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TABLA ESL Metodos pedagogicos

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MULTISENSORY
LEARNING
Senses
TEACHER/
STUDENT
Student
CREATOR
Ideas of
Montessori,
Piaget and
Gardner
BASED ON
Interactive method
Focus on: all senses
It involves two or more of the
senses within the same
activity. Focus on senses.
Based on Constructivism: we
construct our knowledge from
experiences.
Relation with senses, it takes
information from visual,
auditory, kinaesthetic and
tactile senses.
Based from the experience
APPEARED
IN
Late 70’s
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Students: good for everyone, also
for people with hyperactivity or
attention problems cos you can find
different ways to catch their
attention, with disabilities, with
language problems (like dyslexia),
experiencing things makes easy to
learn
Teacher: it has limits, only good for
some contexts, you can’t teach
everything for example something
abstract. Needed special
qualification to be a teacher in this
method
Pros
 People who has incapability.
 ADHD-Hyperactivity
 People gets motivated
 Improve the senses
Cons
It is not possible to explain
everything with this method
AUDIO
LINGUAL
METHOD
Army Method
TEACHER/
STUDENT
Teacher
CREATOR
Skinner’s
behaviourism/
conductivism
BASED ON
It’s a new key
Interactive method
Like direct method
Focus on:
 Listening
 Speaking (pronunciation)
 Visual aids
Don´t focus on teaching
vocabulary.
Vocabulary is taught in context
Reinforcement positive and
negative: correct behaviour
receives positive feedback,
while errors receive negative
feedback.
Audio-visual aids are used+
APPEARED
IN
2º W.W
But it started
as
a method
late 50’s
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Pros:
 Students: develop the oral skills
and the oral abilities, learn and
understand our own rhythm,
with lower level, close the way
to learn the natural language,
students hear, speak, read and
then write (LSRPW).
 Teacher: audio-visual aids is
effective in vocabulary teaching.
Cons:
 Students: It requires memorise
instead of learning words
through of the practice, the
pupil is in a passive role, he has
little control about his learning.
 Teacher. It is a teacher
dominated method, it could be
mechanical with the repetitions.
GRAMMAR
TRANSLATION
METHOD
GTM
CLASSICAL
TRADITIONAL
METHOD
TEACHER/
STUDENT
Student
CREATOR
From the
practice of
teaching
Latin
APPEARED
IN
Structure teaching is in the 1500´s (16’s
mother tongue
century) It is
Analytical/ Very academic
based in two
Use reading + Writing
dead
Translation/ learning by habits
languages:
Focus on grammar
Latin and
Not needed a high level of the
Greek
foreign level
BASED ON
Structural/analytical method.
Focus on: grammar rules and
vocabulary
Instructions are given in mother
tongue
Memorize grammar rules by rote
and translate to L1
Uses reading writing: students
practice the rules by doing
translate sentences
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Pros:
 Students: students develop
general mental discipline cos
it´s a mechanical method.
speaking and listening are
overlooked.
 Teacher: Easy for teaching, the
teacher is not required to have
a high level of foreign language
Cons:
 Students: speaking and
listening are overlooked
COMMUNICATIVE
APPROACH
Communicative
language teaching
(CLT)
TEACHER/
CREATOR
STUDENT
Students
Linguists who were
dissatisfied with the
audiolingual and
grammar translation
methods. They felt
that students were
not learning enough
realistic language
APPEARED
IN
Structure teaching is in target 80´s & 90’s
language
Dynamic- interactive.
Use listening + Speaking
Communicating
in
real
life
contexts.
Focus on being fluent
Required to have a high level of
foreign language
BASED ON
Interactive method
Focus on: Speaking (being fluent)
Teaching
100%
in
target
language, everything
gives is in foreign language
Communicating in real-life context
Teacher is required to have a
higher level of teaching
Uses listening +speaking (most
important ability) language is
taught by using real-life situations
that necessitate communication,
and they change from day to day
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Pros:
 Students: it’s easy for
shy students shy to
speak because they
are speaking about
their roles and not
about themselves. It’s
better for new
languages
TASK BASED
LEARNING
(TBL)
TEACHER/
STUDENT
Student
CREATOR
Was
popularized
by N. Prabhu
BASED ON
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Activities with a specific objective
Pros
Real life situations / contexts
 Students: are motivated to use
Student s-centred
language creatively and
No translation. 100% target language
spontaneously through tasks and
Work in groups. Cooperation + Collaboration
problem solving. Develop fluency
Focus on: describe the meaning instead to
and student confidence
translate
Real-life situations/contexts 100% given in target
language • cooperation + collaboration • good for Cons
harm work
 Students: Some students need more
Task: most important element
guidance. They typically translate
Process not outcome: learning by doing task
and use their L1 rather than the
using the target language with own student’s
target language in completing the
experience. The task reflects real life and learners
tasks.
focus on meaning, they are free to use any
language they want
 Teacher: requires a high level of
Pretask: The instructors may present a model of
creativity and initiative
the task and learners are responsible for selecting
the appropriate language for any given context
themselves
Task: the students perform the task and teacher
is limited to observe or consult
Review: learners can review each other's work
and offer constructive feedback
DIRECT
METHOD
(Natural
method)
TEACHER/
STUDENT
Student
CREATOR
Pendergast
and Saveur
BASED ON
APPEARED IN
Interactive method
Focus on: Speaking pronunciation)
 Never translate: demonstrate, not
explain or translate
 Basic vocabulary: given through
known words, demonstration,
objects (realia)
 No grammar rules
 Oral transmission: new things are
introduced orally
 Learning by self-correction
 Language is learned only through
demonstration, instead of
explaining grammar rules,
students use language naturally
and spontaneously so that they
induce grammar.
It was established
in Germany and
France around
1900 instead of
the grammar–
translation
method
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Pros
 Students: it makes more
attractive for those who have
needs of real communication in
the target language. It is a natural
method which teaches language
in the same way the mother
tongue is acquired.
Cons:
 Students: Did not take well in
public schools because of
classroom size: it means that in
large classroom is more difficult
to pay attention to all students,
 Teacher background: if we don´t
have a native speaker or native
like fluency makes difficult to use
this method because it’s
everything by conversation and
not native teacher probably could
have some problems with
pronunciation
TEACHER/
CREATOR
BASED ON
STUDENT
TOTAL
Teacher
James J.
Interactive method
PHYICAL
Asher
Focus on: listening which is
RESPONSE
linked to physical
(TPR)
actions/movements which are
designed to reinforce
comprehension of basic
items. Kinaesthetic intelligence,
and speaking.
 Never grammar and writing
 It’s related with right
hemisphere activity,
responsible of motormovement learning.
 Look and repeat: Teachers
give commands to students,
saying something and
demonstrating it with a body
action, and students have to
response with a whole-body
action.
APPEARED
ADVANTAGES
IN
DISADVANTAGES
1960’s in
Pros
USA
 Students: Increase memory capacity. Helps
to acquire vocabulary, tenses aspects,
classroom language, imperatives/instructions
and storytelling. Beneficial for people with
dyslexia or attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder. It involves both left-and-rightbrained learning.
Cons:
 Students: It´s almost only practical with
beginner levels (grammar is not taught).
Does not encourage the development of
creative capacity. Does not improves
reading, oral and writing skills. At first, it
could be embarrassing for those who are
not accustomed to this type of methods.
 Teacher: Needs little preparation time and
materials, and it does not actually matter
the space and the number of students. It
can be repetitive.
TEACHER/
STUDENT
SUGESTIOPEDIA
Teacher is
the source
of all
information,
students
active in
assimilating
CREATOR
BASED ON
Lozanov
(Bulgaria)
Lonny Gold
(expert trainer)Sugestiopedia
in
practise
Focus on: fluency, learning through mistakes,
it’s no necessary to correct everything,
everything needs to be positive, teacher needs,
everything is a selection of the best thing to
create the best atmosphere and environment
Innovative method promising great
effectiveness
Keys element: - Music, the use of music to
relax learners. (chill out). Relaxation and
Positive suggestion is a key element –
Classroom environment furniture and
decorations have to be comfortable, to create
the perfect environment.
The approach was based on the power of
suggestion in learning, the notion being that
positive suggestion would make the learner
more receptive and, in turn, stimulate learning.
To have relaxed but focused state is the
optimum state for learning
Structure lessons: Prelude (teacher gives
students explanations) first concert reading
(Focus on reading exaggerated with music),
decoding (images jokes that involves a
surprise and natural fact which involves both
hemispheres brain to make you recording),
activation (to reinforce the knowledge and
make u remember) (repetitions to improve
pronunciation and become more creative with
language, Bll games, card names, board
names), relation concert. (play classical barroc
music from 17 century) ***
New personalities: teacher gives students new
personalities to motivate, when learners are
not comfortable to speak so it’s easy for them
to have a new personality
APPEARED IN
70’s it becomes
famous
Origen of the
name it’s a
combination of
two words:
suggestion +
pedagogy
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Pros:
 It makes a comfortable
and relaxing
environment, and a
relationship between
the teacher and the
student that is akin to
the parent-child
relationship.
 We can also benefit
from the use of music
to get students sit back
and relax.
Cons:
 Teachers: It is not a
practical method as
teachers face the
problem of the
availability of music
and comfortable
chairs.
 It’s not possible all
time, because of big
groups.
CREATOR
GRAMMAR
Caleb Gattegno
TRANSLATION
METHOD
BASED ON
Focus on the idea that teachers should be
as silent as possible during a class but
learners should be encouraged to speak
as much as possible.
 The learner needs to discover or
create
 Learning is made easier using
physical objects such as Cuisenaire
rods
 Learning is made easier by problem
solving using the target language
Focus on: pronunciation, imitation.
Not translation, repetitions.
Language is taught through sentences in
a sequence based on grammatical
complexity.
Use of: Cuisenaire roods: there is a
soundcolor chart which is used to teach
the language sounds, coloured word
charts which are used for work on
sentences, and coloured charts which are
used to teach spelling.
APPEARED
IN
Early’s 1970
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Pros:
 Students: The method emphasizes
learner autonomy and active student
participation.
 Teachers: should concentrate on how
students learn, not on how to teach
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