch ehdtlrbh oohghkh clug`d`d` (Ttrlpt`d`ddus pclug`cbhl). Tç1 Mlclrhoglctl, ls prldlkbkh p`r uch lcflrglkh Mlclrhoglctl, lcflrglkhk k d`g` oh mrbpl ` lo dhthrr` d`gñc. Oh clug`cçh pbdh d`gblczh d`c uch t`s kl lctrl vhrbhs n`rhs h 4 kçhs, d`c lxpldt`rhdbôc puruolcth ` nlrruger`sh, lc `dhsb`cls d`c shcmrl, k`o`r t`rèdbd` y lerl d`chpbdhs lsdho`frç`s. Ohs clug`cçhs lclc sçct`ghs gès mrhkuhols qul d`csbstlc lc kâdbghs kl lerl, gholsthr mlclrho, k`o`rls gusduohrls y hrduohrls, dhcshcdb` y k`o`r kl dhelzh, t`s sldh sbc lxpldt`r lxpldt`rhdbôc hdbôc y k`o`r t`rèdbd` glc`s bctlcs`. 459 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [1 Hô — </;/84 Lo phshk` bcvblrc` gl kbhmc`sdhr`c er`cqubs y prbcdbpb` kl clug`cçh, c` ls oh prbglrh vlz qul gl `durrl, gl rldlthr`c d`g` lc `trhs `dhsb`cls hcebôd` y d`rs`ch (o` pbd`), hge`s glkbdhglct`s gl pr`v`dhc slck`s lfldt`s slduckhrb`s, plr` lc lsth `dhsbôc, yh d`c`dçh lo GGT, gl o` t`gâ slmñc lo pr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 Yr`t`d`o` E), y lc uch slghch nheçh d`cslmubk` uch gla`rçh bcdrlçeol, hom` qul d`c pr`kudt`s fhrghdâud`s c` d`cslmuçh nhsth phshk` uc gls, y høhkblck` k`s glsls gès phrh klpurhr t`khs ohs t`xbchs pr`kudbkhs p`r o`s fèrghd`s. Z…W Fulctl1 np1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/5984/9;/9</er`cqubs-y-clug`cbh-tlsg`cb`-ggs/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` lo pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`) y d`gebchro` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) lc oh z`ch hfldthkh kurhctl lo lgp` cldlshrb`. Kl c`dnl, sl pulkl høhkbr lo pr`t`d`o` N (nhebthdbôc) phrh hdlolrhr lo pr`dls`. @stl`gblobtbs (d`csuothr hphrthk` ‟Tthpnyo`d`ddus‗) Oh `stl`gblobs ls uch bcflddbôc sñebth ` kl ohrmh khth (hcmuh) klo nuls` ` gâkuoh ôslh, c`rghoglctl dhushkh p`r uch ehdtlrbh pbômlch ` gbd`ehdtlrbho y n`cm`s u `tr`s gbdr``rmhcbsg`s qul sl pr`phmhc klskl oh pblo, gñsduo`s ` tlck`cls bcfldthk`s prôxbg`s h uc nuls`. Ylr` thgebâc oh bcflddbôc pulkl lgplzhr lc `trh phrtl y pr`phmhrsl p`r shcmrl nhsth lo nuls` ` bcbdbhrsl klspuâs kl uch dbrumçh kl nuls`. O`s fhdt`rls kl rblsm` s`c trhugh rldblctl, kbheltls, nlg`kbèobsbs y kr`mhkbddbôc bctrhvlc`sh. bctrhvlc`sh. Tç1 K`o`r ôsl`, suk`rhdbôc lxdlsbvh, lerl y lsdho`frç`s, g`olsh mlclrho, bcqubltuk, slcshdbôc kl gholsthr, nbcdnhzôc kl t`eboo`s, pbls y pblrchs y k`o`r lc lo sb` kl oh bcflddbôc. [1 Vlr lo tlsg`cb` klo hphrthk` ‟Tthpnyod`ddus‗. 458 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` lo pr`t`d`o` E(eèsbd`) y d`gebchro` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` K(klrght`oômbd`) K(klrght`oômbd`) lc oh z`ch hfldthkh kurhctl lo lgp` cldlshrb`. @stl`p`r`sbs Oh `stl`p`r`sbs lcflrglkhk lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho d`cvlcdb`c ho ls uch pht`o`mçh pr`v`dhkh pr`v`dhkh p`r oh kbsgbcudbôc klo tlabk` ôsl` qul o` f`rgh, thct` kl ohs pr`tlçchs qul d`cstuylc su ghtrbz ` lstrudturh, d`g` kl ohs shols gbclrhols kl dhodb` qul d`clcl. C 1 Lo vlrkhklr` `rbmlc kl oh `stl`p`r`sbs ls klebk` h oh d`gplcshdbôc kl oh hdbklz gltheôobdh bctlrsdbho k`ckl lo dhodb` ls uobzhk` phrh d`gplcshr lo pN èdbk` pr`kudblck` `xhoht`s d`g` d`csldulcdbh. Yhrh rlhobzhr lsth d`gplcshdbôc, uobzh t`k` lo dhodb` qul pulkl y sb c` o` pulkl nhdlr klskl lo dhodb` bcmlrbk`, o` nhrè ushck` lo dhodb` kl o`s nuls`s d`g` hotlrchvh phrh d`cslmubr uc lquboberb` kl hdbklz lc oh shcmrl s hcmrl y o`s tlabk`s. Ls lslcdbho dhgebhr oh kblth y lvbthr slklcthrbsg` phrh hodhobcbzhr lo dulrp` ho gèxbg`. Tç1 Kurhctl hø`s sl nh d`c`dbk` d`g` oh lpbklgbh sbolcdb`sh, klebk` h qul c` pr`kudl sçct`ghs, lc lst`s dhs`s sl pblrkl oh `p`rtucbkhk kl frlchr oh pârkbkh kl ghsh ôslh y rlkudbr lo rblsm` kl culvhs frhdturhs. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` lo pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`) kurhctl lo lgp` kl 4 glsls. Tb ls p`sbeol, sl bcmblrl lctrl 8<9 go y 5<9 go kl hmuh kl ghr ho kçh phrh oh rlgbclrhobzhdbôc. Nhy qul hkhpthr oh kblth y s`erl t`k` lvbthr oh hdbkbdhdbôc klo dulrp` h trhvâs klkl oh bcmlsôc dhre`nbkrht `s y hzñdhrls. Høhkbr uch ` k`s dudnhrbths kl lrrh kbht`glhsdhre`nbkrht`s h oh kblth kbhrbh. 455 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; @tbtbs Oh `s ls… uch bcflddbôc kl `çk`s pbdh, uch bchghdbôc klo `çk` glkb` (kltrès klo gphc`) qul sl oolch kl uçk`, klebk` h oh prlslcdbh kl ehdtlrbhs ` vbrus qul lctrhc lc lo dulrp` h trhvâs kl oh chrbz y oh e`dh. Tç1 O`s eleâs y cbø`s plqulø`s sl rhc kl oh `rlah ` sl oh rhsdhc, hphrldlc pr`eolghs kl hukbdbôc, lerl, krlchal klo `çk`, brrbthebobkhk y guy frldulctlglctl vôgbt`s. C 1 Yhrh trhthr trhthr oh bcflddbôc klo `çk` lxtlrc` nhy trls f`rghs kl hpobdhdbôc1 8. H trhvâs kl mhs, 5. H trhvâs trhvâs kl DKT, 4. H trhvâs trhvâs kl m`ths m`ths hdvhkhs hdvhkhs kl DK (GGT). 8. Y M (/v)1 Tl hdvh kl 6 h > m`ths lc uc vhs` kl elelr, sbc høhkbr hmuh. Tl p`cl kl ghclrh bcglkbhth oh z`ch hfldthkh s`erl oh hplrturh hplrt urh klo vhs`, kl ghclrh qul c` shomh lo mhs fulrh kl âstl y sbc qul lo oçqubk` t`qul oh pblo lc cbcmñc g`glct`. Lo trhthgblct` sulol kurhr lctrl 8 y 4 gbcut`s y c` klel phshr kl o`s < gbcut`s phrh c` dhushr brrbthdbôc. Tl pulkl rlplr ohs vldls qul slhc cldlshrbhs, phshk` uc bctlrvho` uch n`rhklsbcfldth lctrl dhkh Lo gbsg` mhs qulkllvhp`rh, sbchpobdhdbôc. cldlsbkhk kl g`ahr. Lstl trhthgblct` ls guy ño lc trhthgblct`s kl pr`eolghs kl `çk` k`ckl lo `çk` duerl oh hplrturh klo vhs` y lo mhs pulkl lct`cdls oolmhr gès pr`fuck` h oh bcflddbôc, yh qul lo hmuh h vldls c` oolmh p`r lsthr bchghk` lo d`ckudt` klo `çk`. 5. Y @ (@) — DKT M1 Høhkbr kl 5 h ; go kl DKT ho 9.4% (4999 ppg) lc 49 go (uch `czh) kl hmuh ebh. Oolchr lo m`tlr` l bctr`kudbro` lc lo `çk` hd`sthk` kl ohk`, klaèck`o` kurhctl 8 ô 5 gbcut`s y obgpbhr lo oçqubk` s`erhctl d`c uc phøulo` ho olvhcthrsl. 454 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh 4. Y @ (@) — DK M1 Høhkbr kl 5 h ; m`ths kl DK hdvhkhs 818 y klspuâs høhkbr 49 go. (uch `czh) kl hmuh ebh. Oolchr lo m`tlr` l bctr`kudbro` lc lo `çk` hd`sthk` kl ohk`, klaèck`o` kurhctl 8 ô 5 gbcut`s y obgpbhr lo oçqubk` s`erhctl d`c uc phøulo` ho olvhcthrsl. Uld`glckheol11 pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`). Uld`glckheol [1 Hcôcbg` Oolv` phkldblck` hgbmkhobs y `s klskl eleâ. Nl t`ghk` thct`s hcebôd`s lc gb vbkh (t`k`s loo`s rldlthk`s) qul lst`s yh c` gl nhdlc chkh. O`s ñog`s hø`s, ohs bcflddb`cls nhc sbk` tlrrbeols pr`v`dhck` uc k`o`r bcs`p`rtheol qul cb o`s hchomâsbd`s gès fulrtls p`kçhc hobvbhr. Lct`cdls, nhdl uc hø`, vb oh d`cflrlcdbh klo slø`r Hckrlhs Jhodjlr, olç lo ober` kl Abg Nugeol y gl kldbkç h pr`ehr GGT. Ful ghrhvboo`s` p`klr qubthrgl ohs bcflddb`cls y c` tlclr qul phkldlr lo k`o`r kl mhrmhcth y `çk`s, gudnhs vldls d`gebchk`s. Lc duhct` d`gblczh oh bcflddbôc, o` t`g`, y lsth klshphrldl lc n`rhs. Ohs plrs`chs lclc klrldn` h d`c`dlr GGT y drl` qul lo klelr kl o`s gâkbd`s ls bcvlsmhro` bcvlsmhro` y rldlthro` h o`s phdblctls, sb o` drllc cldlshrb`. Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/0s7`s [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` hklduhk` phrh bcflddb`cls klo `çk` lxtlrc` slrçh lo pr`t`d`o` M (mhs), pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`) d`g` hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` A (lcauhmul eudho), ho quho sl rld`gblckh høhkbr uchs m`ths kl KGT@ h oh s`oudbôc. Ylrb`k`ctbtbs Oh plrb`k`cs, klc`gbchkh d`gñcglctl pb`rrlh, ls uch bchghdbôc l bcflddbôc kl o`s obmhglct`s obmhglct`s y nuls`s qul sbrvlc kl s`p`rtl h o`s kblctls y `durrl duhck` sl klah qul oh mbcmbvbs hvhcdl sbc trhthgblct`. trhthgblct`. 45; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Tç1 Tus sçct`ghs s`c1 gho hoblct`, kblctls `a`s, lcdçhs bchghkhs, r`abzhs y qul shcmrhc d`c fhdbobkhk. [1 B Mé (Lø) — 89/85/85 N`oh. T`y usuhrb` kl GGT klskl nhdl ; hø`s. O` us` phrh oh obgpblzh klo hphrht` kbmlsv` lc mlclrho y gl fucdb`ch. Gl durô uch pb`rrlh mrhvçsbgh lc oh qul plrkç lo ;9% kl ohs pblzhs eudhols y uch kbsgbcudbôc klo 49% klo nuls` klo ghxbohr suplrb`r lc thc s`o` uch slghch. Yhrh ohs mrbpl ` rlsfrbhk`s, lc < kçhs lstèc durhk`s. D`glcdâ p`rqul tlcçh pbl kl htolth klskl o`s 8< hø`s y c` nhdçh chkh qul gl o` durhsl. Ful lgplzhr y lc thc s`o` uch slghch gl `ovbkâ klo kbdn`s` n`cm`. [hc s`o` lcl uc pr`eolgh, lo must` thc klshmrhkheol h do`r`. Gl bctlrlshrçh shelr sb homublc nh lcd`ctrhk lcd`ctrhk` ` uch s`oudbôc. Mrhdbhs. Fulctl1 np1//lrclst`mulrrh.d`g/eo`m/ggs/ C 1 Lo she`r kl DK hdvhk` d`c èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` ho ;% ls gudn` gla`r qul d`c èdbk` dçtrbd`. Yhrh lo she`r ldnhr uc dn`rrbt` kl D`dh-D`oh h oh glzdoh qul kbsbguoh lo she`r plrfldthglctl sbc hotlrhr oh ldhdbh. C` sl rld`gblckhc zug`s, cb sbqublrh chturhols. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` A (lcauhmul eudho) l bcdous` sl pulkl dlpboohr o`s kblctls lc lo DKT (sbc kboubr), lo lgp` cldlshrb`. Lc dhs` slvlr` thgebâc sl pulkl nhdlr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g` hotlrchvh kurhctl 4 slghchs. Ybdhkurhs Nhebtuhoglctl ls dhushkh p`r bcsldt`s y hrèdcbk`s duy` vlclc` dhush uch bchghdbôc bcglkbhth k`o`r`sh. 45< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Tç1 O`s sçct`ghs kl pbdhkurh kl bcsldt` qul c` bgpobdhc uch urmlcdbh vhrçhc kl hdulrk` d`c lo p` kl bcsldt` y lo bckbvbku`. Oh ghy`rçh kl ohs plrs`chs lxplrbglcthc1 k`o`r o`dhobzhk`, lcr`aldbgblct`, nbcdnhzôc ` pbdhzôc. [hgebâc sl pulkl lxplrbglcthr uch slcshdbôc kl hrk`r, lctugldbgblct` u n`rgbmul`. [1 Ybdhkurh kl bcsldt`1 O`ob D`rebc (Lsphøh) Kçh 81 pbdhkurh kl bcsldt`. Kçh 51 Hspldt`, Hs pldt`, d`csldulcdbhs ho olvhcthrgl1 • Nbcdnhzôc kl @a`. • Yèrphk`1 pârkbkh kl fulrzh phrh p`klr herbr lo `a`. • K`o`r y qulghzôc bctlcs`s. • Bchghdbôc phrtl klrldnh klo r`str` bcdoubkh oh chrbz. Kçh 51 89199 kl oh ghøhch, sl hpobdh oh z`ch hfldthkh d`c mhsh lgphphkh d`c lo sbmublctl d`gpulst`1 < m`ths kl GGT, < m`ths kl hdvhk`r y < m`ths kl KGT@ lc 49 go kl hmuh frlsdh. H o`s 8< gbcut`s pukl herbr lo `a`. ¡¡Bcdrlbeol!! Lo k`o`r sl nheçh rlkudbk`, plr` oh plshklz y lo dhcshcdb` fhdbho hñc lrhc lvbklctls. Kçh 51 8<199. Bgprlsb`chctl1 uch s`oh hpobdhdbôc y gb mlst` dhgebô. Hpobd` `trh mhsh hctls kl hd`sthrgl, sbc cldlsbkhk. ¡Rh gl lcd`ctrheh t`thoglctl durhkh! Fbm. ;41 Lv`oudbôc klo trhthgblct` h uch pbdhkurh d`c kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Fulctl1 F`t`s kl t`k` lo pr`dls` lc www.hckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g 456 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; G ø1 Bvè Hez (D) — 8=/</8; Gb c`gerl ls, Bvèc Hoe`rc`z, s`y kl Dnbol y plrtlclzd` ho g`vbgblct` D`cdblcdbh kl Jrbsnch. Xublr` khr gb tlsg`cb` d`c GGT. Vbv` lc lo dhgp` y dhgbc` h Rugelo (D`cdlpdbôc) gl pbdô uch hrhøh kl rbcdôc lc oh pohcth klo pbl, fub ho gâkbd` p`rqul gl kbô hoths y ehahs kl prlsbôc y gl kbalr`c qul s`o` lrh uc rlsfrbhk` y o` qul gl phsheh lc lo pbl lrh uc `a` kl mhoo` y qul klspuâs sl gl o` p`kçhc lxrphr. Ylr` h o`s k`s kçhs slch pl`r lo pbl gès plshk`, o` trhtâ d`c ehrr` phrh shdhr oh bchghdbôc. Lo ehrr` gl lxtrha` t`k` o` gho` sl gl herbô uch hgp`ooh guy mrhckl lc oh pohcth klo pbl, fub culvhglctl ho n`spbtho gl nbdblr`c pucdb`cls y oh s`oudbôc phrh loo`s lrh s`o` oh hgputhdbôc, lo gâkbd` gl kba`1 ‟tl hgpuths tu pblrch ` tl gulrls‗. D`c gb slø`rh qulkhg`s dn`qulhk`s d`c lsth c`dbh. Gl vbsbthr`c h gb dhsh o`s g`cals y gl kbalr`c qul lst` tlcbh s`oudbôc, gl hyukhr`c d`c `trhs d`shs chturhols d`g` ho`l vlrh, ehrr`, flc`mrld`. Gb ghlstr` lspbrbtuho gl oohgô y gl kba` qul gl d`gucbdhrh d`c Hcmâobdh D`sth kl GGT Dnbol. Looh bcglkbhthglctl bcglkbhthglctl gl bckbdô uch k`sbs hoth kl DKT, gl lcsløô h t`ghro` y h ushr lo GGT hpobdhck` lc sprhy lc oh nlrbkh qul lrh guy mrhckl y guy flh, nhdblck` lo pr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 pr`t`d`o` E) y hpobdhck` GGT lc oh nlrbkh d`c uch e`tloobth lc sprhy. O`s gâkbd`s gl kldçhc kld çhc sb y` gl oolmhrh h gla`rhr kl lsth nlrbkh tlckrçh phrh uc hø`. Loo`s gl bckbdhr`c hcebôd` qul s`o` t`gl p`r k`s slghchs yh qul gl k`oçh gudn` lo lstôghm` y o` klaâ, s`o` gl qulkâ d`c DKT, GGT y KGT@ y hobglcth hobglcthdbôc dbôc shch. H o`s glsls klspuâs gl t`ghc lxègl lxèglcls cls y c` lctlckçhc y c` sl lxpobdhehc qul lstheh gb nlrbkh yh dhsb t`thoglctl rlduplrhkh y o`s lxèglcls kl `rbch y shcmrl t`k`s shoçhc guy eblc. Lc 4 glsls y glkb` yh sl dlrrô oh nlrbkh y lstè d`gpolthglctl rlmlclrhk` y lst`y bctlcthck` dhgbchr, hpobd` lo KGT@ phrh oh bchghdbôc. Xublr` khr ohs mrhdbhs h Hcmâobdh. H cmâobdh. Fulctl1 nps1//y`utu.el/5Y]FK5VlQeH Fbm. ;;1 Lv`oudbôc klo trhthgblct` d`c DKT y KGT@ h uch g`rklkurh kl hrhøh lc uc pbl. 45= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` B (bcsldt`s), hpobdhck` uch mhsh lgphphkh lc DKT 9,4% — (sb c` nhy DKT usl < m`ths hdvhkhs kl DK lc <9 go kl hmuh), y sl pulkl høhkbr < m`ths kl KGT@ ho hmuh sb c` dlkl oh bchghdbôc. Ybl kl htolth Lo pbl kl htolth ` clh plkbs ls uch bcflddbôc gbdôdh pr`kudbkh p`r n`cm`s klrght`t`s ` p`r olvhkurhs y qul hfldth c`rghoglctl oh z`ch lctrl o`s klk`s kl o`s pbls, pukbâck`sl prlslcthrsl lc tho`cls, tho`cls, phoghs kl ohs ghc`s y lctrl o`s klk`s kl ohs ghc`s. Tç1 Lo pbl kl htolth dhush lcr`aldbgblct` y pbd`r d`csthctl. Homuc`s dhs`s pulklc prlslcthrsl sbc sçct`ghs, lxdlpt` p`r oh dhrhdtlrçsdh gho`oblctl kl oh bcflddbôc. Ls frldulctl vlr thgebâc mrblths, hgp`oohs y lsdhghs lc lo èrlh hfldthkh. Oh pblo sl p`cl r`ah y lsduldl, nhy hrk`r y pbdhzôc, sl f`rghc ohs hgp`oohs qul supurhc s`othck` oçqubk` ` f`rghck` uch d`strh. Tb lo n`cm` sl kbslgbch h ohs uøhs, âsths pulklc prlslcthr kld`o`rhdbôc, lcmr`shgblct`, ghcdnh sbgbohr h uc g`rltôc ` bcdous` pulklc klsprlcklrsl sbc k`o`r. k`o`r. [1 H G Ce (J) — 52/6/85 52/6/85 [uvl homuc`s k`o`rls lctrl o`s klk`s kl o`s pbls. \ch c`dnl gl kldbkç h trhthr ushck` GGT. Hsç qul gl nl dholcthk` uc p`d` kl hmuh, hdvâ 8< m`ths kl GGT d`c 8< m`ths kl èdbk` dçtrbd` lc uc dulcd` y, h d`ccuhdbôc, høhkç lo hmuh dhoblctl y oulm` nl pulst` gbs pbls lc lo ehø` kl hmuh kurhctl 8< gbcut`s. Klaâ qul lo pbl sl sldhrh y fuç h k`rgbr. Ho kçh sbmublctl, cucdh tuvl k`o`r. Nhc phshk` gès kl 5 glsls yh y oh bcflddbôc c` lstè. [hgebâc uobz` GGT phrh trhthr lo hmuh p`theol y h vldls gl t`g` p`r vçh `rho hpr`xbghkhglctl < m`ths. Z…W Gudnhs mrhdbhs. Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/ghohkbls/fucmho-bcfld`c0sthrt789 [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` K (klrght`oômbd`), 5 ô 4 vldls ho kçh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`) d`g` hotlrchvh kurhctl 4 slghchs. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c ehø`s kl o`s pbls d`g` lc lo dhs` hrrbeh bckbdhk`. 45> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Yr`sthtbtbs Oh pr`sths, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, ls oh bchghdbôc klo tlabk` kl oh prôsthth, qul pulkl tlclr su `rbmlc lc uch bcflddbôc kl ehdtlrbhs. Duhoqublr ehdtlrbh qul pulkh dhushr uch bcflddbôc urbchrbh, pr`eheolglctl pr`kudl uch pr`sths ehdtlrbhch qul pulkl slr1 • hmukh1 d`gblczh kl f`rgh rèpbkh. • drôcbdh1 lxlckl su hphrbdbôc h o` ohrm` kl 4 glsls y sus sçct`ghs s`c glc`s mrhvls. Tç1 Lsdho`frç`s, lerl, lcr`aldbgblct` lcr`aldbgblct` kl oh pblo, shcmrl lc oh `rbch hrk`r ` k`o`r ho `rbchr kbduothk phrh bcbdbhr oh gbddbôc ` vhdbhr oh vlabmh y dn`rr` urbchrb` kâebo. [1 Hof`cs` Lsplr` ols sbrvh kl hyukh h homublc gb rloht`. N`oh Oubs, oolv` t`ghck` GGT nhdl yh k`s kçhs d`g` gl ghckhstl. Oolvheh 4 hø`s kl urôo`m` y gb gho beh kl gho lc pl`r, hsç qul duhck` gl kbalr`c qul lrh drôcbdh oh pr`sths sl gl nuckbô lo guck` yh qul c` sheçh phrh k`ckl rhr y dohr` phrh ls` lstèc o`s hgbm`s. Gb hgbm` Uhfh gl oolvô hrrhstrhck` h tu d`csuoth, p`rqul lo vlçh qul kl slr uch plrs`ch holmrl y hdvh lstheh dhgebhck` h dhush kl gb gho yh qul y` plcsheh qul sb oh glkbdbch c` p`krçh hrrlmohrgl lo gho plcsheh qul o`s chturhobsths thgp`d`. Klskl qul gl pusl lc tus ghc`s, ‟Elckbth oh n`rh‗. Mrhdbhs Oubs. [l prlmuctâ sb gl durhrçh y tus phoherhs fulr`c1 ‟Hof`cs` y` duhck` gl nbdl chturhobsth tuvl qul rghr uc phplo qul kldçh qul c` p`kçh kldbr h o`s lcflrg`s qul o`s durhrçh y qul vlrçhg`s s`erl oh ghrdnh‗. Ls` ful uc oucls y lo vblrcls o`s k`o`rls pr`stèd`s kl pblrchs kl rbø`cls y klo hc` dhsb nheçhc klshphrldbk`. Klspuâs kl k`s trhthgblct`s kl ;< kçhs lstheh dhsb flc`glcho hucqul tlcçh uch g`olsh lc lo hc` c` k`o`r`sh plr` hom` lxtrhøh. lxtrhøh. Oolv` k`s kçhs t`ghck` GGT y oh g`olsh c` oh tlcm`, lst` vh flc`glcho y t`khvçh gl qulkhc ;5 kçhs kl trhthgblct`. ¡Hn! o`s k`s trhthgblct`s fulr`c obgpblzhs kl d`o`c nlpèdhs kl rbø`cls y gès, ltd. y o`s slmuç ho pbl kl oh oltrh. Hn`rh sl qul lo kbclr` gla`r mhsthk` kl gb vbkh nh sbk` phrh hrrlmohr gb gho, yh qul oolv` 4 hø`s phmhck` uc slmur` gâkbd` y c` gl nhc rlsulot` chkh kl chkh phrh o` ñcbd` qul gl nh slrvbk` ls phrh o`s hcèobsbs. Lc c, uc p`lgh. 452 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Oubs, lo GGT o` nl t`ghk` d`g` gl kbabstl plr` huglcthck` huglcthck` oh k`sbs y c` gl nl slck` gho lc cbcmñc g`glct` s`o` homñc gholsthr lc pblrchs y lc lo k`o`r qul tl kbal kl oh lsphokh. Lsplr` qul p`r lstlo`tlsg`cb` homublc qul lstuvblrh lcklspuâs gb gbsgh sbtuhdbôc y qul glc`s vlholohsbrvh vbkh hd`c lsplrhczh, p`rqul y` kl lsthr trls hø`s d`c k`o`r kl mlglo`s, hc`, rbø`cls, c` vlçh d`g` p`kçh tlrgbchr lsl dhovhrb`. Hsç qul `s k`y ohs mrhdbhs p`r hquç y duhck` tlrgbcls qul yh gl nhs kbdn` qul slrè guy pr`ct` y thgebâc qublr` glcdb`chr h lsl hgbm` qul tlcm` qul ls uch elooçsbgh plrs`ch y qul gl oolvô hrrhstrhck` ho chturhobsth sbc y` drllr lc lstl p` kl glkbdbch shouk`s h t`k`s. Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/5984/9;/94/pr`sths-tlsg`cb`-ggs/ [rhthgblct`1 trhthgblct` lstl dhs` d`c slrçhlouobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT)\c ` lo pr`t`d`o` bckbdhk` E (eèsbd`)phrh y d`gebchro` pr`t`d`o` L (lclgh) kurhctl lo lgp` kl 8 h 4 glsls y thgebâc lo pr`t`d`o` U (rldtho d`c plrbooh) klspuâs kl dhkh klp`sbdbôc. Gçcbg` 5 vldls ho kçh (ghøhch y c`dnl). Ys`rbhsbs Oh ps`rbhsbs ls uch lcflrglkhk bchght`rbh drôcbdh kl oh pblo, sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, qul `dhsb`choglctl thgebâc hfldth h ohs hrduohdb`cls. Oh z`ch olsb`chkh pr`v`dh lcr`aldbgblct`, klsdhghdbôc, k`o`r l nbcdnhzôc. C` ls d`cthmb`sh. Tç1 Olsb`cls dutèclhs lc f`rgh kl pohdhs kl thghø` vhrbheol, lcr`aldbkhs y rldueblrths kl lsdhghs eohcquldbchs. C`rghoglctl sl prlslcth lc d`k`s y r`kboohs. [1 Lze ]j T (D) — 84/9=/85 Gb ghgè Tyovbh Tdngbkt d`glczô lo hø` 82>2 d`c ps`rbhsbs, ho prbcdbpb` sôo` uchd`c plquløh olsbôc lc glsls oh pblrch qulghcbflsthck` o`mrô d`ctr`ohr drlghs plr`klo c` shcheh, lo d`rrlr kl o`s sl ful lcd`c kbscths phrtls dulrp` s`glâck`sl h t`k` p` kl trhthgblct`s thct` trhkbdb`chols d`g` hotlrchv`s, sb eblc homuc`s khehc rlsuothk` p`r uc`s kçhs oulm` v`ovçh d`c gès fulrzh. Lo hø` phshk` uch hgbmh gl nheoô klo GGT y gl rld`glckô qul vblrh 449 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; o`s vbkl`s kl Hckrlhs Jhodjlr, hklgès gl d`cvbkô uc p`d` kl pr`kudt` phrh qul gb ghgè o` d`glczhrh h t`ghr y vblrh qul phsheh, h o`s p`d`s kçhs yh sbcô hom` kl hobvb`, lc lsl g`glct` su dulrp` lstheh dueblrt` p`r oh ps`rbhsbs (lxdlptuhck` dhrh,d`c ghc`s y pbls).y lo 8 kl slplgerl kl 5988 d`glczô su Gl d`cthdtâ Hcmâobdh trhthgblct` d`c pr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 Yr`t`d`o` E) y puovlrbzhdbôc klo pr`kudt` lc t`k` lo dulrp`, d`c lo d`rrlr kl o`s kçhs sl beh c`thck` oh gla`rçh, homuchs vldls vbc` uc rler`tl fulrtl plr` ho 5± ` 4lr kçh klshphrldçh y slmuçhc glrghck` ohs olsb`cls. Oh prbglrh gulstrh rlho ful duhck` klshphrldblr`c ohs olsb`cls kltrès kl oh `rlahs k`ckl ohs phths kl o`s olctls nlrçhc hñc gès lo oumhr, qulkô pblo hes`outhglctl hes`outhglc tl c`rgho, oulm` klshphrldblr`c ohs olsb`cls lc lo dulr` dheloouk`, kl lst` sl kb` dulcth oh plouqulrh qul ol prlmuctô qul nheçh nldn` p`rqul yh c` tlcçh chkh lc oh dhelzh. Lctrl c`vblgerl y kbdblgerl hmrlm` ehø`s d`c lo pr`kudt`, ghctlcblck` lc t`k` g`glct` lo trhthgblct` hctlrb`r, d`c hohrgh kl rlo`a phrh qul c` sl `ovbkl kl cbcmuch t`gh. H prbcdbpb`s kl 5985 t`kh oh pblo klo dulrp` lstuv` bchghkh y guy r`ah d`g` sb sl nueblsl bcs`ohk` y guy dhoblctl ho thdt`, sôo` fulr`c k`s ` trls kçhs y d`glczô lo rltr`dls` kl t`khs ohs olsb`cls qul hñc qulkhehc, sl cldlsbthr`c vhrb`s frhsd`s kl GGT lc lstl lgp` plr` vhobô oh plch, ho kçh kl n`y 8= kl herbo kl 5985 su pblo lstè d`gpolthglctl shch y d`glczhrè uc trhthgblct` kl ghctlcbgblct` ghctlcbgblc t` bckbdhk` p`r Hcmâobdh. Ys`rbhsbs t`thoglctl durhkh! durhkh! Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/5984/9;/9</ps`rbhsbs-trhthgblct`-tlsg`cb`-ggs/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` lo pr`t`d`o` E(eèsbd`) y d`gebchro` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` K(klrght`oômbd`) K(klrght`oômbd`) lc oh z`ch hfldthkh kurhctl lo lgp` cldlshrb`. Lc dhs`s rldurrlctls y guy slvlr`s sl rld`gblckh nhdlr lo pr`t`d`o` Y (phrèsbt`s). Yuog`cçh (d`csuothr hphrthk` ‟Clug`cçh‗) Xulghkurh \ch qulghkurh ls uch olsbôc ` nlrbkh kl oh pblo, qul pulkl slr dhushkh p`r lo d`cthdt` d`c oohghs, oçqubk`s ` suplrdbls dhoblctls y `trhs fulctls kl 448 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh hoths tlgplrhturhs: thgebâc p`r lo d`cthdt` d`c lolglct`s h tlgplrhturhs lxtrlghkhglctl lxtrlghkhg lctl ehahs. Lxbstlc hklgès ohs qulghkurh qulghkurhss quçgbdhs y loâdtrbdhs, p`r rhkbhdbôc y thgebâc p`r frbddbôc. Oh bcglrsbôc lc hmuh frçh kl oh z`ch hfldthkh hfldthkh ls lo prbglr trhthgb trhthgblct` lct` kl huxbob`. Tç1 K`o`r, lcr`aldbgblct` y k`o`r ho d`cthdt` y hgp`oohs. [1 D Y (LL. \\.) — 55/89/84 [rhtâ h uch plrs`ch d`c qulghkurhs kl 4lr mrhk`. Oh qulghkurh lstheh s`erl `trh qulghkurh vblah p`r lo tue` kl lsdhpl kl uch g`t`. Ho dhe` kl uc`s kçhs tlcçh d`strhs y ho gls lstheh durhkh d`gpolthglctl. d`gpolthglctl. Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/eurcs [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` X (qulghkurhs) d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` K (klrght`oômbd`). Lc dhs` kl bcflddb`cls y lerl sl høhkl lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`) d`g` hotlrchvh. Xubstls \c qubstl ls uch dhvbkhk ` e`osh kl tlabk` dlrrhk`, qul sl klshrr`ooh hc`rghoglctl klctr` kl duhoqublr tlabk` klo dulrp`. Yulkl lsthr oolc` kl hbrl, oçqubk`, mrhsh, pus u `tr` ghtlrbho. Oh ghy`rçh kl o`s qubstls qul sl lcdulctrhc lc o`s puog`cls lstèc oolc`s kl hbrl, o`s klo sbstlgh obcfèd` lstèc oolc`s kl oçqubk`. O`s qubstls pulklc slr elcbmc`s ` ghobmc`s, duhck` chdlc p`r oh hddbôc kl vbrus ` ehdtlrbhs qul, ho klshrr`oohr dâouohs hg`rfhs, hfldthc homñc ôrmhc` klo dulrp`. C 1 Gudn`s phrèsbt`s, d`g` homuc`s p`s kl clght`k`s d`csbklrhk`s d`csbklrhk`s bc`du`s p`r oh glkbdbch ho`pèdh, ho bmuho qul o`s dlst`k`s, pulklc slr dhush kl qubstls lc o`s gñsduo`s, nçmhk`, dlrler`, puog`cls, `a`s, ñtlr` y lc `trhs phrtls klo dulrp`. 445 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Tç1 Lo sçct`gh prbcdbpho ls oh prlslcdbh kl uc euot` lvbklctl, qul pulkl tlclr kbflrlctls thghø`s, y oh lxbstlcdbh kl n`rgbmul` ` hrk`r sb lo qubstl t`dh uc clrvb` y kl k`o`r sb lo qubstl lstè prlsb`chck` uc tlckôc ` uch hrduohdbôc. [1 K (LL. \\.) — 59/4/8; Gl kbhmc`sdhr`c uc qubstl lc lo nçmhk` duhck` gl nbdblr`c uc uotrhs`cbk` lc gb d`rhzôc. Lo gâkbd` gl kba` qul c` gl prl`duphrh p`r loo`, ‟oh thsh kl g`rthobkhk kl o`s qubstls nlpèd`s s`c bclxbstlctls‗. Ls` ful nhdl uc`s ;9 hø`s, y dhkh hø` qul gl nhdlc uc uotrhs`cbk` lo qubstl drldl. Nhdl uc hø` lo qubstl glkbh 85,= dg (< puomhkhs) kl kbègltr`, kbègltr`, qul hphrldblr`c lc oh bghmlc d`g` uc mrhc hmualr` clmr`. Lstl qubstl gl dhusheh k`o`r uch vlz p`r slghch, uc k`o`r hmuk` d`g` sb homublc gl hpuøhohrh d`c uc dudnboo`. Nl lsthk` t`ghck` GGT klskl nhdl uc hø`. Lc uc prbglr g`glct` t`gâ GGT8 t`k`s o`s kçhs kurhctl uch slghch, oulm` uch dèpsuoh GGT5 uch ` k`s vldls h oh slghch. Rh o` t`gheh sôo` phrh ghctlcbgblct`. Ylr` gl kb dulcth qul gb qubstl yh c` gl k`oçh, lst` lrh uc phr kl vldls ho hø`, hsç qul lstheh hcsb`sh kl nhdlrgl uotrhs`cbk`s. Oh lcflrglrh gl kba` qul lstheh klshphrldblck`, qul hn`rh lstheh d`g` uch cuel, c` lsl hmualr` clmr` qul shoçh hctls. Lstheh glc`s kl oh gbthk qul duhck` gl kbhmc`sdhr`c y gl d`glctô qul ‟h lstl rbtg`, phrh lo sbmublctl hø` nherçh klshphrldbk`‗. C` nhy sudblctls phoherhs phrh hmrhkldlr o` qul sblct`. Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/`tnlr C 1 Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul lo GGT5 pulkl dhushr lfldt`s slduckhrb`s fulrtls y lo hut`r sl kbsthcdbh kl su us`. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` lo pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`) y d`gebchro` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) lc oh z`ch hfldthkh kurhctl lo lgp` cldlshrb`. 444 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Ulfoua` mhstr`ls`fè mhstr`ls`fèmbd` mbd` Lc lsth hflddbôc, o`s d`ctlcbk`s lst`ghdhols s`c klvulot`s klskl lo lstôghm` nhdbh lo lsôfhm`, qul ls lo d`ckudt` qul vh klskl oh e`dh nhsth lo lstôghm`,, klebk` ho dblrrl bchklduhk` kl uc gñsduo` ho cho klo lsôfhm`. lstôghm` Lc lo lstôghm`, o`s hobglct`s sl glzdohc d`c o`s aum`s mèstrbd`s, qul lctrl `trhs d`shs sl d`gp`clc kl èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` (cldlshrb` phrh kbmlrbr ohs pr`tlçchs). Lstl èdbk` c` khøh lo lstôghm` p`rqul lo ôrmhc` pr`kudl uch susthcdbh gud`sh qul o` pr`tlml: sbc lgehrm`, lstl gudus pr`tldt`r c` ls pr`kudbk` p`r lo lsôfhm`, oh fhrbcml ` oh e`dh. Tb o`s hobglct`s y lo èdbk` klo lstôghm` rlmrlshc ho lsôfhm`, pr`kudbrèc brrbthdbôc y qulghkurhs. Tç1 Lo rlua` pulkl slr hsbct`gèd`. Oh pbr`sbs ls lo sçct`gh gès frldulctl y d`csbstl lc uch slcshdbôc kl qulghzôc h cbvlo klo lstlrcôc. Huglcth trhs uch d`gbkh heuckhctl y duhck` lo phdblctl sl tugeh. Yulklc hphrldlr thgebâc1 rlmurmbthdbôc kl she`r hmrb`, k`o`r t`rèdbd` c` dhrkçhd`, lrudt`s, g`olshs lc oh ohrbcml ` oh fhrbcml, d`g` hf`cçh ` slcshdbôc kl uc dulrp` lxtrhø` lc oh mhrmhcth. Lctrl ohs hotlrhdb`cls rlspbrht`rbhs, pulklc hphrldlr oh t`s c`dturch, clug`cçh, er`cqubs, er`cd`d`cstrbddbôc, hsgh drôcbdh, ltd. [1 Hô (H) Lc prbglr oumhr flobdbthdb`cls y mrhdbhs, mrhdbhs, mrhdbhs! Ols rld`glck`1 sbmhc t`ghck` GGT phrh ghctlclrsl d`c vbkh p`r gudn`s hø`s gès y phrh kbsfruthr kl uc lxbt`s` vbhal lc lsth vbkh. Nl lsthk` ushck` GGT kurhctl sbltl slghchs, y gl musthrçh d`glcthrols d`glcthrols ohs sbmublctls gla`rhs lc gb shouk. Gb ehthooh kl p`r vbkh d`c UML (rlua` mhstr`ls`fèmbd`-rl mhstr`l s`fèmbd`-rlua`/hdbkl ua`/hdbklz/èdbk`) z/èdbk`) phrldl nhelr tlrgbchk`. Klshphrldblr`c klspuâs kl duhtr` kçhs y c` nhc rlmrlshk`. Gb sbstlgh sudugebô h oh dlrvlzh y phthths frbths y `tr`s surk`s oh ehsurh kbhrbh, plr` uch k`sbs kbhrbh kl GGT o` hobvbô h o`s p`d`s gbcut`s. Gb klebobkhk kl t`kh oh vbkh lrh klghsbhkh gud`sbkhk lc oh chrbz y oh mhrmhcth. Lc oh ghy`rçh kl ohs vldls sl nh rlkudbk` c`theolglctl h uc ‟c` pr`eolgh‗ kl cbvlo. Hn`rh d`csbm` k`rgbr t`kh oh c`dnl, y gb lsp`sh kbdl qul gb r`cqubk` ls glc`r.. Z…W glc`r Z…W Fulctl1 nps1//ggs;obfl.w`rkprlss.d`g/ggs-tlsg`cbhos/ 44; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) qul sl pulkl d`gebchr d`c oh bcmlsôc kl 8<9 go h 599 go kl hmuh kl ghr ho kçh lc vhrbhs t`ghs ` høhkbkh kbrldthglctl ho DKT. Ulsfrbhk` d`gñc Lo rlsfrbhk` d`gñc ls uch lcflrglkhk bcflddb`sh vbrho olvl klo sbstlgh rlspbrht`rb` suplrb`r qul lc oh ghy`rçh kl o`s dhs`s dhush ua` heuckhctl kl gud`sbkhk p`r oh chrbz, d`cmlsôc chsho y lst`rcuk`. Tç1 D`cmlsôc chsho, rbc`rrlh (ua` heuckhctl kl gud`sbkhk p`r oh chrbz), dhrrhsplrh, lst`rcuk`. [hgebâc pulkl prlslcthr1 t`s, kbsgbcudbôc klo hplt`, k`o`r kl dhelzh y gusduohrls, bchghdbôc y k`o`r kl mhrmhcth. mhrmhcth. [1 Uj (Lø) — 58/88/85 Klskl qul o` t`gâ p`r prbglrh vlz c` nl d`mbk` `tr` rlsfrbhk`. Duhck` c`t` qul lst`y bcduehck` uc rlsfrbhk` ` kl lsthr d`c homublc qul lstè d`c lst`rcuk`s, t`s, lerl, ltd, t`g` lo lqubvholctl h lctrl < y 8< m`ths ho kçh, dohr`, kbsulot` lc hmuh, lc vhrbhs t`ghs d`c uch n`rh kl bctlrvho`. Rh kbm`, dhsb sblgprl, uchs < m`ths ho kçh, puls oh glzdoh gl kurh lc oh clvlrh uc`s 4 kçhs. Z…W Fulctl1 nps1//a`slpphgbls.w`rkprlss.d`g/5985/88/8</y`-thgeblc-us`ggs-kb`xbk`-kl-do`r`-y-kbvuom`-sus-pr`pblkhkls-glkbdbchols/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` F (frldulctl) y, lc dhs`s slvlr`s, sl pulkl slmubr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`) d`g` hotlrchvh,Lo d`gebchk` dhs` klnhcldlsbkhk d`c lo pr`t`d`o` @ (`t`rrbc`-chsho). pr`t`d`o` Qlc (zhpplr) khk` rlsuothk`s lxdlolctls lxdlolc tls ho d`gebchro` d`c o`s pr`t`d`o`s hctlrb`rls. hctlrb`rls. 44< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Ubcbtbs hoârmbdh Oh rbcbs hoârmbdh ` lerl klo nlc` ls uch lcflrglkhk bchght`rbh drôcbdh kl oh gud`sh chsho, qul pulkl lsthr dhushkh p`r uch rlhddbôc hoârmbdh ` p`r èdhr`s, n`cm`s ` lpbtlob`s kl hcbghols. Tç1 O`s sçct`ghs gès frldulctls s`c1 pbd`r, pbd`r, `estruddbôc, sldrldb`cls chshols y lc `dhsb`cls, fhoth kl `ofht`. [1 U G. (De) — 58/6/88 Nhdl hpr`xbghkhglctl 59 kçhs qul dhyô lc gbs ghc`s oh bcf`rghdbôc klo GGT, d`g` s`y bcmlcblrh quçgbdh gl bctlrlsâ. R` nl sufrbk` t`kh gb vbkh kl hflddb`cls kl mhrmhcth y rbcbs hoârmbdh. Cucdh gl qubsl klahr lxtrhlr ohs hgçmkhohs y p`r d`csbmublctl d`g` ohs tlcm` mrhckls, sl gl bchghc y plrghcldlc d`c uchs e`obths kl ghtlrbh qul gl pr`kudlc k`o`r, gholsthr, gho hoblct` y dhrrhsplrh ho puct` kl qul dhsb c` gl musth nheohr p`rqul d`gblcz` h t`slr y h dhrrhsplhr. D`glcdâ d`c 5 m`ths lo prbglr kçh lc n`rhs kl oh thrkl y `trhs k`s m`ths h oh sbmublctl n`rh hctls kl hd`sthrgl. O` prbglr` qul c`tâ ls qul sl gl klsplaô oh chrbz, y oh mhrmhcth gl hghcldbô sbc oh shobvh lsplsh qul sblgprl tlcçh ho olvhcthrgl, pukl k`rgbr poèdbkhglctl t`kh oh c`dnl y d`ccuâ ho kçh sbmublctl d`c trls m`ths dhkh n`rh p`r > n`rhs. Lo rlsuothk` qulqulrblck` gb mhrmhcth lstègès lstè obgpbh, y gb Gudnh mlctllslstè qulrblc k` shelr s`erl lo chrbz GGTklsplahkh. y y` ols nl Z…W erbckhk` oh bcf`rghdbôc qul d`c`zd`. Hpr`xbghkhglctl 89 plrs`chs lstèc hn`rh d`csugblck` lstl pr`kudt`, homuchs p`rqul lstèc lcflrghs y `trhs p`rqul qublrlc t`ghroh phrh ghctlcbgblct`. Lsplr` p`klr d`gphrrols t`k`s o`s tlsg`cb`s kl durhdbôc qul nhyhc tlcbk` ohs plrs`chs h qublcls ols nl d`gphrk` y qul lstèc t`ghck` lo GGT. Tl gl `ovbkheh qul prlphrâ lo GGT phrh us` tôpbd` y nl rlhobzhk` mhrmhrbsg`s mhrmhrbsg`s y o` lst`y uobzhck` d`g` drlgh klctho, klah o`s kblctls obgpb`s y sbc shrr`. shr r`. Fulctl1 nps1//ggsohc`hglrbdh.w`rkprlss.d`g/tlsg`cb`s/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`) d`gebchk` d`c pr`t`d`o` @ (`t`rrbc`-chsho). 446 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Thrd`bk`sbs Oh shrd`bk`sbs ls oh bchghdbôc ‛sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz‛ kl o`s mhcmob`s obcfèd`s, o`s puog`cls, lo nçmhk`, o`s `a`s, oh pblo y `tr`s tlabk`s, klebk` h uch hmruphdbôc kl dâouohs d âouohs klo sbstlgh bcgucbthrb`, qul f`rghc ghshs kl tlabk` hc`rgho, oohghkhs mrhcuo`ghs, lc kbsct`s ôrmhc`s klo dulrp`. Duhck` lo sbstlgh bcgucbthrb` kllckl culstr` dulrp` kl susthcdbhs lxtrhøhs, lcvçh dâouohs lspldbhols qul slmrlmhc eb`quçgbd`s pr`v`dhck` uch bchghdbôc lc lo dulrp`. Lstl lfldt` slduckhrb` klsphrldl lc ohs plrs`chs c`rghols, plr` d`ccñh lc ohs plrs`chs hfldthkhs hfldthkhs kl shrd`bk`sbs. Tç1 Dhsb t`k`s o`s phdblctls prlslcthc sçct`ghs lc lo puogôc ` lo tôrhx qul klrbvhc lc1 fhmh, lerl, fhoth kl lclrmçh, pârkbkh kl pls`, k`o`rls hrduohrls, slqulkhk `duohr, k`o`r t`rèdbd`, t`s sldh, kbduothk phrh rlspbrhr, t`s d`c shcmrl, vbsbôc e`rr`sh, fhoth kl hoblct`, olsb`cls dutèclhs, qul vhrçhc klskl lcr`aldbgblct`s lcr`aldbgblct `s y plqulø`s côkuo`s nhsth lrbtlgh c`k`s` ` oupus. [1 H (Lø) — 89/85/88 Kbhmcôsd` doçcbd`1 Thrd`bk`sbs. D`gblczh trhthgblct` d`c GGT 5=/85/5989. H kçh 89/85/5988, d`gucbdh qul trhs phshr ohs prulehs kl d`ctr`o gâkbd` kl su lcflrglkhk, rldbel lo d`glcthrb` kl su gâkbd`1 ‟Tb c` supbârhg`s qul uk. phkldl Thrd`bk`sbs, kbrçhg`s qul uk. c` phkldl lsth lcflrglkhk puls lstè d`gpolthglctl obgpbh kl looh‗. looh‗. Hch o`mrô t`ghr kbhrbhglctl 89 m`ths hdvhkhs kl GGT (trls vldls ho kçh): t`gô trls glsls GGT ho 5>% y p`r g`v`s kl hdlpthdbôc, dhgebô h GGT ho 5<% p`r lo rlst` klo lgp`, nhdblck` dhkh 8< kçhs uch phrhkh kl 4 kçhs phrh t`ghr 8999 gm kl vbthgbch D y gbclrhols c` p`cklrheols (shols h 8 ppg `etlcbkhs p`r g`oturhdbôc: prbcdbphoglctl dhodb`s. Lst`s bcdous` kurhctl oh t`gh klo GGT). Tu hobglcthdbôc,, ful oh nhebtuho, lvbthck` hobglcthdbôc lvbthck` lc o` p`sbeol ohs dhrcls. Tbmul uc pr`t`d`o` kl ghctlcbgblct` y prlvlcdbôc kl 6 m`ths hdvhkhs kl GGT ho 5<% k`s vldls p`r slghch (ghrtls y aulvls.) Lsplr` qul slh kl uobkhk, phrh qublc o` cldlsbtl. Mrhdbhs h Gr.Nugeol y h t`k`s o`s qul nhc nldn` p`sbeol lst`. Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/5984/9;/94/shrd`bk`sbs-tlsg`cb`-ggs/ 44= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` lo pr`t`d`o` E(eèsbd`) y d`gebchro` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` K(klrght`oômbd`) K(klrght`oômbd`) lc ohs z`chs hfldthkhs kurhctl lo lgp` cldlshrb`. THUG (Tt (Tthpnyo`d`ddus hpnyo`d`ddus Hurlus Hurlu s)(d`csuothr hphrthk` ‟Tthpnyo`d`ddus‗) Thrch Oh shrch ls uch lcflrglkhk kl oh pblo dhushkh p`r lo èdhr` phrèsbt` Thrd`ptls sdheblb. Tl trhcsgbtl p`r d`cthdt` kbrldt` d`c hcbghols y plrs`chs bcfldthkhs. C` ls uch bcflddbôc kl rblsm` y ls ehsthctl d`gñc lc duhoqublr phrtl klo guck`, lc t`khs ohs lkhkls. Tç1 Ybd`r, d`glzôc, f`rghdbôc kl plqulø`s mrhc`s, hgp`oohs y r`cdnhs ` plquløhs ñodlrhs d`c d`strhs lc oh pblo. [1 Af GJ (LL. \\.) \\.) ¡Klspuâs kl 4 8/5 glsls kl v`ovlrsl o`dh klebk` h oh pbdhzôc bctlcsh kl shrch y trhthr uch hgpobh vhrblkhk Fbm. ;=1 [lrlsh. kl trhthgblct`s choglctl pr`eâ lo pr`t`d`o` kl ehø` GGT (7 Yr`t`d`o` O), y klspuâs kl sôo` k`s ehø`s (!!!) gl slc hobvbhkh. ¡Klspuâs kl dbcd` ehø`s lrh uch gualr culvh! [hgebâc d`ccuâ nhdblck` ohs d`shs sumlrbkhs lc uch vhrblkhk kl sb`s wle phrh lvbthr oh rlbcflsthdbôc (o` gès bgp`rthctl ohvhr y/` sldhr t`kh oh r`ph y oh r`ph kl dhgh klspuâs kl uc s`o` us`). Hgbm`s, gl lstheh v`ovblck` o`dh y d`glczhr h slcrgl klslsplrhkh. [lcçh shrch lc dhsb t`k` gb dulrp`. Klskl gb lxplrblcdbh y` kbrçh qul c` tl g`olstls d`c duhoqublr `trh d`sh. C` pblrkh lo lgp`, oh lclrmçh ` lo kbclr` lc `trh d`sh. GGT ls oh rlspulsth. ¡Elckbt` slhs, Abg Nugeol! Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/sdhebls 44> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`) ` thgebâc d`g` hotlrchvh lo pr`t`d`o` M (mhs lc e`osh mrhckl). [hgebâc sl pulkl hpobdhr dlcbzh kl phrrh kl vbc` glzdohk` d`c hdlbtl lc o`s oumhrls gès hfldthk`s. Tçckr`gl kl Taömrlc Lo sçckr`gl kl Taömrlc, lcflrglkhk kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`c d`cvlcdb`cho, ho, ls uc trhst`rc` qul klstruyl ohs moèckuohs lx`drbchs, lcdhrmhkhs kl pr`kudbr oçqubk`s d`g` oh shobvh, ohs oèmrbghs, ohs sldrldb`cls gud`shs kl oh ohrbcml y kl oh trèqulh y ohs sldrldb`cls vhmbchols, qul suhvbzhc ohs phrtls klo `rmhcbsg` qul lstèc lc d`cthdt` d`c lo lxtlrb`r, ` gud`shs. Ls thgebâc uch lcflrglkhk rlugèdh, qul pr`kudl k`o`r l nbcdnhzôc lc ohs hrduohdb`cls. Lstl sçckr`gl `durrl sôo` d`c `tr` trhst`rc` hut`bcgucbthrb` d`g`1 hrtrbsrlught`bklh,, oupus lrbtlght`s` sbstâgbd`, hrtrbsrlught`bklh sbstâgbd`, lsdolr`klrgbh ` p`ob`gb`sbs. Uldbel su c`gerl lc n`c`r ho dblcd` suld` Nlcrbj Taömrlc. Tç1 Tlqulkhk y hrk`r lc o`s `a`s, slcshdbôc kl qul nhy hom` lc lo `a`, kbduothk phrh d`glrlsplsh hobglct`s pârkbkh kl slck` klo must`, pr`eolghs phrh trhmhr nheohr,`shobvh ` lc sld`s, nbo`s, k`o`r ` ñodlrhs eudhols, kltlrb`r` kl o`s kblctls l bchghdbôc kl ohs lcdçhs, r`cqulrh, fhmh, lerl, dhgeb` kl d`o`r lc ohs ghc`s ` lc o`s pbls, k`o`r hrduohr y mhcmob`s bchghk`s. bchghk`s. [1 Hcôcbg` H gb sulmr` ol rld`glckô lstl pr`kudt` su chturôphth. chturôphth. Âo ful kbhmc`sdhk` d`c oh lcflrglkhk kl Ta`mrlc nhdl hpr`xbghkhglctl hpr`xbghkhglctl uc hø` y tlcçh t`k`s o`s sçct`ghs klebobthctls1 klebobthctls1 `a`s sld`s (m`ths cldlshrbhs dhkh p`dhs n`rhs), e`dh sldh (cldlshrb` elelr hmuh d`c ohs d`gbkhs / hobglct`s), y lo cbvlo kl lclrmçh gudn` glc`r. Klskl qul t`gô lo GGT lc lo ñog` gls y glkb`, nh tlcbk` uch rlduplrhdbôc bcdrlçeol1 yh c` cldlsbth m`ths phrh o`s `a`s lc hes`out`, kulrgl d`g` uc eleâ p`r oh c`dnl, y c` lcl oh e`dh sldh lc hes`out`. Hklgès, nh rlhcukhk` su phsbôc, lo tlcbs (h o`s =8 hø`s kl lkhk!) 442 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Âo lstè t`ghck` hpr`xbghkhglctl 59 m`ths ho kçh, plr` d`glczô olcthglctl d`c sôo` 5-; m`ths ho kçh. Nh lxplrbglcthk` uc p`d` kl cèuslh ho prbcdbpb`, plr` h glkbkh qul ohs t`xbchs shoçhc kl su sbstlgh, o`s sçct`ghs thgebâc sl fulr`c y âo slGb sblctl gla`r kl o` sl nhlsthk` slck`t`ghck` lc hø`s.thgebâc, hsç d`g` phrh ohs ghrbk` y y` o` qul nlg`s ñoghs slghchs, y kl culv`, nh nhebk` homuc`s mrhckls hd`ctldbgblct`s. O`s pr`eolghs `duohrls drôcbdhs kl gb ghrbk` (lcr`aldbgblct`, pbd`r) prèddhglctl nhc klshphrldbk`, y âo lstè kurgblck` gès trhcqubohglctl. Âo thgebâc lxplrbglctô lxplrbglctô dblrth cèuslh y kbhrrlh olvls ho bcbdb`. Fulctl1 np1//www.durlz`cl.`rm/f`rugs/hg.hsp0b785;5482 [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` @ (`hog`oômbd`) lc d`cauct` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) `, d`g` hotlrchvh, lo pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`). Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`). Tbcusbtbs Oh sbcusbs ls uch rlspulsth bchght`rbh kl oh gud`sh kl oh chrbz y kl o`s slc`s phrhchshols, hctl uch bcflddbôc ehdtlrbhch, vbrho ` kl n`cm`s. Lc uch plrs`ch shch o`s slc`s phrhchshols uebdhk`s kltrès kl oh frlctl, kl o`s nuls`s kl oh chrbz y kl ohs glaboohs y `a`s, c` d`clclc ehdtlrbhs u `tr`s gbdr``rmhcbsg`s, lo g`d` pulkl shobr y lo hbrl pulkl dbrduohr h trhvâs kl loo`s. Tç1 Yârkbkh klo slck` klo `ofht` y gho hoblct`, t`s qul mlclrhoglctl lgpl`rh p`r oh c`dnl, fhmh y slcshdbôc kl gholsthr mlclrho, lerl, k`o`r kl dhelzh, d`cmlsôc y sldrldbôc chsho, k`o`r kl mhrmhcth mhrmhcth y m`tl` rltr`chsho, k`o`r sbgbohr h prlsbôc kltrès kl o`s `a`s, k`o`r kl guloh ` slcsbebobkhk fhdbho. [1 H @ (Lø) Gb c`gerl ls Hct`cb` @dn`h y tlcm` 6> hø`s. Klskl guy a`vlc nl tlcbk` pr`eolghs chshols rlspbrht`rb`s, uchs vldls olvls y `trhs fulrtls. D`c `cdl hø`s phkldç uch er`cqubs hmukh qul lstuv` 4;9 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; h puct` kl d`sthrgl oh vbkh. Oh hphrbdbôc kl oh plcbdbobch uchs kâdhkhs hctls, y uc gâkbd` kl o`s kl hctls, (bcdous` hklohctô lo bgp`rtl klo glkbdhglct` pr`nbebv` phrh gbs phkrls,) gl shovô. Yulkl qul hnç lstuvblsl lo `rçmlc kl gbs pr`eolghs, ` c`… D`c trldl hø`s rldulrk` gb prbglrh plrf`rhdbôc chturho kl gphc` qul dursô sbc bctlrvlcdbôc gâkbdh. Lc looh, d`g` lc ohs klgès, slc d`g` uc pbcdnhz` guy fulrtl duhck` sl plrf`rô. H o` ohrm` kl gb vbkh nl tlcbk` dbcd` plrf`rhdb`cls kl gphc`. Oh ñogh nhdl slbs hø`s qul gl oh `dhsb`cô gb `t`rrbc` d`c uch alrbcmubooh phrh shdhr oh mrhc dhckhk kl g`d` qul nheçh lc lo `çk`, d`o`dèck`gl uc kbgbcut` kbèe`o` qul kleçh dhlrsl ho p`d` lgp` y dlrrhrsl lo gphc`. Ylr` phshr`c dbcd` hø`s nhsth qul, trhs vlr uc vçkl` kl ‟ghlvhrbp`sh‗ lc R`utuel s`erl dôg` ohvhrsl o`s slc`s phrhchshols, nhooâ lo rlglkb` klcbv`, nhsth hn`rh, phrh obgpbhr gbs slc`s phrhchshols, y hyukhk` p`r uc trhthgbl trhthgblct` ct` chturbsth, gb gphc` sl dlrrô. Mrhdbhs h ‟ghlvhrbp`sh‗ hut`rh klo vçkl`, p`r su hp`rthdbôc. Lst` ls lo trhthgblct` qul nbdl1 [ [ 1 1 Ohvhk` kl slc`s phrhchshols. Yrlphrhdbôc Yrlphrhdbôc11 • 4> go kl hmuh sbc do`r` do`r` (`sg`sbs bcvlrsh, bcvlrsh, lge`tloohkh, lge`tloohkh, klsohkh…) tlgpohkh. (Horlklk`r kl 4<-4> mrhk`s). • \ch pbzdh kl sho. Tb sl lcl hmuh kl ghr, ghr, 6 go kl hmuh kl ghr y 49 go kl hmuh sbc do`r`. • 5 go kl DKT. • 8 m`th m`th kl KGT@ ho =9% =9% (sb sl lcl). lcl). • \ch alrbcmubooh kl 59 go. Yrhddhr obgpblzh tho y d`g` sl lxpobdh lc lo vçkl` rlflrlcdbhk`1 nps1//y`utu.el/`rpf64wsOy` Fulctl1 dhrth lcvbhkh ho hut`r [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` @ (`t`rrbc`-chsho) y lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`) d`g` hotlrchvh. Tthpnyo`d`ddus Tthpnyo`d`ddus ls uc mâclr` kl ehdtlrbhs lstho`d`dèdlhs kl oh dohsl Ehdboob. Lsths ehdtlrbhs pulklc vbvbr sbc `dhsb`chr khø` lc gudnhs suplrdbls kl oh pblo, lspldbhoglctl dlrdh kl oh chrbz, oh e`dh, o`s mlcbthols y lo hc`. Ylr` ho ohsghrsl 4;8 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh oh pblo ` sufrbr uch pucdbôc, ohs ehdtlrbhs lstho`dôdbdhs pulklc lctrhr lc oh nlrbkh pr`v`dhck` uch bcflddbôc. Tl d`c`dlc gès kl 49 lspldbls lc oh fhgbobh lstho`dôdbdh, qul pr`kudlc kbscths lcflrglkhkls d`g` p`rp`r lalgpo` oh bcflddbôc ohs vçhsohurbchrbhs, plr` oh ghy`rçh kl bcflddb`cls lstho`d`d`bhs, ohsklpr`v`dh lspldbl Tthpnyo`d`ddus hurlus. Tç1 Bcflddb`cls lc oh pblo d`g` f`obduobs, f`rñcduo`s, bgpâm` y dlouobs. Oh ehdtlrbh thgebâc pulkl pr`v`dhr lcflrglkhkls d`g` bct`xbdhdbôc p`r hobglct`s ` sçckr`gl kl sn`dj tôxbd`. [1 A (De) — =/6/85 ‟A`l, sl lcflrgô d`c lstho`d`d`s nhdçh < hø`s. Ol shoçhc er`tls guy fulrtls qul d`glc oh dhrcl. [`gô lo GGT nhdl 4 hø`s. Kurhctl 5 glsls nbz` lo trhthgblct` kl 8< m`ths, 4 vldls ho h o kçh (guy fulrtl). fulrtl) . Hn`rh d`c DKT ls ghs suhvl sbc lfldt`s slduckhrb`s.‗ slduckhrb`s.‗ Fulctl1 nps1//y`utu.el/6C^w8o4gU@d [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`). dhs`s slvlr`s rldurrlctls, pr`t`d`o` ldhzYhrh y thgebâc lo pr`t`d`o` M (mhs), lo sb ls lxtlrc`.Q (zhpplr) nh p`kbk` slr [rhst`rc` Ebp`ohr (y Hcsblkhk Mlclrhobzhkh) Lo trhst`rc` ebp`ohr, lcflrglkhk kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, thgebâc ls d`c`dbk` d`g` trhst`rc` hfldv` ebp`ohr ([HE) y hcmuhglctl d`g` psbd`sbs ghcçhd`klprlsbvh (YGK), ls lo kbhmcôsd` psbqubètrbd` qul klsdrbel uc trhst`rc` klo lsthk` kl ècbg` dhrhdtlrbzhk` p`r dhgeb`s bcusuhols. Tç1 Ghcçhd`s1 slcrsl guy holmrls ` hcbghk`s, guy clrvb`s`s ` hotlrhk`s, nheohr guy rèpbk` kl gudnhs d`shs kbscths, lsthr bcqublt`s, brrbthk`s y 4;5 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; slcsbeols, d`c pr`eolghs phrh k`rgbr ` rlohahrsl, drllrsl dhphz kl nhdlr gudnhs d`shs h oh vlz y lsthr gès hdv`s kl o` d`gñc y o`s sçct`ghs klprlsbv`s s`c1 slcrsl guy klprbgbk`s ` trbstls, prl`duphk`s y vhdç`s, d`c pr`eolghs kl d`cdlctrhdbôc, kl ohs d`shs ho tlclr oh gulrtl glctl lcf`dhkh lc kl su pr`pbh trbstlzh, `ovbkhrsl bcs`gcb` gudn` y plcshgblct`s subdbkhs ` kl y slcshdbôc qul c` nhy shobkh. C 1 T`spldn` qul oh dhush kl lstl trhst`rc` lc gudn`s dhs`s lc rlhobkhk ls uch phrhsbt`sbs bctlscho k`ckl o`s phrèsbt`s obelrhc t`xbchs lc lo bctlsc` qul dhushc hotlrhdb`cls lc lo dlrler`. Nl p`kbk` vlr gudnhs rlgbsb`cls t`thols klspuâs kl rlhobzhk` lo trhthgblct` hcphrhsbthrb`. [1 A D He (L) — 5/85/8< 5/85/8< O` prbglr` ful hpobdhr lo pr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 pr`t`d`o` E) p`d` h p`d` nhsth hodhczhr ohs 5; m`ths p`r kçh p`r trls slghchs, gl kurô slbs glsls lo trhthgblc trhthgblct` t` d`c GGT, d`c suebkhs y ehahkhs kl k`sbs, nhsth qul p`r c fub lobgbchck` uch kr`mh qul d`csugç p`r dhsb sbltl hø`s phrh trhthr gb trhst`rc` kl pècbd` ` kl hcsblkhk. Rh c` sufr` o`s 8= sçct`ghs kl o`s hthquls hthqul s kl pècbd` y klskl oulm` hmrhklzd` oh vholch kl Abg Nugeol p`r p`clro` ho hodhcdl kl qublc qublrh nhdlr us` klo ggs phrh trhthr su lcflrglkhk. Fulctl1 nps1//tlsg`cb`sggs.d`g/0s7hcsblkhk [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`) d`gebchk` d`c pr`t`d`o` L (lclghs). Y`stlrb`rglctl, sl rld`gblckh nhdlr lo pr`t`d`o` Y (phrèsbt`s) qul nh rlsuothk` guy ldhz lc gudn`s dhs`s slvlr`s. [r`ge`sbs vlc`sh Oh tr`ge`sbs vlc`sh ls oh f`rghdbôc kl uch ghsh nlgèdh ` tr`ge`, klctr` kl uch vlch phrh kltlclr oh nlg`rrhmbh dhushkh p`r oh rupturh kl uc vhs` shcmuçcl`. Tb ls mrhckl, sl hsblcth lc ohs vlchs pr`fuckhs kl ohs pblrchs (tr`ge`sbs vlc`sh pr`fuckh) y sb sl klsprlcklc frhmglct`s plqulø`s klo 4;4 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh tr`ge` y `estruylc lo ua` shcmuçcl` lc o`s puog`cls, ho hsdlcklr, hsdlcklr, sl klc`gbch lge`obh kl puogôc. Tç1 Lc o`s dhs`s kl tr`ge`sbs vlc`sh pr`fuckh, k`o`r p`d` prldbs` y kl bctlcsbkhk vhrbheol. Lo lcr`aldbgblct` y lo bcdrlglct` klo thghø` lc oh pblrch ` lo guso`. Oh lge`obh puog`chr lstè dhrhdtlrbzhkh p`r lo k`o`r kl pldn`, t`s h vldls d`c shcmrl y slcshdbôc sñebth kl kbduothk phrh rlspbrhr. [1 C K (Gâx) — 48/4/84 Gb phkrl, oohghk` Auhc Dhro`s Kupuy, kl <2 hø`s, sufrbô uch tr`ge`sbs lc oh rhgh vlc`sh tlgp`rho, suplrb`r rlcho, lc lo `a` klrldn`, o` qul lc phoherhs sbgpols slrçh uc klrrhgl lc oh rlch, plrkblck` oh vbsbôc p`r d`gpolt` kl lsl `a`. Lst` ol `durrbô lo 599>, y lc lsl lgp` c` sl trhtô cb chkh, nhsth qul lo 5984 c`s d`gucbdô h oh fhgbobh o` qul ol nheçh phshk`, plr` yh lrh brrlvlrsbeol oh sbtuhdbôc, p`r o` qul o`s k`dt`rls c` ol kblr`c cbcmuch lsplrhczh kl v`ovlr h rlduplrhr oh vbsbôc kl su `a` klrldn`. Tlmñc su `hogôo`m` kl oh HDNT, Dhro`s Hrhyh Guø`z, c` lxbsh cbcmuch `plrhdbôc, pr`dlkbgblct` pr`dlkbgblct` ` rlglkb` qul pukblsl rlduplrhr oh vbsbôc, cb sbqublrh lc uc p`rdlcthal glc`r, ls kldbr, tlcçhg`s qul hdlpthr oh bklh kl qul c` v`ovlrçh h vlr cucdh gès p`r su `a` klrldn`, rlsbmchrc`s y trhthr kl lvbthr qul ol phshrh lc lo `a` bzqublrk`. Gb phkrl d`glczô lo Yr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 pr`t`d`o` E), lo kçh 2 kl flerlr` nhsth lo 8< kl ghrz` 5984, y oulm` kl 5 slghchs kl trhthgblct`, ho lsthr gbrhck` lo ph` d`c uc`s ebc`duohrls, c`s kbdl uc thct` lg`db`chk`, qul p`kçh vlr uch plquløh ouz p`r lo d`sthk` kl su `a`. Ful uch slcshdbôc bcdrlçeol, lc k`ckl t`k`s qulkhg`s sbc phoherhs p`r oh lg`dbôc. Hsç phshr`c 5 slghchs gès y c`s kldçh qul p`r homuc`s sldt`rls klo `a`, tlcçh oh vbsbôc d`g` oh kl uc vbkrb` g`ahk`: ls kldbr kldbr,, lo d`èmuo` kl shcmrl sl lstheh kbs`ovblck` olcthglctl. olcthglctl. Oulm` kl d`gpolthr lo gls klo Yr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 Yr`t`d`o` E), ful h d`ctr`o d`c lo `hogôo`m` y âstl ol kbdl, uc thct` s`rprlckbk`, qul nheçh rlduplrhk` oh vbsbôc lc uc 59%, t`k` lst` lc ehsl h lxèglc lxèglcls ls vbsuhols qul ol prhddhr`c. Gb phkrl, h oh fldnh (ghy` 5984), hñc sbmul t`ghck` lo GGT phrh o`mrhr rlduplrhr o` gèxbg` p`sbeol kl oh vbsbôc. Tb eblc, ls dblrt`, qul h vldls lo trhthgblct` d`csugl mrhc phrtl kl culstr` klkbdhdbôc, rlhoglctlck`. vhol oh plch slcr o`s dhgeb`s y gla`rçhs qullgp` culstr`ydulrp` vh lxplrbglcthck`. lxplrbglcth Fulctl1 nps1//www.fhdle``j.d`g/ggsgx/p`sts/898<8<446=69<26> nps1//www.fhdle``j.d`g/ggsgx/p`sts/898<8<446=69<26>5 5 4;; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` @ (`hog`oômbd`). [uelrduo`sbs Oh tuelrduo`sbs (herlvbhkh [ED ` [E) ls uch bcflddbôc ehdtlrbhch d`cthmb`sh, d`cthmb`sh, qul sl pr`phmh p`r lo hbrl, kl uch plrs`ch h `trh duhck` oh plrs`ch bcfldthkh t`sl, lst`rcukh, nheoh ` dhcth. Oh ehdtlrbh pulkl vbvbr lc culstr` dulrp` sbc lcflrghrc`s, lc lsthk` ohtlctl, c` prlslcth sçct`ghs y c` ls susdlpeol kl d`cthmbhr h `trhs plrs`chs p`rqul lo dulrp` d`gehtl ohs ehdtlrbhs bgpbkblck` qul sl guopobqulc y klslcdhklclc oh lcflrglkhk. lcflrglkhk. Tbc lgehrm` lgehrm`,, ohs plrs`chs lcflrghs kl tuelrduo`sbs sç prlslcthc sçct`ghs y pulklc d`cthmbhr h `trhs plrs`chs. D`c frldulcdbh ohs ehdtlrbhs sl guopobdhc lc o`s puog`cls dhushck` o`s sbmublctls sçct`ghs. Tç1 [`s bctlcsh qul kurh 4 slghchs ` gès, k`o`r lc lo pldn`, t`s d`c shcmrl ` lsput`, klebobkhk, dhcshcdb`, pârkbkh kl pls`, fhoth kl hplt`, lsdho`frç`s, lerl y suk`r c`dturc`. [1 H U Yz (Gâx) (Gâx) — 48/4/84 ‟Kl o`s rlsuothk`s gès rlolvhctls qul tuvbg`s lc lo lstukb` kl uch prbsbôc kl Gâxbd`1 lc lstl lstukb` tlcçhg`s > plrs`chs qul lstuvblr`c t`ghck` lo GGT kl o`s hcèobsbs quçgbd`s (tlst) qul nbdbg`s ful phrh ohs plrs`chs qul tlcçhc tuelrduo`sbs, y lo kht` bgp`rthctl qul `etuvbg`s ful lo kl uch plrs`ch d`c tuelrduo`sbs rlsbstlctl h t`k`s o`s hcebôd`s y sl durô h o`s 8< kçhs kl lsthr t`ghck` lsl trhthgblct`. H o`s ñcbd`s qul sl ols prhddhr`c o`s hcèobsbs fulr`c h o`s kl tuelrduo`sbs. Lst` ful p`rqul c` tlcçhg`s chcdbhgblct` phrh o`s klgès hcèobsbs. Lo dhs` kl tuelrduo`sbs ful trhthk` d`c 8< m`ths kl GGT rlplk` k`s vldls ho kçh kurhctl qubcdl kçhs bmuho qul o`s kl nlphs, sblgprl lgplzhk` lgplzhk` p`r uch ` k`s m`ths ho bcbdb` phrh qul c` nhyh rldnhz` ` qul lo dulrp` c` o` rldnhdl.‗ Fulctl1 np1//ggs8.glxbd`-f np1//ggs8 .glxbd`-f`r`.d`g/t=4-supolglt`-gbclrho-ggs `r`.d`g/t=4-supolglt`-gbclrho-ggs 4;< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`) y d`gebchro` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` N (nhebthdbôc) kl c`dnl. Tl pulkl hpobdhr h pobdhr thgebâc lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@). [ug`r \c tug`r, lcflrglkhk sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz p`r oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho, lstè khk` p`r uch ghsh hc`rgho kl tlabk` d`rp`rho, qul pulkl slr elcbmch ` ghobmch. Tl pr`kudl duhck` ohs dâouohs sl kbvbklc y guopobdhc klsd`ctr`ohkhglctl lc lo dulrp`. D`ccuhglctl drlhg`s dâouohs culvhs qul rllgpohzhc h ohs vblahs y gblctrhs o` nhmhg`s kl f`rgh lquboberhkh c` nhy tug`r, sç o` nhy duhck` sl hotlrh lo lquboberb` kl kbvbsbôc y gulrtl dlouohr. Tç1 Lsdho`frç`s, fhmh, lerl, bchpltlcdbh, gholsthr mlclrho, suk`rls frç`s y pârkbkh kl pls`. Klplckblck` klo p` y o`dhobzhdbôc klo tug`r, lc lo puogôc pulkl `dhsb`chr t`s, kbduothk rlspbrht`rbh ` k`o`r t`rèdbd` y lc lo d`o`c pulkl dhushr pârkbkh kl pls`, kbhrrlh, lstrløbgblc lstrløbgblct`, t`, hclgbh flrr`pâcbdh y shcmrl lc ohs nldls. [1 H @øz D (Gâx) (Gâx) — 5</=/84 Xul tho guy eulchs thrkls, shouk`s klskl Gâxbd` slø`r Hckrlhs, hctls qul chkh kâalgl flobdbthrol p`r oh f`rgbkheol ohe`r qul lstè nhdblck` d`c lo GGT, y p`r herbrc`s o`s `a`s h gudn`s, drâhgl qul y` nl hprlckbk` ehsthctl d`c sus d`cflrlcdbhs d`cflr lcdbhs lc vbkl`, y d`c o`s tlsg`cb`s s`erl lo GGT. R` p`r gb phrtl nl d`gphrk` l bctlct` khr h d`c`dlr o` qul y` nl vbst`, nhsth n`y nhdl yh dhsb gls y glkb` qul lgpldâ h khr lo trhthgblct`, trhthgblct`, lc prbglr oumhr h uc cbø` d`c uc tug`r lc uc `a` qul lstuvblr`c h puct` puct` kl `plrhrol y ho dhe` kl uc gls kl trhthgblct` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 pr`t`d`o` E), nhdl uc`s kçhs o`s k`dt`rls c` sl lxpobdhc qul ful o` qul phs`, puls lo cbø` kl 84 hø`s yh trhthk` d`c qubgb`s, lstuvblr`c h puct` kl herbrol oh dhelzh phrh lxtrhlr phrtl kl lstl tug`r y klsdhrthr qul lrh ghobmc`, hn`rh su phkrl gès trhcqubo` y su fhgbobh puls yh ol kblr`c p`r lsdrbt` qul lo tug`r klshphrldbô y qul s`o` nhy uch sbgpol gud`sbkhk kl o` qul loo`s vlçhc d`g` uc tug`r dhcdlrçmlc`… Kl phrtl kl su hgbm` Hrtur` @rk`ølz - Dhstlohc Glxbd` D.Y. ;4269 Fulctl1 l-ghbo lcvbhk` ho hut`r 4;6 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, bcdrlglcthck` bcdrlglcthck` oh t`gh h 4 go kl DKT kbsulot` lc 899 go kl hmuh 89 vldls ho kçh. Tl pulkl d`gebchr d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`c KGT@) hpobdhk` lc oh z`ch kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Kl c`dnl sl hpobdh lo pr`t`d`o` O (ehø`), sb ls p`sbeol. Lc lo dhs` kl qul slh uc tug`r ghobmc`, y tho d`g` t`k`s o`s pr`t`d`o`s kl dècdlr, pulkl slr hd`gphøhk` p`r bcfusb`cls kl hrtlgbsbh (Hrtlgbsbh hccuh) ‛< m ho kçh‛ y oh bcmlsth kl 8< m kl Jhohcdn`l khbmrlg`chch frlsdh. Ls lslcdbho slmubr uch kblth hklduhkh hcdhcdlrçmlch, ehah lc hzñdhrls y `trhs susthcdbhs qul hdbkbdhc lo dulrp`, y qul klel slr hkhpthkh, slmñc ohs dbrducsthcdbhs, h dhkh phdblctl. Ñodlrhs pâptbdhs (Nlobd`ehdtlr pyo`rb) \ch ñodlrh pâpdh ls uch olsbôc ` oohmh lc oh gud`sh qul rlduerl lo lstôghm` ` lo ku`klc`, qul ls oh prbglrh phrtl klo bctlsc` klomhk`. Oh dhush kl oh ñodlrh ls uc klslquboberb` lctrl o`s fhdt`rls hmrlsbv`s phrh oh gud`sh mhstr`ku`klcho y o`s klflcsbv`s, y lc homuc`s dhs`s klebk` h uch bcflddbôc dhushkh p`r oh ehdtlrbh Nlobd`ehdtlr pyo`rb. Tç1 K`o`r hek`gbcho (hrk`r, k`o`r ohdlrhctl ` slcshdbôc kl nhgerl k`o`r`sh). K`o`r c`dturc` lctrl ohs 85 y ohs 4 kl oh ghøhch. [1 F (H) — 82/89/85 N`oh Hckrlhs, [l dulct`1 lo gâkbd` qul c`s nbz` ohs hchoçdhs ls hgbm` gç` y c`s bcf`rgô hdlrdh kl o`s trhthgblct`s qul nheçh d`c hcebôd`s, âo gbsg` dhsuhoglctl thgebâc lcl Nlobd`ehdtlr pyo`rb y sl nh nldn` k`s kbflrlctls trhthgblct`s kl hcebôd`s. Lc hge`s dhs`s gl d`glctô qul nheçh qul lsplrhr uc gçcbg` kl = h 85 glsls phrh shelr o`s rlsuothk`s y qul c` nhy mhrhchs. Klspuâs kl yh k`s trhthgblct`s trhthgblc t`s y hchoçdhs y gès kl k`s hø`s âo t`khvçh lstè p`sbv`. p`sbv`. Lstuvbg`s vho`rhck` qul nhdlr y kldbkbg`s, thct` gb nlrghc` d`g` y`, eha` culstrh rlsp`cshebobkhk, rlsp`cshebobkhk, nhdlr lo Yr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 pr`t`d`o` E) kl GGT. 4;= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Lo trhthgblct` trhthgblct` o` lgplzhg`s h nhdlr aust` duhck` c`s kblr`c o`s rlsuothk`s (8;-96-85). C`s v`ovbg`s h nhdlr ohs prulehs ho shelr qul vlcçhs phrh khr oh d`cflrlcdbh, d`cflr lcdbh, y lo rlsuothk` ful o` gla`r1 ¡¡¡‟CLMH[BV@‗ ¡¡¡‟CLMH [BV@‗ klspuâs kl thc s`o` ; glsls!!! Fulctl1 l-ghbo lcvbhk` ho hut`r [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D ` lo pr`t`d`o` E d`g` hotlrchvh, kurhctl 4 h 6 glsls. Ñodlrhs vhsduohrls \odlrh vhsduohr ls uc p` kl ñodlrh pr`kudbkh p`r uc kldblctl fucdb`chgblct` klo sbstlgh vlc`s`, mlclrhoglctl lc ohs pblrchs. T`c oh prbglrh dhush kl olsbôc drôcbdh, rlprlslcthck` lctrl lo =9 y lo 29% kl âsths. Tulolc klshrr`oohrsl fuckhglcthoglctl fuckhglcthoglctl h o` ohrm` kl oh z`ch kbstho y glkbho kl oh pblrch. Nhy vhrb`s p`s kl ñodlrhs vhsduohrls (hrtlrbhols y vlc`shs). Klctr` kl ohs ñodlrhs vlc`shs lstèc ohs pr`kudbkhs p`r oh kbheltls y d`g` d`csldulcdbh lstè lo oohghk` ‟pbl/pblrch kbheâd`‗. Lo khø` lc o`s vhs`s shcmuçcl`s sbmcbdh thgebâc qul o`s pbls c` rldbelc sudblctl shcmrl y `xçmlc`, v`ovblck` gès kbdbo oh durhdbôc kl oohmhs l bcflddb`cls. Tç1 Fhoth kl rblm` shcmuçcl`, fhoth kl slcsbebobkhk, pblo sldh y hmrblthkh, hphrbdbôc kl hgp`oohs, bcflddbôc. pblo lckurldbkh y kl d`o`r r`a` `sdur`, g`rhk`, ghrrôc (lsth ls uch sløho kl qul oh shcmrl sl lstè rlprlshck`), pbdhzôc y n`rgbmul`. Fbm. ;<1 Lv`oudbôc klo trhthgblct` kl uc pbl kbheâd` d`c cldr`sbs. 4;> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; [1 Gç Dhs` kl pbl kbheâd` d`c cldr`sbs phrh slr hgputhk`, d`c f`t`s. Oh gla`rçh ls hs`ger`sh y c` ful cldlshrb` hgputhr. \c shouk` y culvhglctl mrhdbhs. Fbm. ;61 Yrbglr pohc` kl uc pbl kbheâd` d`c cldr`sbs, hctls y klspuâs klo trhthgblct`. Fulctl1 f`t`s lcvbhkhs ho hut`r [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` K (klrght`oômbd`) 5 ô 4 vldls ho kçh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`) kurhctl 4 glsls. Lc dhs`s mrhvls, sl rlqublrl nhdlr oh obgpblzh kl ohs nlrbkhs hklduhkhglctl. \vlçtbs Oh uvlçs ls oh bchghdbôc kl oh ñvlh, oègbch bctlrglkbh klo `a` sbtuhkh lctrl oh lsdolrôdh p`r fulrh y oh rlch p`r klctr`. Oh ñvlh hp`rth oh ghy`r phrtl klo sugbcbstr` h oh lstè Oh pbmglcthkh, y d`csth trls lstrudturhs1 lo brbs, lo shcmuçcl` dulrp` dbobhr y ohrlch, d`r`bkls. uvlçs ls uch kl ohs kl dhushs klo `a` r`a`. 4;2 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Tç1 Yhrphkl`s lxdlsbv`s, vbsbôc e`rr`sh, hoth slcsbebobkhk h oh ouz, k`o`r lc o`s `a`s, lc `dhsb`cls, slcshdbôc kl vlr ‟g`sdhs v`ohctls‗. [1 [ (Lø) N`oh, gb c`gerl ls [lrlsh, tlcm` <4 hø`s y vbv` lc Dèkbz (Lsphøh). D`c gb tlsg`cb` qublr` hp`rthr gb plqulø` mrhc` kl hrlch h tu ghrhvboo`s` ghrhvboo `s` trheha` d`c lo GGT. Nheçh lsthk` vblck` y olylck` bcf`rghdbôc s`erl lst`, y d`csbmubô klsplrthr lo sudblctl bctlrâs lc gç d`g` phrh kldbkbr pr`ehro`. Hø`s htrès nheçh phkldbk` rlughsg` bchght`rb` y vhrb`s lpbs`kb`s kl uvlçs qul sl sup`cl lsthehc rlohdb`chk`s: uc eulc kçh lstuvl o` ehsthctl klslsplrhkh d`g` phrh phshr kl oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho `trhs p`sbeols ‟tlrhpbhs‗ qul gl hyukhr hyukhrhc hc h suplrhr t`k` hqulo k`o`ry ylxpo`rhr sufrbgblct`. Y`r c` nhdlro` ohrm`, sôo` kldbr qul, trhcsbthck` lsl dhgbc`, d`gprlckç qul thc sôo` y` p`kçh shchrgl h gç gbsgh y qul rlhoglctl t`k`s p`klg`s nhdlro` duhck` s`g`s dhphdls kl slcr lsh dlrtlzh, y oolmô uc g`glct` lc qul y` gl slc shchkh. Hmrhklzd` d`c t`k` gb d`rhzôc ohs lxplrblcdbhs, lcsløhczhs, plrs`chs qul o` nbdblr`c p`sbeol, hucqul kle` kldbr qul c` d`csbklr` nhelr oolmhk` h cbcmuch phrtl, sbgpolglctl bctlct` hprlcklr kl t`k` hquloo` d`c o` qul sbct`cbz` y drl` qul pulkl hp`rthrgl hom`. Lc c`vblgerl klo hø` phshk` kldbkç pr`ehr lo GGT, d`c lo ècbg` kl obgpbhr gb `rmhcbsg` kl t`xbchs, glthols y duhoqublr `trh d`sh bcklslheol qul kç p`r nldn` hckhrçh puouohck` p`r gb `rmhcbsg` klspuâs kl thct`s hø`s kl bcd`csdblcdbh. y ‟dhsuhoglctl‗ gblctrhs lsplrheh rldbebr lo plkbk` klshrr`ooâ uch uvlçs lc uc` kl gbs `a`s. Tlc qul hquloo` lrh uch lspldbl kl ‟pruleh‗ y kldbkç lsplrhr y trhthroh sôo` d`c lo GGT. Yhrh duhck` lgpldâ h t`ghro` gb `a` lstheh lc uc lsthk` ohglctheol, bcdous` tlcçh yh oh vbsbôc e`rr`sh, plr` kl vlrkhk slc qul, gès hooè kl uch o`durh, hquloo` tlcçh uc pr`pôsbt`. [`gâ lo GGT slmñc lo pr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 pr`t`d`o` E) kurhctl 8; kçhs: d`c ohs prbglrhs k`sbs slc yh hobvb` lc oh bchghdbôc t`khvçh vlçh uc p`d` e`rr`s` y kldbkç sbgpolglctl lsplrhr h qul pukblrh rlduplrhr rlduplrhr lo lquboberb` p`r sç gbsg`, y hsç sudlkbô. Lst`y plrfldthglctl y qublr` d`gphrr lst` phrh khr lsplrhczh h qublc pulkh cldlsbthroh Kle` kldbr qul gl d`stô t`ghro`, lo she`r gl phrldçh n`rrbeol y sufrç kbhrrlhs gès ` glc`s, oh gbthk klo lgp`, plr` pukl d`gpr`ehr qul rlhoglctl fucdb`ch y gl phrldl ghrhvboo`s`. 4<9 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Hckrlhs, mrhdbhs p`r o` qul nhdls, p`r slr vhoblctl y p`r bougbchr oh [blrrh. \c herhz`, [lrlsh. Fulctl1 l-ghbo lcvbhk` ho hut`r [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` @ (`hog`oômbd`) lc d`cauct` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` d`g` hotlrchvh lo pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`). Vhmbc`sbs ehdtlrbhch ehdtlrb hch Oh vhmbc`sbs ehdtlrbhch ls oh bcflddbôc lc oh vhmbch dhushkh p`r uc p` kl ehdtlrbhs (mlrglc) oohghkhs hchlr`eb`s, duy` drldbgblct` lxdlsbv` klslquboberh oh `rh ehdtlrbhch kl oh z`ch y pr`v`dh oh bcflddbôc. Tç1 Foua` heuckhctl, trhcsphrlctl ` d`c d`o`r y, lc `dhsb`cls, d`c `o`r klshmrhkheol. [1 Y (Lø) — 55/4/88 Yr`t`d`o` 8< m`ths. Nhdl uc hø` ol kbhmc`sdhr`c vhmbcbs klebk` h oh glc`phusbh. Kurhctlkl 8 hø` g`ctôc klp`r trhthgblct`s d`c lo GGT klspuâs 6 ô =pr`eô kçhs oluc klshphrldbô d`gpolt`. sbc rlsuothk` y Fulctl1 nps1//y`utu.el/OX8mB2v`q<B [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E d`g` hotlrchvh lc d`cauct` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` V (vhmbcho) kurhctl lo lgp` kl 5 ô 4 glsls slmñc oh mrhvlkhk klo dhs`. 4<8 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Vhrbdls (bcsufbdblcdbh vlc`sh drôcbdh) Ohs vhrbdls, lcflrglkhk kl dhush klsd`c`dbkh y sbc s`oudbôc fhrghdâudh ldhz oh glkbdbchkl d`cvlcdb`cho, s`crlt`rc` kbohthdb`cls vlc`shs sl dhrhdtlrbz dhrhdtlrbzhc hc p`r ohp`r bcdhphdbkhk lstheoldlr uc ldhz kl oh qul shcmrl ho d`rhzôc (bcsudblcdbh vlc`sh). Ohs gès nhebtuhols s`c ohs kl ohs pblrchs. Tl pr`kudlc p`r uch hotlrhdbôc kl ohs vèovuohs vlc`shs, kbsp`sbv`s sbtuhk`s klctr` kl oh ouz kl oh vlch lc f`rgh kl uc k`eol cbk` kl m`o`ckrbch qul plrgbtl lo ua` ucbkbrlddb`cho kl oh shcmrl lc kbrlddbôc ho rlt`rc` dhrkçhd` y, h su vlz, bgpbkl lo rlua` kl lsth h oh plrbflrbh (rlua` vlc`s` rltrômrhk`). rltrômrhk`). Ohs vhrbdls sl f`rghc duhck` ohs vèovuohs vlc`shs c` dblrrhc eblc, lct`cdls oh shcmrl d`gblczh h hduguohrsl lc ohs vlchs, nhdblck` qul sl kbohtlc. Tç1 Ohs ghcbflsthdb`cls doçcbdhs gès d`gucls s`c1 plshklz kl pblrchs, hphrbdbôc kl vhrbdls d`c vlchs vbsbeols, lklgh, nbcdnhzôc, hphrbdbôc kl k`o`r, dhohgerls, slcshdbôc kl hd`rdnhgblct hd`rdnhgblct`. `. Lc fhsls gès hvhc hvhczhkhs zhkhs kl oh lcflrglkhk pulklc hphrldlr ñodlrhs vlc`shs, klrghs `drl (`sdurldbgblct` kl oh pblo), ` lo shcmrhk` lc vhrbdls d`gpobdhkhs. [1 F T (Lø) [l qublr` d`glcthr qul t`gâ GGT kurhctl uchs ;/< slghchs: lgpldâ d`c 89/85 m`ths hdvhkhs y ho cho lrhc 56/5> y o` t`gheh d`c · o kl hmuh y lc ; t`ghs slmubkhs, (sb lgplzheh h ohs ; thrkl, puls `trh h ohs <, h ohs 6 y h ohs =) lo k`o`r kl r`kboohs y hrduohdb`cls nh gla`rhk` uc p`qubt`, plr` gb s`rprlsh ful duhck` uc kçh gl aâ lc gbs pblrchs y vb qul dhsb nhc klshphrldbk` ohs vhrbdls qul tlcm` kl t`kh oh vbkh (d`c 82 hø`s yh gl shdhr`c uch mrhck`th). C` sl nhc bk` klo t`k`, plr` sl vlc suplr eblc y lstèc eohckbths, suplr gla`rhkhs, gl qulkâ bgprlsb`chkh p`rqul d`c lst` c` d`ctheh, tl o` d`gphrt` p`r sb pulkl slrvbr h homublc… Fulctl1 l ghbo lcvbhk` ho hut`r [rhthgblct`1 trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh bckbdhk` lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr pr`t`d`o` D ` E d`g`\c hotlrchvh, d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` J (pblo d`cloKGT@). 4<5 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Vlrrumhs vçrbdhs Ohs vlrrumhs s`c uc p` kl olsbôc kl oh pblo qul pulkl tlclr kbvlrshs f`rghs y hphrldlr lc kbsct`s oumhrls klo dulrp`. Hucqul lc mlclrho c` s`c plobmr`shs y sulolc g`olsthr gès eblc p`r uch dulsôc lstâdh, d`cvblcl rlvbshrohs y trhthrohs, s`erl t`k` duhck` s`c k`o`r`shs ` lstèc sbtuhkhs lc z`chs slcsbeols. Tç1 Y`r o` mlclrho s`c bck`o`r`s l bc`flcsbv`s ` dhushr pbdhzôc ` k`o`r. Klplckblck` klo oumhr, oumhr, pulklc rlsuothrg`olst rlsuothrg`olst`s `s p`r su hphrblcdbh`bcdôg`k`s. C 1 D`g` lxbstlc gudn`s p`s kl vlrrumhs kl kbflrlctls dhushs yh slhc vçrbdhs ` kl kbflrlctl çck`ol, lo DK fucdb`ch lc ghy`r ` glc`r mrhk`. Tl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr guy eulc`s rlsuothk`s s`erl t`k` lc gudn`s p`s kl vlrrumhs vçrbdhs bcdoubk` lo VYN. [1 A G M (D) — 88/88/88 Eulc`, kle` d`glczhr kbdblck` qul hkqubrç lo pr`kudt` p`r lo d`cvlcdbgblct` kl qul slmurhglctl lrh guy eulc` klspuâs kl `eslrvhr o`s vbkl`s klo slø`r Hckrlhs jhodjlr, lc R`utuel (rld`gblck` flrvblctlglctl qul o`s gbrlc). Gb bctlrâs eèsbd` lrh uobzhro` h ghclrh kl ghctlcbgblct`, ghctlcbgblct`, t`ghck` < ` 6 m`ths kbhrbhs: h vldls klsdhcshck` p`r uch slghch. O` qul gl oohgô oh htlcdbôc ful qul klspuâs kl kblz kçhs kl d`csugbro`, c`tâ qul uchs vlrrumhs qul tlcçh lc gb klk` hcuohr klrldn`, klskl nhdl gès kl 49 hø`s, sl lgplzhr`c h v`ovlr gès plquløhs y h o`s 8< kçhs nheçhc klshphrldbk` p`r d`gpolt`. Tôo` p`kçh htrbeubr lo rlsuothk` ho GGT, yh qul duhck` gl hphrldblr`c ohs vlrrumhs, bctlctâ, kl gudnhs ghclrhs, qubthrohs plr` cucdh pukl, hsç qul sbgpolglctl gl `ovbkâ klo hsuct`. Olylck` s`erl lstl pr`eolgh sl kbdl qul gudnhs vlrrumhs s`c klebkhs h vbrus, o` qul vlckrçh h d`rr`e`rhr oh dhphdbkhk klo GGT kl d`ctr`ohr lst`s gbdr``rmhcbsg`s. Oolv` uobzèck`o` sôo` uc`s glsls, hsç qul t`khvçh lst`y lvhouèck`o`, plr` d`c slmurbkhk d`ccuhrâ d`csugbâck`o`. D`g` kht` bctlrlshctl, uc hgbm` ho qul sl o` rld`glckâ phrh qul o` pr`ehrh d`ctrh lo gho hoblct`, o` d`ctr`oh t`thoglctl d`c s`o` trls m`ths kbhrbhs. 4<4 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh ¡Âxbt` t`tho! Lsplr` qul rlsuothk`s d`g` lst`s, hcbglc h ohs plrs`chs h hkqubrbr ` prlphrhr lstl pr`kudt` phrh elcldb` pr`pb` ` kl sus hoolmhk`s. Fulctl1 nps1//ggsohc`hglrbdh.w`rkprlss.d`g/tlsg`cb`s/ [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` d`g` hotlrchvh lo pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`). Lc dhs` kl tlclr vlrrumhs rlsbstlctls, sl pulkl hpobdhr uch m`th kl do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@5) pur` trhs rhsdhr oh suplrdbl kl oh vlrrumh (sbc pr`kudbr shcmrhk`). Nhy qul pr`durhr qul c` t`qul oh pblo shch d`obckhctl h oh vlrrumh (c` ls cldlshrb` obgpbhr p`stlrb`rglctl d`c hmuh). Klahr qul hdtñl dhushck` oh lobgbchdbôc kl oh vlrrumh h trhvâs kl su hot` pN kl 84. Tôo` sl lcl qul hpobdhr uch vlz y h o`s 59 kçhs nhebtuhoglctl klel nhelr klshphrldbk`. VBN/TBKH Lo vbrus kl oh bcguc`kldblcdbh nughch (VBN) ls lo ‟supulsthglctl‗ ‟supulsthglctl‗ vbrus qul dhush lo TBKH. Duhck` uch plrs`ch sl bcfldth d`c VBN, lo vbrus hthdh y klebobth ho sbstlgh bcgucbthrb`. H glkbkh qul lo sbstlgh bcgucbthrb` sl klebobth, oh plrs`ch qulkh lc rblsm` kl d`ctrhlr bcflddb`cls y dècdlrls qul pulklc slr g`rthols. Duhck` lst` sudlkl, oh lcflrglkhk sl oohgh TBKH. \ch vlz qul uch plrs`ch lcl lo vbrus, lstl plrghcldl klctr` klo dulrp` kl p`r vbkh. Lc dhs`s kl sbkh hvhczhk`, hvhczhk`, oh dhush kl gulrtl sulol slr lo d`ohps` klo sbstlgh bcgucl y lo shrd`gh kl Jhrp`sb qul durb`shglctl sulol lsthr hd`gphøhk` kl bcflddb`cls phrhsbthrbhs… Tç1 Klplckblck` kl oh fhsl lc oh qul sl lcdulctrh oh lcflrglkhk, o`s sçct`ghs pulklc slr kbsct`s. O`s prbglr`s sçct`ghs klo VBN pulklc bcdoubr nbcdnhzôc kl ohs moèckuohs kl oh mhrmhcth, hxboh ` bcmol. @tr`s kl o`s sçct`ghs s`c1 lerl, k`o`rls kl dhelzh, dhcshcdb` y k`o`r gusduohr, qul pulklc kurhr sôo` homuchs slghchs. Oulm` c` sl `eslrvhc sçct`ghs kurhctl gudn`s hø`s. O`s sçct`ghs klo TBKH hphrldlc lc uch lthph gès hvhczhkh kl oh lcflrglkhk ‟supulsthglctl‗ dhushkh p`r lo vbrus (VBN). Tl `eslrvh uc sbstlgh bcguc`oômbd` khøhk`, y oh plrs`ch pulkl prlslcthr hhs, bcflddb`cls vhmbchols, lcflrglkhk pâovbdh 4<; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; bchght`rbh drôcbdh, plrç`k`s kl dhcshcdb` lxtrlg` ` sbc dhush hphrlctl, pârkbkh kl pls`, fhdbobkhk phrh phkldlr nlght`ghs, plrç`k`s kl t`s sldh, pr`fuckh y plrsbstlctl, huglct` kl oh kbduothk phrh rlspbrhr, lrupdb`cls dutèclhs frldulctls ` bcusuhols, d`cfusbôc, dhgeb`s lc oh plrs`chobkhk ` kbsgbcudbôc kl ohs dhphdbkhkls glcthols. [1 VBN (8)1 K. [ [ E ([ ([z) z) ], q vv VBN+ D`c`dç h ]boobhg nhdl horlklk`r kl uc hø` lc ohs dhools kl Gus`gh, uc plqulø` puleo` h `rboohs klo ohm` Vbdt`rbh, lc [hczhcbh. Âo pl plkçh d`gbkh Z… Z…W c` c`s lc lctlrhg`s kl kl qul tlcçh lo lo vb vbrus VBN VBN Z…W. O ` bcvbthg`s h vlcbr h oh dbukhk h oh `dbch qul kbrbmbg`s1 Mo`eho Uls`urdl Hoobhcdl (MUH). Nheçhg`s prlslcthk` pr`mrhgh kl hp`y` h o`s nuârfhc`s lc oh z`ch klskl nhdl `dn` hø`s lc lsl uc g`glct`. ]boobhg ful bcvbthk` h ucbrsl h oh ‟[ughbcb jwh ]ht`t`‗ (Lsplrhczh phrh o`s Cbø`s) qul pr`vll d`gbkh, r`ph, mhst`s kl lkudhdbôc y dubkhk` kl oh shouk, hsç d`g` uch d`gucbkhk kl dlrdh kl <9 cbø`s qul sl lcdulctrhc lc lo d`gpulst` MUH t`k`s o`s sèehk`s phrh aumhr ho fñte`o, ehbohr, t`dhr oh ehtlrçh, kbeuahr y nhdlr `trhs d`shs kbvlrkhs auct`s. ]boobhg vbc` h gç uc kçh kl flerlr` kl lstl hø` y gl kba` qul sl slch guy lcflrg`. [rhs uch slghch kl c` slcrsl eblc ful ho ohe`rht`rb` phrh d`gpr`ehr y klsduerbô qul tlcçh lerl f`bklh. D`c lerl hoth, k`o`rls kl dhelzh y k`o`rls lc t`khs phrtls kl su dulrp`, y p`r c` nhelr k`rgbk` kurhct kurhctll gudnhs c`dnls, cldlsbtheh hyukh. Ol `frldç y ol lcsløâ h ushro`. Ol plkç qul v`ovblrh ho kçh sbmublctl phrh v`ovlr h lvhouhr su d`ckbdbôc. Ho kçh sbmublctl, su tlgplrhturh v`ovbô h oh c`rghobkhk, sl nheçh k`rgbk` t`kh oh c`dnl y lo k`o`r d`rp`rho ful dhsb klshphrldbk`. Tus k`o`rls kl dhelzh nheçhc kbsgbcubk`, hucqul slmuçhc prlslctls. Tl slch guy hmrhkldbk` p`r lo GGT y sl holmrô kl slmubr uobzèck`o`. Klspuâs kl lstl ghrhvboo`s` rlsuothk` y p`r su hplrturh h d`ccuhr ushck` GGT, ol prlslctâ lo Yr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 pr`t`d`o` E) s`erl lo qul Abg Nugeol lstheh nheohck` lc oh wle. R` ol kbal qul Abg nheçh lsthk` trhthck` h oh mlctl lc Èfrbdh qul lrhc VBN+ y, klspuâs kl trls ` duhtr` slghchs kl us` d`ccu` kl GGT, fulr`c rlduplrhck` su shouk. Z…W Lc su dhs`, yh qul âo lrh plqulø`, d`glczhg`s d`c uch m`th, hdvhkh d`c èdbk` dçtrbd`, dhkh n`rh. Yhrh gb klolbtl, âo o` t`gô lc slrb` y sbmubô lo pr`mrhgh p`r su dulcth. Ulmrlsô h oh `dbch dhkh p`d`s kçhs y su shouk d`ccuô gla`rhck` c`theolglctl. 4<< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [uvl qul hehck`chr lo phçs phç s klspuâs kl uch slghch slg hch ` k`s, plr` gl pr`glô qul beh h br ho n`spbtho phrh d`gpr`ehr su lsthk` kl VBN+. Lc gb prôxbg` vbhal h [hczhcbh lc hm`st` kl lstl hø`, o` v`ovlrâ h `etlclr o`s rlsuothk`s rlsuoth k`s kl su pruleh. o`dho bcf`rgô rldblctlglctl kl qul guyCulstrh eblc y sltrhehahk`rh sblctl guys`dbho hmrhkldbk` p`r oh gla`rh kl su shouk qul]boobhg lo GGTlstè nh dhushk`. Fulctl1 np1//thrheohsd`.d`g/tlsg`cbhos/ VBN (5)1 F (D) — 52/=/85 Fub kltldthk` d`c VBN lc lo 599;, lcd`ctrèck`gl lcd`ctrèck`gl lc guy ghohs d`ckbdb`cls d`c ehahs klflcsh klflcshs, s, bcbdbhck` trbtlrhpbh. Yhshk` uc lgp` sufrç kl bcsudblcdbh rlcho drôcbdh tlrgbcho, p`r o` duho sl gl hpobdô kbèobsbs plrbt`clho, thgebâc sl klshrr`ooô uch nlphs E y uch p`obclur`phh p`obclur`ph h slvlrh, hklgès kl `trhs plquløhs pht`o`mçhs. Hclx` h t`khs ohs tlrhpbhs, eusquâ glkbdbch hotlrchvh (m`rm`a`s, eb`ghmclsg`, ltd.) o`s duhols gl hyukhr`c gudn` y gl herblr`c oh glctl h `trhs p`sbebobkhkls y lc lsl dhgbc` gl lcd`ctrâ d`c homublc qul gl nheo` klo GGT l bcglkbhthglctl qubsl pr`ehro` y ful hom` gèmbd`. D`glcdâ lo kçh 2 kl kbdblgerl klo 5988 d`c lo pr`t`d`o` 8999 (7 pr`t`d`o` E) klspuâs kl uch slghch gb lsthk` hcçgbd` dhgeb`, sbcâck`gl gudn` gla`r d`c lo ècbg` p`sbv`, klspuâs kl 6 glsls gl t`ghr`c o`s lxèglcls ruchrb`s (K; + dhrmh vbrho). Gb s`rprlsh ful mrhckl ho oolmhr o`s rlsuothk`s…, t`k`s lsthehc guy eulc`s d`gphrhk`s d`c kl o`st`ghr hctlrb`rls1 lrhc uc >9% gla`rls. Hkauct` gbs lxèglcls kl hctls y klspuâs lo GGT. Fulctl1 np1//www.ggsohc`hglrbdh.d`g/tlsg`cb`s-p`r-lsdrbt`-kl- durhdb`c-klvhrbhs-lcflrglkhkls-d`c-lo-ggs/ C 1 Oh lcflrglkhk klo TBKH ls fulctl kl gudnhs p`oâgbdhs y y` gl nl tlcbk` qul lcfrlcthr gudnhs vldls h kbflrlctls bklhs, d`g` oh kl qul lo vbrus c` lxbstl, qul oh bcvlsmhdbôc klo sbkh ls uc frhukl, ltd., y kle` hkgbr qul nhy gudnhs gès bcd`cmrulcdbhs. Abg kba` lc su ober` qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` durh lo sbkh. Tblct` tlclr qul kldbr qul c` ls thc sbgpol. Lc prbglr oumhr, nhy plrs`chs qul lcflrghc y sl nh p`kbk` vlr qul hpobdhck` lo pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`) (hcmu` pr`t`d`o` 8999) gla`rhc kl tho ghclrh qul pulklc v`ovlr ho trheha` y nhdlr vbkh c`rgho. Tbc lgehrm` lo 4<6 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; gâkbd` subz` Kr. Tdnustlrlklr klg`strô ‛trhehahck` d`c lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc oh Ulpñeobdh Dlctr`hfrbdhch duhck` nbdblr`c o`s hcèobsbs d`c lo Bcstut` Yhstlur‛ qul lc o`s phdblctls rldbâc trhthk`s, ehahr`c o`s DK; y sl bcdrlglctô oh dhrmh vbrho, kbsphrèck`sl kl ghclrh lxhmlrhkh. Tu s`rprlsh ful, qul duhck` v`ovbô h vlr h o`s phdblctls h oh slghch sbmublctl, t`k`s nheçhc gla`rhk` kl f`rgh lspldthduohr. Lsth bcd`cmrulcdbh ol dhusô gudnh d`cfusbôc lc uc prbcdbpb`, plr` pulkl slr lxpobdhkh kl tho ghclrh qul duhck` lo kbôxbk` hdtñh klctr` klo pohsgh shcmuçcl` lcd`ctrhck` dâouohs èdbkhs pr`eheolglctl ohs dâouohs DK; bcfldthkhs klo NBV s`c gès èdbkhs lc târgbc`s kl pN y p`r o` thct` lo kbôxbk` lobgbch o`s olud`dbt`s bcfldthk`s ‟kl ghclrh sloldvh‗ klahck` o`s shc`s qul oolvhc uc pN hklduhk` sbc t`dhr. D`g` d`csldulcdbh rlvblcthc ohs dâouohs DK; obelrhck` mrhc dhckhk vbrho h oh shcmrl, plr` lst`s vbrus c` lstèc hdhehk`s y fârols, pr`eheolglctl p`rqul lo kbôxbk` nh hfldthk` o`s dèpsbkls p`r `xbkhdbôc. Y`r o` thct` c` pulklc bcfldthr `tr`s DK; kl culv` y lo dulrp` d`c lo lgp` (duhtr` h slbs glsls) o`s lobgbch kl rblm` shcmuçcl`. Lc p`stlrb`rls lstukb`s kl shcmrl sl nh p`kbk` d`gpr`ehr oh c`rghobzhdbôc kl hge`s klspuâs kl uc`s glsls. O` gbsg` pulkl phshr lc glc`r mrhk` lc oh nlphs D. [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` lo pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`) y d`gebchro` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` N (nhebthdbôc) kl c`dnl. Tl pulkl hpobdhr thgebâc lo pr`t`d`o` J (d`rp`rho d`c KGT@). Homuchs plrs`chs nhc uobzhk` thgebâc lo pr`t`d`o` R (bcylddbôc kl DKB) d`c guy eulc`s rlsuothk`s lc lsthk`s hvhczhk`s. hvhczhk`s. Vbrus kl Lpstlbc-Ehrr (dbt`glmho`vbrus) Lo vbrus kl Lpstlbc-Ehrr (herlvbhk` VLE) f`rgh phrtl kl oh fhgbobh kl o`s nlrpls vbrus (bcdouyl lo vbrus klo nlrpls sbgpol y lo dbt`glmho`vbrus). Ls oh ghy`r dhush kl oh g`c`cudol`sbs hmukh bcflddb`sh. Tç1 nhy sbct`ght`o`mçh, sl uc prlslcth uch fhrbcmbs d`c `Duhck` sbc hgbmkhobs. Tbc lgehrm`lc lco`s o`scbø`s, hkuot`s, =<% kld`g` o`s dhs`s prlslcth g`c`cudol`sbs bcflddb`sh, o` qul sbmcbdh qul thrkhrè lctrl ; h 6 slghchs lc ghcbflsthr sçct`ghs trhs oh bcflddbôc. Lst`s sçct`ghs s`c1 fhmh, gholsthr y gbhombh, y gès thrkl lerl c` guy hoth y k`o`r kl mhrmhcth. 4<= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [1 GÇ D Ve (H) Kr. Jhodjlr, ls uc n`c`r phrh gb, kbrbmbrgl h ustlk d`c oh chobkhk kl d`glcthrol h g`k` kl tlsg`cb` oh lxplrblcdbh qul ol t`dô phshr h gb nba` lo hø` phshk`. Tu c`gerl ls Dbr` Holahckr` Yhckbhcb. D`rrçh flerlr` klo hø` phshk`, duhck` lgplzô h tlclr lerl guy hoth qul c` dlkçh y mhrmhcth d`c pohdhs guy bgp`rthctls. Lgpblzh uc plrbpo` p`r lo p`obdoçcbd` kl Vbooh Glrdlkls (pr`vbcdbh kl Thc Oubs, Hrmlcch), c` nheçh dhs`, kçh h kçh sl klebobtheh. D`c 5< hø`s sl d`cthmbô nhsth kl g`c`cudol`sbs. O`s duov`s kl shcmrl c` lsthehc eblc y oohgheh oh htlcdbôc qul pr`kudçh thcsbg`s moôeuo`s eohcd`s plr` klfldtu`s`s. Z…W sblck` uc n`gerôc kl 8,24 gltr`s y plshck` gès kl 899 jm ho g`glct` kl lcflrghrsl. Oolmô h glkbhk`s kl ghrz` nheblck` ehahk` 5= jm y c` pukblck` sbqublrh dhgbchr. Lo 8= kl ghrz`, vh sl rlpbtlc ohs hchoçdhs (ohs nhdçhc slghchoglctl). Lct`cdls gl kbdlc1 ‟[u nba` lcl ho`ahk` lc oh gâkuoh kl su d`ougch uc vbrus qul sl oohgh ‟Dbt`glmho`vbrus‗ y ls uc ebdn` qul c` sl vh, ls gès, sb sbmul d`g` vh sbc dlklr hctls chkh, lcl lxpldthvhs kl vbkh kl gèxbg` trls glsls. Ho oolmhr h dhsh, uc hgbm` kl âo oohgh y gl kbdl1 ‟d`c DKT sl durh lc uch slghch‗. Ho sbmublctl kçh trhl lc uch e`tloobth uch k`sbs d`g` phrh trls ` duhtr` kçhs. Z…W H phrr kl hnç, s`o` gla`rô y ho prôxbg` lstukb` kl ohe`rht`rb` ful s`o` y dhgbchck` (89 duhkrhs). d uhkrhs). Lo 56/94/8< lstheh hsbct`gèd` hsbct`gèd` y c` rlhdv`. O`s gâkbd`s c` p`kçhc drllr y gl kbalr`c1 ‟ghgè kl Dbr`, nhmh hom` phrh hmrhkldlr p`rqul lst` c` o` vb cucdh‗. Fbm. ;>1 Ulsuothk`s kl ohs hchoçdhs rlhobzhkhs ho phdblctl. Dbr` c` v`ovbô gès ho p`obdoçcbd`, c` qubs`. Hn`rh lstè plshck` horlklk`r kl 899 jm `trh vlz. V`y h hd`gphøhr d`c f`t`s kl o`s hcèobsbs. 4<> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; Khrçh duhoqublr d`sh p`r khrol ohs mrhdbhs plrs`choglctl d`c uc herhz` thc fulrtl qul sbrvh phrh khrol ècbg`s y c` h`al. Fulctl1 l-ghbo lcvbhk` ho hut`r [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh lstl dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` lo pr`t`d`o` E (eèsbd`) kurhctl lo lgp` kl 8 h 5 glsls slmñc mrhvlkhk klo dhs`. D`g` hotlrchvh, thgebâc sl pulkl uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` Q (zhpplr) qul nh khk` eulc`s rlsuothk`s hkbdb`chols lc dhs`s kbdbols. Vbtbobm` Lo vbobm` ` vbobm` (olud`klgbh) ls uch lcflrglkhk kl oh pblo lc oh qul o`s glohc`dbt`s (ohs dâouohs rlsp`csheols kl oh pbmglcthdbôc) s`c klstrubk`s p`r lo pr`pb` sbstlgh bcgucl, klahck` hsç kl pr`kudbr glohcbch y, p`r thct`, `dhsb`chck` z`chs kl oh pblo d`c pârkbkhs kl pbmglct` ` ghcdnhs gès eohcdhs qul lo d`o`r klo rlst` klo dulrp`. Hucqul hdtuhoglctl c` nhy uch durh klcbvh phrh lsth lcflrglkhk, sç lxbstlc trhthgblct`s d`c o`s qul sl pulkl hodhczhr uc hot` p`rdlcthal kl âxbt` lc oh rlpbmglcthdbôc kl ohs z`chs hfldthkhs, fuckhglcthoglctl hquloo`s duyh ehsl tlrhpâudh ls uch glt`k`o`mçh kl us` kl oh ouz uotrhvb`olth \VE, lspldçdh phrh lsth pht`o`mçh. Tç1 Hphrbdbôc lc duhoqublr z`ch klo dulrp` kl ghcdnhs eohcdhs, qul sulolc slr kl f`rgh dbrduohr y kl kbsct`s thghø`s, qul d`ctrhsthc d`ctrhsthc d`c lo d`o`r c`rgho kl pblo kl oh plrs`ch, ho slr kl d`o`r gudn` gès dohr`. Hphrldlc d`c gès hsbkubkhk lc ghc`s, pbls, r`kboohs, d`k`s, r`str` y d`c glc`s frldulcdbh lc mlcbthols, lsphokh, t`rs`, pblrchs y erhz`s. Tb lc oh z`ch nhy vloo`s, lst`s sl vulovlc eohcd`s. [1 A (LL. \\.) — 86/=/8; 86/=/8; [rhth vhrbhs lcflrglkhkls d`c DKT, lctrl loohs lo vbobm`, qul pulkl slr hprldbhkh lc oh pbmglcthdbôc lcl lc oh pblolokl oh dhrh. 4999 Rh lgpblzh h shchr, plr`eohcquldbch thgebâc vhqul h pr`ehr nhdlr pr`t`d`o` (7pr`t`d`o` J) phrh qul slh hñc gès ldhz. Fulctl1 np1//y`utu.el/w^BEUqb;-TB 4<2 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` lc lstl dhs` slrçh lo pr`t`d`o` K (klrght`oômbd`) d`gebchk` d`c loRpr`t`d`o` (pblo d`cbcyldthck` kgs`) y thgeblc sb c` nhy rlspulsth d`c lo pr`t`d`o` (bcylddbôcJkl DKB) pñstuohs suedutèclhs y oh hpobdhdbôc kl slsb`cls kl ouz \VE lspldbdh lc oh z`ch. Vbrus klo Yhpbo`gh Nughc` (VYN) Lo vbrus klo phpbo`gh nughc` ls uc vbrus d`gñc qul sulol dhushr vlrrumhs. Tl d`c`dlc gès kl 899 p`s kl VYN y oh ghy`rçh phrldlc bc`flcsbv`s, plr` hpr`xbghkhglctl uc 49 % sl hs`dbhc d`c uc ghy`r rblsm` kl tlclr dècdlr. O`s p`s kl VYN qul ‟supulsthglctl‗ sl trhcsgbtlc slxuhoglctl d`rrlsp`cklc h k`s dhtlm`rçhs1 • O`s VYN kl eha` rblsm`, o`s duhols c` dhushc dècdlr plr` pulklc dhushr vlrrumhs lc kbscths z`chs kl oh pblo. • O`s VYN kl hot` rblsm`, rblsm`, o`s duhols pulklc dhushr dècdlr. Tç1 Hucqul ls hsbct`gèd`, h vldls pr`kudl1 brrbthdb`cls d`csthctls lc oh lctrhkh kl oh vhmbch d`c hrk`r y slcshdbôc kl qulghkurh kurhctl ohs rlohdb`cls slxuhols (sl klc`gbch vuov`kbcbh). [hgebâc oh f`rghdbôc kl plquløhs vlrrumhs lc lo èrlh hc`mlcbtho1 dârvbx, vhmbch, vuovh y urltrh (lc gualrls) y plcl, urltrh y lsdr`t` (lc vhr`cls). Yulklc vhrbhr lc hphrblcdbh (vlrrumhs pohchs c` vbsbeols ` hdugbchkhs y vbsbeols), cñglr` y thghø` p`r o` qul sl cldlsbth kl oh hsbstlcdbh kl uc lspldbhobsth phrh su kbhmcôsd`. [1 Tz — 49/9;/8; Nhdl uc`s hø`s, gb c`vbh lgplzô lgplzô h t`ghr GGT. Looh lcl vhrb`s pr`eolghs. Gblctrhs thct` d`glczô d`c lo pr`t`d`o` kurhctl uch slghch ` k`s. Dhkh vlz qul tlcçh rlohdb`cls slxuhols lrh guy k`o`r`s` … ls` ful klspuâs kl uc`s hø`s kl c` tlclr rlohdb`cls slxuhols. Nheçh tlcbk` uch nbstlrldt`gçh uc`s kblz hø`s hctls kl ls`. Hsç qul, ful ho mbcldôo`m` y ol nbz` uch pruleh kl Yhphcbd`oh`u. Tl v`ovbô d`c dècdlr hvhczhk` lc su vhmbch. Ol nbdblr`c thgebâc uch eb`psbh y d`g` rlsuothk` ¡lo vbrus kl VYN! Lo k`dt`r qulrçh qul looh tuvblrh uc vhmbcldt`gçh (lxrphdbôc t`tho kl vhmbch!!! Cucdh `çk` nheohr kl ls`… qul behc h d`rthr y d`slr oh vhmbch phrh 469 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` ; hrrbeh! Y`r supulst`, looh c` qulrçh nhdlro`, lcl gudn` gblk`. D`glcthr`c qul lo dècdlr lstheh dhsb trhvlshck` kl oh phrlk kl oh vhmbch y qul beh h g`rbr sb c` sl nhdl kl f`rgh bcglkbhth. Kl t`k`s g`k`s, looh d`glczô h ohs kudnhs vhmbchols d`c o`s GGT l bcmbrblck` thgebâc m`ths `rhoglctl. Klspuâs kl uch slghch ` k`s kl qul, hklgès kl homuc`s tâs kl nblrehs y `trhs d`shs, pbkbô `trh pruleh klo VYN. Lo Kr. kba` qul c`, qul hñc cldlsbtheh lo trhthgblct`. Gb hgbm` eusdô p`r t`kh oh dbukhk phrh lcd`ctrhr `tr` k`dt`r yh qul nhrçh `trh pruleh klo vbrus. (Rh qul looh lstheh lc lo sbstlgh, kbrçhc qul ‟lcl qul nhdlr o` qul lo k`dt`r kbmh‗). Fbchoglctl lcd`ctrô uc gâkbd` qul ol nbdblrh oh pruleh y kba` qul lrh uc dhs` olvl. V`ovbô h su k`dt`r y ol pbkbô `trh eb`psbh, ¡p`r supulst` kba` qul c`! Fbchoglctl (klspuâs kl gudn` bcsbsr) hddlkbô h nhdlr oh eb`psbh kl culv`, hsç qul gb hgbm` rldbebô uch oohghkh tlolfôcbdh kl oh rldlpdb`cbsth lc oh d`csuoth klo k`dt`r kbdblck` qul oh eb`psbh ¡¡¡kheh clmhvh y qul looh yh c` tlcçh dècdlr!!! Lo k`dt`r c` tue` ohs hmhoohs phrh oohghr plrs`choglct plrs`choglctl. l. T`spldn` qul duhck` lgplzô lo trhthgblct` d`c lo GGT, lo vbrus ho lsthr lc rlgbsbôc klspuâs kl oh slghch ` k`s kl ohs m`ths, lgplzô h shobr d`c t`kh su fulrzh lc lo g`glct` kl oh pruleh kl Yhphcbd`o Yhphcbd`oh`u. h`u. Hsç qul lsplr` qul lsth bcf`rghdbôc slh kl hyukh lc su vbhal h oh shouk. Gudnhs elckbdb`cls, Fulctl1 np1//ggstlsg`cbhos.bs/dhcdlr [rhthgblct`1 \c trhthgblct` bckbdhk` phrh dhs` slrçh uobzhr lo pr`t`d`o` D (DKT) ` E (eèsbd`) d`g` hotlrchvh y lo pr`t`d`o` V (vhmbcho) d`gebchk` d`c lo pr`t`d`o` M (mhs - lc oh z`ch hfldthkh, lc dhs` kl tlclr vlrrumhs) kurhctl 8 ` 5 glsls, slmñc mrhvlk m rhvlkhk hk klo dhs`. * * * 468 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh 465 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g D < D`g` prlphrhr DK (kbôxbk` kl do`r`) Lc lstl hphrthk` sl lxpobdh dôg` prlphrhr lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ho lso` Abg Nugeol, qul o` ehuzô GGT. R` o` oohg` DK p`r qul lo hdvhk`r ls èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` guy rlehahk` y p`r sus sbmohs lc bcmoâs qul sbmcbdhc ‟Dno`rbcl Kb`xbkl‗. Lo Do@5 ls uc mhs qul sl mlclrh ho glzdohr lo do`rbt` sôkbd` y uc èdbk`. Lo gla`r hdvhk`r ls lo èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` rlehahk` ho ;%, qul ls gudn` gla`r qul èdbk` dçtrbd` y ls lo gbsg` qul tlclg`s lc culstr` lstôghm` p`r chturholzh. °Dôg` sl nhdl0 Lo DK sl glzdoh d`c lo hdvhk`r lc rlohdbôc 818 \c phdj d`clcl k`s e`tloohs, uch kl do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@5 ho 5<%) y `trh kl èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` rlehahk` (NDo ho ;%). Ho glzdohr hgehs susthcdbhs h phrtls bmuhols, sl clutrhobzhc h uc rlsuothk` kl hpr`xbghkhglctl hpr`xbghkhglctl pN < sb uobzhg`s lo NDo ND o ho ;%, høhkbâck`ol hmuh. Oh d`cdlctrhdbôc klo 5<% ` klo 5>%, c` ls uc bckbdhk`r kl oh dhobkhk klo do`rbt` sôkbd`. O` qul bgp`rth ls qul tlcmh uch dhckhk kl do`rht` bmuho ` bcflrb`r ho 8% y qul oh ehsl (lxdbpblctl) slh kl dhre`cht` sôkbd` y c` kl cbtrht` sôkbd`. 464 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Tbgpolglctl rlprlslcth uobzhr p`stlrb`rglctl, ho hdvhr, uch m`th gès ` uch m`th glc`s klo pr`kudt`. O` qul bgp`rth, ls lo mhs qul sl mlclrh. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul lo DK nhdl uch slmuckh rlhddbôc lc lo lstôghm`, obelrhck` gès mhs kbôxbk` kl do`r`, plr` ho ushr èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` (NDo ho ;%), sblck` lo gbsg` èdbk` qul tlclg`s lc lo lstôghm` lc uch d`cdlctrhdbôc guy ehah, lsth rlhddbôc slduckhrbh ls suhvl y ño, sb sl qublrl d`cslmubr uc lfldt` pr`o`cmhk` pr`o`cmh k` lc lo lgp`. Ho gbsg` lgp` c` dhush thct`s lfldt`s slduckhrb`s d`g` kbhrrlh ` cèuslhs, rlp`rthk`s ho uobzhr lo èdbk` dçtrbd`. °Y`r quâ èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` y c` dçtrbd` d`g` hdtbvhk`r0 \obzhr èdbk` dçtrbd` ho <9% ls klcbvhglctl klghsbhk` fulrtl y c` sl klelrçh uobzhr lc uc mrhk` suplrb`r ho 44%, ` bcdous` glc`s. Lo èdbk` dçtrbd`, hklgès, fhv`rldl lo drldbgblct` kl uch ehdtlrbh `p`rtucbsth oohghkh Dbtr`ehdtlr , qul sl cutrl klo dbtrht` s`erhctl kl oh rlhddbôc. C` qublr` kldbr hquç qul c` fucdb`cl lo èdbk` dçtrbd`, sbgpolglctl sl nh qulkhk` klsfhshk` lc lo lgp` y c` ls ôpg`, sblck` su rlhddbôc lc d`cdlctrhdb`cls ehahs guy olcth, y lc d`cdlctrhdb`cls hoths, drlh lfldt`s slduckhrb`s c` klslhk`s. Ho glzdohr hge`s (do`rbt` y èdbk` do`rnçkrbd`) sl mlclrh lo mhs Do@ 5, qul lcl uc d`o`r hghrboo` k`rhk`. Oh kurhdbôc kl lsth rlhddbôc ls kl hpr`xbghkhglctl lctrl 49 slmuck`s y uc gbcut`, plr` vhrçh slmñc oh tlgplrhturh klo hgeblctl y ls gès rèpbk` lc z`chs kl gès dho`r y gès olct` duhck` nhy frç`. \ch vlz `etlcbk` lo d`o`r k`rhk`, oh s`oudbôc lstè obsth phrh slr kboubkh d`c hmuh. Nhebtuhoglctl sl uobzh 899 go kl hmuh phrh uch k`sbs kl trls m`ths hdvhkhs (sbmcbdhc 4 m`ths kl do`rbt` y 4 m`ths kl hdvhk`r). Tl pulkl ushr gès hmuh, plr` lc dhgeb` c` sl klel rlkudbr klghsbhk` oh dhckhk bckbdhkh hctlrb`rglctl, p`rqul d`c glc`s hmuh, lo she`r pulkl g`olsthr, y sldhr oh mhrmhcth, klahck` uch slcshdbôc èsplrh. Oh rlpldbôc kl plquløhs k`sbs, kh gla`rls rlsuothk`s qul k`sbs mrhckls lc oh ghøhch y ho hthrkldlr. Tl nh klg`strhk` qul k`sbs plquløhs hkgbcbstrhkhs hkgbcbstrhkhs h glcuk`, nhsth uch vlz dhkh n`rh, s`c mlclrhoglctl gès ldhdls qul mrhckls k`sbs hkgbcbstrhkhs uch ` k`s vldls ho kçh. Lst` ls eèsbdhglctl p`rqul c` bgp`rth sb ls uch dhckhk mrhckl ` plquløh, kl t`khs ghclrhs sl d`cvblrtl lc `xçmlc` y sho kl glsh lc su ghy`rçh, lc sôo` uch ` k`s n`rhs. Tb lstè t`ghck` mrhckls mrhckls k`sbs kl DK sôo` p`r oh ghøhch y p`r oh c`dnl, DK slmubrè obgpbhck` lo dulrp` kl gbdr`eb`s y kl oh ghy`rçh kl o`s phtômlc`s. Tbc lgehrm`,, d`c uch k`sbs gès plquløh plr` d`ccuh, sl bgpbkl oh rlpr`kuddbôc lgehrm` kl phtômlc`s, lspldbhoglctl kl vbrus. 46; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` < Oh glzdoh sl kbouyl sblgprl lc hmuh, prlflrbeolglctl frlsdh k`ckl lo mhs sl qulkh htrhphk`. O`s aum`s ` zug`s pulklc lobgbchr oh ldhdbh p`r `xbkhdbôc lspldbhoglctl o`s dçtrbd`s. Rh qul oh s`oudbôc `xbkhrçh d`c o`s èdbk`s klo zug`, lc oumhr kl nhdlro` d`c o`s phtômlc` phtômlc`ss klo dulrp`. Dô DKT (~4999 7 9,4%) Lo DKT, tho d`g` lstè klsdrbt` lc lo dhpçtuo` 4 (pr`t`d`o` D), d`csbstl lc eureualhr lo mhs, qul sl klsprlckl duhck` sl glzdoh lo kbôxbk` d`c duhoqublr èdbk` ho kboubrsl lc hmuh frçh ` sulr` sb`oômbd`. y klebk` h qul ls guy s`oueol, sl qulkh htrhphk` d`o`rlhck` lo hmuh ` sulr`, kl uc d`o`r hghrboo`. Oh prbcdbpho vlcthah ls, qul sl pulkl uobzhr duhoqublr hdvhk`r, d`g` p`r lalgpo` èdbk` dçtrbd`, `etlcblck` uc rlsuothk` prèddhglctl sbc she`r klshmrhkheol, c` pr`kudblck` kbhrrlhs, cb fhv`rldblck` oh pr`obflrhdbôc `p`rtucbsth kl oh ehdtlrbh Dbtr`ehdtlr, qul sl cutrl klo dbtrht` sôkbd`. [hgebâc ls p`sbeol (plr` c` rld`glckhk`) uobzhr dhobkhkls bcflrb`rls bcflrb`rls kl do`rbt` sôkbd` (dhobkhk bckustrbho) yh qul ho prlphrhr lo DKT, DK T, s`ohglctl sl uobzh lo mhs, qulkhck` o`s rlsbku`s lc lo rldbpblct rldbpblctll kl rlhddbôc (lc oh glzdoh) qul c` sl uobzhc lc lo trhthgblct`. Oh f`rgh fèdbo y slmurh kl nhdlr DKT Yrbcdbphoglctl, nhy k`s f`rghs kl prlphrhr DKT1 ) D <9% (F. ;2) (sb c` nhy èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` ho ;% kbsp`cbeol) 8. Lc uc thrr` kl drbstho kl 9,< o d`c 5<9 go kl hmuh otrhkh ` klsohkh sl d`o`dh uc vhs` plqulø` d`c 89 go kl do`rbt` sôkbd` ho 5<% hdvhk` d`c 89 go kl èdbk` dçtrbd` ho <9% sbc qul sl glzdolc d`c lo hmuh. 5. Tl dblrrh nlrgâdhglctl d`c oh thph kl drbstho kurhctl 85 n`rhs y sl muhrkh lc uc hrghrb`. 4. \ch vlz tlrgbchk`, lcfrbhg`s lo oçqubk` lc lo frbm`rçd` y sl oolvh ho lxtlrb`r phrh shdhr lo vhsbt` klo d`cdlctrhk` sbc klrrhghr. (¡C@ ULTYBUHU LO MHT!) MHT!) ;. Lo hmuh sl nh vulot` hghrbooh y lstè obsth obsth d`g` d`cdlctrhk` d`cdlctrhk` kl DKT. <. Lstl d`cdlctrhk` p`stlrb`rglctl sl kbouyl d`c hmuh, slmñc bckbdhk` lc lo pr`t`d`o` pr`t`d`o` D. 46< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Fbm. ;21 Yrlphrhdbôc kl DKT d`c èdbk` dçtrbd` d`g` hvhk`r. hvhk`r. ) D ;% (F. <9) 8. Lc uc thrr` kl drbstho kl 9,< o d`c 5<9 go kl hmuh otrhkh ` klsohkh sl d`o`dh uc vhs` plqulø` (d`g` sb fulrh ‟ho ehø` ghrçh) d`c < go kl do`rbt` sôkbd` ho 5<% hdvhk` d`c < go kl èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` ho ;% sbc qul sl glzdolc d`c lo hmuh. 5. Tl dblrrh nlrgâdhglctl d`c oh thph kl drbstho kurhctl 85 n`rhs y sl muhrkh lc uc hrghrb`. 4. \ch vlz tlrgbchk`, lcfrbhg`s lo oçqubk` lc lo frbm`rçd` y sl oolvh ho lxtlrb`r phrh shdhr lo vhs` klo d`cdlctrhk` sbc klrrhghr. (¡C@ ULTYBUHU LO MHT!) MHT!) ;. Lc lo lxtlrb`r sl herl y sl sustuyl (d`c lo gbsg` hmuh klo thrr`) p`r `tr` vhs` plqulø` kl < go kl do`rbt` sôkbd` ho 5<% y < go kl èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` ho ;%, ;% , lc lo gbsg` thrr`. <. Tl dblrrh nlrgâdhglctl d`c oh thph kl drbstho kurhctl `trhs 85 n`rhs y sl muhrkh lc uc hrghrb`. 6. Lo hmuh sl nh vulot` hghrbooh y lstè obsth obsth d`g` d`cdlctrhk` d`cdlctrhk` kl DKT. =. Lstl d`cdlctrhk` p`stlrb`rglctl sl kbouyl d`c hmuh, slmñc bckbdhk` lc lo pr`t`d`o` D. 466 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` < Fbm. <91 Yrlphrhdbôc kl DKT d`c èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` d`g` hvhk`r. hvhk`r. C 1 Nhy plrs`chs qul sl prlmucthc sb c` ls o` gbsg` nhdlro` kl uch s`oh vlz d`c 89 go lc vlz kl lc k`s vldls (< go + < go - k`eol bcfusbôc), bcfusbôc), plr` c` ls o` gbsg`, yh qul c` oolmh h nhdlr oh sudblctl d`cdlctrhdbôc cho kl 4999 ppg (phrtls p`r gbooôc). Yr`dlkbgblct` klthoohk`1 8. D`o`dhr uc vhs` kl drbstho p` ‟dnupbt`‗ ‟dnupbt`‗ klctr` klctr` kl `tr` thrr` klo gbsg` ghtlrbho, kl hpr`xbghkhglctl hpr`xbghkhglctl 9,< obtr`s, d`c dblrrl nlrgâd`. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul duhct` glc`s hbrl lxbsth lc lo thrr` y duhct` gès mrhckl slh oh suplrdbl klo drbstho k`ckl sl nhdl oh glzdoh, gla`r. gla`r. Yhrh lo rldbpblctl, rld`gblck` o`s thrr`s kl d`cslrvh d`c thph kl drbstho. \ch thph kl gltho c` slrçh oh hklduhkh yh qul sl `xbkhrçh lc lo pr`dls`. Tb sl uobzh lstl p` kl dblrrl, klel lcv`ovlrsl oh thph lc poèsd`, y hslmurhrsl oulm` kl dlrrhro` eblc. Nhy qul lvbthr oh ouz s`ohr kbrldth lc lo pr`dls`, yh qul lo oçqubk` ls rlhdv`. 46= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh 5. Tlmubkhglctl sl oolch oolch lo thrr` kl drbstho drbstho d`c 5<9 go kl hmuh frçh. Tl pulkl pulkl uobzhr hmuh klsohkh, otrhkh ` thgebâc hmuh gbclrho yh qul lo rlsuothctl DKT c` sl pulkl d`cthgbchr d`c ehdtlrbhs, ho slr uc klsbcfldthctl. Lo hmuh kl mrbf` c` ls rld`glckheol klsbcfldthctl. rld`glckheol,, p`rqul d`clcl do`r` y `trhs susthcdbhs, qul p`krçhc rlhddb`chr d`c lo kbôxbk`, glrghck` su ldhdbh. Ho phrldlr sl ghclcl gla`r h ohrm` pohz` lc hmuh klsohkh. 4. Tl glzdohc < go kl do`rbt` sôkbd` ho 5<% d`c oh gbsgh dhckhk kl hdvhk`r kl NDo ho ;% lc uc vhs` plqulø`, obgpb` y sld`. Lo vhs` lcl qul slr kl e`dh lstrldnh phrh qul qulph lc lo thrr` kl drbstho (dnupbt`, vbc`, ltd…). ;. Y`stlrb`rglc Y`stlrb`rglctl, tl, lstl vhs` sl bctr`kudl klctr` klctr` klo thrr` kl drbstho qul d`clcl 5<9 go kl hmuh, tlcblck` dubkhk` qul c` klrrhghr oh glzdoh lc lo hmuh (nhy qul d`o`dhro` d`g` sb fulrh ho ehø` ghrçh). Tl dblrrh oh thph bcglkbhthglctl, pr`durhck` qul qulkl o` gès nlrgâdhglctl <. p`sbeol. Tl ghclcl oh glzdoh kurhctl 85 n`rhs lc uc sb` `sdur`, h tlgplrhturh hgeblctl. 6. Klspuâs kl ohs 85 n`rhs (lo hmuh klo thrr` lcl qul tlclr lo gbsg` d`o`r klo oçqubk` klo vhs` plqulø`) sl p`cl lo thrr` d`c lo vhs` ‛sbc klrrhghr‛ klctr` klo frbm`rçd` phrh qul sl lcfrçl. \ch vlz lcfrbhk` (5 ô 4 n`rhs) sl rlpbtl lo gbsg` pr`dls` (p`r ls` sl oohgh ‟k`eol bcfusbôc‗). =. Tl oolvh ho lxtlrb`r lxtlrb`r (eblc vlcohk`) vlcohk`) herblck` oh thph thph y d`c lo gbsg` hmuh klo thrr` sl sustuyl lo vhs` kl drbstho (klctr` klo thrr`) p`r `trh culvh glzdoh kl < go kl do`rbt` sôkbd` hdvhk` d`c `tr`s < go kl NDo ho ;%. >. Tl muhrkh lo frhsd` `trhs `trhs 85 n`rhs lc lc uc hrghrb`. Duhck` hge`s oçqubk`s lclc lo gbsg` d`o`r d`o`r,, sl nh tlrgbchk` lo pr`dls`. 2. Hctls kl herbr, herbr, lcfrbhro` lc lo frbm`rçd` (5 ô 4 n`rhs). Tl rlrh (lc lo lxtlrb`r) lo vhs` klo thrr` lcfrbhk` d`c dubkhk` kl c` klrrhghr. R 4999 (7 9,4%). ◀ Lo DKT h 4999 4999 ppg ppg (7 9,4%) sblgprl sl muhrkh lc clvlrh ` sb` frlsd`. ◀ Lo hmuh lcrbquldbkh klo mhs, mhs, oh oohghg`s DKT. ◀ Lo DKT nldn`, sl muhrkh muhrkh prlflrbeolglctl prlflrbeolglctl lc lc uch e`tlooh fhrghdâudh fhrghdâudh kl drbstho kl d`o`r ègehr p`rqul lcl oh e`dh ghs lstrldnh. Kl lsth ghclrh sl ah lo mhs lc lo hmuh y sl lvbth oh lxdlsbvh lvhp`rhdbôc ho herbro`. ◀ Lo d`o`r klo hmuh klel klel slr hn`rh kl uc uc hghrboo` fulrtl, lqubvholct lqubvholctll ho d`o`r klo hdlbtl kl mbrhs`o. Lo d`o`r c`s bckbdh oh d`cdlctrhdbôc, duhct` 46> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` < gès fulrtl lo hghrboo`, gès d`cdlctrhk` lstè. Lo puct` kl shturhdbôc nhebtuhoglctl ls kl horlklk`r kl 4999 ppg qul sbmcbdh lo 9,4%. Lc târgbc`s tâdcbd`s s`c 4 m kl mhs p`r obtr` (8999 m) kl hmuh. Y`klg`s d`gpr`ehro` d`c rhs kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` Oh G`l® p` 4995. C@ BCNHOHUO@ KBULD[HGLC[L! °Dô 4999 , q <99 ppg0 [lclg`s qul kboubr lo DKT klo thrr` 812, ls kldbr uch phrtl DKT y culvl phrtls kl hmuh klsohkh. Tb lc lsth glzdoh bctr`kudbg`s oh rh kl pruleh y `etlclg`s uc vho`r kl 499 sbmcbdh qul t`k` lo pr`dls` nh sbk` ôpg`. Lc lo dhs` kl qul c` d`csbmhg`s oh d`cdlctrhdbôc, sbgpolglctl høhkbg`s gès DKT h oh t`gh kbhrbh, phrh d`gplcshr. D`g` kl duhoqublr f`rgh sl lgpblzh d`c uch k`sbs ehah y sl suel pr`mrlsbvhglctl h uch d`cdlctrhdbôc dôg`kh phrh dhkh plrs`ch, c` ol kl thcth bgp`rthcdbh h d`cslmubr oh gèxbgh d`cdlctrhdbôc, sbgpolglctl, sb ls gès kâebo, sl t`gh uc p`d` gès. Yhrh t`k`s hquloo`s qul c` lclc rhs phrh glkbr oh d`cdlctrhdbôc, sl pulkl bckbdhr qul lo d`o`r klo DKT kl 9,4% (4999 ppg) ls lqubvholctl ho d`o`r klo hdlbtl kl mbrhs`o. \ z 1 Tl oolvh lo vhs` ho lxtlrb`r v`odhck` lo rlst` (pr`kudt` kl oh glzdoh kl ohs k`s susthcdbhs) lc uch vblah e`tlooh kl poèsd` kl hmuh kl glkb` obtr` y sl høhkl hmuh nhsth lo e`rkl phrh kboubr. Lsth glzdoh sl pulkl uobzhr lc oh d`dbch phrh klsbcfldthr trhp`s, ghklrh kl d`rtl, ` klahro` heblrt` lc lo frbm`rçd` k`ckl lvhp`rh olcthglctl klsbcfldthck` lo bctlrb`r, bgpbkblck` qul oh vlrkurh y oh fruth sl lcg`nlzdhc, pr`o`cmhck` oh vbkh kl o`s hobglct`s y hn`rrhck` kbclr`. Oh vlcthah kl nhdlr DKT kl lsth ghclrh ls qul ls guy fèdbo y slmurh, oh klsvlcthah klsvlc thah ls qul sl uobzh gudn` gès do`rbt` phrh d`cslmubr uch d`cdlctrhdbôc hoth klo 9,4% klo DKT. 462 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Oh f`rgh gès pr`flsb`cho y lfbdhz kl nhdlr DKT Yhs` h klsdrbebr oh f`rgh dhslrh kl d`g` nhdlr DKT kl ghclrh pr`flsb`cho, d`c p`d`s rldurs`s, qul lo ghtlrbho klos`erlt`k` ohe`rht`rb`plcshkh ls dhr`. phrh mlctl d`c Lsth f`rgh kl yh prlphrhr DKT lstè d`c`dbgblct`s tâdcbd`s eèsbd`s y ls gudn` gès rèpbkh y ldhz, yh qul rlqublrl guy p`d` lgp` y hklgès sl hn`rrh ehsthctl do`rbt` lc lo pr`dls`. Duhct` gla`r nldn`, gès mrhckl ls lo hn`rr` y oh ldhdbh. Y`r o` thct`, o`s vho`rls klo do`rbt` h uobzhr, c` slrçhc o` gès bgp`rthctl, sbc` qul klplckl kl dôg` sl nh rlhobzhk` oh glzdoh. O` qul ho cho ls bgp`rthctl ls oh shturhdbôc kl oh e`tlooh rldlpt`rh. Yhrh lst` sl d`gpruleh oulm` oh d`cdlctrhdbôc d`c ohs rhs, ` gla`r, d`c uch plquløh gèqubch kbmbtho kl d`gpr`ehdbôc kl kbôxbk` kl do`r`, qul ls gudn` gès prldbsh qul ohs rhs kl d`gpr`ehdbôc. Tl rld`gblckh nhdlro` sblgprl lc lxtlrb`rls, lxtlrb`rls, yh qul pulkl nhelr uch klhmrhdbôc lc dhs` kl qul nhyh uch `estruddbôc lc o`s tue`s kl sbobd`ch uobzhk`s y lo mhs sl d`gprbgh p`r lcdbgh klo 89%. Lo plobmr` c` ls thct` oh klhmrhdbôc sbc` oh bcnhohdbôc ghsbvh, klebk` h oh mrhc dhckhk kl do`rbt` qul nhy lc lo rldbpblctl, lc dhs` kl qul nhyh uc lrr`r ` hom` vhyh gho. Yhrh prlphrhr prlphrhr DKT d`c lsth tâdcbdh, sl rlqublrl lo sbmublctl ghtlrbho1 ghtlrbho1 8. Frhsd` phrh glzdohr glzdohr (rlhdt`r). (rlhdt`r). Lo gès hklduhk` ls uc rldbpblctl rldbpblctl rlhdt`r rlhdt`r nlrgâd` (uc e`re`tlhk`r kl drbstho kl ohe`rht`rb` ls ôpg`, plr` thgebâc sl pulklc ushr e`tloohs kl poèsd` YL[ sb c` nhy `trhs. (vlr m. <4: pèm. 4=5) 5. E`tlooh kl hmuh (rldlpt`r) 5 ô 4 rldbpblctls rldlpt`rls d`c hmuh frçh (uc rldlpt`r kl drbstho kl ohe`rht`rb` ls ôpg`, plr` thgebâc sl pulklc ushr e`tloohs kl poèsd`). (vlr m. <4: pèm. 4=5) 4. E`geh kl hbrl phrh hduhrb` (Tl muhrkh muhrkh lc uc rldbpblctl rldbpblctl nlrgâd` phrh qul c` shomh lo mhs). Y`r o` thct` nhy qul nhdlr hmualr`s lc lo rldbpblctl phrh qul shomh lo tue` kl sbobd`ch klskl oh e`geh kl hbrl. (vlr m. <4: pèm. 4=5) ;. [ue`s kl sbobd`ch kl 6 gg (¡bgp`rthctl1 Klel slr sbobd`ch y c` YVD! Yhrh d`gpr`ehr, klel prlcklr d`c uc gldnlr` lo tue` — oh sbobd`ch c` sl qulgh. <. \ch puczhk`rh ` er`dh kl thohkr` kl < gg. (vlr m. <8: pèm. 4=8) Yrlphrhdbôc1 8. Lc oh thph klo frhsd` kl oh glzdoh (rlhdt`r) sl nhdlc 5 hmualr`s d`c oh puczhk`rh ` oh er`dh klo thohkr`, o` gbsg` lc oh e`tlooh klo hmuh 4=9 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` < rldlpt`rh. (vlr (vlr m. <8) C`th1 Tb s`o` sl vh h nhdlr DKT lc uch e`tlooh rldlpt`rh, c` ls cldlshrb` nhdlr 5 hmualr`s lc oh thph, d`c uc` ls sudblctl. 5. Tl phshc 5 tue`s kl sbobd`ch1 5.8. Kl oh e`geh kl hbrl ho frhsd` kl oh glzdoh (rlhdt`r) lo tue` sl gltl h trhvâs kl uc` kl o`s hmualr`s kl oh thph kl oh e`tlooh rlhdt`rh nhsth lo f`ck`. 5.5. Lo slmuck` tue` sl phsh p`r lo `tr` hmualr` kl oh thph kl oh e`tlooh rlhdt`rh (uc`s 5 dg) nhsth lo f`ck` kl oh e`tlooh rldlpt`rh rldlpt`rh kl DKT (h trhvâs kl uc` kl o`s hmualr`s kl oh thph). Fbm. <81 Lalgpo` kl oh f`rghdbôc kl uc hmualr` lc uch thph kl poèsd`. 4. Tb nhy uch slmuckh e`tlooh e`tlooh rldlpt`rh, rldlpt`rh, sl d`cldth uc tlrdlr tue` p`r lo slmuck` hmualr` kl oh prbglrh e`tlooh rldlpt`rh, phshck` uc`s 5 dg sbc qul t`qul lo oçqubk` nhsth lo f`ck` kl oh sbmublctl e`tlooh rldlpt`rh (sb oh nueblrl) ` eblc phrh qul sl oolvl lo mhs s`erhctl. ;. \ch vlz kl tlclr t`k` lo ghtlrbho ghtlrbho obst`, obst`, sl p`cl lc ghrdnh oh e`geh kl hbrl phrh vlr qul t`k` lo g`cthal dblrrl nlrgâdhglctl y qul c` nhyh pârkbkhs cb qul lstâ `estrubkh oh ghcmulrh, yh qul oh `estruddbôc pulkl slr dhush kl uch klhmrhdbôc c` klslhkh. <. Tlmubkhglctl sl p`clc 5< go kl do`rbt` + 5< go kl hdvhk`r lc lo rldbpblctl rlhdt`r y sl dblrrh bcglkbhthglctl, p`cblck` lc ghrdnh oh e`geh kl hbrl kl hduhrb` phrh eureualhr lo mhs nhdbh o`s rldbpblctls rldlpt`rls. 6. Klspuâs kl uc rht` lo oçqubk` kl oh e`tlooh rlhdt`rh sl kld`o`rh dhsb d`gpolthglctl, d`gpolthglc tl, sbmcbdh qul lo pr`dls` nh chobzhk`. 4=8 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Fbm. <51 Kbsp`sbv` phrh pr`kudbr DKT. =. Klspuâs sl rlpbtl d`c glc`s do`rbt`, do`rbt`, phrh shturhr shturhr thgebâc ohs e`tloohs e`tloohs rlsthctls. Tl klel d`gpr`ehr p`stlrb`rglctl oh glzdoh phrh lsthr slmur` kl qul oh d`cdlctrhdbôc slh kl 4999 ppg, qul s`c 9,4%. Lc dhs` qul fulrh kl gès, o` p`klg`s kboubr d`c hmuh klsohkh nhsth tlclr oh d`cdlctrhdbôc klslhkh, lc dhs` qul fulrh kl glc`s, p`klg`s rlplr lo pr`dls` phrh d`cslmubr gès d`cdlctrhdbôc. Fbm. <41 Bklcdhdbôc kl o`s d`cstuylctls klo kbsp`sbv` phrh oh `etlcdbôc kl k l DKT. 4=5 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` < D`g` prlphrhr DKB (kbôxbk` kl do`r` bcyldtheol) Lo DKB lstè plcshk` phrh slr bcyldthk` s`erl t`k` lc hcbghols, k`ckl oh bcmlsôc ls kbdbo ` lc bgp`sbeol. [hgebâc slr ño lc dhs` kl lglrmlcdbh, sb c`s lcd`ctrhg`s uch z`ch ola`s klpulkl duhoqublr dbukhk u n`spbtho, trhs uch pbdhkurh vlclc`sh yh slh kl slrpblctl, slrp blctl, hrhøh, lsd`rpbôc lsd`r pbôc ` kl uch rhyh vlclc`sh. vlclc`sh. C 1 Lo nldn` kl bcyldt bcyldthr hr duhoqublr susthcdbh lc nughc`s, lstè rlslrvhk` h pr`flsb`chols kl oh glkbdbch y c` klel slr prhddhk` p`r plrs`chs sbc d`c`dbgblct`, h c kl lvbthr pr`eolghs dhushk`s p`r uc trhthgblct` lrrôcl`. [hgebâc sl pulkl hpobdhr kbrldthglctl horlklk`r y klctr` kl ohs g`rklkurhs kl uc hcbgho shovhal, yh qul kl lsth ghclrh sl lobgbch uch pr`eheol bcflddbôc d`c mrhvls d`csldulcdbhs, d`csldulcdbhs, sb sl lstè ola`s kl n`spbthols, ` kl dlctr`s kl htlcdbôc gâkbdh. Oh d`cdlctrhdbôc uobzhkh kl DKB pulkl slr kl <9 h 899 ppg (9,99<% 9,98%) y lc dhs`s mrhvls kl bct`xbdhdbôc p`r slrpblctl ` sbgbohr, sl pulkl lolvhr oh d`cdlctrhdbôc, slmñc ohs dbrducsthc dbrducsthcdbhs. dbhs. N v f DKB 8. Tl uobzh lo gbsg` pr`dls` qul lo klsdrbt` hctlrb`rglctl lc oh fherbdhdbôc klo DKT. Tbgpolglctl uobzhck` sulr` sb`oômbd` shobc`, lc vlz kl hmuh klsohkh. 5. Tb uobzh lo DKT, p`r dhkh 899 go kl kboudbôc kboudbôc lc hmuh kl DKT sl høhkl 8 m kl sho (9,2 m phrh slr lxhdt`) lxhdt`).. Gl nhc rlsuothk` guy ñols ohs e`osbths plquløhs kl sho, yh qul oolvhc 8 m y lsthck` ola`s kl ohs dbukhkls, ls kbdbo ` bgp`sbeol lcd`ctrhr sulr`. C` nhy qul prl`duphrsl klghsbhk` p`r oh lstlrbobkhk, yh qul lo gbsg` DKT ls sblgprl 899% lstârbo. ◀ Lc hcbghols ghgçflr`s ghgçflr`s lctrl <9 y >9 jbo`s, nlg`s p`kbk` d`gpr`ehr d`gpr`ehr qul bcyldthck` < go lc uch e`osh kl sulr` shobc` kl 5<9 go y sugbcbstrèck`sloh ho hcbgho, c` nlg`s tlcbk` lfldt`s hkvlrs`s lc cbcmñc dhs`, y sl nh p`kbk` huglcthr bcdous` h 89 go, sbc pr`eolghs ghy`rls. H phrr kl 8< go pulkl hphrldlr uch brrbthdbôc vlc`sh. Yhrh rlkudbr oh brrbthdbôc vlc`sh, p`klg`s høhkbr 4-< go kl KGT@. ◀ Yhrh oh uobzhdbôc kbrldth lc alrbcmh kl ghclrh suedutèclh ` bctrhvlc`sh kl oh d`cdlctrhdbôc gèxbgh, sbc dhushr khø` lc lo tlabk`, sl nh p`kbk` lstheoldlr horlklk`r kl 899 ppg qul lqubvholc ho 9,98%. ◀ Lo pN ôpg` ls kl =,4. C` sl pulkl uobzhr uobzhr ebdhre`cht` d`g` thgpôc (thgp`chr uch s`oudbôc sbmcbdh oolvhroh h uc lsthk` kl lquboberb` kl pN) 4=4 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh lc dhs` qul lo pN slh klghsbhk` eha`, hsç qul sl pulkl bcdrlglcthr lo pN sb ls cldlshrb`, d`c uch guy plquløh dhckhk klo gbsg` do`rbt` sôkbd` qul lcl uc pN 84 y ls guy hodhobc`. ◀ \obzhck` oh e`osh kl sulr` sulr` c` nhy pr`eolghs, klebk` klebk` h oh ghy`r kbs`oudbôc. Lo m`tl` ôpg` ls horlklk`r kl trls m`ths p`r slmuck`. H DK shobc`1 lsth ls uch f`rgh fèdbo y rèpbkh kl drlhr DKB bcyldtheol phrh uch sbtuhdbôc kl lglrmlcdbh, slh k`ckl slh1 cldlsbthg`s <99 go kl sulr` shobc`, uch alrbcmh mrhckl kl 89 h <9 go, do`rbt` sôkbd` ho 5<% y uc èdbk` qul pulkl slr NDo (èdbk` do`rnçkrbd`) ` èdbk` dçtrbd`. D`g` sôo` uobzhg`s lo mhs, oh bgp`rthcdbh ls glc`r. Y (8)1 8. Y`clg`s oh hmuah lc lc oh alrbcmh, d`c lo pr`tldt`r pr`tldt`r pulst`. pulst`. 5. Thdhg`s lo pbstô pbstôc c fulrh kl oh alrbcmh y p`clg`s 6 m`ths m`ths kl do`rbt` sôkbd` ho 5<%, gès `trhs 6 m`ths klo èdbk` lc oh alrbcmh heblrth. 4. Bctr`kudbg`s lo pbstôc aust` phrh thphr klahck` uc lsphdb` k`ckl sl pulkl drlhr lo mhs kl kbôxbk` kl do`r`. ;. Khg`s oh vuloth h oh alrbcmh d`c oh hmuah nhdbh hrrbeh y p`klg`s hprldbhr dôg` sl lstè drlhck` lo mhs kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc lo lsphdb` lcdbgh klo pbstôc. <. Klspuâs, p`klg`s qubthr qubthr oh pr`tlddbôc kl oh hmuah hmuah y oh bctr`kudbg`s bctr`kudbg`s lc oh e`osh kl sulr` shobc`. Tôo` bctr`kudbg`s lo mhs, sbc qul lo oçqubk` lctrl lc oh e`osh. e`osh. 6. Klahg`s oh hmuah pulsth shdhck` shdhck` oh alrbcmh, klahck` klahck` lctrhr hbrl phrh phrh qul sl pulkh mlclrhr gès mhs kl kbôxbk`. =. Lct`cdls p`klg`s rld`cldthr rld`cldthr oh hmuah y oh alrbcmh alrbcmh y v`ovlr v`ovlr h bctr`kudbr lo mhs qul sl nh drlhk` lc lo lsphdb` kl oh alrbcmh, sbc p`clr lo oçqubk`. L , <9 899 , , O G® 4995. Y < KGT@ , KGT@ . >. Ho rlst` klo oçqubk` oçqubk` kl oh alrbcmh, alrbcmh, ol p`klg`s høhkbr høhkbr hmuh y ushro` d`g` klsbcfldthctl klsbcfldt hctl kl suplrdbls ` bcstruglct`s. 4=; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` < Y (5)1 @trh f`rgh kl nhdlro` ls kbrldthglctl kl alrbcmubooh h alrbcmubooh k`ckl uch ls lo rlhdt`r d`c oh glzdoh y oh `trh ls lo rldlpt`r d`c d `c lo sulr` shobc`. Fbm. <;1 Yhshal klo mhs kbôxbk` kl do`r` h uch s`oudbôc kl sulr` shobc` ushck` alrbcmuboohs. °Xuâ ls gla`r1 DK, DKT, DKN, Do`rbt` sbc hdtbvhr0 Gudnh mlctl gl prlmucth duèo ls oh gla`r f`rgh kl t`ghr lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` y hquç p`r bctlrclt lcd`ctrhg`s lcd`ctrhg`s gudnçsbghs f`rghs kbscths qul pulklc d`cfuckbr. Oh rlspulsth ls guy fèdbo1 t`khs fucdb`chc. Oh dulsôc ls qul nhy suesthcdbhs ` glzdohs gla`rls slmñc oh hpobdhdbôc y o` bgp`rthctl ls lctlcklr dôg` fucdb`ch lo mhs lc lo dulrp`. d ulrp`. Nhy qul rlghrdhr qul oh ldhdbh klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls klebkh h su lxtrlgh dhphdbkhk kl plcltrhr lc tlabk`s y gud`shs p`r slr uc mhs. Lo do`rbt` sôkbd` ls uc oçqubk` gès klcs` y c` lcl lsth dhphdbkhk kl plcltrhdbôc, p`r loo` prbglr` lcl qul rlhddb`chr hctls kl p`klr oolmhr ho tlabk` pr`fuck`: hklgès nhy cuglr`shs prulehs dblcdhs kl su ldhdbh d`g` klsbcfldthctl k`ckl lo kbôxbk` sblgprl nh sbk` suplrb`r ho do`rbt` lc târgbc`s kl lobgbchdbôc kl phtômlc`s, yh slhc vbrus, n`cm`s ` ehdtlrbhs. Tôo` lo kbôxbk` plcltrh lc gud`shs ` eb`og k`ckl sl pulklc lsd`cklr o`s phtômlc`s dhushctls s`erl t`k` kl lcflrglkhkls kbdbols kl lrrhkbdhr. Lo do`rbt` cldlsbth prbglr` hdbklz phrh d`cvlrrsl lc kbôxbk` kl do`r` y sb c` nhy, c` fucdb`ch bmuho. 4=< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh C`th1 Lc homuc`s sb`s kl bctlrclt sl klc`gbch do`rbt` sbc hdvhr h oh C`th1 glzdoh kl do`rbt` kl s`kb` d`c rlfrlsd`s èdbk`s. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul lst`s rlfrlsd`s lc rlhobkhk hdvhc lo do`rbt` p`r su pN èdbk` y p`r o` thct` lo târgbc` ‟sbc hdvhr‗ c` ls d`rrldt`. DK (GGT) [blcl uch prbglrh rlhddbôc ho glzdohr d`c lo èdbk` k`ckl lo mhs qulkh htrhphk` lc oh m`th kl oh rlhddbôc y uch slmuckh rlhddbôc d`c o`s èdbk`s lst`ghdhols. Tu prbcdbpho vlcthah ls qul lcl uch rlhddbôc gès pr`o`cmhkh kurhctl gès lgp` lc lo lstôghm`, yh qul c` obelrh t`k` lo mhs kl m`opl. Tu ghy`r klsvlcthah ls hphrtl klo d`o`r y she`r, qul pulkl dhushr pr`eolghs kbmlsv`s, lc k`sbs hoths dhush kbhrrlhs p`r oh gbsgh rhzôc qul lo do`rbt` sôkbd` sbc hdvhr, plr` thgebâc pulkl slr ño phrh dblrt`s trhthgblct`s rlohdb`chk`s d`c lo pècdrlhs, ku`klc` ` d`ckudt` ebobhr. DKT Ls sôo` lo mhs kbsulot` lc hmuh k`ckl c` nhy rlhddbôc slduckhrbh lc lo lstôghm`. Tu prbcdbpho vlcthah ls su guy rèpbkh hes`rdbôc sbc lfldt`s slduckhrb`s clmhv`s kl kbhrrlhs ` vôgbt`s. Y`r `tr` ohk`, ls oh f`rgh d`g` gès kbôxbk` kl do`r` pulkl slr hp`rthk` ho dulrp` sbc qul nhyh pr`eolghs kl kbmlsôc yh qul lo mhs c` sulol phshr lo lstôghm` ho slr uc mhs obelrhk` p`r oh tlgplrhturh y `thck` lc oh dhvbkhk lst`ghdho nhsth qul ls hes`rebk` p`r ohs gud`shs hdu`shs qul o` trhcsp`rthc bcglkbhthglctl h o`s oçqubk`s bctlrsdbhols. Oh `trh mrhc vlcthah s`erl o`s klgès sbstlghs, ls qul su pN ls clutr` y c` bctlrlrl kl ghclrh clmhvh. Y`r lsth rhzôc, pulkl slr ushk` d`g` bcyldtheols lc f`rgh kl DKB. Tu prbcdbpho klsvlcthah ls qul lvhp`rh fèdboglctl h phrr kl 88 ¹D sb lo frhsd` lstè heblrt` ` sb d`clcl gudn` hbrl lc su bctlrb`r. @tr` bcd`cvlcblctl pulkl slr lc homñc dhs` oh d`rth kurhdbôc klctr` klo dulrp`, qul pulkl slr d`ctrhrrlsthk` høhkblck` uchs m`ths kl do`rbt` sôkbd` ho DKT, oohghk` DKT lsthebobzhk` , rltrhshck` su hes`rdbôc y lsthck` gès lgp` klctr` klo dulrp`. DKN Ls prèddhglctl DK (GGT) hdvhk` d`c lgp` (8 kçh hctls) k`ckl yh c` nhy rlhddbôc slduckhrbh lc lo lstôghm` klebk` h qul sl nh d`gpolthk` oh rlhddbôc d`c lo do`rbt` kl ghclrh t`tho. Oh prbcdbpho vlcthah ls qul c` lcl 4=6 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` < uch rlhddbôc slduckhrbh lc lo lstôghm` y rlsuoth gudn` gès oolvhklr` lc târgbc`s kbmlsv`s. Oh ñcbdh klsvlcthah qul lcl ls su pN qul ls èdbk` d`g` lo DK (GGT) hsç d`g` lo `o`r y she`r h do`r` y qul thrkh gès lc slr lohe`rhk`. Tbc lgehrm` nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul kl lsth ghclrh TB rlhddb`ch d`c o`s èdbk`s lst`ghdhols y TB pulkl dhushr g`olshs kbmlsvhs. D ô v (xç ez) Tb sl bcmblrl do`rbt` sôkbd` sbc hdvhr, thgebâc oohghk` `xçmlc` lsthebobzhk`, âstl sl hdvh lc lo lstôghm` d`c o`s èdbk`s mèstrbd`s. Tu prbcdbpho vlcthah ls lo she`r y oh klsvlcthah ls qul pulkl bckudbr fèdboglctl h vôgbt`, s`erl t`k` lc uc lstôghm` vhdç` y lc dhckhkls suplrb`rls h 4 m`ths dhushc kbhrrlhs yh qul lo do`rbt` s`erhctl kl oh rlhddbôc oolmh ho ku`klc` y ho bctlsc` qul lcl uc pN kbflrlc kbflrlctl tl y lstl kbflrlcdbho kl pN sulol dhushr kbhrrlh. Tb qulrlg`s trhthr lo èrlh klo ku`klc` kl ghclrh kbrldth pulkl slr vlctha`s` ushr lsth vlrsbôc. Lo `xçmlc` lsthebobzhk` ls do`rbt` ho 5,<% y, p`r o` thct`, sôo` lqubvhol h uch bcmlsôc kl 89%, o` qul sbmcbdh uch glc`r dhckhk kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` kbsp`cbeol p`stlrb`rglctl phrh lo dulrp`. Tbc lgehrm`, nhy qul kldbr qul lc gudn`s dhs`s ohs k`sbs guy plquløhs yh rlsuothc ldhdls phrh phrh gudnhs plrs`chs. Ulsuglc1 DK Kbôxbk` kl do`r` V K • Ulhddbôc gès pr`o`cmhkh lc lo lstôghm` (obelrh lo mhs p`d` h p`d`). • Ño lc1 phcdrlhs, ku`klc` ` d`ckudt` ebobhr. • The`r gès fulrtl. • 5ª rlhddbôc lc lstôghm`, pukblck` dhushr g`olshs kbmlsvhs. • pN èdbk`. • Hoths k`sbs 7 kbhrrlh kbhrrlh.. DKT T`oudbôc kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` • The`r. • Uèpbkh hes`rdbôc. • Lo mhs c` phsh p`r lo lstôghm`, p`r o` thct`, c` nhy 5ª rlhddbôc. • pN clutr`. • Tl lvhp`rh fèdboglctl. • D`rth kurhdbôc klctr` klo dulrp`. 4== [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh V DKT lsthebobzhk` DKT + Do`rbt` sôkbd` • Ultrhsh hes`rdbôc, qulkhck` gès lgp` lc lo dulrp`. K • Ulhddb`ch d`c o`s èdbk`s lst`ghdhols y pulkl pr`kudbr g`olshs kbmlsvhs. DKN (DK + lgp`) • Lo mhs c` phsh p`r lo lstôghm`, p`r o` thct`, c` nhy 5ª rlhddbôc. • Gès oolvhklr` lc târgbc`s kbmlsv`s. • pN èdbk`. • [hrkh gès lgp` lc slr lohe`rhk`. Do`rbt` ‟sbc ‗ @xçmlc` • The`r • Ño lc1 èrlh klo ku`klc` kl ghclrh kbrldth. • Bckudl lo vôgbt`. • Gès kl 4 m`ths 7 kbhrrlh kbhrrlh.. • Glc`r dhckhk kl DK lsthebobzhk` (Do`rbt` ho 5,<%) kbsp`cbeol lc lo dulrp`. * * * 4=> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g D 6 Oh slddbôc gès dblctçfbdh… Lc lsth slddbôc qublr` lcuglrhr homuc`s kl o`s kht`s dblcd`s lc qul sl ehsh gb trheha`. C` pulkl slr d`gpolt` yh qul oh dblcdbh sblgprl ls pruleh y lrr`r y rulm` kbsduophs sb rlsuoth lc uc futur` qul gl nl lqubv`dhk` lc homñc u `tr` klthool. Bctlcthrâ Bctlcthrâ slr o` gès `ealv` p`sbeol. Yhrh homuc`s oldt`rls lsth slddbôc pulkl rlsuothr klcsh, plr` tlcm` oh `eobmhdbôc kl bctlcthr bctlcthr lxpobdhr o`s nldn`s kl ghclrh dblcdh. Dblcdbh c` ls o` qul nh sbk` p`stuohk` p`r lo n`gerl, dblcdbh ls lo lstukb` kl ohs fulrzhs kl oh chturholzh klsduerblck` su fucdb`chgblct` plrfldt` y hes`outhglctl oômbd`. C` nhy chkh lc oh chturholzh qul c` sl ehsl lc oh oômbdh y duhck` nhy hc`ghoçhs dblcdhs, gudnhs vldls sl klelc h o`s rlsuothk`s kl d`cdousb`cls nughchs lrrôclhs, kurhctl lo pr`dls` kl bcvls bcvlsmhdbôc. mhdbôc. Dblcdbh klel slr lo olcmuhal bctlrprlthk` kl ohs fulrzhs chturhols klo ucbvlrs`, k`ckl chkbl pulkl tlclr lo g`c`p`ob` klo d`c`dbgblct` t`tho, cb klcbv`, p`rqul sus hodhcdls (` klsduerbgblct`s) sl obgbthrèc sblgprl, h vbsougerhr sôo` uch plquløh phrtl kl lstl mrhc ucbvlrs`. C`s`tr`s, d`g` nughc`s, s`olg`s obgbthr oh vlrkhk ucbvlrsho h culstrh pr`pbh vlrkhk plrs`cho, y oh dblcdbh, sbc lgehrm`, plrgbtl klcbr bctlrprlthdb`cls h gudn`s cbvlols: hucqul, c` nhy cbcmñc cbvlo qul oolmul h klsduerbr t`k`s o`s sldrlt`s kl ohs fulrzhs klo ucbvlrs` y p`r o` thct` c`s`tr`s, o`s nughc`s, lsthg`s obgbthk`s h „drllr o` qul shelg`s‒ ` h „shelr o` qul drllg`s‒. [hgebâc nhy gudn`s ‟nldn`s dblcd`s‗ duyh dlrtlzh c` nh sbk` d`gpr`ehkh y p`r o` thct` qublr` lxprlshr qul, h gb lctlcklr, oh dblcdbh sl nh d`cvlrk` prèddhglctl lc rlobmbôc y tho d`g` oh d`c`dlg`s n`y lc kçh, c` pulkl slr lxhdth. R` gbsg` nl p`kbk` lcd`ctrhr bcf`rghdbôc qul sbgpolglctl ls lrrôclh lctrl o`s p`stuohk`s dblcd`s, y p`r o` thct`, gl vl` `eobmhk` h duls`chro` t`k`. 4=2 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Oh ghy`rçh kl o`s nughc`s p`r chturholzh s`c ‟slmubk`rls kl‗, o` qul nh khk` h drlhr uc sbstlgh kl rld`c`dbgblct` lc f`rgh kl k`dt`rhk`s, qul ho phrldlr rlsuothc slr o`s ñcbd`s qul pulklc klflcklr oh vlrkhk dblcdh kl ghclrh `dbho. Duhoqublr `tr` bctlct` kl uch plrs`ch c` hobhkh y sbc tuo` ls eo`qulhk` kl ghclrh nlrgâdh p`r guy dlrtlrh qul fulrh. Lc rlhobkhk klelg`s hprlcklr qul c` bgp`rth oh plrs`ch sbc` lo nldn` qul c`s dulcth. Nhy gudn`s dblcd`s fhg`s`s qul cucdh tuvblr`c uc tuo` lc su vbkh, lctrl loo`s mlcb`s d`g` Ol`chrk` kh Vbcdb (8;<5-8<82): Hct`cbl vhc Olluwlcn`lj (8645-8=54), d`csbklrhk` lo phkrl kl oh gbdr`eb`o`mçh: Elcahgbc Frhcjobc (8=96-8=29), qul ful lo prbglr dblcd` sbd` kl Hgârbdh: ]boobhg Nlrsdnlo (y su nlrghch Dhr`obch) (8=4>-8>55) ho slr âo, uc hstrôc`g` qul klsduerbô lo pohclth \rhcus: Gbdnhlo Fhrhkhy (8=28-8>6=) lo sbd` y quçgbd` qul drlô ohs olyls klo loldtr`ghmclsg` y o`s târgbc`s1 loldtr`k`, b`c, dèt`k`: Dnhrols Khrwbc (8>92-8>>5), ebôo`m` qul drlô oh tl`rçh lv`ouvh: [n`ghs N. Nuxoly (8>5<-8>2<), ebôo`m` y hcht`gbsth: Ahgls Yrlsd` A`uol (8>8>-8>>2), qul drlô oh olyfhg`s` kl d`cslrvhdbôc kl oh lclrmçh… y gudn`s gès. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul cbcmuch kl lsths plrs`chobkhkls n`y lc kçh tlckrçh oh gès gçcbgh p`sbebobkhk kl pueobdhr homuc`s kl sus klsduerbgblct`s, y gudn` glc`s, slr hdlpthk`s p`r oh s`dblkhk s`d blkhk dblcdh hdtuho. \c lalgpo` pbd` ls oh n`gl`phh, k`ckl Ahdquls Elcvlcbstl (824<-599;) oolmô h oh d`cdousbôc kl qul oh d`cmurhdbôc kl ohs g`oâduohs lc lo hmuh, lrh eb`oômbdhglctl hdvh, y dhphz kl trhcsgbr bcf`rghdbôc: uc plrb`kbsth hduøô lo târgbc` „glg`rbh klo hmuh‒ phrh lsth nbpôtlsbs. Âo ful kbfhghk` d`g` psluk`dblcd`, ho bmuho qul Ghshru Lg`t`, Vbjt`r Tdnhuelrmlr, A`nhcc Mrhcklr… ltd. Hucqul nhy gbols kl plrs`chs qul nhc p`kbk` lxplrbglcthr lxplrbglcthr su ldhdbh, oh n`gl`phh lc ohs tl`rçhs klo gâkbd` holgèc Thgulo Nhnclghcc‛ sl d`csbklrh ‛ehshkh uch psluk`dblcdbh yh qul oh dblcdbh d`cvlcdb`cho cb ls dhphz kl d`gprlcklr cb kl rlpr`kudbr o`s lfldt`s tlrhpâud`s kl ghclrh d`csthctl, d`csbklrèck`oh d`csbklrèck` oh uc pohdle`. Durb`shglctl sôo` lc lo hø` 5984 sl vlckblr`c lc Holghcbh gès kl ;>5 gboo`cls kl lur`s lc glkbdbch n`gl`pèdh y lc uch lcdulsth kl uc bcstut` rld`c`dbk`, oh mrhc ghy`rçh hrgô lsthr guy shsfldn` y d`cvlcdbk` kl su ldhdbh. Oh @rmhcbzhdbôc Gâkbdh D`olmbho (@GD) kl Lsphøh, hd`rkô lc k`s hshgeolhs qul su prèddh slh rld`c`dbkh d`g` hdt` gâkbd`, y hut`rbzô su lalrdbdb` lc dlctr`s d lctr`s shcbthrb`s ` pr`flsb`chols kl glkbdbch. \c prlgb` C`elo, Oud G`cthmcblr, hrgh qul oh n`gl`phh ls ldhz, dblcdhglctll pr`ehkh y qul s`c bcausdhk`s o`s hthquls kl o`s qul ls `ealt`. dblcdhglct Âo klg`strô qul lo hmuh k`ckl nheçh HKC gbdr`ebhc`, hucqul sl otrlc sus rlst`s eb`oômbd`s y slh sughglctl kboubkh, ls dhphz kl ghctlclr oh bcf`rghdbôc kl lstl HKC y kl bcfldt bcfldthr hr y trhcsgbro` h `trh hmuh glkbhctl rls`chcdbh. 4>9 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 Lc rlsuglc, sbmcbdh qul lo HKC trhsgbtl loldtr`ghmcâdhglctl bcf`rghdbôc ho hmuh. Oh n`gl`phh, ho phrldlr, lstrudturh lo hmuh kèck`ol glg`rbh l bcf`rghdbôc. Yhrh gb plrs`choglctl, oh dohvl klo d`c`dbgblct` klo dulrp` nughc` lstè lc o`s oçqubk`s bctlrsdbhols, phrh slr gès d`cdrlt`s lc ohs hmuhs lstrudturhkhs lc f`rgh kl slgb drbsthols, qul rlprlslcthc oh duhrth fhsl kl oh gbsgh. Lstl hmuh ls dhphz kl hoghdlchr thct` lclrmçh d`g` bcf`rghdbôc y ls oh prbcdbpho fulctl kl lclrmçh bcglkbhth y kl glg`rbh h ohrm` pohz` kl culstr` dulrp`. Ohs rlkls clur`chols y sbchpsbs sbrvlc thct` phrh lstrudturhr d`g` phrh ollr lsth hmuh, h trhvâs kl bgpuos`s loldtr`ghmcâd`s. Ylr` lstl tlgh slrè klshrr`oohk` lc `tr` ober`… Hsç qul vhg`s h vlr o`s prbcdbpb`s eèsbd`s kl oh eb`sbdh oômbdh. O`s prbcdbpb`s eèsbd`s oômbd`-eb`fçsbd`s Oh dblcdbh c`s lxpobdh oh vbkh kl f`rgh guy d`gpolah, h vldls thc d`gpolah qul chkbl sl kh dulcth kl ohs bcd`nlrlcdbhs. T`c lsths gbsghs bcd`nlrlcdbhs ohs qul c`s pulklc khr uch pbsth nhdbh oh vlrkhk, y lsth vlrkhk ls oh qul c`s lcsløhrè qul oh lrrh, qubzès c` lrh pohch. Oh dblcdbh sl klelrçh pohctlhr sb sus d`c`dbgblct`s lc rlhobkhk s`c vèobk`s y d`rrldt`s, yh qul ohs tl`rçhs kl uc dblcd` ohurlhk` c` sbmcbdh prldbshglctl qul slhc t`thoglctl dblrths, y sb ustlk c` sl o` drll, pulkl eusdhr k`duglcthdbôc p`r lalgpo`, s`erl lo Yrlgb` C`elo Hctôcb` Lmhs G`cbz ‟p`r su klsduerbgblct` klo vho`r tlrhpâud` kl oh o`e`t`gçh lc kltlrgbchkhs psbd`sbs‗… y sl sbmul prhddhck` phrh husg` d`c hut`olsbôc. Vhg`s h d`cdlctrhrc`s lc o` eèsbd`. Culstr` dulrp` y culstrhs dâouohs `elclc oh lclrmçh h trhvâs kl uc pr`dls` kl d`geusôc. Lsth d`geusôc u `xbkhdbôc c`s pr`p`rdb`ch lclrmçh. Xulghg`s mrhshs, nbkrht`s kl dhre`c` y pr`tlçchs, plr` thgebâc s`g`s dhphdls kl qulghr t`xbchs. [`k`s d`c`dlg`s oh frhsl kl ‟v`y h qulghr t`xbchs‗ duhck` homublc sl vh h nhdlr mbgchsbh. Lstl lalrdbdb` ol pr`p`rdb`ch gès `xçmlc` y gès `xçmlc` pr`p`rdb`ch pr`p`rdb`ch gès fulm`. Oh lvbklcdbh ls guy sbgpol, p`klg`s vlroh duhck` lsthg`s nhdblck` uch ehrehd`h, qul ho s`pohr lo dhreôc, sl bcdrlglcthc oh tlgplrhturh y oh d`geusôc. [hgebâc p`klg`s vlro` lc o`s g`t`rls kl d`geusôc, duhck` qulrlg`s tlclr gès ldhdbh d`csugblck` oh gbsgh dhckhk kl d`geuseol, `etlclg`s gès p`tlcdbh h trhvâs kl uc ture` d`gprls`r qul c` ls `trh d`sh qulgudnh uc mrhcgès vlcohk`r qul s`poh gès `xçmlc `xçmlc` ` ho g`t`r kl d`geusôc, `etlcblck` p`tlcdbh, d`c oh gbsgh dhckhk kl d`geuseol. d`geuseol. 4>8 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh C`s`tr`s uobzhg`s lo `xçmlc` kl ghclrh d`csthctl chkh gès chdlr, p`r o` thct`, pulkl slr gudn` gès bgp`rthctl kl o` qul nhsth n`y sl d`ctlgpoh. C`s nhc d`cthk` lc ohs fhduothkls, qul o`s rhkbdhols oberls s`c c`dbv`s phrh lo dulrp` h trhvâs kl oh tl`rçh kl Klcnhg Nhrghc, sbc lgehrm` c` nhdl fhoth slr uc dlrlerbt` phrh khrsl dulcth qul oh mlctl qul lstè prhddhck` klp`rtl d`csugl gès `xçmlc`, qul ls lo rhkbdho oberl gès heuckhctl lc lo dulrp` y sbc lgehrm` lstèc ghs shc`s, t`k` o` d`ctrhrb` kl o` qul ghcblsth oh tl`rçh klo „lstrâs `xbkhv`‒. Kl nldn`, lsth tl`rçh ful klg`strhkh fhosh p`r lo Yr`f. Kr. Gbdnhlo Ubst`w qul mhcô uc prlgb` holgèc kl bcvlsmhdbôc, p`r su trheha` kl oh gbt`n`rglsbs Z68W. Oh gbt`n`rglsbs pruleh uc bcdrlglct` kl oh hdvbkhk gbt`d`ckrbho duhck` nhy lstrâs `xbkhv` kl ehah p`tlcdbh. Tbc lgehrm`, chkbl sl nh klkbdhk` h rllsdrbebr o`s ober`s klsgbclck` oh fhosh tl`rçh kl o`s rhkbdhols oberls… °Y`r quâ0 Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc duhoqublrh kl sus f`rghs, hp`rth `xçmlc` ho tlabk` bctlrsdbho y h t`k`s o`s oçqubk`s ohs gbt`d`ckrbhs qulslh su vlz mlclrhc gès lclrmçh y ls klo lsthdulrp`, lclrmçhhdvhck` oh qul plrgbtl qul lo dulrp` rlduplrl y shcl kl oh ghy`rçh kl ohs lcflrglkhkls. Lo `xçmlc` ls lslcdbho y lo d`cdlpt` kl o`s rhkbdhols oberls tho d`g` ful pr`g`vbk` hcmuhglctl, ls lrrôcl`. Lo dulrp` nughc` sbgpolglctl c` ls uch pohdh Yltrb kl ohe`rht`rb` y lc su fucdb`chgblct` t`k` bctlrhdtñh d`c t`k`. Oh bckustrbh fhrghdâutbdh Lc gudn`s kl gbs slgbchrb`s oh mlctl gl prlmucth p`r quâ uc rlglkb` thc ldhz d`g` lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` c` ls vlckbk` p`r oh bckustrbh fhrghdâudh. Yhrh lst` nhy qul shelr rlhoglctl o` qul ls oh bckustrbh fhrghdâudh. Hucqul gudnh mlctl c` o` shel, ls uch bckustrbh kl bcvlrsbôc bgpuoshkh p`r sus hddb`cbsths, phrh oh `etlcdbôc kl elcldb`s, k`ckl lo nldn` kl durhr lcflrglkhkls, lcflrglkhk ls, ls uc `ealv` t`thoglctl slduckhrb`. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul oh fulctl kl bcmrls`s kl lsth bckustrbh ls lo dulrp` nughc` lcflrg` y sôo` kurhctl lo lgp` qul plrghclzdh lcflrg`. Ho gbsg` lgp`, lo nldn` kl klsduerbr culvhs lcflrglkhkls, hucqul Ho gbsg` lgp`, lo nldn` kl klsduerbr culvhs lcflrglkhkls, hucqul sôo` slhc culv`s c`gerls, ls lslcdbho phrh lo drldbgblct` kl oh bckustrbh fhrghdâudh. Ylr` Ylr` uc` kl o`s puct`s gès bgp`rthctls h tlclr lc dulcth ls qul o`s fèrghd`s sl dlctrhc prbcdbphoglctl lc o`s sçct`ghs, bmc`rhck` ohs dhushs fuckhglcthols kl ohs lcflrglkhkls h cbvlo pr`fuck` yh qul durhck` h uc phdblctl, sl pblrkl uc doblctl. Yhrh drlhr clm`db` c` sôo` s ôo` ls bgp`rthctl lo trhthgblct` trhthgblct` kl lcflrglk lcflrglkhkls, hkls, ls gudn` gès rlctheol oh prlvlcdbôc lc f`rgh kl vhduchs ` sbgbohr, qul pulkl slr hpobdhkh h t`kh oh p`eohdbôc shch, h trhvâ trhvâss klo gldhcbsg` kl vlcth p`r gblk`, qul sblgprl nh rlsuothk` ldhz. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul t`kh lrrhkbdhdbôc 4>5 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 kl lcflrglkhkls hglchzh oh ehsl klo clm`db` kl oh bckustrbh fhrghdâudh d`g` bcvlrsbôc y p`r o` thct` thct`,, oh lrrhkbdhdbôc kl oh lcflrglkhk, s`erl t`k` sb ls drôcbdh y pr`p`rdb`ch drldbgblct` y lxphcsbôc h oh bckustrbh fhrghdâudh, c` ol d`cvblcl. Klebk` h qul ls uc pr`kudt` kl prbglrh cldlsbkhk y c` kl `db`, plrgbtl gèrmlcls lc`rgls s`erl pr`kudt`s lc râmbglc kl g`c`p`ob`, khck` uch rlcthebobkhk rlcthebobkhk qul sl ehsh lc oh obdlcdbh kl phtlctls. \ch vlz uc pr`kudt` klah kl tlclr phtlctl pblrkl bctlrâs y sulol slr sustubk` p`r `tr` pr`kudt` ‟gès g`klrc`‗, supulsthglctl gla`r, d`c uch phtlctll rlc`vhkh. Ls oômbd` qul p`r lstl g`v`, oh bckustrbh fhrghdâudh s`o` phtlct bcvlsmul y klshrr`ool culv`s glkbdhglct`s qul d`ctlcmhc g`oâduohs culvhs phrh p`klr slr phtlctheol. C` nhy cbcmñc bctlrâs lc durhr lcflrglkhkls, cb lc hvlrbmuhr ohs vlrkhklrhs dhushs kl lcflrglkhkls d`g` lo dècdlr, y lo sbstlgh kl shouk lstè kbsløhk` kl tho ghclrh, qul t`k`s o`s bgpobdhk`s mhchc gudn` kbclr` phrh slmubr hklohctl d`c lo clm`db` sbc lxbmbr uc vlrkhklr vlrkhklr` ` dhgeb`. tlrhpbhs hotlrchvhs, chtur chturhols hols kl ohs pohcths s`c rlctheo rlctheols c` tlclrOhs phtlctl hklgès kl rlsuothr slr uc`lst`re` phrh loc` g`c`p`ob` kl ls ohsp`r p`dhs mrhckls guochdb`chols fhrghdâudhs, qul h su vlz lstèc d`gprhck` d`c lo lgp`, ohs plquløhs fhrghdâudhs. Ho gbsg` lgp`, oh bckustrbh f`glcth sbstlghs kl slmurbkhk fhrghd`oômbd`s y muelrchglcthols d`c thc hot` d`stl, qul s`c bchddlsbeols phrh duhoqublr lgprlsh plquløh qul p`krçh slr uch futurh d`gplk`rh. Hsç s`c o`s dbgblct`s ld`côgbd`s klo clm`db` kl bcvlr bcvlrsbôc sbôc kl oh bckustrbh fhrghdâudh, duy` bctlrâs ls ghctlclr oh lcflrglkhk d`ctr`ohkh p`r sus pr`kudt`s. O`s lcf`quls chturhols kl oh shouk p`r o` thct`, s`c bcd`gpheols y c` pulklc d`lxbsr kl ghclrh phdçdh d`c o`s bctlrlsls kl oh bckustrbh fhrghdâudh hdtuho. Oh bckustrbh fhrghdâudh sôo` uc pr`eolgh, qul s`erlvlckrè duhck` sus pr`pb`s gblger`s sl pulkl p`cmhctlclr lcflrg`s, yh qul klebk` h su sbstlgh kl fèrghd`s sbct`gèd`s, c` slrè dhphz kl pr`p`rdb`chr s`oudbôc homuch, cb sbqublrh h sus prlsmb`s`s prlsbklctls. Gb qulrbk` `-phkrbc` ]`ofmhcm ful uc guy hot` dhrm` kl uch bckustrbh fhrghdâudh, y sl gurbô kl dècdlr. [`kh lcflrglkhk ls fhoth kl lclrmçh Hn`rh plrgçthcgl bcvbthrols h nhdlr uc vbhal bghmbchrb`. Y`klg`s fhcthslhr qul nhdlg`s uc vbhal ho phshk` lc uch gèqubch klo lgp` y c`s lcd`ctrhg`s lc Lsphøh, lc o`s lgp`s kl Drbstôeho D`oôc. Y`r dbrducsthcdbhs, d`c`dlg`s h Ylkr`, lo alfl d`cstrudt`r kl o`s chvç`s kl lct`cdls, uc n`gerl sheb`, bctlobmlctl bctlobmlctl y d`c uc hot` rhcm`, bmuho ho kl uc dblcd` hdtuho kl oh CHTH, yh qul shel d`cstrubr o`s gla`rls y gès rèpbk`s ehrd`s kl su lgp`. 4>4 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh R hn`rh c`s bghmbchg`s qul qulrlg`s lxpobdhr h Ylkr` qul vlcbg`s klo futur`, lstl n`gerl lsdâpd` l bctlobmlctl, rèpbkhglctl c`s bctlrr`mhrçh hsç1 Ylkr`.‛Vbhalr` klo futur`, v`s °Nheâbs vbhahk` gès hooè klo Htoècd`, h Hgârbdh0 C`s`tr`s.‛Y`r supulst` supulst` qul sç, gudnhs vldls. Ylkr`.‛R °duèct` lgp` thrkhs lc nhdlr lsl vbhal lc vulstr` chvç`0 C`s`tr`s.‛[hrkhg`s C`s`tr`s.‛[ hrkhg`s uchs slbs h `dn` n`rhs kl vbhal. Ylkr`.‛¡Lst` ls bgp`sbeol! ¡C` nhy cbcmñc ehrd` thc rèpbk`! C`s`tr`s1 Culstr` chvç` ls kbflrlct kbflrlctl. l. Ylkr`.‛Yuls °kl quâ lstè nldn`0 C`s`tr`s.‛Lstè nldn` kl gltho. Ylkr`.‛¡T`bs uc fhrshctl! ¡[`k` lo guck` shel qul lo gltho c` `th! Vhbs h hdhehr lc oh n`mulrh kbdblck` slglahctl lstupbklz. C`s`tr`s.‛Lc rlhobkhk culstr`s`bs chvç` c` vh°dôg` p`r lo hmuh, hbrl. Ylkr`.‛C` sôo` s`bs fhrshctl, uc o`d`, pulklsbc` v`ohrp`r lo lo gltho0 ¡C` nhy vblct` o` ehsthctl fulrtl d`g` phrh nhdlr v`ohr lo gltho! C`s`tr`s.‛Lc rlhobkhk lo chvç` drlh su pr`pb` vblct` h trhvâs kl uc`s g`t`rls kl turebchs. Ylkr`.‛Gbrh qul s`bs uc glcr`s` kl o` gès mrhckl, plr` gl dhls eblc, hsç qul vlc h gb thoolr, qul ls gès s`sdhk` kl t`k` lo rlbc`, d`c ohs gla`rls nlrrhgblcths y `erlr`s kl t`k`s o`s lgp`s y d`cstrubkgl uc` kl lst`s chvç`s qul vbhahc p`r lo hbrl. C`s`tr`s.‛C` pulk`… D`c lsth plquløh nbst`rbh p`klg`s d`gprlcklr qul sbc uch d`gprlcsbôc d`rrldth dblcdh y sbdh, c` sl pulkl klg`strhr dôg` uc hvbôc kl gès kl 8=9 t`clohkhs pulkl lolvhrsl lc lo hbrl, vbhahck` h vlo`dbkhkls dhsb thc rèpbkhs d`g` ohs klo s`cbk`, ` bcdous` gès. Lc oh glkbdbch phsh lxhdthglctl lxhdthglctl o` gbsg`. Tb chkbl duls`ch dblrt`s d`cdlpt`s hcdohk`s lc tl`rçhs c` d`gpr`ehkhs, âst`s s`c oh ehsl lrrôclh, qul kh oumhr h gudn`s `tr`s d`cdlpt`s lrrôcl`s p`stlrb`rls. Ls lxhdthglctl oh sbtuhdbôc qul lxbstl n`y lc kçh. O`s prbcdbpb`s eèsbd`s sblgprl klelc slr sbgpols y oh dblcdbh dhkh vlz ls gès d`gpobdhkh, plrkbâck`sl lc klthools sbc d`gpr`ehr flnhdblc flnhdblctlglctl tlglctl ohs ehsls kl sus hrghdb`cls. Lxbstlc gudn`s k`dt`rhk`s lc sbdh, plr` cbcmuc` shel lxpobdhr cb sbqublrh o` gès eèsbd`1 quâ ls oh mrhvlkhk ` dôg` fucdb`ch uc bgèc. Lxbstlc gudn`s k`dt`rhk`s lc glkbdbch, plr`Lscbcmuc` p`r quâ uc dulrp` sl lcflrgh d`c dblrt`s phtômlc`s y `tr` c`. gès, lcshel lo kbddb`chrb` `dbho kl lcflrglkhkls, lo rld`c`dbk` „Ghcuho Glrdj‒, oh ghy`rçh kl ohs lcflrglkhkls drôcbdhs s`c kl ‟`rbmlc klsd`c`dbk`‗. °C`s klelg`s prlmucthr quâ p` kl glkbdbch ls lsth0 4>; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 Yhrh p`klr hvhczhr nhy qul nhdlrsl oh prlmucth d`rrldth. Oh prlmucth dohvl p`r o` thct` ls1 °duèo ls lo gçcbg` klc`gbchk`r d`gñc kl t`khs ohs lcflrglkhkls0 Lo gçcbg` klc`gbchk`r kl t`kh lcflrglkhk ls oh fhoth kl lclrmçh, qul drlh klslquboberb` lc lo dulrp`. (B 7 LX — L) Ls uch lduhdbôc guy sbgpol k`ckl1 • B 1 rlprlslcth lo lsthk` kl lcflrglkhk • LX 1 lo lquboberb` • L 1 oh lclrmçh. Tb uc trhthgblct` ls dhphz kl d`cslmubr B + L lo rlsuothk` ls LX qul lqubvhol h lquboberb` y p`r thct` hlsshouk. Lsth fhoth kl o` lclrmçh c` sôo` h cbvlo eb`quçgbd` sbc` thgebâc h cbvlo eb`sbd` y psbd`oômbd`. \c trhugh p`r lalgpo`, r`eh gudnçsbgh lclrmçh ho dulrp`, bcklplckblctlglctl bcklplckblctlglctl kl sb nh sbk` uc trhugh sbd` ` psbd`oômbd`, d`g` p`r lalgpo` oh gulrtl kl uc gblger` kl oh fhgbobh. Lo dulrp`, phrh lsthr shc`, cldlsbth uc tlrrlc` lquboberhk`, d`sh qul yh klsduerbô Dohukl Elrchrk (8>84-8>=>) qublc s`stlcçh qul oh dhphdbkhk kl durhdbôc klo dulrp` klplckl klo lct`rc` bctlrc`. Oh fhoth kl lclrmçh drlh uc klslquboberb` y lstl klslquboberb` drlh, h su vlz, lcflrglkhk. Nhy qul nhdlrsl oh prlmucth °dôg` mlclrh lo dulrp` oh lclrmçh cldlshrbh phrh vbvbr0 Y`klg`s ollr dlouohr, lc gudn`s sb`s qulohlodblcdbh hklc`trbf`sfht` ` H[Y lsH[Y lo rlsp`csheol kl oh lclrmçh yh qul slmñc hdtuho, sl rlqublrl phrh lo hd`rthgblct` kl oh hdch y oh gb`sbch kl ohglct`s kl pulctls druzhk`s, cldlshrb`s phrh oh d`ctrhddbôc gusduohr y ls uc` kl o`s prbcdbphols rlqubsbt`s kl lclrmçh lc o`s hcbghols, lslcdbho phrh oh o`d`g`dbôc y oh rlspbrhdbôc. Lo H[Y, supulsthglctl pr`p`rdb`ch oh lclrmçh d`c qul sl trhcslrlc o`s f`sfht`s h `tr`s lcohdls gès fulrtls kl moud`sh ` frudt`sh, slmñc o`s ober`s, h plshr klo nldn` kl qul sl cldlsbth lclrmçh phrh r`gplr o`s lcohdls. Ls uch e`cbth tl`rçh, plr`… °kôckl lstè oh lvbklcdbh0 Lo Kr. Mboelrt C. Obcm, eb`quçgbd` y sbôo`m` dlouohr kl oh \cbvlrsbkhk kl Dnbdhm` nbz` cuglr`s`s lxplrbglct`s lxplrbglct`s k`ckl puk` pr`ehr qul oh bklh d`g` tho, ls lrrôclh. Klsduerbô qul oh d`cdlctrhdbôc kl p`thsb` y s`kb` lc o`s gñsduo`s c` dhgebheh kurhctl o`s lxplrbglct`s. Lo rlsuothk` g`strô qul oh lclrmçh gçcbgh cldlshrbh phrh oh e`geh kl s`kb` p`stuohkh, ls ho glc`s duhtr` vldls ghy`r, ` ;99% kl oh gèxbgh lclrmçh kbsp`cbeol phrh oh dâouoh klo gñsduo`, bcdous` sb lo gñsduo` phsh t`kh su lclrmçh lc lo e`gel` kl s`kb`, l bcdous` 4>< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh sb lc o`s pr`dls`s t`k`s o`s lolglct`s lslcdbhols kl d`cvlrsbôc kl lclrmçh y uobzhdbôc `plrhc ho 899% Z65, 64W. Y`k`osjy y Jbtzbcmlr (82<<) Z6;W, Y`k`osjy y G`rhols (82<6) Z6<W y Ml`rml y Uutghc (8269) Z66W kl f`rgh d`cdouylctl l bclquçv`dh nhc klg`strhk` qul lo d`cdlpt` kl f`sfht` kl hoth lclrmçh, lc sç, lrh uc lrr`r. C` nhy uch hoth lclrmçh uobzheol lc o`s lcohdls f`sfht` klo H[Y y f`sf`drlhch. f`sf`drlhch . °Tlrè qul ls lo nbkrômlc` dhphz kl hoghdlchr mrhckls dhckhkls lc sus lcohdls0 Lc rlhobkhk c`, yh qul oh lclrmçh vblcl kl oh d`gebchdbôc klo nbkrômlc` d`c lo `xçmlc` phrh f`rghr hmuh, hsç qul lo `xçmlc` ls uc` kl o`s d`gp`clctls gès bgp`rthctls, c` sôo` lc oh d`geusôc, sbc` thgebâc lc o`s lcohdls quçgbd`s, qul pr`p`rdb`chc oh lclrmçh cldlshrbh phrh lo fucdb`chgblct` dlouohr y oh vbkh. R` plrs`choglctl, thgebâc tlcm` gbs kukhs d`c rlspldt` h homuc`s d`cdlpt`s eb`quçgbd`s: yh qul sb fulrhc dblrt`s °Dôg` pulklc s`erlvbvbr plrs`chs qul lstèc nhdblck` klp`rtl lxtrlg`, d`g` p`r lalgpo` uc Br`c Ghc, k`ckl chkhc 4,>6 jboôgltr`s lc hmuhs heblrths klo ghr l bcglkbhthglctl nhdlc 8>9 jg lc ebdbdolth, slmubk` p`r uch ghrhtôc kl ;5,5 jg y d`c uc oçgbtl kl 8= n`rhs phrh d`cslmubro`0 [`k` lst` sbc phrhr, o` ñcbd` qul bcmblrlc s`c oçqubk`s, qul lc su ghy`rçh s`c hmuh hzudhrhkh y `xçmlc`, rlspbrhck` bctlcshglctl. Tl dhoduoh qul sl cldlsbthc uchs >9.999 dho`rçhs d`g` gçcbg` phrh duogbchr lsth dhrrlrh. Tbc lgehrm` lo dulrp` c` pulkl hoghdlchr gès qul 5999 dho`rçhs kl moud`sh lc lo nçmhk`, o`s gñsduo`s y oh shcmrl, y c` pulkl hkqubrbr lsth lc`rgl dhckhk kl dho`rçhs kurhctl lo lalrdbdb`. V`y h bctlcthr lxpobdhro` kl ghclrh sbgpol. Lo gñsduo` lstè d`gpulst` p`r pr`tlçchs y hmuh, duhols, pr`tlçch ls pr`pblkhkls lo 8% klo gñsduo` y lo hmuh lo 22%. Thelg`s qulkl lo o`s hmuh shobchohlcl gudnhs loldtr`ghmcâdhs y pulkl hdtuhr d`g` uc d`cklcshk`r ` ehtlrçh dhphz kl hoghdlchr lclrmçh l bcf`rghdbôc. L lstrudturhkh lc f`rgh kl N4@5 kl o`s gñsduo`s, slh oh vlrkhklrh fulctl kl lclrmçh y c` oh nbkrôobsbs klo H[Y. Tb slmubg`s lo dhgbc` kl oh lclrmçh, c`s khg`s dulcth kl qul bcmbrblck` 5<99 dho`rçhs ho kçh, c` tlckrçhg`s sudblctl lclrmçh phrh culstr` dulrp`. Lo sbgpol nldn` klo e`gel` klo d`rhzô d`rhzôc, c, lo d`csug` klo dlrler` y lo ghctlcbgblc ghctlcbgblct` t` kl oh tlgplrhturh, yh d`csuglc gudnçsbgh gès lclrmçh qul oh qul hkqubrbg`s d`c oh hobglcthdbôc. Oômbdhglctl klel nhelr `trhs fulctls kl lclrmçh qul lo dulrp` uobzh, phrh su sugbcbstr` s ugbcbstr` lclrmâd`. lclrmâd`. Lo d`csug` kl lclrmçh klo d`rhzôc s`c =9 ], guopobdhk` p`r 4.699 slmuck`s, guopobdhk` p`r 5; n`rhs, lqubvhol h 8.;;< dho`rçhs (6.9;> jbo`auob`s), 4>6 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 lo d`csug` kl lclrmçh klo dlrler` s`c 5< ] Z¡ôahoh! lc homuc`s dhs`s1)W, guopobdhk` p`r 4.699 slmuck`s, guopobdhk` p`r 5; n`rhs sughc lc t`tho <86 dho`rçhs (5.869 jbo`auob`s), lo d`csug` kl rlmuohdbôc kl tlgplrh tlgplrhturh turh y rlspbrhdbôc ls d`g` gçcbg` kl <99 ], guopobdhk` p`r 4.699 slmuck`s, guopobdhk` p`r 5; n`rhs, lqubvhol h 89.45< dho`rçhs (;4.599 jbo`auob`s). Tbc nhelr nldn` cbcmñc lalrdbdb` sbd` °lsthg`s mhsthck` d`g` gçcbg` 85.5>6 dho`rçhs0 Lstl dèoduo` ls bcd`gpolt`… Lc dhs` kl nhdlr uch Br`c Ghc, lst`s cñglr`s sl guopobdhc kl ghclrh lxp`clcdbho, duls`cèck`c`s duls`cèck`c`s kl kôckl d`cslmubg`s oh lclrmçh phrh s`erlvbvbr h slglahctl lsfulrz`. Lc tl`rçh c` ls p`sbeol, plr` lc oh prèddh p`klg`s vlr qul oh lvbklcdbh ls rlho. Ls gès, lxbstlc homuchs plrs`chs dhphdls kl s`erlvbvbr sbc bcmlrbr cbcmñc hobglct`,, d`sh qul sl pulkl d`gpr`ehr kl ghclrh dblcdh lc oh Bckbh. Yrhnohk hobglct` Ahcb c` d`gl cb elel nhdl gès kl 69 hø`s y sl nbdblr`c uchs prulehs doçcbdhs lc uc n`spbtho. Lo Kr. Tuknbr Tnhn, qul hchobzô ho Tr. Ahcb lc lo n`spbtho Ttlrobcm, lc Hnglkhehk, hrgô qul1 • Lo prlslctl prlslctl lstukb` lstukb` sl obgbth sôo` ho plrç`k` kl `eslrvhdbôc `eslrvhdbôc B. T. kl 55 kl herbo kl 5989 h 6 kl ghy` klo gbsg` hø`. • Lo lstukb` sl oolvô h dhe` dhe` eha` oh `eslrvhdbôc `eslrvhdbôc d`ccuh d`ccuh kl uc lqubp` lqubp` f`rghk` p`r dblcd`s kl KBYHT y o`s gâkbd`s klo n`spbtho kl Hnglkhehk Ttlrobcm, auct` d`c `tr`s `rmhcbsg`s kl d``rkbchdbôc d`g` oh TUBT[B / M`eblrc` kl Muahrht y `tr`s gâkbd`s kl d`csuot`rçh. • Lo lstukb` hrgh hrgh qul nue` lstrbdth vbmbohcdbh vbmbohcdbh kl rlo`a rlo`a y qul sl mrheô d`c oh dèghrh kl dbrdubt` dlrrhk` kl tlolvbsbôc, `eslrvhck` t`k`s o`s g`vbgblct`s plrs`chols. Tl rlhobzhr`c t`k` p` kl lxèglcls d`rrlsp`ckblctls1 d`rrlsp`ckblct ls1 doçcbd`s, eb`quçgbd`s, rhkb`oômbd`s y `tr`s. Tl lcd`ctrô qul t`k`s o`s bcf`rgls lsthehc klctr` klo rhcm` slmur`. Tl rlhobzhr`c lstukb`s p`r rhy`s ^ y kl uotrhs`cbk`, kl ghclrh d`csthctl. • Kurhctl lo plrb`k` kl kl `eslrvhdbôc, Trb Yrhnohk Ahcb Ahcb c` nh d`csugbk` chkh y thgp`d` nh lvhduhk`. Lo ñcbd` d`cthdt` d`c duhoqublr f`rgh kl oçqubk` ful h trhvâs kl mèrmhrhs y ho ehøhrsl plrbôkbdhglctl kurhctl lo lxplrbglct`, lxplrbglct `, h phrr klo <± kçh. Lo Tr. Tr. Ahcb ls uc nldn` rlho, slmñc slmñ c t`k`s o`s gâkbd`s klo lcshy`: lcs hy`: sbc lgehrm` o`s mrhckls glkb`s kl d`gucbdhdbôc o` d`csbklrhc fhos` (d`g` kl d`stugerl, d`c tho kl d`cslmubr hukblcdbh h trhvâs kl oh p`oâgbdh) sbc tlclr cbcmuch pruleh kl loo`. R` pblcs` qul ls guy fèdbo klshdrlkbthr hom` qul c` phrldl rhz`cheol. Ylr` phrh klshdrlkbthr hom`, nhy qul bcvlsmhro` prbglr` y pr`ehr qul ls fhos`. [`k` o` klgès ls sbgpol kbfhghdbôc sbc fuckhglct`. Tlh dblrt` ` c`, Yrhnohk Ahcb lstuv` sbc d`glr cb elelr kurhctl ho glc`s 8< kçhs, d`sh qul sl d`csbklrh dblcdhglctl bgp`sbeol y sç qul p`klg`s 4>= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh vlr lc lstl lcshy`, kl ghclrh dohrh, qul hom` c` lcdhah lctrl oh lclrmçh qul hkqubrbg`s hobglctèck`c`s y oh lclrmçh qul d`csugl culstr` dulrp`, p`r o` thct` klelg`s prlmucthrc`s1 prlmucthrc`s1 °dôg` y kl kôckl d`cslmubg`s oh lclrmçh0 Nhy vhrbhs p`sbebobkhkls1 uch kl loohs, bcvlsmhkh p`r lo Kr. T`oçs, kl Gâxbd`, ls oh glohcbch. Lc sus bcvlsmhdb`cls, hvlrbmuô qul oh glohcbch kl culstr` dulrp` drlh lclrmçh kl ghclrh phrldbkh h oh do`r`oh kl ohs pohcths. Tbc lgehrm`, oh glohcbch ls dhphz c` sôo` kl hes`relr oh ouz klo lspldtr` vlrkl, d`g` oh do`r`oh, sbc` thgebâc oh ouz lc t`k` lo rhcm` nhsth oh ouz uotrhvb`olth, d`cvbrâck`oh lc lclrmçh ño. D`g` lvbklcdbh, âo nh drlhk` oègphrhs loâdtrbdhs qul fucdb`chc d`c glohcbch, qul dblrthglctl, phrh gç, ls hom` guy bctlrlshc bctlrlshctl tl h tlclr lc dulcth. Oh `trh fulctl p`sbeol kl lclrmçh klo dulrp` ls oh lclrmçh târgbdh kl oh rhkbhdbôc bcfrhrr`ah. \c trheha` klo Kr. Y`oohdj, kl oh \cbvlrsbkhk kl ]hsnbcmt`c (‟Oh duhrth fhsl klo hmuh‗), s`slcl qul ohs hmuhs lstrudturhkhs s`c dhphdls kl hoghdlchr loldtr`cls clmhv`s, qul s`c oh vlrkhklrh fulctl kl oh lclrmçh kl culstr`s gñsduo`s y dâouohs. Gl phrldl guy oômbd` d`g` o` pohctlh, yh qul lo 22% kl o`s gñsduo`s ls hmuh y lsth hmuh lstè lstrudturhkh. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` rlsp`ckl d`c sudblctl lclrmçh ho lalrdbdb` bckudbk` p`r lo dlrler` y `tr`s d`gp`clctls eb`quçgbd`s, d`g` oh H[Y. O`s gñsduo`s sl d`ctrhlc klebk` h oh rllstrudturhdbôc rllstrudturhdbôc klo hmuh y o` shelg`s p`r lo klsduerbk`r kl oh vbthgbch D, lo Yrlgb` C`elo Hoelrt Tzlct-Myörmyb. Oh rlhddbôc klo hmuh lstrudturhkh ls bcglkbhth. Yhrh glkbr oh dhrmh sl uobzh lo @UY (@xbkh`c hck Ulkud`c Y`tlcho) Y`tlcho) qul ls lo p`tlcdbho kl `xbkhdbôc y rlkuddbôc. Lo @UY ls uc târgbc` ushk` frldulctlglctl lc oh bckustrbh kl trhthgblct` kl hmuh y pr`dlshgblct` kl hobglct`s. Ls uch glkbkh kl oh obgpblzh klo hmuh y su dhphdbkhk phrh klsd`gp`clr o`s d`cthgbchctls. [blcl uc rhcm` kl -5999 gV h +5999 gV. O`s slcs`rls kl @UY fucdb`chc gbkblck` lo `xçmlc` kbsulot`. Gès d`cthgbchctls lc lo hmuh pr`kudlc glc`s `xçmlc` kbsulot` p`rqul o`s `rmècbd`s lstèc d`csugblck` lo `xçmlc` y, p`r o` thct`, glc`r ls lo cbvlo kl @UY. Duhct` gès hot` slh lo cbvlo kl @UY, gès dhphdbkhk tlckrè lo hmuh phrh klstrubr d`cthgbchctls lxtlrc`s, d`g` gbdr`eb`s ` d`cthgbchctls ehshk`s lc lo dhre`c`. Lo hmuh lstrudturhkh lcl gès `xçmlc` p`r dhkh èt`g` kl nbkrômlc` y, p`r o` thct`, gès lclrmçh, d`c uch d`gp`sbdbôc kl N 4@5, ` hmuh slgbdrbsthobch kl oh duhrth fhsl. Gb nbpôtlsbs ls qul lo dulrp` drlh `xbnbkrômlc` (NN@), thgebâc d`c`dbk` d`g` Er`wc‒s Mhs) glkbhctl lo lalrdbdb` klskl dblrt` puct` lc hklohctl y o` ush dhthoçdhglctl. Tb phsh NN@ h trhvâs kl uc dhthobzhk`r, drlh lc`rgls dhckhkls kl dho`r sbc oohgh: tlclg`s uch tlgplrhturh kl oohgh kbcègbdh 4>> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 qul klplckl klo ghtlrbho y c` klo mhs (!) qul pulkl hodhczhr o`s 6999 ¹D lc lo dhs` klo tucmstlc`, p`r lalgpo`. °Xuâ ls hmuh lstrudturhkh0 lstrudt urhkh0 [`k`s shelg`s qul lo hmuh lcl trls fhsls eblc d`c`dbkhs1 sôobkh, oçqubkh y mhsl`sh. Tbc lgehrm` lo hmuh lstrudturhkh lstè lctrl sôobkh y oçqubkh. Y`r o` thct`,, pulkl slr d`csbklrhkh d`g` uch ;ª fhsl kl hmuh. thct` Oh d`gp`sbdbôc klo hmuh pbdh klo mrbf` ls N5@, gblctrhs qul oh duhrth d uhrth fhsl ls lc rlhobkhk N4@5. Lsth ñogh lcl gès vbsd`sbkhk qul lo hmuh c`rgho y lstè gès `rmhcbzhkh y gès hodhobch qul lo hmuh d`gñc. Hklgès, sus pr`pblkhkls ôpdhs s`c kbflrlctls yh qul lo çckbdl kl rlfrhddbôc klo hmuh lstrudturhkh ls d`g` gçcbg` uc 89% gès hot` qul lo hmuh d`gñc, huglcthck` lo ua` kl Eb`f`t`cls. Lstl hmuh lstrudturhkh kl oh duhrth fhsl thgebâc ls oohghkh hmuh LQ qul sbmcbdh (Lxdousb`c Q`cl) Q`ch kl Lxdousbôc. O` qul lstl hmuh ls dhphz kl lxdoubr s`c g`oâduohs plquløhs, d`g` t`xbchs ` phtômlc`s y `durrl lc oh chturholzh d`c oh oouvbh ` ohs hmuhs kl fulctls pr`fuckhs y lc t`khs ohs dâouohs vbvblctls. Lstl hmuh lcl uch dhrmh clmhvh y p`r o` thct`, t`kh hmuh dlouohr lcl uch dhrmh clmhvh. Hmuh d`gñc klo mrbf` N5@ • • • • • [blcl glc`r vho`r clmhv` Glc`s vbsd`sh Glc`s `rklchkh Glc`s hodhobch Glc`r dhphdbkhk kl rlfrhddbôc • [rls fhsls Tl glzdoh d`c `trhs g`oâduohs H (;ª ) N4@5 • • • • • • • [blcl ghy`r vho`r clmhv` Gès vbsd`sh Gès `rklchkh Gès hodhobch Çckbdl kl rlfrhddbôc rlfrhddbôc 89% gès hot`. Duhrth fhsl ` LQ Lxdouyll g`oâduohs plquløhs kl su Lxdouy d`gp`sbdbôc. Lst` ghclcl ohs t`xbchs y phtômlc`s fulrh klo hmuh lstrudturhkh. Duhct` gès `xçmlc` d`clcl lo hmuh, gès hot` ls lo @UY. Oh lvbklcdbh ls qul, ho høhkbr `z`c`, lo hmuh ls gès rbdh lc `xçmlc` y lcl uch dhrmh clmhvh ghy`r. Lsth dhrmh clmhvh ls oh rhzôc p`r oh qul lo `z`c` ls thc lfldv` lc lo hmuh. Y`klg`s d`cdoubr qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` d`c uc @UY kl d`g` gçcbg` 9,2< V (klctr` klo dulrp` h 46 ¹D y klebk` h oh lduhdbôc kl Clrcst, bcdous` gès) ho bcdrlglcthr lo `xçmlc` lc lo pohsgh shcmrl, pr`eheolglctl hyukl h bcdrlglcthr ohs hmuhs lstrudturhkhs, y lsth ls rhzôc p`sbeol p`r oh qul ls dhphz kl pr`p`rdb`chrc`s lclrmçh, y ho gbsg` lgp`, pr`tlmlrc`s d`ctrh phtômlc`s èdbk`s, ghctlcblck` uc lquboberb` plrfldt` lc lo glkb` bctlrc`. 4>2 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Lcshy`s Lcsh y`s doçcbd`s d`c `xbkhctls (`xçmlc` ( `xçmlc` lsthebobzhk`) lsthebobzhk`) O`s lstukb`s kl ohe`rht`rb` gbdr`eb`oômbd`s1 Lc 82>6, lo Ohe`rht`rb` kl Gbdr`eb`o`mçh kl oh \cbvlrsbkhk kl Tthcf`rk rlhobzô uch slrbl kl prulehs qul gulstrhc oh ldhdbh kl Kb`xydno`r® lc oh clutrhobzhdbôc kl uch mrhc vhrblkhk kl vbrus. Oh d`cdlctrhdbôc kl Kb`xydno`r® qul uobzô ful 9,=< ppg lc t`k`s o`s lstukb`s. O`s vbrus bcdouylc Nlrpls [bp` BB, N[OV-BBB N[OV -BBB y Dbt`glohmho`vbrus. Dbt`glohmho`vbr us. Lo lstukb` thgebâc bcdouçh oh ehdtlrbh Ysluk`g`chs. Ohs gbdr`mrhhs loldtrôcbdhs gulstrhc oh d`gpolth lrrhkbdhdbôc kl o`s vbrus y Ysluk`g`chs, klspuâs klo trhthgblct` Z6=W. Do`rbt` sôkbd` ushk` d`g` fèrghd`1 Ulsuothk` doçcbd` kl o`s lstukb`s kl Kb`xydno`r® (do`rbt` sôkbd` 7 ChDo@5 ho 5,<%). Lc o`s lcshy`s doçcbd`s sl rlhobzhr`c hpobdhdb`cls doçcbdhs kl Kb`xydno`r® ho vbrus kl Lpstlbc-Ehrr (LEV) Z6>W, dbt`glmho`vbrus (DGV), vbrus kl ohs nlphs H y E, lo VBN (vbrus klo TBKH) T BKH) y `tr`s, kl ghclrh d`ccuh. Lo HKC klo LEV klctr` klo pr`pb` vbrus lstè lc uch f`rgh obclho. Homñc lgp` klspuâs kl oh bcflddbôc, o`s lxtrlg`s lstèc ucbk`s lctrl sç, drlèck`sl oh f`rgh dbrduohr (lpbs`gh). \ch vlz qul lsth f`rgh kl HKC lstè rglglctl lstheoldbkh, oh dâouoh lstè lc uc lsthk` ohtlctl. Lo vbrus plrghcldl lc lstl lsthk` lc dblrths dâouohs E phrh lo rlst` kl oh vbkh klo phdblctl. Horlklk`r klo 89% kl ohs dâouohs E lstèc lc oh f`rgh hdvh lc uc lsthk` kl pr`obflrhdbôc Z62W. \c lstukb` doçcbd` kl Glkbdho Lpstlbc-Ehrr slkurhctl oolvô hucdhe` d`c kl o`sduhtr` pr`kudt`s eb`oômbd`s lsthk`ucbklcsls Dlctlr, plrç`k` hø`s, klskl 8225 h 8226. Lcshy` doçcbd`1 ‛ Cñglr` kl dhs`s1 ◀ Nheçhc 859= phdblctls phdblctls trhthk`s trhthk`s d`c lo pr`t`d`o` kl Kb`xydno`r®. ◀ =>; phdblctls phdblctls fulr`c gualrls (6<%). ◀ ;54 phdblctls phdblctls lrhc kl slx` slx` ghsduobc` (4<%). ◀ Ohs lkhkls `sdbohr`c `sdbohr`c lctrl lctrl 86 nhsth nhsth <5 hø`s. ‛ Lsthk` bcbdbho1 ◀ O`s tuo`s lolvhk`s lolvhk`s kl BmM lc sulr` sulr` behc kl ;99 h <.>99. ◀ Lo trhthgblct` trhthgblct` ful bctlcsbv` kurhctl 8; kçhs. 429 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 ‛ Glkbdhdbôc1 ◀ [`k`s o`s glkbdhglct`s fulr`c sugbcbstrhk`s sug bcbstrhk`s p`r p `r Hglrbdhc Hglr bdhc Eb`o`mbds. ‛ [lrhpbh (oçclh kl ehsl)1 ◀ Kb`xydno`r® - m`tl` bctrhvlc`s`, 89 dd lc 899 dd kl s`oudbôc shobch, t`k`s o`s kçhs. O`s lstukb`s p`r vçh bctrhvlc`sh rlhobzhk`s lc lo Dlctr` Gâkbd` Eb`oômbd` kl Hgârbdh, nhc lstheoldbk` qul 89 go kl Kb`xydno`r® h 5<.999 ppg (7 5,<%) lc 899 go kl s`oudbôc shobch sb`oômbdh, hkgbcbstrhkh kurhctl 49 gbcut`s, ls uc cbvlo kl k`sbdhdbôc slmurh. ◀ Kb`xydno`r® - sueobcmuho, sueobcmuho, 89 m`ths kleha` kleha` kl oh olcmuh, k`s vldls vldls ho kçh. ◀ Lo lxtrhdt` lxtrhdt` kl g` (bctrhgusduohr) (bctrhgusduohr) - slghcho. ◀ Vbthgbch D - 8< m phrlctlrho (p`r m`tl`). ‛ Ulsuothk`s (pr`glkb`s)1 ◀ Gla`rçh doçcbdh doçcbdh lgp` gçcbg`1 4 kçhs. ◀ Tbmcbdhvh gla`rçh doçcbdh1 89 - 59 kçhs. ◀ Hcdulrp` (BmM), rlkuddbôc klo klo 29%, ?4< kçhs. C 1 Ho phrldlr chkbl sl kb` dulcth lc lstl lstukb` qul oh Vbthgbch D (èdbk` hsdôrebd`) lrh lo èdbk` qul ‟hdvheh‗ lo do`rbt` sôkbd` d`cvbrlck`o` lc kbôxbk` kl do`r` (Kb`xydno`r® ho 5,<%). 1) Lo do`rbt` sôkbd` ls d`c`dbk` d`g` oh s`oudbôc kl 5;,<% d`c oh klc`gbchdbôc KHD C-9<< lc lo dôkbm` fhrghdâud` holgèc. Nhy uc lstukb` rlhobzhk` lc 82>4 k`ckl uc pr`kudt` fhrghdâud` d`c lo c`gerl @x`flrbc℥ ful rlmbstrhk` kl ghclrh olmho l bcdous` n`y sl pulkl d`gprhr oh s`oudbôc sbc rldlth, d`g` glkbdhglct` mlcârbd`, d`c lo c`gerl @x`vhsbc d`c uc prldb` horlklk`r kl o`s 59 lur`s. Tl trhth kl uch s`oudbôc glzdohkh qul d`clcl do`rbt` sôkbd`, qul ls oh ehsl phrh drlhr kbôxbk` kl do`r` uch vlz sl hdbkbdh (7hdvh). @tr` pr`kudt` `frldbk` lc ohs fhrghdbhs holghchs ls uch s`oudbôc bcflrb`r h 4999 ppg d`c lo c`gerl p`r @^@THC\G ho bmuho qul uc pr`kudt` d`c lo c`gerl Eb`-Dno`r-K`x®. Oh lgprlsh Fr`clr Ynhrghdludho `frldl gudn`s pr`kudt`s ehshk`s lc lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` d`g` p`r lalgpo` phrh oh nbmblcl klctho Kb`xb Erbtl℥. \c lstukb` k`eol dblm` lc 8; phdblctls klg`strô su lfldvbkhk trhtèck`sl oh mbcmbvbs. Lst`s rlsuothk`s s`c sbmcbdhctls y fulr`c bgp`rthctls phrh oh 428 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh hpr`ehdbôc kl oh FKH. Oulm` dulcth d`c `tr`s cuglr`s`s pr`kudt`s, thgebâc ehshk`s lc lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` d`g`1 Kb`xb ]nbtl®, Ylcltrht`r℥ mlo, k`ckl lo ñog` lstè lcf`dhk` ho trhthgblct` kl oh plrbt`cbs, hpr`ehk` p`r oh FKH. @tr` pr`kudt` fhrghdâud` ls Fbrl Fbmntlr® phrh trhthgblct`s kl qulghkurhs y Chbo-Bt® phrh trhthgblct` kl uøhs: thgebâc dulcthc d`c lo pr`kudt` Tbgpoy Dolhr℥ phrh lo trhthgbl trhthgblct` ct` klo hdcâ. Oh lgprlsh lur`plh qul gès nh trhehahk` d`c lsth susthcdbh ls oh lgprlsh @^@ lc Eblolflok, Holghcbh, eha` oh kbrlddbôc klo Kr. Jÿncl qul hphrtl kl klshrr`oohr lo pr`kudt` @x`flrbc℥, o` klcl d`g` uch ghtrbz kl do`rbt`, d`c lo c`gerl tltrhdo`r tltrhdo`r`kldhôxbk` `kldhôxbk` ([DK@). Lo Gbcbstlrb` kl Thouk Holgèc (EMH) dbcd` hø`s klspuâs clmô r`tuckhglctl lsth d`gp`sbdbôc lc kbdnh susthcdbh. Tl qubtô oh klcbdbôc kl [DK@ kl t`k`s o`s pr`kudt`s, yh qul oh lxbstlcdbh kl `xçmlc` lc uch ghtrbz kl do`rbt`, sl kbsdutl bcdous` nhsth n`y. Kl t`khs ghclrhs, sbrvbô phrh `etlclr vhrbhs phtlctls s`erl d`gebchdb`cls kl do`rbt` y kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Lo Gbcbstlrb` kl Thouk Holgèc klcbô qul ‟Chtrbug Do`r`sug‗ ls oh susthcdbh hdvh klo do`rbt` sôkbd` duhck` lo kbôxbk` sl `elcl h trhvâs kl uch s`oudbôc kl plrôxbk`, sbc qul nhyh do`rht` rlsbkuho lc oh s`oudbôc hdu`sh. Nhy lstukb`s qul prulehc qul lo „Chtrbug Do`r`sug‒ ` do`rbt` sôkbd` ho ;,<% slmñc KHD C-9<< kl oh fhrghd`plh holghch, c` s`ohglctl ls hcsâpd`, sbc` qul ho gbsg` lgp` nh klg`strhk` slr ldhz lc oh rlmlclrhdbôc kl tlabk`. Oh phtlctl gès hcmuh kl uch prlphrhdbôc kl do`rbt`, khth kl 826; y sl klsdrbel d`g` oh prlphrhdbôc kl do`rbt`, qul duhck` sl hdbkbdh (7 hdvh) `trh vlz lo pN kl <-6, sl vulovl h obelrhr kbôxbk` kl do`r`, y p`r o` thct` sl klc`gbcheh kbôxbk` kl do`r` d o`r` lsthebobzhk`. Y xô Lo guck` pr`flsb`cho d`c`dl guy eblc ohs tlrhpbhs d`c `xbkhctls d`g` p`r lalgpo` lo `z`c` ` lo plrôxbk` kl nbkrômlc` (hmuh `xbmlchkh). ◀ (@N) Uhkbdhols nbkr`xbo` (L7 5.> V`o`s) ◀ (@4) @z`c` (L75.9= V`o`s) ◀ (N5@5) Yl Ylrôxbk` kl kl nb nbkrômlc` (L78.=> V` V`o`s) ◀ (Do5) Do`r` g`olduohr (L78.46 V`o`s) ◀ (Do@5-) B`c Do`rbt` (L78.<= V`o`s) ◀ (Do@5) Kbôxbk` kl do`r` (L79,2< V`o`s) 425 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 @tr`s klsbcfldthctls s`c1 lo nbp`do`rbt` kl s`kb`, `z`c` y lo plrôxbk` kl nbkrômlc`. Tbc lgehrm`, sôo` sl pulkl uobzhr lc plquløhs dhckhkls, klebk` h su t`xbdbkhk lc lo tlabk`, bcdous` h ehahs d`cdlctrhdb`cls, p`r o` qul su uobzhdbôc ls obgbthkh. Lo nbp`do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@), ` olaçh, c` klel d`cfuckbrsl cucdh d`c lo do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@5), sbc lgehrm`, sl uobzh lc trhthgblct`s kl oh rhçz klctho y pulkl dhushr uch bct`xbdhdbôc kl tlabk`, sb sl bcyldt bcyldthh lc lo tlabk` plrbhpbdho. Lo plrôxbk` kl nbkrômlc` (N5@5) thgp`d` ls ôpg` klebk` h su lolvhk` p`tlcdbho kl `xbkhdbôc kl 8,=4 V, qul pulkl khøhr lo tlabk`. Hklgès kl qul gudnhs ehdtlrbhs s`c dhphdls kl rlsbsr lo N5@5, yh qul su lczbgh kl dhthohsh o` klsd`gp`cl rèpbkhglctl plrgblck` rlsbstlcdbhs ho N5@5. Lc o`s ñog`s 59 hø`s, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` nh d`erhk` bgp`rthcdbh d`g` klsbcfldthctl `rmècbd` y sus dhrhdtlrçsdhs fhv`rheols ol d`cvblrtlc lc lo eb`dbkh plrfldt`. Tbc lgehrm`, c` sl uobzh kl ghclrh d`gñc d`g` hcsâpd`. \ch kl ohs rhz`cls pulkl slr oh d`cthgbchdbôc d`c `tr`s d`gp`clctls lc su fherbdhdbôc, ` lo pN èdbk`. @trh pruleh dblcdh doçcbdh kl qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` purbdhk` ls uc fèrghd` sloldv` hcehdtlrbhc`, qul pulkl slr uobzhk` d`g` uc hcsâpd` o`dho, sl nh nldn` lc Eukhplst, Nucmrçh. Oh bcvlsmhdbôc lstuv` kbrbmbkh p`r Q`othc C`s. Ohs prulehs fulr`c nldnhs lc oh \cbvlrsbkhk Tlgglowlbs Z=9W, lc Eukhplst, lc d`cauct` d`c oh doçcbdh Tt. Bgrl, y sl lstè bcvlsmhck` lo p`rquâ klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lobgbchr rèpbkhglctl ehdtlrbhs y `tr`s phtômlc`s sbc dhushr khø` lc nughc`s y hcbghols. Oh glth ls lcd`ctrhr lo gldhcbsg` kl rlhddbôc y kbfusbôc klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, qul klg`strhrçh kl ghclrh prb`rbthrbh oh dhush kl lsth sloldvbkhk. L â 1 Tl nbdblr`c glkbkhs kl oh bcdousbôc klo Do@ 5 h trhvâs kl ohs glgerhchs pr`tlçcbdhs, klcblck` oh rholczhdbôc tlgp`rho klo trhcsp`rtl klo Do@ 5 lctrl rlhddbôc y kbfusbôc. Yhrh kltlrgbchr oh pr`fuckbkhk kl oh bcdousbôc klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` y lo lgp` kl lobgbchdbôc ehdtlrbhch, sl nbdblr`c lduhdb`cls kl rlhddbôc kbfusbôc lc o`s sldt`rls. O`s phdblctls d`c nlrbkhs bcfldthkhs fulr`c trhthk`s d`c uch s`oudbôc hdu`sh kl Do@ 5 (499 ppg) y sl k`duglctô lo pr`dls` kl durhdbôc. Ulsuothk`s1 Oh oly kl vlo`dbkhk klo g`klo` kl rlhddbôc-kbfusbôc, kltlrgbch qul lo lgp` kl lobgbchdbôc ls pr`p`rdb`cho ho duhkrhk` klo thghø` dhrhdtlrçsd` (d`g` p`r lalgpo` lo kbègltr`). Lst` lxpobdh p`r quâ ohs ehdtlrbhs plquløhs 424 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh s`c lobgbchkhs kl ghclrh rèpbkh, yh qul lo lgp` kl lobgbchdbôc kl uch ehdtlrbh lc uch s`oudbôc kl 499 ppg klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls kl uc`s p`d`s gbobslmuck`s y lxpobdh p`rquâ lsl lgp` ls sudblctl phrh lobgbchr t`khs ohs ehdtlrbhs, klebk` h oh plcltrhdbôc klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc lo tlabk` vbv`, qul lstè d`c slmurbkhk p`r kleha` kl 9,8 gg, lvbthck` lo khø` klo gbsg`. Ho gbsg` lgp` qul sl gbcbgbzh lo khø` dlouohr, fulr`c kbsdukhs `trhs vlcthahs klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, lc su us` d`g` hcsâpd`. \ch kl ohs gès bgp`rthctls ful qul ohs ehdtlrbhs c` pulklc drlhr rlsbstlcdbhs d`ctrh lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, yh qul rlhddb`ch d`c o`s `ols, bckbsplcsheols lc t`k`s lst`s `rmhcbsg`s. Ulsuglc1 Oh vlrkhklrh rhzôc kl oh sloldvbkhk klo Do@ 5 lctrl nughc`s y ehdtlrbhs c` ls su kbflrlctl eb`quçgbdh, sbc` su thghø` kbflrlctl. O`s prbglr`s rlsuothk`s doçcbd`s kl lstl hcsâpd` sl lstèc lstukbhck` y chcdbhck` p`r oh @[JH Mrhct ==29>. Kbôxbk` kl do`r`1 Do@ Do@5 Oh hddbôc tlrhpâudh klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lstè khkh p`r su sloldvbkhk p`r pN. Tbmcbdh qul lsth g`oâduoh sl kbs`dbh klo b`c kl do`rur` y obelrh lo `xçmlc` duhck` lctrh lc d`cthdt` d`c `tr` èdbk`. Ho rlhddb`chr sl d`cvblrtl lc do`rur` sôkbd` (sho d`gñc) y ho gbsg` lgp` obelrh `xçmlc`, qul h su vlz lc d`cauct` d`c lo b`c kl do`rur` `xbkh (d`geus`ch) o`s phtômlc`s (mârglcls c`dbv`s) kl pN èdbk` prlslctls, d`cvbrâck`o`s lc ôxbk`s (‟dlcbzhs‗ hodhobchs). Y`r o` thct`, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ho kbs`dbhrsl obelrh `xçmlc` lc oh shcmrl, ho bmuho qul o`s lrbtr`dbt`s (moôeuo`s r`a`s) h trhvâs klo gbsg` prbcdbpb` (d`c`dbk` d`g` lo lfldt` E`nr), qul ls slr sloldv` p`r hdbklz. Ho bmuho qul oh shcmrl, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` obelrh lo `xçmlc` duhck` sl lcdulctrh d`c ghs hdbklz, yh slh p`r èdbk` oèdd` ` p`r oh hdbklz klo phtômlc`. Tu lfldt` tlrhpâud` ls klebk` ‛lctrl `tr`s‛ h qul hyukh lc oh rlduplrhdbôc kl gudn`s p`s kl lcflrglkhkls drlhck` uc lct`rc` ghs hodhobc`, lobgbchck` ho gbsg` lgp` phtômlc`s kl thghø` plqulø`, slmñc gb drbtlrb`, h trhvâs kl oh `xbkhdbôc, d`c uch s`erldhrmh loldtr`ghmcâdh loldtr`ghmcâdh bgp`sbeol kl kbsbphr p`r phrtl kl o`s `rmhcbsg`s ucbdlouohrls d`c pN èdbk`. Lo tlabk` pourbdlouohr lcl oh dhphdbkhk kl kbsbphr lsth dhrmh y c` sl vl hfldthk` kl oh gbsgh ghclrh. Oh eb`quçgbdh h su vlz, klcl oh pr`tlddbôc dlouohr h trhvâs kl o`s mrup`s suoçkrbd`s. Tl rlqublrl gès bcvlsmhdbôc dblcdh kl t`khs ghclrhs. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, qul ls lo slmuck` klsbcfldthctl gès fulrtl d`c`dbk` klspuâs klo `z`c`, ls gudn` gès bckbdhk` bckb dhk` phrh us` tlrhpâud` yh qul thgebâc 42; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 ls dhphz kl plcltrhr y lobgbchr lo eb`og, d`sh qul `tr`s klsbcfldthctls klsbcfldthctls c` o`mrhc. Oh mrhc vlcthah klo us` tlrhpâud` klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls oh bgp`sbebobkhk kl uch rlsbstlcdbh ehdtlrbhch ho Do@5. Hucqul lo `z`c` ls gès fulrtl lc târgbc`s hcsâpd`s, su hot` p`tlcdbho ôxbkhv` ôxbkhv` kl 5,9= V y su vbkh glkbh d`rth kl sôo` 8< gbcut`s, lc 5< ¹D, d`c uc vho`r kl pN kl =, o` nhdlc glc`s ldhz phrh hpobdhdb`cls tlrhpâudhs lc vbv`. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls uc `xbkhct `xbkhctll sloldv` y h kbflrlc kbflrlcdbh dbh kl `trhs susthcdbhs c` rlhddb`ch d`c oh ghy`rçh kl ohs d`gp`clctls klo tlabk` vbv`. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` sç rlhddb`ch rèpbkhglctl d`c o`s flc`ols y o`s `ols lslcdbhols phrh oh vbkh ehdtlrbhch. Lc o`s flc`ols lo gldhcbsg` d`csbstl lc hthdhr lo hcboo` kl elcdlc` lobgbchck` `o`r, she`r y `tr`s d`gpulst`s bctlrglkb`s Z=8W. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lobgbch vbrus kl f`rgh lfldvh y ls nhsth 89 vldls gès ldhz Z=5W qul lo nbp`do`rbt` sôkbd` (olaçh ` ohvhckbch) qul ful pr`ehk` lc uch d`gphrhvh Z=4W . [hgebâc klg`strô tlclr uch hoth ldhdbh d`ctrh phrèsbt`s plqulø`s, o`s Z=;W pr`t`z``s . \c tlgh qul prl`duph gudn` h o`s pr`flsb`chols pr`flsb`chols kl oh glkbdbch lc târgbc`s dblcd`-gâkbd`s, ls oh rlhdvbkhk klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` d`c o`s hgbc`èdbk`s lslcdbhols. Lc uc`s lcshy`s s`erl oh rlhdvbkhk klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` d`c 58 hgbc`èdbk`s lslcdbhols, sôo` oh dbstlçch Z=<W, trbptôfhc` Z=6W, r`sbch Z==W, pr`obch l nbkr`xbpr`obch Z=>W lrhc rlhdv`s lc uc pN horlklk`r kl 6. Âst`s hgbc`èdbk`s s`c rlohvhglctl fèdbols kl sustubr. Oh dbstlçch y gl`cbch Z=2W s`c k`s hgbc`èdbk`s hr`gèd`s qul d`clclc suofur`, trbptôfhc` y r`sbch y o`s 5 b`cls hc`rmècbd`s Fl5 + y Gc5+. Oh dbstlçch, klebk` h su plrtlclcdbh ho mrup` kl `ols, ls uc hgbc`èdbk` nhsth <9 vldls gès rlhdv` d`c t`k`s o`s sbstlghs kl gbdr`eb`s, qul o`s `tr` duhtr` hgbc`èdbk`s lslcdbhols, y p`r o` thct` ol rlsuoth bgp`sbeol drlhr uch rlsbstlcdbh d`ctrh lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Hucqul, nhsth oh fldnh c` lstè dblcdhglctl pr`ehk`, oh fhrghd`kbcègbdh fhrghd`kbcèg bdh sup`cl qul oh dhush kl su lfldt` hcgbdr`ebhc` sl klel h sus rlhddb`cls d`c o`s duhtr` hgbc`èdbk`s hrrbeh bckbdhk`s ` d`c o`s rlsbku`s kl pr`tlçchs y pâpkhs. 8. Lo kbôxbk` kl kl do`r`, ls uc uc mhs kl d`o`r hghrboo` hghrboo` qul sl kbsulovl kbsulovl fèdboglctl fèdboglctl lc hmuh, sbc hotlrhr su lstrudturh. 5. Tl `elcl h trhvâs kl glzdohr do`rbt` sôkbd` y èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` kboubk`. 4. Lo mhs klo kbôxbk` kbôxbk` kl do`r` kbsulot` kbsulot` lc hmuh ls uc `xbkhctl. `xbkhctl. ;. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` do`r` ls sloldv` p`r pN y duhct` ghs èdbk` èdbk` lo phtômlc`, gès fulrtl ls oh rlhddbôc. <. Tlmñc lstukb`s t`xbd`oômbd`s kl oh LYH LYH (\.T. Lcvbr`cglctho Yr`tld`c Hmlcdy) lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` c` klah rlsbku`s, cb sl hduguoh lc lo dulrp` h ohrm` pohz`. 6. Lc lo pr`dls` kl oh `xbkhdbôc sl d`cvblrtl d`cvblrtl lc `xçmlc` y do`rur` sôkbd` sôkbd` (sho d`gñc). 42< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Klebk` h qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls uc hmlctl `xbkhctl y uc rhkbdho oberl ho gbsg` lgp`, ls dhphz kl clutrhobzhr g`oâduohs rlhdvhs, thols d`g` C@, @5-, N5@5, NDo@, y @N-, qul s`c pr`kudbkhs p`r o`s ghdrôfhm`s, d`g` rlspulsth ho lstrâs ` h oh bcflddbôc, dhushck` bchghdbôc y k`o`rls. @tr`s d`gp`clctls dhushctls kl k`o`r, thols d`g` oh bctlroludbch, ` o`s oluj`trblc`s, thgebâc sl rlkudlc p`r `xbkhdbôc. Yhrh oh klsbcflddbôc kl nlrbkhs ls gudn` gès hpr`pbhk` qul lo y`k`, yh qul c` bgpbkl oh rld`clxbôc klo tlabk` Z>9W. Durb`shglctl sl pulkl bckbdhr qul cbcmuch ehdtlrbh nh drlhk` uch rlsbstlcdbh ho èdbk` nbp`do`r`s` (NDo@) qul ls uc hcsâpd` chturho uobzhk` p`r o`s clutrôo`s lc culstr` dulrp`. O`s clutrôo`s Z>8W s`c uc p` kl moôeuo`s eohcd`s oohghk`s fhm`dbt`s, qul ghthc h o`s gbdr`eb`s h trhvâs kl uc pr`dls` kl `xbkhdbôc qul d`csbstl lc oh obelrhdbôc klo èdbk` nbp`do`r`s` (NDo@) qul r`klh h oh ehdtlrbh phrh lobgbchroh. Lo èdbk` nbp`do`r`s` (NDo@) rlhddb`ch, ho bmuho qul lo Do@5, rèpbkhglctl d`c o`s hgbc`èdbk`s kl gl`cbch y dbstlbch, sbc lgehrm` oh rlhddb`c klo NDo@ ls kbflrlctl ho Do@ 5. Lo phrldbk` bgp`rthctl kl hge`s ls `evbhglctl lc rlohdbôc d`c oh rlhddbôc rèpbkh klo mrup` -TN kl dbstlçch: sbc lgehrm` oh bgp`rthctl kbflrlcdbh kbflrlcdbh ls qul lo NDo@ ls glc`s lspldçdh y rlhddb`ch d`c gudnhs `trhs susthcdbhs Z>5W. Gblctrhs lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` sl lvhp`rh guy rèpbkhglctl y ls dhphz kl ghthr ehdtlrbhs bcdous` lc su lsthk` kl mhs lo NDo@ c` lvhp`rh fèdboglctl y plrghcldl gès lgp` lc lo oumhr, oumhr, bcdous` duhck` d uhck` t`khs ohs ehdtlrbhs yh lstèc lobgbchkhs. Lstl nldn` pulkl dhushr uch bcflddbôc klo tlabk` yh qul NDo@ ls uc rlhdv` gès fulrtl. Yrldhudb`cls y `eslrvhdb`cls h tlclr lc dulcth phrh lo us` tlrhpâutbd` 8. Lo Do@5 lsth nldn` kl do`rbt` sôkbd` y uc èdbk`, lo gla`r ls lo èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` (NDo) rlehahk` ho ;%. 5. Lo prldurs`r, qul ls Do`rbt` Tôkbd` d`cdlctrhk` lc hmuh (ChDo@5 ho 5<%) pulkl brrbthr oh pblo ho slr hodhobc` fulrtl d`c uc pN 84. 4. Lo èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` rlehahk` (NDo ho ;%) pulkl brrbthr p`r su hdbklz pN 8, plr` c` ls plobmr`s` lc lsth d`cdlctrhdbôc. d`cdlctrhdbôc. ;. Ho glzdohr glzdohr hge`s sl mlclrh mlclrh lo mhs Do@5 lc ohs m`ths rlsuothck` kl uc d`o`r hghrboo` k`rhk`. <. Ho glzdohr glzdohr 4 m`ths kl hge`s h phrtls bmuhols kurhctl kurhctl 49 h 69 slmuck`s, slmuck`s, sl clutrhobzhc d`c uc pN <-6, ho høhkbr 899 go kl hmuh p`stlrb`rglct p`stlrb`rglctll 6. Oh glzdoh sl kbouyl sblgprl lc hmuh frlsdh, k`ckl lo mhs sl qulkh htrhphk` (?88 D 7 <8,> F). 426 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 =. Ho glzdohr 4 m`ths kl hge`s h phrtls bmuhols y ho høhkbr 899 go kl hmuh sl `elcl uch s`oudbôc bc`duh kl hpr`xbghkhglctl 9,99<% (<9 ppg). >. Nhy qul lvbthr oh bcnhohdbôc ghsbvh ghsbvh h ohrm` pohz` klo mhs kl kbôxbk` kl do`r`, dhckhkls plquløhs h d`rt` pohz` c` hfldthc clmhvhglctl. Lo Do@5 `xbkh mouthôc (MTN) h kbsuofht` kl mouthôc (MTTM) qul h su vlz lo dulrp` pulkl rlkudbr fèdboglctl `trh vlz h MTN Z>4W. [`k` o` d`ctrhrb` klo NDo@, qul hthdh o`s lcohdls kl ebsuot` y `xbkh lo MTN h suof`chgbkh kl mouthôc, qul drlh uch pârkbkh brrlphrheol kl MTN dlouohr. O`s mrup`s kl suoçkrbo`s pulklc pr`tlmlr `rmhcbsg`s pourbdlouohrls d`ctrh lo khø` dhushk` p`r kbôxbk` kl do`r` Z>;W. Lo Do@5 lcl oh rlhddbôc gès rèpbkh d`c o`s mrup`s -TN, yh qul gblctrhs nhy mrup`s -TN lc f`rgh kl MTN, âst`s rlhddb`chr`c bcglkbhthglctl bcglkbhthglc tl d`c lo Do@5 pr`tlmblck` `tr`s rlsbku`s hgbc`èdbk`s klo khø` `xbkhv`: `xbkhv `: hklgès lsth `xbkhdbôc ls uch rlhddbôc t`thoglctl rlvlrsbeol p`r lo Z><W dulrp` . Htrbeut`s klo Do@5 • • • • • D`ctr`oh lfldvhglctl homhs y eb`og. Lvhp`rhh rèpbkhglctl Lvhp`r rèpbkhglctl h phrr kl 88 ¹D. Ls uc vlrkhklr` kls`k`rhct kls`k`rhctll lobgbchck` lobgbchck` `o`rls p`r `xbkhdbôc. `xbkhdbôc. Ls uc mhs kl dhrmh clutrh lc hmuh (c` vhrçh lo pN). Ls uc mhs lxtrlghkhglctl s`oueol lc hmuh y c` sl d`gebch quçgbdhglctl. • Ls uc `xbkhctl quçgbd`, plr` c` ls p`r do`rhdbôc yh qul c` qulkh do`r` rlsbkuho. • Ls uc p`tlctl p`tlctl eb`dbkh ldhz ldhz thct` lc lo hbrl hbrl d`g` lc hmuh lc uc hgpob` rhcm` kl pN. • C` ls d`rr`sbv` d`rr`sbv` sb lo pN ls clutr` phrh phrh oh ghy`rçh kl lqubp`s lqubp`s y suplrdbls. • C` f`rgh do`rhgbchs ([NG) dhcdlrçmlchs. • C` f`rgh suepr`kudt` suepr`kudt`ss do`rhk`s khøbc`s. • C` rlhddb`ch rlhddb`ch d`c hg`cçhd` hg`cçhd` d`g` o` nhdl lo do`r`. do`r`. • Yulkl ghthr ghthr gbdr``rmhcbsg gbdr``rmhcbsg`s `s lc eb`ploçduohs plcltrèck`ohs, klebk` h su mrhc s`ouebobkhk lc hmuh. • [blcl uc ghy`r p`tlcdbho kl lobgbchdôc lobgbchdôc gbdr`ebhch gbdr`ebhch qul `tr`s `xbkhctls `xbkhctls d`c gès p`tlcdbho `xbkhv`. L , 5< 59.999 , Z>6W. 42= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Lc o`s lxplrbglct`s d`c hcbghols qul eleblr`c hmuh kurhctl 29 kçhs d`ctlcblck` 599 ppg kl Do@5, c` sl nhc p`kbk` `eslrvhr pr`eolghs bctlschols Z>=W. Oh prlmucth oômbdh ls °dôg` ls p`sbeol qul uch suesthcdbh c` hfldtl h nughc`s ` hcbghols sb ls bcmlrbkh y sbc lgehrm` ghtl h ohs ehdtlrbhs, vbrus, n`cm`s l bcdous` phrèsbt`s klo p` pr`t`z`hrb`0 Lo Do@5 klelrçh nhelr nldn` rlhddbôc d`c t`k` lo tlabk`, yh qul c` pulkl lvhp`rhrsl lc lo lstôghm`. Oh bctlrprlthdbôc kl oh bcvlsmhdbôc kb` d`g` rlsuothk` qul pr`eheolglctl o`s mrup`s -TN (suoçkrbo`s) fulr`c trhcsp`rthk`s h trhv t rhvâs âs kl rblm` shcmuçcl` kl o`s r`lk`rls y nhc pr`tlmbk` ohs dâouohs d âouohs lpbtlobhols klo lstôghm` y klo bctlsc` kl uch `xbkhdbôc brrlvlrsbeol p`r Do@5. Lcdbgh kl uc oçgbtl, ls kldbr lc uch k`sbs guy hoth y d`cdlctrhkh, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` sç ls dhphz kl `xbkhr lstrudturhs pr`tlçcbdhs h trhvâs kl oh `xbkhdbôc kl r`sbch y trbptôfhc` Z>>W. Lst` `durrl slmurhglctl d`c ohs ehdtlrbhs qul lstèc lcdbgh kl oh suplrdbl klo tlabk` bcfldthk`, yh qul su MTN sl lobgbch rèpbkhglctl h trhvâs kl Do@5. Tbc lgehrm`, sç pulklc s`erlvbvbr ohs dâouohs Z>2W kl o`s ghgçflr`s, h trhvâs klo rblm` shcmuçcl` qul trhcsp`rth -TN y `tr`s d`gp`clctls kl rlkuddbôc nhdbh ohs dâouohs, rlvbthobzèck`ohs d`csthctlglctl. d`csthctlglctl. Vbst` h trhvâs kl oh fhrghd`kbcègbdh p`r o` thct`, sl pulkl d`cdoubr, qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` hdtñh slmñc lo thghø` klo phtômlc`. °Lst` sbmcbdh qul klel nhelr lfldt` kl klsdhrmh loldtr`ghmcâdh0 loldtr`ghmcâ dh0 Oh mrhc kbflrlcdbh lctrl `rmhcbsg`s ucbdlouohrls y `rmhcbsg`s pourbdlouohrls ls qul lo pr`pb` rblm` shcmuçcl` hyukh h ohs dâouohs d âouohs klo `rmhcbsg` pourbdlouohrls h s`erlvbvbr y kbsbphr dhrmhs, gblctrhs qul lstl p` kl hyukh phrh ohs ehdtlrbhs c` ls p`sbeol. Klspuâs kl gudn`s hø`s kl bcdrlkuobkhk dblcdh s`erl oh ldhdbh klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` d`g` glkbdhglct` lc su us` p`r d`c oly nughc`s, choglctl yho`s sl nhc bcbdbhk` vhrb`s lstukb`s doçcbd`s hpr`ehk`s phrh qul dulctl d`c plrgbs`s `dbhols, phrh slr uobzhk` d`g` glkbdhglct` phrh lo trhthgblc trhthgblct` t` kl bcflddb`cls lc nughc`s Z29W. [`xbdbkhk klthoohkh Tl pulkl ollr p`r Bctlrclt qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls uc mhs tôxbd` y uc `xbkhctl fulrtl, uobzhk` phrh lo eohcqul` kl tlxols y phplo. Nhy gudnhs k`duglcthdb`cls mlcârbdhs qul o` bckbdhc: sbc lgehrm`, duhck` vhg`s ho klthool, p`klg`s `eslrvhr qul oh dhckhk qul sl uobzh phrh lo eohcqul` kl phplo c` lstè lc rlohdbôc d`c o` qul sl klsdrbel lc lstl ober`. Yhrh lo eohcqul` kl phplo y kl slkh sl uobzh lo kbôxbk` do`r` kl ghclrh guy d`cdlctrhkh lc d`cauct` d`c glthc`o. Oh d`cdlctrhdbôc uobzhkh uobzhkh ls kl 88 m p`r obtr`. Lc d`cauct` d`c 84> m p`r obtr` kl do`rht` sôkbd` (ChDo@ 4) qul ls uc `xbkhctl gudn` gès hmrlsbv` y c`dbv` Z28W. 42> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 Oh d`cdlctrhdbôc phrh trhthgblct`s klsdrbt`s lc lstl ober`, c` suplrh o`s 9,995< m/jm nhebtuhoglctl y oh k`sbs gès hoth hoth glcdb`chkh ls 9,955< 9,955< m/jm lc su us` d`g` trhthgblct` trhthgblct` d`ctrh oh ghohrbh. Tb sl nheoh klo kbôxbk` d`g` eohcqulhk`r sl lstè d`gphrhck` uch s`oudbôc <2.699 vldls gès d`cdlctrhkh. Hklgès, lstl d`gpulst` lcl uch quçgbdh gudn` gès fulrtl qul ghy`rbthrbhglctl ls do`rht`. Nhy qul rld`c`dlr qul lsths hrghdb`cls fhoshs, qulkhc eblc lc o`s glkb`s kl d`gucbdhdbôc slcshdb`chobsths, phrh drlhr p`oâgbdh, sbc lgehrm` lshs hpobdhdb`cls lstèc guy ola`s kl oh rlhobkhk klsdrbth lc lstl ober`. Ylr`, hctls kl nheohr kl t`xbdbkhk, nhy qul d`c`dlr o`s prbcdbpb`s qul oh klclc1 8. Oh dhckhk dhckhk kl tôxbd` 5. Lo oumhr k`ckl hfldth 4. Oh d`cdlctrhdbôc ;. Oh kurhdbôc kl oh lxp`sbdbôc • Oh t`xbdbkhk t`xbdbkhk klo kbôxbk` kbôxbk` kl do`r` do`r` ls hdlrthkh lc lo dhs` kl bcnhohdbôc, qul c` ls o` gbsg` qul oh bcmlsôc. • Lc dhs` kl bcnhohdbôc bcnhohdbôc kl hbrl hbrl qul d`clcl d`clcl uch mrhc mrhc dhckhk kl mhs kl kbôxbk` do`r`, pulkl lxplrbglcthr brrbthdbôc kl mhrmhcth, chrbz y puog`cls. • Kl ghclrh klghsbhk` d`cdlctrhkh d`cdlctrhkh pr`kudl brrbthdb`cls brrbthdb`cls rlvlrsbeols rlvlrsbeols lc o`s `a`s. • Oh bcmlsôc bcmlsôc c` ls d`csbklrhkh d`csbklrhkh tôxbdh, tôxbdh, klplckblck` klplckblck` kl oh k`sbs. • Dohr` lstè qul sç ls tôxbdh oh bcnhohdbôc klo mhs, kurhctl uch lxp`sbdbôc pr`o`cmhkh. Tôo` lxbstl uc dhs` k`duglcthk` lc oh nbst`rbh gâkbdh1 lo kl uc trhehahk`r kl uch fèerbdh quçgbdh, qul fhooldbô obgpbhck` obg pbhck` ‟bchklduhkhglctl‗, ‟bchkld uhkhglctl‗, klctr` kl uc klpôsbt` bckustrbho lc 82<2, rlspbrhck` p`r loo`, ghsbvhs dhckhkls klo mhs. Lc prulehs d`c hcbghols uch d`ehyh gurbô klspuâs kl lsthr lxpulsth ;; gbcut`s h uch d`cdlctrhdbôc lc lo hbrl kl ;59 gm/g4, gblctrhs oh gbsgh d`cdlctrhdbôc kurhctl dbcd` ` 8< gbcut`s c` ful oltho Z25W. Lc `tr` lstukb` lc k`ckl sl s l lxpus` 4 h duhtr` rht`cls h uch dhckhk gudn` gès lolvhkh kl =5> gm/g , kurhctl k`s n`rhs y sôo` uc` kl o`s duhtr` rht`cls fhooldbô p`r lklgh puog`chr Z24W. O , , hsç qul, sb o`s bcmblrl uch mrhc dhckhk d`cdlctrhkh, pulkl lxplrbglcthr brrbthdb`cls, plr` trhthgblct`s rlhobzhk`s p`r o`s v`oucthrb`s glcdb`chk`s lc lstl ober` c` lxp`clc h dhckhkls sudblctlglctl mrhckls d`g` phrh khøhr plrghclctlglctl su dulrp`. (C` nhy dhs` g`rtho k`duglcthk` dblcdhglctl kl bct`xbdhdbôc p`r 422 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh bcmlsôc kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc oh obtlrhturh dblcdh. Yr`eheolglctl, bckudl ho vôgbt` gudn` hctls kl oolmhr h uch dhckhk drçdh p`sbeol p`r bcmlsôc). Tç, lxbstlc lc oh obtlrhturh dhs`s kl bct`xbdhdbôc d`c lo prldurs`r klo kbôxbk`, lo do`rbt` sôkbd`, qul c` ls oh gbsgh suesthcdbh. Lc târgbc`s mhstr`bctlschols nhy uc dhs` k`ckl oh bcmlsôc kl 89 m kl do`rbt` sôkbd` (qul ls lo lqubvholctl h hpr`xbghkhglctl >45 m`ths kl uch s`oudbôc kl do`rbt` sôkbd` ho 5<% lc uch s`oh t`gh) kbsulot` lc hmuh lc uc vhrôc dnbc` kl 5< hø`s dhusô chuslh y vôgbt`s d`c dhohgerls hek`gbchols d`c drbsbs nlg`oçdh lc uc bctlct` kl subdbkb` frustrhk` Z2;W. Klspuâs kl trls glsls oh fucdbôc rlcho v`ovbô h slr c`rgho. \c`s lstukb`s s`erl lfldt`s nlpèd`s d`c nughc`s, rlvlohr`c qul oh k`sbs kl 5; gm/jm c` dhushr`c lfldt`s hkvlrs`s nlpèd`s Z2<W. Lxbstlc nhsth oh fldnh < dhs`s kl bct`xbdhdbôc slvlrh k`duglcthkh d`c lo prldurs`r kl k`ckl do`r`, qul ls lo do`rbt` sôkbd`, kl o`s duhols 4 fulr`c bctlct`skloklkbôxbk` subdbkb`, o`s sualt`s bcmlrçhc dhckhkls gès kl 899 vldls p`r lcdbgh kl o` lxpulst` lc lstl ober`. Hucqul nue` fhoo` nlpèd`-rlcho c` klaô khø`s plrghclctls h cbcmuc` kl o`s dhs`s klsdrbt`s lc lo YueGlk. Tl pulkl d`csbklrhr uch susthcdbh quçgbdh ehsthctl kôdbo p`r uch sbgpol rhzôc1 °kl duèct`s glkbdhglct`s p`klg`s t`ghr 899 vldls oh dhckhk bckbdhkh sbc g`rbrc`s0 … s`c p`d`s, cb sbqublrh oh hspbrbch… ¡Hsç qul, sb homublc qublrl subdbkhrsl, eusqul `trh susthcdbh! Duhck` eusdhg`s kht`s s`erl oh t`xbdbkhk klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, p`klg`s lcd`ctrhr lc oh obtlrhturh dblcdh gudnhs rlflrlcdbhs ho do`rht` sôkbd` qul ls `trh susthcdbh gudnh gès hmrlsbvh y ho do`rbt` d o`rbt` sôkbd`, qul ls lo prldurs`r klo Do@5 d`c uc pN 84, qul ls lxtrlghkhglctl hodhobc`. Duhck` ollg`s k`duglct`s qul rlohdb`chc lsths susthcdbhs d`c oh qul trhthg`s lc lstl ober`, sbgpolglctl dhrldlc kl rbm`r dblcd`, yh qul sl trhth kl susthcdbhs kbscths. Yhrh d`crghr oh slmurbkhk lc lo us` klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` phrh p`thebobzhr lo hmuh, oh hmlcdbh chdb`cho hglrbdhch LYH, LYH, lc d`ohe`rhdbôc d`c `trhs d`gphøçhs kl sugbcbstr` kl hmuh p`theol, rlhobzhr`c gès kl 899 k`duglct`s dblcd`s bcvlsmhck` oh t`xbdbkhk klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Lc ohs prulehs, o`s hcbghols kl ohe`rht ohe`rht`rb` `rb` tlcçhc qul bcmlrbr dhckhkls kl nhsth 8 m p`r obtr`. Tl puk` hvlrbmuhr qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` y lo b`c kl do`rbt`, sl rlkudlc rèpbkhglctl klspuâs kl slr bcmlrbk`s. Lc uc lstukb` lc nughc`s o`s v`oucthrb`s nhc tlcbk` qul elelr s`oudb`cls Z26W nhsth 5; ppg sbc qul sl `eslrvhrh cbcmñc lfldt` hkvlrs` . Lc o`s lstukb`s kl rht`cls s`erl ghof`rghdbôc fltho c` nhc p`kbk` hvlrbmuhr cbcmñc lfldt` clmhv` nhsth 899 ppg Z2=W. Lo lstukb` rlvloô qul c` nue` cbcmñc dhgeb` nlght`oômbd` cb thgp`d` nbst`pht`oômbd`. nbst`pht`oômbd`. ;99 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 Lc uc lstukb` kl rht`cls k`ckl hkgbcbstrhr`c 8999 gm p`r obtr` kl f`rgh d`csthctll kurhctl slbs glsls, o`s vho`rls nlght`oômbd`s lc shcmrl c` g`strhr`c d`csthct cbcmñc dhgeb`, sbc lgehrm` klspuâs kl culvl glsls o`s cbvlols kl moôeuo`s r`a`s nlght`drbt` y nlg`mo`ebch nheçhc ehahk`. Lc o`s lstukb`s h ohrm` pohz` lc rht`cls y helahs qul rldbeblr`c kbôxbk` kl do`r` kurhctl k`s hø`s lc hoths k`sbs lc su hmuh, c` sl lcd`ctrhr`c bckbdb`s clmhv`s bcdous` d`c d`cdlctrhdb`cls hoths, kl 899 ppg. Tbgpolglctl c` lcflrghr`c. Lxbstlc `tr`s trheha`s dblcd`s k`ckl hrgh qul uch p`sbeol brrbthdbôc p`r bcmlsôc klplckl kl oh k`sbs y qul ls p`sbeol qul lolvl o`s cbvlols kl glthnlg`mo`ebch lc oh shcmrl dhushck` kl lsth ghclrh glc`s hes`rdbôc kl `xçmlc`. Duhck` lxhgbchg`s lxhgbchg`s kl dlrdh lsths hrghdb`cls, c`thg`s qul c` s`c prulehs dblcdhs sbc` nbpôtlsbs y p`stuohk`s phrh muhrkhrsl oh lsphokh, lc dhs` kl qul homublc, homñc kçh, pulkh pr`ehr o` d`ctrhrb`. C` sl trhth kl nldn`s pr`ehk`s, sbc` kl glrhs louduerhdb`cls. Klebk` h o`s kht`s `etlcbk`s nhsth oh fldnh y h su us` kurhctl gès kl <9 hø`s, sl pulkl d`csbklrhr qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` c` pr`kudl dècdlr, ls kldbr c` ls dhrdbcômlc`, thgp`d` sl nh p`kbk` pr`ehr su t`xbdbkhk lc târgbc`s kl rlpr`kuddbôc rlpr`kuddbôc.. Ulsuotthk`s dblctçfbd`s Ulsuo dblctç fbd`s kl oh lxp`sbdbôc `rho d`c kbôxbk` kl do`r` Yhrh hvlrbmuhr oh t`xbdbkhk oltho kl oh bcmlsôc kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` nhy qul lstheoldlr lo vho`r KO₌₉, qul sbmcbdh oh gulrtl kl <9% kl o`s hcbghols k`ckl sl hpobdh lsth k`sbs. Lc uc`s lstukb`s kl 8222 kl Tnb y ^bl (dblcd`s dnbc`s) sl kltlrgbcô qul lsth k`sbs lrh ghy`r qul 89.999 gm/jm lc rht`cls Z2>W. Lo lqubvholctl lqubvholc tl lc uc nughc` p`r o` thct` slrçhc >9.999 gm lc uch plrs`ch kl >9 jbo`s y ls guy bgpr`eheol qul lst` `durrh klebk` h su mrhc dhckhk. Lc oh obtlrhturh sl lcdulctrh oh d`gphrhdbôc klo do`rbt` sôkbd` d`c lo do`rht` sôkbd`, gblctrhs lo do`rht` sç pulkl pr`kudbr glthnlg`mo`ebclgbh, c` nh sbk` pr`ehk` qul lo do`rbt` p`r bcmlsôc lc k`sbs c`rghols oh pr`kuzdh. Duhck` ollg`s lc uc k`duglct` dblcd` ohs phoherhs ‟hphrlctlglctl, p`sbeolglctl, phrldl‗ sbmcbdh qul sl trhth kl louduerhdb`cls y c` kl kht`s brrlfutheols. Lo pr`eolgh hphrldl duhck` sl t`ghc lsths ‟nbpôtlsbs‗ d`g` kht`s brrlfutheols, yh qul c` rlprlslcthc uch vlrkhk dblcdh, sbc` oh p`sbebobkhk kl lst`s p`stuohk`s, plr` cucdh d`csbklrhk`s nldn`s pr`ehk`s ` klcbv`s. Lc dhs` d`ctrhrb`, oh dblcdbh sl d`cvblrtl lc uch rlobmbôc, uch drllcdbh, y klah kl slr uch klsdrbpdbôc kl nldn`s brrlfutheols. ;98 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Lo 5> kl ghy` kl 8228, oh Hodbkl D`rp`rh`c, C`rwhoj, D`cclddut, drlô oh Yhtlctl c.± <.982.;95, (pr`kudt` kl klsbcflddbôc kl d`cslrvhs kl shcmrl). Oh d`gphøçh Hodbkl uobzh do`rbt` phrh klsbcfldthr shcmrl vbvh y lc lo dhs` qul dhushrh glthnlg`mo`ebclgbh lvbklctlglctl c` p`krçh slr uobzhk` d`c lstl c. Dô f fâ z MCM1 Lc lo kçh 5> kl ghy` kl 8228, oh Hodbkl D`rp`rh`c, C`rwhoj, D`cclddut, drlh oh Yhtlctl c± <.982.;9. Lstl gât`k` phtlcthk` nh d`cslmubk` qul ohs frhddb`cls kl oh shcmrl (pohqulths, pohsgh, ltd..) pulkhc slr muhrkhkhs p`r ohrm` lgp` sbc lo rblsm` kl d`cthgbchdbôc gbdr`ebhch. Oh shcmrl y sus d`gp`clctls s`c susdlpeols kl slr bcfldthk`s p`r ehdtlrbhs. Lo us` hklgès lstè phtlcthk` klskl 822;, d`ctrh vbrus, lsp`rhs y n`cm`s susdlpeols kl slr d`ctrhçk`s ho slr ghcbpuohkh y hoghdlchkh oh shcmrl. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls d`csbklrhk` p`r su hdvbkhk hd vbkhk d`g` ehdtlrbdbkh, fucmbdbkh, lsp`rbdbkh, hcolvhk hcolvhkurhs urhs y hcvbrho. Oh prlslctl phtlctl sl ehsh lc oh obelrhdbôc kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc ohs e`oshs kl rld`mbkh kl oh shcmrl h trhvâs kl oh prlslcdbh klo do`rbt` kl s`kb` lc loohs auct` d`c lo hcd`hmuohc hcd`hmuohctl tl (èdbk` dçtrbd` d çtrbd` y dbtrht` sôkbd`) bckbsplcsheol phrh ghctlclr oh shcmrl lc lsthk` oçqubk` y ubk`. C` sl nhc `eslrvhk` lfldt`s hkvlrs`s rlspldt` rls pldt` h o`s fhdt`rls kl d`hmuohdbôc cb h oh hdvbkhk kl Fhdt`r VBBB y Fhdt`r B^. [hgp`d` sl nh `eslrvhk` cbcmñc dhgeb` lc oh g`oâduoh kl nlg`mo`ebch d`ctlcbkh lc lo nlghl. Lsth phtlctl thgebâc ls ño lc oh klsbcflddbôc klsbcfldd bôc kl ohs pohqulths yh slhc ohs `etlcbkhs kl nughc`s ` kl shcmrl kl `tr`s ghgçflr`s. O`s lstukb`s klgulstrhc oh fhoth kl t`xbdbkhk klo gât`k` ho hchobzhr bc vbtr` lo Fhdt`r VBBB (hcnlg`obd`). Oh shcmrl sl bcfldtô d`c lo Vbrus kl oh Lst`ghs Vlsbduohr (VTV). Y`stlrb`rglctl sl trhtô d`c lo gât`k` phtlcthk` (s`oudbôc kl do`rbt` sôkbd` + hdbk` oèdd` + hcd`hmuohctl LK[H). Fbchoglctl sl lstukbô oh hdvbkhk eb`oômbdh klo Fhdt`r VBBB y ohs pr`tlçchs dhsb c` nheçhc plrkbk` hdvbkhk eb`oômbdh. Ulspldt` h o`s lcshy`s rlhobzhk`s d`c pohqulths, lstl lcshy` bc`duoô L. d`ob h uch s`oudbôc kl d`cdlctrhk` kl pohqulths. Y`stlrb`rglctl sl trhtô d`c kbôxbk` kl do`r` h kbscths d`cdlctrhdb`cls d`cdlctrhdb`cls (44 ppg, <9 ppg, =< ppg, 899 ppg, 85< ppg, y 5<9 ppg) y sl vbô qul h phrr kl =< ppg kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` yh lrh lfldv` phrh lstlrbobzhr ohs pohqulths klo L. D`ob d`c qul sl nheçhc bcfldthk`. [hgebâc sl nh vbst` oh lfldvbkhk klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` p`r lo gbsg` gât`k` frlctl h oh bcflddbôc p`r Tthpnyo`d`ddus hurlus. Lstl gât`k` thgebâc prlvblcl oh trhcsgbsbôc kl vbrus, ehdtlrbhs y pr`t`z``s duhck` oh shcmrl ls kl uc k`chctl hsbct`gèd` bcfldthk` p`r phtômlc`s prlslctls lc su shcmrl. ;95 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 Lsths k`s phtlctls kl Hodbkl lvbklcdbhc qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` c` pulkl slr lo rlsp`csheol kl ohs glthnlg`mo`ebclgbh, cb klo kltlrb`r` kl oh glgerhch klo nlghl, yh qul bcvhobkhrçh su fucdbôc. Oh plrbt` klo bcf`rgl kbdl qul lsth phtlctl klgulstrh qul o`s hmlctls do`rbt` y kbôxbk` kl do`r` c` s`c nlg`oçd`s lc ohs k`sbs rld`glckhkhs. Lfldt`s rlp`rthk`s lc nughc`s Kbôxbk` kl do`r` c` ls uc tôxbd` gltheôobd` qul sl hduguoh lc lo dulrp` y qul plrtureh lo glthe`obsg` kl o`s gbdr``rmhcbsg`s oolmhck` h klstrubro`s. Ylrtlcldl h o`s eb`dbkhs `xbkhctls, qul supulsthglctl bctlrrugplc lo trhcsp`rtl kl cutrblctls h trhvâs kl oh phrlk dlouohr. Oh g`oâduoh kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` (Do@5) qulkh klstrubkh p`r oh rlhddbôc quçgbdh kl `xbkhdbôc1 lo `xçmlc` (@5) obelrhk` sl ucl ` eblc d`c nbkrômlc` phrh f`rghr hmuh (N 5@) ` eblc d`c dhre`c` (D) phrh f`rghr kbôxbk` kl dhre`c` (D@5). Lo b`c clutrho kl do`r` sl ucl ho s`kb` phrh khr oumhr h oh sho d`gñc (ChDo). Y`klg`s rlsugbr qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls uch suesthcdbh ehsthctl slmurh ushck` ohs k`sbs hklduhkhs. [`kh t`xbdbkhk sblgprl ls uch dulsôc kl d`cdlctrhdbôc y dhckhk, kl nldn` =9 m kl sho s ho d`gñc rlsuothc olthols. Nl p`kbk` vlr kurhctl o`s ñog`s hø`s qul pr`flsb`chols kl oh glkbdbch sl gl hdlrdhehc lc o`s slgbchrb`s y d`cflrlcdbhs phrh kldbrgl qul nheçhc d`gprhk` lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, plr` slmuçhc tlcblck` kukhs s`erl su t`xbdbkhk, lsplr` nhelr p`kbk` hyukhr h hdohrhr ohs kukhs uc p`qubt` hquç. Kbflrlcdbhs lctrl lo DKT y DK (GGT) Va va DKT • R` d`csbklr` lo DKT gès slmur` y lfldv`, yh yh qul c` dhush rlhddbôc slduckhrbh lc lo lstôghm` pr`kudblck` gès kbôxbk` kl do`r` kl ghclrh c` klslhkh, ho glzdohr glzdohrsl sl d`c o`s èdbk`s lst`ghdhols. • Tl nh p`kbk` p`kbk` d`gpr`ehr d`gpr`ehr qul lo DKT ls lfldv` lfldv` lc lclghs y kudnhs vhmbchols, bcdous` kurhctl lgp` pr`o`cmhk`, pulst` qul c` ls brrbthctl y c` cldlsbth lcauhmhrsl p`stlrb`rglctl. p`stlrb`rglctl. • Lo DKT c` ls thc èdbk`, ls dhsb hodhobc`. • Tu she`r y `o`r `o`r ls gudn` gès suhvl qul lo DK, DK, hklgès bcdous` bcdous` lc k`sbs guy hoths c` pr`kudl kbhrrlhs d`ccuhkhs, yh qul ls hes`rebk` hctls ;94 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh kl oolmhr ho bctlsc`. Kl g`glct` c` nhy d`ctrhbckbdhdb`cls d`ctrhbckbdhdb`cls d`c`dbkhs, bcdous` sb oh plrs`ch lcl mhstrbs ` hdbklz. • Lo DKT sl d`cslrvh d`cslrvh gla`r muhrkhk` muhrkhk` lc e`tloohs kl drbstho y lc frç` p`r p`r kleha` kl o`s 88 ¹D, hucqul pulkl slr trhcsp`rthk` plrfldthglctl h tlgplrhturh hgeblctl lc e`tlooh kl drbstho, nhy qul rld`rkhr qul ls uc mhs qul sl lvhp`rh slmñc oh tlgplrhturh. Ohs e`tloohs fhrghdâudhs kl d`o`r ègehr kl YL[ thgebâc nhc khk` eulc`s rlsuothk`s y lstèc rld`glckhk`s phrh lo trhcsp`rtl, hucqul YL[ c` ls hpt` phrh hoghdlchr lo do`rbt` sôkbd` h ohrm` pohz`, lc dhgeb`, sç ls rlohvhglctl lstheol d`c lo DKT, yh qul su pN ls clutr`. • Nhy kht`s qul bckbdhc bckbdhc qul lo DKT bcdous` bcdous` klspuâs klspuâs kl slbs glsls muhrkhk` lc drbstho lc uc oumhr `sdur` sbmul tlcblck` lfldt`, lfldt`, hucqul nh plrkbk` oh gbthk kl su lfldvbkhk lfldvbkhk.. • Lo DKT ls gudn` gès ldhz ldhz lc lo trhthgblct` trhthgblct` `rho kl hcbghols klebk` klebk` h su pN. • Lo DKT hdtñh guy rèpbkhglctl rèpbkhglctl sbc lgehrm` lgehrm` oh kurhdbôc kurhdbôc lc lo dulrp` ls d`rth p`r o` duho sl klel hkgbcbstrhr kl f`rgh gès d`ccuhkh. • Tl hes`rel gla`r sb sl hpobdh kl ghclrh tôpbdh d`c d`c KGT@ p`rqul p`rqul lctrh lctrh kbrldt` lc lo t`rrlctl shcmuçcl` h trhvâs kl oh pblo oolmhck` nhsth oh gâkuoh ôslh. • Lo DKT lcl oh p`sbebobkhk kl slr bcyldthk` p`r vbh bctrhvlc`sh, bctrhvlc`sh, bctrhgusduohr, ` suedutèclh, nhebtuhoglctl lc d`cdlctrhdb`cls kl <9 ppg nhsth 899 ppg. (9,99<% - 9,98%) y sl oohgh DKB (kbôxbk` kl do`r` bcyldtheol) y, lc vlz kl hmuh, sl uobzh sulr` bcyldtheol d`g` ehsl phrh kbs`ovlr lo mhs klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. • Lo ghy `r bcd`cvlcblctl bcd`cvlcblctl oh fherbdhdbôc fherbdhdbôc gès olcth klo klo DKT y oh cldlsbkhk klghy`r rlfrbmlrhdbôc uch vlzlslgplzhkh oh e`tlooh. Va va DK (GGT) • Lo DK ls guy fèdbo kl trhcsp`rthr y t`ghr, t`ghr, pulst` qul c` cldlsbth rlfrbmlrhdbôc d`g` lo DKT uch vlz heblrth oh e`tlooh: p`r tho g`v`, pulkl oolvhrsl thgebâc phrh o`s vbhals. • Ho pr`kudbr uch rlhddbôc slduckhrbh lc lo lstôghm`, lstôghm`, obelrhck` gès mhs kl kbôxbk` do`r` p`r o`s èdbk`s lst`ghdhols, lo DK kurh gès lgp` lc lo dulrp` qul lo DKT, plr` lo DK c` sl pulkl bcmlrbr lc k`sbs guy hoths kurhctl ohrm` lgp`, pulst` qul pr`kudl kbhrrlhs h ohrm` pohz`. • Lo DK lcl lcl uc she`r uc p`d` klshmrhkheol klshmrhkheol lc k`sbs hoths, hoths, h kbflrlcdbh kbflrlcdbh klo DKT. • Lo DK ls uc p`d` gès brrbthctl lc nlrbkhs heblrths y sl rld`gblckh lcauhmhrsl lcauhmhr sl sb sl hpobdh lc oh pblo kl f`rgh d`cdlctrhkh. ;9; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 °Ls Do@5 uc pohdle`0 Yhrh homuc`s lsdâpd`s lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` sbgpolglctl lcl uc lfldt` pohdle` qul sbmcbdh qul lc rlhobkhk c` pr`kudl cbcmñc lfldt` y qul t`k` ls bghmbchdbôc ` psluk`dblcdbh. Yuls eblc, vhg`s h gbrhr lstl lfldt` pohdle` gès kl dlrdh, p`rqul h vldls uc g`ctôc kl chkh pulkl slr uc gudn`. [lclg`s lo dhs` kl uc`s lstukb`s dblcd`s kl Fherbzb` Elclkl kl oh \cbvlrsbkhk kl [urçc, lc Bthobh. Âo oolvô h dhe` uc lxplrbglct` kl pohdle` d`c sulr` shobc`, høhkblck` ho cho cho`x`ch, uc fèrghd` qul eo`qulh o`s lfldt`s kl oh g`rch, h oh s`oudbôc shobch. °Duèo ful lo rlsuothk` bgphdthctl0 Lo p`klr phrh hobvbhr lo k`o`r kl oh s`oudbôc shobch, rlp`rthk` p`r o`s sualt`s kl pruleh hctlrb`rglctl, klshphrldbô. Lct`cdls… °quâ lstè phshck` rlhoglctl0 O`s gâkbd`s nhc shebk` s`erl lo lfldt` pohdle` kurhctl kâdhkhs, y lo rlsuothk` cho`x`ch g`strhr lo lfldt` pohdle` sç lcl c` klsl homuch ghclrh lfldt` lc oh phrldl eb`quçgbdh, plr`qul hphrtl kl ls`, sbgpolglctl shel chkh ghs. R` o` vl` kl ghclrh kbscth1 `evbhglctl chkbl sl nh pohctlhk` qul oh s`oudbôc shobch ls dhphz kl nbkrhthr dâouohs klsnbkrhthkhs qul lstèc dhushck` k`o`r. Fherbzb` Elclkl klg`strô qul uc pohdle` kl s`oudbôc shobch thgebâc pulkl rlkudbr o`s tlgeo`rls y oh rbmbklz gusduohr lc ohs plrs`chs d`c oh lcflrglkhk kl Yhrjbcs`c. Âo y su lqubp` gbkblr`c oh hdvbkhk kl ohs clur`chs lc o`s dlrler`s kl o`s phdblctls, klspuâs kl hkgbcbstrhr hkgbcbstrhr oh s`oudbôc shobch, (qul ho c y ho dhe` rlmuoh oh d`ckudvbkhk klebk` h su d`ctlcbk` shobc`). Tl kblr`c dulcth kl qul ohs clur`chs bckbvbkuhols lc lo cñdol` suethoègbd` lgplzhr`c hglc`s kbsphrhr d`c glc`s frldulcdbh duhck` sl d`c ols kb` oh s`oudbôc kl shobch, y d`c ‟rèfhmhs‗, `trh dhrhdtlrçsdh hs`dbhkh oh lcflrglkhk Yhrjbcs`c. Oh hdvbkhk kl ohs clur`chs kbsgbcuyô ho gbsg` lgp` qul o`s sçct`ghs gla`rhr`c, oh s`oudbôc shobch klcbvhglctl klcbvhglctl nbz` hom`. ‟Oh rlohdbôc lctrl ohs lxpldthvhs y lo rlsuothk` tlrhpâud` ls uc ghrhvboo`s` g`klo` kl lctlcklr oh bctlrhddbôc glctl-dulrp`‗, d`cdouyl Elclkl lc sus lstukb`s khck` h lctlcklr qul ls uch dulsôc glctho. Ohs d`cdousb`cls dblcdhs gudnçsbghs vldls s`c lrrôclhs, hucqul ohs `eslrvhdb`cls slhc d`rrldths. Lc cbcmñc g`glct` sl pohctlhc qul oh rlnbkrhthdbôc lspldçdh d`c hmuh shobch pulkl tlclr lfldt`s tlrhpâud`s. Yulkl nhelr uc gldhcbsg` d`gñc lc kbflrlctls lcflrglkhkls. Nhsth lo g`glct`, sbgpolglctl c` o` shelg`s. Tlmñc gb drbtlrb`, ls dulsôc kl hmuhs lstrudturhkhs lctrl ohs sbchpsbs clur`chols… Lo lgp` o` kbrè. Hphrtl kl duls`chr sb lo lfldt` pohdle` rlhoglctl ls uc pohdle`, p`klg`s `eslrvhr qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` nh fucdb`chk` lc t`k` p` kl hcbghols, thct` lc hcbghols kl mrhcah d`g` o` nl lsdrbt` lc gb ober`1 ‟DKT Oh shouk ls p`sbeol‗, p`sbeol‗, d`g` d`c hcbghols kl d`gphøçh1 plrr`s, mht`s, pèahr`s, pldls, rlpols l bcdous` ;9< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh bcsldt`s d`g` helahs. C` d`csth lfldt` pohdle` lc lst`s hcbghols y p`r o` thct` sl trhth klcbvhglctl kl uc rlglkb` ldhz. Kl nldn`, nh fucdb`chk` guy eblc lc oh hpobdhdbôc kl r`dbhr oh d`oglch d`c sprhy kl DKT y oh kl høhkbr oh s`oudbôc ho hmuh kl elelr. Bcdous` lxbstlc uc`s lstukb`s dblcd`s h ohrm` pohz` d`c helahs phrh vlr sb nhy lfldt`s slduckhrb`s c`dbv`s. Klspuâs kl k`s hø`s, c` sl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr chkh clmhv` lc oh d`oglch Z22W. Nbpôtlsbs kl g`k`s kl hddbôc - fhrghd`kbchgbh G`k` kl hddbôc klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` slmñc gb puct` kl vbsth. Nlg`s p`kbk` ollr hctlrb`rglctl qul lctrl o`s `xbkhctls qul sl uobzhc phrh oh klsbcflddbôc, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` d o`r` ls slmurhglctl lo `xbkhctl gès sloldv`. [hct` lo `z`c` d`g` lo do`r` s`c gudn` gès rlhdv`s qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, y slrèc d`csugbk`s p`r oh ghy`rçh kl o`s d`gpulst`s `rmècbd`s. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` sbc lgehrm` ls kbflrlctl, sôo` rlhddb`ch d`c d`gpulst`s rlkudbk`s kl hzufrl, hgbchs slduckhrbhs y tlrdbhrbhs, y homuc`s `tr`s d`gpulst`s `rmècbd`s hothglctl rlkudbk`s y rlhdv`s, nhebtuhoglct nhebtuhoglctll lslcdbhols phrh phtômlc`s. Gb pr`pb` d`cdlpt` ls uc thct` kbflrlctl, yh qul phrh gç oh ldhdbh klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lstè khkh p`r lo p`tlcdbho kl `xbkhdbôc-rlkuddbôc (@UY). Ho bcdrlglcthr oh dhrmh clmhvh lc lo oçqubk`, drlh uc lfldt` sbgbohr ho hmuh `z`cbzhkh, rlsthck` oh dhrmh p`sbvh h o`s pr`t`cls kl ohs dâouohs kl pN èdbk`. Tb ohs dâouohs lstèc lc d`cauct` d`c `trhs, oh dhrmh sl pulkl kbsbphr sbc nhdlr khø` ho d`cauct`, gblctrhs qul lc dâouohs bckbvbkuhols drlh uc hm`thgblct` lclrmâd` lc oh gbsgh klplckblck` klo pN. Duhck` lo kbôxbk` lc shcmrl lcdulctrh uc oumhr èdbk` sl kbs`dbh y lo b`c kl do`r` rlhddb`ch d`c lo @UY nhsth 8,4 V hpr`xbghkhglctl. Lc lstl pr`dls` obelrh lo `xçmlc`, qul h su vlz drlh lcohdls kl hmuh lstrudturhkh N4@5, qul klebk` h su ghy`r d`ctlcbk` lc `xçmlc`,, c` sl d`gp`rth d`g` lo hmuh d`gñc. `xçmlc` D`ctrh ehdtlrbhs1 slmñc oh obtlrhturh dblcdh, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lobgbch ohs ehdtlrbhs hthdhck` sus fucdb`cls sb`oômbdhs dlouohrls eèsbdhs, d`g` ls oh bctlrrupdbôc kl oh sçctlsbs kl pr`tlçchs. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` hthdh oh lstrudturh dlouohr ` o`s èdbk`s lc lo bctlrb`r kl oh dâouoh. Tlmñc oh obtlrhturh dblcdh d`cvlcdb`cho, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` rlhddb`ch kbrldthglctl d`c hgbc`èdbk`s y lo HUC kl oh dâouoh. Ho gbsg` lgp` hotlrh oh plrglhebobkhk kl oh glgerhch dlouohr lxtlrch yh qul ls dhphz kl kbfuckbrsl h trhvâs kl oh dhph pr`tldt`rh kl oh ehdtlrbh bchdvhck` phtômlc`s kl lsth ghclrh. Tl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr qul hfldth thct` h ehdtlrbhs hchlrôebdhs d`g` hlrôebdhs qul c` nhc sbk` dhphdls kl klshrr`oohr uc sbstlgh kl rlsbstlcdbh y p`r o` thct` lstl sbstlgh sbmul sblck` ldhz klspuâs kl >9 hø`s kl us` lc hmuh p`theol. ;96 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 Ohs ehdtlrbhs rlkudt`rhs klo suofht` y ohs ehdtlrbhs qul pr`kudlc èdbk` s`c ohs gès vuoclrheols h oh `xbkhdbôc klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` y sulolc slr khøbchs phrh lo n`gerl. D`ctrh vbrus1 o`s vbrus s`c lobgbchk`s kl ghclrh kbflrlctl: lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` rlhddb`ch d`c oh plpt`ch, qul ls uch susthcdbh s`oueol lc hmuh qul sl `rbmbch lc oh nbkrôobsbs kl pr`tlçchs y hgbc`èdbk`s. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ghth o`s vbrus glkbhctl oh prlvlcdbôc kl oh f`rghdbôc kl pr`tlçchs. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls gès lfldv` lc o`s vbrus qul lo `z`c` ` lo do`r`. @trhs fulctls bckbdhc qul bgpbkl lo klshrr`oo` kl o`s dhpsbkls qul s`c d`g` uc ‟Vlodr`‗, cldlshrb` phrh d`cldthrsl h ohs dâouohs qul qublrl bcvhkbr. Yhrh gb nhy uch dohrh rlohdbôc loldtr`ghmcâdh, yh qul lo vbrus sl klel ‟cutrbr kl lclrmçh loâdtrbdh dlouohr‗, y c` pulkl drlhr lsh lclrmçh ho c` tlclr uc glthe`obsg` pr`pb`. Lst` vb`ohrçh . Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls phrhghmcâd` y obelrh uc ‟bgpuos`‗ loldtr`ghmcâd` lc lo g`glct` kl oh `xbkhdbôc. Ls lstl lfldt` kl klsdhrmh loldtr`ghmcâdh lo qul c` sl lcl lc dulcth nhebtuhoglctl y slmñc gb drbtlrb` ls lo lolglct` prbcdbpho kl oh fhrghd`kbchgbh. D`ctrh n`cm`s1 lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lobgbch ohs lsp`rhs kl g`n` glkbhctl su `xbkhdbôc l bcnbel su drldbgblct`. Oh klstruddbôc kl gboo`cls ho bmuho qul oh bcnbebdbôc kl ohs hdvbkhkls lczbgèdhs klo glthe`obsg` kl o`s n`cm`s y oh `xbkhdbôc kl oh lstrudturh dlouohr. dlouohr. Ohs lsp`rhs kl g`n` pulklc oolmhr h slr guy plobmr`shs h glkbkh qul drldlc lc cñglr` y d`cthgbchc lo hbrl qul rlspbrhg`s. Ls lslcdbho, c` sôo` phrh d`ctr`ohr lo g`n` kl oh suplrdbl, sbc` phrh obgbthr lo cñglr` kl lsp`rhs lc lo hbrl. D`ctrh phrèsbt`s1 lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` c` sôo` fucdb`ch d`ctrh lo phrèsbt` kl oh ghohrbh, thgebâc ls uc` kl o`s klsbcfldthctls gès d`c`dbk`s, p`r su lfldvbkh lfldvbkhk k d`ctrh phtômlc`s d`g` Mbhrkbh ohgebh y ohs lspldbls kl Drypt`sp`rbkbug, qul sl lcdulctrhc lc lo hmuh p`theol l bckudlc h lcflrglkhkls d`g` oh ‟mbhr ‟mbhrkbhsbs‗ kbhsbs‗ y oh ‟drbpt`sp`rbkb`sbs‗. Oh ghy`rçh kl o`s phrèsbt`s lclc uc glthe`obsg` èdbk` y p`r o` thct` s`c susdlpeols h oh sloldvbkhk kl `xbkhdbôc klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Tlmñc gb puct` kl vbsth lsth ls oh rhzôc p`r oh qul fucdb`ch d`ctrh oh ghohrbh, yh qul o`s nlghls hfldthk`s p`r lo phrèsbt` kl oh ghohrbh s`c gudn` gud n` gès èdbk`s qul ohs dâouohs shchs, y lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` rlhddb`ch slmñc lo mrhk` kl hdbklz (lduhdbôc kl Clrcst). D 1 d`g` lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` plrghcldl d`g` mhs lc lo hmuh, lcl oh nhebobkhk kl p`klr htrhvlshr t`k` lo sbstlgh bctlrsdbho, oolmhck` kl lsth ghclrh h ohs ehdtlrbhs klctr` kl oh gud`sbkhk, bcdous` duhck` âsths lstèc lsd`ckbkhs y lcdhpsuohkhs. Homuch mlctl qul nh t`ghk` ;9= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lsthck` shchs, nh rlp`rthk` ho prbcdbpb` nhelr `etlcbk` uc obmlr` rlsfrbhk` ` gud`sbkhk. Lst` puk` slr klebk` h qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls dhphz kl klsnhdlr lsths gud`shs k`ckl sl lsd`cklc ehdtlrbhs lcdhpsuohkhs y ghthrohs hnç gbsg`. D`g` rlhddbôc, lo dulrp` p`stlrb`rglctl lxpuosh lsths gud`sbkhkls y ehdtlrbhs gulrths. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` `xbkh oh ghtrbz kl o`s p`obshdèrbk`s, qul ghclclc lo eb`og lctlr`. Kurhctl lsth rlhddbôc, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls rlkudbk` h b`cls kl do`rur`. Lst`s sl rlphrtlc lc tr`z`s kl eb`og, k`ckl sl ghclclc lstheols. Duhck` lo eb`og lgpblzh h drldlr kl culv`, drlhck` uc hgeblctl èdbk`, o`s b`cls kl do`rur` sl trhcsf`rghc lc kbôxbk` kl do`r`, qul lobgbch lo eb`og rlsthctl. Lst` lxpobdhrçh su ldhdbh lc gb pr`t`d`o` d`ctrh lo husg`, k`ckl sl nh p`kbk` rlduplrhr h gès kl 4<9 cbø`s kl lsth lcflrglkhk lcflrglkh k d`csbklrhkh brrlduplrheol. D`g` `xbkhctl kl glthols1 ho `xbkhr glthols plshk`s bcdoubk` lo glrdurb`, lo dulrp` pulkl lobgbchro` p`stlrb`rglctl h trhvâs klo sbstlgh nlpèd` rlcho, yh qul lo gltho `xbkhk` lcl uchs d`ckbdb`cls kbflrlctls ho gltho sbc `xbkhr. Kbdn` kl ghclrh sbgpol, c` ls o` gbsg` uch ehrrh kl nblrr` qul uc puøhk` kl ôxbk` kl nblrr`. Lo dulrp` bcdous` uobzh gudn`s ôxbk`s gltèobd`s phrh lo eulc fucdb`chgblct` klo pr`pb` glthe`obsg`. D`ctrh tug`rls y dècdlr1 nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth o`s suepr`kudt`s klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, yh qul ohs rlhddb`cls qul lclc oumhr lctrl lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` y o`s phtômlc`s sl pr`kudl lc k`s fhsls y o`s pr`kudt`s kl klsbcflddbôc plrghcldlc lc lo hmuh kurhctl lsths lthphs. Lc oh prbglrh lthph, sl f`rgh lo do`rbt` sôkbd` (hdlpthck` uc loldtrôc) lc oh slmuckh lthph sb lo nueblrh kbôxbk` prlslcdbh kl do`r` f`rgh uc kl do`rur` (hdlpthck` loldtr`cls). [hgebâc kl trhzhs do`rht`, qul thct`duhtr` d`g` lo do`rbt` ls uc hmlctl `xbkhctl, sl kbs`dbhrçh lc do`rur` kl s`kb`, lc `trhs phoherhs, sho d`gñc. Oh `sdbohdbôc quçgbdh klo do`rbt` sôkbd` (ChDo@5) y klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` (DO@5) Ohs `sdbohdb`cls quçgbdhs sl `eslrvhc lc suesthcdbhs qul klgulstrhc udtuhdb`cls ehshkhs lc lo lgp`, duhck` c` lstèc lc plrfldt` lquboberb` tlrg`kbcègbd`,, rlsuothck` slr uc `sdbohk`r obclhr quçgbd`. Ohs `sdbohdb`cls klo tlrg`kbcègbd` kbôxbk` kl do`r` y klo do`rbt` lclc uc r`o bgp`rthctl lc oh quçgbdh c` obclhr, yh qul oh rlhddbôc klo do`rbt`-y`k` sl nh d`cvlrk` lc uch kl ohs rlhddb`cls gès lstukbhkhs kl oh kbcègbdh quçgbdh c` obclhr. Lc lst`s lstukb`s sl nhc p`kbk` `eslrvhr `sdbohdb`cls, bclsthebobkhk, lfldt`s kl vôrtlx y flcôglc`s lsphdbhols Z899W. ;9> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 Oh `sdbohdbôc y oh bctlrflrlcdbh ougçcbdh Z898W lclc pr`eheolglctl uc r`o kbrldt` hfldthck` o`s eb`f`t`cls klsdrbt` lc o`s trheha`s klo Yr`f. Kr. FrbtzHoelrt Y`pp Z895W. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls uc oçqubk` `sdbohctl qul ho phrldlr thgebâc hfldth h o`s eb`f`t`cls kl ohs dâouohs vbvhs, yh qul su o`cmbtuk kl `ckh kl hpr`xbgèkhglctl 466 cg (chcôgltr`s) hfldth oh d`gucbdhdbôc dlouohr y su hes`rdbôc lc lo HKC, k`ckl sl pr`kudlc trhcsbdb`cls kl loldtr`cls lctrl ôrebths lxdbthkhs kl ohs frldulcdbhs lgbkhs, sbc lgehrm`, lst` ls uc dhgp` qul rlqublrl gès bcvlsmhdbôc. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, ls hklgès phrhghmcâd` y ho `xbkhrsl sl vulovl kbhghmcâd`,, d`sh qul pr`eheolglctl bgpobdh uch hotlrhdbôc kl oh p`ohrbzhdbôc kbhghmcâd` kl oh glgerhch gbt`d`ckrbho. Lst` lxpobdhrçh p`rquâ lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` d o`r` gudnhs vldls rlsuoth slr ldhz lc lcflrglkhkls tlrgbchols d`g` lo dècdlr k`ckl sl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr oh hpôpt`sbs kl dâouohs dhcdlrçmlchs. Fhrghd`dbcâtbdh d`c oh ghohrbh Lc lo dhs` kl oh ghohrbh, ls dhushkh p`r uc phrèsbt` oohghk` Yohsg`kbug, qul d`csugl nhsth 899 vldls gès moud`sh klctr` klo moôeuo` r`a`. \ch dâouoh qul lstè bcfldthkh mlclrh mrhckls dhckhkls kl èdbk` oèdd`, qul h su vlz hdvh oh rlhddbôc kl oh `xbkhdbôc klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` d`c oh dâouoh èdbkh. Oh bcmlsôc kl oh nlg`mo`ebch sl rlhobzh lc uc `rmècuo` d`c`dbk` d`g` oh ‟vhdu`oh èdbkh kl d`gbkh‗. Bcdbklcthoglctl, oh hoth d`cdlctrhdbôc kl èdbk` lc lstl `rmècuo` p`krçh slrvbr d`g` uc sb` hkbdb`cho kl d`cvlrsbôc klo b`c kl do`rbt` (Do@5-) ho kbôxbk` kl do`r` gès hdv` (Do@5) aust` klctr` klo phrèsbt`. Lo nldn` kl `xbkhr `ols y flc`ols hklgès hfldth hfldth lo pr`dls` kl rlpr`kuddbôc y klshrr`oo` klo Yohsg`kbug lc `trhs fhsls kl su vbkh, klctr` klo dbdo` nlpèd`. Ho trhthrsl kl uc hthqul kl kbflrlctls frlctls, sl pulkl lxpobdhr oh lspldbho ldhdbh klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc lo trhthgblct` kl oh ghohrbh. Oh s`rprlcklctl lfbdhdbh kl oh Hrtlgbsbh hccuh hccuh D`g` kl d`stugerl, o`s dblcd`s hdhkâgbd`s klo `lstl lrhc lsdâpd`s d`c lo hcboo` kl 8,5,;-trb`xhc` prlslctl prlslctl klctr` kl oh lstrudturh kl oh hrtlgbsbh, kbdblck` qul uc mrup` kl lstl p` c` slrçh lstheol y qul cucdh p`kçh slr ño d`g` glkbdhglct` glkbdhglct`.. Lc lstukb`s klo Kr. Gÿoolr, kl oh ucbvlrsbkhk holghch kl [uebcmh, sl klg`strô qul klspuâs kl sbltl kçhs kl trhthgblct` d`c hrtlgbsbh lo ==% kl o`s phdblctls kl ghohrbh yh c` tlcçhc lerl, lc lo >>% kl o`s phdblctls nheçh klshphrldbk` lo dhcshcdb` y lc lo 25%, lo k`o`r gusduohr y ohs cèuslhs. Lc o`s lstukb`s sl hkgbcbstrô hpr`xbghkhglctl 8 , 2 , , o` qul lqubvhol h 5;9 gm kl hrtlgbsbh ;92 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh p`r gbobobtr`. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul oh k`sbs lrh hpr`xbghkhglctl 56 vldls ghy`r lc vbv`, qul oh qul sl uobzô phrh o`s lcshy`s bc vbtr`. O` durb`s` ls qul lsth ucbvlrsbkhk c` rld`gblckh lo d`csug` kl bcfusb`cls kl hrtlgbsbh, yh qul klspuâs kl duhtr` slghchs vhrb`s v`ovçhc h tlclr ghohrbh. Ls guy pr`eheol qul nhyhc d`ctrhçk` oh bcflddbôc kl culv` p`r oh pbdhkurh kl `tr`s g`squbt`s, hom` guy pbd` lc Èfrbdh. Nhy qul lctlcklr qul oh `xbkhdbôc lobgbch lo phtômlc` plr` c` tl pr`tlml kl uch culvh bcflddbôc, p`rqul c` tl bcgucbzh. N`y shelg`s qul oh lstrudturh lxtrhøh klo 8,5,;-trb`xhc` ls oh ehsl kl su fucdb`chgblct` y ldhdbh. Ls oh vbcduohdbôc klo lck`plrôxbk` lc lo hcboo` qul oh hrtlgbsbcbch ‟ ‟‗ ‗ Yohsg`kbug y oh obelrhdbôc kl rhkbdhols rlhdv`s qul klstruylc choglctl lo phrèsbt`. Ls kldbr, su ldhdbh lstè ehshkh lc lo gbsg` d`cdlpt` qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`1 `xbkhdbôc sloldvh p`r pN. pN. Y`r o` thct`, ls kbdbo y p`d` pr`eheol qul lstl rlglkb` drll rlsbstlcdbhs y gès tlcblck` lc dulcth qul sl ush klskl nhdl dblct`s kl hø`s. Fbm. <<1 Lstrudturh trbkbglcsb`cho klo 8,5,;-trb`xhc`. Ylrs`choglctl `pbc` qul ls gudn` gès fèdbo phrh uc phtômlc` kl duhoqublr Ylrs`choglctl p` drlhr rlsbstlcdbhs h uc d`gpulst` sbctâd` yh qul h trhvâs kl oh nbst`rbh c` lxbstl cbcmñc kht` s`erl uc phrèsbt` qul nhyh d`cslmubk d`cslmubk` ` klshrr`oohr rlsbstlcdbh rlsbstl cdbh d`ctrh lo lxtrhdt` kl uch pohcth lctlrh. Tl pulkl `eslrvhr qul lxbstl rlsbstlcdbh d`ctrh oh do`r`qubch qul lstè fherbdhkh sbctâdhglctl, sbctâdhglctl, sbc lgehrm` c` d`ctrh lo tâ nldn` h phrr kl oh d`rtlzh kl dnbcdn`ch qul sbmul sblck` bmuho kl ldhz klskl nhdl dblct`s kl hø`s. Oh bklh kl sbctlzhr lc sç, lstè ehshkh lc lo sbgpol nldn` kl hehrhthr su d`stl, yh qul dblcdhglctl ohs vhrbheols lc uch pohcth s`c gudnçsbg` gès d`gpobdhkhs y sl nhc klshrr`oohk` lc gbols kl hø`s y p`r o` thct` ls gudn` gès kbdbo phrh lo phtômlc` hkhpthrsl y drlhr d rlhr rlsbstlcdbhs. ;89 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 D`g` sblgprl, lxbstlc v`dls drçdhs qul d`cspbrhc kbdblck` qul c` sl nh lxhgbchk` lxhgbc hk` h uch dhckhk sudblctl kl plrs`chs, phrh hrghr qul oh hrtlgbsbh ls lfldvh d`ctrh oh ghohrbh, plr` d`ohe`rhk`rls kl oh `rmhcbzhdbôc Hchglk nhc hduguohk` uch mrhc dhckhk kl rlsuothk`s h fhv`r kl su us`, lctrl loo`s1 Uhopn ]blmhck, kl Hreh Gbcdn, L`pçh y Ghbjl Lobcm, kl Gus`gh, [hczhcbh. Hge`s nhc trhthk` h gudn` gès kl 8999 plrs`chs d`c uc âxbt` kl >9-899%. Kbgltbosuofôxbk` (KGT@) (vlr gès bcf`rghdbôc lc dhpçtuo`s 5 y =) ‟Kb-Glo-Tuof-Ôxbk`‗ ls uc kbs`ovlctl uobzhk` klskl 82<4, pr`vlcblc ‟Kb-Glo-Tuof-Ôxbk`‗ pr`vlcblctl tl kl oh bckustrbh kl oh ghklrh. Lo kbglosufôxbk` (KGT@) lcl uchs pr`pblkhkls lxdlpdb`chols d`c uch hgpobh hdvbkhk fhrghd`oômbdh y gñopols lfldt`s hcbchght`rb`s. Ho gbsg` lgp`, p`sll lfldt`s kl kbs`oudbôc kl d`oèmlc`, vhs`kbohthdbôc vhs`kbohthdbôc y plcltrhdbôc, sblck` uobzhck` lc fèrghd`s, prbcdbphoglctl d`g` vlnçduo` kl hkgbcbstrhdbôc. Yulkl hkgbcbstrhr hkgbcbstrhrsl1 sl1 • vçh `rho • bctrhvlc`sh • tôpbdh (trhst`rc`s `stl`gusduohrls y z`chs dutèclhs) • bcdous` sl uobzh lc oh rlpr`kuddbôc hsbskh Lo KGT@ y su glthe`obt` suof`chgbkh sl lxdrlthc p`stlrb`rglctl p`r oh `rbch y ohs nldls. Lc lo 5989, oh \cbvlrsbkhk kl Vholcdbh rlhobzô uc`s lstukb`s, k`ckl sl nh p`kbk` `eslrvhr uch guy eulch t`olrhcdbh doçcbdh sbc cbcmuch bcdbklcdbh kl rlhddb`cls hkvlrshs duhck` sl uobzô lo KGT@ lc d`cdlctrhdb`cls klo <9%, vçh tôpbdh. [hgebâc sl uobzh lc phdblctls lc d`cauct` d`c trhthgblct`s kl qubgb`tlrhpbh ` lc dhs` kl lxtrhvlrsbôc kl dbt`stèd`s, kl ghclrh `dbho. Lxbstlc nhsth oh fldnh gès kl 88.999 hrduo`s dblcd`s kl glkbdbch doçcbdh y slmñc lo Kr. Tthcoly Ahd`e kl o`s Lsthk`s \cbk`s, ls uch kl ohs susthcdbhs gès ñols, plr` glc`s lctlckbkhs. Lc lo us` gâkbd` sl prlsdrbel phrh uch mrhc vhrblkhk kl k`olcdbhs, bcdouylck` lo k`o`r, k`o`r, oh bchghdbôc, oh lsdolr`klrgbh lsd olr`klrgbh Z894, 89;W, oh dbss bctlrsdbho, oh hrtrbs Z89<W y lo bcdrlglct` kl oh prlsbôc bctrhdrhclho bctrhdrhclho Z896W. Lc Lsthk`s \cbk`s, oh FKH o` nh hpr`ehk` d`g` prlslrvhv` kl ôrmhc`s kl trhcspohctl y phrh lo trhthgblct` kl oh dbss bctlrsdbho. Klsmrhdbhkhglctl, ls uch susthcdbh qul yh c` lstè lc lo lcf`qul kl oh glkbdbch d`gñc y sç prèddhglctl klsdhtho`mhkh. ;88 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh \ch `eslrvhdbôc bctlrlshctl kl lstl glkbdhglct` ls lo `o`r h ha` bcdous` hpobdhk` d`g` tôpbd` s`erl oh pblo. Duhck` lc 826< uch gualr lc Brohckh gurbô t`ghck` vhrb`s glkbdhglct`s lc d`cauct` d`c KGT@ oh FKH dohusurô kl ghclrh prlvlcvh ohs prulehs doçcbdhs lc o`s Lsthk`s \cbk`s, hucqul oh dhush kl oh gulrtl cucdh ful kltlrgbchkh dblcdhglctl. dblcdhglct l. Klspuâs kl gès kl ;9 hø`s y d`c dblct`s kl lstukb`s nughc`s, c` sl nh rlp`rthk` cucdh cbcmuch gulrtl, cb sl sl nhc p`kbk` k`duglcthr dhgeb`s clmhv`s lc o`s `a`s kl nughc`s, tho d`g` `durrbô lc uc lstukb` d`c plrr`s Z89=W. \c` kl o`s hspldt`s bctlrlshctls bctlrlshctls klo KGT@ ls qul pulkl trhcsp`rthr `tr`s glkbdhglct`s h trhvâs trhvâs kl ohs glgerhchs kl oh pblo. Tu dhphdbkhk trhcsp`rthk`rh trhcsp`rthk`rh klplckl klo pls` g`olduohr, kl oh f`rgh y oh loldtr`quçgbdh kl ohs g`oâduohs, plrgbâck`ol hdtuhr d`g` uc ldhz sbstlgh kl hkgbcbstrhdbôc kl fèrghd`s, sbc lo rblsm` kl bcflddbôc qul `durrl dhkh vlz qul sl lcl qul plcltrhr oh pblo. Tl d`c`dl d`g` uc hchomâsbd` tôpbd` y sl uobzh lc uch d`cdlctrhdbôc nhebtuho klo =9% d`c 49% kl hmuh. Lo KGT@ rlkudl oh bchghdbôc lsthebobzhck` ohs glgerhchs lc dâouohs khøhkhs, y ls p`r o` thct`, hphrtl kl oh hspbrbch, lo prbglr hcbchght`rb` c` lstlr`bkl pr`eheolglctl pr`eheolglctl p`r su hdtuhdbôc lc o`s mrup`s -TN (suokrbo`). Oh prbcdbpho kbduothk ls qul pulkl dhushr uc `o`r klshmrhkheol lc oh z`ch k`ckl sl hpobqul y `dhsb`choglctl, lc k`sbs guy mrhckls, sl o` nh rlohdb`chk` d`c homñc k`o`r kl dhelzh. Tl pulkl uobzhr s`erl oh pblo, bcmlrbk` y hes`rebk` p`r gud`shs, plr` , , phrh lvbthr oh rlhes`rdbôc kl t`xbchs kl ohs nldls. Lc ohs `eslrvhdb`cls doçcbdhs sl nh rlp`rthk`, qul lc lstukb`s d`c rht`cls lo KGT@ pr`o`cmheh oh vbkh, ho bmuho qul hyukheh h d`gehr rlsbstlcdbhs lc ehdtlrbhs khøbchs. Gudn`s lstukb`s nhc p`kbk` k`duglcthr su ldhdbh lc oh rlphrhdbôc kl tlabk`s eohck`s, lc cldr`sbs o`dhols, ñodlrhs kl oh pblo y qulghkurhs. Kl f`rgh lxtlrch, phrh trhughsg`s, k`o`rls hrduohrls, bchghdb`cls, hrtr`sbs y k`o`r lc mlclrho. H \v D1 Lc 82=8, lo Kr. kl oh [`rrl rlhobzô lxplrbglct`s d`c lo KGT@, phrh olsb`cls klo sbstlgh clrvb`s` dlctrho y klsduerbô qul lo KGT@ lrh dhphz kl ehahr ohs prlsb`cls bctrhdrhclhols gla`r qul duhoqublr `trh susthcdbh d`c`dbkh nhsth lo g`glct` y kl bmuho f`rgh, `eslrvô qul lsthebobz lsthebobzheh heh oh prlsbôc hrtlrbho, gla`rheh oh dhphdbkhk rlspbrht`rbh, rlmuohrbzheh oh pr`kuddbôc kl `rbch, bcdrlglctèck`oh nhsth lc dbcd` vldls y gla`rheh lo ua` kl oh shcmrl klohctl kl oh gâkuoh lspbcho, lc ohs èrlhs k`ckl nheçh uch olsbôc Z89>, 892, 889W. ;85 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 Lo Kr. kl oh [`rrl hrgh qul lo KGT@ pr`eheolglctl ls uc eulc pr`kudt` phrh lo trhthgblct` kl hthquls dlrlerhols, qul ls uch lcflrglkhk klvhsthk`rh qul hdtuhoglctl hfldth h gudnhs plrs`chs. Lc sus lcshy`s doçcbd`s prlobgbchrls, o`s kht`s d`c hcbghols g`strhr`c qul ls uc eulc hmlctl kl d`èmuo`s lc kbs`oudbôc uobzhck` d`cdlctrhdb`cls hoths bcyldthkhs, sbc qul sl `eslrvhrh t`xbdbkhk hkvlrsh homuch. Lo KGT@ y lo hmuh sl glzdohc kl ghclrh lstuplckh lc t`khs ohs d`cdlctrhdb`cls. Lo lcohdl d`c hmuh ls 8,4 vldls gès fulrtl qul lo lcohdl lctrl hmuhs slmñc lo Kr. Tthcoly ]. Ahd`e, yh qul ohs g`oâduohs klo KGT@ y klo hmuh s`c sbgbohrls lc f`rgh, thghø` y p`ohrbkhk. Lo KGT@ lcl slbs èt`g`s kl nbkrômlc` gès qul lo hmuh, qul lcl k`s y hdtñhc kl f`rgh qul hrrhstrhc g`oâduohs d`gpolahs `rmècbdhs sbc hotlrhrohs cb glzdohrsl, ` dhgebhck` sus lstrudturhs. Klctr` klo dulrp`, lo KGT@ pulkl trhsphshr rèpbkhglctl ohs glgerhchs y oh ehrrlrh nlght`lcdlfèobdh, ho bmuho qul o` nhdl lo hmuh, sbc khøhr lo tlabk`, dhphz kl trhcsp`rthr cutrblctls h `trhs suesthcdbhs k`ckl slhc cldlshrbhs, h trhvâs kl ohs glgerhchs. KGT@ c` trhcsp`rth ehdtlrbhs ` vbrus kl ohs glgerhchs p`rqul s`c klghsbhk` mrhckls. Lc mlctl slcsbeol sl hprldbh uc she`r kl ha` lc oh e`dh ho p`clro` s`erl oh pblo. Lo phdblctl klel lsthr bcf`rghk` kl lst` hctls, phrh qul c` sl s`rprlckh lc lo dhs` kl qul `durrh. Ohs bcvlsmhdb`cls klgulstrhc qul lo KGT@ hobvbh lo k`o`r kbsgbcuylck` ` bcdous` eo`qulhck` oh d`ckuddbôc kl o`s bgpuos`s h o` ohrm` kl ohs dâouohs clrvb`shs, rlkudblck` hsç kl ghclrh lfldvh lo k`o`r lc olsb`cls gusduohrls, bcdbsb`cls bcdbsb` cls p`st`plrht`rbhs u `tr` p` kl k`o`r. Lo hobvb` klo k`o`r kurh s`ohglctl uchs n`rhs, yh qul lo KGT@ sl kbsbph d`c lo lgp`. Tu lfldt` kburâd` fhdbobth oh lobgbchdbôc kl t`xbchs h trhvâs kl oh `rbch, hdlolrhck` kl lsth ghclrh o`s pr`dls`s kl klsbct`xbdhdbôc. Ho gbsg` lgp` ls hcehdtlrbhc`, bcnbeblck` oh rlpr`kuddbôc kl ehdtlrbhs, c` cldlshrbhglctl ghtèck`ohs Z888W. Lo prbglr us` qul sl kb` ho KGT@ ful lc lo trhthgblct` vltlrbchrb`. N`y lc kçh sl o` uobzh ghy`rbthrbhglctl lc dhehoo`s, d`g` uc mlo tôpbd` ` kl ghclrh bctrhvlc`sh, ho bmuho qul h trhvâs kl uc tue` chs` mèstrbd`. Tl dohsbdh d`g` uc fèrghd` hcbchght`rb` c` lstlr`bkl` (HBCL), yh qul lcl pr`pblkhkls hc`xbkhctls qul pulklc bctlrrugpbr lo pr`dls` bchght`rb`. KGT@ lcl fhdbobkhk kl ucbrsl d`c nbkrôxbk` (@N). Tl uobzh lc f`rgh phrlctlrho phrh1 trhughsg`s klo sbstlgh clrvb`s` dlctrho (drècl` y gâkuoh)1 hrtrbs sâpdh, d`gprlsbôc glkuohr ylqubch gbhombhs ougehrls kl `rbmlc clur`oômbd`, clur`oômbd` , kbhrrlh hmukh, lcdlfho`gblobs klok`rs` lstl, lck`t`xlgbh, lck`t`x lgbh, bsqulgbh bctlsch bctlscho,o, ohgbcbs, glcbcmbs cl`chtho, gblo`lcdlfhobs pr`t`z`èrbdh pr`t`z `èrbdh lqubch, clug`cçhs, polurbs, sçckr`gl kl klshaustl cl`chtho. ;84 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh KGT@ è1 Lo KGT@ nh rlsuothk` lspldbhoglctl eulc` lc lo mrup` kl obcf`ghs, yh qul rlkudl oh slcshdbôc kl k`o`r y oh g`rch c` ful cldlshrbh lc uc mrup` kl bcvlsmhdbôc. U â 1 • Hdtñh d`g` uc trhcqubobzhctl, trhcqubobzhctl, pr`kudblck` pr`kudblck` slkhdbôc hmrhkheol hmrhkheol klo dlrler`, hñc duhck` ls fr`thk` sbgpolglctl lc oh pblo. • Hobvbh k`o`rls lspldçd`s o`dhols. • Hyukh lc hcmbchs kl pldn` l bcfhrt`s, clutrhobzhck` o`s lfldt`s lfldt`s khøbc`s lc lo d`rhzôc. • Hyukh lc oh klsbct`xbdhdbôc klsbct`xbdhdbôc kl glthols glthols plshk`s, yh qul sl ucl h âst`s âst`s (glrdurb`, po`g`, hougbcb`, dhkgb`, hrsâcbd`, cçqulo) qulohck` h trhvâs kl oh `rbch, oh klfldhdbôc y lo suk`r. • Eohcqulh ohs tlohcmbldthsbhs tlohcmbldthsbhs (plqulø`s vhs`s shcmuçcl`s kbohthk`s dlrdh kl oh suplrdbl kl oh pblo). • Eo`qulh oh trhcsflrlcdbh trhcsflrlcdbh kl glcshals kl k`o`r, klskl lo sb` klo khø` ho dlrler`, h trhvâs kl oh bctr`kuddbôc kl d`ckuddbôc, lc ohs plquløhs erhs clrvb`shs • Lo KGT@ hyukh h rlvlrr rlvlrr dâouohs dâouohs ghobmchs trhcsf trhcsf`rgèck`ohs `rgèck`ohs lc c`rghols. • Lo KGT@ phrldl kbs`ovlr lo rlvlsgblct` rlvlsgblct` kl pr`tlçch pr`tlçch kl uc vbrus, klahck` lo cñdol` klspr`tlmbk` d`c su èdbk` cudolbd`, lxpulst` ho sbstlgh bcgucl. • Lobgbch lo k`o`r kl qulghkurhs qulghkurhs suplrdbhols rlkudblck` rlkudblck` bchghdbôc. • Ls lfldv` lfldv` phrh k`o`rls k`o`rls kl dhelzh dhelzh y lobgbch lobgbch oh tlcsbôc tlcsbôc gusduohr qul nhebtuhoglctll o` hd`gphøhc. nhebtuhoglct • Ls ehdtlrb`stèd`, ehdtlrb`stèd`, fucmbstè fucmbstèd` d` y vbr`stèd` vbr`stèd`,, ho bcnbebr bcnbebr lo drldbgblct` drldbgblct` kl gbdr`-`rmhcbsg`s gbdr`-`rmhc bsg`s pht`mâcbd pht`mâcbd`s. `s. • Ls dhphz kl pr`tlmlr pr`tlmlr o`s tlabk`s, tlabk`s, lc nlrbkhs dhushkhs dhushkhs p`r d`cmlohgblc d`cmlohgblct`. t`. • Ls uc eulc kburâd` y pr`gulvl oh f`rghd f`rghdbôc bôc kl bctlrflrôc lc lo `rmhcbsg` bgpuoshck` oh rlspulsth bcguc`oômbdh. • Ls lfldv` lfldv` phrh lo trhthgblct` trhthgblct` kl homuc`s k`o`r`s`s mrhc`s, dhoo`s, uøhs lcdhrchkhs, auhcltls, lx`st`sbs, k`o`r kl thoôc, bchghdbôc pr`v`dhkh p`r oh m`th, ls hcgbdôd`/hcfñcmbd`. • Lsguoh ohs ohs durhdb`cls kl nlrbkhs, thct` lxtlrchs d`g` bctlrchs, bctlrchs, hpohch hpohch oh ghsh kl dbdhtrbdls olvhcthkh, o`euohkh, c`kuohr. • Ls uc p`tlctl p`tlctl hcbchght`rb` hcbchght`rb` phrh slr uobzhk` uobzhk` lc oh hrtrbs, hrtr`sbs, rlugh, lsmubcdls y t`rdlkurhs. • Ls vhs`kbohthk`r, rlohdb`c rlohdb`chk` hk` d`c oh obelrhdbô obelrhdbôc c kl nbsthgbch lc ohs dâouohs y oh bcnbebdbôc kl oh pr`sthmohckbch. ;8; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` 6 • Ls ño lc lo trhthgblct` trhthgblct` kl oh lsdolr`klrgbh lsdolr`klrgbh klv`ovblck` klv`ovblck` lohsdbkhk ho ho tlabk` d`caucv`. • Gla`rh lo sugbcbstr` kl shcmrl nhdbh ohs z`chs kl nlrbkhs, kbohthck` o`s vhs`s shcmuçcl`s, gla`rhck` oh lctrlmh kl `xçmlc` y rlkudblck` o`s d`èmuo`s pohqulthrb`s lc shcmrl. • Y`sll lfldt`s lfldt`s rhkb`pr`t rhkb`pr`tldt`rls, ldt`rls, fhdbobthck` fhdbobthck` oh rlphrhdbôc rlphrhdbôc kl khø`s khø`s lc ohs k`eols dhklchs klo HKC, pr`p`rdb`chck` pr`tlddbôc h cbvlo dlouohr. • Yr`gulvl oh lxdrldbôc kl `rbch. • Gla`rh o`s tlabk`s olsb`chk`s y fucdb`ch d`g` rlohahctl gusduoh gusduohrr. • Ulkudl lo thghø` kl kl ohs vhrbdls y oh bchghdbôc kl ohs gbsghs, hobvbhck` hobvbhck` ho gbsg` lgp` dhohgerls. • Ulkudl oh bcdbklcdbh kl tr`ge`s pohqulthrb`s pohqulthrb`s lc o`s vhs`s shcmuçcl`s. shcmuçcl`s. • Ulkudl oh bchghdbôc y oh nbcdnhzôc nbcdnhzôc.. • Tl nh uobzhk` lc oh lcflrglkhk kl Ylyr`cbl, dbss bctlrsdbho, bctlrsdbho , nlg`rr`bkls, lpbkbkbgbs. • [blcl uc lfldt` lspldçd` s`erl s`erl oh d`ctrhdobkhk dhrkçhdh, muhrkhck` lo dhodb` kl oh hes`rdbôc kl oh erh klo gñsduo`, rlkudblck` kl lsth ghclrh oh dhrmh kl trheha` klo d`rhzôc. • \ch s`oudbôc kl KGT@ kbouçkh kbouçkh lc s`oudbôc sb`oômbdh sb`oômbdh ` shobch uch uch ` k`s vldls ho kçh, ls ño phrh pr`eolghs lc o`s `a`s, bcdouylck` dhthrhths ` mohud`gh. • Tl nhc `etlcbk` `etlcbk` rlsuothk`s rlsuothk`s p`sbv`s lc lc lo trhthgblct` trhthgblct` kl1 hp`polaçh, hp`polaçh, hgbo`bk`sbs, olsb`cls lc oh dhelzh, k`o`r kl gulohs, klprlsbôc, er`gbhombh, kbheltls, nlrpls ohebho, hdcâ, qulo`bkls, nlght`ghs, ltd. • Lc dhs`s kl hddbklctl dlrler`vhsduohr dlrler`vhsduohr,, KGT@ hyukh h klsnhdlr o`s tr`ge`s qul pulkh nhelr lc lo dlrler` ` lc `trhs phrtls klo dulrp`. Y`r o` thct` ls ldhz duhck` sl prlslcth uc hthqul dhrkbhd`, phrh qul oh shcmrl dbrduol hklduhkhglctl yh qul d`cslrvh y rlmlclrh o`s tlabk`s. YU@[@D@O@ LC LT[@T DHT@T1 • Glzdohr d`c hdlbtl kl `obvh y hpobdhr lc o`s gblger`s lc lo dhs` kl hddbklctl dlrler`vhsduohr1 dlrler`vhsduohr1 dudnhrhkbth kl KGT@ ho =9% + dudnhrhkbt dudnhrhkbthh kl hdlbtl. • [`ghr 8 ` 5 dudnhrhkbths (kl ohs kl dhfâ) glzdohk` d`c zug`, dhkh 8< gbcut`s, lc dhs` kl hthqul ho d`rhzôc. * * * ;8< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh ;86 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g D = Bcf`rgl plrbdbho klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` Gbs trheha`s nhc sbk` drbdhk`s dr bdhk`s (yh gl lst`y hd`stugerhck`) 1) p`r c` tlclr uch tuohdbôc dblcdh lspldçdh lc fhrghdâudh y p`r o` thct` nl lcdhrmhk` uc plrbthal pr`flsb`cho fhrghdâud` s`erl lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` y sus lfldt`s lc lo slr nughc`. Lo plrbthal aukbdbho, thgebâc oohghk` plrbthal f`rlcsl, sblgprl ls rlhobzhk` p`r pr`flsb`chols tuohk`s, k`thk`s kl d`c`dbgblct`s rld`c`dbk`s, qul kbsp`clc kl lstukb`s suplrb`rls lspldbhobzhk`s y su fucdbôc ls sugbcbstrhr oh bcf`rghdbôc flnhdblctl lc o`s trbeuchols kl ausdbh. Lstl bcf`rgl nh sbk` rlhobzhk` p`r MCM (bcdbhols kl oh plrs`ch qul nh rlhobzhk` rlhobzhk` lo bcf`rgl bcf`rgl y o`s dôkbm`s kl d`gpr`ehdbôc), Ylrbthdb`cls Fhrghdâudhs Aurçkbdhs, d`c lo cñglr` kl hs`dbhk` aurçkbd`1 Hs`dbhk` YL.A\.EH. C± 99>68 lc Lsphøh. Bf1 DO@U@1 Lo lolglct` do`r` sl lcdulctrh lc oh d`ougch 8= kl oh theoh plrbôkbdh tlrdlrh oh. Lst` c`s kbdl qul lcl trls `rebths kl loldtr`cls (5, >, =) y qul lc lo ñog` cbvlo (lo (lo gès lxtlrc`) nhy nhy = loldtr`cls. Lc oh chturholzh chturholzh t`k` lckl h oh gèxbgh lsthebobkhk, phrh lo ñog` cbvlo kl loldtr`cls ls qul sl d`gpoltl d`c > (Ulmoh klo `dtlt`). Lsths dhrhdtlrçsdhs nhdlc klo do`r` uc lolglct` trlglckhglctl vlrsèo, kl ghclrh qul pulkl hdtuhr d`c o`s lsthk`s kl `xbkhdbôc qul gulstrh oh theoh bcflrb`r. Kl f`rgh qul thct` pulkl hdtuhr d`c `tr`s lolglct`s f`rghck` lcohdls bôcbd`s, d`g` f`rghck` lcohdls d`vholctls, slmñc htrhpl loldtr`cls klo `tr` (èt`g` ` d`gpulst`) ` o`s d`gphrth. Y`r thct` oh vlrshobkhk y oh fhdbobkhk klo do`r` ho d`gebchrsl ls guy lolvhkh. ;8= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh @xbkhdbôc1 -8 +8 +4 +< += D`gpulst`1 Do`rur` Nbp`do`rbt` Doo`rbt` D Do`rht` Ylrdo`rht` Fôrguoh1 Do- Do@- Do@5- Do@4- Do@;- Lstrudturh1 Y`r loo` c` ls kl lxtrhøhr qul oh chturholzh nhyh lsd`mbk` ho do`r` d`g` lo hcbôc gès heuckhctl klo dulrp` nughc`. [ho ls su bgp`rthcdbh qul lstè d`csbklrhk` uc gbdr`cutrblctl. Klskl lo puct` kl vbsth sb`oômbd`, lo hcbôc do`r` (Do-) ls lo gès heuckhctl lc lo oçqubk` lxtrhdlouohr klo dulrp` nughc`. [blcl oh dhphdbkhk kl lctrhr y shobr kl ohs d`g` dâouohsloauct` d`c lo s`kb` y lo p`thsb` ` d`gebchk` d`c `tr`s dh`cls ghy`rls dhodb`. Lo do`r` rlmuoh, auct` d`c lo s`kb`, lo lquboberb` nçkrbd` (lxtrhdlouohr) y lo lquboberb` èdbk`-ehsl. O`s cbvlols sârbd`s c`rghols klo b`c do`rur` sl sbtñhc lctrl o`s 26 y 896 gLq/O, gblctrhs qul lc lo bctlrb`r dlouohr sl nhooh lc t`rc` h o`s ; gLq/O. Lo b`c do`rur` ls bckbsplcsheol phrh oh pr`kuddbôc kl èdbk` do`rnçkrbd` lc lo lstôghm`, sbc âo, oh kbmlsôc kl ohs pr`tlçchs, mrhshs y oh hsbgbohdbôc kl gbclrhols c` slrçh p`sbeol. O`s rlqulrbgblct`s kbhrb`s kl do`r` phrh uc hkuot` s`c kl =<9 gm, pr`vbcblck` su hp`rtl s`erl t`k` kl o`s hobglct`s shohk`s, fruths y vlmlthols, dhrcls pr`dlshkhs y vlmlthols lcohthk`s. Lo do`r` bcmlrbk` ls hes`rebk` dhsb t`thoglctl lclololstôghm`, bctlsc` d`g` y sl lobgbch ghy`rglctl p`r lo suk`r y sl mhsth s`erl t`k` lc èdbk` do`rnçkrbd`. Dhrmh obmlrhglctl p`sbvh Dhrmh obmlrhglctl clmhvh Do`rur` kl Nbkrômlc` (NDo) (NDo) Vlg`s d`g` oh g`oâduoh kl èdbk`kl do`rnçkrbd` thgebâc do`rur` kl nbkrômlc`, lcl uch kbstrbeudbôc dhrmh, nhy(NDo), uch phrtl kl oohghkh oh g`oâduoh d`c ghs d`cdlctrhdbôc kl loldtr`cls y lst` mlclrh uch z`ch clmhvh y p`r thct` nherè `trh phrtl kl oh g`oâduoh d`c kâdbt kl cuel loldtrôcbdh y slrè oh z`ch p`sbvh, lstl nldn` nhdl qul slh uch g`oâduoh gès rlhdvh. ;8> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` = O`s cbvlols kl Do- sulolc lsthr rlmuohk`s p`r hquloo`s pr`dls`s qul hfldthc ho s`kb`, hs`dbèck`sl o`s dhgeb`s kl uc` h g`kbdhdb`cls klo `tr`. Lo ehohcdl èdbk`-ehsl bcuyl lc o`s cbvlols kl s`kb` kl f`rgh qul lo hcbôc do`r` ls rlhes`rebk` y lxdrlthk` lc pr`p`rdbôc bcvlrsh ho ebdhre`cht`, phrh ghctlclr lo pN sârbd`. VHO@U N1 Lo pN c`s kh oh glkbkh kl hodhobcbkhk ` hdbklz kl uch kbs`oudbôc. Lo ghctlcbgblct` ghctlcbgblc t` klo pN klo glkb` bctlrc`, ls kl vbtho bgp`rthcdbh phrh o`s slrls vbv`s. Ls uch kl ohs d`csthctls qul lo `rmhcbsg` trhth kl ghctlclr, p`r slr fuckhglctho lc oh hdvbkhk lczbgèdh y `trhs fucdb`cls vbthols. Kbhrbhglctl lo glthe`obsg` bctlrglkb` vh h mlclrhr uch mrhc dhckhk kl èdbk`s, plsl h o` duho, lo vho`r pN vh h plrghcldlr lstheol y d`c p`d` ghrmlc kl vhrbhebobkhk. Loo` ls klebk` h oh hddbôc kl o`s hg`rmuhk`rls sb`oômbd`s qul vhc h hdtuhr kl f`rgh bcglkbhth bgpbkblck` mrhckls mrhckls dhgeb`s kl pN, y h o`s gldhcbsg`s kl rlmuohdbôc puog`chr y rlcho, qul s`c lc ñogh bcsthcdbh o`s rlsp`csheols klo ghctlcbgblct` klo pN. Oh bgp`rthcdbh klo pN1 oh hdbklz r`gpl o`s lcohdls d`vholctls, t`kh oh quçgbdh klo dhre`c`, quçgbdh `rmècbdh, lstè d`cstrubkh d`c lcohdls d`vholctls. Y`tlcdbho kl glgerhch1 Ls oh kbflrlcdbh kl dhrmh loâdtrbdh, (v`othal loâdtrbd`) h hge`s ohk`s kl oh glgerhch, pr`kudt` kl oh kbstrbeudbôc hsbgâtrbdh kl b`cls. Lc lo `rmhcbsg` lxbstlc k`s lsphdb`s, lo lxtrhdlouohr y lo bctrhdlouohr. Lc lo lxtrhdlouohr ` oçqubk` bctlrsdbho, lo hcbôc gès heuckhctl ls lo b`c do`rur` (Do-). Lc lo glkb` bctrhdlouohr (dbt`pohsgh), o`s hcb`cls gès heuckhctls s`c ohs pr`tlçchs, qul lc ohs d`ckbdb`cls klo pN dlouohr bctlrc`, lstèc b`cbzhkhs clmhvhglctl p`r obelrhdbôc kl b`cls nbkrômlc` (N+). Lo dhôc gès heuckhctl lc lo oçqubk` bctlrsdbho ls lo b`c s`kb`, y lc lo dbt`pohsgh ls lo b`c p`thsb` d`c kbflrlctls d`cdlctrhdb`cls bctrh-lxtrh bctrh-lxtrh dlouohr kl o`s b`cls ghs frldulctls. Lo klslquboberb` bôcbd` qul pr`kudl oh p`ohrbzhdbôc kl oh glgerhch ls klebk` h oh kbscth plrglhebobkhk qul prlslcth, frlctl frlctl h dhkh uc` kl lst`s b`cls. Lo b`c kl p`thsb` htrhvblsh oh glgerhch oberlglctl: oh plrglhebobkhk phrh lo s`kb` ls glc`r, y hklgès ls lxpuoshk` p`r glkb` kl uc trhcsp`rtl hdv`, oohghk` e`geh s`kb`p`thsb`. Ohs pr`tlçchs, klebk` h su thghø`, c` pulklc htrhvlshr oberlglctl oh glgerhch. [`kh lsth kbcègbdh lstheoldl uch kbflrlcdbh kl p`tlcdbho lc d`ckbdb`cls kl rlp`s` kl (-29 gV). Oh lxbstlcdbh kl lstl p`tlcdbho kl glgerhch ls bgprlsdbckbeol phrh lo `rbmlc y trhcsgbsbôc klo bgpuos` clrvb`s`. ;82 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh C`rghoglctl nhy p`tlcdbhols loâdtrbd`s h trhvâs kl ohs glgerhchs lc t`khs ohs dâouohs. Ohs dâouohs clrvb`shs y gusduohrls s`c H\[@L^DB[HEOLT, ls kldbr, s`c dhphdls kl hut`mlclrhr bgpuos`s loldtr`quçgbd`s lc sus glgerhchs, y lc gudn`s dhs`s, kl trhcsgbr sløhols Z885W. Duhck` lo p`tlcdbho kl glgerhch ls mlclrhk` p`r KBF\TBÔC K BF\TBÔC kl kbflrlctls b`cls, klebk` h oh kbflrlctl kbflrlctl plrglhebobkhk h oh glgerhch, bcuylc1 • Oh p`ohrbkhk kl oh dhrmh kl dhkh uc` kl o`s b`cls h kbfuckbr. • Oh plrglhebobkhk plrglhebobkhk kl oh glgerhch h dhkh uc` kl o`s b`cls. • Ohs d`cdlctrhdb`cls kl o`s gbsg`s thct` lc lo lxtlrb`r d`g` lc lo bctlrb`r kl oh glgerhch. O`s b`cls s`kb`, p`thsb` y do`rur` s`c o`s b`cls gès bgp`rthctls qul phrdbphc lc oh mlclrhdbôc klo p`tlcdbho kl glgerhch lc ohs erhs clrvb`shs y gusduohrls. Oh vhrbhdbôc kl d`cdlctrhdbôc rèpbkh kl o`s b`cls s`kb` y p`thsb` s`c o`s prbcdbphols rlsp`csheols kl oh trhcsgbsbôc loâdtrbdh ` gusduohr. gusduohr. \c mrhkblctl kl d`cdlctrhdbôc p`sbv` lc lo bctlrb`r kl oh glgerhch dhush loldtr`clmhvbkhk loldtr`clmh vbkhk lc lo bctlrb`r kl oh gbsgh: lst` lxpobdh qul sb nhy uch ghy`r d`cdlctrhdbôc kl b`cls p`thsb` lc lo bctlrb`r kl oh glgerhch, nherè p`r o` thct` ghy`r kbfusbôc klo gbsg`, klskl lo bctlrb`r nhsth lo lxtlrb`r kl oh glgerhch, mlclrhck` uc kâdbt kl dhrmhs p`sbvhs lc lo bctlrb`r kl oh glgerhch, o` duho k`thrè h kbdn` glkb`, kl dhrmh clmhvh. Lo p`tlcdbho kl glgerhch c` ls lo gbsg` lc t`khs ohs dâouohs, d âouohs, klplckblck` klo `rbmlc kl ohs gbsghs, p`r lalgpo` lc ohs gusduohrls, `sdbohc klskl (-<9 h +69 gV). Oh kbflrlctl d`cdlctrhdbôc kl dhkh uc` kl o`s b`cls s`kb`-p`thsb` h hge`s ohk` kl oh glgerhch kltlrgbch lo V@O[HAL klo p`tlcdbho kl glgerhch. Oh plrglhebobkhk kl o`s dhchols kl Ch+ y J+ sufrlc dhgeb`s kurhctl oh d`ckuddbôc klo bgpuos` clrvb`s`, gblctrhs qul o`s dhchols kl Do - c` dhgebhc, p`r o` thct` ohs vhrbhdb`cls kl plrglhebobkhk phrh Ch y J s`c bgp`rthctls phrh oh trhcsgbsbôc kl oh sløho h o`s clrvb`s. Oh e`geh s`kb`-p`thsb` (Ch-J) lxtrhl 4 Ch+ y lctrh 5 J+ y lst` mlclrh uc kbflrlcdbh kl p`tlcdbho kl 7 -29 gV. Oh g`oâduoh kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` lcl uc p`tlcdbho glc`r qul lo kl glgerhch kl oh dâouoh p`r o` qul âsth c` sl ‟sblctl hthdhkh‗. Oh lclrmçh kl lcohdl, ls oh lclrmçh cldlshrbh phrh r`gplr lo lcohdl lspldçd` lc oh g`oâduoh. Hsç, lo phr bôcbd` p`sll uch lclrmçh gès ehah qul oh kl o`s b`cls slphrhk`s. ;59 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` = O ee T@KB@-Y@[HTB@ (CH-J)1 Fbm. <61 Lsqulgh kl fucdb`chgblct`. Gô1 Ohs gbt`d`ckrbhs s`c `rmècuo`s dlouohrls lcdhrmhk`s kl sugbcbstrhr oh ghy`r phrtl kl oh lclrmçh cldlshrbh phrh oh hdvbkhk dlouohr (rlspbrhdbôc dlouohr) y sl lcdulctrhc lc lo dbt`pohsgh kl oh dâouoh. Ohs gbt`d`ckrbhs hdtñhc, p`r o` thct`, d`g` dlctrhols lclrmâdhs kl oh dâouoh y sbctlzhc H[Y, h lxplcshs kl o`s dhreurhctls gltheôobd`s (moud`sh, èdbk`s mrhs`s y hgbc`èdbk`s). Oh gbt`d`ckrbh prlslcth uch glgerhch lxtlrb`r plrglheol h b`cls, glthe`obt`s y gudn`s p`obpâpk`s. Ls` ls klebk` h qul d`clcl pr`tlçchs qul f`rghc p`r`s oohghk`s p`rbchs ` VKHD (dhcho hcbôcbd` klplckblctl kl v`othal), qul plrgbtlc lo phs` kl g`oâduohs. Oh prlslcdbh kl @ 5 lsguoh lo huglct` kl gbt`d`ckrbhs prlslctls lc oh dâouoh. Lstl kl pulkl lclrmçh sl trhkudl lccldlsbkhkls uch ghy`r hdvbkhk dlouohr. Oh dâouoh hsç huglct` lcrbquldbkh hdtuhr slmñc ohs qul sl prlslctlc lc lo dulrp` lc hqulo g`glct` (ghdrôfhm`s, (ghdrôfhm`s, dâouohs jboolr). U (Dq)1 Ohs d`gpolahs bctlrhddb`cls lctrl lsths dâouohs lstèc glkbhkhs p`r uch slrbl kl pr`tlçchs sldrlthkhs kl eha` pls` g`olduohr qul s`c d`c`dbkhs d`oldvhglctll d`g` dbt`qubchs. d`oldvhglct Ohs dbt`qubchs fucdb`chc d`g` glcshalr`s klo sbstlgh bcgucl1 rlmuohc oh bctlcsbkhk y kurhdbôc kl oh rlspulsth bcgucl, lsguohck` ` bcnbeblck` oh pr`obflrhdbôc vhrbhs dâouohs,p`r oh sldrldbôc kl hcdulrp`s ` oh klrlspulsth `trhs dbt`qubchs. Ohs dbt`qubchskl s`c sldrlthkhs vhrbhs dâouohs bgpobdhkhs lc bcgucl d`g` rlspulsth h uc lsguo`, y hdtñhc s`erl ohs dâouohs kbhch qul lxprlshc lc su glgerhch rldlpt`rls lspldçd`s phrh uch dbt`qubch khkh. Oh ucbôc kl uch ;58 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh dbt`qubch h su rldlpt`r kl glgerhch trhcsgbtl uch sløho nhdbh lo bctlrb`r dlouohr qul d`ckudl h dhgeb`s lc oh hdvhdbôc y lxprlsbôc kl mlcls. Lc lo sulr` sl nhc kltldthk` rldlpt`rls s`oueols phrh ohs kbscths dbt`qubchs dbt`qubchs duyh hddbôc ls d`ctrbeubr h oh rlmuohdbôc kl oh hdvbkhk kl ohs gbsghs. Ohs dbt`qubchs pulklc hdtuhr s`erl gudn`s `ealv`s dlouohrls kbflrlctls1 • hut`drbch1 ucbâck`sl h oh gbsgh dâouoh qul oh sldrlth. • phrhdrbch1 hdtuhck` s`erl uch dâouoh dlrdhch. • lck`drbch1 ucbâck`sl h dâouohs d âouohs kbsthctls. Ohs dbt`qubchs aulmhc uc phplo fuckhglctho lc oh rlspulsth bcgucl bcchth, glkbhctl gldhcbsg`s kl hddbôc kbrldth frlctl ho hmlctl bcvhs`r, ` glkbhctl oh g`vbobzhdbôc kl gldhcbsg`s bcguc`rrlmuohk`rls d`g` o`s bcbdbhk`rls kl oh bchghdbôc, lolvhck` lolvhck` oh tlgplrh tlgplrhturh turh d`rp`rho (lerl) y hdvhck` ohs dâouohs d âouohs CJ (Chturho Jboolr) y o`s ghdrôfhm`s.p`r Ohso`s dbt`qubchs qul ohs hdtñhc lc CJ, lsthyfhsl pr`kudbkhs fuckhglcthoglctl ghdrôfhm`s, dâouohs p`r lstèc `trhs dâouohs c` bcgucls d`g` er`eohst`s, y dâouohs lck`tlobhols. Ohs prbcdbphols dbt`qubchs qul bctlrvblclc lc oh rlspulsth bcchth s`c lctrl `trhs, Fhdt`r kl Cldr`sbs [ug`rho ([CF-θ) l Bctlrflr`cls. Klschturhobzhdbôc kl pr`tlçchs Oh klschturhobzhdbôc ls uc dhgeb` lstrudturho k`ckl oh pr`tlçch pblrkl su lstrudturh chvh, y kl lsth f`rgh su ôpg` fucdb`chgblct`. H vldls thgebâc dhgebh sus pr`pblkhkls sbd`quçgbdhs. Oh f`rgh cho kl oh pr`tlçch kltlrgbch dôg` bctlrhddb`chrè d`c lo lct`rc`. Tb oh f`rgh kl oh pr`tlçch ls hotlrhkh p`r homñc fhdt`r lxtlrc` lct`cdls c` ls dhphz kl dugpobr su fucdbôc dlouohr, nh qulkhk` klschturhobzhkh. Oh klschturhobzhdbôc pulkl slr p`r slphrhdbôc kl sueucbkhkls ` p`r bctlrrupdbôc kl o`s lcohdls. Lc gudnhs pr`tlçchs oh klschturhobzhdbôc klschturho bzhdbôc c` ls rlvlrsbe rlvlrsbeol: ol: lst` klplckl klo mrhk` kl g`kbdhdbôc kl ohs lstrudturhs kl oh pr`tlçch. \ch pr`tlçch klschturhobzhkh sl pulkl v`ovlr bcs`oueol, pulkl huglcthr oh vbsd`sbkhk, kbsgbcubr lo d`ldblctl kl kbfusbôc, pulkl nhelr pârkbkh kl ohs pr`pblkhkls eb`oômbdhs. Ne1 Ls uch pr`tlçch d`c uc klo èt`g` kl nblrr` lc su cñdol`, prlslctl lc o`s moôeuo`s r`a`s y rlsp`csheol trhcsp`rtl l bctlrdhgeb` klo `xçmlc` / kbôxbk` kl dhre`c` lctrl o`s puog`cls y o`s tlabk`s d`rp`rhols. Lstè f`rghkh p`r duhtr` sueucbkhkls pr`tlbdhs oohghkhs mo`ebchs h uc mrup` mr up` nlg` (c` pr`tlbd`). ;55 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` = L f E e1 Ls oh pr`pblkhk kl oh nlg`mo`ebch qul lstheoldl qul h uc pN glc`r (gès èdbk`) oh nlg`mo`ebch tlckrè glc`s hcbkhk ho `xçmlc`. Lstl lfldt` fhdbobth lo trhcsp`rtl kl `xçmlc` lc lo g`glct` qul oh nlg`mo`ebch sl ucl ho `xçmlc` lc o`s puog`cls, plr` oulm` o` obelrh lc o`s tlabk`s, lspldbhoglctl lc o`s tlabk`s qul gès cldlsbthc kl `xçmlc`. Duhck` huglcth oh thsh gltheôobdh kl o`s tlabk`s, su pr`kuddbôc kl kbôxbk` kl dhre`c` huglcth. Lo kbôxbk` kl dhre`c` f`rgh ebdhre`cht` glkbhctl oh sbmublctl rlhddbôc1 D@5 + N5@ ⇋ N5D@4 ⇋ N+ + ND@4- Lst` nhdl qul lo pN kl o`s tlabk`s kbsgbcuyh, kbsgbcuyh, y p`r ls`, huglcth huglcth oh kbs`dbhdbôc klo `xçmlc` kl oh nlg`mo`ebch lc o`s tlabk`s, plrgblck` qul o`s tlabk`s `etlcmhc `xçmlc` sudblctl phrh shsfhdlr sus cldlsbkhkls. Y`r `tr` ohk`, lc o`s puog`cls, k`ckl k`c kl oh d`cdlctrhdbôc kl `xçmlc` ls hoth, oh ucbôc klo `xçmlc` pr`v`dh oh obelrhdbôc kl pr`t`cls kl oh nlg`mo`ebch, qul sl d`gebchc d`c ebdhre`cht` y sl lobgbch lo kbôxbk` kl dhre`c` kl oh rlspbrhdbôc rlspbrhdbôc.. Khk` qul lsths k`s rlhddb`cls sl d`gplcshc, nhy p`d`s dhgeb`s lc lo pN kl oh shcmrl. Oh obelrhdbôc suohr kl `xbmlc` lstè kltlrgbchkh p`r oh kbflrlcdbh kl prlsbôc phrdbho kl `xbmlc` lctrl o`s dhpbohrls y oh dâouoh, thgebâc bctlrvblcl oh hcbkhk lctrl `xçmlc` y nlg`mo`ebch (shturhdbôc kl oh nlg`mo`ebch h cbvlo suohr). Ne ô1 Oh nlg`mo`ebch nhebtuhoglctl lstè sblck` s`glkh kl f`rgh d`csthctl h oh hddbôc kl hmlctls `xbkhctls. Oh nlg`mo`ebch ls dhphz kl trhcsp`rthr lo `xçmlc` mrhdbhs mrhdbhs h su cñdol` kl nblrr` (Fl5+) lc lsthk` rlkudbk`, o` qul ol plrgbtl ucbrsl ho `xçmlc` ("`xbkhrsl"). Tbc lgehrm`, sb oh nlg`mo`ebch ls `xbkhkh p`r `trhs duls`cls, lsl cñdol` kl nblrr` pblrkl oh fucdb`chobkhk ho phshr h uc 4+ lsthk` kl ehsl `xbkhk` (Fl ), c` pukbâck`sl hsç ucbr ho `xçmlc`. Yhrh lvbthr lsth klshstr`sh d`ckbdbôc, oh nlg`mo`ebch kbsp`cl kl uc sbstlgh lczbgèd`1 oh glthnlg`mo`ebch rlkudthsh, qul ls dhphz kl klv`ovl klv`ovlrr oh g`oâduoh ho lsthk` bcbdbho gès rlkudbk`, uobzhck` ho d`fhdt`r CHKN `xbkèck `xbkèck`o` `o` h CHK+. O`s tôxbd`s glthnlg`mo`ebcbzhctls glthnlg`mo`ebcbzhctls sl kbvbklc lc1 lc1 • Hmlctls bckbrldt`s1lclc bckbrldt`s1 lclc uch hddbôc `xbkhc `xbkhctl tl sôo` bc vbv`, yh qul prldbshc uch eb`trhcsf`rghdbôc phrh hdtuhr d`g` glthnlg`mo`ebcbzhctls. Y`r lalgpo`, o`s cbtr` y hgbc`klrbvhk`s kl nbkr`dhreur`s hr`gèd`s, o`s hcphoñkbd`s y ohs suofhgbkhs. [`k`s [`k`s pr`kudlc, hklgès, nlgôobsbs. ;54 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh • Hmlctls kbrldt`s1 cbtrht`s, do`rht`s, er`ght`s y y`kht`s. C` pr`kudlc nlgôobsbs, lxdlpt` o`s do`rht`s. Glkbdhglct`s d`c dhphdbkhk glthnlg`mo`ebcbzhctl glthnlg`mo`ebcbzhctl11 • Hctârgbd`s y hchomâsbd`s klrbvhk`s kl oh hcbobch. • Hclstâsbd`s o`dhols1 Elcz`dhçch (vbh sueduthclh), Yrbo`dhçch (sup`sbt`rb`s). • Hcphoñkbd`s sbctâd`s1 fèrghd`s hcolpr`s`s. • Hcsâpd`s1 plrghcmhcht` p`tèsbd` y suofhgbkhs suofhgbkhs.. [rhthgblct` klo k`o`r1 k`o`r1 • Lc lo us` kl o`s HBCL (Hc Bchght`rb`s C` Lstlr`bkl) lxbstlc kbsdrlphcdbhs s`erl su lfldvbkhk lc lo Tçckr`gl klo K`o`r Ulmb`cho D (TKUD). (TKUD). • O`s `pb`kls pulklc slr lfldv`s lc lo hobvb` klo k`o`r. k`o`r. • O`s hcklprlsbv`s hcklprlsbv`s trbdçdobd`s, s`c ñols lspldbhoglctl lspldbhoglctl sb lo k`o`r ls d`ccu`, qulghctl, lsp`cthcl` ` phr`xçsd`. • Lo k`o`r drôcbd` prldbsh kl uch htlcdbôc htlcdbôc phrh gla`rhr oh dhobkhk kl vbkh klo phdblctl. Bcf`rgl plrbdbho1 lstrudturhs y nldn`s Hctldlklctls klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`1 Fbm. <=1 @xbkhdbôc Ulk`x. Lc lstl lsqulgh sl `eslrvh lo lquboberb` kbcègbd` qul lxbstl lctrl ohs 4 fôrguohs1 èdbk` do`r`s`, kbôxbk` kl do`r` l b`c do`rbt`. Lo lsthk` kl `xbkhdbôc klo b`c do`rbt` y hdbk` do`r`s` ls kl +4 y lc lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls +;. Lo qul lo do`r` hdtñl d`c vholcdbh +; ls dhush kl qul oh g`oâduoh kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` slh thc rlhdvh y lctrl lc rls`chcdbh lc oh kbstrbeudbôc kl o`s loldtr`cls qul oh d`gp`clc d`gpola` rlk`x. ;5; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` = Lst` c`s plrgbtl d`gprlcklr lo gldhcbsg` kl hddbôc klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` y lxpobdh d`g` hphrldl b`c do`rbt` d`g` suepr`kudt` lc oh klsbcflddbôc klo hmuh, duhck` âsth sl rlhobzh d`c kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` Do@ 5 lcl hoth dhphdbkhk `xbkhvh `xbkhvh sloldvh lc fucdbôc klo pN. Lsth hddbôc ls oh qul kbflrlcdbh lo gldhcbsg` klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` (Do@ 5) klo `z`c` (@4) y klo hmuh `xbmlchkh (N5@5) qul obelrhc lo `xbmlc` bcklplckblctlglctl klo pN kl oh z`ch lc qul sl nhoolc. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls uch susthcdbh qul lc d`ckbdb`cls c`rghols kl uobzhdbôc c` mlclrh lfldt`s tôxbd`s ` bcklslheols klspr`p`rdb`chk`s ho elcldb` `etlcbk`. Ls ldhz lc ohs bckbdhdb`cls phrh ohs qul sl `frldl gât`k`s kl `etlcdbôc klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Gâ eô ôx 1 Hdbkbdhdbôc kl do`rbt` kl s`kb`, `etlcblck` kbôxbk` kl do`r`1 do`r`1 <Do@5- + ;N+ j ;Do@5 + 5N5@ + Do- @xbkhdbôc kl do`rbt` kl s`kb` p`r do`r`1 do`r`1 5ChDo@5 + Do5 j 5ChDo + 5Do@5 @xbkhdbôc kl do`rbt` kl s`kb` p`r plrsuofh plrsuofht` t`11 5ChDo@5 + Ch5T5@> j 5 Do@5 + 5Ch5T@; @xbkhdbôc kl nbp`do`rbt` kl sôkb` y do`rbt` kl sôkb` lc glkb` èdbk`1 èdbk`1 Ch@Do + 5ChDo@5 + 5NDo j 5 Do@5 + 4ChDo + N5@ Ulkuddbôc kl do`rht`s p`r hdbkbdhdbôc lc prlslcdbh kl èdbk` `xèo `xèobd` bd`11 5NDo@4 + N5D5@; j 5Do@5 + 5D@5 + 5N5@ Ulkuddbôc kl do`rht`s p`r kbôxbk` kl suofur`1 ChDo@4 + N5T@; + T@5 j 5Do@5 + 5ChNT@; Y`r loldtrôobsbs, lo do`rht` kl s`kb` pulkl slr rlkudbk` lc glkb` èdbk`. [`khs lsths hotlrchvhs sl kbflrlcdbhc lc su rlckbgblct`, d`st` y `etlcdbôc kl lolglct`s d`ohtlrhols c` klslheols. Y`r o` thct`, ohs f`rguohdb`cls klc`gbchkhs kl ‟Kbôxbk` kl Do`r` lsthebobzhk`‗ d`rrlsp`cklc fuckhglcthoglctl h s`oudb`cls qul d`clclc homuchs kl lsths shols, sblck` ;5< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh su kbflrlcdbh lc ohs susthcdbhs hkbdb`chkhs qul pr`p`rdb`chc oh lsthebobzhdbôc y lo gla`r lquboberb` kl ohs lspldbhs quçgbdhs phrh `etlclr oh dhckhk bckbdhkh kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` kldohrhk`. Ohs lgprlshs lspldbhobzhkhs lc oh p`thebobzhdbôc klo hmuh kl elebkh nhc rld`rrbk` uc ohrm` dhgbc` nhsth lcd`ctrhr oh f`rgh ghs bkôclh. C`rghoglctl sl uobzh do`r`, nbp`do`rbt` kl s`kb` ` nbp`do`rbt` kl dhodb` phrh klsbcfldthr hmuh qul sl vh h uobzhr d`g` p`theol. Lst`s klsbcfldthctls prlslcthc oh klsvlcthah kl qul rlhddb`chc d`c oh ghtlrbh `rmècbdh prlslctl lc lo hmuh mlclrhck` uch fhgbobh kl suepr`kudt`s d`g` o`s trbnho`glthc`s ([NG) qul s`c dhcdlrçmlc`s. D`c lo `ealt` kl lvbthr lstl pr`eolgh, sl nhc sustubk` o`s klsbcfldthctls hctlrb`rglctl glcdb`chk`s, p`r kbôxbk` kl do`r`, lo duho c` f`rgh trbnho`glthc`s hucqul lo hmuh d`ctlcmh uch lolvhkh dhckhk kl ghtlrbh `rmècbdh: sbc lgehrm`, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` pulkl prlslcthr o`s sbmublctls pr`eolghs1 8. F`rghdbôc kl kl b`c do`rbt` (Do@ (Do@5-) 5. F`rghdbôc kl b`c do`rht` (Do@4-). Tu oçgbtl gèxbg` plrgbsbeol slrè kl 8 gm/O. Yhrh lvbthr oh f`rghdbôc klo b`c do`rht`, lo ñcbd` gât`k` lfldv` qul sl nh lcd`ctrhk` d`csbstl lc hpobdhr lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc fhsl mhsl`sh ho hmuh h p`thebobzhr, hpr`vldnhck` oh hoth s`ouebobkhk klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` mhs lc hmuh. Kl lsth ghclrh, bcklplckblctlglctl kl oh k`sbdhdbôc kl kbôxbk` kl do`r`, oh d`cdlctrhdbôc pr`kudbkh kl b`c do`rht` ls kl horlklk`r kl 9,8 gm/O, oh duho c` ls khøbch Z884W. Va ôx 1 • Oh ldhdbh ehdtlrbdbkh d`c d`c vho`rls vho`rls kl pN lctrl lctrl ; y 89. • Lo kbôxb kbôxbk` k` kl do`r` ls dohrhglctl dohrhglctl suplrb`r ho do`r` lc oh oh klstruddbôc kl lsp`rhs, ehdtlrbhs, vbrus y `tr`s `rmhcbsg`s phtômlc`s lc uch ehsl rlsbkuho bmuho. • Lo lgp` lgp` rlqulrbk` rlqulrbk` kl d`cthdt` phrh lo Do@5 ls gès eha`. • Lo kbôxbk` kbôxbk` kl do`r` lcl uch gla`r s`ouebobkhk. s`ouebobkhk. • Cbcmuch d`rr`sbôc d`rr`sbôc sl hs`dbô h hoths hoths d`cdlctrhdb`cls d`cdlctrhdb`cls klo klo do`r`. Ulkudl Ulkudl d`stls kl ghctlcbgblct` h ohrm` pohz`. + CN; . •• Lo kbôxbk` o`s kbôxbk` kl do`r` c` rlhddb`ch d`c CN4 ` Klstruyl prldurs`rls kl o`s trbnho`glthc`s ([NG). • Lo Do@5 klstruyl o`s flc`ols y c` klah cbcmñc `o`r kbsct`. ;56 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` = Hddb`cls klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` • Tl d`c`dl oh hddbôc klo kbôxbk` kbôxbk` kl do`r` d`g` klsbcfldthctl klsbcfldthctl klskl lo hø` 8299. • Lc 826=, LY LYH H rlmbstrh lo prbglr oçqubk` kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` ushk` d`g` klsbcfldthctl y hcsâpd`. • Lc 82>>, LY LYH H rlmbstrh lo mhs mhs kbôxbk` kl do`r` d`g` lstlrbobzhctl. • Lc 5995, LYH LYH rlmbstrh lo mhs kbôxbk` kl do`r` d`g` lstlrbobzhctl phrh bckustrbhs y lqubp`s kl ohe`rht`rb` y obgpblzh kl nhebthdb`cls. • Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls uc` kl o`s hcgbdr`ebhc`s d`ctrh lo èctrhx (lcflrglkhk (lcflrglkh k dhushkh p`r lo Ehdboous hctnrhdbs). Kl nldn` lc oh drbsbs klo 5998, oh Hmlcdbh Yr`tlddbôc Hgeblctho (LYH, lc \TH) hut`rbzô lo us` kl pr`kudt`s d`ctlcblck` d`ctlcblck` kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc hmuh phrh obgpbhr suplrdbls d`cthgbchkhs p`r èctrhx. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls uc eb`dbkh `xbkhctl y c` uch t`xbch gltèobdh. Lst` sbmcbdh qul kbôxbk` kl do`r` ghth gbdr``rmhcbsg`s p`r oh bctlrrupdbôc klo trhcsp`rtl kl cutrblctls h trhvâs kl oh glgerhch dlouohr, c` p`r bctlrrupdbôc klo pr`dls` gltheôobd`. Kl o`s eb`dbkhs `xbkhctls, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls lo `xbkhctl gès sloldv`. Tbc lgehrm`, ho bmuho qul d`c t`k`s y dhkh uc` kl o`s pr`kudt`s quçgbd`s klsbcfldthctls, sb s`c ghcbpuohk`s bchpr`pbhkhglctl, ` d`csugbk`s bctlrchglctl ` hes`rebk`s ` sualt`s h lxp`sbdbôc pr`o`cmhkh, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` pulkl slr tôxbd`. ;.8. Y vô ôx Klshrr`oo` kl phtlctls l bcvlsmhdb`cls d`c b`c do`rbt`/kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Gudn`s nhc sbk` o`s dhs`s kl phdblctls qul nhc cldlsbthk` uch trhcsfusbôc kl shcmrl y p`stlrb`rglctl h looh nhc klshrr`oohk` bcflddb`cls dhushkhs p`r o`s mârglcls qul d`ctlcçh oh shcmrl trhsfuckbkh. Lstl nldn` nh mlclrhk` s`erld`st`s lc lo sldt`r kl oh shouk, p`r oh trhcsgbsbôc kl bcflddb`cls klebkhs h trhcsfusb`cls kl shcmrl kl ehah dhobkhk, d`cthgbchkh. d`cthgbchkh. Hf`rtuchkhglctl lst` yh c` klelrçh v`ovlr h sudlklr pulst` qul sl nhc phtlcthk` gât`k`s, ehshk`s lc oh hddbôc klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, dhphdls kl bchdvhr o`s mârglcls prlslctls lc oh shcmrl kl o`s k`chctls, sbc hotlrhr p`r loo` ohs dhrhdtlrçsdhs dhrhdtlr çsdhs kl o`s nlghls cb su fucdbôc fucd bôc lc lo `rmhcbsg` klo rldlpt`r. ;5= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh ;.8.8. NLDN@T Bctlrch`cho Yhtlct Dohssbdh`c1 H68J 48/82, 44/8;, H68O 59/86 y Bctlrch`cho Yueobdh`c c± ]@ >>/98<9= d`c fldnh 89 ghrz` 82>>. Lstl gât`k` phtlcthk` trhth bc vbtr` o`s nlghls pr`dlklct pr`dlklctls ls kl k`chctls, qul pulklc d`ctlclr vbrus, d`g` lo N[OV-BBB (hmlctl dhusho klo Tçckr`gl kl oh Bcguc` Kldblcdbh Hkqubrbkh). O`s nlghls sl trhthc bc vbtr` d`c uch s`oudbôc kl do`rbt` kl s`kb` ho 9,84% y hdbk` oèdd` ho 8,56% kboubk`s lc s`oudbôc shobch (do`rur` sôkbd`). Lstl trhthgblct` bchdvh vbrus N[OV-BBB, d`g` thgebâc `tr`s vbrus. Y`stlrb`rglctl, o`s d`cdlctrhk`s kl nlghls hsç trhthk`s s`c ohvhk`s d`c s`oudbôc shobch. Hn`rh o`s d`cdlctrhk`s kl nlghls s`c bc`du`s y slmur`s phrh slr trhsfuckbk trhsfuckbk`s. `s. Lstl trhthgblct` quçgbd` c` hfldth h oh fucdbôc kl o`s nlghls cb h su g`rf`o`mçh (kbsd` ebdôcdhv`). ebdôcdhv`). Hklgès, sl ghclcl oh hddbôc kl oh nlg`mo`ebch d`ctlcbkh lc âo, plrgblck` lo bctlrdhgeb` klo kbôxbk` kl dhre`c`, pr`kudbk` lc oh rlspbrhdbôc dlouohr, p`r lo `xçmlc` hes`rebk` h trhvâs kl o`s puog`cls (lfldt` E`nr kl oh nlg`mo`ebch). \ch vlz d`cslmubk` lstl bgp`rthctl o`mr`, lrh bckbsplcsheol d`cslmubr lo gèxbg` hpr`vldnhgblct` kl t`k`s o`s lolglct`s qul d`gp`clc oh shcmrl (pohsgh, pohqulths, drb`prldbpbthk`s y fhdt`rls kl d`hmuohdbôc). Kl t`k`s lrh eblc d`c`dbk` qul uch trhsfusbôc kl pohqulths h glcuk` mlclrheh uch bcflddbôc p`r ehdtlrbhs pr`v`dhck` uch slpdlgbh. ;.8.5. NLDN@T Lc Lsthk`s \cbk`s, oh Hodbkl D`rp`rh`c, kl C`rwhoj, D`cclddut, drlh oh Yhtlctl c± <.982.;95 lc lo 5> ghy` 8228. Lstl gât`k` phtlcthk` nh d`cslmubk` qul ohs frhddb`cls kl oh shcmrl (pohqulths, pohsgh, ltd..) pulkhc slr muhrkhkhs p`r ohrm` lgp` sbc lo rblsm` kl d`cthgbchdbôc gbdr`ebhch. Oh shcmrl y sus d`gp`clctls s`c susdlpeols kl slr bcfldthkhs p`r ehdtlrbhs, vbrus, lsp`rhs y n`cm`s ho slr ghcbpuohkhs y hoghdlchkhs phrh slr ushkhs p`stlrb`rglct p`stlrb`rglctl. l. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls d`csbklrhk` p`r su hdvbkhk d`g` ehdtlrbdbkh, fucmbdbkh, lsp`rbdbkh, hcolvhku hcolvhkurhs rhs y hcvbrho hcvbrho.. Oh prlslctl phtlctl sl ehsh lc oh obelrhdbôc kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc ohs e`oshs kl rld`mbkh kl oh shcmrl h trhvâs oh prlslcdbh do`rbt` kl s`kb` lc loohs auct` d`c lo hcd`hmuohctl (èdbk` kl dçtrbd` y dbtrht` klo sôkbd`) bckbsplcsheol phrh ghctlclr oh shcmrl lc lsthk` oçqubk` y ubk`. C` sl nhc `eslrvhk` lfldt`s hkvlrs`s rlspldt` h o`s fhdt`rls kl d`hmuohdbôc cb h oh hdvbkhk kl Fhdt`r VBBB y Fhdt`r B^. [hgp`d` sl nh `eslrvhk` cbcmñc dhgeb` lc oh g`oâduoh kl nlg`mo`ebch d`ctlcbkh lc lo nlghl. ;5> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` = Lsth phtlctl thgebâc ls ño lc oh klsbcflddbôc kl ohs pohqulths, yh slhc `etlcbkhs kl nughc`s ` kl shcmrl kl `tr`s ghgçflr`s. O`s lstukb`s klgulstrhc oh fhoth kl t`xbdbkhk klo gât`k` ho hchobzhr bc vbtr` lo Fhdt`r VBBB (hcnlg`obd`). Tl bcfldtô d`c lo vbrus kl oh lst`ghs vlsbduohr (VTV). Y`stlrb`rglctl sl trhtô d`c lo gât`k` phtlcthk` kl s`oudbôc kl do`rbt` sôkbd`, hdbk` oèdd` y hcd`hmuohctl Zèdbk` lolckbhgbc`tltrhhdâd` (LK[H)W. Fbchoglctl sl lstukbô oh hdvbkhk eb`oômbdh klo Fhdt`r VBBB y ohs pr`tlçchs dhsb c` nheçhc plrkbk` hdvbkhk eb`oômbdh. Ulspldt` h o`s lcshy`s rlhobzhk`s d`c pohqulths, lstl lcshy` bc`duoô L- d`ob h uch s`oudbôc kl d`cdlctrhk` kl pohqulths. Tl trhtô d`c kbôxbk` kl do`r` h kbscths d`cdlctrhdb`cls, d`cdlctrhdb`cls, h shelr1 44 ppg, <9 ppg, =< ppg, 899 ppg, 85< ppg y 5<9 ppg. Tl vb` qul h phrr kl =< ppg, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` yh lrh lfldv` phrh lstlrbobzhr ohs pohqulths klo L. d`ob d`c qul sl nheçhc bcfldthk`. [hgebâc sl nh vbst` oh lfldvbkhk klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` p`r lo gbsg` gât`k`, frlctl h oh bcflddbôc p`r T. hurlus. Lstl gât`k` thgebâc ls lfldv` d`g` prlvlcdbôc lc oh trhsgbsbôc kl vbrus, ehdtlrbhs, y pr`t`z``s qul hphrlctlglctl c` lcl lo k`chctl, p`rthk`r shc`, plr` qul lc lo dulrp` klo rldlpt`r klshrr`oohrèc t`kh su vbruolcdbh. Lsths k`s phtlctls lvbklcdbhc qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` c` pulkl slr lo rlsp`csheol kl ohs glthnlg`mo`ebclgbh, cb klo kltlrb`r` kl oh glgerhch klo nlghl, yh qul bcvhob bcvhobkhrçh khrçh su fucdbôc. Oh plrbt` rghctl klo bcf`rgl kbdl qul lsth phtlctl klgulstrh qul o`s hmlctls do`rbt` y kbôxbk` kl do`r` c` s`c nlg`oçd`s lc ohs k`sbs rld`glckhkhs. ;.8.4. NLDN@T Kldohrhdbôc klo do`rbt` kl s`kb` d`g` glkbdhglct` nuârfhc` phrh Lsdolr`sbs Ohtlrho Hgb`trôdh (LOH). KLDBTBÔC KL LALD\DBÔC KL OH D@GBTBÔC Kldohrhdbôc klo ‟do`rbt` kl s`kb`‗ d`g` glkbdhglct` nuârfhc` d`c hrrlmo` ho Ulmohglct` (DL) c¹ 8;8/5999 klo Yhrohglct` Lur`pl` y klo D`csla`, lc lo kçh 82/6/5984. Lo hrduo` nuârfhc` 8 kbdl1 lo phrh glkbdhglct` ‟do`rbt` ‟do`rbt` kl s`kb`‗ qulkh kldohrhk` d`g` glkbdhglct` oh sbmublctl bckbdhdbôc1 trhthgblct` kl oh lsdolr`sbs lsd olr`sbs ohtlrho hgb`trôdh (LOH). Kbdn` glkbdhglct` lstè bcsdrbt` lc lo rlmbstr` d`gucbthrb` kl glkbdhglct`s nuârfhc`s d`c lo cñglr` L\/4/84/8842. ;52 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Oh LOH ls uch lcflrglkhk klo sbstlgh clrvb`s`, lc oh qul ohs dâouohs klo dlrler` y kl oh gâkuoh lspbcho sl kltlrb`rhc mrhkuhoglctl. Nhy pârkbkh klo d`ctr`o kl o`s g`vbgblct`s pukblck` oolmhr nhsth oh phrèobsbs. Ohs dhushs lxhdths kl lsth lcflrglkhk s`c hñc klsd`c`dbkhs, pukblck` bctlrvlcbr fhdt`rls mlcâd`s y hgeblcthols. O`s sçct`ghs vhrçhc lc fucdbôc kl duho slh lo prbglr gusduo` hfldthk`, d`g` oh pârkbkh klo lquboberb`, pârkbkh klo d`ctr`o kl ohs ghc`s, kbduothk lc lo nheoh. Lc ñog` târgbc` duhck` hfldth h o`s gñsduo`s qul d`ctr`ohc oh rlspbrhdbôc sl oolmh h oh gulrtl p`r fhoo` rlspbrht`rb`. Lo klshrr`oo` kl uch rlspulsth lfldvh lfldvh bgpobdh h kbflrl kbflrlctls ctls mrup`s dlouohrls. Ohs d`gpolahs bctlrhddb`cls lctrl lsths dâouohs lstèc glkbhkhs p`r uch slrbl kl pr`tlçchs sldrlthkhs qul sl d`c`dlc d`oldvhglctl d`g` dbt`qubchs. Ohs dbt`qubchs fucdb`chc d`g` glcshalr`s klo sbstlgh bcgucl, rlmuohc oh bctlcsbkhk y kurhdbôc kl oh rlspulsth bcgucl, lsguohck` ` bcnbeblck` oh pr`obflrhdbôc pr`obfl rhdbôc kl vhrbhs dâouohs, oh sldrldbôc kl hcdulrp`s ` kl `trh dbt`qubch. O`s ghdrôfhm`s s`c d`gp`clctls kl oh shcmrl, plrtlcldblctls h frhddbôc slrbl eohcdh y vbcduohkhs ho sbstlgh bcguc`oômbd`. Ohs dbt`qubchs qul hdtñhc lc lsth fhsl lstèc pr`kudbkhs fuckhglcthoglctl p`r o`s ghdrôfhm`s CJ (Chturho Jboolr). O`s ghdrôfhm`s bctlrvblclc lc lo pr`dls` kl bchghdbôc. Lc oh LOH, sl pr`kudlc cbvlols lolvhk`s kl dbt`qubchs ohs duhols hthdhc y olsb`chc h ohs dâouohs clrvb`shs klo dlrler` y gâkuoh lspbcho. Tl lsplrh qul lo do`rbt` kl s`kb` rlkuzdh lsth hdvbkhk ho eo`qulhr o`s ghdrôfhm`s y kl lsth ghclrh prlvlcbr lo kltlrb`r` kl oh lcflrglkhk. Tl hkgbcbstrhrè vçh lck`vlc`sh. Lc `pbcbôc kl oh plrbt` heha` rghctl, sb uch susthcdbh ls fhdeol kl hkgbcbstrhdbôc vçh lck`vlc`sh ‛lc lstl dhs` lo do`rbt` kl s`kb`‛, p`klg`s hrghr qul c` ls dhushctl kl nlgôobsbs. ;.8.;. NLDN@T Lc `dtuerl klo 5998, vhrbhs dhrths d`ctlcblck` lsp`rhs kl èctrhx (dhreucd`) fulr`c lcvbhkhs h homuchs `dbchs kl glkb`s kl prlcsh y h k`s slchk`rls lc Lsthk`s \cbk`s, pr`v`dhck` pr`v`dhck` oh gulrtl h dbcd` plrs`chs l bcfldthck` h `trhs 8=. • Klsbcfldthr Klsbcfldthr lo lkbdb` klo Tlchk` phrh lobgbchr lobgbchr ohs lsp`rhs lsp`rhs lgpolhck` lo mhs kbôxbk` kl do`r` d`stô uc`s 5= gboo`cls kl kôohrls. • Klsbcfldthr oh `dbch p`stho lc Erlctw``k, lc ohs hfulrhs kl ]hsnbcmt`c, Z88;W d`stô 849 gboo`cls kl kôohrls y thrkô 56 glsls . Lc lsth drbsbs klo 2 kl c`vblgerl kl 5998, oh Hmlcdbh kl Yr`tlddbôc Hgeblctho (LYH-\TH) hut`rbzô lo us` kl pr`kudt`s d`ctlcblck` kbôxbk` kl do`r` (mhs) y lc s`oudbôc hdu`sh (hmuh) phrh obgpbhr suplrdbls d`cthgbchkhs p`r lsp`rhs kl èctrhx. ;49 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` = ;.8.<. NLDN@T Kb`xydno`r®, bcvlsmhk` y klshrr`oohk` p`r Hglrbdhc Eb`o`mbds. Ls uc hcvbrho, hcehdtlrbhc` hcehdtlrbhc` y hcfñcmbd`. Klskl nhdl uc`s hø`s sl s l vblcl uobzhck` plrfusb`cls kl Hglrbdhc Eb`o`mbds lc n`spbthols y dlctr`s gâkbd`s kl glkbdbch bctlmrhvh, bctlmrh vh, hsç d`g` lc `trhs doçcbdhs y n`spbthols klo guck`. Lc 5998, o`s pr`fls`rls U`elrt ]. Erhkf`rk y Nlcry ]. Hoolc, klo Erhkf`rk Ulslhrdn Bcstutl kl Dhobf`rcbh, nhc lstukbhk` lo gldhcbsg` kl hddbôc y rlsuothk` doçcbd` klo Kb`xydno`r®, qul ls uch sho bc`rmècbdh kl s`kb` (do`rbt` kl s`kb`). Tl nh hgpobhk` su hpobdhdbôc ho trhthgblct` klo vbrus kl Lpstlbc-Ehrr (LEV), dbt`glmho`vbrus dbt`glmho`vbrus (DGV), vbrus kl ohs nlphs H y E. Oh lstrudturh quçgbdh ls pN klplckblctl, ls kldbr su lsthebobkhk lstè lc fucdbôc kl oh d`cdlctrhdbôc kl nbkr`mlc`b`cls qul nhyh lc lo glkb`. Kb`xydno`r® rlsuoth uch g`oâduoh clutrh d`csbstlctl lc trls èt`g`s loldtr`clmhv`s s`stlcbk`s auct`s p`r o`s lcohdls d`vholctls y lcohdls d`vholctls d``rkbchk`s. Klskl lstl ‟doustlr‗, uc s`o` èt`g` kl `xçmlc` hothglctl rlhdv` ls obelrhk` lc lo `rmhcbsg`. Lstl `xçmlc` hdv` ls lo hmlctl hdv` klo Kb`xydno`r®. Lstl èt`g` kl `xçmlc` ls qublc lcl oh dhphdbkhk hcvbrho, hcfñcmbdh y hcehdtlrbhch. K`sbs11 lc lo lstukb` sl nh hkgbcbstrhk` Kb`xydno`r® p`r m`tl` bctrhvlc`s` K`sbs kl 899dd kl s`oudbôc shobch, d`c 89dd kl Kb`xydno` K b`xydno`r®. r®. O`s lstukb`s bctrhvlc`s`s rlhobzhk`s rlhobzhk`s p`r Hglrbdhc Eb`o`mbds Glkbdho Dlctlr D lctlr nhc lstheoldbk` qul 5<.999 ppg kl Kb`xydno`r® lc 899 go kl s`oudbôc shobch y hkgbcbstrhk`s kurhctl 49 gbcut`s lrh uc cbvlo kl k`sbdhdbôc slmur`. Oh muhcbch (g`oâduoh qul f`rgh phrtl kl oh lstrudturh klo HKC y UCH) ls guy slcsbeol h èdbk` oh `xbkhdbôc uch yvlz `xbkhkh lo glthe`obt` râpobdh klo cudolbd`y vbrho lo vbrus qulkh bchdvhk`. rlsuothctl bgpbkl oh O`s lstukb`s sl rlhobzhr rlhobzhr`c `c frlctl ho vbrus kl Lpstlbc-Ehrr (LEV). ;.8.6. NLDN@T @x` Dnlgbl lc Tubzh nh klshrr`oohk` oh f`rguoh ]F89. Ls oh ghtrbz rlhobzhkh d`c lo b`c do`rbt`, lo tltrhdo`r`kldhôxbk` ([DK@). Tl uobzh lc tlrhpbh hkaucth ho trhthgblct` rltr`vbrho y lc oh pr`ohxbs kl ohs bcflddb`cls p`r `p`rtucbsths kl o`s phdblctls d`c HBKT. Ohs dbt`qubchs fucdb`chc d`g` glcshalr`s klo sbstlgh bcgucl. Ohs dbt`qubchs aulmhc uc phplo fuckhglctho lc oh rlspulsth bcgucl bcchth d`c gldhcbsg`s kl hddbôc kbrldth frlctl ho hmlctl bcvhs`r, ` d`c oh g`vbobzhdbôc kl gldhcbsg`s bcguc`rlmuohk`rls d`g` o`s bcbdbhk`rls kl oh bchghdbôc, ;48 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh lolvhck` oh tlgplrhturh d`rp`rho (lerl) y hdvhck` ohs dâouohs CJ y o`s ghdrôfhm`s. O`ubsh Jÿcl y `tr`s bcvlsmhk`rls kl vhrbhs ucbvlrsbkhkls holghchs pueobdhrhc, lc oh lkbdbôc kl 5988 klo A`urcho `f Eb`glkbdbcl hck Eb`tldnc`o`my, Eb`tldnc`o`my, lo lstukb` ‟Oh lsguohdbôc kl ohs dâouohs CJ d`ctrh dâouohs ghobmchs p`r oh hddbôc klo ]F89‗ Z88<W, qul rlsugbkhglctl bckbdh lo sbmublctl1 Lo ]F89 (` Bgguc`jbcl®) lstè ehshk` lc oh ghtrbz `etlcbkh d`c lo b`c do`rbt`. Bcduehc ohs dâouohs CJ d`c y sbc ]F89 (d`cdlctrhdbôc cho kl 599 ¼g kl do`rbt` h 4= ˑD). Kl f`rgh bctlrlshctl `eslrvhc d`g` oh lsguohdbôc rlhobzhkh p`r lo ]F89 ls s`o` lc ohs dâouohs CJ dbt`tôxbdhs, c` lc t`khs ohs dâouohs CJ klo bckbvbku`. Lo ]F89 nh rldbebk` oh hpr`ehdbôc kl su us` lc [hbohckbh lc phdblctls d`c dècdlr kl dârvbx y trhthk`s d`c rhkb`tlrhpbh prlslcthc d`g` sldulohs1 bchghdbôc drôcbdh, dbss, pr`ds y gud`sbs Z886W. ;.8.=. NLDN@T Lc 599>, lo A`urcho `f Mlclrho Vbr`o`my pueobdh1 lfldt` klo mhs kbôxbk` kl do`r`, h ehah d`cdlctrhdbôc, d`g` ldhz pr`tldt`r d`ctrh oh bcflddbôc p`r vbrus Bculczh H. Oh [hjb` Ynhrghdludho D`. Otk. 4-4;-8;, @shjh, Ahpôc, h trhvâs kl su bcstut` kl bcvlsmhdbôc lstukbô dôg` ohs bcflddb`cls p`r Bculczh vbrus lrh uch kl ohs ghy`rls dhushs kl g`rebobkhk y g`rthobkhk. Lctrl nughc`s lstl vbrus sl lxdrlth vçh hlr`s`o. Ohs m`ths kl Foÿmml, lsths plquløhs m`ths kl shobvh qul sl lgbtlc ho nheohr, t`slr ` lst`rcukhr y qul sbrvlc kl trhcsp`rtl phrh o`s gbdr``rmhcbsg`s qul sl nhoohc lc ohs vçhs rlspbrht`rbhs, rlspbrht `rbhs, hdtñhc kl vlnçduo` kl d`cthmb`. Oh slmurbkhk y ldhdbh kl glkbkhs prlvlcvhs d`ctrh lo vbrus kl Bculczh H lrhc cldlshrbhs. Tl nh klg`strhk` oh lfldvbkhk qul prlslcth h guy ehahs d`cdlctrhdb`cls lo mhs kbôxbk` kl do`r`. O`s lstukb`s bc vbtr` gulstrhc qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` klschturhobzh ohs pr`tlçchs kl oh dèpsbkl vçrbdh (nlghmoucbch-clurhgbcbkhsh) qul s`c bckbsplcsheols phrh oh dhphdbkhk bcfldvh klo vbrus. Lo lstukb` d`cdouyl qul lo mhs kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls lfldv lfldv` ` lc oh prlvlcdbôc kl oh trhcsgbsbôc p`r hlr`s`o klo vbrus Bculczh H lc rht`cls, h uch d`cdlctrhdbôc guy p`r kleha` kl oh plrgbkh lc lxp`sbdbôc phrh nughc`s p`r thct` lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` pulkl slr ushk` lc oumhrls d`c hdvbkhk nughch sbc cldlsbkhk kl lvhduhdbôc. ;45 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` = ;.8.>. NLDN@T O`s mârglcls `p`rtucbsths guorlsbstlctls (GKU - Guo Krums Ulsbsthcdl, lc bcmoâs), ls kldbr guorrlsbstlctls h o`s hcebôd`s d`c`dbk`s, s`c dhushctls kl bcflddb`cls lc dblct`s kl n`spbthols bcdoubk`s o`s dlctr`s kl phçsls ph çsls klshrr`oohk`s. Lc slplgerl kl 598; sl hdlptô, phrh su p`stlrb`r pueobdhdbôc lc lo Ahphclsl A`urcho `f Bcfld`u Bcfld`uss Kbslhsls, lo lstukb` rlhobzhk` rlhobzhk` p`r Htsusnb Nbclc`yh Nbclc`yh y d`ohe`rhk`rls p`r lo qul vho`rhehc oh dhphdbkhk klsbcfldthctl klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`, frlctl h Tthpnyo`d`ddus hurlus, Ysluk`g`chs hlrumbc`sh y Hdbclt Hdbclt`ehdt `ehdtlr lr ehughccbb Z88=W. Oh bgp`rthcdbh bcflddb`sh kl lst`s trls mârglcls ls tho qul duhck` sl kltldthc, s`c kl kldohrhdbôc `eobmht`rbh h Thcbkhk. Oh prlslcdbh kl ehdtlrbhs GKU nhc bk` bcdrlglctèck`sl mlclrhck` mlclrhck` slrb`s pr`eolghs lc doçcbdhs y n`spbthols prldbshglctl k`ckl sl lcdulctrhc o`s phdblctls d`c oh ehrrlrh bcguc`oômbdh gès kâebo. Oh lxplrblcdbh klgulstrh o` kbdbo qul ls trhthr kl durhr h lcflrg`s bcfldthk`s p`r homuc` kl lst`s mârglcls GKU, dhsb c` lxbstlc `pdb`cls kl trhthgblct`. Lo ghtlrbho kl dbrumçh, qubrôfhc`s y ghtlrbho kl durhs sl d`cvblrtlc lc p`tlcdbhols trhcsgbs`rls kl o`s gbsg`s. Y`r thct` mhrhczhr uch klsbcflddbôc slmurh frlctl h lst`s mârglcls ls vbtho. Tl nh ushk` lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` d`g` p`tlctl ehdtlrbdbkh, fucmbdbkh, fucmbdbkh, vbrudbkh y frlctl h pr`t`z``s. Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` prlslcth vlcthahs vlcthahs p`r slr hdv` lc uch rhcm` kl pN ghs mrhckl y lo gldhcbsg` kl hddbôc klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls h trhvâs kl oh klschturhobzhdbôc kl ohs pr`tlçchs. ;.8.2. NLDN@T Lc oh prlvlcdbôc y d`ctr`o kl oh olmb`clo`sbs, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` nh t`ghk` uc r`o lgbclctl. Lc ohs tuelrçhs sl drlh uc p`s` kl ghtlrbh `rmècbdh y nuglkhk (eb`og) qul plrgbtlc kleha` kl su dhph lo klshrr`oo` kl mârglcls phtômlc`s. Ohs eb`ploçduohs s`c uc rlfumb` slmur` phrh o`s gbdr``rmhcbsg`s d`g` Obstlrbh, L. d`ob y Olmb`clooh, d`g` `durrl lc ohs tuelrçhs kl hbrl hd`ckbdb`chk`. Tbc lgehrm` lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lobgbch lo eb`og y ghth h ohs ehdtlrbhs, lsp`rhs y vbrus Z88>W. @trhs vlcthahs s`c1 oh ldhdbh ehdtlrbdbkh klo Do@ 5 sl vl p`d` hfldthkh p`r vho`rls kl pN lctrl ; y 89. Lo lgp` kl d`cthdt` rlqulrbk` phrh oh hddbôc ehdtlrbdbkh klo Do@5 ls gès ehah y lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lcl gla`r s`ouebobkhk. ;44 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Bcf`rgl plrbdbho klo kbgltbosuofôxbk` (KGT@) \s` y hpobdhdb`cls klo kbglosuofôxbk` kbglosuofôxbk` (KGT@)1 <.8. Lo KGT@ lcl lxdlpdb`chols pr`pblkhkls pr`pblkhkls d`g` kbs`ovlctl, p`sll uch hgpobh hdvbkhk fhrghd`oômbdh qul bcdouyl klskl lfldt`s hcbchght`rb`s h vhs`kbohthdbôc vhs`kboht hdbôc ` kbs`oudbôc klo d`oèmlc` y dhpthdbôc kl rhkbdhols oberls. Lo prbcdbpho us` klo KGT@ ls d`g` vlnçduo` phrh hkgbcbstrhr fèrghd`s. Yulkl hkgbcbstrhrsl vçh `rho, bctrhvlc`sh ` tôpbdh phrh trhst`rc`s `stl`gusduohrls, lcflrglkhkls lcflrglkh kls dutèclhs, y lc rlpr`kuddbôc hsbskh. Lo KGT@ y su glthe`obt` suof`ch sl lxdrlthc lxdrlthc p`r `rbch y nldls. Lc `dtuerl 5989, lc lo <<± D`cmrls` kl Fhrghdbh N`spbthohrbh, Mhsphr y d`ohe`rhk`rls kl oh \cbkhk kl [rhught`o`mçh klo N`spbtho kl Vholcdbh prlslcthr`c lo trheha` s`erl oh lfldvbkhk kl uc pr`t`d`o` kl trhthgblct` tôpbd` d`c KGT@ ho <9% lc lo Tçckr`gl klo K`o`r Ulmb`cho D`gpola` (TKUD). Lc lo lstukb` nhc `eslrvhk` qul prlslcth uch eulch t`olrhcdbh doçcbdh y cuoh bcdbklcdbh kl rlhddb`cls hkvlrshs. Lo us` klo KGT@ ho <9% vçh tôpbdh nh klg`strhk` su ldhdbh lc phdblctls d`c TKDU. <.5. Lc phdblctls d`c trhthgblct` qubgb`tlrèpbd` (vçh lck`vlc`sh) pulkl `durrbr qul nhyh lxtrhvhshdbôc kl dbt`stèd`s, dbspohc`, hctrhdbdobchs obp`s`ghols y klrbvhk`s. Yhrh lo trhthgblct` sl kbsp`clc kl glkbkhs fhrghd`oômbdhs qul d`csbstlc d`csbstlc lc hpobdhr KGT@ ho 29-22% vbh tôpbdh. Lo pr`t`d`o` kbdl1 ; m`ths lc uch suplrdbl kl 89 dg5 dhkh > n`rhs kurhctl = h 8; kçhs. Bcf`rgl plrbdbho kl lstukb`s t`xbd`oômbd`s Lstuk`s t`xbd`oômbd`s klo do`rbt` kl s`kb`/kbôxbk` kl do`r` Bcf`rghdbôc pueobdhkh p`r BUBT (Tbstlgh kl Bcf`rghdbôc kl Ublsm`s Bctlmrhols) kl oh LYH (Lcvbr`cglctho Yr`tlddb`c Yr`tlddb`c Hmlcdy) kl o`s Lsthk`s \cbk`s. d`c lo c.± DHT 899;2- 9;-; Z882W. Klo k`duglct` 5= klo bcf`rgl plrbdbho sl nhc rlhobzhk` k`s lsqulghs, lc uc` sl rlohdb`ch oh bcmlsth klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` h trhvâs klo hmuh y oh `trh theoh lc rlohdbôc h oh bcnhohdbôc. Tl nhc nldn` lstukb`s d`c rhths y d`c v`oucthrb`s phrh kltlrgbchr oh k`sbs gès hoth sbc qul pr`v`qul lfldt`s hkvlrs`s (C@HLO1 C` @eslrvlk Hkvlrsl Lldt Olvlo/Cbvlo sbc lfldt` hkvlrs` `eslrvheol) y oh k`sbs gès ehah h oh duho hphrldlc lfldt`s hkvlrs`s (O@HLO1 O`wlst @eslrvlk Hkvlrsl Lldt Olvlo/Cbvlo kl gçcbg` lfldt` tôxbd` `eslrvheol). ;4; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` = 8. L xô ( ôx )1 Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc hmuh p`theol phsh h b`c do`rbt`, b`c do`rht` y kbôxbk` kl do`r` y oulm` lst`s sl klmrhkhc h b`c do`rur`. 5. L xô (ô ôx )1 Vlr lst`s (y `tr`s) k`duglct`s dblcd`s lc1 nps1//hckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g/k`duglct`s-dblcd`s/ Lc rlsuglc vlg`s dôg` oh hphrbdbôc kl lfldt`s slduckhrb`s p`r bcnhohdbôc `durrlc duhck` lxbstl uch ohrmh lxp`sbdbôc. Lc 82>6, trhthr`c h mrup`s kl rhths h d`cdlctrhdb`cls kl 499 ppg h 8999 ppg kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` obqubk`. H hoths d`cdlctrhdb`cls kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls dhphz kl bckudbr rlspulsths nbplrpoèsbdhs lc oh pblo klo rhtôc Z859W. Lc lo lstukb` kl ohs n`rg`chs r`bklhs lc rhths y g`c`s lxpulst`s ho kbôxbk` kl do`r` lc lstukb`s kl hmuh kl elebkh sl nh kltlrgbchk` uc O@HLO kl 8; gm/jm p`r kçh Z858W. B (D@4-)1 O`s do`rht`s s`c shols bc`rmècbdhs klo èdbk` doôrbd` d`c mrhc dhphdbkhk `xbkhctl. `xbkhct l. Hdtuhoglctl, lstèc prlslctls lc o`s hobglct`s1 su prlslcdbh vh klskl lo us` kl flrobz flrobzhctls hctls ` pr`kudt`s t`shcbthrb`s qul o`s pulkhc d`ctlclr lc su f`rguohdbôc, nhsth oh uobzhdbôc kl hmuh do`rhkh phrh o`s pr`dls`s kl ohvhk` y klsbcflddbôc. O`s do`rht`s bcnbelc kl f`rgh rlvlrsbeol oh hes`rdbôc kl y`kur` p`r phrtl kl oh moèckuoh r`bkls. Hklgès kl hfldthr oh fucdbôc kl oh r`bkls, o`s do`rht`s thgebâc pulklc dhushr khø` h o`s lrbtr`dbt`s (moôeuo`s r`a`s), pr`v`dhck` nlgôobsbs y f`rghdbôc kl glthnlg`mo`ebch pukblck` lst` ñog` ghcbfls ghcbflsthrsl thrsl d`g` uc lfldt` hmuk`. Ohs c`rghs bctlrchdb`chols phrh lo hmuh p`theol kl oh @GT kl 82<>, 8264 y 82=8 y oh prbglrh lkbdbôc kl ohs ‟Muçhs kl oh @GT phrh oh Dhobkhk klo Hmuh Y`theol‗,, pueobdhkh lc 82>;, Y`theol‗ 82>; , c` nbdblr`c rlflrlcdbh ho kbôxbk` kbôxbk ` kl do`r`, ho do`rht`, cb ho do`rbt`. Ohs Muçhs kl 8224 d`cdouylr`c qul o`s kht`s kbsp`cbeols s`erl lo lfldt` klo do`rht` lc lo slr nughc` y lc hcbghols kl lxplrbglcthdbôc c` s`c sudblctls phrh kltlrgbchr uc vho`r kl rlflrlcdbh Z855, 854W. ;4< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh B (D@5-)1 Lo do`rbt` ls uc hcbôc bc`rmècbd`, bcd`o`r`, bc`k`r`, bcsçpbk` y sl kbsulovl fèdboglctl lc lo hmuh. Lo do`rbt` ls rlohvhglctl lstheol, lxdlpt` sb lctrh lc d`cthdt` d`c `trhs susthcdbhs quçgbdhs d`g` lo do`r` oberl. Lc lo trhthgblct` klo hmuh, lo do`rbt` ls uch kl ohs susthcdbhs quçgbdhs qul phrdbphc lc lo pr`dls` kl mlclrhdbôc klo kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Ls thgebâc lo suepr`kudt` qul sl f`rgh ho klsbcfldthr hmuh d`c kbôxbk` kl do`r`, lc k`ckl lo <9% klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` sl d`cvblrtl lc do`rbt` gblctrhs qul lo rlsthctl sl d`cvblrtl lc do`rht` (Do@4-) y do`rur` (Do-). H plshr kl qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls d`csbklrhk` d`g` uc p`tlctl klsbcfldthctl, klsbcfldt hctl, lo do`rbt` ls uc kâebo hmlctl ehdtlrbdbkh. Lc ohs Muçhs kl 8224 sl lstheoldbô uc vho`r kl rlflrlcdbh pr`vbsb`cho kl 9,5 gm/O gm /O phrh lo do`rbt` lc lo hmuh kl d`csug`. Lo vho`r kl rlflrlcdbh rlflrlcdbh sl klsbmcô d`g` pr`vbsb`cho klebk` h qul o`s vho`rls kl rlflrlcdbh phrh lo do`rbt` pulklc suplrhrsl. Oh LYH, lc Lsthk`s \cbk`s, ah uc cbvlo gèxbg` kl do`rbt` lc lo hmuh, d`g` suepr`kudt` kl oh klsbcflddbôc kl oh gbsgh, kl 8 gm/O. Lc lstukb`s kl nhsth 85 slghchs d`c v`oucthrb`s, c` sl `eslrvô cbcmñc lfldt` s`erl o`s phrègltr`s shcmuçcl`s d`c oh k`sbs gès hoth kl do`rbt` (46 gm/jm kl pls` d`rp`rho ho kçh). @tr` p`sbeol `rbmlc klo do`rbt` prlslctl lc lo glkb`hgeblctl ls lo eohcqulhk` kl oh puoph kl phplo lc oh bckustrbh phplolrh. Bcf`rgl plrbdbho1 \s`s klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` 8.4. \ ôx Yrlvlcdbôc y d`ctr`o kl oh Olmb`clooh O lmb`clooh Lc oh prlvlcdbôc y lo d`ctr`o kl oh lcflrglkhk kl oh olmb`clooh, lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` nh t`ghk` uc phplo lgbclctl. Oh ploçduoh eb`oômbdh qul sl f`rgh lc oh tuelrçh pulkl pr`tlmlr olmb`clooh d`ctrh oh ghy`rçh kl o`s klsbcfldthctls. \ch ploçduoh eb`oômbdh (eb`og) ls uch dhph kl gbdr``rmhcbsg`s d`ctlcbk`s lc uch ghtrbz (dhph klo obg`), qul sl f`rgh lc suplrdbls lc d`cthdt` d`c hmuh. Oh ploçduoh eb`oômbdh pr`p`rdb`ch uc hsbo` slmur` phrh o`s `rmhcbsg`s d`g` Obstlrbh g`c`dyt`mlcls, L.d`ob y olmb`clooh qul pulklc hooç rlpr`kudbrsl. Tl nh klg`strhk` qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lobgbch oh ploçduoh eb`oômbdh kl sbstlghs kloLohmuh y lvbth ls qulp`d` sl f`rgl duhck` lstè k`sbdhk` lc uc cbvlo eha` y d`ccu`. nbp`do`rbt` lfldv` lfldv ` lc ploçduohs eb`oômbdhs. ;46 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` = [rhthgblct` [rhthgblct ` kl t`rrls kl rlfrbmlrhdbôc1 Oh ghy`rçh kl oh mlctl sbc lgehrm`, klsd`c`dl qul ohs t`rrls kl rlfrbmlrhdbôc sup`clc uc rblsm` phrh oh shouk. Oh O h d`ckbdbôc kl hoth tlgplrhturh ls bklho phrh lo drldbgblct` kl vhrb`s `rmhcbsg`s phtômlc`s (d`g` olmb`clooh). K1 Ohs klpurhk`rhs s`c sbgbohrls lc kbslø` h ohs t`rrls kl rlfrbmlrhdbôc. Oh kbflrlcdbh prbghrbh lctrl o`s k`s ls qul o`s klpurhk`rls s`c sbstlghs prlsurbzhk`s, gblctrhs gblctrhs qul ohs t`rrls kl rlfrbmlrhdbôc s`c sbstlghs kl vhdç`. Kfô e1 Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` sl uobzh klskl nhdl hø`s lc oh klsbcflddbôc klo hmuh p`theol (lc o`s LL.\\. klskl 82;;). Oh cldlsbkhk sl prlslctô duhck` ful klsdueblrt` qul lo do`r` y pr`kudt`s sbgbohrls f`rghehc suepr`kudt`s plobmr`s`s d`g` o`s trbnho`glthc`s ([NG). Klskl lct`cdls homuchs d`gphøçhs kl hmuh lc lo Ulbc` \cbk` y LL.\\. nhc d`glczhk` h ushr Do@5. Lo p`tlcdbho kl b`cbzhdbôc klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls kl 89,46 gv (gbobv`o`s). Lsth hoth rlhdvbkhk ls oh rlsp`csheol kl su hoth ldhdbh d`g` ehdtlrbdbkh thgebâc kl su dhphdbkhk phrh lobgbchr `tr`s gbdr``rmhcbsg`s. Klo <9% kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` ushk` lc oh rlhddbôc phsh h b`c do`rbt`, sblck` âstl lo suepr`kudt` qul lstè lc ghy`r p`rdlcthal, gblctrhs qul lc glc`r pr`p`rdbôc lstèc lo do`rht` y klo lo b`c do`rur`, d`g` suepr`kudt`s ho ushr kbôxbk` kl do`r` d`g` klsbcfldthctl hmuh. Lo cbvlo kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` rlsbkuho lc hmuh trhthkh d`c kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls kl 9.> gm/O. Oh Hmlcdbh phrh Tusthcdbhs [ôxbdhs y lo Ulmbstr` kl Lcflrglkhkls (H[TKU, lc bcmoâs) d`glcth qul oh d`cdlctrhdbôc kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` y kl do`rbt` bôcbd` lc lo hmuh p`theol pulkl slr ghy`r qul lst`s cbvlols. Ohvhk` kl hobglct`s1 Lo kbôxbk` kl oh do`r` ls uc pr`kudt` lxdlolctl phrh o`s vlmlthols ` `tr`s hobglct`s qul sl ohvhc. Ohls dhphdbkhk lsp`rhs, vbrus y n`cm`s lc ohs d`cdlctrhdb`cls ehahs lslcdbho.kl Lsghthr slmur`h uobzhro` y dugpol d`c ohs rlmuohdb`cls klo hobglct`. ;4= [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Homuc`s lalgpo`s k`ckl sl nh hpobdhk` lo kbôxbk` kl do`r`1 • Ghczhchs1 d`ctr`o kl oh ehdtlrbh L. d`ob y klo ehdbo` dhushk`r kl oh obstlrb`sbs. • Yhthths1 Yhthths1 pr`tlddbôc d`ctrh ‟ñogh pohmh‗ y oh ‟dhsph kl pohth‗. • Oldnumh, hpb` y dle`oohs1 d`gphrhk` d`c lo nbp`do`rbt`, lo d`ctlcbk` kl vbthgbch D rlsuotô gès hot` y lo d`ctlcbk` klo p`thsb` gès eha`. • Dçtrbd`s1 Dçtrbd`s1 oh pr`tlddbôc d`ctrh lo ‟g`n` vlrkl‗ y oh ‟putrlfhddbôc hghrmh‗ klg`strô slr hdlrthkh lc vhrb`s vho`rls kl pN, d`cdlctrhdb`cls ehahs y obgbthk` lgp` kl d`cthdt`. • Fherbdhdbôc kl nblo`1 nblo`1 59 ppg. • Ybsdbfhdt`rbhs1 lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` hdtñh d`g` vbrudbkh d`ctrh lo vbrus BTH (Hclgbh bcflddb`sh klo shogôc) 899 ppg, 599 ppg (d`cdlctrhdbôc vbrudbkh hoth)Bchdvhdbôc y vbrus BYC h(Cldr`sbs Yhcdrlèdh Bcflddb`sh) kl oh trudnh y klo shogôc. 8.999 ppg . • Lc pohcths pohcths plsqulrhs plsqulrhs lxp`rthk`rhs lxp`rthk`rhs h DLL, sl rld`gblckh rld`gblckh lcauhmhr lcauhmhr ohs suplrdbls lc d`cthdt` kbrldt` d`c hobglct` trhs oh klsbcflddbôc. • Lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` sl uobzh uobzh lc oh bckustrbh kl hobglct`s p`r p`r su ehah t`xbdbkhk rlsbkuho, plr` c` bgpobdh qul ho slr bcmlrbk` p`r ohs plrs`chs c` dhusl khø`. Dlrdh kl ;.< gboo`cls kl oberhs (5 gboo`cls kl jbo`s) kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` p`r kçh sl ushc lc oh pr`kuddbôc kl dlouo`sh y phplo. 8.;. T f e ôx Oh lxplrblcdbh ohe`rho nh klg`strhk` qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` ls uc d`gpulst` slmur` duhck` ls ushk` hklduhkhglctl Z85;W. 8.;.8. Lc oh lvhoudbôc rlhobzhkh lc 5994, lo Dlctr` Bctlrchdb`cho Bctlrchdb `cho Bcvlsmhdbôc klo Dècdlr (DBBD) nh d`cdoubk` qul lo do`rbt` c` ls dohsbdheol d`c rlspldt` h oh dhphdbkhk dhcdlrçmlch phrh o`s slrls nughc`s Z85<W. 8.;.5. Lc lstukb`s kl nhsth 85 slghchs d`c v`oucthrb`s c` sl `eslrvô cbcmñc lfldt` s`erl o`s phrègltr`s shcmuçcl`s d`c oh k`sbs gès lolvhkh 46 gm p`r dhkh jbo` kl pls` d`rp`rho/kçh. 8.;.4. O`s lfldt`s s`erl oh shouk klebk`s h oh lxp`sbdbôc kl duhoqublr susthcdbh plobmr`sh klplcklc kl1 k`sbs, kurhdbôc, ghclrhs kl lxp`sbdbôc, ohs dhrhdtlrçsdhs y o`s nèebt`s plrs`chols y sb lstèc prlslctls `trhs susthcdbhs quçgbdhs. ;4> [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` = 8.;.;. Ohs lgprlshs qul trhehahc d`c lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` lclc lstukbhk`s o`s rblsm`s phrh oh shouk kl sus `plrhk`rls1 8.;.;.8. Ublsm`s p`r bcnhohdbôc1 ghy`r lgp` kl d`cthdt` pulkl mlclrhr brrbthdbôc lc chrbz, e`dh y sbstlgh klo trhdt` rlspbrht`rb`. Tb lo lgp` kl lxp`sbdbôc ls ohrm` pulkl mlclrhr qulghkurhs qulghkurhs lc oh gud`sh. 8.;.;.5. Lc d`cthdt` kbrldt` d`c oh pblo pulkl dhushr sçct`ghs kl lcr`aldbgblct` lcr`aldbgblct ` qulghkurhs sb oh lxp`sbdbôc ls pr`o`cmhk pr`o`cmhkh. h. 8.;.;.4. Lc d`cthdt` d`c o`s `a`s ls dhush kl brrbthdbôc y lcr`aldbgblct` lcr`aldbgblct ` y hphrldlrèc qulghkurhs qulghkurhs sb oh lxp`sbdbôc ls pr`o`cmhkh. 8.;.;.;. Y`r bcmlsôc ls tôxbd`, pr`kudl cèuslhs, vôgbt` y k`o`r hek`gbcho y qulghkurhs lc e`dh mhrmhcth y lstôghm`. Nhy qul d`csbklrhr qul lst`s lfldt`s bcklslheols lstèc lstukbhk`s y kbrbmbk`s h o`s trhehahk`rls qul lgpolhc ` fherbdhc pr`kudt`s h ehsl kl kbôxbk` kl do`r`. Y`r o` thct`, ohs k`sbs h ohs qul pulklc lsthr lxpulst`s phrh qul lst`s lfldt`s `durrhc s`c gudn` gès hoths qul hquloohs qul sl rld`gblckhc y sl uobzhc lc `tr`s dhgp`s y p`r o` thct` c` sl pulklc lxtrhp`ohr. O`s lfldt`s kl uch s`erl lxp`sbdbôc drôcbdh pulklc pr`kudbr khø` lc o`s puog`cls y hmrhvhr o`s pr`eolghs kl hsgh y `trhs pht`o`mçhs rlspbrht`rbhs prllxbstlctls. C`th11 [heohs y k`duglct`s lc gb wle www.hckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g C`th * * * ;42 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g D > Y`stkhth klo d`rhzôc Ls eulc` slr lsdâpd` lc culstrh s`dblkhk thc ghcbpuoheol p`r oh bcf`rghdbôc lcmhø`sh, plr` c` ls o` gbsg` slr lsdâpd` qul slr kltrhdt`r. Ls fèdbo klshdrlkbthr uch bklh sbgpolglctl p`r slr bcdrâkuo`. Ylr` lo nldn` kl qul c` pulkh drllrsl uch d`sh c` sbmcbdh qul c` slh hsç, y p`r o` thct` o`s kltrhdt`rlss kl uch bklh lclc oh `eobmhdbôc kl pr`ehr o` d`ctrhrb`. kltrhdt`rl d`ctrhrb`. Yhrh pr`ehro` cldlsbthc lvbklcdbhs y lshs lvbklcdbhs klelc slr flnhdblct flnhdblctls, ls, y c` s`ohglctl uch d`pbh kl `trh `pbcbôc sbc fuckhglct` y sbc bcvlsmhdbôc pr`pbh. Lo nldn` kl klshdrlkbthr h ohs`dblkhk plrs`chkl c`drllcdbhs dhgebh lo nldn`. Tbc lgehrm` nhy qul rld`c`dlr qul s`g`s uch k`ckl oh d`cdblcdbh c` bgp`rth gudn`. Oh lvbklcdbh kl lstl nldn` p`klg`s lcd`ctrhroh lc gudnhs rlobmb`cls, qul klsmrhdbhkhglctl s`c ushkhs phrh lo d`ctr`o kl ohs ghshs sbc d`cdblcdbh. R` nl sbk` kbfhghk` y klcucdbhk` p`r lo nldn` kl qulrlr d`gphrr uc d`c`dbgblct`. \ch kl lsths kbfhghdb`cls ls qul gb tuohdbôc c` lstè vhobkhkh p`r lo sbstlgh d`cvlcdb`cho kl glkbdbch ho`pèdh. Ls lvbklctl qul cbcmñc tuo` kl glkbdbch hotlrchvh lstè hdlpthk` lc cbcmuch \cbvlrsbkhk kl glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho. Cb lo gla`r n`glôphth, `stlôphth, hdupuct`r, ` lspldbhobsth kl glkbdbch dnbch gbolchrbh s`c rld`c`dbk`s, yh qul lo rld`c`dbgblct` ls uc sbstlgh nlrgâd` kl oh gbsgh s`dblkhk qul o` drlh phrh pr`tlmlrsl kl d`gpltlcdbhs qul c` ol bctlrlshc. \c k`dt`rhk` klgulstrh lo nldn` kl tlclr d`c`dbgblct` y nhelr lstukbhk` kl ghclrh pr`fuckh uc tlgh y t`kh \cbvlrsbkhk pulkl khr k`dt`rhk`s p`r gñopols rhz`cls1 yh slh p`r lstukb`s, p`r rld`c`dlr uc trheha` kl `trhs plrs`chs ` bcdous` kl ghclrh n`c`rçdh. ;;8 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh R` sç qul nl lctrlmhk` gb nugbokl kbslrthdbôc, lc oh duho sl ehsh gb prbglr ober`1 ‟DKT1 Oh shouk ls p`sbeol‗, k`ckl sl pulklc vlr y lstukbhr o`s trheha`s y lcshy`s nldn`s d`c hcbghols qul klgulstrhc oh ldhdbh klo kbôxbk` kl do`r` y lo klshrr`oo` kl uch s`oudbôc kl kbôxbk` kl do`r` lstheol s`oueol lc hmuh y kl pN clutr`, qul pulkl slr bcyldthkh. Klebk` h lst`s trheha`s, uch plquløh ucbvlrsbkhk kl glkbdbch hotlrchvh qul oolvh fucdb`chck` nhdl gès kl 59 hø`s gl d`cdlkbô lo tuo` kl k`dt`rhk` d`c d`cc`thdbôc kl lxdlolcdbh ho lctrlmhrr gb tlsbs. Hucqul gb tuo` tâdcbdhglctl sç ls vèobk` kl ghclrh `dbho, lctrlmh plrgbâck`gl herbr uch d`csuoth, oh glkbdbch hotlrchvh y ohs ucbvlrsbkhkls qul o` lcsløhc c` lstèc rld`c`dbkhs slmñc dhkh phçs y lstl nldn` ful uobzhk` phrh klshdrlkbthrgl kl ghclrh hcôcbgh p`r bctlrclt. Lc gbs vbhals y lc o`s slgbchrb`s qul nl kbdthk`, nl oolmhk` h d`c`dlr h k`dt`rls kl oh glkbdbch d`cvlcdb`cho h qublcls sl ols nh qubthk` lo tuo` p`r pueobdhr nldn`s d`ctr`vlrk`s. C` lxbstl d`sh gès lstñpbkh lc târgbc`s hdhkâgbd`s, yh qul lo d`c`dbgblct` kl uch plrs`ch c` ls kl ‟qubth y p`c‗ y lo sbgpol nldn` kl rlrhr uc tuo`, c` lobgbch lo d`c`dbgblct` kl uch plrs`ch hkqubrbk` kurhctl hø`s. Klsmrhdbhkhglctl sl uobzh lstl gât`k` kl ghclrh sbstlgèdh phrh klshdrlkbthr h t`k`s hquloo`s qul c` s`c d`cf`rgbsths l bcd`g`khc ho sbstlgh, obgbthck` oh bcvlsmhdbôc. Nhy gâkbd`s, qul p`r `trh phrtl, lc homuc`s phçsls lclc bcdous` pr`nbebk` uobzhr uc gbdr`sd`pb` lc su d`csuoth. Nhebtuhoglctl, sl uobzh oh fôrguoh kl qul o`s kht`s `etlcbk`s lc ohs bcvlsmhdb`cls s`c fhos`s y p`r o` thct` lo dblcd` lstè supulsthglctl d`gllck` uc frhukl. \c lalgpo` doèsbd` ls lo klo Kr. Hckrlw ]hjllok, qul puk` klg`strhr uch rlohdbôc kbrldth lctrl ohs vhduchs qul dhushc slvlr`s pr`eolghs mhstr`bctlschols lc o`s cbø`s y qul pulklc d`ckudbr ho husg`. O`s glkb`s kl d`gucbdhdbôc ghsbv`s vlcklc p`oâgbdh y p`r o` thct`, shothc fèdboglctll hctl duhoqublr fèdboglct d uhoqublr tlgh qul mlclrl lclrmçh clmhvh, clmhvh, slh dblrt` ` c`. Nhy qul tlclr lc dulcth qul oh bckustrbh fhrghdâudh ls oh qul chcdbh h o`s glkb`s kl d`gucbdhdbôc h trhvâs kl oh pueobdbkhk y `elcl kl lsth ghclrh lo d`ctr`o bckbrldt` kl oh `pbcbôc pñeobdh `dbhobsth. Lo nldn` kl qul lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` slh uc rlglkb` ldhz kl ehah t`xbdbkhk lstè pr`ehk`, yh qul sb dhushrh khø` ghy`r, oh mlctl hfldthkh o` pueobdhrçh rèpbkhglctl p`r Bctlrclt, lc [wblr, Fhdle``j ` R`u[uel. Tb nhdlg`s uch eñsqulkh p`r R`utuel lcd`ctrhg`s cuglr`sçsbg`s tlsg`cb`s kl t`k` lo guck` qul hrghc qul ols nh fucdb`chk` lc lcflrglkhkls d`csbklrhkhs bcdurheols y lstl nldn` ls lo qul dulcth. O`s kltrhdt`rls qul hdtñhc p`r tlg`r y klsd`c`dbgblct` sl obgbthc h d`pbhr y h plmhr tlxt`s `dbhobsths qul hdushc h oh susthcdbh kl uch supulsth t`xbdbkhk, sbc nhelroh lstukbhk` kl ghclrh pr`fuckh, c` kèck`sl dulcth kl qul c` ls o` ;;5 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Dhpçtuo` = gbsg` bcnhohr qul bcmlrbr. Tç pulk` bcmlrbr hmuh, plr` c` pulk` bcnhohroh, yh qul gl hsxbhrçh, ho c y ho dhe`, ¡c` s`y uc plz! Xublr` kldbr mrhdbhs kl t`k` d`rhzôc h t`k`s hquloo`s qul gl nhc hp`yhk` kurhctl o`s ñog`s 89 hø`s lc gb oudnh, lsthck` h gb ohk`, kèck`gl ècbg`s, bcdous` lc o`s g`glct`s kbdbols. Ylr` thgebâc qublr` kldbr mrhdbhs h o`s drçd`s hcôcbg`s hrrbeh glcdb`chk`s, yh qul nhc d`ctrbeubk` d`c gb drldbgblct` bctlrb`r, ho bctlrprlthr sus drçdhs d`g` vlrkhklr`s klsh`s. Uulm` h t`k`s hquloo`s qul nhc t`ghk` lo kbôxbk` kl do`r` u `trhs suesthcdbhs tlrhpâudhs tlrhpâudhs rlsløhkhs lc lstl ober`, d`c ` sbc âxbt`, pueobqulc sus lxplrblcdbhs vçh R`u[uel, Fhdle``j ` lcvblc h bcf`Iv`lkbh.d`g, phrh drlhr uch vlrkhklrh dhklch kl fhv`rls, dhgebhck` lstl guck`, drlhck` flobdbkhk vlrkhklrh, flobdbkhk qul vbvl lc lo bctlrb`r, ho d`gphrr oh bcdrlçeol mrhc lxplrblcdbh kl qul ‟Bcdurheol lrh… hylr‗. * * * ;;4 [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh ;;; [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g E Z8W G O Hehrdh, G U Erhmuoht, Erhmuoht, M Dhstlooè, Dhstlooè, F A Dhehøls, @dnrht`xbc @dnrht`xbc H pr`kud`c pr`kud`c ey strhbcs `f Hsplrmboous cbmlr vhr. cbmlr. Hppo Lcvbr`c Gbdr`eb`o. 822; Auo: 69(=)1 56<9—56<5. Z5W T`olr, ]., Gbrhckh, O. F., & Quouhmh, K. D. (599<). Huslcdbh kl mlc`t`xbdbkh mlc`t`xbdbkhk k kl hmuh kl ghr kl D`vløhs1 lstukb` bc vbtr` lc lrbtr`dbt`s y olud`dbt`s nughc`s. Ulvbsth Ulvbs th Fhduothk Chdb`cho kl Thouk Yñeobdh, 54(5). Z4W T`olr, ]., Vloèsqulz, C. K., & T`olrh, A. Y. (599>). Ehah mlc`t`xbdbkhk kl lxtrhdt` `rmècbd` kl hmuh kl ghr kl D`vløhs (Tudrl, D`o`gebh). Vbthl (Glklooçc), 8<(8), 26-895. Z;W T`olr-[lrrhc`vh, ]., Yârlz-Mbrhok`, A., Ylchm`s-M Ylchm`s-Mhrdâs, hrdâs, O., @s`rb`- Thck`vho, M., & Vloèsqulz-Ldnhvhrrbh, Vloèsqulz-Ldnhvhrrbh, C. (599>). Huslcdbh kl t`xbdbk t`xbdbkhk hk p`r bcmlsth kl hmuh kl ghr chturho lc phdblctls d`c mhstrbs. Ulv. Hs`d. D`o. Dblcd. Eb`o, 59, 59>-555. Z<W Jlc Rhsujhwh, Tusugu Jbthchjh, Tnuabr` Tl`. ‟Bcnbebt` ‟Bcnbebt`ry ry Lldt `f Ttlvb`sbkl `c [ug`r Yr`g``c ey 85-@-[ltrhkldhc`yopn`re`o-84-hdlthtl bc [w`-Tthml Dhrdbc`mlclsbss bc G`usl Tjbc. Dhrdbc`mlclsb Tjbc.‗‗ Eb`o Ynhrg Euoo, 5995 V`o. 5<, 8;>>-8;29. Z6W Dnhc Y, Y, [`gobcs`c [`gobcs`c E, Dnlc RA, Obu AD, Nsbln GN, Dnlcm A[. A[. ‟H ‟H k`ueol- eobck pohdle`-d`ctr`oolk stuky `f tnl lldvlclss hck t`olrhebobty `f `rho stlvb`sbkl bc nughc nyplrtlcsb`c.‗ nyplrtlcsb`c.‗ Er A Dobc Ynhrghd`o. 5999 Tlp: <9(4)158<- 59. Z=W Dnhc Y8, ^u KR KR,, Obu AD, Dnlc RA, [`gobcs`c E, Nuhcm ]Y, ]Y, Dnlcm A[ A[.. ‟[nl lldt `f stlvb`sbkl `c eo``k prlssurl hck pohsgh dhtldn`ohgbcls bc sp`cthcl`usoy nyplrtlcsbvl rhts.‗ Obfl Tdb. 822> 64(82)186=2->;. Z>W Oll DC, ]`cm JO, Obu AD, Dnlc RA, RA, Dnlcm A[, A[, Dnhc Y. Y. ‟Bcnbebt` ‟Bcnbebt`ry ry lldt `f stlvb`sbkl `c dhodbug bcux t` pr`kudl hcnyplrtlcsb`c.‗ hcnyplrtlcsb`c.‗ Yohcth Glk. 5998 Kld:6=(2)1=26Z2W 2. Nsbln GN8, Dnhc Y, Y, Tul RG, Obu AD, Obhcm [N, Nuhcm [R, [R, [`gobcs`c E, Dn`w GT, Jh` YF, Dnlc RA. ‟Ldhdy hck t`olrhebobty `f `rho stlvb`sbkl bc phlcts wbtn gbok lsslcho nyplrtlcsb`c1 h tw`-ylhr, rhck`gbzlk, pohdle`- d`ctr`oolk stuky.‗ Dobc [nlr. 5994 C`v:5<(88)15=2=->9>. ;;< [`k`s o`s klrldn`s rlslrvhk`s. Cbcmuch phrtl kl lsth pueobdhdbôc pulkl slr rlpr`kudbkh, hoghdlchkh lc uc sbstlgh kl rlduplrhdbôc kl kht`s ` trhcsgbtbkh kl cbcmuch f`rgh ` p`r cbcmñc glkb` sbc lo plrgbs` prlvb` klo pr`pblthrb` klo d`pyrbmnt. Lghbo1 bcf`Ihckrlhsjhodjlr.d`g Thouk Yr`nbebkh Z89W Rhkhv CY CY,, Kbxb Kbxbtt VJ, ‟Nlph ‟Nlpht`pr t`pr`tld `tldtbvl tbvl hdtbv hdtbvbty bty `f olhv olhvls ls `f Jhoh Jhohcdn`l cdn`l p b c c h t h Ylrs.‗‗ A Ltnc`pnhrghd`o 5994 >6182=-595 Ylrs. Z88W Chssbs DQ, Nhlebsdn LG, Mblserldnt HG, ‟Hcnbsthg ‟Hcnbsthgbcl bcl hdvbty `f Ery`pnyooug Ery`pnyooug dhoydbcug.‗ Erhz A Glk Eb`o Uls 8225 5<1252-246 Z85W @ehslbjb-Le`r LL, ‟Yrlobgbchry ‟Yrlobgbchry rlp`rt `c tnl bc bc vbtr` hcehdtlrbho hcehdtlrbho hdvbty `f Ery`pnyooug Ery`pnyoou g pbcchtug olhf aubdl.‗ aubdl.‗ Hfr A Glk Glk Tdb 82>< 8;1822-595 Z84W Hjbcplou KH, ‟Hcgbdr`ebho hdvbty `f Ery`pnyooug pbcchtug olhvls.‗ Fbt`tlrhpbh 5999 =81824-82; Z8;W @alw`ol AH, ‟Hcc`dbdlpvl, hc-bchgght`ry hck hckbheld lldts `f Ery`pnyooug pbcchtug (Drhssuohdlhl) olhf hqul`us lxtrhdt. A Ltnc`pnhrghd`o‗ 599< 22184-82 Z8<W Yho T, Chm Dnhuknurb Dnhuknurb HJ, ‟Ttukbls `c tnl hc-uodlrhdvbty hc-uodlrhdvbty `f h Ery`pnyoou Ery`pnyooug g pbcchtug olhf lxtrhdt bc lxplrbglctho hcbghos.‗ A Ltnc`pnhrghd`o 8228 4412=895 Z86W \geuzlbr`-V \geuzlbr`-Vholct holct M, U`uebdlj KH, Nhlebsdn Nhlebsdn LG, ‟Guthmlcbd hck hcguthmlcbd hcguthmlcbd lvhouh`c `f tnl aubdl `f tnl olhvls `f Ery`pnyooug dhoydbcug (Jhohcdn`l pbcchth), h pohct wbtn hcnbsthgbcl hdvbty.‗ Lcvbr`c G`o Guthmlc 8222 44145<45= Z8=W Rhghmbsnb [, Nhruch G, Rhc ^Q, Dnhcm AA, Oll JN, ‟Hctug`r hmlcts, 889. Ery`pnyoobc E, h c`vlo p`tlct dyt`t`xbd eufhkblc`obkl fr`g Ery`pnyooug pbcchtug.‗‗ A Cht Yr`k 82>2 <5189=8-89=2 pbcchtug. Z8>W Rhghmbsnb [, [, Rhc Rhc ^Q, ]u UR, UR, GdYnhbo KU, GdYnhbo H[, H[, Oll JN, ‟Ttrudturl ‟Ttru dturl hck stlrl`dnlgbstry `f ery`pnyoobc-H, h c`vlo p`tlct dyt`t`xbd eufhkblc`obkl `rtn`hdlthtl fr`g Ery`pnyooug pbcchtug.‗ Dnlg Ynhrg Euoo ([`jy`) 82>> 461868<-868= Z82W