Subido por Julieta Isabella Maldonado Rimachi

Lectura - El estudio del cambio en psicoterapia

Anuncio
Anuario de Investigaciones
ISSN: 0329-5885
anuario@psi.uba.ar
Universidad de Buenos Aires
Argentina
Gómez Penedo, Juan M.; Juan, Santiago; Manubens, Rocio T.; Roussos, Andrés J.
EL ESTUDIO DEL CAMBIO EN PSICOTERAPIA: DESAFÍOS CONCEPTUALES Y
PROBLEMAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN EMPÍRICA
Anuario de Investigaciones, vol. XXIV, 2017, pp. 15-24
Universidad de Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=369155966001
Cómo citar el artículo
Número completo
Más información del artículo
Página de la revista en redalyc.org
Sistema de Información Científica
Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal
Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto
FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XXIV
EL ESTUDIO DEL CAMBIO EN PSICOTERAPIA:
DESAFÍOS CONCEPTUALES Y PROBLEMAS
DE INVESTIGACIÓN EMPÍRICA
THE STUDY OF CHANGE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY: CONCEPTUAL CHALLENGES
AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ISSUES
Gómez Penedo, Juan M.1; Juan, Santiago2; Manubens, Rocio T.3; Roussos, Andrés J.4
RESUMEN
Introducción:$SHVDUGHVXREYLRSURWDJRQLVPRH[LVWH
XQHVFDVRFRQVHQVRHQODIRUPDGHFRPSUHQGHU\HVWXGLDU
HO FDPELR HQ SVLFRWHUDSLD Objetivos y estructura: el
SUHVHQWH WUDEDMR RIUHFH XQD VtQWHVLV GH ODV SULQFLSDOHV
IRUPDVGHFRQFHSWXDOL]DU\DQDOL]DUHOFDPELRHQWUDWDPLHQWRVSVLFRWHUDSpXWLFRV6HGHVFULEHQWUHVFRQMXQWRVGH
SUREOHPDVDVRFLDGRVFRQODWHPiWLFDDVDEHU ORVGHEDWHVUHVSHFWRDTXpHOHPHQWRVGHEHPRGL¿FDUXQDSVLFRWHUDSLD ORV GLVWLQWRV HVIXHU]RV \ HVWUDWHJLDV SDUD
PHGLUHOFRQVWUXFWR³FDPELR´\ ORVGLIHUHQWHVFULWHULRV
PHWRGROyJLFRVSDUDHVWDEOHFHUVLHOFDPELRHIHFWLYDPHQWH
RFXUUH HQ XQD SVLFRWHUDSLD 6H DQDOL]D FDGD HMH WDQWR
GHVGHXQSXQWRGHYLVWDWHyULFRFRPRDODOX]GHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQHPStULFDDiscusión: Se presenWDQFRQFOXVLRQHVGHOWUDEDMR\VHGLVFXWHQODVLPSOLFDQFLDV
GHODUHYLVLyQHIHFWXDGDSDUDODSUiFWLFDFOtQLFD\ODLQYHVWLJDFLyQHQSVLFRWHUDSLD
ABSTRACT
Introduction:$OWKRXJKLWVLPSRUWDQFHLQSV\FKRWKHUDS\
WKHUHLVDVFDUFHFRQVHQVXVDERXWKRZFKDQJHPXVWEH
XQGHUVWDQG DQG VWXG\ Aims and structure: WKLV SDSHU
SUHVHQWDV\QWKHVLVRIWKHPDLQZD\VRIFRQFHSWXDOL]LQJ
DQG DQDO\]LQJ FKDQJH LQ SV\FKRWKHUDSHXWLF WUHDWPHQWV
:HGHVFULEHWKUHHW\SHVRIFKDOOHQJHVLQWKLVWRSLF 7KH
GHEDWHVDERXWZKDWLWVQHHGWRFKDQJHE\WKHWKHUDS\ WKHVWUDWHJLHVXVHGWRPHDVXUHWKH³FKDQJH´FRQVWUXFW WKH PHWKRGRORJLFDO FULWHULD WR HVWDEOLVK LI WKH FKDQJH
RFFXUV:HDQDO\]HHDFKRIWKHVHD[HVIURPDWKHRUHWLFDO
SRLQWRIYLHZDQGDOVREDVHGRQWKHUHVXOWVRIHPSLULFDO
UHVHDUFK Discussion :H SUHVHQW FRQFOXVLRQV RI WKH
SDSHUDQGGLVFXVVWKHLULPSOLFDWLRQVIRUFOLQLFDOSUDFWLFH
DQGSV\FKRWKHUDS\UHVHDUFK
.H\ZRUGV:
3V\FKRWKHUDS\&KDQJH&KDQJHPHFKDQLVPV(PSLULFDOUHVHDUFK7KHRUHWLFDODQDO\VLV
Palabras clave:
3VLFRWHUDSLD&DPELR0HFDQLVPRVGHFDPELR,QYHVWLJDFLyQHPStULFD$QiOLVLVWHyULFR
1
CONICET. Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Dr. en Psicología, Becario Postdoctoral. E-mail: jmgomezpenedo@gmail.com
Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Psicología. Dr. en Psicología.
3
Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Psicología. Estudiante de grado.
4
CONICET. Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Psicología. Dr. en Psicología.
2
DE LA PÁGINA 15 A LA 24
15
EL ESTUDIO DEL CAMBIO EN PSICOTERAPIA: DESAFÍOS CONCEPTUALES Y PROBLEMAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN EMPÍRICA
THE STUDY OF CHANGE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY: CONCEPTUAL CHALLENGES AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ISSUES
Gómez Penedo, Juan M.; Juan, Santiago; Manubens, Rocio T.; Roussos, Andrés J.
Introducción: objetivos y estructura del presente
trabajo
'HQWURGHOFDPSRGHODSVLFRORJtDFOtQLFDVHKDQGHVFULWR
PiVGHPRGHORVSVLFRWHUDSpXWLFRV YHUSRUHMHPSOR
)HL[DV\0LUy (QHOORVVHSURSRQHQGLYHUVDVWHRUtDVDFHUFDGHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRPHQWDO\VXVIRUPDVSDWROyJLFDVDVtFRPRGLVWLQWRVUHFXUVRVWpFQLFRVSDUDDERUGDUHVWDVSUREOHPiWLFDV1RREVWDQWHFRPRD¿UPD2JOHV
WRGRVHVWRVPRGHORVGHSVLFRWHUDSLDDPSOLDPHQWH KHWHURJpQHRV WLHQHQ HQ FRP~Q XQ PLVPR REMHWLYR
SURGXFLUDOJXQDPRGDOLGDGGHFDPELRHQHOSDFLHQWHTXH
FRQVXOWD
'HVGH\DTXHHOWLSRGHFDPELREXVFDGRQRHVHOPLVPR
HQORVGLVWLQWRVDERUGDMHVFDGDPRGDOLGDGWLHQHVXVIRFRVGHFDPELR\VXPDQHUDGHFRQFHSWXDOL]DUORV3HUR
WRGDVODVSVLFRWHUDSLDVFRPSDUWHQODLQWHQFLyQGHORJUDU
PHGLDQWHVXVSURFHGLPLHQWRVDOJXQDPRGL¿FDFLyQHQOD
FRQGLFLyQLQLFLDOGHOSDFLHQWH3RUHVWHPRWLYRHOFDPELR
VHKDFRQYHUWLGRHQODSULQFLSDOPHGLGDGHUHVXOWDGRVDO
PRPHQWR GH HYDOXDU ORV HIHFWRV GH OD SVLFRWHUDSLD
2JOHV $SHVDUGHOREYLRSURWDJRQLVPRGHOFDPELRSDUDODSVLFRWHUDSLD\GHOFUHFLPLHQWRH[SRQHQFLDOGHVXLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
HQODV~OWLPDVGpFDGDVH[LVWHXQHVFDVRFRQVHQVRHQOD
IRUPDGHFRPSUHQGHUHOFDPELR\VXQH[RFRQORVREMHWLYRV
~OWLPRVGHXQWUDWDPLHQWR$GHPiVHQODDFWXDOLGDGFRH[LVWHQ GLVWLQWRV GHEDWHV PHWRGROyJLFRV DO PRPHQWR GH
HVWDEOHFHUODVPHMRUHVIRUPDVGHHVWXGLDUOR
'HQWURGHHVWHPDUFRHOSUHVHQWHWUDEDMRWLHQHHOREMHWLYR
GHVLQWHWL]DU\GLVFXWLUODVGLIHUHQWHVIRUPDVGHFRQFHSWXDOL]DU\HVWXGLDUHOFDPELRHQSVLFRWHUDSLDEULQGDQGRWDPELpQXQSDQRUDPDJHQHUDOGHODVSULQFLSDOHVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHV HPStULFDV VREUH HVWH WySLFR 6H GHVFULEHQ WUHV
FRQMXQWRVGHSUREOHPDVDVRFLDGRVDOWHPDDVDEHU ORV
GHEDWHV UHVSHFWR D TXp HOHPHQWRV GHEH PRGL¿FDU XQD
SVLFRWHUDSLD ORVGLVWLQWRVHVIXHU]RV\HVWUDWHJLDVSDUD
PHGLU RSHUDFLRQDOL]DU HO FRQVWUXFWR ³FDPELR´ \ ORV
GLIHUHQWHV FULWHULRV PHWRGROyJLFRV TXH SXHGHQ XVDUVH
SDUDHVWDEOHFHUVLHOFDPELRHIHFWLYDPHQWHRFXUUHHQXQD
SVLFRWHUDSLD6HDQDOL]DFDGDHMHWDQWRGHVGHXQSXQWRGH
YLVWDWHyULFRFRPRDODOX]GHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQHPStULFD)LQDOPHQWHLQWHJUDQGRORVHMHVDQDOL]DGRVVHGLVFXWHQODVLPSOLFDQFLDVGHODUHYLVLyQHIHFWXDGD
SDUDODSUiFWLFDFOtQLFD\ODLQYHVWLJDFLyQHQSVLFRWHUDSLD
(VWHWUDEDMRVHLQVHUWDHQXQSUR\HFWRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
PiVDPSOLRRULHQWDGRDDQDOL]DUORVSURFHVRV\PHFDQLVPRVGHFDPELR\VXYtQFXORFRQHOfeedbackWHUDSpXWLFR1
Mutatis mutandis: ¿Qué se busca cambiar a partir de
una terapia?
Mutatis mutandisHVXQDH[SUHVLyQODWLQDGHDPSOLRXVR
MXUtGLFRFX\RVLJQL¿FDGRHV³FDPELDUVyORORTXHVHGHEH
FDPELDU´PDQWHQLHQGRDVXYH]DTXHOORTXHGHEHFRQVHUYDUVHLGpQWLFR &LVQHURV)DULDV /DSVLFRWHUD6XEVLGLR 8%$&\7 %$ ³/D SHUFHSFLyQ GHO SDFLHQWH VREUH HO FDPELR HQ SVLFRWHUDSLD SDUWH ,, (YDOXDFLyQ GH
XQ GLVSRVLWLYR GH feedback SDUD WHUDSHXWDV \ VX HIHFWR VREUH OD
DOLDQ]DWHUDSpXWLFD\ORVUHVXOWDGRVGHOWUDWDPLHQWR´SURJUDPDFLyQ
1
16
SLD FRPR GLVSRVLWLYR QR EXVFD ORJUDU XQ FRQMXQWR GH
FDPELRVLQHVSHFt¿FRVVLQRTXHDSXQWDDORJUDUPRGL¿FDFLRQHVHQiUHDVGHWHUPLQDGDV\SUHHVWDEOHFLGDVTXH
PHMRUHQ ODV FRQGLFLRQHV GH YLGD GH ORV SDFLHQWHV 'H
HVWDIRUPDXQDGHODVSULPHUDVGH¿QLFLRQHVTXHGHELHURQHVWDEOHFHUORVPRGHORVSVLFRWHUDSpXWLFRVIXHHOMutatis mutandis GH VX SUiFWLFD (Q RWUDV SDODEUDV TXp
FRVDV GHEtDQ FDPELDU ORV SDFLHQWHV SDUD PHMRUDU VX
FRQGLFLyQFOtQLFD
Cambios priorizados por diferentes marcos teóricos.
$ OR ODUJR GH OD KLVWRULD ORV PRGHORV WHUDSpXWLFRV KDQ
SODQWHDGRGLIHUHQWHVREMHWLYRVGHFDPELRKDFLDORVFXDOHV
VHGLUHFFLRQDEDQORVDERUGDMHV$VXYH]ODVWHRUtDVWHUDSpXWLFDVKDQHVWDEOHFLGRFRQGLFLRQHVTXHGHEHQORJUDUVH
HQHOSDFLHQWHDOPRGRGHSDVRVLQWHUPHGLRVSDUDDOFDQ]DUHVWRVREMHWLYRV GHQRPLQDGRVPHFDQLVPRVGHFDPELR
'RVV &RPRD¿UPDQ.UDXVH\$OWLPLU HVWRV
PHFDQLVPRV GH FDPELR SXHGHQ VHU LQWUDSVtTXLFRV HV
GHFLUDFRQWHFHUHQHOSDFLHQWHRWDPELpQSXHGHQVXFHGHU
GHQWURGHODGtDGDSDFLHQWHWHUDSHXWD(VWRVFDPELRVLQYROXFUDQDVXYH]ODWUD\HFWRULDGHOPHFDQLVPRGHQWURGHO
SURFHVR WHUDSpXWLFR$ FRQWLQXDFLyQ VH HIHFWXDUi XQD
VtQWHVLVGHORTXHODVSULQFLSDOHV³IDPLOLDV´GHHVFXHODVHQ
SVLFRWHUDSLDSULRUL]DQFRPRREMHWLYRV\PHFDQLVPRV GH
FDPELR
'DGR TXH UHFRUUHU OD HQRUPH H[WHQVLyQ GH GHVDUUROORV
WHyULFRVHVFDSDDORVOtPLWHVGHQXHVWURWUDEDMRVyORDSXQWDPRVDXQDPX\EUHYHVtQWHVLVTXHVLUYDGHYLVLyQRUGHQDGRUDGHFRQMXQWR3DUDHOORHQFDGDFDVRDSHODPRVD
ORVSULPHURVUHIHUHQWHVGHFDGDPRGHOR DXWRUHVFOiVLFRV
FRPR)UHXG%HFN\:DW]ODZLFNHWF \DVXYH]DDOJXQRV DXWRUHV FRQWHPSRUiQHRV TXH SHUPLWLHUDQ GDU XQD
SHUVSHFWLYD KLVWyULFD \ D VX YH] DFWXDO GH OD YLVLyQ GHO
FDPELRVHJ~QFDGDPDUFRWHyULFR'HELGRDTXHDOJXQRV
PRGHORVFRPRHOSVLFRDQDOtWLFRRHOFRJQLWLYRFRQGXFWXDO
WLHQHQPXFKDVPDQLIHVWDFLRQHVGLIHUHQFLDOHVTXHVHUtDQ
LPSRVLEOHVGHDEDUFDUHQXQWUDEDMRGHHVWDQDWXUDOH]D
QRVKHPRVFLUFXQVFULSWRDGHVFULSFLRQHVJHQHUDOHVGHORV
PLVPRVVLQODLQWHQFLyQGHUHDOL]DUXQGHVDUUROORH[KDXVWLYRSRUPHQRUL]DGRHQFDGDXQRGHHOORV
El cambio desde una perspectiva psicoanalítica.
'HVGHORVSULQFLSLRVGHVXSUiFWLFDHQ)UHXGVHSXHGHQ
XELFDUGRVREMHWLYRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGHOWUDWDPLHQWR SVLFRDQDOtWLFR(QSULPHUOXJDUTXHODHQIHUPHGDGQRSHUVLVWDQLUHWRUQHORTXHLPSOLFDUtDXQDGHVDSDULFLyQVRVWHQLGD
HQ HO WLHPSR GH ORV VtQWRPDV TXH DTXHMDQ DO SDFLHQWH
)UHXG (QVHJXQGROXJDUTXHORVSDFLHQWHV
ORJUHQFDPELRVTXHOHVSHUPLWDQUHVWDEOHFHUVXVFDSDFLGDGHVGH³UHQGLPLHQWR´HQWpUPLQRVODERUDOHV\SURGXFWLYRV \ GH ³JR]DU´ D SDUWLU GH VX YLGD FRWLGLDQD )UHXG
S (VWRVFULWHULRVGHVDOXGYDQDDFRPSDxDUD)UHXGDORODUJRGHWRGDVXREUD(QXQRGHVXV
~OWLPRVWH[WRV$QiOLVLVWHUPLQDEOHHLQWHUPLQDEOH)UHXG
UHD¿UPDHVWDLGHDGH¿QLHQGRDODSUiFWLFDDQDOtWLFDFRPR
HODFWRGH³OLEHUDUDXQVHUKXPDQRGHVXVVtQWRPDVQHXUyWLFRVGHVXVLQKLELFLRQHV\DQRUPDOLGDGHVGHFDUiFWHU
)UHXGS ´
DE LA PÁGINA 15 A LA 24
FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XXIV
1RREVWDQWHORVFDPELRVTXHVHFRQVLGHUDEDQQHFHVDULRV
SDUDDOFDQ]DUGLFKRVREMHWLYRV~OWLPRVVXIULHURQLPSRUWDQWHVPRGL¿FDFLRQHVDORODUJRGHODREUD)UHXGLDQD(QXQD
SULPHUDHWDSD)UHXG D¿UPDTXHHOIRFRIXQGDPHQWDOGHOSVLFRDQiOLVLVVHFHQWUDHQ³FDQFHODUODVUHVLVWHQFLDVLQWHUQDVSDUDPRGL¿FDUODYLGDDQtPLFDGHOSDFLHQWH´ )UHXGS 8QDYH]OOHQDGDVWRGDVODV
lagunas mnésicas\UHJLVWUDGDVODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVHQTXH
ODUHSUHVLyQHMHUFLyVXHIHFWRHODQiOLVLVSRGtDGDUVHSRU
WHUPLQDGR )UHXGS (QXQDVHJXQGD
HWDSD)UHXG VRVWLHQHTXHHOWUDEDMRDQDOtWLFR
RVFLODFRQVWDQWHPHQWHHQWUHGRVREMHWRVGHDQiOLVLVHOHOOR
\HO\R6HPDQWLHQHODLGHDGHKDFHUFRQVFLHQWHHOHPHQWRV
LQFRQVFLHQWHV GHOHOORSHURFRQHVWRQRDOFDQ]DHODQiOLVLVGHEHWDPELpQ³FRUUHJLU´DOJRHQHO\R )UHXG
S (QHVWHVHQWLGROD~OWLPDIDVHGHODVWHRUL]DFLRQHV
IUHXGLDQDVSHUPLWHQSHQVDUHQHOUHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHODV
IXQFLRQHV\RLFDV\VXDXWRQRPtDFRPRXQPHFDQLVPRGH
FDPELRGHOWUDWDPLHQWR )UHXG 7DPELpQFRPR
SODQWHD%OHLFKPDU DSDUWLUGHODVHJXQGDWySLFD
IUHXGLDQDHOSVLFRDQiOLVLVQREXVFyVRODPHQWHKDFHUFRQVFLHQWHORLQFRQVFLHQWHVLQRGHVDUUROODUXQSURFHVRGHUHHODERUDFLyQGHVLJQL¿FDGRV(OIHQyPHQRFXUDWLYRRSHUDUtD
DVtSRUXQDUHRUJDQL]DFLyQFRQFHSWXDOTXHUHGXQGDHQ
XQDUHVLJQL¿FDFLyQGHODH[SHULHQFLD %OHLFKPDU (Q
UHODFLyQDHVWDHVWHSXQWRYDOHODSHQDUHVDOWDUHOPRGHOR
GHLQGLFDGRUHVJHQpULFRVGHFDPELRGHVDUUROODGRHQ&KLOH
SRU.UDXVH$OWLPLU3pUH]\'H/D3DUUD TXHFRPSDUWHHOHVStULWXGHODLGHDSUHVHQWDGDSRU%OHLFKPDUDXQTXHGHVGHXQDSHUVSHFWLYDWUDQVWHyULFD.UDXVH\HTXLSR
VRVWLHQHQTXHDSDUWLUGHODWHUDSLDVHSURGXFHQXQDVHULH
GHWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVVXEMHWLYDVHQHOSDFLHQWHHQUHODFLyQ
DVXIRUPDGHLQWHUSUHWDUODH[SHULHQFLDTXHGHULYDQHQ
PRGL¿FDFLRQHVDQLYHOFRQGXFWXDO\HPRFLRQDO .UDXVHHW
DO 6HJ~QORVDXWRUHVGLFKDVPRGL¿FDFLRQHVVXEMHWLYDVUHSUHVHQWDUtDQXQPHFDQLVPRGHFDPELRFRP~QD
ORVGLVWLQWRVDERUGDMHVSVLFRWHUDSpXWLFRV\QRVRORDORV
SVLFRDQDOtWLFRV
9ROYLHQGRDORVGHVDUUROORVHVSHFt¿FRVHQHOPDUFR GHO
SVLFRDQiOLVLVDXWRUHVSRVWHULRUHV\DLQVHUWRVHQHODPSOLR
FDPSRGHODSVLFRWHUDSLDSVLFRDQDOtWLFDSODQWHDURQTXH
ORVPHFDQLVPRVGHFDPELRGHXQDWHUDSLDEDVDGDHQHO
SVLFRDQiOLVLVVHPRYtDQHQWUHHOSRORGHOFDPELRHVWUXFWXUDO\ODLQWHJUDFLyQGHOFRQÀLFWRLQFRQVFLHQWHUHSULPLGR
\HOSRORGHXQDUHRUJDQL]DFLyQDFRWDGD\SDUFLDOGHOD
HVWUXFWXUDSVtTXLFDHQE~VTXHGDGHFDPELRVVLQWRPiWLFRV UHOHYDQWHV 'LFKRV SRORV FRQIRUPDQ OR TXH KR\ VH
FRQRFHFRPRHOFRQWLQXRGH³DSR\RH[SUHVLYR´HQWHUDSLDV
GLQiPLFDV YHU SRU HMHPSOR )LRULQL .HUQEHUJ
$VtXQpQIDVLVHQORH[SUHVLYRUHFXSHUDODWUDGLFLyQ
IUHXGLDQDGHLQWHUSUHWDUVLJQL¿FDGRVRFXOWRVIDYRUHFLHQGR
ODH[SUHVLyQGHFRQÀLFWRVGHOSDFLHQWHPLHQWUDVTXHXQ
pQIDVLVHQHODSR\RPDUFDUtDXQDOtQHDHVWUDWpJLFDRULHQWDGDDOVRVWpQ\UHVWDXUDFLyQGHIXQFLRQHVHVWUXFWXUDOHV
GDxDGDV SDUDXQDVtQWHVLVDFWXDOYHU*UXSRGH7UDEDMR
23' $PERVH[WUHPRVHQHVWHFRQWLQXRPDUFDQXQHVSHFWURGHPHFDQLVPRVGHFDPELRSRVLEOHVSDUD
ODSVLFRWHUDSLDSVLFRDQDOtWLFDDFWXDO3RURWUDSDUWHUHFLHQWHPHQWHVHKDFUHDGRXQPRGHORGHDQiOLVLVJUXSDOSDUD
DE LA PÁGINA 15 A LA 24
HYDOXDFLyQ GHO FDPELR HQ WUDWDPLHQWRV SVLFRDQDOtWLFRV
GHQRPLQDGR(O0RGHORGHORV7UHV1LYHOHV /0%HUQDUGL 0HGLDQWHJUXSRVGHXQPi[LPRGHSHUVRQDV
\FRQHVSDFLRVGHGHEDWHVGHHQWUHDKRUDVHVWH
PRGHOR SODQWHD HYDOXDU WUHV IDFHWDV GHO FDPELR GH XQ
WUDWDPLHQWRDSDUWLUGHODVQDUUDWLYDVGHORVWHUDSHXWDV\
VXV YLxHWDV GHO FDVR /RV WUHV QLYHOHV TXH HYDO~D HVWH
PRGHORVRQ L ODGHVFULSFLyQIHQRPHQROyJLFDGHODVWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHV LL /DLGHQWL¿FDFLyQGHODVSULQFLSDOHVGLPHQVLRQHV GLDJQyVWLFDV GHO FDPELR SVLFRGLQiPLFR \ LLL (O
WHVWHRGHKLSyWHVLVH[SOLFDWLYDVGHOFDPELR
Psicoterapia cognitiva estándar y mecanismos de
cambio. /DWHUDSLDFRJQLWLYDHVWiQGDUGHVGHVXVLQLFLRV
VHFHQWUyHQODPRGL¿FDFLyQGH³VtQWRPDVREMHWLYRV\HVSHFt¿FRV´FRPRPHWDGHODWHUDSLD %HFN5XVK6KDZ\
(PHU\S (VWRVVtQWRPDVVRQFRQFHSWXDOL]DGRV
SRU%HFN\FRODERUDGRUHV FRPRTXHMDVKDELWXDOHV
GHORVSDFLHQWHVDOLQLFLDUODWHUDSLDTXHSXHGHQSODQWHDUVH FRPR SUREOHPDV UHVROXEOHV PHGLDQWH XQ DERUGDMH
FRJQLWLYR$PRGRGHHMHPSORDOJXQRVGHORVVtQWRPDV
TXHSUHVHQWDQORVDXWRUHVVRQODWULVWH]DYHUJHQ]DFyOHUDDQVLHGDGFXOSDELOLGDGHQWUHRWURV
(QXQSULPHUPRPHQWRGHOWUDWDPLHQWRODWHUDSLDFRJQLWLYD
HVWiQGDUDSXQWDDPRGL¿FDUODVGLVWRUVLRQHVOyJLFDVTXH
OOHYDQDOSDFLHQWHDFRQGXFWDV\HPRFLRQHVGHVDGDSWDWLYDV TXH FRQ¿JXUDQ ORV VtQWRPDV GHO SDFLHQWH %HFN \
:HLVKDDU (VWDVGLVWRUVLRQHVOyJLFDVVRQGLVWLQWRV
HUURUHVHQHOSURFHVDPLHQWRGHODLQIRUPDFLyQWDOHVFRPR
LQIHUHQFLDVDUELWUDULDVRSHQVDPLHQWRVGLFRWyPLFRVTXH
SXHGHQKDFHUVXUJLU\PDQWHQHUGLIHUHQWHVWLSRORJtDVGH
VLQWRPDWRORJtDSVLTXLiWULFD %HFNHWDO 6HJ~QD¿UPD-XGLWK%HFN XQDYH]TXHODVSHUVRQDVDSUHQGHQDDQDOL]DUVXVSURSLDVFRJQLFLRQHV\SHQVDPLHQWRVGHXQDPDQHUDPiVUHDOLVWD\DGDSWDWLYDVXUJHQ
ODVPHMRUtDVHQODVGLPHQVLRQHVHPRFLRQDOHV\FRQGXFWXDOHVHQWpUPLQRVGHDOLYLRVLQWRPiWLFR
&RQIRUPHODWHUDSLDDYDQ]D\ORVVtQWRPDVGHOSDFLHQWH
FRPLHQ]DQDGLVPLQXLUHOREMHWLYRGHOWUDWDPLHQWRPXWD/D
WHUDSLDGHEHHQIRFDUVHDFRQWLQXDFLyQHQPRGL¿FDUODV
FUHHQFLDV \ VXSXHVWRV LQFRUUHFWRV GHO SDFLHQWH TXH OR
OOHYDQDUHDOL]DUVHVJRVVLVWHPiWLFRVHQHOSHQVDPLHQWR
%HFNHWDO%HFN\:HLVKDDU /RVFDPELRV
HQHVWRVSDWURQHV\VXSXHVWRVQXFOHDUHVSHUPLWLUiQHYLWDU
SRWHQFLDOHVUHFDtGDVGHOSDFLHQWH %HFNHWDO (V DVt TXH HQ HVWD VHJXQGD HWDSD VHJ~Q -XGLWK %HFN
ORV WHUDSHXWDV GHEHQ WUDEDMDU HQ XQ QLYHO PiV
SURIXQGRGHFRJQLFLRQHV$OPRGL¿FDUODVFUHHQFLDV QXFOHDUHVTXHORVSDFLHQWHVWLHQHQUHVSHFWRGHORVRWURVGHO
PXQGR\GHHOORVPLVPRVHVFRPRVHYDQDSRGHUSURGXFLUPRGL¿FDFLRQHVFRQGXFWXDOHV\HPRFLRQDOHVPiVGXUDGHUDV(QHVWHSXQWR.HHJDQ D¿UPDTXHJOREDOPHQWH HO FDPELR SULQFLSDO TXH GHEH KDFHU XQD WHUDSLD
FRJQLWLYDHVTXHHOSDFLHQWHSXHGDLQFRUSRUDUXQDIRUPD
PiVÀH[LEOHGHYHUODUHDOLGDGHQFRQWUDVWHFRQODVIRUPDV
GHVLJQL¿FDUHOPXQGRTXHGXUDQWHVXELRJUDItDOHKDQ
JHQHUDGRGLYHUVRVSUREOHPDV
17
EL ESTUDIO DEL CAMBIO EN PSICOTERAPIA: DESAFÍOS CONCEPTUALES Y PROBLEMAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN EMPÍRICA
THE STUDY OF CHANGE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY: CONCEPTUAL CHALLENGES AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ISSUES
Gómez Penedo, Juan M.; Juan, Santiago; Manubens, Rocio T.; Roussos, Andrés J.
El cambio en psicoterapia desde la perspectiva sistémica.(QODWHUDSLDVLVWpPLFDVHDSXQWDDSURGXFLUFDPELRV
HQORVVtQWRPDVRSUREOHPDVLQGLYLGXDOHVGHORVSDFLHQWHV
SHURGHVGHXQHQIRTXHGLIHUHQWH0LQXFKLQ D¿UPD
TXHORVVtQWRPDVRSUREOHPDVGHXQSDFLHQWH paciente
LGHQWL¿FDGR TXH OOHYDQ D XQD IDPLOLD D FRQVXOWDU VRQ
HOHPHQWRVTXHRSHUDQDOVHUYLFLRGHOPDQWHQLPLHQWR GH
XQDHVWUXFWXUDIDPLOLDUUtJLGD\HVWHUHRWLSDGD3RUHQGH
ORVVtQWRPDVLQGLYLGXDOHVGHORVSDFLHQWHVQRVRQFRPSUHQGLGRVFRPRSUREOHPDVH[FOXVLYDPHQWHGHHOORVVLQR
FRPRHPHUJHQWHVGHGLVIXQFLRQHVDQLYHOIDPLOLDU/DWHUDSLDVLVWpPLFDDSXQWDUiHQWRQFHVDSURGXFLUPRGL¿FDFLRQHVDQLYHOGHODHVWUXFWXUDIDPLOLDU GHQRPLQDGDVtransformaciones SDUDTXHHOODVUHGXQGHQHQPRGL¿FDFLRQHV
HQODH[SHULHQFLDSHUVRQDOGHFDGDXQRGHVXVPLHPEURV
\SRUFRQVLJXLHQWHHQVXVFRQGXFWDV\SURFHVRVSVtTXLFRVLQWHUQRV GHQRPLQDGDVcambios 6LELHQODVPRGL¿FDFLRQHVVHSURGXFLUiQHQWRGRVORVLQWHJUDQWHVGHODIDPLOLD
D\XGDUiQSDUWLFXODUPHQWHDOSDFLHQWHLGHQWL¿FDGRIDFLOLWiQGROHHOFRUULPLHQWRGHGLFKDSRVLFLyQ\ODPHUPDGHVXV
VtQWRPDV 0LQXFKLQ :DW]ODZLFN:HDNODQG\)LVFK SRUVXSDUWHLGHQWL¿FDURQGRVWLSRVGHFDPELRVHQORVVLVWHPDV$TXHOORVTXH
GHQRPLQDQFDPELRVGHWLSRTXHVRQPRGL¿FDFLRQHVTXH
VHSURGXFHQGHQWURXQVLVWHPDGDGR\TXHHQYH]GHPRGL¿FDUODHVWUXFWXUDGHOVLVWHPDWLHQGHQDKDFHUODSHUGXUDU
<SRUFRQWUDSRVLFLyQORVFDPELRVGHWLSRTXHLPSOLFDQ
FDPELRVHVWUXFWXUDOHVHQGLFKRVVLVWHPD6HJ~QORVDXWRUHVORVFDPELRVGHWLSRVRQVROXFLRQHVLQWHQWDGDVSRUORV
VLVWHPDVSDUDVREUHOOHYDUFLHUWRVGHVDItRVTXHWLHQHQXQ
GREOHHIHFWRSDUDGyMLFRREVWDFXOL]DQHOFDPELRGHOVLVWHPD
\SHUSHW~DQHOSUREOHPDTXHLQWHQWDQVROXFLRQDU(VSRUHVR
TXHHOYHUGDGHURFDPELRDOTXHGHEHUtDQDSXQWDUODVWHUDSLDVVLVWpPLFDVHVHOFDPELRGHWLSRHVGHFLU³XQFDPELR
GHOFDPELR´ :DW]ODZLFNHWDOS TXHOLEHUHDO
VLVWHPDGHODWUDPSDSDUDGyMLFDHQODTXHVHHQFXHQWUD
GHELGRDODVVROXFLRQHVLQWHQWDGDVTXHHQFDUQDQORVFDPELRVGHWLSR&RPRH[SOLFD:DLQVWHLQ ODVWHUDSLDV
VLVWpPLFDVEXVFDQLQWHUYHQLUHQHVWRVFLUFXLWRVFRQIRFRHQ
ODFRPXQLFDFLyQ\ODFRQGXFWDD¿QGHJHQHUDUFDPELRV
VDOXGDEOHVHQORVVLVWHPDVKXPDQRV
El cambio desde la psicoterapia humanístico-existencial3RU~OWLPRDGLIHUHQFLDGHOSVLFRDQiOLVLVODWHUDSLDFRJQLWLYRFRQGXFWXDO\ODWHUDSLDVLVWpPLFDORVPRGHORVKXPDQtVWLFRH[LVWHQFLDOHVQRWLHQHQVXIRFRSULQFLSDO
HQODPRGL¿FDFLyQGHODVLQWRPDWRORJtD\VXVFRQVHFXHQFLDVIXQFLRQDOHVHQODYLGDFRWLGLDQDVLQRTXHFHQWUDQVXV
REMHWLYRVGHFDPELRHQODH[LVWHQFLDGHOKRPEUH\HOVHQWLGRGHVXYLGD$VtYHPRVHMHPSORVFRPRODORJRWHUDSLD
HODERUDGDSRU9LNWRU)UDQNO TXHEXVFDFDPELRVGH
QDWXUDOH]DH[LVWHQFLDOHQORVSDFLHQWHVSDUDTXHSXHGDQ
GHVDUUROODUYLGDVGRWDGDV GH VHQWLGR 'H HVWDIRUPDOD
ORJRWHUDSLDEXVFDORJUDUTXHHOSDFLHQWHSXHGDHQSULPHUD LQVWDQFLD VREUHOOHYDU VX FULVLV H[LVWHQFLDO \ GH HVD
PDQHUDRULHQWDUVHDEXVFDUXQVHQWLGRSDUDVXYLGD(Q
VHJXQGR WpUPLQR HVWH DERUGDMH EXVFD TXH HO SDFLHQWH
HQFXHQWUHXQVHQWLGRTXHSURSRUFLRQHXQYDORUFLHUWRDVX
H[LVWHQFLD )UDQNO (VWHREMHWLYRGHFDPELRHVHO
18
¿Q~OWLPRGHODWHUDSLDFUHDGDSRU)UDQNODXQTXHVXFRQVHFXFLyQFRQOOHYDUiVHJ~QHODXWRUDFDPELRVWDPELpQD
QLYHO GH OD FRQGXFWD GHO SDFLHQWH KDFLD XQD FRQGXFWD
FRQVLVWHQWHFRQHOVHQWLGRGHVXYLGD \DODSRVLELOLGDGGH
VREUHOOHYDUODVSDWRORJtDVTXHORDTXHMDQFRQPRGL¿FDFLRQHVDQLYHOVLQWRPiWLFR )UDQNO ¢&yPRPHGLUORVFDPELRVXQDYH]GH¿QLGRV"
Estrategias de operacionalización del cambio
psicoterapéutico
/D VHFFLyQ DQWHULRU GHMD HQ FODUR OD JUDQ GLYHUVLGDG GH
PHFDQLVPRVGHFDPELR 'RVV TXHORVGLIHUHQWHV
PRGHORVWHUDSpXWLFRVSURSRQHQ$VtODVGLVWLQWDVYDULDFLRQHVGHHVWHFDPLQRWUD]DGRHQWUHSURFHGLPLHQWRVFOtQLFRV
PHFDQLVPRVGHDFFLyQ\FDPELRVHVSHUDGRVH[SOLFDQOD
GLYHUVLGDGWHyULFRWpFQLFDDOPRPHQWRGHDERUGDU\SHQVDU
HOFDPELRHQSVLFRWHUDSLD
'HQWURGHHVWHFRQWH[WRHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHXQDGLPHQVLyQGHFDPELRSDUDPHGLUORVUHVXOWDGRVGHXQDWHUDSLD
LPSOLFDDVXYH]ODFRPSOHMLGDGGHGH¿QLUODRSHUDFLRQDOPHQWHDEULHQGRODVSXHUWDVKDFLDXQHVWXGLRHPStULFRGHO
HYHQWR 'HVGH \D TXH HO FRQWHQLGR GHO FDPELR TXH VH
TXLHUDHYDOXDUDSDUWLUGHVXVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVSDUWLFXODUHV
LPSOLFDGLVWLQWRVQLYHOHVGHFRPSOHMLGDGSRVLEOHV 6WUXSS
1RHVORPLVPRHVWXGLDUVLSHUVLVWHHOLQVRPQLRHQ
XQSDFLHQWHTXHGHWHUPLQDUVLXQVXMHWRKDHQFRQWUDGRXQ
VHQWLGR SDUD YLYLU HQ FRQVRQDQFLD FRQ VXV YDORUHV PiV
tQWLPRV(QODVHFFLyQVLJXLHQWHVHDERUGDUiHVWHSUREOHPDYLQFXODGRFRQODPHGLFLyQGHOFDPELRWHUDSpXWLFR
(Q FRQWLQXLGDG FRQ OD KHWHURJHQHLGDG GH REMHWLYRV GH
FDPELRTXHSXHGHWHQHUXQDWHUDSLDH[LVWHXQDDPSOLD
KHWHURJHQHLGDG GH SRVWXUDV UHVSHFWR GH FyPR GHEHQ
HYDOXDUVHHVRVFDPELRV&RQHOSDVRGHORVDxRVVHKDQ
GLVHxDGR\DFXPXODGRGLYHUVDVHVWUDWHJLDVSDUDRSHUDFLRQDOL]DUPRGL¿FDFLRQHVWHUDSpXWLFDVTXHHQODDFWXDOLGDG
FRQYLYHQHQODSUiFWLFDHLQYHVWLJDFLyQFOtQLFDHQXQYHUGDGHURFULVROGHPHWRGRORJtDVSDUDHYDOXDUHOFDPELR
(QORTXHVLJXHVHDSHODUiDOWUDEDMRGH%HQMDPLQ2JOHV
³Midiendo el cambio en psicoterapia´FRPRIXHQWH SULQFLSDO SDUD GHOLPLWDU HO UHFRUULGR KLVWyULFR SRU ODV
GLVWLQWDVHVWUDWHJLDVGHRSHUDFLRQDOL]DFLyQGHOFDPELRHQ
SVLFRWHUDSLD(ODXWRUSODQWHDTXHODVSULPHUDVIRUPDVGH
PHGLFLyQGHOFDPELRIXHURQDSDUWLUGHODVLPSUHVLRQHVGH
ORVWHUDSHXWDVUHVSHFWRGHORVUHVXOWDGRV2JOHV PHQFLRQDHOHMHPSORGHORVGDWRVUHFDEDGRVHQODGpFDGD
GHOHQHO,QVWLWXWR3VLFRDQDOtWLFRGH%HUOtQ %HUJLQ
HQ GRQGH SVLFRDQDOLVWDV UHYLVDQGR DUFKLYRV \
QRWDVGHODVVHVLRQHVGHEtDQFODVL¿FDUDORVSDFLHQWHVHQ
EDVH D LPSUHVLRQHV FXDOLWDWLYDV HQ FXDWUR FDWHJRUtDV
FXUDGRVFRQPHMRUtDLPSRUWDQWHFRQXQDPHMRUtDRQR
FXUDGRV
0iVDGHODQWHVHGHVDUUROODURQPpWRGRVHVWDQGDUL]DGRV
SDUDPHGLUHOFDPELRGHVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGHOWHUDSHXWD
SHURPHGLDQWHPHWRGRORJtDVGRWDGDVGHPD\RUULJXURVLGDG
8QRGHORVSULPHURVHVIXHU]RVHQHVWHVHQWLGRIXHHOWUDEDMRGH.QLJKW TXLpQSURSXVRFLQFRFULWHULRVHVSHFt¿FRVSDUDTXHORVWHUDSHXWDVDQDOL]DUDQHQVXVSDFLHQWHVDO
PRPHQWRGHPHGLUHOFDPELRUHFXSHUDFLyQVLQWRPiWLFD
DXPHQWRGHSURGXFWLYLGDGPHMRUtDVHQODYLGDVH[XDOPHDE LA PÁGINA 15 A LA 24
FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XXIV
MRUtDVHQVXVUHODFLRQHVLQWHUSHUVRQDOHV\KDEHUORJUDGR
niveles de insightTXHOHSHUPLWDQVREUHOOHYDUFRQÀLFWRV
SVLFROyJLFRV\HVWUpVFRWLGLDQRV .QLJKW $SDUWLUGHODVFUtWLFDVPHWRGROyJLFDVDHVWDHVWUDWHJLD
GHELGR D TXH XWLOL]DED OD YLVLyQ GH ORV WHUDSHXWDV SDUD
HYDOXDU OD H¿FDFLD GH VXV SURSLDV SUiFWLFDV VXUJLHURQ
PHGLGDVHVWUXFWXUDGDVSDUDDQDOL]DUHOFDPELRPHGLDQWH
ODSHUVSHFWLYDGHOSDFLHQWH$VLPLVPRIUHQWHDORVSRVLEOHV
VHVJRVTXHSRGUtDQH[LVWLUDOHYDOXDUHOFDPELRPHGLDQWH
HODXWRUHSRUWHGHORVSDFLHQWHVVXUJLHURQPHGLGDVEDVDGDVHQODREVHUYDFLyQGHMXHFHVH[WHUQRVSDUDHYDOXDU
LQGLFDGRUHV GH FDPELR HQ ODV VHVLRQHV .UDXVH HW DO
$VXYH]VHKDQGHVDUUROODGR\XWLOL]DGRLQVWUXPHQWRVGHHYDOXDFLyQSVLFRGLDJQyVWLFDFRPRHVHOFDVRGHO
5RUVFKDFKSDUDHYDOXDUHOFDPELRFRPSDUDQGRFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHSHUVRQDOLGDGGHORVSDFLHQWHVDOLQLFLR\DO¿QDO
GHORVWUDWDPLHQWRV :HLQHU\([QHU 3RURWUDSDUWHPLHQWUDVTXHODVSULPHUDVPHGLGDVGHUHVXOWDGRHYDOXDEDQHOFDPELRGHORVSDFLHQWHVHQIRUPDJOREDO
FRQHOSDVRGHOWLHPSRVHIXHURQGHVDUUROODQGRLQVWUXPHQWRVGHPHGLFLyQPiVHVSHFt¿FRVSDUDODVSUREOHPiWLFDVGH
ORV SDFLHQWHV 0HGLDQWH SURFHGLPLHQWRV WDOHV VH SXGR
HPSH]DUDHVWDEOHFHUVLXQSDFLHQWHTXHWHQtDXQGLDJQyVWLFRGHWHUPLQDGRDOSULQFLSLRGHXQDWHUDSLDVHJXtDFRQWDQGRFRQDTXHOORVFULWHULRVGLDJQyVWLFRVDOFXOPLQDUOD
$VXYH]DOSULQFLSLRODVPHGLGDVGHFDPELRVHHQFRQWUDEDQHVWUHFKDPHQWHYLQFXODGDVDODVWHUDSLDV\PRGHORV
WHyULFRV SDUWLFXODUHV KDVWD TXH HPSH]DURQ D FUHDUVH
PpWRGRVPHQRVDFRWDGRVDODHVSHFL¿FLGDGWHyULFDGHXQ
PDUFRLQWHQWDGRHYDOXDUFDPELRVFRPXQHVTXHSRGtDQ
DFRQWHFHUHQGLVWLQWRVDERUGDMHV
(QORV~OWLPRVDxRVVHKDUHYDORUL]DGRDVXYH]ODHYDOXDFLyQGHOFDPELRPHGLDQWHODLQGDJDFLyQGHODH[SHULHQFLDIHQRPHQROyJLFDGHOSDFLHQWHDWUDYpVGHHQWUHYLVWDV
HQSURIXQGLGDG\DQiOLVLVFXDOLWDWLYRVGHODVPLVPDVDO¿QDOL]DUODWHUDSLD $OWLPLUHWDO2OLYHUD%UDXQ*yPH]3HQHGR\5RXVVRV El análisis del cambio como estrategia para saldar la
brecha entre la clínica y la investigación. +LVWyULFDPHQWHVHKDGRFXPHQWDGRXQDEUHFKDPDUFDGDHQWUHORVHVIXHU]RV\GLVFXUVRVGHODSVLFRORJtDFOtQLFD\ODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ &DVWRQJXD\%DUNKDP/XW]\0F$OHDYH\ (Q
VtQWHVLV VH VRVWLHQH TXH ORV FOtQLFRV QR FRQVXPHQ ODV
SURGXFFLRQHVGHORVLQYHVWLJDGRUHV\TXHORVLQYHVWLJDGRUHVSRVHHQVXVSURSLDVDJHQGDVVLQGDUOHLPSRUWDQFLDD
ODVLQTXLHWXGHVGHORVFOtQLFRV
'H¿QLWLYDPHQWHHODQiOLVLVGHOFDPELR\ORVHIHFWRVGHOD
WHUDSLDQRVRQDMHQRVDHVWHGLYRUFLRHQWUHFOtQLFRVHLQYHVWLJDGRUHV 0FZLOOLDPV 6LQHPEDUJRODVHVWUDWHJLDV
GLVHxDGDVSDUDPHGLUHOFDPELR\VXVPHFDQLVPRVUHSUHVHQWDQHOHMHPSORGHXQiPELWRFRP~QGHLQWHUpVHQWUH
LQYHVWLJDGRUHV\FOtQLFRV\DTXHDPERVDFWRUHVGHVHDQ
VDEHUVLORVSDFLHQWHVUHVSRQGHQRQRXQDWHUDSLD6LELHQ
ORVSURSyVLWRVTXHH[SOLFDQHVWHGHVHRVRQGLIHUHQWHVHQ
FDGDFDVR SDUDORVFOtQLFRVHVDLQIRUPDFLyQWLHQHXQ¿Q
WHUDSpXWLFR PLHQWUDV TXH SDUD ORV LQYHVWLJDGRUHV VLUYH
SDUDFUHDUPRGHORVTXHH[SOLTXHQVXYDULDELOLGDG ODH[LVWHQFLDGHLQVWUXPHQWRVYiOLGRV\FRQ¿DEOHVSDUDPHGLFLyQ
DE LA PÁGINA 15 A LA 24
GHO FDPELR QR VROR EHQH¿FLD D DPEDV SDUWHV VLQR TXH
WDPELpQEULQGDXQFRQWH[WRLGHDOSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHHVSDFLRVGHLQWHUDFFLyQ\SURGXFFLyQFRQMXQWDHQWUHFOtQLFRV
HLQYHVWLJDGRUHVVDOGDQGRODEUHFKD &RQVWDQWLQR&R\QH
\*RPH]3HQHGR 7RPDQGRDODQiOLVLVGHOFDPELR\
VXVPHFDQLVPRVVHSRGUtDQGHVDUUROODUPRGHORVFRPRORV
GHOD,QYHVWLJDFLyQ2ULHQWDGDDOD3UiFWLFD 325SRUVX
VLJODHQLQJOpV&DVWRQJXD\HWDO TXHLQYROXFUDQ
JUXSRVGHWUDEDMRGHLQYHVWLJDGRUHV\FOtQLFRVGHGLFDGRVD
SURGXFLUSLH]DVGHLQIRUPDFLyQTXHDOPLVPRWLHPSRWHQJDQ
XQ¿QWHUDSpXWLFR\DFDGpPLFR$HVWRV¿QHVHVQHFHVDULR
TXHH[LVWDQLQVWUXPHQWRVYDOLGDGRVHQHOiPELWRGRQGHVH
GHVHDQGHVDUUROODUHVWRVHVIXHU]RVFRQMXQWRV
Instrumentos de medición del cambio disponibles en
la región. $FRQWLQXDFLyQVHSUHVHQWDUiQDOJXQDVUHFRPHQGDFLRQHVGHLQVWUXPHQWRVSDUDHYDOXDUHOFDPELR\
PHFDQLVPRV GH FDPELR YDOLGDGRV HQ /DWLQRDPpULFD
EXVFDQGRUHDOL]DUXQDSRUWHDORVFOtQLFRVDORVLQYHVWLJDGRUHV\DODSRWHQFLDOFUHDFLyQGHHVSDFLRVGHLQWHUDFFLyQHQWUHDPERV
6LELHQHQVXVRUtJHQHVODVSULPHUDVIRUPDVGHPHGLFLyQ
GHO FDPELR UHFDtDQ VREUH OD ¿JXUD GHO WHUDSHXWD HQ OD
DFWXDOLGDGQRVHUHFRPLHQGDXWLOL]DUHVDIXHQWHSDUDHYDOXDUHOFDPELRIUHQWHDSRVLEOHVVHVJRV 2JOHV 3RU
HOORHQHVWHDSDUWDGRVRORSUHVHQWDUHPRVUHFRPHQGDFLRQHVSDUDPHGLUHOFDPELRGHVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGHOSDFLHQWHRDSDUWLUGHMXHFHVLQGHSHQGLHQWHV
'HQWURGHODVPHGLGDVGHDXWRUHSRUWHGHOSDFLHQWHSDUD
HYDOXDUHOFDPELRHQODUHJLyQVHHQFXHQWUDQYDOLGDGRV
GLYHUVRVLQVWUXPHQWRVFRQREMHWLYRVGLIHUHQWHVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHHYDOXDFLyQJHQHUDOGHODVHYHULGDGFRPRHO&XHVWLRQDULR GH 5HVXOWDGRV YRQ %HUJHQ \ GH OD 3DUUD
2PHGLGDVSXUDPHQWHVLQWRPDWROyJLFDVFRPRHO,QYHQWDULRGH6tQWRPDV &DVXOOR\3HUH] \PHGLGDVGHGL¿FXOWDGHVLQWHUSHUVRQDOHVFRPRHO,QYHQWDULRGH
3UREOHPDV ,QWHUSHUVRQDOHV 0DULVWDQ\ 7DPELpQ
H[LVWHQLQVWUXPHQWRVYDOLGDGRVSDUDPHGLUVLQWRPDWRORJtD
HVSHFt¿FDFRPRSXHGHVHUDQVLHGDG ,QYHQWDULRGH$QVLHGDG(VWDGR5DVJR$FXxD RGHSUHVLyQ ,QYHQWDULR
GH'HSUHVLyQGH%HFN,,&RQWUHUDV9DOGH]+HUQiQGH]
*X]PiQ\)UH\UH (QFXDQWRDIRUPDVGHHYDOXDUHOFDPELRPHGLDQWHREVHUYDGRUHVH[WHUQRVORVLQVWUXPHQWRVGLVSRQLEOHVVRQPiV
HVFDVRV(QWUHHOORVFDEHGHVWDFDUDOPRGHORGHLQGLFDGRUHVJHQpULFRVGHFDPELR\DFLWDGRGH.UDXVH\FRODERUDGRUHV \HOPRGHORFOiVLFRGHO2UGHQDPLHQWR4GHO
3URFHVR 3465RXVVRV $GHPiVGHHVWRVHVIXHU]RVWUDQVWHyULFRVH[LVWHQWDPELpQLQVWUXPHQWRVGLVHxDGRVGHVGHSHUVSHFWLYDVWHyULFDVSDUWLFXODUHVFRPRSXHGHQVHUORVWDPELpQ\DFLWDGRV23'\/0GHVGHORV
PRGHORVSVLFRDQDOtWLFRV
(QFDGDXQRGHORVLQVWUXPHQWRVUHFRPHQGDGRVVHSUHVHQWDQVRODPHQWHODVFLWDVGHVXVYDOLGDFLRQHVHQSDtVHV/DWLRQDPHULFDQRV
2
19
EL ESTUDIO DEL CAMBIO EN PSICOTERAPIA: DESAFÍOS CONCEPTUALES Y PROBLEMAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN EMPÍRICA
THE STUDY OF CHANGE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY: CONCEPTUAL CHALLENGES AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ISSUES
Gómez Penedo, Juan M.; Juan, Santiago; Manubens, Rocio T.; Roussos, Andrés J.
Metodologías para determinar si el cambio buscado
ha ocurrido
&RPRVHPHQFLRQyPiVDUULEDODVSULPHUDVIRUPDVGH
SRQGHUDUHOFDPELRHQSVLFRWHUDSLDHUDQHYDOXDUDO¿QDO
GHO WUDWDPLHQWR FyPR HVWDEDQ ORV SDFLHQWHV GHVGH OD
SHUVSHFWLYDGHORVWHUDSHXWDV3RVWHULRUPHQWHFRQHOVXUJLPLHQWRGHPHGLGDVGHDXWRUHSRUWHSDUDORVSDFLHQWHV\
PpWRGRV GH HYDOXDFLyQ PHGLDQWH MXHFHV H[WHUQRV VH
HPSH]DURQDLQFRUSRUDUPHGLGDVDQWHVGHODWHUDSLD FRQRFLGDVFRPROtQHDGHEDVHRSUHWHVW TXHOXHJRHUDQ
UHSHWLGDVDO¿QDOL]DUHOWUDWDPLHQWR SRVWWHVW \FRPSDUDGDV 2JOHV /DGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHODPHGLGDLQLFLDO\
OD¿QDOHVORTXHFRQFHSWXDOPHQWHVHFRQVLGHUDUtDFRPR
HOFDPELRSURGXFLGRSRUPHGLRGHODERUGDMH
1RREVWDQWHSRGtDQH[LVWLUSDFLHQWHVTXHKDEtDQFDPELDGRHVSRQWiQHDPHQWHVREUHUHSUHVHQWDQGRORVFDPELRV
DWULEXLGRVDODSVLFRWHUDSLD 1DWKDQ6WXDUW\'RODQ 'HHVWDIRUPDVHHPSH]yDFRPSDUDUODHYROXFLyQGH
SDFLHQWHV TXH UHDOL]DEDQ SVLFRWHUDSLD FRQ RWURV TXH
FRQWDQGRFRQFRQGLFLRQHVSVLFRSDWROyJLFDVVLPLODUHVQR
UHDOL]DEDQQLQJ~QWUDWDPLHQWR JUXSRGHFRQWURORFRPSDUDFLyQ $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ VH FRQGXFtDQ SURFHGLPLHQWRV
HVWDGtVWLFRV SDUD REVHUYDU VL H[LVWtDQ GLIHUHQFLDV HQ HO
FDPELRDOFDQ]DGRSRUDPERVJUXSRV3DUDHOORVHXWLOL]DEDQFULWHULRVGHVLJQL¿FDQFLDHVWDGtVWLFDORVFXDOHVSHUPLWtDQGHWHUPLQDUVLODVGLIHUHQFLDVREVHUYDGDVHQWUHORV
JUXSRVSRGtDQVHUFRQVLGHUDGDVUHDOHVRHQFDPELRVHU
DWULEXLGDVDOD]DU .UDHPHUHWDO 6LELHQHVWDPHWRGRORJtDHVWDGtVWLFDHVODTXHPiVSUROLIHUDFLyQKDWHQLGRHQODLQYHVWLJDFLyQFOtQLFD\VXVUHVXOWDGRV\HVWUDWHJLDVKDQVHUYLGRFRPREDVHIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDHOGHVD
UUROOR\FUHFLPLHQWRGHODSVLFRWHUDSLD\VXHVWXGLRHPStULFRHQODV~OWLPDVGpFDGDVVHKDQDFXPXODGRXQDVHULH
GHFUtWLFDVUHVSHFWRDVXVDOFDQFHV
(QXQWUDEDMRSLRQHUR-DFREVRQ\7UXD[ DUJXPHQWDURQTXHHOKHFKRGHTXHORVSDFLHQWHVGHXQDWHUDSLDVH
GLIHUHQFLDUDQVLJQL¿FDWLYDPHQWHGHXQJUXSRGHFRQWURO
QRGDEDXQDPHGLGDGHODPDJQLWXGGHHVDGLIHUHQFLDQL
GH VX LPSRUWDQFLD GHVGH XQD SHUVSHFWLYD FOtQLFD /RV
SDFLHQWHV SRGtDQ GLIHUHQFLDUVH GH PDQHUD FRQ¿DEOH \
GLFKDGLIHUHQFLDVHUPX\SHTXHxDRQRWHQHUQLQJXQDUHOHYDQFLD FOtQLFD$GHPiV ORV DXWRUHV VRVWXYLHURQ TXH
HVWDIRUPDGHPHGLUHOFDPELRQRDSRUWDEDLQIRUPDFLyQ
VREUHODPHMRUtDLQGLYLGXDOGHORVSDFLHQWHVVLQR~QLFDPHQWHGHORVJUXSRV
-DFREVRQ\7UXD[ LGHQWL¿FDURQHQHOFiOFXORGHtamaños de efectoHQWUHORVJUXSRVGHSDFLHQWHV\JUXSRV
GHFRQWURODXQRGHORVSULPHURVLQWHQWRVGHVXSHUDUODV
OLPLWDFLRQHVGHOPHURHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHODVLJQL¿FDQFLD
HVWDGtVWLFD3DUDHOFiOFXORGHHVWRVHIHFWRVGLIHUHQFLDOHV
VHXWLOL]DURQIyUPXODVFRPRODGHOHVWDGtVWLFRd GH&RKHQ
HQGRQGHODVGLIHUHQFLDVHQWUHORVGRVJUXSRVVRQ
SRQGHUDGDVHQIXQFLyQGHVXGHVYLDFLyQHVWiQGDU(VWDV
HVWUDWHJLDVSHUPLWLHURQHVWDEOHFHUQRVRORVLORVJUXSRVGH
SVLFRWHUDSLD VH GLIHUHQFLDEDQ GH ORV JUXSRV GH FRQWURO
VLQRWDPELpQHQTXpPHGLGDORKDFtDQ -DFREVRQ\7UXD[
.LUN GHQRPLQyDHVWRVSURFHGLPLHQWRVFULWHULRV GH VLJQL¿FDQFLD SUiFWLFD HQ WDQWR SHUPLWtDQ WRPDU
GHFLVLRQHVSDUDODSUiFWLFDHQEDVHDSDUiPHWURVFLHQWt¿-
20
FRVSDUDODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHHVDVGLIHUHQFLDV
$ SHVDU GH UHFRQRFHUODV FRPR XQ DYDQFH -DFREVRQ \
7UXD[ SODQWHDURQTXHODVPHGLGDVGHWDPDxRGH
HIHFWRFRQWDEDQFRQPXFKDVGHODVPLVPDVOLPLWDFLRQHV
TXH OD VLJQL¿FDQFLD HVWDGtVWLFD QR DQDOL]DEDQ FDPELRV
LQGLYLGXDOHVHQWUHORVSDFLHQWHV\VRORHVWDEOHFtDQPDJQLWXGHVGHGLIHUHQFLDVLQFULWHULRVSDUDYDORUDUVXLPSDFWR
FOtQLFR/DREVHUYDFLyQGHHVWDVIDOHQFLDVGLROXJDUDGHVDUUROORVTXHDSXQWDURQDOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHFULWHULRVGH
VLJQL¿FDQFLDFOtQLFDGHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHXQDWHUDSLD(VWDVPHWRGRORJtDVHVWDEOHFHQFULWHULRVa priori acerca de
FyPRWLHQHTXHWHUPLQDUXQSDFLHQWHHQWHUDSLDSDUDVHU
FRQVLGHUDGRXQWUDWDPLHQWRH[LWRVR(OPRGHORFOiVLFRGH
VLJQL¿FDQFLDFOtQLFDGH-DFREVRQ\7UXD[ HVWDEOHFH
GRVFRQGLFLRQHVQHFHVDULDV TXHHOSDFLHQWHORJUpXQ
FDPELRORVX¿FLHQWHPHQWHJUDQGHFRPRSDUDVHUFRQVLGHUDGRGHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDHVWDGtVWLFRFRQ¿DEOH TXHHOSDFLHQWHDO¿QDOL]DUODWHUDSLDVHHQFXHQWUHPiV
FHUFDGHODPHGLDGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODSREODFLyQQRUPDOTXHGHODSREODFLyQSDWROyJLFD HQODGLPHQVLyQVHOHFFLRQDGDSDUDODPHGLGDGHFDPELR $TXHOORVSDFLHQWHV
TXHFXPSOHQDPERVFULWHULRVKDQORJUDGRXQFDPELRFOtQLFDPHQWH VLJQL¿FDWLYR \ SXHGHQ VHU FRQFHSWXDOL]DGRV
FRPR recuperados /D VLJQL¿FDQFLD FOtQLFD SHUPLWH HQWRQFHVYDORUDUFDVRVLQGLYLGXDOHV\SRUHQGHSHUPLWHXQ
DQiOLVLVVLQJXODUGHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHODWHUDSLDHYDOXDQGR FDPELRV intra-sujeto \ QR VROR FDPELRV inter-sujeto
FRPSDUDFLyQGHJUXSRV $GHPiVGHODLQIRUPDFLyQTXHSXHGHDSRUWDUODFRPSDUDFLyQGHSXQWDMHVSUHWUDWDPLHQWR\SRVWWUDWDPLHQWRHQOD
TXHVHEDVDURQIXHUWHPHQWHORVPRGHORVGHVLJQL¿FDQFLD
FOtQLFDDOJXQRVDXWRUHVSODQWHDURQODQHFHVLGDGGHHYDOXDUWRGDODWUD\HFWRULDGHFDPELRTXHVHSURGXFtDGXUDQWH
HODERUGDMH 7VFKDFKHU\5DPVH\HU /DHYDOXDFLyQ
GHORVUHVXOWDGRVPHGLDQWHGRVPHGLGDVXQDDOLQLFLR\
RWUDDO¿QDOGHOWUDWDPLHQWRQRSHUPLWtDGLYLVDUFyPRIXH
ODWUD\HFWRULDGHOFDPELRGXUDQWHWRGRHODERUGDMH6RORVH
FRQWDEDHQHVWRVFDVRVFRQXQLQGLFDGRUGHVDOLGD\GH
OOHJDGDSHURQRVHSRGtDVDEHUFyPRKDEtDVLGRHOUHFRUULGRGHHYROXFLyQGHODYDULDEOH$SDUWLUGHHVWRVDUJXPHQWRVDOJXQRVDXWRUHVKDQVRVWHQLGRODQHFHVLGDGGH
HVWDEOHFHUPHGLGDVUHSHWLGDVDORODUJRGHWRGRHOWUDWDPLHQWRGHODVYDULDEOHVTXHVRQXWLOL]DGRVFRPRPHGLGD
GHFDPELR 5DPVH\HU.XSSHU&DVSDU=QRM\7VFKDFKHU
(VWDSRVLFLyQVRVWLHQHHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHPRGHORVLQGLYLGXDOHVGHHYROXFLyQFRPRXQUHFXUVRSDUD GDU
FXHQWDQRVRORGHODPDJQLWXGGHOFDPELR\VXYDORUDFLyQ
VLQRWDPELpQGHFyPRVHSURGXMRHVHFDPELRHQWpUPLQRV
GHWUD\HFWRULDV3DUDHOORVHXWLOL]DQPRGHORVHVWDGtVWLFRV
RULHQWDGRV D HVWXGLDU VLPXOWiQHDPHQWH WHQGHQFLDV GH
FDPELRHQORVSDFLHQWHV\HQODPXHVWUDFRPRORVPRGHORVGHFXUYDGHFUHFLPLHQWR *yPH]3HQHGR0XLxRV\
5RXVVRV5DXGHQEXVK\%U\N El estudio del cambio desde la investigación empírica
(QHODxR6PLWK\*ODVVVLQWHWL]DURQORVUHVXOWDGRV
GH LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV TXH FRPSDUDEDQ WUDWDPLHQWRV
SVLFRWHUDSpXWLFRVFRQJUXSRVGHFRQWUROUHDOL]DQGRDVtHO
SULPHUPHWDDQiOLVLVGHOTXHVHWLHQHUHJLVWURHQODKLVWRULD
DE LA PÁGINA 15 A LA 24
FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XXIV
GHODVFLHQFLDV/RVDXWRUHVHQFRQWUDURQDWUDYpVGHHVWH
SURFHGLPLHQWRHVWDGtVWLFRLQQRYDGRUHYLGHQFLDUREXVWDGH
TXHODSVLFRWHUDSLDHVXQWUDWDPLHQWRH¿FD]HVGHFLUSURGXFHXQQLYHOGHFDPELRSRVLWLYRPD\RUDOGHODUHPLVLyQ
VLQWRPiWLFDHVSRQWDQHD6PLWK\*ODVV UHSRUWDQ
TXHODWHUDSLDWLHQHXQWDPDxRGHHIHFWRGHORTXH
HTXLYDOHDGHFLUTXHHOSDFLHQWHPHGLRGHSVLFRWHUDSLDDO
¿QDOL]DUHOWUDWDPLHQWRVHHQFXHQWUDPHMRUTXHHOGH
ORVVXMHWRVTXHFRQWDQGRFRQVLQWRPDWRORJtDHTXLYDOHQWH
QRUHDOL]DURQWHUDSLD6HJ~QFULWHULRVGH&RKHQ HVHWDPDxRGHHIHFWRGHEHUtDLQWHUSUHWDUVHFRPRXQWDPDxRGHHIHFWRPHGLR
A partir de este meta-análisis, y de sucesivas replicas y
DFWXDOL]DFLRQHVDOGtDGHKR\ODSVLFRWHUDSLDHVFRQVLGHUD
XQD SUiFWLFD H¿FD] SDUD HO DERUGDMH GH ODV SDWRORJtDV
PHQWDOHVHQEDVHDORVFDPELRVWHUDSpXWLFRVTXHSURGXFH
HQVXVSDFLHQWHVVXSHUDQGRVLJQL¿FDWLYDPHQWHDODDXVHQFLDGHWUDWDPLHQWRDOHIHFWRSODFHERHLQFOXVRHQDOJXQDV SDWRORJtDV D GLYHUVRV DERUGDMHV IDUPDFROyJLFRV
:DPSROG/DPEHUW $OGtDGHKR\VHFRQVLGHUDTXHHQGHFDGDSDFLHQWHVODSVLFRWHUDSLDIXQFLRQDPHMRUDQGRVLJQL¿FDWLYDPHQWHVXFRQGLFLyQ /DPEHUW
(VWRVUHVXOWDGRVGHODWHUDSLDVXSHUDQHOWDPDxR
GHO HIHFWR GH PXFKDV SUiFWLFDV PpGLFDV SUHVWLJLRVDV \
DPSOLDPHQWHGLIXQGLGDVFRPRODVDQJLRSODVWtDVODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQGHEHWDEORTXHDQWHVODYDFXQDSDUDODJULSH\
ODRSHUDFLyQGHFDWDUDWDVHQWUHRWUDV :DPSROG Discusión
$PRGRGHXQDUHYLVLyQWHyULFDVLQWHWL]DQGRORVDSRUWHV
GH GLYHUVDV SURSXHVWDV FRQFHSWXDOHV H LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV
HPStULFDVHOSUHVHQWHWUDEDMRWXYRHOREMHWLYRGHGHVFULELU
ODVGLVWLQWDVFRQFHSWXDOL]DFLRQHV\PHWRGRORJtDVLQYROXFUDGDVHQHOHVWXGLRGHOFDPELRHQSVLFRWHUDSLD6HRUJDQL]yHODQiOLVLVGHOWHPDHQEDVHDWUHVFRQMXQWRVGHSUREOHPDV ORVGHEDWHVUHVSHFWRDTXpHOHPHQWRVGHEH
PRGL¿FDUXQDSVLFRWHUDSLDSDUDGLIHUHQWHVPRGHORVWHyULFRV ORVGLVWLQWRVHVIXHU]RV\HVWUDWHJLDVSDUDPHGLUHO
FRQVWUXFWR³FDPELR´\ ORVGLIHUHQWHVFULWHULRVPHWRGROyJLFRV TXH SXHGHQ XVDUVH SDUD HVWDEOHFHU VL HO FDPELR
HIHFWLYDPHQWHRFXUUHHQXQDSVLFRWHUDSLD
(OHVWDGRGHODUWHPXHVWUDXQFRQVHQVRJHQHUDOL]DGRHQ
XELFDUDODVPRGL¿FDFLRQHVDQLYHOGHODVLQWRPDWRORJtD\
DODVSUREOHPiWLFDVIXQFLRQDOHV IXQFLRQDPLHQWRVRFLDO
LQWHUSHUVRQDOFDSDFLGDGGHRFLRHQWUHRWUDV FRPRORV
SULQFLSDOHV REMHWLYRV GH FDPELR HQ GLIHUHQWHV PDUFRV
WHyULFRV 0RGHORV FRPR ORV SVLFRDQDOtWLFRV FRJQLWLYR
FRQGXFWXDOHV\VLVWpPLFRVFRQVLGHUDQTXHGHEHREVHUYDUVHXQDPHUPDHQGLFKDVIRUPDVGHPDOHVWDUHQORV
SDFLHQWHVSDUDTXHHOWUDWDPLHQWRSXHGDVHULQWHUSUHWDGR
FRPR H[LWRVR$OJXQD YDULDELOLGDG HQ HVWD SRVWXUD VH
HQFXHQWUD HQ ORV WUDWDPLHQWRV KXPDQLVWDH[LVWHQFLDOHV
(QpVWRVODPHUPDGHPDOHVWDUVLQWRPiWLFRRODPHMRUtD
GHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRLQWHUSHUVRQDOVHYHQVXSHGLWDGDVDOD
FRQVHFXFLyQGHXQREMHWLYRGHFDPELRFRQVLGHUDGRPiV
WUDVFHQGHQWHYLQFXODGRFRQODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHXQDYLGD
VLJQL¿FDWLYD HQ HO PDUFR HQ XQ SUR\HFWR YLWDO YDOLRVR
SDUDORVVXMHWRVTXHFRQVXOWDQ
$SHVDUGHODFXHUGRJHQHUDOHQDOJXQRVPRGHORVUHVSHFDE LA PÁGINA 15 A LA 24
WR GH FXiOHV GHEHQ VHU ORV FDPELRV ~OWLPRV TXH GHEH
EXVFDUODWHUDSLDHQHOSDFLHQWHORVPHFDQLVPRVDWUDYpV
GHORVFXiOHVHVRVFDPELRVVHFRQVLJXHQKDQVLGRXQRGH
ORVSXQWRVGHPD\RUGLVLGHQFLDHQWUHORVGLVWLQWRVPDUFRV
WHyULFRV$VtHOFDPSRGHODSVLFRORJtDFOtQLFDFDUHFHGH
XQFRQVHQVRUHVSHFWRGHFXiOHVVRQVXVPHFDQLVPRVGH
FDPELR
<HQGRDORVGLVWLQWRVHVIXHU]RV\HVWUDWHJLDVSDUDPHGLUHO
FDPELRODJUDQGLYHUVLGDGGHPHWRGRORJtDVHLQVWUXPHQWRVSDUDHVWXGLDUHVWHFRQVWUXFWRSODQWHDXQGHVDItRHQ
WRUQR D OD VHOHFFLyQ GH ORV PiV DGHFXDGRV SDUD LQFOXLU
WDQWRHQODFOtQLFDFRPRHQODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ(QHVWHVHQWLGRHQFRQVRQDQFLDFRQODVLGHDVGH2JOHV FUHHPRVHQODLPSRUWDQFLDGHLQFRUSRUDUGLIHUHQWHVYLVLRQHV
WHUDSHXWDSDFLHQWH\REVHUYDGRUHVH[WHUQRV GLIHUHQWHV
LQGLFDGRUHV JOREDOHV\HVSHFt¿FRVGHFXDGURVSVLFRSDWROyJLFRV \GLIHUHQWHVLQVWUXPHQWRV DOJXQRVIXHUWHPHQWH
D¿DQ]DGRVHQORVPDUFRVWHyULFRVGHORVWUDWDPLHQWRVTXH
VHDSOLFDQ\RWURVWUDQVWHyULFRVTXHIDYRUH]FDQODLQWHJUDFLyQFOtQLFD\FRQFHSWXDO 6LELHQHVWDVLWXDFLyQLGHDO
SODQWHDSUREOHPDVGHYLDELOLGDGHQQXHVWURPHGLRYLQFXODGRVFRQODQHFHVLGDGGHUHGXFLUODFDUJDGHHVIXHU]R
VREUHORVSDFLHQWHV\WHUDSHXWDV\FRQORVHVFDVRVUHFXUVRVFRQORVTXHFXHQWDQORVVLVWHPDVFOtQLFRV\ORVLQYHVWLJDGRUHV 'HOD3DUUD ORVDXWRUHVGHHVWHWUDEDMR
HVWDPRVDERFDGRVDGLIHUHQWHVSUR\HFWRVTXHEXVFDQXQD
HYDOXDFLyQP~OWLSOHGHOFDPELRHQHOVHQWLGRDQWHVGHVFULWRWDQWRHQSVLFRWHUDSLDSVLFRDQDOtWLFD -XDQ*yPH]3HQHGR\5RXVVRV FRPRFRJQLWLYD 5RXVVRV*yPH]
3HQHGR\0XLxRV 2WURSXQWRDQDOL]DGRHQHVWHWUDEDMRIXHHOUHIHULGRDODV
PHWRGRORJtDVHVWDGtVWLFDVSDUDDQDOL]DUHQTXpPHGLGDHO
FDPELRHQORVSDFLHQWHVRFXUUHGXUDQWHXQSURFHVRWHUDSpXWLFR&RPRVHxDODQ*yPH]3HQHGR\5RXVVRV HOGHVDUUROORGHHVWUDWHJLDVSDUDVXSRQGHUDFLyQKDWHQLGR
XQDHYROXFLyQDFXPXODWLYDFRH[LVWLHQGRDOGtDGHKR\HQ
ODPD\RUSDUWHGHORVDUWtFXORVFLHQWt¿FRVHQODPDWHULD
PHGLGDVGHVLJQL¿FDQFLDHVWDGtVWLFDVLJQL¿FDQFLDSUiFWLFD VLJQL¿FDQFLD FOtQLFD \ HYDOXDFLyQ GH WUD\HFWRULDV GH
FDPELR1RREVWDQWHSDUDODSUiFWLFDFOtQLFDODVHVWUDWHJLDVPiVQRYHGRVDV±VLJQL¿FDQFLDFOtQLFD\HODQiOLVLVGH
WUD\HFWRULDVLQGLYLGXDOHV±VRQODVTXHSRGUtDQWHQHUPD\RU
DSOLFDELOLGDG *yPH]3HQHGRHWDO /DLQFRUSRUDFLyQGHDPEDVPHGLGDVDODSUiFWLFDDVLVWHQFLDOSRGUtD
IDFLOLWDUXQVHJXLPLHQWRGHODHYROXFLyQGHOSDFLHQWH\OD
LGHQWL¿FDFLyQGHFDVRVHQGRQGHHOSURFHVRWHUDSpXWLFR
HVWiIXQFLRQDQGRPiVOHQWRGHORHVSHUDGRQRHVWiSURGXFLHQGRFDPELRVRHVWiOOHYDQGRDXQGHWHULRURGHOSDFLHQWH %RVZHOO.UDXV0LOOHU\/DPEHUW 5HVSHFWRGHODVHYLGHQFLDVJOREDOHVVREUHHOFDPELRHQ
WHUDSLDTXHVXUJHQGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQHPStULFDVLELHQ
UHVXOWDFODURTXHODSVLFRWHUDSLDHVXQDERUGDMHSVLFROyJLFRH¿FD]\HIHFWLYRSDUDWUDWDUSDWRORJtDVPHQWDOHV :DPSROG XQSRUFHQWDMHLPSRUWDQWHGHORVSDFLHQWHVQR
UHVSRQGHDGHFXDGDPHQWHDHVWHDERUGDMHD~Q /DPEHUW
'HHVWDPDQHUDVHREVHUYDXQiUHDGHYDFDQFLD
WDQWRFLHQWt¿FDFRPRFOtQLFDSDUDGDUFXHQWDGHODUD]yQ
SRUODTXHGLFKRVSDFLHQWHVQRREWLHQHQORVHIHFWRVGHVHDGRVDSDUWLUGHXQDWHUDSLD\DVXYH]SDUDLQWHQWDUFDP-
21
EL ESTUDIO DEL CAMBIO EN PSICOTERAPIA: DESAFÍOS CONCEPTUALES Y PROBLEMAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN EMPÍRICA
THE STUDY OF CHANGE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY: CONCEPTUAL CHALLENGES AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ISSUES
Gómez Penedo, Juan M.; Juan, Santiago; Manubens, Rocio T.; Roussos, Andrés J.
ELDUHVDVFRQGLFLRQHVEXVFDQGRSRWHQFLDUORVUHVXOWDGRV
GHHVWRVWUDWDPLHQWRV
Conclusiones
7HQLHQGRHQFXHQWDODKHWHURJHQHLGDGGHORVPHFDQLVPRV
GHFDPELRSURSXHVWRVSRUORVGLIHUHQWHVPDUFRVWHyULFRV
SDUDSRGHUHYDOXDUODHYROXFLyQGHORVSDFLHQWHVSRGUtDVHU
YDOLRVRGHVGHXQSXQWRGHYLVWDFOtQLFRLQFRUSRUDUDOD
SUiFWLFDSVLFRWHUDSpXWLFDQRVRORLQVWUXPHQWRVGHPRQLWRUHR GH ORV UHVXOWDGRV HYROXFLyQ VLQWRPiWLFD IXQFLRQDPLHQWRLQWHUSHUVRQDOFDSDFLGDGODERUDOHWF VLQRWDPELpQGHORVPHFDQLVPRVGHFDPELRKLSRWpWLFRV YHUSRU
HMHPSOR-XDQ\3R]]L 'HHVWDPDQHUDVHSRGUtD
FRQWDUFRQLQIRUPDFLyQUHVSHFWRGHODFRQVHFXFLyQGHORV
REMHWLYRVGHODWHUDSLDSHURWDPELpQGHOSURJUHVRHQDTXHOORVFDPELRVTXHUHSUHVHQWDQHOFDPLQRKDFLDGLFKRVREMHWLYRV 'RVV.UDXVHHWDO 'HVGHOD
SHUVSHFWLYDGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQSLH]DVGHLQIRUPDFLyQGH
HVDQDWXUDOH]DDEULUtDQODSRVLELOLGDGGHUHDOL]DUHVWXGLRV
GHPHGLDFLyQEXVFDQGRYDOLGDUHOUROGHGLFKRVPHFDQLVPRVGHFDPELRKLSRWpWLFRVXQDGHODVSULQFLSDOHVOtQHDV
GHLQYHVWLJDFLyQFOtQLFDHQODDFWXDOLGDG +D\HV 3RURWUDSDUWHGHELGRDODDPSOLDJDPDGHLQVWUXPHQWRV
SDUD PHGLU HO FDPELR \ ORV GHVDItRV SDUD VX VHOHFFLyQ
FRQVLGHUDPRVFRPRXQGHULYDGRGHOUHFRUULGRUHDOL]DGR
ODQHFHVLGDGGHWULDQJXODUHVIXHU]RVGHVGHP~OWLSOHVSHUVSHFWLYDV\PHWRGRORJtDV'DGRTXHQXHVWUDVFRQGLFLRQHV
HQODUHJLyQODWLQRDPHULFDQDQRVREOLJDQDXQDVHOHFFLyQ
PiVSDUVLPRQLRVDGHPHWRGRORJtDVFRQVLGHUDPRVTXHXQ
DSRUWHGHODUHYLVLyQHIHFWXDGDHQHVWHDUWtFXORUDGLFDHQ
D\XGDUDFOtQLFRVHLQYHVWLJDGRUHVORFDOHVHQXQDVHOHFFLyQD¿DQ]DGDHQVXVSUHJXQWDVFLHQWt¿FDV\WHUDSpXWLFDV
\XQDPHMRUDSUHFLDFLyQGHODVOyJLFDVHLQVWUXPHQWRVD
XWLOL]DUSDUDPHGLUHOFDPELR
(QFXDQWRDODVPHWRGRORJtDVHVWDGtVWLFDVSDUDDQDOL]DUHO
FDPELRHQORVSDFLHQWHVHOUHFRUULGRELEOLRJUi¿FRPXHVWUD
ODLPSRUWDQFLDGHODLQFRUSRUDFLyQGHORV~OWLPRVGHVDUUROORVDOUHVSHFWRWDOHVFRPRORVDQiOLVLVGHWUD\HFWRULDV\
DQiOLVLV GH VLJQL¿FDQFLD FOtQLFD /D XWLOL]DFLyQ GH HVWDV
PHWRGRORJtDVQRVRORSRGUtDQSURGXFLUXQDPD\RUUREXVWH]\YDORUFOtQLFRDORVUHVXOWDGRVGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQVLQR
TXHWDPELpQSRGUtDQVHUPX\~WLOHVSDUDVHUDSOLFDGRVHQ
ODFOtQLFD3RUHMHPSORHODQiOLVLV\HVWLPDFLyQGHWUD\HFWRULDVLQGLYLGXDOHVSRGUtDVHUYLUSDUDGDUfeedback DORVWHUDSHXWDVXQUHFXUVRYDOLRVRSDUDDSRUWDULQIRUPDFLyQUHOHYDQWHDORVSURIHVLRQDOHVVREUHHOGHVDUUROORGHODWHUDSLD
%RVZHOOHWDO 'HKHFKRHVWHWUDEDMRGHUHYLVLyQ
VHLQVFULEHHQHOPDUFRGHXQSUR\HFWRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
PiVDPSOLRTXHWLHQHFRPRXQRGHVXVREMHWLYRVHOHVWXGLR
del feedbackDWHUDSHXWDVPHGLDQWHHOPRQLWRUHRGHOD
HYROXFLyQ JHQHUDO GH ORV SDFLHQWHV (O GREOH EHQHILFLR
FLHQWt¿FR\FOtQLFR GHODLQFOXVLyQGHHVWRVPRGHORVGH
DQiOLVLVGHOFDPELRIDYRUHFHUtDXQDPD\RULQWHJUDFLyQGH
ODFOtQLFD\ODLQYHVWLJDFLyQDSDUWLUGHODSRVLELOLGDGGH
GHVDUUROODUSUR\HFWRVFRQMXQWRV/RV\DPHQFLRQDGRVPRGHORV325 &DVWRQJXD\HWDO VHUtDQXQFRQWH[WR
LGHDOHQGRQGHODPHGLFLyQ\HVWLPDFLyQGHOFDPELRPHGLDQWHDERUGDMHVHVWDGtVWLFRVFRPRORVDQiOLVLVGHWUD\HFWRULDVSRGUtDQLPSOLFDUDOPLVPRWLHPSRXQDSRUWHWDQWRD
22
ODFOtQLFDFRPRDODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ(QHVWHVHQWLGRHVWDV
estrategias servirían para ir más allá de trazar puentes
HQWUHHVWDVGRVLQVWDQFLDVKDELWXDOPHQWHHVFLQGLGDVSXGLHQGRIDFLOLWDUODFUHDFLyQGHXQespacio comúnGHWUDEDMR
HLQWHUDFFLyQ &RQVWDQWLQRHWDO (ODUWtFXORGH$UHDV
\FRODERUDGRUHV UHSUHVHQWDXQHMHPSORGHXQWUDEDMRGHHVWDQDWXUDOH]DUHDOL]DGRHQ$UJHQWLQD
3RGHPRVFRQFOXLUTXHODSVLFRWHUDSLDVHSUHVHQWDFRPR
XQWUDWDPLHQWRH¿FD]SDUDSDWRORJtDPHQWDOHVSHURTXHHO
SRUFHQWDMHGHSDFLHQWHVDOTXHDIHFWDSRVLWLYDPHQWHOHMRV
HVWiGHVHUHOLGHDO /DPEHUW &RPRXQDSRVLELOLGDG
SDUDPHMRUDUODVUHVSXHVWDVDODSVLFRWHUDSLDVHUtDYDOLRVR
TXHIXWXUDVOtQHDVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQVHGHGLFDVHQDH[SORUDUTXpSDVDFRQHOSRUFHQWDMHGHSDFLHQWHVTXHQRFDPELDQDSDUWLUGHODWHUDSLDHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQSDWRORJtDV
TXHKDQPRVWUDGRWDVDVGHPHMRUtDJOREDOHVPiVKXPLOGHV
/DPEHUW ¢'LFKRVSDFLHQWHVFXHQWDQFRQFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVSDUWLFXODUHVTXHSRGUtDQOLPLWDUORVHIHFWRVGHOD
WHUDSLD"¢/RVWHUDSHXWDVFRPHWLHURQHUURUHVWpFQLFRVHQ
HVRVSURFHVRV"¢6XFHGLHURQFRVDVDQLYHOUHODFLRQDOTXH
SXGLHUDQH[SOLFDUHVDIDOWDGHp[LWRWHUDSpXWLFR"/DWHVLV
GRFWRUDOGHOSULPHUDXWRUGHHVWHWUDEDMRHVXQHVIXHU]RHQ
ODGLUHFFLyQTXHPDUFDQODVSUHJXQWDVFLHQWt¿FDVPHQFLRQDGDV YHUWDPELpQ2OLYHUDHWDO $PRGRGHUHÀH[LyQ¿QDOFRQVLGHUDPRVTXHHODQiOLVLV\
ODUHYLVLyQHIHFWXDGRVDORODUJRGHHVWHWUDEDMRSXHGHQ
UHSUHVHQWDUXQDSRUWHFOtQLFR~WLOSDUDODUHÀH[LyQHQORV
WHUDSHXWDVUHVSHFWRGHORVREMHWLYRVTXHEXVFDQDOHMHUFHU
XQDWHUDSLD\GHODVIRUPDVDODVTXHDSHODQSDUDHYDOXDUORV$OPLVPRWLHPSRGHVGHXQSXQWRGHYLVWDWHyULFRHO
SUHVHQWHDUWtFXORSXHGHVHUYLUSDUDWUD]DUSXHQWHVHQWUH
GLIHUHQWHVYLVLRQHVGHOFDPELRFUHDQGRPRGHORVGHLQWHUDFFLyQHLQWHJUDFLyQ3RU~OWLPRGHVGHXQiQJXORHPStULFRFUHHPRVTXHHVWHWUDEDMRSRGUtDD\XGDUDIRPHQWDU
HOHVWXGLRVLVWHPiWLFRGHOFDPELRHQSVLFRWHUDSLD\VXV
SURFHVRVDQLYHOORFDOVHQWDQGRODVEDVHVSDUDIXWXUDV
LQYHVWLJDFLRQHVHQODPDWHULD(QGH¿QLWLYDDOLOXVWUDUOD
FRPSOHMLGDG\GHQVLGDGTXHWLHQHHOWHPDGHOFDPELRHQ
SVLFRWHUDSLD\SUHVHQWDUHVWUDWHJLDVSDUDVXHYDOXDFLyQ
EXVFDPRVRIUHFHUXQDEUHYHYLVLyQGHFRQMXQWRTXHSXHGD
VHU~WLODOFOtQLFR\DOLQYHVWLJDGRULQWHJUDEOHWDPELpQDOD
IRUPDFLyQGHJUDGR\DOHQWUHQDPLHQWRGHWHUDSHXWDV
REFERENCIAS
$FXxD') “Evaluación de Ansiedad”. Datos normativos
del Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo en Buenos Aires.
7HVLQDGHJUDGR8QLYHUVLGDGGH%HOJUDQR&LXGDG$XWyQRPD
GH%XHQRV$LUHV$UJHQWLQD
$OWLPLU&.UDXVH0GHOD3DUUD*'DJQLQR37RPLFLF$
9DOGpV1«9LOFKHV2 &OLHQWV¶WKHUDSLVWV¶DQGREVHUYHUV¶ DJUHHPHQW RQ WKH DPRXQW WHPSRUDO ORFDWLRQ DQG
FRQWHQWRISV\FKRWKHUDSHXWLFFKDQJHDQGLWVUHODWLRQWRRXWFRPHPsychotherapy Research, 20±
$UHDV05RXVVRV$+LUVFK++LUVFK3%HFHUUD3*yPH]
3HQHGR-0 Evaluación de un dispositivo de investiJDFLyQRULHQWDGRDODSUiFWLFDHQHOGHVDUUROORGHXQVLVWHPD
de IHHGEDFN en psicoterapia.0DQXVFULWRHQHYDOXDFLyQ
%HFN-6 Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond
QGHG 1HZ<RUN1<7KH*XLOIRUG3UHVV
DE LA PÁGINA 15 A LA 24
FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA - UBA / SECRETARÍA DE INVESTIGACIONES / ANUARIO DE INVESTIGACIONES / VOLUMEN XXIV
%HFN$75XVK-6KDZ%\(PHU\* Cognitive therapy of depression1HZ<RUN1<*XLOIRUG3UHVV
%HFN $7 \ :HLVKDDU 0( &RJQLWLYH WKHUDS\ (Q 5-
&RUVLQL\':HGGLQJ (GV Current psychotherapies WKHG
SS ,WDVFD,/)(3HDFRFN3XEOLVKHUV,QF
*yPH]3HQHGR-00XLxRV5\5RXVVRV$- How to
apply Hierarchical Linear Models for psychotherapy research?
A step-by-step guide to understand, run, and report these
analyses. 0DQXVFULWRHQHYDOXDFLyQ
%HUJLQ$( 7KHHYDOXDWLRQRIWKHUDSHXWLFRXWFRPHV(Q
$(%HUJLQ\6/*DU¿HOG (GV Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change. New York: Wiley
*yPH]3HQHGR-0\5RXVVRV$- ¢&yPRVDEHPRVVL
QXHVWURVSDFLHQWHVPHMRUDQ"&ULWHULRVSDUDODVLJQL¿FDQFLDFOtQLFDHQSVLFRWHUDSLD8QGHEDWHTXHVHUHQXHYDRevista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica, 21,±
%HUQDUGL5 /DHYDOXDFLyQGHORVFDPELRVGHOSDFLHQWH(O
0RGHORGHORV7UHV1LYHOHV /0 5HYLVWDGH3VLFRDQiOLVLV<
Psicoterapia, 4±
*UXSRGHWUDEDMR23' 'LDJQyVWLFRSVLFRGLQiPLFR
operacionalizado (OPD-2).Manual para el diagnóstico, indicaFLyQ\SODQL¿FDFLyQGHODSVLFRWHUDSLD%DUFHORQD+HUGHU
%OHLFKPDU+ La Depresión: Un estudio psicoanalítico%XHQRV$LUHV1XHYD9LVLyQ
+D\HV $) Introduction to mediation, moderation, and
conditional process analysis. 1HZ<RUN1<*XLOIRUG3UHVV
%RVZHOO-).UDXV'50LOOHU6'\/DPEHUW0- ,PSOHPHQWLQJURXWLQHRXWFRPHPRQLWRULQJLQFOLQLFDOSUDFWLFH%HQH¿WV FKDOOHQJHV DQG VROXWLRQV Psychotherapy Research,
25±
&DVWRQJXD\/%DUNKDP0/XW]:\0F$OHDYH\$ 3UDFWLFH2ULHQWHG 5HVHDUFK $SSURDFKHV DQG DSSOLFDWLRQV
(Q 0 - /DPEHUW (G %HUJLQ DQG *DU¿HOGV¶V +DQGERRN RI
Psychotherapy and Behavior Change WD HG SS ± 1HZ-HUVH\:LOH\
-DFREVRQ16\7UXD[3 &OLQLFDOVLJQL¿FDQFHDVWDWLVWLFDO
DSSURDFK WR GH¿QLQJ PHDQLQJIXO FKDQJH LQ SV\FKRWKHUDS\ UHVHDUFKJournal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, ±
-XDQ6*yPH]3HQHGR-0\5RXVVRV$ 3UR\HFWRGH
LQYHVWLJDFLyQ)RFRWHUDSpXWLFR\PHFDQLVPRVGHFDPELRHQ
XQFDVR~QLFRGHSVLFRWHUDSLDSVLFRDQDOtWLFDRevista Diagnosis(QKWWSZZZUHYLVWDGLDJQRVLVRUJDU
-XDQ6\3R]]L$ /DLPSRUWDQFLDGHODQRFLyQGH³SURFHVR´SDUDODSUiFWLFDFOtQLFD\ODLQYHVWLJDFLyQHQSVLFRWHUDSLD
SVLFRDQDOtWLFD Aperturas Psicoanalíticas, 53 'LVSRQLEOH HQ
KWWSZZZDSHUWXUDVRUJ
&DVXOOR 0 \ 3HUH] $ El inventario de síntomas
SCL-90-R de L. Derogatis. )DFXOWDG GH3VLFRORJtD8%$5HFXSHUDGR GH KWWSZZZIXQGDFLRQIRURFRPSGIVLQYHQWDULRGHVLQWRPDVSGI
.HHJDQ( Escritos de psicoterapia cognitiva. %XHQRV$LUHV(XGHED
&LVQHURV)DULDV* Diccionario de frases y aforismos latinos.0p[LFR')8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO$XWyQRPDGH0p[LFR
.HUQEHUJ2 Desórdenes fronterizos y narcisismo patológico%DUFHORQD(GLWRULDO3DLGyV
&RKHQ - Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral
Sciences. +LOOVGDOH1-/DZUHQFH(DUOEDXP$VVRFLDWHV
.LUN 5( 3UDFWLFDO VLJQL¿FDQFH $ &RQFHSW ZKRVH WLPH
KDVFRPHEducational and Psychological Measurement, 56,
±
&RQVWDQWLQR 0- &R\QH $( \ *RPH] 3HQHGR -0 &RQWH[WXDOL]HGLQWHJUDWLRQDVDFRPPRQSOD\LQJ¿HOGIRUFOLQLFLDQV DQG UHVHDUFKHUV &RPPHQW RQ 0F:LOOLDPV. Journal of
Psychotherapy Integration, 27, &RQWUHUDV9DOGH] -$ +HUQiQGH]*X]PiQ / \ )UH\UH 0$
9DOLGH]GHFRQVWUXFWRGHO,QYHQWDULRGH'HSUHVLyQGH
%HFN,,SDUDDGROHVFHQWHVTerapia Psicológica, 33±
'H OD 3DUUD * 3V\FKRWKHUDS\ UHVHDUFK LQ GHYHORSLQJ
FRXQWULHV 7KH FDVH RI /DWLQ $PHULFD Psychotherapy Research, 23,±
'RVV%' &KDQJLQJWKHZD\ZHVWXG\FKDQJHLQSV\FKRWKHUDS\Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11±
)HL[DV*\0LUy07 Aproximaciones a la psicoterapia.
Una introducción a los tratamientos psicológicos.%DUFHORQD
(GLFLRQHV3DLGyV
)LRULQL+ Teoría y Técnica de Psicoterapias. %XHQRV$LUHV
1XHYDYLVLyQ
)UDQNO 9( El hombre en busca de sentido %DUFHORQD
(GLWRULDO+HUGHU
)UHXG 6 (O PpWRGR SVLFRDQDOtWLFR GH )UHXG Obras
Completas%XHQRV$LUHV$PRUURUWX(GLWRUHV9RO9,,
)UHXG 6 D &RQIHUHQFLD /D WHUDSLD DQDOtWLFD
Obras Completas %XHQRV $LUHV $PRUURUWX (GLWRUHV 9RO
;9,
)UHXG6 ,QKLELFLyQVtQWRPD\DQJXVWLDObras Completas%XHQRV$LUHV$PRUURUWX(GLWRUHV9RO;;
)UHXG6 $QiOLVLVWHUPLQDEOHHLQWHUPLQDEOHObras
Completas %XHQRV $LUHV $PRUURUWX (GLWRUHV 9RO ;;,,,
DE LA PÁGINA 15 A LA 24
.QLJKW 52 (YDOXDWLRQ RI WKH UHVXOWV RI SV\FKRDQDO\WLF WKHUDS\
American Journal of Psychiatry, 98,
.UDHPHU+&0RUJDQ*$/HHFK1/*OLQHU-$9DVNH-
- \ +DUPRQ 5- 0HDVXUHV RI &OLQLFDO 6LJQL¿FDQFH
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, 42±
.UDXVH0\$OWLPLU& ,QWURGXFFLyQGHVDUUROORVDFWXDOHV
HQODLQYHVWLJDFLyQGHOSURFHVRSVLFRWHUDSpXWLFREstudios de
Psicologia, 37, ±KWWSGRLRUJ
.UDXVH0$OWLPLU&3pUH]-&\'HOD3DUUD* *HQHULF FKDQJH LQGLFDWRUV LQ WKHUDSHXWLF SURFHVVHV ZLWK GLIIHUHQW
RXWFRPHVPsychotherapy Research, 25±KWWSGRL
RUJ
/DPEHUW0- 7KHHI¿FDF\DQGHIIHFWLYHQHVVRISV\FKRWKHUDS\(Q0-/DPEHUW (G %HUJLQDQG*DU¿HOGV¶V+DQGbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change WD HG SS
± 1HZ-HUVH\:LOH\
0DULVWDQ\0 Problemas en las relaciones interpersonales
y Trastornos de la personalidad. 7HVLVGRFWRUDO8QLYHUVLGDGGH
%HOJUDQR&LXGDG$XWyQRPDGH%XHQRV$LUHV$UJHQWLQD
0F:LOOLDPV1 ,QWHJUDWLYHUHVHDUFKIRULQWHJUDWLYHSUDFWLFH
$SOHDIRUUHVSHFWIXOFROODERUDWLRQDFURVVFOLQLFLDQDQGUHVHDUFKHUUROHVJournal of Psychotherapy Integration, 27±
0LQXFKLQ 6 Families & family therapy &DPEULGJH 0$
+DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVKWWSGRLRUJ
1DWKDQ36WXDUW6\'RODQ6 5HVHDUFKRQSV\FKRWKHUDS\HI¿FDF\DQGHIIHFWLYHQHVV%HWZHHQ6F\OODDQG&KDUU\EGLV,Q$.D]GLQ (G Methodological issues and strategies in
clinical research 7KLUGSS± :DVKLQJWRQ$PHULFDQ
3V\FKRORJLFDO$VVRFLDWLRQ
23
EL ESTUDIO DEL CAMBIO EN PSICOTERAPIA: DESAFÍOS CONCEPTUALES Y PROBLEMAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN EMPÍRICA
THE STUDY OF CHANGE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY: CONCEPTUAL CHALLENGES AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ISSUES
Gómez Penedo, Juan M.; Juan, Santiago; Manubens, Rocio T.; Roussos, Andrés J.
2JOHV %0 0HDVXULQJ FKDQJH LQ SV\FKRWKHUDS\ UHVHDUFK (Q 0- /DPEHUW (G %HUJLQ DQG *DU¿HOGV¶V +DQGbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change WD HG SS
± 1HZ-HUVH\:LOH\
2OLYHUD-%UDXQ0*yPH]3HQHGR-0\5RXVVRV$ $TXDOLWDWLYHLQYHVWLJDWLRQRIIRUPHUFOLHQWV¶SHUFHSWLRQRIFKDQJHUHDVRQVIRUFRQVXOWDWLRQWKHUDSHXWLFUHODWLRQVKLSDQGWHUPLQDWLRQPsychotherapy, 50±
5DPVH\HU ) .XSSHU = &DVSDU ) =QRM + \ 7VFKDFKHU :
7LPHVHULHVSDQHODQDO\VLV 763$ 0XOWLYDULDWHPRGHOLQJRIWHPSRUDODVVRFLDWLRQVLQSV\FKRWKHUDS\SURFHVVJournal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82±KWWS
GRLRUJD
5DXGHQEXVK 6: \ %U\N $6 Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods QGHG 7KRXVDQG2DNV&$6DJH
5RXVVRV$- La inferencia clínica y la elaboración de hipótesis de trabajo de los psicoterapeutas: estudio empírico
PHGLDQWHHOXVRGHWpFQLFDVGHDQiOLVLVGHSURFHVRVWHUDSpXticos. 7HVLVGRFWRUDO8QLYHUVLGDGGH%HOJUDQR&LXGDG$XWyQRPDGH%XHQRV$LUHV$UJHQWLQD
5RXVVRV$-*yPH]3HQHGR-0\0XLxRV5 $WLPH
VHULHVDQDO\VLVRIWKHUDSHXWLFDOOLDQFHLQWHUYHQWLRQVDQGFOLHQW¶V
clinical status in an evidence-based single-case study: EvidenFH IRU HVWDEOLVKLQJ FKDQJH PHFKDQLVPV LQ SV\FKRWKHUDS\
Psychotherapy Research.3XEOLFDFLyQRQOLQHGHDYDQFH'LVSRQLEOHHQKWWSGRLRUJ
24
6PLWK0/\*ODVV*9 0HWD$QDO\VLVRI3V\FKRWKHUDS\
2XWFRPH6WXGLHVAmerican Psychologist, 32,±
6WUXSS++ 7KHRXWFRPHSUREOHPLQSV\FKRWKHUDS\UHYLVLWHGPsychotherapy, 50,
7VFKDFKHU : \ 5DPVH\HU ) 0RGHOLQJ SV\FKRWKHUDS\
SURFHVVE\WLPHVHULHVSDQHODQDO\VLV 763$ Psychotherapy
Research, 19±
9RQ %HUJHQ $ \ 'H OD 3DUUD * 24 &XHVWLRQDULR
SDUD HYDOXDFLyQ GH UHVXOWDGRV \ HYROXFLyQ HQ SVLFRWHUDSLD
DGDSWDFLyQYDOLGDFLyQHLQGLFDFLRQHVSDUDVXDSOLFDFLyQHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQTerapia Psicológica, 20
:DLQVWHLQ0 Intervenciones para el cambio.%XHQRV$LUHV-&(
:DPSROG %( The Great Psychotherapy Debate: Models, Methods, and Findings0DKZDK1-(UOEDXP
:DPSROG %( 3V\FKRWKHUDS\ 7KH KXPDQLVWLF DQG
HIIHFWLYH WUHDWPHQWAmerican Psychologist, 62,±
:DW]ODZLFN3:HDNODQG-+\)LVFK5 Cambio. Formación y solución de los problemas humanos.%DUFHORQD(GLWRULDO+HUGHU
:HLQHU ,% \ ([QHU -( 5RUVFKDFK FKDQJHV LQ ORQJ
WHUP VKRUWWHUP SV\FKRWKHUDS\ Journal of Personality Assessment, 56±
)HFKDGHUHFHSFLyQGHPD\RGH
)HFKDGHDFHSWDFLyQGHRFWXEUHGH
DE LA PÁGINA 15 A LA 24
Descargar