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Local govt Sysyem in Pakistan

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LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
SYSTEM OF
PAKISTAN

Local Self Government System in Pakistan:

Conclusion.
 Current Local Govt System introduced in 2013
 Musharaf regime
 Zia-ul- haq’s regime.
 Zulfiqar Bhutto’s regime.
 Ayub’s regime.
 1947 – 1958 period
Introduction about Govt and Local Self Govt

CONTENTS
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
of Govt
• To run the
State
Function Machinary
Government
Local Government
Provincial Government
Federal Government
Tiers of Government in Pakistan
• Administration of local
areas run by appointed
bureaucracy
• Administration of local
areas run by its elective
representatives
Local Govt
Local Self Govt
TYPES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
democracy
is
made
real
in
local
self-
but
without
the
spirit
of
institutions it cannot have the spirit of liberty.
government,
municipal
government. A nation may establish a system of free
because
states there is a great import of the local self-government
local areas run by its elective representatives. In modern
By local self-government, we mean the administration of
WHAT IS LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT?



birth, deaths and marriages)
and disposal of Refuse, infection diseases, registration of
health, responsibility for sanitations, removal, collection
Health Units, Family Welfare Clinics, Promotion of public
Public Health (Hospitals, Rural Health Centres, Basic
trespass, and establishing cattle pounds
Providing protection against stray animals and animal
bridges, street lights and storm water drains
Planning and development and maintenance of roads,
FUNCTIONS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
Fire fighting service
Civil Defence
Slaughter House
Streets (Permission of laying out street and proper




exhibitions etc)
shows
etc,
Culture

and
Trees, Parks, Gardens and Forests

(fairs
Education (Adult / Primary)

Libraries,
museum,
lightening of streets, Traffic Planning, Street Watering)
Water supply and drainage


liquor and other social services)
taking of injurious drugs and consumption of alcoholic
relief of the distressed, Prevention of beggary, gambling,
widow and shelter houses and other institutions for the
Social Welfare (Welfare homes, asylums, orphanages,
Tax on transfer of immovable property
Fee for registration and certificates of birth and death,


Cinemas, dramatic and theatrical shows etc
Vehicles (other than motor vehicle but including carts bi-


cycles and all kinds of boats)
Advertisements including bill board and hoarding

marriages and divorce
Tax on the annual value of buildings and lands

SOURCES OF INCOME OF LOCAL BODIES
Schools fees in respect of schools established or

Fees for licenses, sanctions and permits granted by the

Local Govt
Fees for markets
tournaments and other public gatherings
Fees for fairs, agricultural shows, industrial exhibition,


Rate for the supply of water

maintained by the Local Govt
Tolls on roads, bridges and ferries

Fees for slaughtering of Animals
Parking Fee
Fee on BTS Tower
Fisheries
Any other tax which is levied by Government
Grants by Provincial / Federal Govt, if any










Through Local Self Govt there is a great saving of money
in the administration, because the people of local areas
pay the taxes and their representatives know well how
difficult it is to pay taxes. Thus there is no misuse of the
taxes
It brings efficiency in the administration because the
representative of local areas understand local problems
well and they can solve them in a better way
People get interested in the administration and their
cooperation is increased
People get training in democracy. That is why it is called
the primary school of democracy
ADVANTAGES OF LOCAL SELF GOVT


and reading rooms, museums, zoos and beautiful parks etc
water, clean roads and streets, good drains, good libraries
The local bodies are useful because they provide drinking
overburdened with work
provincial government, because, the latter is already
efficiently performed by the local institutions and not by
entrusting work to local bodies. The local functions are
The workload of the provincial government is lightened by
LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN
PAKISTAN


After independence, the policy of the Pakistan Govt in
regard to local govt was that fullest autonomy shall be
granted to such bodies; this was borne out by the 1948
Muslim League Manifesto which stood for the ‘very widest
extension of Local Govt on the models of parishes and
communes of the United States’.
The system of local government inherited by Pakistan in
1947 was a product of a series of British efforts made from
time to time through reforms, laws and commissions, to
promote local institutions autonomous in certain respects
but substantially under the control of the provincial
government through district officers.
LOCAL GOVT IN PAKISTAN (1947 – 1958)

no
appreciable
1959
made until the promulgation of Basic Democracies Order in
Pakistan’s existence and no noteworthy advance was
continued to prevail throughout the first decade of
made
The above state of affairs more or less
Pakistan
progress.
West
in
institutions
Despite these steps and prompt action taken, the local govt
Ordinance,
1959
and
the
Municipal
the Government and had these officials as Chairmen.
elected members and some official members nominated by
had some members elected indirectly by these directly
amongst themselves. The higher tiers of local government
of adult franchise who, in turn, elected a chairman from
union councils, comprised of members elected on the basis
system of four linked tiers. The lowest tier, which was the
Administration Ordinance 1960, comprised a hierarchical
Democracies
The new local governments, established under the Basic
THE AYUB PERIOD: DECENTRALIZATION AND THE
POLITICS OF LEGITIMACY
Divisional
Councils
(18)
Municipal
Committees
(118)
Union
Committees
(449)
Cantt
Boards (25)
Union
Committees
(77)
District
Councils
(81)
Local Govt
in Ayub’s
Regime
Town
Committees
(261)
Union
Councils
(7577)
Tehsil
Councils
(617)
STRUCTURE OF BASIC DEMOCRACY


autonomy is the corner stone of local govt.
that is to say that they did not adhere to the concept that
its authors tried to shape it against the fundamental laws
To sum up, the Basic Democracies scheme failed because
and the members of national and provincial assemblies.
Electoral College and empowered to elect the President
lowest tier, the Union Councilors, were designated as the
included in constitutions of 1962 was that members of the
The most important and controversial function which was
BASIC DEMOCRACIES (BD)
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
ZULFIQAR ALI BHUTTO AND
ZIA’S REGIME
political strings.
government were set up on their own account and had no
local to all provinces. In the new order institutions of local
introduced. In the law order each province passed its own
to power, the concept of People’s Local Government was
When Pakistan People’s Party with Zulfiqar Bhutto came
ZULFIQAR ALI BHUTTO’S REGIME
Municipal Corporation
Municipal Committee
Town Committee
District Council
Halqa Council
Dehi Council
Local Govt
STRUCTURE OF PEOPLE’S LOCAL GOVT SYSTEM
Government system during the period 1971 to 1979.
implemented. The country did not have any Local
not constituted under the new law, these reforms were not
never held under the new law, and the local councils were
in the field of local government. But as elections were
to be invited. The new law introduced some useful reforms
required to hold meeting once a year to which votes were
and workers on the local councils. The local councils were
It provided representation for minorities, women, peasants
there to suit local circumstances.
the same pattern, but slight variations were made here and
promulgated and enforced in 1979. These laws followed
Area, Northern Areas, and Azad Kashmir. These laws were
government laws were drafted for each province, Federal
government. In undertaking of this policy new local
declared in clear terms their policy of revitalizing local
The new Martial Law Government of General Zia-ul- Haq
THE ZIA AND POST-ZIA PERIOD
•
•
•
Provision of Municipal Services Primary Objective
Local Governments Given Little Financial Power
–
–
and Prolonged Customs Politics and Elite Capture
Non-Party Basis of Elections Curtailed Power of Parties,
No Constitutional Protection Given to Elected Bodies
–
Implemented Bhutto’s LGOs
of Quasi-Presidential Government
Centralization Reinforced Through Direct Military Control
Town
Committee
(270)
Wards
(3568)
Municipal
Committee
(117)
Wards
(2694)
Municipal
Corporation
(11)
Wards (836)
Urban
Metropolitan
Corporation
(2)
Wards (219)
Provincial
Govt
Union Councils
(3786)
Wards (61292)
Distt Council
(86)
Wards (3373)
Rural
STRUCTURE OF LOCAL GOVT DURING ZIA’S REGIME
•
•
•
•
Strong Rural Elites for Resources
Competition between Urban Middle Class and Numerically
Administrative Tier for Financial Support
Rural and semi-Urban Areas Dependent on Provincial
Rural or semi-Urban Areas
Urban Councils Under No Obligation To Provide Funds to
Income than Rural and semi-Urban Ones
Urban Councils Enjoyed Higher Levels of Revenue and
•
•
•
Factions
Space Left by Parties Filled by Fluid Local Political
of Politics Due to Weakened Parties
Revival of Party Basis (1988) Did Not Reverse Localization
Politics at all Levels
Non-Party Based Elections in 1985 Created Localization of
Local Govt in Musharaf’s regime
DEVOLUTION OF POWER
PLAN - 2001
Union Nazim, and Naib Union Nazim during 2000 to 2001.
were held in five phases for members of Union Councils,
holding of elections. Direct elections on non-party basis
Government was installed on August 14, 2001, after
experiment in Pakistan. This new system of Local
Local Government System. This was not a new
regime of General Pervez Musharaf, introduced the
In order to establish democracy at grassroots level, the
MUSHARAF’S REGIME
Decentralization of Administrative authority
De-concentration of management functions
Defusion of the power - authority nexus and
Distribution of resources




The Local Govt was based on five ground rules:-

Devolution of Political Power
It was implemented in September 2001


Introduced by General Pervaiz Musharraf in Jan 2001

THE NEW DEVOLUTION OF POWER
PLAN
UNION
GOVERNMENT
TEHSIL
GOVERNMENT
DISTRICT
GOVERNMENT
DIFFERENT LEVELS
•
•
•
•
The lowest tier, the union government was a corporate
body covering the rural as well as urban areas across the
whole District
It consisted of Union Nazim, Naib Union Nazim and three
Secretaries and other auxiliary staff
The Union Nazim was the head of Union Administration.
The Union Secretaries coordinated and facilitated in
community development, functioning of the Union
Committees and delivery of municipal services under the
supervision of union Nazim
In addition to fiscal transfers from the Provinces, the Local
Govt were authorized to generate money from their own
resources by levying certain taxes, fees, user charges etc
UNION GOVERNMENT
•
•
•
district, Tehsil and lower levels.
numerous other subjects at the regional, divisional,
the offices of the local govt and rural development and
function of administration, finances, the management of
The Tehsil Municipal Administration was entrusted with the
Officers and other officials.
Nazim, a Tehsil Municipal Officer, Tehsil Officer, Chief
Tehsil Municipal Administration consisted of a Tehsil
Administration, headed by the Tehsil Nazim
The middle tier, the Tehsil Govt, had Tehsil Municipal
TEHSIL GOVERNMENT
•
•
•
•
•
The District Government consisted of Zila Nazim and
District Administration
The District Administration consisted of District Officers
including sub-offices at Tehsil level, who were to be
responsible to the District Nazim assisted by the District
Coordinator Officer
The District Coordinator Officer was appointed by the
Provincial Govt and was the coordinating head of the
District Administration
The Zila Nazim was accountable to the people through
elected members of the Zila Council. A Zila Council was
consisted of all Union Nazims in the Districts. The Zila
Council has separate budget allocation
The District Govt was responsible to the people and
Provincial Govt for improvement of Governance and
delivery of services
DISTRICT GOVERNMENT
for
women.
The
offices
of
Division
(DCO) who reported to the Nazims.
(Nazims) and including a District Coordination Officer
to the District Government headed by the elected mayor
abolished and their roles and functions were distributed
Commissioner and District Commissioner (DC) were
reserved
was lowered from 21 to 18 years. One-third seats were
politics, the minimum age for local government elections
Nazim. In order to attract people towards electoral
Zila Nazim and also for Tehsil-Town Nazim and Naib
were held in July-August 2001 for Zila Nazim and Naib
On the basis of these direct elections, indirect elections
Nazims.
responsibility of law and order was entrusted to the
oversight formerly held by the DC was abolished and the
given to the judiciary and police. The role of police
The magisterial powers of the DC were withdrawn and
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
SYSTEM - 2013

accordance
with
the
18th
Amendment
to
the
passage of the LG Acts is a significant milestone.
and due consultation during the formulation stage, the
passed their LG Acts in 2013. Despite a lack of enthusiasm,
assemblies of Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
passed the LG Act in 2010, whereas the provincial
Constitution, the provincial assembly of Balochistan
In
ANALYSIS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ACTS OF 2013

Minister of the province.
Fund is managed by the Finance Department and Finance
government. The functioning of the Local Government
suspend or remove the heads of an elected local
four provincial governments have retained the authority to
functions and powers to the local governments, and all
the LGO 2001, is that none of the Acts devolves sufficient
One striking feature of all four LG Acts, in comparison with

areas.
rural areas and Neighbourhood Councils in the urban
provides for Tehsil Councils and Village Councils in the
the urban areas. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa LG Act also
Union Councils/Committees and Municipal Committees in
Union Councils and District Councils in the rural areas and
a party basis. Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan will have
All four LG Acts provide for local government elections on
STRUCTURE AND CONSTITUENCY DELIMITATION


the general and reserved seats.
of Union Council from a panel of nine Councilors elected to
envisages indirect election of Chairman and Vice-Chairman
Vice-Chairmen of the Union Councils, whereas Sindh
provides for direct elections for the posts of Chairmen and
The electoral process also varies across provinces. Punjab
Pakhtunkhwa of three years.
years, Sindh and Balochistan of four years, and Khyber
of the local governments. Punjab provides for a term of five
The LG Acts of 2013 are not consistent on the term limits
TERM LIMITS AND THE ELECTORAL PROCESS



and
Neighbourhood
Councils.
In
Khyber
number of seats won.
representation by the political parties on the basis of the
youth and minorities will be filled through proportional
Pakhtunkhwa, the reserved seats for women, peasants,
Village
members for all seats (reserved and non-reserved) in the
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provides for direct elections of
comprising all members of the respective council.
will be chosen indirectly through an electoral college
In both Punjab and Sindh, the heads of District Councils
SINDH LOCAL GOVT ACT - 2013
Union Committee (Ward level)
Town Committee (For each Town comprising of
single ward)
Municipal Committees (for each municipality
comprising of single member ward)
Municipal Corporation (for each city comprising
of union committees)
Distt Municipal Corporation (for each distt of
the Metropolitan city)
Union Council
District Council
Rural Area in a District
Metropolitan Corporation (for each Metropolitan
city)
Urban Area in a District
Structure of Local Govt in Sindh (2015)
Population Required
Population above 3.5 Million
Population between 0.3 Million to 3.5
Million
Population between 50,000 to 0.3 million
Population between 10,000 to 50,000
Population between 10,000 to 15,000
Population between 10,000 to 15,000
Population between 40,000 to 50,000
Population between 2000 to 3000
Population between 4000 to 5000
Local Body
Metropolitan Corporations
Corporations, other then Metropolitan
Corporation
Municipal Corporation
Town Committees
Union Council
Union Committee in Municipal
Corporation
Union Committee in Metropolitan
Corporation
Ward in a Town Committee
Ward in a Municipal Committee
LOCAL GOVT IN SINDH (2015)



fall
within
Karachi’s
six
district
municipal
21, 44 and 37 union councils have been carved out
Karachi division, will have district councils as well where
The three districts, along with 19 other districts and
20 union committees, respectively.
Sukkur and Larkana — have been notified with 96, 26 and
Three more municipal corporations — of Hyderabad,
(KDC), respectively.
corporations (DMCs) and the Karachi District Council
councils
the province. Of them, 213 union committees and 22 union
Total of 355 union committees and 1,131 union councils in
DEMARCATIONS FOR THE LOCAL BODIES
ELECTIONS


peasants/labourers
one each would be allocated for women, minorities and
would be contesting on four general councillor seats while
be joint candidates from a party or a group. Candidates
with the chairperson and vice-chairperson are required to
Each union council and committee will have nine seats
designated as ‘urban neighbourhoods’.
144 town committees functioning in many districts
elsewhere, there would be 37 municipal committees and
apart from six DMCs. With three municipal corporations
Karachi is the only city with a metropolitan corporation
DEMARCATIONS FOR THE LOCAL BODIES
ELECTIONS
1 x NonMuslim
Member
4 x General
members
Union
Committee
A Chairman
and a Vice
Chairman
as join
candidate
1 x labourer
or Peasant
Member
1 x Woman
Member
Corporation
Municipal
in respective Distt
Union Committee
represent the
Vice Chairman will
Corporation and
in Metropolitan
Union Committee
will represent the
Union Committee
Chairman of each
UNION COMMITTEE – WARD LEVEL
22% Women
5% for labourer
or Peasant
District
Municipal
Corporation
All elected Vice
Chairman of
Union
Committees
falling within
the District
5% NonMuslim
show of hands)
members elected (by
from amongst its
Chairman respectively
Chairman and a Vice
constituted shall elect a
Corporation so
The District Municipal
DISTRICT MUNICIPAL CORPORATION
IN 6 X DISTRICTS OF KARACHI
22% Women
5% for
labourer or
Peasant
Metropolitan
Corporation
(Karachi
Division)
All elected
Chairman of
Union
Committees
falling within
the District
5% NonMuslim
(by show of hands)
members elected
amongst its
Deputy Mayor from
elect a Mayor and a
constituted shall
Corporation so
The Metropolitan
METROPOLITAN CORPORATION (KARACHI DIVISION)
1 x NonMuslim
Member
4 x General
Members
1 x Member
to be elected
directly for
the Distt
Council
Union
Council
A Chairman
and a Vice
Chairman as
joiin
candidates
1 x Labourer
or Peasant
Member
1 x Women
member
UNION COUNCIL
Reserved
seats 22%
for Women
Reserved
seats 5%
for NonMuslim
District
Council
Members
elected by
the Union
Councils
Reserved
seats 5%
for
Labourer
or Peasant
DISTRICT COUNCIL
(by show of hands)
members elected
amongst its
Chairman from
and a Vice
elect a Chairman
constituted shall
Council so
The District
Reserved
seats 22%
for Women
Reserved
seats 5%
for NonMuslim
Municipal
Corporation
Members
elected by
the Union
Committees
Reserved
seats 5%
for
Labourer or
Peasant
MUNICIPAL CORPORATION
(by show of hands)
members elected
amongst its
Deputy Mayor from
elect a Mayor and a
constituted shall
Corporation so
The Municipal
Reserved
seats 22%
for Women
Reserved
seats 5% for
Non-Muslim
Municipal
Committee
Each
Member
elected from
its
respective
wards
Reserved
seats 5% for
Labourer or
Peasant
MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE
(by show of hands)
members elected
amongst its
Chairman from
and a Vice
elect a Chairman
constituted shall
Committee so
The Municipal
Reserved
seats 22%
for Women
Reserved
seats 5% for
Non-Muslim
Town
Committee
Each
Member
elected from
its
respective
wards
Reserved
seats 5% for
Labourer or
Peasant
TOWN COMMITTEE
(by show of hands)
members elected
amongst its
Chairman from
and a Vice
elect a Chairman
constituted shall
Committee so
The Town
CONCLUSION
governments,
local
government
is
more
needs.
Therefore,
local
government
should
be
United States and other developed countries.
own experiences and aspirations. That is what happens in
developed and evolved by the local people according to their
local
accessible, more sympathetic, and quicker to respond to
provincial
The experience has shown in comparison to federal and
CONCLUSION
and immediate justice
to be created and existing one strengthened to provide cheap
the system of devolution, new local judicial institutions have
affairs. Since effective lower judiciary is an important part of
resources is not likely to enable the people to run their own
governments to raise and manage funds from their own
collect revenues. Devolution without enabling the local
tiers of governance. They must have the power to levy and
beneficial interaction and participation of the masses in all
real democracy in the country and a more active and
better provision of social and civil services, restoration of the
Decentralization of power at the grass roots level leads to
CONCLUSION
William Lyon Mackenzie King
Where there is little or no public opinion,
there is likely to be bad government,
which sooner or later becomes
autocratic government.
QUOTE OF THE DAY
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