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The Inca Empire
The rise of the Inca Empire began during a battle and would continue for nearly a century. In
1438, the Chanka tribes, invaded Cusco. Pachacuti, the son of the Sapa Inca Viracocha, was the
one who led the defenses of the town to a victory. While Pachacuti ruled, the Inca Empire
continued to grow until it reached the particular Inca state — now called Tawantinsuyu or
“Land of the Four Quarters” —. Pachacuti is believed to possess been the primary Inca emperor
to order forced resettlement to squash the chance of an uprising from one group. Tupac
marched north, conquering a path to the distant northern city of Quito.
Government
Cusco, the government center of the vast empire. He expanded
Sacsahuaman, the huge fortress that guarded the town, and launched into
an expansive irrigation project by channeling rivers and creating intricate
agricultural terraces. Although Tawantinsuyu was comprised of over 100
distinct ethnic groups among its 12 million inhabitants, a well-developed
societal structure kept the empire running smoothly. Most Inca subjects
were self-sufficient farmers who attended corn, potatoes, squash, llamas,
alpacas and dogs, and paid taxes through public labor. There was no
communication, but a sort of the Quechua language became the first
dialect, and knotted cords called quipu were wont to keep track of
historical and accounting records.
Innovations
The Inca are today celebrated for several artistic and cultural achievement,
including their monumental architecture, of which the magnificent fortress
complex Machu Picchu is but one example. Historians believe Machu Picchu was
built at the peak of the Inca Empire. It had been abandoned an estimated 100
years after its construction, probably round the time the Spanish began their
conquest of the mighty pre-Columbian civilization within the 1530s. there's no
evidencie that the conquistadors ever attacked or maybe reached the
mountaintop citadel. The Incas chewed coca leaves with lime and swallowed
the resulting juice, and this allowed them to figure long hours without eating or
drinking.
Religion
Religion influenced a lot in the Inca, even in the governments. They believed that
their ruler, who was called The Sapa Inca, was part god himself. Incas believed that
gods occupied tree different realms: The sky, The inner earth and the Luther earth.
Incas build many temples as attributes to their gods. One of the most important
temples was the Coricancha, built in the city of Cuzco. They also believed in the
afterlife, they were really careful 8n the process of embalming and mummifying the
bodies of the dead. They brought gifts to the dead so they could use it in the
afterlife. They also had festivals, one example could be the festival of the dead, were
the dead emperors were paraded through the streets.
The fall
When Spanish Conquistador, Francisco Pizarro, arrived in 1532, the Incas were fighting
amongst themselves during a fierce war between two sons of the Inca ruler Wayna
Qhapaq. Pizarro persuaded a number of the factions created by civil unrest to show
against their own people, successfully increasing his small army of only 168 men. Even
with reinforcements, however, it still seems incredulous that some hundred could
defeat an empire of 40,000 Inca rulers and over 10 million subjects. Material power
seems to ownfavored the Incas. The Spaniards succeeded, in part, due to their
manipulation of ideological power, or the power to own people readily accept your
agenda, without considering other options. Pizarro correctly discerned that the Inca
people placed an outsizedamount of ideological power on the Inca kings, who were
considered living gods. By ruthlessly, and publicly, killing the Inca king in each region he
conquered.
Referencias
1
History.com Editors. (2022, July 26). Inca.
HISTORY. Retrieved October 4, 2022, from
https://www.history.com/topics/south
america/inca#inca-government
2
Inca Empire for Kids: Mythology and
Religion. (s. f.). Recuperado 26 de octubre
de 2022, de
https://www.ducksters.com/history/inca/my
thology_and_religion.php
3
NCBI - WWW Error Blocked Diagnostic.
(n.d.). Retrieved October 7, 2022, from
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18085109
/
4
Smit, J. L. (2022, January 5). Ancient
Civilization Timeline: The 16 Oldest
Cultures. History Cooperative. Retrieved
October 4, 2022, from
https://historycooperative.org/ancientcivilizations/
5
Study.com | Take Online Courses. Earn
College Credit. Research Schools, Degrees &
Careers. (n.d.). Retrieved October 4, 2022,
from https://study.com/learn/lesson/incanempire-origins-timeline-history.html
6
Utah State University. (2021, July 30). The
Fall of the Incas: A Historical Look at Power
Struggles. USU. Retrieved October 7, 2022,
from https://chass.usu.edu/internationalstudies/aggies-go/news/the-fall-of-theincasUtah
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