S.W.A. Gunn MD, MS, FRCS(C) (auth.) - Multilingual Dictionary Of Disaster Medicine And International Relief English, Français, Español-Springer Netherlands (1989)

MULTILINGUAL DICTIONARY OF
DISASTER MEDICINE AND INTERNATIONAL RELIEF
Dictionnaire de Medecine des Catastrophes et des Secours Internationaux
Diccionario de Medicina de Catastrofes y de Socorros Internacionales
MULTILINGUAL DICTIONARY
OF
DISASTER MEDICINE
AND
INTERNATIONAL RELIEF
English, Fran9ais, Espanol,
~f
by
s. W. A. GUNN,
MD, MS, FRCS(C)
Scientific Director, Vice-President,
European Centre for Disaster Medicine
Consultant to the United Nations
Formerly Head, Emergency Relief Operations,
World Health Organization
Foreword by the
United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator
Kluwer Academic Publishers
Dordrecht / Boston / London
Library of Congress Cataloging In Publication Data
Gunn, Sisvan Willia~ Aram, 1926Disaster medicine and international relief: multilingual
dictionary: English, Fran~als, Espanol, (Arabic) / by S.W.A. Gunn.
p.
CI.
ISBN-13: 978-0-7923-2256-6
1. Disaster ~edlclne--Dictlonarles--Polyglot. 2. Disaster relief-Dictionaries--Polyglot. 3, Dictionaries, Polyglot.
I. Title.
RC86.7.G86 1988
362,1'8'03--dc19
88-24071
CIP
ISBN-13: 978-0-7923-2256-6
e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-2486-4
DO I: 10.1007/978-94-009-2486-4
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers.
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes
of D. Reidel, Maninus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press.
Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada
by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A.
In all other countries, sold and distributed
by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group,
P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1990 by Kluwer Academic Publishers
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice
may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording
or by any information storage and retrieval system. without
written permission from the copyright owner.
This book is dedicated to
all those who suffer from disasters
and those who bring succour in disasters
CONTENTS
Foreword.
Introductory note
Acknowledgements .
SECTION 1. ENGLISH
Part I: Dictionary (English, French, Spanish, Arabic)
Part II: Units and measures .
Part III: Acronyms and abbreviations
SECTION 2. FRAN<;AIS, FRENCH . . .
Premiere partie: Dictionnaire franc;ais-anglais
Deuxieme partie: U ni tes de mesure
Troisieme partie: Sigles et abreviations
SECTION 3. ESPANOL, SPANISH
Parte I: Diccionario Espafiol-Ingles
Parte II: Unidades de medida
Parte III: Siglas y abreviaturas
IX
xi
xiii
1
3
93
99
123
125
141
143
147
149
165
167
171
FOREWORD
In recent decades natural, technological and other disasters have been increasing
in frequency and magnitude, and the involvement of international organizations
and professionals from different disciplines has been growing in parallel.
By definition major emergencies call for outside aid and often international
assistance. The many agencies and individual helpers from different countries,
different languages and different specialties converge on the stricken site with the
sole object of helping the victims, who are themselves of a different background and
language. Communication among these people and a certain understanding of the
varying terminology of the many professions and activities therefore become
paramount if the difficulties of the disaster situation are not to be compounded with
difficulties of communication. A common ground for understanding between
doctors, engineers, meteorologists, nurses, nutritionists, planners, government
officials, transport personnel and the many other workers involved in disaster
preparedness, relief and rehabilitation is therefore indispensable.
It is to this end that this multilingual, multidisciplinary Dictionary serves as an
invaluable tool for the disaster manager, whatever his background and wherever
he may be called upon to work. A precursor in Disaster Medicine, Dr. William
Gunn has conducted numerous emergency missions for the United Nations and
other agencies, and this Dictionary has been tested in the field and in training
courses over many years. Thus, more than mere definitions, the several hundred
terms clearly defined here in fact establish the standard vocabulary of disaster
management in key languages and will be of great help to all those involved in
emergency humanitarian endeavours. The UN General Assembly has declared the
1990s as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction; this book is a
most valuable contribution to that initiative and to the tasks of all those who strive
to lighten the burden of disasters.
M. Essaafi
U nder-Secretary-General
United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
This book is divided into four language Sections - English, French, Spanish and
Arabic. Each Section is subdivided into three Parts - Dictionary, Units and
measures and Acronyms and abbreviations.
The English Section constitutes the main body of the work, each entry being
defined and its equivalent given in French, Spanish and Arabic. The terms are then
listed alphabetically in the other languages, and their synonyms given in English,
with direct cross-reference to the definition.
The following abbreviations are used:
Syn. : this term has a synonym, which is also defined;
Cf.:
compare with or see the term mentioned;
Symb.: symbol.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I wish to thank Dr. Sami Gerges (Egypt), Mr. Keith Jones (United Kingdom),
Mrs. Colette Murcia (France), Mr. Francis Parakatil (Switzerland) and Mrs. Sylvia
Pavel (Canada) for their valuable assistance in the various stages of preparation of
this book.
For the French section I am indebted to Mr. Hubert Joly, Secretary-General of
the Conseil International de la Langue Fran!;aise, Paris, who also kindly gave
permission to reproduce the pioneering Dictionnaire in this new discipline. The
Arabic section is due to the expert collaboration of my friend Dr. A. M. Aly,
formerly Chief of the Office of language services, World Health Organization. The
Spanish section is based on the painstaking contribution of Mr. Alejandro Sancho,
translator in the United Nations system. May these exceptional linguists be assured
of my gratitude for making this multilingual dictionary possible. My warm appreciation also goes to my wife Jean, for the meticulous documentation, so essential to
such a multidisciplinary compilation.
For the terminology of conflict disasters I am thankful to my colleagues on the
Greater London Area War Risk Study Commission and the WHO Management
Group on the Effects of Nuclear War on Health and Health Services. Working with
them on such humanitarian problems has been most gratifying.
Under-Secretary-General M'Hamed Essaafi, United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator, has honoured this work with his generous Foreword. With my warmest
thanks I should like to record my personal satisfaction at having collaborated with
him over many years in our common struggle against disasters.
1261 Bogis- Bossey
Switzerland
S.W.A.G.
Erratum
Page 68: Richter scale. Fifth dash:
delete "The amplitude is three times that of 3".
Page Ill: ISO. To read:
International Organization for Standardization.
Book Gunn:
"Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief".
ISBN 0-89838-409-5
SECTION I: ENGLISH
Multilingual Dictionary of
Disaster Medicine and International Relief
by S. W.A. GUNN
PART I
DICTIONARY
English, French, Spanish, Arabic
PART II
UNITS AND MEASURES
PART III
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIA nONS
PART I
DICTIONARY
English, French, Spanish, Arabic
A
Adjustment of a living organism to a
new climatic environment other than
that to which it has been accustomed.
A-bomb (bombe-A; bomba-A; ~> a:.;).
Syn: atomic bomb, atom bomb.
Aborigine
(aborigene.
aborigen.
y
L..:>i
of)) ).
Acculturation (acculturation; aculturacion; .j..iL:;).
Process by which a human society
assimilates or adopts part or all of the
customs, beliefs and cultural values of
another society. Also refers to the
results of such assimilation.
Cf. absorption, assimilation.
the indigenous or original living people
(and fauna and flora) of a particular
geographical region, before the arrival
of colonists.
In Australia, the designation of the
original people of that continent.
Cf. absorption, acculturation, ethnic
group.
Acid rain (pluie acide .. llul'ia acida ..
Absorbed dose (dose absorbee; dosis
absorb ida ; <......:.J.I <&',}-I).
The quantity of a substance (drug,
pollutant) or energy (ionizing radiation) received during a given time by a
person, group or environment.
Cf. ionizing radiation, nuclear energy,
pollutant, retained dose, gray (units).
Absorption
(assimilation;
~)u).
Sulphuric acid (H 2 S0 4 ) in the atmosphere, formed by the combination of
sulphur trioxide with water, resulting in
a relatively stable mist of acid droplets.
In excessive concentrations in the air
it increases the acidity of the soil and
disturbs the pH causing agricultural
and ecological damage.
Cf. air pollution, transboundary pollution.
absorcion;
,_:",1..a:,..1 ).
I. Social: The process by which an
individual is assimilated by a community, system or society, resulting in
changes in the absorbed individual but
not in the absorbing system. Example:
Cultural absorption.
Cf. acculturation.
2. Biological: Cf. assimilation.
Acaricide (acaricide; acaricida; . ) I)! I
~I~).
Syn: miticide.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (syndrome immunodejicitaire acquis .. sindrome de inmunodejiciencia adquirida ..
~I ....f'LlI j".J1 .....j)\.:..).
A highly infectious disease of pandemic
proportions, caused by the HIV virus.
A person who has the virus is a carrier
and can infect others. Spread is by
sexual intercourse, by contaminated
needles and syringes, transfusions of
infected blood, by an infected mother
to her unborn child. Spread is unlikely
...\....0
Acclimatization (acclimatation; aclimatacion; ;....1;'1).
3
Activity
Afforestation (boisement; repoblacion forestal; J~).
The policy and process of establishing
a forest in a previously non-forested
area.
Cf. reforestation, deforestation, forestation.
through daily social contact, such as
shaking hands.
Note: Non-infective immune deficiency can also be acquired from
radiation.
Syn: AIDS.
Cf. HIV, immunodeficiency.
African
meil;
.j.)\tl
. Cf.
ness.
Activity (actil'ite nucleaire; actil'idad
nuclear; .\.l:..;).
The spontaneous emission of alpha,
beta or sometimes gamma rays from
the disintegration of the nuclei of atoms
per second. The unit of radioactivity is
the becquerel (8q).
Cf. becquerel, nuclide, radioactivity.
nuclear activity.
trypanosomiasis (maladie du somtripanosomiasis africana;
':-~I ,I~).
trypanosomiasis, sleeping sick-
Age profile (pyramide des ages; perfil por
edades; .,;.,J-I ~.;JI).
Graphical representation of the statistical composition of a population, during
a given period, by the juxtaposition of
histograms representing the age distribution by sex.
Acute respiratory disease (infection aigue
des I'oies respiratoires; enfermedad respiratoria aguda; ~l> ~ ~"'J').
Term that refers to several acute. mild
to severe infections of the respiratory
tract. caused by a variety of viruses and
bacteria. It ranges from the common
cold to influenza, bronchitis, even fatal
pneumonia. A major cause of illness
and mortality in disaster situations.
Cf. infection.
Aggressiveness (agressil'i!e; agresil'idad;
~~..I.>- ).
A hostile position, act, or threat.
usually unprovoked, to establish dominance, or to protect territory, the
family group or offspring.
Aid (donation; ayuda, donacion; .2y).
Free material or financial assistance
or other support given to an organization, community or country.
Syn: assistance.
Cf. donor.
Adaptation (adaptation; adaptacion; ~j')\;).
The process and the result of physical,
biological and psychological changes
of an organism or a population in
order to adjust to given environmental conditions.
Cf. Degree of adaptability, environment, society.
AIDS (SIDA·; SIDA;
;J.:.~\).
Acronymic name given to acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome. Usually
written in capit'll letters, less often as
Aids. Caused by the HIV virus.
Syn: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Cf. immunodeficiency. HIV virus.
Ad,·ectin thunderstorm (orage d 'adl'ection; tormenta por adreccion;
~'I 4..:~; ~1~).
Thunderstorm arising from the instability produced by the advection of cold
air in the upper levels,. or of warm air
at lower levels. or by the combination
of both.
Air mass thunderstorm (orage de masse
d'air; tormenta de masa de aire;
~\.u <:..1.>-; ........ ~).
Thunderstorm which arises within an
4
Animism
with occasionally liver complications. It
is associated with hot climates, poor
sanitation and faecal contamination
of water. Disaster conditions, with
overcrowding, increase the spread of
amoebiasis.
Cf. dysentery, enteric diseases.
unstable air mass and which is not
caused by the passage of a front.
Cf. thunderstorm.
Air pollution (pollution atmosphhique,
contaminaciim atmosjerica, .~I u};).
Presence of considerable quantities of
gaseous, liquid or solid contaminants in
the atmosphere and liable to be harmful
to animal, vegetable and human life.
Cf. atmosphere, pollutant, contamination, atmospheric pollution.
Amplitude tidal range (amplitude d'une
onde de maree, carrera (amplitud) de
La marea, J)-~ ..ul -sl1.; ....... ).
The difference between the height of
the mean level and the maximum or
minimum height of the water in the
partial movement caused by the wave.
Syn: tidal range.
Cf. tide, tidal scale (units).
Allergen (allergene, alergeno, Ul).
Any substance such as pollen, toxin,
drug or food that can act as an antigen
and induce an allergic reaction in an
organism.
Cf. allergy.
Anaemia (anemie, anemia, r..lll}i).
Diminution of the quantity of red
cells and functional haemoglobin of
the blood, which may be due to multiple causes: malaria, haemolysis, sickle
cell anaemia, hookworm, bleeding, iron
and other nutritional deficiencies. Widespread. A major problem in pregnant
women.
(Also anemia).
Allergy (allergie, alergia, ~)).
The hyper-reaction or pathological response of certain organisms to a given
allergen.
Cf. allergen.
Alluvium (alluvion, aluviim, ~).
Debris, soil and particles resulting from
erosion transported and deposited by
a stream or by the sea.
Syn: alluvial deposit.
Ankylostomiasis (ankylostomiase, anquilostomiasis, ~I 01..\;..ll1 .I~).
A debilitating parasitic disease of the
intestinal tract caused by two kinds
of hookworm, especially prevalent in
tropical and subtropical areas. Gives
pharyngeal and laryngeal manifestations and a major cause of anaemia.
Spread by plantar exposure, it can
be individually prevented by wearing
shoes.
Cf. enteric diseases.
Alternative technology (technologie alternative, tecnologia alternativa,
~-',.il ~)~I).
Technology that, as an alternative to
resource-intensive and wasteful industry, aims to utilize resources sparingly, with minimum damage to the
environment, at affordable cost and
with a possible degree of control over
the processes.
Cf. TCDC, (CTPD), appropriate
technology.
Animism (animisme, animismo,
,-:,~))I ..,....l..).
A belief that objects, phenomena and
happenings in nature, such as trees,
gales, earthquakes, have a spirit and
conscious life. In some cultures and
Amoebiasis (amibiase, amebiasis,
ul:-:.o\rl .I~).
A parasitic disease of the intestinal tract
due to Entameba Histolytica dysentery
5
Antenatal
Cr. cyclone, atmospheric pressure,
wind.
primitive beliefs animism is used to
explain natural disasters and other
ca tastrophes.
Cr. natural disaster.
Antigen (anligene, anligena, J...,.:i.:.....).
Biological substance in the blood capable of stimulating the formation of
antibodies.
Cr. antibody, vaccination.
Antenatal (prhwlal. prellalal,
i))'"JI
j,.i l,.).
Before birth; during gestation. Special
clinics are conducted for the care of
expectant mothers. Mother and child
are particularly at risk in disaster
situations.
Appeal (appel, lIamamienlo, '.;1.;.;....1 •• I,J.;).
A request by a governmental or nongovernmental organization to a government or the public for financial
support to a charitable or humanitarian cause, or to counter a disaster.
Cr. declaration of disaster.
Anthrax (anlhrax, charhan .. (mlraX,
~I i.,..)-I).
A contagious disease of animals caused
by Bacillus af1lhracis, infrequently transmitted to man through contact, ingestion or inhalation. Infection renders
immunity.
Cr. zoonosis.
Appropriate technology (technologie appropriee, leenalogia apropiada,
';')\].I ~},sJI).
Techniques, knowledge, methods. procedures and equipment that are adapted
to local needs, acceptable to those
who use them and to those for whom
they are used, scientifically valid yet
uncomplicated, which can be maintained and utilized with the resources
the country or community can afford.
Cr. alternative technology, technology transfer, TCDC.
Anthropic erosion (erosion anlhropique,
erasi6n anlr6pica,.rJ1 ~ -:,.,tj).
Land erosion caused or accelerated by
excessive clearing or grazing, with destruction of the surface vegetation,
which leads to the degradation of the
upper layers of the soil.
Cf, man-made disaster, erosion, desertification.
Antibody (anlicorps, anlicuerpo,
Aquiculture (aquacullure, acuacu{lura,
r ...l....O
:l,.
'"
y
I .. I)
___ )r'"
.
The production of aquatic plants or
animals in a marine or fresh water
environment for commercial purposes.
Syn: aquaculture.
)L,.a.. ).
An immunoglobulin serum protein in
the body that binds with a specific
antigen and confers protection against
it.
Archipelago (arc/7ipel, archipidago, ..k.>-).
A group of islands. Example, the
Archipelago of the Azores.
Cr. antigen, vaccination.
Anticyclone (anlicyclone, anlicic/iin,
)L,.a.. )l.,as.~).
Ariboflavinosis (arihofial'inose, arrihofial'iIlO.lis, .:.o;-iJ\.i ",,)I jy).
Syn: Vitamin B2 deficiency.
An atmospheric zone of relatively
high pressure, normally characterized
by fine weather and freak winds. It
circulates clockwise i.n the northern
and counter-clockwise in the southern
hemisphere.
Arid (ari(/e, arido, J>-t; .j!.».
A climate or land in which the humidity and rainfall are insufficient to
6
Atmosphere
Ash faU (chute de cendres, lluvia de ceniza,
)\,,)1 .J...iw).
The falling down of volcanic ash onto
the ground after it has been projected
into the air.
Cf. ash.
counterbalance the evaporation and
loss of water necessary for vegetation.
Cf. desert, semi-arid zone.
Aridity (aridite, aridez, J""'; ,j~).
Characteristic of a climate where precipitation is insufficient to maintain
vegetation.
Cf. arid, semi-arid zone.
Ash flow (coulee de cendres, corriente de
ceniza, )\,,)1 ..;t)).
In volcanic eruptions most of the gascharged ash remains close to the
ground and falls by gravity like foam.
It is a form of nuee ardente.
Cf. ash, lahar, tephra, volcano.
Arithmetic growth (croissance arithmetique, crecimiento aritmerico, ~l..-> j.).
Growth of an organism or population
by linear increase in size or number.
Cf. exponential growth.
Assessment (evaluation, evaluacion,
Armed conflict (confiit arme, confiicto
belico, armado, e;L- elf)·
State of hostilities in which two or
more organized armies are at war
against each other. In modern warfare
the attack may be with conventional
weapons, chemical and/or biological
weapons or nuclear weapons.
Cf. Geneva Conventions, CBW, atomic bomb, biological warfare, chemical
warfare.
<.:-) ).
~vey
of a real or potential disaster
to estimate the actual or expected
damages and to make recommendations for preparedness, mitigation and
relief action.
Cf. damage assessment.
Assimilation (assimilation, absorcion,
..,....l..a:..o l ).
I. Biological: Transformation of
nutrients into cellular material by a
living organism.
2. Social: Cf. absorption.
Artificial feeding (allaitement artificiel,
alimentacion artificial, ~I;..... ~l;.;).
Infant feeding with milk other than
human breast milk.
Asylum (asile, asilo, '~- <.SJ'\..).
Temporary or permanent stay on its
territory, consented by a State to a
refugee, stateless person or other persecuted people.
According to the United Nations
1948 Declaration of Human Rights, it
is the right of everyone "to seek and
to enjoy in other countries asylum
from persecution".
Cf. refugee, territorial asylum, diplomatic asylum.
Ascariasis (ascaridiase, ascariasis,
(c!")t>:...
'1 1) ,;.....JI
J...\.A;
.1)).
A parasitic infection of the intestine,
frequent and sometimes endemic especially in children, in tropical countries.
Caused by a nematode worm. Commonly transmitted through ingestion
of food contaminated by faeces.
Cf. enteric diseases.
Ash (cendre, ceniza, )\..)).
I. The residual content of a product
after complete combustion.
2. In volcanology, tiny fragments projected by an eruption.
Cf. tephra, ash flow, volcano.
Athrepsia (athrepsie, atrepsia, j..:.).
Syn: nutritional marasmus.
Atmosphere (atmosphere. atmosfera, ~).
The gaseous and turbulent envelope
that englobes the earth.
7
Atmospheric pollution
Cf. atomic bomb, nuclear reaction,
nuclear reactor.
Atmospheric pollution (pollution atmospherique. contaminacion atmos/erica.
';"1 ":"'P).
Presence in the atmosphere of large
quantities of gases, solids and radiation produced by the burning of natural and artificial fuels, chemical and
other industrial processes and nuclear
explosions. To a lesser extent also
contamination by accumulation of
cosmic dust, surface dust by wind,
volcanoes, natural radioactivity, etc.
Cf. acid rain, air pollution, ozone
depletion, transboundary pollution.
Atomic bomb (bombe atomique. bomba
atomica. "'J.) ll,:.i).
Atom bomb, or A-bomb, the basic
nuclear weapon in which the explosive
energy is derived only from fission of
the atomic nuclei, liberating energy
and radiation. The bombs dropped on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki were of this
type.
Syn: fission bomb.
Cf. fallout, kiloton, fusion bomb,
hydrogen bomb, thermonuclear bomb,
nuclear war.
Atmospheric pressure (pression atmospherique. presion atmosjerica. ~.J":' .lai...;).
Pressure of the atmosphere that varies
according to the latitude and to metereological conditions. Normal atmospheric pressure is 76 cm of mercury at
Attenuation (attenuation. atenuacion.
#).
Cf. disaster mitigation.
Avalanche (avalanche. alud.
Atoll (atoll. atolon.
.)\,.rl
'Jl:r l ).
Sudden slide of a huge mass of snow
and ice, usually carrying with it earth,
rocks, trees and other debris.
O°c.
~l.:-.t' 0.1./.")'
A circular coral reef, generally with
one or more low islands, surrounding
a central lagoon which mayor may
not communicate with the ocean.
Average (avarie. averia. "'-,!y).
In marine insurance, means damage.
Particular average is damage to the
goods.
General average: expenses voluntarily incurred to save a ship and her
cargo.
Atom (atome. atome. oj;).
The smallest particle of matter, in an
electrically neutral state, consisting of
a positively charged (proton) nucleus,
round which revolve negatively charged
electrons.
B
Bacillary dysentery (dysenterie bacillaire.
camps, jails). Especially frequent in
children and often occurring as sudden
outbreaks. Transmitted via the feacaloral route or water-borne through
contaminated water supply, either
directly through hand contact or indirectly through contaminated food.
The term dysentery is often used in a
disenteria bacilar. ~.r-- Jb-j).
An acute, severe, intestinal disease
due to the Shigella bacillus, type I,
characterized by bloody stools and
fever, associated witb poor personal
hygiene and sanitation in crowded
closed communities (ships, refugee
8
Biogeography
Beaufort scale (echelle de Beaufort, escala
de Beaufort, .Jjy, ...,.-~).
Numerical scale from 0 to 12, indicating
wind force.
o calm
7 strong wind
I light air
8 gale
9 strong gale
2 light breeze
10 storm
3 gentle breeze
4 moderate breeze II violent storm
12 hurricane
5 fresh breeze
6 strong breeze
Cr. Douglas scale, gale, hurricane,
storm, wind.
general sense for many non-specific
cases of gastro-enteritis and diarrhoea.
Cf. enteric diseases, dysentery.
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (bacille Calmette-Guerin, bacilo Calmette-Guerin,
.J~ ..:..1\5'" ~).
Better known as BCG, an attenuated
and non-virulent vaccine made from
bovine Mycobacterium tuberculosis used
in vaccination against tuberculosis. It is
one of the six vaccines used in the
WHO Expanded Programme on Immunization.
Syn: BCG.
Cr. vaccine, vaccination, EPI.
Beneficiary (benejiciaire, benejiciario,
¥---).
Person, group or country that receives
the aid or services of others.
Syn: donee.
Cr. aid, international assistance.
Bactericide (bactericide, bactericida,
~~I ~).
Chemical compound that kills bacteria
and is used against infections.
Cr. pesticide, virucide.
Beri-beri (beriberi, beriberi, <.$.1'. <.$.1'.).
A severe nutritional deficiency of vitamin Bl mainly seen in areas where the
basic diet is polished rice (South East
Asia). It is characterized by neuritis,
oedema, muscular atrophy and cardiac failure.
Syn: vitamin Bl deficiency .
Cf. nutritional deficiency.
Barrier (banquise, barrage isolateur; barrera de hielo, Jl».
In the polar regions, the mass of ice
formed by the freezing of sea water.
Syn: ice pack, pack ice.
Bartonellosis (bartonellose, bartonelosis,
.;.,'A! j.;J1 .b).
An infectious disease endemic in the
high valleys of the Andes, transmitted
at night by the bite of insects.
Syn: Oroya fever, verruga peruana.
Bilateral cooperation (cooperation bilaterale, cooperacion bilateral, Jl:! .JJ\...;).
Technical cooperation or assistance
given by a donor country to a recipient
country, through direct agreement between the two governments without
UN or other intermediary.
Cr. international assistance, technical assistance.
Basal metabolic rate (metabolisme basal,
metabolismo basal,
..s-L.\'I ....,')\.4:.....')11 J..w).
the mi~imal rate of energy production, representing the energy requirements of the body at rest. A measure
of the function of the thyroid gland,
which is very susceptible to radiation
uptake.
Syn: BMR.
Cf. calorie, goitre, Lugol's iodine.
Bilharzia (bilharziose, schistosomiase; bilharziasis, esquistosomiasis, ~"..L).
Syn: schistosomiasis.
Biogeography (biogeographie, biogeogra-
fia, '-:r.> ~~).
The science that deals with the causes,
modifications and interactions of geo-
BCG (BCG, BCG, C""'-"7')'
Syn: bacillus Calmette-Guerin.
9
Biological equilibrium
Birth rate (taux de natalite. tasa de nata-
graphical distribution of living organisms on earth.
lidad. -':l1}1 J..w).
Ratio between the number of births
during a given period and the total
size of the population.
Cf. death rate.
Biological equilibrium (equilibre biologique. equilibrio biol6gico. '.$.>:> Jh).
Condition in which the interactions
between the different animal and vegetable species is such that the structure
and function of an ecosystem remain
fairly constant.
Man is the main element in the
modifications of this equilibrium.
Cf. ecosystem.
Black tide (maree noire, marea negra.
..u.1).
Cf. oil slick.
)"....\YI
Blizzard (blizzard. ventisca. ~ ........ ~).
Violent and very cold wind laden with
snow, at least some part of which has
been raised from snow-covered ground.
Cf. wind.
Biological warfare (guerre biologique.
guerra biol6gica. ~)~ ,-:,?).
The intentional spread of disease
in warfare through the dispersal of
infective bacteria, rickettsiae, viruses
or toxins which cause diseases, such as
anthrax, plague, typhoid, brucellosis.
There is a UN Convention against
biological weapons. Biological and
chemical weapons are usually considered together (CBW).
Syn: bacteriological warfare, biological weapon, BW.
Cf. chemical warfare, nuclear war,
toxin.
Botulism (botulisme. botulismo . .j:-!oJ
Cf. food poisoning.
-
~).
Brucellosis (brucellose; brucelosis. fiebre
de Malta. ";;"'~J ~I .1).
A febrile zoonotic disease caused by
eating unpasteurized milk or dairy
products from infected animals.
Syn: Malta fever, Mediterranean
fever, zoonosis.
Bulghur (boulghour. bulgur, .y.I.)'
Boiled, dried and crushed wheat with
outside bran removed, used for food.
Total cooked whole wheat.
Cf. conventional food.
Biomass (biomasse. biomasa. ~.>:> ~.
The total quantity of the living matter
of organisms present in a given environment at a given time.
It is expressed in volume, in mass
(dry weight, fresh weight, decalcified
or not) in carbon, in calories per unit
of volume or of surface.
Syn: standing crop.
Burns centre (centre de brutes. centro
para quemados. JJ.J-I :?/).
Particular unit and facilities in a hospital for the specialized care of all
aspects of severely burned patients,
including surgical, reconstructive, nursing, medico-social, rehabilitative and
other ancillary facilities for a large
number of patients. It also promotes
bums prevention in the community and
collaborates closely with the authorities
in fire-fighting and preparedness programmes.
Cf. emergency medical services, firestorm.
Biosphere (biosphere. bios/era. '.$.>:> ¥).
The biotic environment of the earth
where life can be maintained and supported by ecosystems, including the
hydrosphere, the lower part of the
atmosphere, the upper part of the
ionosphere and, by e-xtension, of the
totality of living matter on earth.
Cf. ecosystem.
10
Chagas disease
C
Cancerogenic (cancerogene. carcinogeno.
.J>.,..... ).
Syn: carcinogenic.
Carcinogenic (carcinogene. carcinogenico.
~.,..... ).
Chemical, viral, radioactive or other
agent that can induce cancer in man
or other organisms.
Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (reanimation cardiopulmonaire ( RCP). reanimacion cardiopulmonar (RCP).
<.>}) ~ ';L.il).
The technique and mana:uvres applied
to a severely injured patient in order
to ensure the basic functions of the
heart and lungs, and to maintain such
vital support until the end of the critical
period.
Syn: emergency intensive care, CPR,
critical care.
Cf. emergency medical services, first
aid, rescue.
Carrier (porteur. portador. J-l».
A person or animal who harbours
an infection without clinical signs of
disease and who serves as a potential
source of involuntary transmission to
other persons. A healthy carrier may
be in an incubation period or may be
completely ignorant of any disease,
while the convalescent carrier is himself
cured but may transmit the disease.
Cf. incubation period, source of
infection.
Cassava (cassave .. yuca. mandioca ... L-.:S).
The root of two plants of the spurge
or manioc family (bitter and sweet
cassava), the flour of which is used as
bread and is an important source of
food starch.
Syn: manioc.
Cf. staple food.
Catastrophe (catastrophe. desastre. ':)l5).
Syn: disaster.
Catchment area (bassin hydrologique.
cuenca hidrologica. ~).
Syn: catchment basin, river basin.
Catchment basin (bassin d·alimentation.
versant .. cuenca hidrolbgica. ~ ..}>~).
Syn: river basin.
Central depression (depression centrale.
depresion central. ';~J' ~).
Vast meteorological and barometric
depression, usually stationary or semistatic, within which smaller depressions
circulate.
Cf. depression.
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology
of Disasters (Centre de recherche· sur
i'epidemiologie des desastres. Centro de
investigaciones sobre epidemiologia de
los desastres. ":"')\.,SJI ..::..\;4J ..:....,., ~J').
A pioneering facility at the School
of Public Health, Catholic University
of Louvain, for research, study and
training in the epidemiology and medical aspects of disasters. A WHO Collaborating Centre.
Syn: CRED.
Cf. disaster medicine.
Cerebrospinal meningitis (meningite cerebrospinale. meningitis cerebroespinal.
~\;..;.,ll ~I ~\:.....JI ,-:,l;-II).
Very serious, highly con tagious neurological infection attacking the envelope
(meninges) of the brain and of the spine.
Can attain epidemic proportions.
Cf. encephalitis.
Chagas disease (maladie de Chagas. enfermedad da Chagas . ..r'~L:. .1.,).
A chronic infection caused by Trypanosomes, characterized by irregular fever,
swelling of lymph glands, oedema, skin
II
Chartering
eruptions and, in advanced stages, by
apathy, convulsions and coma. It may
appear in acute form in children. Predominant in South America and Africa,
spreads through blood-sucking flies.
Syn: sleeping sickness, South American trypanosomiasis.
Chartering (affretement, jietamento, ~'l;).
In transport and shipping, the contract
of hire of a ship or airplane or of part
of the vessel.
Syn: charter-party, freighting.
Charter-party (charte-partie, jietamento,
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) (chlorojiuoro-
~'l;~).
carbones (CFC), clorofiuorocarbonos
(CFC) , ':"'~y')J)}iJ))S').
Syn: chartering.
Chemical warfare (guerre chimique, guerra
quimica,
A town in the Ukraine, U.S.S.R., site of
a nuclear reactor that exploded and
burned on 26 April 1986, causing
extensive radioactive contamination
locally and in distant countries, with
deaths and agricultural and environmental damage. The exploded reactor
has been put permanently out of action.
The most serious nuclear disaster up
to that date, resulting also in extensive
revision and strengthening of supervision by IAEA.
Cf. Three Mile Island, reactor.
A group of chemical compounds used
in industry and in the household,
mainly as the propelling agent in hairsprays, shaving foam, etc. Their excessive and universal use is believed to be
one of the causes of ozone depletion,
with resulting environmental damage.
cr. ozone depletion, greenhouse
effect.
~L:-:S' ,-:,?).
War in which harmful chemical substances are used with the intention to
kill, injure, or otherwise incapacitate
humans or to destroy the environment
and national economies. The many
chemical weapons are grouped in seven
main categories in terms of their toxic
properties: nerve agents (lethal); pulmonary toxics (lethal); cyanide (lethal);
tissue damaging vesicants (mustards,
Lewisi tes, halogena ted oximes); psychomimetics; riot control agents (incapacitating); and defoliants. Chemical weapons are internationally outlawed by
the 1925 Geneva Protocol.
Syn: chemical weapon, CWo
Cr. Geneva Conventions, GLAWARS, International Humanitarian
Law, biological warfare, defoliant.
Cholera (cho/era, co/era, ~).
A severe acute infection of the intestines, characterized by profuse watery
diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration,
muscle cramps and collapse. It is
spread lDy the ingestion of foods and
water contaminated by the faeces of
infected (symptomatic or asymptomatic) persons.
Several diarrhoeal diseases are diagnosed as cholera, but the latter is
caused by the Vibrio cho/erae. It is
subject to international quarantine
regulations.
Cr. cholera vaccine, diarrhoeal diseases, quarantine.
Chemoprophylaxis (chimioprophylaxie,
quimioprofilaxis, ~L:-:S' ~LiJ)'
The adminstration of chemotherapeutic medicaments to a susceptible or
contaminated person or germ carrier,
for the purpose of preventing the development of a clinical infection in him.
Cholera vaccine (vaccin antichoierique,
vacuna antico/erica, ~I ~I...,.i.. Cl.4l).
A vaccine administered against cholera.
It is of limited value and, in disasters,
Chernobyl (Tchernobil, Chernobil, .,k,i?).
12
Climatological forecast
of natural catastrophe, man-made disaster or war. As a wider, all-hazards
approach, the term is now preferred
to and covers civil defence.
Cf. civil defence, International Civil
Defence Organization.
sanitary measures rather than vaccination suffice.
Chromosome (chromosome, cromosoma,
~).
The complex essential structure of the
living cell nucleus containing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. Chromosome aberration is any mutation of a
chromosome due to toxic or radiation
accidents, that may result in harmful
changes to the organism. The Y-chromosome designates the male sex, while
the X-chromosome is paired in both
male and female sexes.
Cf. genetic aberration, radioactive
contamination.
Climate (climat, clima, tl;..).
The aggregate of the average atmospheric conditions that characterize the weather ofa given area. Example: continental climate.
Cf. continental climate, equatorial
climate, maritime climate, monsoon
climate, mountain climate.
Climatic control (modifications climatiques,
Jactores climaticos, <:>-l;.. .k:~).
The complex of climatic factors that
relatively permanently determine the
general characteristics of the climate in
a given region of the Earth.
Cf. climate.
Ciguatera (ciguatera, gratte .. ciguatera,
I~~~).
Human illness that often appears after
tsunamis, caused by the absorption of
toxins or marine animals, especially fish
and crustaceans, characterized by gastrointestinal disturbance, nausea,
vomiting and diarrhoea.
Cf. diarrhoeal diseases, toxin, tsunami.
Climatic zone (zone climatique, zona climatica, ~l;.. .i.4h;...).
Wide region of the earth sharing a
generally similar climate, along the
same latitudes, limited by mountains,
plains, bodies of water and other
atmospheric factors.
Cf. climatic region.
Civil defence (protection civile .. proteccion
civil, deJensa civil, J~..ul ~~).
The system of measures, usually run by
a governmental agency, to protect the
civilian population in wartime, and to
prevent and mitigate the consequences of
major emergencies in peacetime. The
wider term civil protection is nowpreferred.
Cf. civil protection, International
Civil Defence Organization.
Climatography (climatographie, climatografia, ..s"'l;.. J..b....).
Numerical presentation of the components of a region's climate by the use of
maps, charts, graphs, models, diagrams,
texts, etc.
Climatological forecast (prevision climatologique .. parte meteorologico, previsiones,
<:>-l;.. .:...~).
Forecast based on studies of the climate
of a region and not on the dynamic
consequences of the current weather.
(Not to be confused with weather forecast).
Cf. weather forecast.
Civil protection (protection civile, proteccion civil, ~..ul ~~).
The organized actions of planning,
training, preparedness and response
to all emergencies at the local and
national levels, with the view to protecting the civilian population in case
13
CUmatology
froid, (ormenta del frente frio,
CUmatology (climatologie, c1imatologia,
. UI ~).
'~J~ ~~J ~l&. ).
the study of climates, including the
statistical average variations, distribution and frequencies of the meteorological elements.
Type of thunderstorm which occurs in
series along a cold front or along a line
that precedes a cold front.
Cf. thunderstorm.
Coliform bacilli (bacilles coliformes, bacilos coliformes, ~)} .:.,,~).
The various bacteria which are normal
inhabitants of the intestines but which
become pathogenic under certain conditions. E. coli is the commonest.
Cf. diarrhoeal diseases, enteric diseases.
Coast (littoral, costa, J>L..).
Shoreline of variable contours where
the land, sea and atmosphere meet,
with consequent environmental, social
and economic influences.
Syn: littoral.
Coccidioidomycosis (coccidioidomycose,
coccidioidomicosis, J~'? Jllai).
A fungal infection due to inhalation ofa CoUateral damage (dommages collateraux.
danos colaterales, ~ J~i).
soil fungus in dusty desert areas. EndeInjury
to persons or damage to promic in arid regions of the American
perty
inflicted
unintentionally in a
continent.
nuclear explosion.
Cf. transboundary pollution, fallout.
Coefficient of tide (coefficient de la maree,
coejiciente de la marea'J)-~ ..ul J-I....o).
Collective dose (dose collective. dosis
The relation, at a given place, between
colectiva. ~~ ~.r:-).
the tidal range and the mean tidal range
In a nuclear accident or war, the total
during a defined period.
dose of radiation to an exposed popuCf. tide.
lation, expressed as the product of the
mean individual dose by the total
Cohort (cohorte, cohorte, ~ 'c").
number of persons exposed.
A group of persons of the same age
Cf. absorbed dose, dose, maximum
group banded together or recruited into
acceptable
dose, retained dose.
a popUlation at the same time. Age
class.
Commission of European Communities
Cf. age profile.
(Commission des Communautes EuroCold chain (chaine de froid, cadena del frio,
~,;V
a.J....).
System of refrigeration with appropriate apparatus and transport facilities to ensure the cold or frozen conservation of vaccines and medicaments
throughout the transfer, from the place
of manufacture and expedition to the
point of arrival and use.
Cf. vaccine, Expanded Programme
on Immunization, refrigeration.
Cold front thunderstorm (orage de front
14
peennes (CC E) . Comision de las Comunidades Europeas (CCE).
"='.JJJ'l1 ':"'1~~)l1 <.)..).
The institutional arrangements bringing
together the European Communities
with the aim of gradually integrating
their economies and moving towards
political unity, with a European Parliament in Brussels. It encompasses the
European Economic Community (EEC
or Common Market). Has an active
programme for disaster relief and
assistance to developing countries.
Concessionary rate
Communication resources (ressources en
matiere de communications, recursos
en materia de comunicaciones,
Syn: CEC, Common Market.
Cr. Coucil of Europe, international
assistance.
..:.,'}L...;'j\ 'pl.).
Commodity rate (corate, tarif prefhentiel,
tasa preferente, ....... 1> "-4;.tV).
In transportation, special low rates
applicable in airfreight traffic for certain categories of supplies, e.g. emergency medicines, between designated
airports of origin and destination.
Syn: concessionary rate, corate.
Inventory of all public and private
communication facilities: police, fire,
military, government, private radio,
amateur (HAM) radio operators, newspapers, other news media, television,
telephone and telex, satellite and other
facilities that can be used in time of
disaster.
Communal dwelling (habitation collective,
vivienda colectiva, u>-~ ~).
A housing estate, u·sually multi-storey,
sharing common areas (entrance, stairs,
etc) and services (heating, caretaking),
built to house a considerable number
of people.
Cf. dwelling, services.
Community (communaute, comunidad,
~).
The complex of individuals or groups
- of varying size - sharing common
values, interests or problems, within a
given area. Example: neighbourhood
community, rural community, European Community.
Communal faciUties (equipements collectifs; servicios colectivos, equipo colectivo, ~~ Jil.r-).
All the physical infrastructure and the
social and cultural facilities needed for
the collective life of a community.
Community health worker (agent de sante
communautaire, agente de salud de la
comunidad, ~\ ~ Jot..).
A health worker, male or female, chosen by the community and usually
living in the community, trained to
deal with the health problems of his
community and its individuals, and to
work in close relationship with the
health services. CHWs provide the
first contact between the individual
and the health system. - WHO.
Cf. primary health care, community.
Communicable disease (maladie transmissible, enfermedad transmisible,
<,$)l. c/.r').
An infectious condition that can be
transmitted from one living person or
animal to another through a variety
of channels, according to the nature
of the disease.
Syn: infectious disease.
Concentration at ground level (concentration au niveau du sol, concentracion al
Jr h)·
nivel del suelo, c/)~I
The degree of concentration of a pollutant in the air, measured from ground
level up to dn adult person's height.
Syn: ground level concentration.
Communicable period (periode de contagion; periodo de transmision, de contagio, --»..wl .pi).
Period during which an infectious agent
can be transmitted directly or indirectly
from one person or animal to another
person or animal.
Syn: contagious period, transmissible
period.
Cf. carrier, infection.
&--
Concessionary rate (tarif prefhentiel,
tasa preferente, ....... 1> "-4;.tV).
Syn: commodity rate.
15
Conditioning
Conditioning (condilionnement. condicionamienlo. ~).
Psychophysiological mechanism of association between a simple or complex
stimulus and an unconscious act.
tion of cargo. There are two types:
the 20 foot container, 30m 3 capacity,
18 tons load, and the 40 foot, 60 m 3
capacity, 30 tons load. Discarded containers have at times been used as
dwellings in the disaster area.
Cf. crate.
Conflagration (conflagration. conflagracion. ~i).
In nuclear war, the propagation
of fires by the wind, following the
coalescence of separate fires ignited by
the explosion's thermal pulse or blast
wave.
Cf. fireball, firestorm, nuclear war,
superfires.
Contamination (contamination. contaminacion . .:...,t ).
I. Invasion of a person or animal by
pathogenic germs (contaminants).
2. Presence of an infectious agent on
inanimate articles such as clothes, surgical instruments, dressings, water,
milk, food.
3. Transfer and propagation of a contaminant.
Cf. infection, radioactive contamination.
Consignment (envoi. envio. ~).
In transport and shipping, a certain
amount of cargo, defined by one transport document, where its weight, size,
number of parcels or appearance are
stated.
Continental anticyclone (anticyclone continental. anticiclon continental.
Consolidation (groupage. agrupacion.
...,)i ~w... )~I ).
~).
Anticyclone ~jtuated over a continent
during the cold season, caused mainly
by prolonged cooling of the earth's
surface and by low temperatures in
the lower layers of the atmosphere.
Cf. anticyclone.
rn transport and shipping, the assembling of several loads originating from
several sources for joint despatch.
Contact case (cas-contact. sujet-contact.
contacto (caso). ;JaJL;..,. <.il>.).
Person living in proximity to a contagious patient, likely to have been
contaminated and likely to suffer or
transmit the disease, thus necessitating
surveillance and prophylactic measures.
Cf. carrier, communicable period,
contamination, surveillance.
Continental climate (climat continental.
clima continental. ",}i tL.).
The typical climate of the interior of
continents characterized by the large
annual or daily amplitude of the temperature.
Cf. climate.
Contagious period (periode de contagion.
periodo de contagio!transmision. ip.;
Continental erosion (erosion continentale.
erosion continental. J-I"JI ~ ..::.,.~
->J"WI ).
~~I).
Syn: communicable period.
Disintegration, in every form, of the
soil through the effect of atmospheric
agents: frost, dripping, wind, temperature variations, chemical reactions,
streaming.
Cf. erosion, wind.
Container (conteneur. contenedor . •.!Jl>.).
A standard shipping metallic box, of
steel or aluminium, with double doors
at one end, in use on sea-routes, for
easier handling and safe transporta16
Cosmic radiation
Continental shelf (plate-forme continentale. plataforma continental.
-,»i
~).
The sub-marine continuation of the
margins of the continent extending
beneath the sea at a gentle slope.
Contingency plan (plan d·urgence. plan
de urgencia. ~)I}> ~).
An anticipatory emergency plan to be
followed in an expected or eventual
disaster, based on risk assessment
availability of human and material
resources, community preparedness,
local and international response capability, etc.
Syn: emergency plan.
Cf. disaster plan, plan.
Contribution (donation; contribucion. donativo. ,-:,,\.;:5"\ '~lr-l).
Material or financial aid to an organization or country, without compensation
expected from the recipient.
Syn: donation.
Cf. aid, donor, recipient.
Article I of the 1951 UN Convention
relative to the status of refugees.
Cf. refugee, refugee protection.
Conventional food (aliment traditionnel.
alimento tradicional. ~ ~W.).
Food available or obtained through
the traditional methods of agriculture,
animal husbandry, hunting, fishing,
gathering or cooking within the community and not subjected to unconventional processing methods.
Cf. bulghur, cassava, sorgum, yam.
Corn-soya blend (melange mai's-soja.
mezcla maiz-soya. ~~~ O)jJ\ ..l.:l».
A nutritional mixture made up of:
69.7% cornmeal, processed, gelatinized
22 % soya flour, defatted, toasted
5.5 % soya oil, refined, deodorized,
stabilized
2.7% mineral premix
0.1 % vitamin, antioxidant premix
Syn: CSB.
Cf. food mixtures.
Corn-soy a-milk (melange mai's-soja-lait.
mezcla maiz-soya-leche.
Conurbation (agglomeration urbaine. aglomeracion urbana. -,>,rA> ~).
The comprehensive system composed
of a town and its extensions, with
suburbs, shopping centre, station, green
spaces, etc.
Cf. urbanization.
.jJJ~ ~~~ O)jJ\
..l.:l».
A nutritional mixture made up of:
59.2 % cornmeal, processed, gelatinized
17.5% soya flour, defatted, toasted
15. % non-fat dry milk, spray processed
5.5% soya oil, refined, deodorized,
stabilized
2.7% mineral premix
0.1 % vitamin antioxidant premix
Syn: CSM.
Cf. food mixtures.
Convective thunderstonn (orage de convection. tormenta por conveccion.
~~ ~...I.?) ~~).
Thunderstorm that accompanies a
convective cloud, especially when such
a cloud is caused by local conditions,
such as forest fires.
Convention refugee (refugie de la Convention. refugiado acogido al Convenio.
.:.,~Y\J\ '-:iLA;'i ~'i).
Person who meets the definition of
17
Cosmic radiation (rayonnement cosmique,
radiacion cosmica. J.f" t'". _:'l)·
Beams of very high energy particles
(protons, alpha particles and certain
heavier nuclei) of solar, galactic or
extragalactic origin.
Cost-benefit
ataque contra las fuer;as nucleares.
'". .r""'"'"
(' Ii ..jl.,u. '11 '"l&. \.T.• .-... ) •
Cf. ionizing radiation.
Cost-benefit (cout-al'antage. costo-benefi-
Nuclear weapons deployed against the
enemy's military installations, as distinct from economic and industrial targets.
Cf. countervalue attack, nuclear war.
cio. -..A.;-1l5::!1 )J>/).
Cf. cost-benefit analysis.
Cost-benefit analysis (analyse cout-avan-
tage. analisis de costo-beneficio.
...A.;ll5::!1 )))/ J.J.':).
Countervalue attack (frappe contre-valeurs .
ataque contra la economia.
.,)lA.;j~1 ..jl.,u.'11).
I. Study of the various elements of a
situation in order to determine the
feasibility of an aid or action.
2. Methods to compare alternatives of
the costs and benefits of an operation
in monetary terms with the view to
determining the most desirable course
of action.
Cf. cost -effectiveness analysis.
~:r."
The deployment of nuclear weapons
against the enemy's industrial and economic potential, as distinct from its
military bases.
Cf. counterforce attack, nuclear war.
Country of asylum (pays d'asile. pais de
asilo,
.~I ..lL).
Country which offers some protection
to a person who has fled his country
of origin, of nationality or of usual
residence.
Cf. asylum, protection of refugees,
territorial asylum.
Cost-effectiveness analysis (analyse cout-
efjicacite. analisis de costo-eficacia.
...A.;ll5::!~ ~l..i!1
",l&.
y.:).
A method of evaluation of programmes, whereby the costs are quantified
in monetary terms and the advantages
in terms of effectiveness in relation to
the desired goal.
Cf. cost-benefit analysis, goal.
Country of first asylum (pays de premier
asile. pais de primer asilo,
J)'11 ).
.~I
..lL
Country where a refugee receives asylum after having left his own country.
Cf. refugee, territorial asylum.
Council of Europe (C onseil de l'Europe
(CE), Consejo de Europa (CE).
~.-.l.¢I).
Organization bringing together, at
Strasbourg, 21 States of Europe, to
"achieve a greater unity for the purpose of safeguarding and realizing the
ideals and principles which are their
common heritage and facilitating their
economic and social progress". Promotes the European Centre for Disaster Medicine in San Marino.
Syn: CEo
Cf. European Centre for Disaster
Medicine, Commission of European
Communities (CEC).
-r);) '11
Country of second asylum (pays de second
asile, pais de segundo asilo,
.~I
..lL
jL:!1 ).
Country, other than that of first asylum, that accepts a refugee for settlement.
Cf. asylum, country of first asylum,
refugee, territorial asylum.
Crate (harasse. embalaje. ~,A.ii).
In transport and shipping, open case
made of planks assembled, nailed and
strapped, which show contents or
their inner packing, as opposed to a
closed case.
Cf. container.
Counterforce attack (frappe anti/orces.
18
Damage assessment
Cyclone (cye/one, cie/on, c.r.l) )...-l)·
A storm characterized' by the converging and rising giratory movement
of the wind around a zone of low
pressure (the eye) towards which it is
violently pulled from a zone of high
pressure. Its circulation is counterclockwise round the centre in the northern hemisphere, clockwise in the southern hemisphere.
Cf. non-tropical cyclone, tropical
cyclone, hurricane, typhoon, willywilly.
Crater (cratere, crilter, u) ,.~ ".AAJ)'
The bowl-shaped cavity due to the
eruption of a volcano, to an explosion, or to impact. Usually the mouth
of a volcano.
Creeping disaster (catastrophe a evolution lente, desastre de evolucion lenta,
~~)LS").
A disaster of insidious onset and slow
progress, such as famine, drought, desertification, health deterioration or
epidemic, that does not become manifest until damage and suffering reach
extensive proportions and need massive emergency response.
Syn: slow onset disaster.
Cyclone warning (avis de eye/one, aviso
de cie/on, ~)ll )~'il .:.r- J.~)'
Meteorological message intended to
warn the population concerned of the
existence or approach of a cyclone. It
may be accompanied by advice on the
protective measures to take.
Crop rotation (assolement, rotacion de
cultivos, 4;J~ ,)p),
Cultivation of successive different crops
on the same land, over a number of
seasons, in order to maintain the fertility of the soil.
Cyclonic rain (pluie cyc/onique, Iluvia
cie/onica, '-?)~l ;...).
In the classification of rainfall, denotes
a violent heavy and continuous rain
whose minimal intensity is rarely below
5-10 mrn/h. The two other classes are
"orographic" and "convective" rain.
Crowd ([oule, muchedumbre, il>j - ..I..!.».
A multitude of persons fortuitously or
voluntarily gathered in a particular
place. Crowds can become an additional problem in disaster situations.
Cysticercosis (cysticercose, cisticercosis,
";.ul .;,..L-:>JI .b).
Cumulative effect (effet cumulatiJ, eJecto
cumulativo, ~I ; ~I,;).
The progressive increase, by summation, of the effects of an external agent
on an organism, an individual or
society.
An intestinal infection caused by the
larvae (cysticerci) of Taenia solium
(pork tapeworm) which also attacks
the muscles.
Syn: tapeworm infection, taeniasis.
o
Dam (barrage, presa, ...1...).
A strong barrier structure built across a
river basin to retain, divert or control
the flow for such purposes as water
supply, navigation, power production,
flood control, irrigation. The resulting
changes may have important socioeconomic and environmental consequences.
Damage assessment (evaluation des degiits,
evaluacion de los danos, )L->J I J...I.A;).
19
Damage forecasting
declared by the stricken country and
aid requested.
Cf. Request for disaster assistance.
Detailed evaluation and detennination
of the actual damages caused by a
disaster.
Damage forecasting (prevision des degats,
prevision de los danos, )L..>JI ",:"wy ).
Study made prior to a disaster, of the
situation, expected, or probable effects
of different types of disaster.
De facto refugee (refugie de facto, refugiado "de facto", ~I,II ~ ~"1).
A term used for two categories of
persons:
(a) persons who fulfil the requirements
of a refugee definition but who,
for various reasons, such as a procedural delay in submitting the
application within a specified time,
have not been registered as refusees; or
(b) persons who cannot prove a justified fear of persecution within the
meaning of the refugee definition,
but who are considered, on similar
grounds, to have valid reasons for
not wishing to return to their
country of origin.
Cf. refugee.
Damage mitigation (attenuation des degats, atenuacion de los danos,
JIr'''i 1 ~).
Measures taken to attenuate or lessen
the extent of damage, of hardship and
of suffering caused by disaster.
Death rate (taux de mortalite, tasa de
mortalidad, ...:..L:ijl J ...... ).
The ratio between the number of
deaths in a given time and the total
number of the population.
Syn: mortality rate.
Deck cargo (en pont, cubertada,
~IR~~)'
Deficiency disease (maladie de carence,
enfermedad por carencia, jyJl .I~).
A general term that denotes physiological dysfunction due to the lack or
insufficiency of a number of factors
needed to ensure health and wellbeing. It may be due to lack of nutritional factors (nutritional deficiency,
protein energy deficiency, vitamin deficiency), biological (iron deficiency,
iodine deficiency), immunological deficiency (genetic or acquired) etc.
Declaration of disaster (declaration de
When not specified, and especially
desastre, declaracion de desastre,
in disaster situations, the term usually
~};s;J1 <.l~ .j')\?l).
denotes nutritional deficiency.
Official announcement made by the
Syn: deficiency syndrome.
authorities declaring a state of emerCf. vitamin deficiency, goitre.
gency in the wake of a disaster and
the need for special measures to cope Deflation (dejiation, dejiacion, 'JLL;I
with it. Certain donor countries and
·~t)·
The removal and erosion of soil by
organizations cannot provide assistance
the wind.
unless a disaster has been officially
In transport and shipping, under deck
cargo means goods stowed inside the
holds of a vessel; on deck cargo
means goods stowed above the holds
"on deck", on the vessel, mostly because of their hazardous nature. On
deck cargo will be the first to be jettisoned in case of emergency. Deck
goods are always carried without any
acceptance of responsibili ty by the carrier.
20
Dengue
Defoliant (defoliant, desfoliante,
De jure refugee (refugie de jure, refu-
~I LSGJi t>~).
Chemical compound used as pesticide,
especially against plant pests. Also
used as a weapon in chemical warfare.
Cf. chemical warfare, pesticide.
giado "de jure", ~ ~'1).
Syn: statutory refugee.
Cf. refugee.
Delegate (detegue, delegado, '-:"J..\.:.A).
I. Representative of an international
organization in a foreign country.
2. Title of the expert representative of
the International Committee of the
Red Cross.
Cf. representative.
Deforestation (deboisement, deforestation;
despoblacibn forestal, tala,
Clr\II ..:AWI 4.I~l).
Destruction of forests or the clearing
of an area of its trees and undergrowth, which can lead to a major
deterioration of the environmental conditions, such as soil erosion, disturbance
of the water table and catchment areas,
scarcity of animal life, temperature
changes, etc.
Cf. catchment basin, environment,
erosion, soil erosion.
Delta (delta, delta, \;.b).
Triangular configuration of a section
of coast open to the sea, created by
the alluvial deposits at the mouth of
a river, often - but not always traversed by its branches. Example:
the Nile delta.
Cf. alluvium, mouth.
Degree of adaptability (degre d'adaptabi-
Demographic concentration (concentration
lite, grado de adaptabilidad,
demographique, concentracion demografica, Jl5:.... ;:5).
The establishment of a population
over a given territory.
Syn: population concentration.
~ ~L4J1 ~)~).
The relative ability of a living organism, of a society or of a population to
adapt to unfavourable changes in the
environment.
Cf. adaptation, environment.
Demography (demographie, demografia,
Dehydration (deshydration, deshidratacibn,
":"\..:i~1 -
.)~I
fs')'
The quantitative study of human populations and of their variations.
.j~ ,.j~).
Depletion of the body's water and
fluids, with disturbances of cellular
salts, due to excessive fluid loss (diarrhoea, vomiting, heavy perspiration,
fever) or insufficient intake (drought,
malnutrition), or metabolic disease, or
a combination of these, causing cell
damage, particularly serious in infants
and in debilitated persons. A 10-15 %
water deficit constitutes moderate to
severe dehydration. The maximum
degree of loss campatible with life is
about 20%. Provision of fluids and
rehydration salts is vital.
Cf. cholera, diarrhoea, rehydration
salts.
Demurrage (surestaries, demora, LSWi
~L.,.;'1l 44l 1 ).
In transportation and storage, the rent
in railway sheds. Penalty for keeping containers longer than allowed.
Penalty for immobilization of a vessel
longer than allowed for loading/unloading, and payable by owners of the
goods.
Dengue (dengue, dengue, .!.L.2.l1
~).
An acute febrile illness of sudden
onset, with headache, fever, prostration, swollen glands, joint and muscle
ache and skin rash. Transmitted
21
Dengue haemorrhagic fever
mainly anti-clockwise in the Northern
hemisphere.
Syn: non-tropical cyclone.
Cf. cyclone.
through the mosquito, it can cause
epidemics in displaced settlements. A
more serious form is dengue haem orrhagic fever.
Syn: dengue fever.
Cf. dengue haemorrhagic fever.
Desert (desert, desierto, 'Ir--).
Region characterized by excessive dryness (WMO dryness ratio greater than
10), too little rainfall, extremely poor
vegetation, non arable land, shifting
sand, very sparse population and particularly difficult living conditions.
Cf. desertification, drought, famine.
Dengue haemorrhagic fever (dengue hemorragique, fiebre hemomlgica dengue,
'-:t;J1
~I ~).
A severe form of dengue with sudden
fever, bleeding and collapse, often fatal.
Prevalent in South-East Asia and India.
Cf. dengue.
Desertification (desertification, desertiza-
Denudation (denudation, denudaciim, '-!.,.v).
cion,~).
grado do concentracion, ;!";JI J-l&.).
The ratio of the concentration of
a radionuclide in an organism (organ
or tissue) to the concentration of that
radionuclide in the environment.
Cf. radionuclide, maximum acceptable concentration.
Processes whereby a semi-arid ecosystem loses the capacity of seasonal
revival or repair and progresses towards becoming desert. As a result of
climatic factors and human activity
(excessive grazing, deforestation, bush
fires, etc) there is increase of bare soil,
decrease of vegetation-covered soil,
rise in reflection of solar light, excessive to permanent loss of plant life,
soil erosion and impoverishment. Such
degradation causes environmental damage well beyond its boundaries and is
itself a combined natural and manmade disaster.
Cf. desert, drought, famine, savannah, semi-arid zone, Sahel.
Depopulation (depeuplement, depopulation,
Development (deve/oppement, desarrollo,
I. Geology: Stripping or laying bare
of rocks by removal of the topping
soil or other ground cover.
Syn: stripping.
2. Medicine: Exposing a vein for intravenous infusion, e.g. for severe diarrhoea.
Syn: cut-down.
Density factor (facteur de concentration,
despob/acion, Jl5:.... ~\;j).
A fall in the population of a region
due to (a) emigration or (b) an excess
of deaths over births.
Cf. birth rate, death rate, emigration.
Depression (depression, depresion,
J# -
~).
Cumulative and lasting rise, associated with socio-economic improvements, in the quality and quantity of
possessions, services and resources of
a population or a country.
Diarrhoea (diarrhee, diarrea, Jlf..-l).
~).
Centre of an atmospheric pressure
which is low in relation to the surrounding region at the same level. It
is characterized oy high winds that
increase towards the centre and blow
Increased fluidity, frequency and volume of bowel movements per day.
Usually endemic in developing countries, it can rise to alarming proportions, with dehydration, in unsanitary
22
Disaster assistance
Diphtheria (diphterie, dijteria, -A".u).
An acute contagious disease mainly of
children, characterized by a fibrinous
pseudomembrane on the nasopharynx
and larynx. Transmitted usually by
direct contact and preventable by immunization. Not associated with disasters, but may spread rapidly in such
circumstances. One of the diseases in
the WHO global vaccination programme.
Cf. contact case, communicable disease, Expanded Programme on Immunization, infectious disease, vaccination.
or disaster situations. Passing at least
three liquid stools a day is generally
considered to constitute diarrhoea.
Cf. diarrhoeal diseases, oral rehydration.
Diarrhoeal diseases (maladies diarrheiques,
enJermedades diarreicas, Jlf.... 'II ,-",,~i).
Common gastro-intestinal diseases
caused by a variety of pathogenic
agents - that most often remain unidentified involving most often
young, undernourished children, especially in developing countries. In disaster conditions these diseases become
more widespread and serious due to
shortage of drinking water, lack of
hygiene and insufficient food. Infantile
diarrhoea is caused mainly by premature weaning and artificial feeding.
Cf. diarrhoea, hygiene, malnutrition,
oral rehydration.
Diplomatic asylum (asile diplomatique,
asilo diplomatico, ($"\..~J .,;..).
Asylum provided "by a State in the
premises of its embassy or diplomatic
mission.
Cf. territorial asylum.
Disaster (catastrophe, desastre .. catastroJe,
desastre, ':JL0.
The result of a vast ecological breakdown in the relations between man
and his environment, a serious and
sudden event (or slow, as in drought)
on such a scale that the stricken community needs extraordinary efforts to
cope with it, often with outside help
or international aid.
Syn: catastrophe.
Cf. natural disaster, man-made disaster, technological disaster, toxicological disaster, creeping disaster, international assistance.
Diet (regime, dieta, .::...}).
The rational consumption of solid and
liquid foods by a healthy or sick individual, or by a popUlation.
Dietetics (dietetique, die tetica , .::...l:i.-oAlI).
The science and principles of food for
the healthy and the sick person, with
the aim of satisfying the nutritional
needs of man.
Cf. health, needs, nutrition.
Dioxin (dioxine, dioxina, .J:-SY.J).
The chemical compound 2, 3, 7, 8, tetra
chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, an extremely
toxic substance used in manufacturing
some herbicides. The harmful effects
are very persistent and capable of causing severe illness and chromosomal
malformations. A major accident occurred in Seveso. Also known as
TCDD.
Cf. transboundary pollution, Seveso,
man-made disaster, toxicological disaster.
Disaster act (law) (loi sur les desastres,
ley sobre desastres, ":"'JI,SJI 0Yli).
National legislation that provides the
government or its appointed executive
with special powers to mobilize the
efforts and resources of the nation in
face of a disaster or major emergency.
Cf. disaster legislation.
Disaster assistance (assistance contre les
23
Disaster legislation
catastrophes. ayuda en casos de caltlstrofe . ..!.o;\.,SJ1 ..;..~.,....).
National or international aid, financial or technical, to counter a particular
or all phases of disaster, from prevention and mitigation to immediate relief,
reconstruction and rehabilitation.
Cf. technical assistance, technical cooperation, international assistance.
reduce the severity of the human and
material damage caused by it.
Cf. damage investigation, disaster
prevention.
Disaster preparedness (preparation contre
les catastrophes, preparacion para casos
de desastre, ..!.oJ\.,SJ1 ~I} )I~ ~I).
The aggregate of measures to be taken
in view of disasters, consisting of plans
and action programmes designed to
minimize loss of life and damage, to
organize and facilitate effective rescue
and relief, and to rehabilitate after
disaster. Preparedness requires the
necessary legislation and means to
cope with disaster or similar emergency situations. It is also concerned
with forecasting and warning, the education and training of the public, organization and management, including
plans, training of personnel, the stockpiling of supplies and ensuring the
needed funds and other resources .
Cf. emergency, relief, supplies.
Disaster legislation (legislation des catastrophes. legislacion sabre catastrofes.
..!.o;\.,SJ1 ";"~r)'
The body of laws that govern and
designate responsibility for disaster
management in the nation concerning
the various phases of disaster.
Attempts are currently being made to
introduce international disaster legislation.
Cf. Disaster act (law).
Disaster medicine (medecine des catastrophes. medicina de catastrofes,
..!.o;\.,SJ I ..,.J.).
The study and collaborative application of various health disciplines - e.g.,
paediatrics,
epidemiology,
communicable diseases, nutrition, public
health, emergency surgery, social medicine, community care, international
health - to the prevention, immediate response and rehabilitation of the
health problems arising from disaster,
in cooperation with other disciplines
involved in comprehensive disaster management.
Cf. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), European Centre for Disaster Medicine
(CEMEC), World Health Organization (WHO), military medicine.
Disaster prevention (prevention des catastrophes, prevencion de desastres,
The aggregate of approaches and measures to ensure that human action or
natural phenomena do not cause or
result in disaster or similar emergency.
It implies the formulation and implementation of long range policies and
programmes to eliminate or prevent the
occurrence of disasters. Based on vulnerability analysis of risks, it also includes
legislation and regulatory measures in
the field of town planning, public works
and environmental development.
Disaster team (equipe de secours, equipo de
Disaster mitigation (attenuation des degats,
atenuacion del desastre,
o'UJ
,', .
•
~li)1
..!.o;\.,SJI.;,-).
socorro, ..!.o;\.,SJ1 ~Iy ~).
Multidisciplinary, multi sectorial group
of persons qualified to evaluate a disaster and to bring the necessary relief.
Cf. disaster medicine, disaster preven-
i.
..!.o;\.,SJ1 ).
Separate and aggregate measures taken
prior to or following a disaster to
24
Dose
tion, emergency relief, international
assistance, UNDRO.
clothing, domestic animals or in the
environment. Delousing is disinfestation against body lice.
Syn: disinsection.
Cf. disinfection, fumigation, pesticide.
Disaster victim (sinistre, victima de un
desastre, ':"'J~I ~ b.....4).
Person or population stricken by a
disaster.
Cf. disaster.
Disinsection (desinfestation, desinsectacion,
':"'~I .~~l).
Cf. disinfestation.
Disease monitoring (surveillance des mala-
Displaced person(s) (personne( s) depla-
dies, vigilancia de las enfermedades,
""';I.r-~I ..l.."oJ).
cee( s), personas desplazadas, .J.".,..j~).
Persons who, for different reasons or
circumstances - natural· disasters,
wars, conflicts or internal troubles have been compelled to leave their
homes. They mayor may not reside in
their country of origin, but are not
legally regarded as refugees.
Syn: DP.
Cf. exodus, refugee.
Syn: disease surveillance.
Disease surveillance (surveillance des maladies, vigilancia de las enfermedades,
""';I.r-~I ..l.."o;).
Health system used to monitor, observe
and evaluate on a continuing basis the
progress of a disease with the view to
preventing or curing it.
Cf. disease monitoring, surveillance.
Donation (don, donacion, tfU ,~ ,<-:.".).
Material or financial assistance extended
without financial remuneration to a
country or an organization.
Cf. donor.
Disease transmission (transmission de maladie, transmision de las enfermedades,
1J"'1.r-~1 J\..i.:,;I).
Cf. transmission, communicable disease.
Donee (receveur, receptor, benejiciario,
Disinfectant (desinfectant, desinfectante,
Jl:.- ).
~).
. Syn: beneficiary, recipient.
Chemical substance used locally to
destroy germs on the body or in the
environment and to prevent their multiplication.
Cf. infection.
Donor (donateur, donante, donador, e\..).
A country, organization or agency that
provides relief or, in different ways,
comes to the assistance of a population
in disaster.
Cf. aid, assistance, international assistance, technical assistance.
Disinfection (desinfection, desinfeccion,
~).
Destruction of germs or infectious
agents outside the human body by
chemical or physical means.
Cf. disinfectant, disinfestation.
Donor agency (organisation donatrice,
organismo donante, ~\.. ;"p,..).
Agency or organization that provides
free emergency relief to a disaster stricken
country, without political or other considerations.
Cf. voluntary agency.
Disinfestation (desinfestation, desinfestacion,). !::.>':1I.:r ~I).
Technique or process used to destroy
parasites, insects and other undesirable
small animal species such as arthropods
or rodents present on the person, on
Dose (dose, dosis, I.;,T;')'
I. In pharmacology, the strength or
25
Douglas scale
amount of a medicament prescribed
for each individual application.
2. In radioactivity, the amount of
ionizing radiation absorbed by the exposed body.
Cf. absorbed dose, collective dose,
lethal dose, LD50, maximum acceptable dose, retained dose.
Syn: DSM, skimmed milk powder.
Cf.dried whole milk, vitamin A deficiency.
Dried whole milk (fait entier en poudre.
leche entera en polvo. ~ Jots' .jJ).
Powdered food product processed by
industrial drying and pulverization of
full cream milk. Such milk may lack
some nutritional elements.
Syn: dried full cream milk, full cream
milk powder, DFCM, DWM.
Cf. dried skimmed milk, food mixtures.
Douglas scale (echelle de Douglas. escala
de Douglas. v-'Y.S-p v-l;.A.-).
Numerical scale from 0 to 9, indicating
the state of the sea.
oflat sea
5 waves and swells
I ripples
6 large waves and swells
2 calm sea
7 heavy sea
3 small waves 8 very heavy sea
9 huge swell
4 choppy
Cf. Beaufort scale, swell, wave, Forel
scale.
Drift (derive .. deriva. abatimiento. Jl:--il -
--'I.J.I ).
Any uncontrolled displacement of a
floating or submerged object through
the action of the wind or currents.
Drinking water (eau de boisson. potable ..
agua potable. ,-:,rJ1 .L.).
Water that is agreeable to drink, does
not present health hazards and whose
quality is normally regulated by legislation.
Syn: potable water.
Drainage (drainage. drenaje. ~~).
Gradual evacuation of excess water
from the more common surface runoff of wetlands (surface drainage) or
from the ground (subsurface drainage)
generally to improve agriculture.
Drainage basin (bassin d·alimentation.
cuenca captora. --'~I ./~).
Region drained by a part or the whole
of one or several water channels.
Syn: catchment basin.
Cf. catchment area, river basin,
watershed.
Drought (secheresse. sequia . ..b..i -
--'~ -
,-:,~).
Climatic period with prolonged absence
of rain during which time the degree
of rainfall, expressed in millimetres, is
less than twice the mean temperature,
expressed in degrees Celsius. Drought
can be a disaster.
Cf. aridity, disaster, precipitation,
Sahel.
Dried full-cream milk (tait entier en
poudre. leche entera en polvo. Jol5' .jJ
~).
Syn: dried whole milk.
Drug resistance (resistance aux medicaments. resistencia medicamentosa.
Dried skimmed milk (fait ecreme en
poudre. leche desnatada en polvo . .jJ
'-i..u'll ....J
\.A..).
The capacity acquired by microorganisms or parasites to survive, and
eventually to mUltiply, in the presence
of a medicament which would normally destroy them or prevent them
from reproducing. By extension, drug-
~ ~.,..:..;...).
Powdered food product processed by
industrial drying and pulverization of
skimmed milk. Su~h milk may lack
some nutritional elements such as vitamin A.
26
Earth station
Dust whirl (tourbillon de poussiere, torbe/-
resistant disease e.g. chloroquin-resistant malaria.
Cf. adaptation, habituation.
Iino de po/vo, ~Ij .... ~~).
Aggregate of particles of dust or sand,
sometimes accompanied by small litter
raised from the ground, in the form of a
whirling column of varying height wi th a
small diameter and almost vertical axis.
Syn: dust devil, sand whirl.
Dry season (saison seche, estaciim seca,
.j~1 rr)'
In a tropical climate, period of the year
characterized by very low or absence
of rainfall.
Cf. drought, tropical climate.
Dwelling (habitation, vivienda, .:f--.).
A covered and sheltered space reserved to
house one or several persons.
Dune (dune, duna, ~).
A ridge or mound of sand or fine loose
earth. Aeolian dunes are built up by the
wind, hydraulic dunes by water currents.
Dyke (digue, dique,;r:-\:.- - "';.-..\....).
A construction along the coast for the
protection of port facilities or of water
reservoirs.
Durra (dourra, durra, ~r oJ').
Black millet, grain of sorghum.
Dysentery (dysenterie, disenteria,J\:.-j).
I. A general term used for different
kinds of unspecified diarrhoea or
gastroenteri tis.
2. Specific infection of the colon, such
as shigellosis (bacillary dysentery), or
amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery).
Cf. diarrhoeal diseases, enteric diseases, infection.
Dust bowl (trombe de po ussiere , tromba de
po/vo, "..J~ ~~).
Ascending whirl of overheated air carrying with it fine particles which subsequently remain suspended in the air.
Dust devil (tourbillon de poussiere, torbe/Iino de po/vo, ~Ij ~Jj).
Syn: dust whirl.
E
Earth flow (cou/ee boueuse, corriente, rio
over a long time in regions of seismic
activity (tectonic earthquake). The
magnitude of an earthquake is represented by the Richter scale; the intensity by the Mercalli scale.
Cf. epicentre, Mercalli scale, Richter
scale, seismic sea wave, seismic sounding, seismograph, seismoscope.
de barro, ~ ",)ljl).
Mass of w"ater-Iogged earth, sliding by
gravity along a slope at a relatively
slow speed of a few kilometres per
hour.
Syn: mudslide.
Earthquake (se;sme, tremb/ernent de terre;
Earth station (station terrienne, estacibn
seisrno, terrernoto, Jl)j).
The violent shaking of the ground produced by deep seismic waves, beneath
the epicentre, generated by a sudden
decrease or release in a volume of
rock of elastic strain accumulated
terrena, ~) ~).
Communications station situated either
on land (or ship) or on an airplane,
with the purpose of communicating
with one or several space stations and
27
Eating unit
linked with other earth stations through
space network.
Cf. geostatic station.
radioactivity or by biological elimination.
Cf. half-life, radioactivity.
Eating unit (unite alimentaire, unidad de
alimentacion, it...b '..I>J).
A group of persons gathered together
and sharing food prepared by the
same kitchen or in several communal
kitchens.
Effluent (effluent, efluente, 4J.:l.. .:..~LA;).
Residual waters, treated or not,
of agricultural, industrial or urban
provenance.
Electromagnetic pulse (impulsion electromagnetique, impulso electromagnetico,
~~-....w).
Ebb (retrait.. reflujo, (marea) menguante,)~ ).
Receding movement of the sea water
or reflux of the tide.
Syn: recession.
The very brief and intense pulse of
electromagnetic radiation emitted following a high altitude nuclear explosion, causing extensive interference
over a vast area at ground level, resulting in neutralization of telecommunications, radio broadcasts, electronic
controls, electrotechnical equipment,
etc. in military equipment, hospitals,
transport or at home.
Syn: EMP.
Echinococcosis (echinococcose hydatique,
equinococosis, .:..l5'"..:.11 .I~).
Syn: hydatid disease.
Ecology (ecologie, ecologia, .:..l;!;J1 f).
The science that studies the relationships of living organisms between themselves and with their environment.
Electron (electron, electron, .JJ;>Jl).
The elementary particle of negative
charge in all atoms.
Cf. ionizing radiation, proton.
Economic development (developpement economique, desarrollo economico, 4....;;
"'~l..a.;jl ).
Elements at risk (elements a risque, elementos que corren riesgo, v~1 .r"lJI
)WJ).
The population, buildings and civil
engineering works, economic activities,
public services and infrastructure, etc .
at risk in a given area. - UNDRO.
Cf. risk, risk indicator, risk map,
specific risk.
Increase in monetary terms in the
national product of a country and in
the resultant material well-being and
individual income of its population.
Ecosystem (ecosysteme, ecosistema, ilkJI
..HI).
Contraction for ecological system. Basic
ecological unit formed by the biotope
(living environment) and the animal
and vegetable organisms naturally
living there and interacting as a single
functional entity.
Cf. ecology, environment.
EI Nino (El Nino, El Nino, y.:JI).
A climatic phenomenon of the southern oceans with global and longterm meteorological and agricultural
repercussions. It occurs every two to
seven years in an 18-month sequence
of events extending across the entire
Pacific and Indian Oceans. It begins
with the warming of the upper part of
the ocean off the west coast of South
Effective life (periode effective, vida efectiva, ~lA.II .,;;).
The time needed for the quantity of a
given radionuclide' in the body to be
reduced by half, either through loss of
28
Encephalitis
Emergency medical services (service d'aide
America, which can lead to drought,
monsoon failure and disastrous winds
in areas as scattered as Indonesia, the
Amazon valley, Australia or Melanesia.
medicale d'urgence (SAMU) , servicios
medicos de urgencia, .s},l:J1 .:...L.....l>
~I).
The aggregate of various resources and
personnel necessary to deliver medical
care to those with an unpredicted
immediate need outside a hospital and
continued care once in an established
emergency facility.
Syn: EMS.
Cf. first aid, life support, oxyology.
Emaciation (emaciation; emaciaciim, demacracion, Jt.;..).
The exhaustion of essential cellular
elements, mainly in muscle and adipose
tissue, following privation of food and
often associated with infections and
debilitating illnesses.
Emergency (urgence; urgencia, emergen-
Emergency relief (secours d'urgence, so-
cia, .s)i,k ..H.> - 4.:)\1 4.Jb.).
A sudden and usually unforeseen event
that must be countered immediately
to minimize the consequences. The
term is often used for disaster. With
rational planning, emergencies can be
tackled more effectively.
corro de urgencia, ~l? ":l&.U·
I. Urgent aid given to relieve suffering
and hardship arising from a sudden or
unexpected event.
2. Immediate assistance given to persons who are deprived of the essential
needs of life following a natural or
man-induced disaster.
Cf. disaster, relief.
Emergency feeding (ravitaillement d'urgence, abastecimiento de urgencia,
.s},l:J1 ~j;.;).
Emigrant (emigre, emigrante, UW ?~).
Person who moves to another country
for personal, economic, social or political reasons. Distinguish from migrant,
immigrant and refugee.
Cf. immigrant, migrant, refugee.
Distribution of food to communities,
families and individuals who are cut
off from their normal food supplies or
are unable to prepare their own food
as a result of natural or man-made
disaster such as famine, flood, earthquake, war.
Cf. famine, food, food relief, relief,
supplies.
Emigration (emigration, em igracion , Or.'"
U W ).
The act of leaving one's country or
place of residence with the intention
of settling in another country or place.
Emigration from a country does not
imply the loss of nationality of that
country, nor does it confer refugee
status.
Cf. exodus, immigration, migration.
Emergency health kit (necessaire medical
d'urgence, botiquin medico de urgencia,
~I .s},l:J1 ':"'L..J.:.--. ..wb.).
Basic drugs and medical equipment
calculated for the emergency needs of
a population of 10 000 persons over
three months. One prepackaged kit
contains 10 identical smaller kits, each
for I 000 persons.
Syn: WHO Emergency Health Kit
(the previous name).
Cf. stockpile, supplies, World Health
Organization.
Encephalitis (encephalite, encefalitis,
. L....ul ,-:,t;JI).
~erious neurological disease caused by
inflammation of the brain elements
due to viral, microbial or parasitic
infection.
Cf. cerebrospinal meningitis.
29
Endemic disease
Endemic disease (maladie endemique. enfermedad endemica. Joy ~r)·
The usual presence or prevalence of a
disease in a given geographical area.
Hyperendemic expresses a persistence
in excess of expected endemicity. Pandemic is the presence of a disease, at
the same time, in important proportions throughout the world. Example,
AIDS.
Cf. endemicity, epidemic.
number of known causes (amoebae,
intestinal parasites, worms, bacilli,
vibrio cholerae), or unknown causes
transmitted through various mechanisms (food, water, direct contact).
Can be of sudden diarrhoeal onset,
chronic, or in carrier state, all with
danger of transmission. Disaster conditions facilitate and aggravate the disease with risk of epidemics, especially
among children.
Cf. amoebiasis, cholera, diarrhoeal
diseases, dysentery, oral rehydration,
typhoid.
Endemicity (endemie. endemia. Joj).
Habitual presence or recurrence of
a disease e.g. cholera, or other phenomena, e.g. cyclones, in a given
population or region. Example, both
are endemic in the Bay of Bengal
area.
Cf. endemic disease.
Environment (environnement. medio ambiente. ~).
The aggregate, at any given time, of
the physical, chemical and biological
agents and social factors that can
have a direct or indirect, immediate or
late effect on living organisms and on
human activities.
Energy assessment (bilan energetique.
balance energetico . .. UaJI .I.~).
Comparative study of the sum of calories provided by food and of their
utilization for such biological requirements as tissue maintenance and
growth. Assessment can be established
for an organism, an individual or a
population.
Cf. energy requirements.
Environmental change (alteration de I'environnement. alteracion ambiental.
~I ;.;.;).
Modification, favourable or unfavourable, of the ecological state and environment.
Cf. ecology, environment.
Energy requirements (besoins energetiques.
necesidades de energia.
Environmental health (hygiene du milieu.
higiene del medio. ~I .......... ) .
The science that aims at creating the
environmental conditions most- conducive to health.
Cf. environmental hygiene, public
health, sanitary engineering.
.. 1.la.I1 .y ":"~~')'I).
Quantity of energy required to maintain
the weight equilibrium of an average
individual of given sex and age in
good health.
Cf. energy assessment, health, needs.
Environmental hygiene (hygiene du
milieu. higiene del medio. ~I ~).
The measures that aim at creating
favourable environmental conditions
for health and disease prevention.
Cf. environmental health, hygiene.
Enriched food (aliment enrichi. alimento
enriquecido. d- ).J.).
Syn: fortified tood.
Enteric diseases (maladies intestinales. enfermedades entericas. ~..,..... ~~i).
A general term for a variety of infectious intestinal diseases due to a
Epicentre (epicentre. epicentro. Jj fr)·
The point or area on the earth's sur30
Exodus
face immediately above the focus of
an earthquake.
Cf. earthquake, hypocentre.
Cf. anthropic erosion, continental
erosion, wind erosion.
Eruption (eruption. erupcion. JG;).
The sudden surfacing of solid and
gaseous material from the depths of
the earth.
Cf. volcano.
Epidemic (epidemie. ep idem ia. -4J)'
I. An unusual increase in the number
of cases of an infectious disease which
already exists in an endemic state in
the region or population concerned.
2. The appearance of a more or less
important number of cases of an infectious disease introduced in a region or
population that is usually free from
that disease.
Cf. communicable disease, endemic,
infectious disease.
Ethnic group (ethnie .. grupo etnico. etnia.
~l oJ'j).
An organic group of individuals sharing
common traits, customs and culture. The
term sometimes refers to such groups as
a minority in a larger population.
European Centre for Disaster Medicine
(Centre Europeen pour fa Medecine
des Catastrophes (CEM EC). Centro
Europeo de Medicina de las Catastro/es (CEMEC). ~),sJI ~ .r. JJJ'1I:;)I).
Intergovernmental centre· established
in San Marino under the aegis of the
Council of Europe, to promote prevetion and mitigation of the effects
of natural and technological disasters
through research, training programmes
and international collaboration, in
particular among European countries.
Syn: CEMEC.
Cf. Council of Europe, disaster medicine.
Epidemiology (epidemiologie. epidemiologia. ":"'~4J)'
The medical discipline that studies the
influence of such factors as the life
style, biological constitution and other
personal or social determinants on the
incidence and distribution of disease.
Cf. disaster medicine.
Equatorial climate (climat equatorial.
clima ecuatorial. Jlf-.-I tL:...)·
Climate characterized by a twin season of rains during May-June and
October-November, with a short dry
season towards the month of August
(in the northern hemisphere).
Cf. dry season, rainy season.
Evacuation (evacuation. evacuacion.
-~l
-
-')I.>.l)·
An operation to clear a region of its
inhabitants, generally under threat or
following a disaster.
Cf. disaster, evacuee, prevention.
Equatorial depression (depression equatoriale. depresiim ecuatorial.
Jlf-.-I ~).
Zone of relatively low pressure situated
between the sub-tropical anticyclones
of the two hemispheres.
Cf. anticyclone, atmospheric depression, depression.
Evacuee (evacue. evacuado . .h+-).
A person temporarily displaced from
one place to another to safeguard his
health or his security.
Cf. displaced persons.
Erosion (erosion. erosion. J5"I; - ..:...li).
The degradation and transformation
of the soil and of the earth's crust due
to the action of water, wind and other
atmospheric agents.
Exodus (exode. exodo. U j - J.>J).
The massive displacement of a population for various reasons, usually due
31
Expanded Programme on Immunization
Expert (expert, cooperant; experto, fr.!'-).
A qualified and experienced agent who,
in his special field of competence, carries out operational, advisory, training
or managerial tasks for or within a
government or institution with the
view to assisting in development or
other national activity, such as disaster management.
Cf. delegate, technical assistance,
representative.
to political or social conflict, civil or
military strife, persecutions and other
violations of human rights.
Cf. displaced persons, emigration,
refugee.
Expanded Programme on Immunization
(Programme elargi de vaccination
(OMS), Programa ampliado de inmunizacion (OMS), ~ L)I ~~.r.JI).
The continuing programme of WHO
for the systematic vaccination of all
children against the following six diseases: diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
(OPT vaccine), poliomyelitis (P), tuberculosis (BCG vaccine) and measles.
Syn: EPI.
Cf. immunization, vaccination, diphtheria, measles, poliomyelitis, tetanus,
tuberculosis, whooping cough.
Exponential growth (croissance exponentiel/e, crecimiento exponencial, .;.i ;. ).
Growth that is a simple function of
the size of the growing subject, such
that the larger the population, the faster
its growth.
Cf. arithmetic growth.
F
Fall (precipitation, precipitacion, ..\:aiL....;).
Water - in liquid or solid state precipitated from the atmosphere onto
the ground.
Syn: precipitation.
Global fallout is the deposition on the
ground of radioactivity from a nuclear
weapon exploded in the stratosphere.
Intermediate fallout is the deposition
on the ground of radioactivity from a
nuclear weapon exploded in the troposphere.
Local fallout is the deposition of
radioactivity from a nuclear weapon,
downwind at ground level, during the
first 24 hours after explosion' on the
ground.
Syn: radioactive fallout.
Cf. ionizing radiation, nuclear war,
nuclear winter.
Falling cloud (nuee retombante, nube incandescente, "-ktJ. ~l>......).
Volcanic cloud composed of the same
elements as in glowing cloud, but
projected almost vertically and falling
back to earth. Example: the St. Vincent eruption of 1902.
Cf. glowing cloud.
Fallout (retombees, precipitaci6n, .i.1L4.....).
The deposition of radioactive materials
in the atmosphere and on the earth.
Such radioactivity in the atmosphere
may arise from natural causes, from
nuclear bomb explosions, or from induced radioactivity and fission products of atomic reactor accidents.
Family (household) unit (cellule d'habitation, unidad de vivienda, .i.}l~ 6..l>J).
A dwelling inhabited by one household
and providing the family atmosphere.
Syn: household unit.
Cf. dwelling, household.
Famine (famine; hambre, hambruna,
32
~~).
Fission (nuclear)
Cf. conflagration, fireball, superfire.
A catastrophic food shortage affecting
large numbers of people. It may be due
to poor harvests folIowing drought,
floods, earthquake, war, social conflict
etc.
Cf. drought, food, food shortage,
hunger.
First aid (premiers secours, primeros auxi-
lias, J.,i .jlA....l).
Immediate and temporary care given
on site to the victims of an accident or
sudden illness in order to avert complications, lessen suffering and sustain the
person until competent services or a
physician can be obtained.
Cf. Emergency Medical Services,
rescue.
Fatality (cas mortels .. casas mortales,
fatalidad, ;,;t,.'II J..w).
The severity of a disease as judged by
the frequency of the deaths that occur
among the patients of that disease in
relation to the total number of sick
persons. This concept is commonly
employed to calculate the ratio of the
number of fatal cases in a specific
clinical or epidemiological experience.
The ratio is disease specific: thus fatality in diphtheria is about 5 per cent.
Syn: mortality.
Filariasis (filariose,filariasis,
Fish protein concentrate (concentre de
proteine de poisson, concentrado de
harina de pescado, }'}I ..:r.1.c-\J1 <fi.iJ;')'
Dried fish flour which has been processed in order to remove the colour,
odour and fats, and which, with 10%
protein content, constitutes a valuable
source of food.
Cf. protein.
":"'~I .b -
Fireball (boule de feu, bola de fuego,
.1,).
A group of diseases in tropical and
subtropical countries due to filaria
worms and transmitted by mosquitoes
and flies. Bancroftian filariasis may
produce elephantiasis of the limbs,
causing invalidity.
Cf. parasitic diseases.
~J~I
~~
oj).
The tremendously hot and brilliant
sphere of burning gases immediately
following a nuclear explosion in the air.
Cf. conflagration, firestorm, superfire,
nuclear war.
afission, bomba de
fision, "'.Jl1..!.;1 ~).
Nuclear weapon in which the explosive
power is derived from the fission of
atomic nuclei, with liberation of energy
and radiation. It is the basic nuclear
weapon, popularly referred to as the
atomic bomb. The bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were fission bombs.
Cf. atomic bomb, nuclear energy,
nuclear war, kiloton.
Fission bomb (bombe
Fireproof (ignifuge, resistente al fuego,
.Y.rJl iJI..i..o)·
The property of a material or assemblage to withstand fire (fire resistance)
and give protection during a lapse of
time (fire endurance). - ASTM.
Firestorm (tempete de feu, tormenta de
fuego, '-:J~ ....... l&.).
The coalescing of many fires into a
single big fire creating a convective
column, with very high temperatures.
Firestorms and superfires are now believed to be the cause of the greatest
number of casualties following nuclear
war.
Fission (nuclear) (fission,fision,)~I).
The splitting (fission) of a heavy nucleus
into two parts, with release of energy and
neutrons.
Cf. fission bomb, fusion, fusion
bomb, nuclear war, reactor.
33
Flash flood
Flash flood (crue eclair. inundacion repentina. ,j\j)o).
A local flood of sudden rise and short
duration with great volume, generally
due to very heavy rainfall in the vicinity.
Cf. precipitations, swell.
Flood (inondation. inundacion. ,jL...:i:i).
Overflow of areas which are not normally submerged, with water or stream
that has broken its normal confines,
and/or accumulated due to lack of
drainage.
Flood tide (jfot. flut. maree montante;
flujo. marea creciente. ~L... oM).
Syn: rising tide.
Fluoridation (jfuoration. fluoracion. 'J.,a).
Addition of certain prescribed quantities of fluoride in drinking water as
a preventive measure against dental
caries.
Food (aliment. alimento . •\..is
- ~W.).
Edible substance containing nutrients
which, on ingestion, maintain the vital
functions of a person or other living
organism.
Cf. conventional food, fortified food,
protective food, staple food.
tion group, community or country
suffering from food shortage or insufficient development.
Cf. food relief, supplementary feeding
programme.
Food and Agriculture Organization
(Organisation pour ['alimentation et
I'agriculture (FA 0). Organizacion de
las Naciones Unidas para fa Agricuftura y fa Alimentacion (FAO) . .wa:...
~G)~ '-! ~ \II).
The UN specialized agency that aims
to raise levels of nutrition, to improve
the production and distribution of all
agricultural and food products from
farms, forests and fisheries, and to
eliminate hunger. It promotes improved
soil and water management, better
crop yields, healthier livestock and
sound agricultural investment. Has an
Office of Special Relief Operations
(OSRO) for disaster situations and
mobilizing resources.
Syn: FAO.
Cf. drought, rural development,
United Nations, World Food Programme.
Food and nutrition indicators (indicateurs
de ['alimentation et de fa nutrition. indicadores de alimentacion y nutricion.
Food additive (additif alimentaire. aditivo
alimentario. ;';I~ <tL..Q...).
,-!..l;.;j~ ,-!~\rl -::"I,.-!;..).
Quantified data that indicate the quantity and quality of foodstuffs available
to a population. Examples: calorieI' or
proteins available per person; the
need/availability ratio of a foodstuff.
Cf. nutritional state indicators,
needs.
Substance intentionally added to food,
generally in small quantities, to improve its physical or chemical properties (appearance, aroma, consistency,
flavour) or preservation capacity, but
not its nutritional value. Examples:
colorant, emulsifier, stabilizer.
Cf. fortified food.
Food availability indicators (indicateurs
de ['alimentation. indicadores de alimentacion. \1...kJ1 )j -::"I,.-!;..).
Food aid (aide alimentaire. ayuda alimentaria. ;.;U.&O ~"....).
Cf. food and nutrition indicators.
Assistance rendered on an organized
basis, either free or Qn concessional
terms, to provide food to a popula-
Food consumption survey (enquete de
cansommation alimentaire. en cuesta
34
Food relief
sobre consumo de alimentos, C:i"----'
~..is\'1 !.l')l,:....I).
Survey designed to elicit qualitative
and quantitative information on food
consumption in a given community or
country.
Cf. corn-soya blend (CSB), corn-soya
milk (CSM), instant corn-soya milk
(ICSM), K-2 mix, soya-fortified bulghur (SFB), soya-fortified sorghum grits
(SFSG), wheat-soya blend (WSB),
wheat-soya milk (WSM).
Food enrichment (enrichissement des aliments, enriquecimiento de alimentos,
Food pattern (mode d'alimentation, pauta de
alimentacion, iWaJI ~).
Data on, or the profile of, the foods
consumed by a given community,
showing the kinds and amounts of the
principal foods eaten at any given
time.
Cf. food habits.
i WaJI ·L:.&.l)·
Syn: food fortification.
Cf. fortified food.
Food fortification (enrichissement des aliments, enriquecimiento de alimentos,
i WaJI ,i..;N).
Food fortification and food enrichment
are used interchangeably or synonymously.
Cf. fortified food.
Food poisoning (botulisme. intoxication
alimentaire,' intoxicacion alimentaria. botulismo. JI..iS. ~).
A general term describing the intestinal and other troubles caused by the
ingestion of food or water contaminated by germs, toxic substances and
other pathogens, or by an allergic reaction to certain proteins and chemical
substances in the food.
Cf. botulism, contamination, toxin.
Food habits (habitudes alimentaires, hilbitos alimentarios, ~1..iS. ..:..b\s.).
The ways in which an individual or
group utilizes foods and consumes
them in response to physiological, psychological, cultural, social and geographic influences.
Food hygiene (hygiene alimentaire, higiene
de los alimentos, ~..iS.\l1 ~).
That part of the science of hygiene that
deals with the principles and methods
of sanitation applied to the quality of
foodstuffs, to their processing, preparation, conservation and consumption
by man.
Cf. hygiene.
Food ionization (ionisation des aliments,
ionizacion de los alimentos, ~..iS. \II ~'\,;).
Treatment of foodstuffs by ionizing
radiation with the view to improving
their preservation.
Food ration (ration alimentaire. racion
alimentaria. iWaJI ,j' ;:,..-.).
Cf. ration (food).
Food refrigeration (refrigeration des aliments. refrigeracion de los alimentos.
~..iS. \II ~.?).
Method of food conservation by maintaining positive temperatures near O°C,
which has the effect of temporarily
slowing down microbial and enzymatic
processes.
Cf. cold chain.
Food relief (secours alimentaire. socorro
alimentario. ~1..iS. ~~l).
The provision of foodstuffs on a national or local scale to relieve sudden food
shortage and combat malnutrition in a
disaster.
Cf. emergency feeding, food aid.
Food mixture(s) (melange alimentaire,
mezc/as alimentarias, JI..iS. C:-f')'
Processed ready to use nutritional
food mixture(s) for use in nutritional
emergencies.
35
Food resources
over a given zone. Important in disaster
prevention.
Syn: weather forecast.
Cf. prevention, WMO, World Weather Watch.
Food resources (ressources alimentaires,
recursos alimentarios, ~I~ J)y).
The inventory and stock of foodstuffs
available and, in particular, required in
an emergency, including the system of
storage, warehouse facilities, markets,
distribution centres, emergency sources
and other food facilities that can be
used by the stricken population.
Forel scale (echelle de Forel, escala de
Forel, Ju,t ...,..l:4-).
Numerical scale indicating the colour
of the sea, extending from 0 (deep
blue) to 10 (potassium chromate yellow).
Cf. Douglas scale.
Food safety (hygiene des denrees alimentaires, higiene de los alimentos, ~')L.,
~~\'I ).
The component of food hygiene which
deals with the measures necessary to
ensure the innocuity, cleanliness, salubrity and intrinsic value of foodstuffs.
Cf. food hygiene, foodstuffs, hygiene.
Forestation (boisement, repoblaci6nforestal,~).
Establishment of a forest or plantation of trees, natural or man-made, in
an area where a forest was not previously present.
Cf. deforestation, desertification, reforestation.
Food shortage (penurie alimentaire, escasez de alimentos, ~~\'I ~).
Situation in which supplies of food
available in a country or region are
insufficient for the needs.
Food taboo (tabou alimentaire, tabU alimentario, ~I~ 0~#).
A social and/or religious interdiction
concerning the handling and consumption of certain foods.
Fortified food (aliment enrichi, alimento
enriquecido, j.i" rW,)·
Food in which the nutritive elements
have been intentionally increased or
added with the view to improving its
nutritional value or to prevent deficiency diseases. Examples: thiamine
added to white flour, vitamin D to
milk, iodine to salt.
Syn: enriched food.
Cr. deficiency disease, food additive,
food enrichment, food fortification.
Force (force,fuerza, 0';).
A numerical expression of the speed of
wind (wind force), or of the agitation of
the sea (sea force) or of the height of
waves.
Cf. Beaufort scale, Douglas scale,
wind, wind force, wave.
Fracture zone (fracture, faille .. jractura,
.rSJ I w..:..).
Abrupt and massive submarine dislocation over a long narrow band, where the
continuity of the solid structures is
interrupted by a transform fault.
Cf. transform fault, sliding fault.
Forecast (prevision (meteorologique) ,
parte meteorol6gico,';"':';).
Description of the meteorological conditions predicted for a given time and
Fratricide effect (eifet fratricide, efecto
jratricida, JI!.II ).>:..A;')\.! .las .,.;\;).
In nuclear ~ar, the inhibiting effect by
x-rays, blast, thermal waves, that a
Foodstuff (denree alimentaire, articulo alimentario, ~I~ )~).
Any raw or prepared product which can
be consumed by man as food.
36
Genetic aberration
Fund raising (collecte defonds, recoleccion
defondos, ..;...~~I ~).
nuclear detonation has on the power of
a second nuclear weapon on the same
target.
Cf. nuclear war.
Freighting
(affretement,
Appeal solliciting contributions and
seeking money for a humanitarian
cause.
Cf. donor agency, request for disaster
assistance.
jletamento,
)~I).
Cf. chartering.
Fungicide (fongicide,funguicida,
Frontal thunderstorm (orage frontal, frente
tormentoso, ~ ~...\?) ........,.~).
pi
Thunderstorm which occurs at the passage of a climatic front.
Frost (gel, getee, helada,
~).
A fall in the temperature of the air to
DoC or below, causing freezing on the
ground or in the air.
Fusion bomb (bombe
fusion, ~L.JjI aJ).
Syn: dried full cream milk, dried
whole milk, DFCM, DWM.
(fumigation,
afusion,
bomba de
Nuclear weapon in which the explosive power (other than the triggering
by fission) is derived from the fusion
of light nuclei, liberating energy and
radiation. There are nuclear weapons
which use a three-stage release of
energy - fission, fusion, fission (FFF
bomb).
Syn: hydrogen bomb, thermonuclear
bomb.
Cf. atom bomb, fission bomb, nuclear
war.
Full cream milk powder (lait entier en
poudre, leche entera en polvo,
r-..I.l1 J-l5' .:.,) Jr--).
Fumigation
Cr.>-..li ).
~).
Medicament or chemical compound
used to treat fungal infections and to
kill fungus.
Cf. pesticide.
fumigacion,
The process of dispersion of fine
gaseous particles of chemical agents
used to kill harmful animal species,
such as insects.
Cf. disinfestation.
G
Gale (coup de vent; viento duro, tormenta,
Gamma rays (rayons gamma, rayos
gamma, L.l$. ~i) .
Violent wind of force 8 or 9 on the
Beaufort scale.
Cf. Beaufort scale, cyclone, hurricane, storm, typhoon.
Electromagnetic radiation of very short
wavelength and high energy, composed
of photons emitted by the nuclei of
certain radionuclides, and accompanying many nuclear reactions, such as
fission.
Cf. fission, radionuclide.
....... ~ ).
Gale warning (avis de coup de vent, aviso
de viento duro, ........,WI .:r .I.jj.).
Meteorological message intended to
warn those concerned of the existence
or expected occurrence of a wind of
Beaufort force 8 or 9 over a specified
area.
Genetic aberration (aberration generique,
aberracion generica, JGJ e;j).
Abnormal changes in the germ cells
37
Genetics
caused by toxic pollutants or radiation.
Syn: chromosomal aberration.
Cf. Chernobyl, chromosome, radioactive contamination, Seveso, technological disaster.
topographic surface
reference system.
Cf. topography.
In
relation to a
Geographic longitude (longitude geographique. longitud geografica.
J~I J.,kJ1 J.>..).
Angular distance of any point on the
earth's surface, longitudinal lines east
or west of a standard meridian (0°)
situated at Greenwich.
Syn: longitude, terrestrial longitude.
Cf. latitude.
Genetics (generique. generica . ...:..L;GJ)'
The field of biological science that
deals with the phenomena and mechanisms of heredity. Genetic problems
may occur following toxic and radioactive disasters.
Cf. radioactive contamination, technological disaster.
Geomorphology (geomorphologie. geomorfologia . ...,..}-J 1 .~).
The science concerned with the earth's
surface and the evolution of the globe's relief features.
Geneva Conventions (Conventions de
Geneve. Convenciones de Ginebra. "':"~I
~).
The body of international agreements
consisting of four Conventions (1949)
and two Additional Protocols (1977),
concerning humanitarian treatment of
victims of armed conflict, and put
under the responsibility of the International Committee of the Red Cross.
The first Protocol regulates the care of
the wounded and sick soldiers on the
battlefield; the second is about the
care of the wounded, sick and shipwrecked in naval warfare; the third
on the treatment of prisoners of war;
the fourth on the protection of civilians
in time of war. Additional Protocols I
and II ensure more humane consideration not only in international conflicts
but also in national strife, such as the
treatment of guerilla fighters.
Cf. International Humanitarian Law,
Red Cross.
Glasshouse effect (eifet de serre. efecto
de invernadero. ~~)i ~..ul .r.-:'~).
In addition to natural heat release
from the earth into the atmosphere,
there is increasing industrial, man-made
heat production (combustion of coal,
petroleum and natural gas) releasing
the gas carbon dioxide (C0 2) into the
atmosphere. While CO 2 is essentially
transparent to incoming solar energy,
it is not transparent to re-radiated
energy emitted by the earth itself. Thus
a heating process referred to as the
"glasshouse" or "hothouse" effect is
produced, with widescale environmental
consequences.
Syn: hothouse phenomenon.
Cf. atmospheric pollution, nuclear
winter, ozone depletion.
GLAWARS Commission report (rapport
GLAWARS. Informe GLAWARS (Estudio
de riesgos de guerra en la Zona del
Gran Londres).
j)J~ ~..I.};
(i$~1 .j.J..:.I '-'.6.;.. .j '-7'~1 )01,;... ...... G~)
The extensive investigation carried out
by the Greater London Area War
Risk Study Commission on the likely
Geodetics (geodesie. geodesia. ~L--l.1
~I).
A geographic and mathematical science
that seeks to define the shape of the
earth and that detennine.s the areas
and different points on the earth's
38
Gust
Cf. basal metabolic rate, endemic
disease, deficiency disease.
effects of modern warfare on a major
metropolitan centre like London. Published under the title "London Under
Attack", its conclusions have been
found applicable to most modern urban
centres; translated into Italian under
the title of "Attacco alia Cittli".
Cf. WHOPAX Report, armed conflict, civil defence, nuclear war.
Gonorrhoea (blennoragie, gonorrea, 0J1.:....).
Sexually transmitted disease due to
Neisseria gonorrheae, usually manifest
by urethritis in men, vaginitis or cervicitis in women and opththalmia in
infants.
Cf. sexually transmitted disease, venereal disease.
Global frequency (jrequence globale, Jrecuencia global, (JI )Ifll).
Term used for prevalence, but not
recommended.
Cf. prevalence.
Greenwich mean time (temps universel
Greenwich (GMT), hora Greenwich
(GMT), .l.....jll ..}:...)}- -:...;ij).
Universal coordinated standard reference time based on the time at
the Royal Observatory in Greenwich,
England, at 0° longitude. Usually referred to as GMT. West of Greenwich
the hour is -GMT, and to the East,
+ GMT.
Syn: GMT, universal coordinated
time.
Glowing avalanche (coulee incandescente
(type-souJriere) , corriente incandescente,
~.f-' )~I).
A form of ash flow, resulting from
incandescent tephra streaming along
the slopes of the volcano.
Cf. ash flow, tephra, volcano.
Glowing cloud (nuee ardente, nube ardiente, ~.f-' ~b.....).
Burning mixture of volcanic gas and
suspended solid particles falling by
gravity and by the pressure of gases
along the flancs of the erupting volcano.
Syn: "Nuee ardente".
Cf. ash flow, volcano, falling cloud.
Gross national product (produit national
brut (P N B), producto nacional bruto
( PN B), J~)l1 i f "All ~l:.ll).
The total value"of all goods and services produced in a country during a
given period, usually a year, expre~sed
in monetary terms, at current pnces.
Abbreviated as GNP.
Ground level concentration (concentration au niveau du sol, concentracion al
nivel del suelo,
./)'1 1
1.S.f--' j? :,f)).
Syn: concentration at ground level.
Goal (but, objetivo, . j...... ).
A defined aim towards which to strive,
and the actions taken to achieve it.
Example: the goal may be to have
an environment that is conducive to
health, or to have primary health care
available to everybody in a refugee
settlement.
Cf. objective, plan, target.
do--
Ground swell (lame de Jond, mar de Jondo,
<..J~ ~"..).
Popular expression describing solitary
high wave(s).
Ground zero (point zero, punto cero,
~)'1I;....JI ;J.U;).
Syn: hypocentre.
Goitre, goiter (goitre, bocio, JGJ).
Benign and diffuse enlargement of the
thyroid gland due to lack of iodine,
endemic in certain areas of the world.
Gust (ra/ale .. ra/aga, racha, ~).
Syn: squall.
39
Habitat
H
Habitat (habitat. hitbitat. Jr)'
I. The ecological frame and dwelling
place to which a species or community
is adapted.
2. The space occupied by man for his
domestic life and related activities.
3. Shortened name for the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements.
tal and social well being, and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity. - WHO.
2. The state of an individual or a community free from disabilitating conditions, demonstrating a reasonable
resistance to diseases and living in a
salubrious environment.
Habituation (accoutumance. adquisicion
de un hitbito. )yv).
The process by which an organism (or
society) becomes gradually accustomed
and insensitive to certain changes In
the environment.
Cf. environment, society.
Health education (education sanitaire.
educacion sanitaria. ~ ~).
The approaches and techniques used
to promote sanitary living habits in
the community and to inculcate knowledge and practices of hygienic behaviour as the basic element of primary
health care within personal and national development.
Half-life (periode radioactive. periodo
radiactivo. ~I ..:r-)I).
Cf. radioactive half-life.
Health resources (ressources sanitaires.
recursos de sa Iud . .;....... ~JIy).
Inventory of medical and related personnel, of health services, hospitals
and clinics, public or private medical
and drug supplies, pharmaceutical distributors with records of stocks of
medicines and vaccines and other
health facilities.
Harnessing (captage .. captacion. toma.
~).
Cf. water harnessing.
Hazard (risque. riesgo. )a>-).
The probability of the occurrence of a
disaster caused by a natural phenomenon (earthquake, cyclone), or by failure of man-made sources of energy
(nuclear reactor, industrial explosion)
or by uncontrolled human activity
(overgrazing, heavy traffic, conflicts). UNDRO.
Some authors use the term in a broader sense, including vulnerability, elements at risk and the consequences of
risk.
Cf. elements at risk, natural hazard,
risk, vulnerability.
Hepatitis (hepatite. hepatitis. ~I '"":"'t;JI).
Any inflammation of the liver due to
infection, allergy or toxic substances.
Includes acute viral hepatitis (A and
B) and other types.
Cf. viral hepatitis (A and B).
Herbicide (herbicide. herbicida ......1-0--:-....
,_.-l..~\lI).
H-bomb (bombe H. bomba H ..........-:-..--.J
4JJ..!.A)·
Syn: hydrogen bomb.
Chemical compound used to kill undesirable plants and weeds. In chemical
warfare, used as a weapon to kill vegetation.
Cf. chemical warfare, defoliant, pesticide.
Health (sante. salud. ---..).
I. The state of complete physical, men-
High pressure area (anticyclone. anticiclon.
Jl&- .k;..,.;. w..:..).
40
Hurricane
Syn: anticyclone.
High pressure ridge (crete anticyclonique.
cresta anticiclimica . .k;..,.;JI c!/ .y;).
Extension of a high pressure zone in a
less elevated zone.
Cf. atmospheric pressure, anticyclone.
High seas (haute mer. alta mar.
Jt?i
)b..JI ).
1. That part of the sea that is out of
vision from the coast.
2. Waters situated beyond the territorial sea and free of any sovereignty.
The "Boat people" were attacked on
the high seas outside Vietnam.
Syn: open sea.
Cf. piracy.
Hijacking (piraterie aerienne. pirateria
aerea . ..j\h::..:.I).
Any illegal violent action committed
mainly in an airplane, sometimes on
the highway, for private or political
ends.
Cf. piracy.
Hookworm (ankylostomiase. anquilostomiasis. ~ o~p).
Syn: ankylostomiasis.
Hostage (btage. rehen. y).
Person abducted by force and held
against his will, used for political pressure or monetary gain.
Cf. food consumption survey, socioeconomic survey.
Housing (hebergement .. vivienda. alojamiento . .:>l5:.....t).
The act of providing a person with
shelter or temporary lodgings.
Syn: sheltering.
Human development (developpement humain. desarrollo humano. ~.A ~).
Progress of individuals - and by
extension of their community - towards fulfilment of their mal1ual, intellectual and cultural capacities and of
their personal potentialities.
Cf. development.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
(virus VIH. virus VIH.
",.rJ 1 d"111
jyJI V'J~).
The causal organism of AIDS.
Syn: HIV.
Cf. AIDS, immunodeficiency.
Human settlement (etablissement humain.
asentamiento humano. ~.A 4.:.1.,::.--).
An organized system of varying size from village to metropolis - which
englobes in one functional whole the
community, its habitat and its activities.
Cf. habitat, community.
Humanitarian (humanitaire. humanitario.
Jl.Jl ).
Household (menage .. hogar. familia.
~ o.ri ).
A family, or several persons forming a
domestic commonality, living under
the same roof.
Syn: household unit.
Cf. community.
Action undertaken for the advancement
of the welfare of humanity without
regard to race, religion or politics.
Cf. International humanitarian law.
Hunger (faim. hambre. ~).
The physical and mental complex of
unpleasant sensations provoked by
deprivation of food and relieved by
the ingestion of food.
Cf. famine, food.
Household survey (enquete sur les menages. encuesta sobre familias . .r~I e::-').
Any study or enquiry which is based
on household samples. For example,
food consumer surveys, preference surveys, demographic surveys.
Hurricane (ouragan. huracim. ) ...-l).
A tropical cyclone of wind fqrce 12 on
41
Hurricane warning
the Beaufort scale, that is, more than
58 knots. Hurricanes of the West
Indies, Western Pacific typhoons and
Bay of Bengal cyclones are essentially
the same phenomenon; now all tend
to be called tropical cyclones.
Cf. Beaufort scale, cyclone, gale,
typhoon.
structure and characteristics, the distribution and dynamics of its underground water, and useful indications
regarding the evaluation and harnessing
of its subterranean water resources.
Cr. water harnessing.
Hydrography (hydrographie. hidrografia.
..>~I ~t»).
Hurricane warning (avis d·ouragan. aviso
de huracim. )_4;.'1 1 .:r .r.J.i).
I. Science that deals with the complex
system of water covering the earth's
surface.
2. Applied science which compiles and
cartographically presents the navigable
depths of the oceans and of the surrounding areas to help safe navigation.
Meteorological message intended to
warn those concerned of the existence
or expected occurrence of a wind of
Beaufort force 12 over a specified area.
Cf. cyclone warning, gale warning,
storm warning, typhoon warning.
Hydrological basin (bassin hydrologique.
cuenca hidrol6gica. JI.. ..j>~).
Hydatid disease (echinococcose hydatique.
equinococosis hidatica. ,-,)..u.ll .I..ul).
Intestinal and liver (sometimes pulmonary) infection, often clinically silent,
caused by the larvae or cysts of the
Echinococcus tapeworm, which uses
sheep, cattle and especially the dog as
host. The Casoni test is usually indicative.
Syn: echinococcosis, hydatidosis, hydatid cyst.
Cr. enteric diseases, parasitic diseases.
Syn: river basin.
Hydrology (hydrologie. hidrologia,
.l;ll f-)'
The science that deals with the hydrosphere. Depending on the field of
application, there is marine hydrology
(oceanography) and continental hydrography (potamology, limnology, hydrogeology, glaciology, etc.).
Cf. hydrosphere.
Hydatidosis (hydatidose. hidatidosis.
Hydrosphere (hydrosphere, hidrosfera,
"..;I..u.ll ";"L?JI .b).
JLl.1 .l:..$1).
Syn: hydatid disease.
The ~omplex of all the waters of the
globe existing between the atmosphere,
the Iitosphere, the continental waters, the
oceans and the seas.
Cr. atmosphere.
Hydrogen bomb (bombe a hydrogene.
bomba de hidr6geno. 4J..> ..... ~).
Nuclear weapon in which the explosive power is derived from fusion which
liberates energy and radiation.
Syn: H-bomb, fusion bomb, thermonuclear bomb.
Cr. fusion, nuclear war, fission bomb.
Hygiene (hygiene, higiene.
-
~
Science that deals with the principles,
methods and practical aspects of disease prevention, sanitation and improvement of health. It is usually divided
into such fields as personal hygiene,
domestic hygiene, food hygiene, industrial hygiene.
Hydrogeological map (carte hydrogeologique. mapa hidrogeol6gico.
"':1..
~
.<........JI ).
~}~ ~.r').
The synthetic map of a given territory
showing the extent of its hydrological
42
Immunodeficiency
beneath an air explosion of a nuclear
bomb.
Syn: ground zero.
Cf. epicentre.
Hypernutrition (suralimentation. sob realimentacion. ~..i;.:J1 J...,.:.).
The opposite of undernutrition, resulting in a pathological state due to
excessive intake of food, rich in calories, leading to obesity.
Syn: overnutrition.
Cf. malnutrition.
Hypovitaminosis (hypovitaminose. hipovitaminosis . ..:..l:-1.:.:Al1 ..,.u;).
Deficiency in a given vitamin, leading to
disease.
Syn: vitamin deficiency.
Hypocentre (hypocentre. hipocentro. ?f
" ").
point on the ground vertically
~e
Ice pack (banquise. banco de hielo. 4\1.
~*).
The masses of ice in the polar regions
formed by the freezing of sea water.
Examples: coastal ice pack, floating
ice pack.
Syn: barrier, pack ice.
Ice storm (tempete givrante. tormenta
escarchante. ~ ........ l>.).
Intense formation of frost and ice on
objects by the freezing of drops of
rain or drizzle on impact.
Illegal immigrant (immigre c1andestin.
inmigrante ilegal. ';jl.i .# ?4--).
Person who has entered a country irregularly with the aim of residing there
temporarily or permanently. Asylum
seekers are usually not treated as illegal immigrants.
Cf. migration, territorial asylum.
Immigrant (immigre. inmigrante, ?4-..Ii~).
Person who arrives in a new country
for personal, economic, social or political reasons, and who plans to reside
there.
Cf. emigrant, immigration, migrant.
43
Immigration (immigration. inmigracion.
-A -p).
The massive arrival of persons in a
country other than their own, usually
following a disaster or political upheaval, and the process of their settling in the host country.
Cf. displaced persons, emigration,
exodus, migration, refugee.
Immunization (immunisation. inmunizacion.
Rendering a person or animal immune to certain infections by the process of injecting either antigen or a
serum containing specific antibodies.
Cf. vaccination, Expanded Programme on Immunization (WHO).
Immunodeficiency (immunodeficience. inmunodeficiencia. ~\;.,. jr).
Defective or defi"cient immunological
mechanisms of the body due to insufficiency in one of the components of
the immune process or to a defect in
the B-Iymphocyte or T-lymphocyte
systems. Immunilogical deficit may
result from infection, as in AIDS, or
excessive radiation, as in nuclear war,
or toxic substances.
c? -
r)'
Incidence
Syn: immune deficiency, immunological deficit.
Cf. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Infestation (infestation, infestacion. )L.!..;,..I).
The penetration and development of
arthropods and parasites on the body
or in clothing.
Cf. disinfestation, disinsection, infection, parasitic disease.
Incidence (incidence, frequence des cas
nouveaux; incidencia, ~J..l.> - t/J)'
The number of new cases of a disease
or injury or of sick persons or casualties, in a given population, in a specified period of time. It should not be
confused with prevalence.
Cf. prevalence.
Insecticide (insecticide, insecticida,
..:..trJ-I ~).
Chemical compound used for the de··
struction of insects harmful to man,
animals and plants.
Cf. pesticide.
Incubation period (periode d'incubation,
periodo de incubacion, <;~I .;;).
I. The interval between the time of
infection of a person or animal and
the appearance of the first sign or
symptom of the disease.
2. In malaria, the time needed for the
completion of sporogony in the mosquito, until the stage of its becoming
infective.
Cf. carrier.
Instant corn-soy a-milk (melange ins tantane mars-soja-lait, mezcla instantanea
maiz-soya-leche,
.;JJ~ ~.,....J~ .)-UI .f 4$)} ~).
Nutritional food mixture consisting of:
59.2 % cornmeal, processed, gelatinized
17.5 % soya flour, defatted, toasted
15.0% non-fat dry milk, spray processed
5.5 % soya oil, refined, deodorized,
stabilized
2.7% mineral premix
0.1 % vitamin, premix anti-oxidant
Syn: ICSM.
Cf. food mixtures, nutrition.
Industrial complex (complexe industriel,
complejo industrial, cr\.:...... ~).
The aggregate of physical facilities
and interdependent economic activities grouped around a base industry.
Integration
J-\5:; ).
Infection (infection, infeccion, i.SJ/
(integration,
integracion,
The unconscious processes or planned
operations whereby separate elements,
individuals, people or communities
assemble to form a whole, in which
the varying characteristics are less'
marked or where the resulting system
acquires new characteristics.
Cf. acculturation, absorption, assimilation, minorities.
~).
the entry and development or multiplication of an infectious agent (virus,
bacteria, fungus, parasite) in the body
of man or animal.
Cf. communicable disease, infestation,
parasitic disease.
Infectious disease (maladie transmissible,
maladie infectieuse; enfermedad infecciosa, ..p->- <..J"f - <-?.w <..J"f).
Cf. communicable disease.
Intensity (seismic) (intensite seismique,
intensidad sismica, (Ji))I) •.J...!.).
The degree of shaking or of vibrations, signifying the intensity of an
earthquake as measured numerically
on the Mercalli scale.
Infectious hepatitis (hepatite infectieuse,
hepatitis infecciosa, i.S..w1 J...5JI ....,\:J,I).
Cf. hepatitis.
.
"
.
44
International humanitarian law
tection for all people in different countries, collaborates with governments
and other organizations in preparedness
and response to natural and man-made
disasters, and promotes safer environment conducive to development.
Syn: ICDO.
Cf. civil defence, civil protection.
Cf. earthquake, magnitude, Mercalli
scale, Richter scale.
International assistance (aide internationale, asistencia (ayuda) internacional,
4J~ ":"I~L,.).
Assistance provided by one or more
countries or international and voluntary organizations to a country in
need, usually for development or for an
emergency. The four main ~lements of
assistance within the international
community are:
(a) the intergovernmental agencies United Nations, Common Market
(b) non-governmental organizations
(c) the Red Cross, and
(d) bilateral agreements.
Cf. bilateral cooperation, donor,
non-governmental organizations, Red
Cross, technical assistance.
International Committee of the Red Cross
(Comite International de la Croix-Rouge
(CICR) , Comite Internacional de la
Cruz Roja (CICR) ,
r>':J 1 ~ 4J..u1 ~I).
Syn: ICRe.
Cf. Red Cross.
International community (communaute
internationale, comunidad internacional,
.JJ..u1 ~I).
Cf. mternational assistance.
International Federation of Medical Students' Associations (Federation Internationale des Associations d'Etudiants en
Medecine, Federacion Internacional de
Associaciones de Estudiantes de Medicina, -.,..kI1 ~ ..:..4 .JJ..u1 ~Li':JI).
Independent federation of national medical students' organizations which, besides being concerned with standards of
medical education, public health and
relevant medical curricula, promotes
prevention of nuclear war, training in
disaster medicine and programmes for
refugee health. NGO in official relations with WHO and the UN system.
Syn: IFMSA.
International Atomic Energy Agency
(Agence Internationale de I'Energie Atomique, Organismo Internacional de Energia At6mica, ~jJl 6.ill..J.l 4J..u1 4J1S'")1).
UN specialized agency for the peaceful
uses of atomic energy; promotes the
contribution of this energy to peace,
health and prosperity, and ensures that
it is not used for military purposes.
Supervises the safety and monitors accidents of nuclear installations, but is not
involved in non-peaceful nuclear (weapons) questions.
Syn: IAEA.
Cf. Chernobyl, environmental pollution, nuclear reactor, trans-boundary
pollution, United Nations.
International humanitarian law (droit
internationalhumanitaire,derechohumanitario internacional,
JL.;)'I .JJ..u1 0jL<lI).
Humanitarian legislation comprised
mainly of the four Geneva Conventions
(1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977), intimately associated with
the responsibilities of the International
International Civil Defence Organization
(Organisation Internationale de Protection Civile, Organizaci6n Internacional de
Proteccion Civil, J..ul t.li..llJ 4J..u1 <....l:cll).
Inter-governmental organization with
major role in society's response
to serious emergencies. It develops,
strengthens and coordinates civil pro45
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
Committee of the Red Cross and of the
National Red Cross or Red Crescent
Societies. Its main purpose is to provide
protection and assistance to victims of
armed conflict. Also referred to as the
Law of War, the Law of Geneva.
Cf. Geneva Conventions, humanitarian, Red Cross.
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (/nternationale de
Medecins pour la Prevention de la
Guerre Nucleaire (fPPNW) , Medicos
fnternacionales para la Prevenci6n de la
Guerra Nuclear (fPPNW) ,
cations. Important activity in early warning systems for disasters.
Syn: lTV.
Cf. satellite, space station.
Intertidal (intertidal, intermareas,
-')-~ ..ul ~ if-UI ~.rJI).
The coastal strip between the highest
and the lowest levels of the tide.
Cf. tide.
Intestinal diseases (maladies intestinales,
enfermedades intestinales, ~.,.... ,-",,~i).
Syn: enteric diseases.
Cf. diarrhoeal diseases.
,-:",)-1 .J' ~li}1 .y,.'1 .J' .w.~ "-::lJJ.JI ~i)1
~J.fll ).
International non-governmental association of physicians that strives to
mobilize the moral and social responsibility of the medical profession in face
of nuclear war and encourages actions
and decisions for the prevention of
nuclear war.
Syn: IPPNW.
Cf. nuclear war, GLA WARS Report, WHOPAX Report.
International protection (protection internationale, protecci6n internacional,
'-:-IJ) ~~).
Protection of refugees undertaken by
the High Commissioner for Refugees
on behalf of the international community.
Cf. refugee protection, UNHCR.
Ion (ion, ion, .J).
An originally neutral atom which has
become electrically charged by losing or
acquiring electrons. Loss of an electron
results in a positive ion (cation), and
acquisition in a negative ion (anion).
Cf. ionizing radiation, ionosphere.
Ionizing radiation (rayonnements ionisants,
radiaciones ionizantes, ~j..o t.t..!l).
Any electromagnetic radiation that,
when passing through matter, can produce ions. Includes X-rays, alpha-,
beta-, gamma-rays, neutrons, protons.
Cf. ion, cosmic raaiation, radiation
injury, kerma.
Ionosphere (ionosphere, ionos/era,
J.Y. ~I 1$';"1 j')WI).
The zone of the atmosphere, from
about 70 km to 500 km, in which
charged particles, ions and electrons are
formed by photo-ionization under the
effect of the sun's radiation.
International Telecommunication Union
(Union fnternationale des Telecommunications (UfT) , Union fnternacional de
Telecomunicaciones (UfT) ,
Ionospheric sounding (telesolldage ionospherique, telesondeo ionos/erico,
..;.,\'L...a;')IJ ..,lJJ.JI '$L')IJ~ ~I )~\'I).
J.Y.~I 1$';"1 j')WI.r.-).
UN specialized agency for international
cooperation in the rational use and improvement of all telecommunications,
including radio, television, telegraph,
telephone and satellite space communi-
Determination of the vertical profile of
the electronic density of the ionosphere, by measuring the echo of multiple frequency radioelectric signals.
46
Kwashiorkor
Cf. ionosphere, meteorological sounding, sounding.
On a map or chart, the line drawn
joining the points that have the same
temperature.
Irrigation (irrigation. irrigaciim. regadio.
Isotope (isotope. isOtopo . .r.Ja;).
1$.».
In agriculture, the watering of land to
compensate for a lack or shortage of
rainfall in certain areas and periods.
Each of the nuclides having the same
atomic number (electrons) and thus
sharing identical chemical properties.
(The number of neutrons differs.)
Isotherm (isotherme. isoterma •
•))-1
i$JL..;
.J..,:.).
J
Jaundice Uaunisse. ictericia.
Jettison Uettison. echazim. r:J1
':"li~).
A yellow discolouration of the skin,
the sclera of the eyes and other tissues
due to excess bile in the circulation.
May be caused by several diseases,
including hepatitis, malaria, haemorrhagic fever, yellow fever, wrong blood
transfusion, haemolysis, drugs.
Syn: icterus.
Cf. hepatitis, yellow fever.
J cj).
In transport and shipping it means
washing overboard. Voluntary throwing of cargo overboard in emergencies
to prevent further damage to the ship
or to other cargo. In cases of general
average the value of jettisoned goods
enters into calculation of expenses.
Cf. average.
K
K-2 Mix (melange K-2. mezcla K-2.
of nuclear arms, equivalent to one
thousand tons of TNT. The borrib on
Hiroshima was of 12.5 kt, on Nagasaki, 22 kt.
Symb: kt.
Cf. megaton, nuclear war, TNT.
":iJ~1 c!J' Ju.~ t:,jo).
High-protein food mixture containing
casein hydrolysate, sucrose and milk.
Cf. food mixtures.
Kala-azar (kala-azar. kala-azar. )G~).
Kwashiorkor (kwashiorkor. kwashiorkor.
Syn: visceral leishmaniasis.
Kerma (kerma. kerma.
)~r. G~.
L.o.}~·l
Acronymic term for Kinetic Energy
Released in Matter, the measure of
intensity of ionizing radiation at a
given place. The dose is expressed in
grays.
Cf. ionizing radiation.
Kiloton (kilotonne (kt). kilotonelada (kt).
.)o}:S').
A measure of the explosive power
47
A serious form of protein-calorie malnutrition that occurs most frequently in
infants and young children about the
time of weaning. Presents with oedema,
wasting, dermatitis, hair changes, anaemia, diarrhoea, lethargy, apathy and
stunted growth.
Cf. anaemia, malnutrition, proteincalorie malnutrition, marasmus .
Lahar
L
radiation that is needed to kill 50 % of
the persons in a population in a given
time.
Cr. dose, lethal dose.
Lahar (lahar. lahar. ~ j.J.j).
Acid ash flow, generally enrobing volcanic blocks as a result of imbibition
of the ash with water.
Cf. ash flow, volcano.
League of Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies (Ligue des Societes de la
Croix-rouge et du Croissant-rouge.
Liga de Sociedades de la Cruz Roja y
de la Media Luna Roja.
r->\l1 J':>U~ r->\l1 ~I ..:..~ ~G)·
Syn: LRCS, LICROSS.
Cr. Red Cross.
Landslide (glissement de terrain. corrimiento de tierras. JI:rI).
A massive "nd more or less rapid
sliding down of soil and rock, causing
damage in its path.
Cr. avalanche, mud slide.
Lassa fever (fievre de Lassa. fiebre de
Lassa. L. ') .r».
A viral disease of wild rodents, highly
contagious and fatal to man. Sporadic
cases of outbreaks occur mainly in
West Africa.
Cr. haemorrhagic fever.
Leishmaniasis (leishmaniose. leishmaniasis . .:...l:i~1 .b).
A group of diseases caused by Leishmania and transmitted by the sandfly.
Cf. cutaneous leishamniasis, Kalaazar, visceral leishmaniasis.
Leptospirosis (/eptospirose. leptospirosis.
..:..Lf..,JI .b).
An infectious and potentially serious
disease (with meningitis, liver failure)
caused by a variety of Leptospira, transmitted from animals through contaminated water, vegetation or food. Can
cause jaundice (Weil's syndrome). Heavy
floods in 1988 caused an epidemic of
leptospirosis in Brazil.
Syn: Weil's disease, infectious jaundice.
cr. epidemic, jaundice, zoonosis.
Latitude (latitude. latitud. ./f .b:.).
In the geographical system of spherical coordinates, the angular distance
of a point from a fundamental plane,
computed from this plane 0 to 90 0
towards the (positive) North Pole and
o to -90 0 towards the South. The equator marks 0 0 •
Cr. geographic longitude.
Lava flow (coutee de lave. corriente de
lava. ,=,lS"".r.-I1 ~I).
The residual molten magma and ash
that, after a volcanic eruption, flows
down rather slowly over the mountain
side.
Lethal dose 50 (dose lethale 50. dosis
letal 50. ~ ~li Os.?).
The radiation dose that kills 50% of
the exposed people in a given time.
Syn: LD-50.
Law of the sea (droit de la mer. derecho
del mar. ~/I .J}lA.II).
The system of international laws and
regulations governing the marine areas
and their utilization, and the persons
associated with such activity.
Life expectancy (esperance de vie. expectativa de vida. '~I ":"W}).
The probability of the average duration of life in a community, statistically based on death rates.
Cf. death rate, mortality rate.
LD50 (LD-50. DL-50. ~. ~li Os.?).
The dose of a toxic substance or of
48
Malaria
Life support (assistance a la vie, auxilio
de supervivencia, o~1 ~lA,;l).
Emergency help and specialized assistance to a disaster victim to maintain
his vital functions.
Syn: cardiopulmonary resuscitation,
CPR.
The range of operational activities
concerned with supply, storage, transport and evacuation.
Louse infestation (pediculose, pediculosis,
JV).
Skin condition caused by the invasion
of the body by lice. Can lead to secondary infection.
Syn: pediculosis.
Lighter (chaland; gabarra, barcaza, J~).
Barge that comes alongside a vessel
on which cargo is unloaded or loaded,
when this cannot be done at a quay or
wharf.
Lugol's iodine (solute de Lugol, solucion
de Lugol, Jy,) J#).
A pharmaceutical solution of iodine
and potassium iodide. Its ingestion
saturates the thyroid gland which
takes up the iodine in the blood, a
property that is used as a prophylactic
measure in exposure to radioactivity,
as its administration blocks further
iodine uptake by the thyroid.
Syn: Lugol's solution.
Cf. basal metabolic rate, goitre.
Littoral (littoral. litoral, j>L..).
Coastline where the sea, land and atmosphere meet.
Syn: coast.
Lixiviation (lessivage, eluviation; lixiviacion. ~ - c;.;).
Degradation of the soil or of certain
superficial layers by the downward
flow of earth mixtures in solution.
Logistics (/ogistique. logistica .
..:...~~\..Lo\
-
..:...~)).
M
Magma (magma. magma. o)~).
The molten stratum beneath the earth's
crust.
Cf. earthquake, intensity, Mercalli
scale, Richter scale.
Malaria (paludisme, malaria; paludismo,
malaria, ~.J')\.. - .I~/.).
A parasitic infection characterized by
cycles of chills, fever, sweating, anaemia, enlarged spleen and a chronic
relapsing course. Four types of parasites - plasmodium vivax, P.falciparum,
P. malariae and P. ovale - affect man,
through infection by the anopheles
mosquito. Most malarious areas are
in the tropics. Disasters, like floods
and refugee encampments, are conducive to the propagation of the disease.
Cf: endemic, parasitic diseases.
Magnetic storm (orage magnetique. tormenta magnetica, ~ ......... t&.).
Unforeseen and sudden storm with a
variation of the declination by up to 2
to 3 degrees in a few hours and lasting
for several days.
Magnitude of earthquake (magnitude
seismique. magnitud de terremoto. )..Li.
(J~)\
oj»).
The "size" of an earthquake, expressing
the amount of energy released in the
form of elastic waves as measured by
a seismograph, on a scale such as
Richter's.
49
Malnutrition
Marasmus (athrepsie, marasmo, j..;.).
Malnutrition (malnutrition, malnutriciim,
Cf. nutritional marasmus.
oj"').
A general or specific pathological state
resulting from an absence or deficiency
in the diet of one or more essential
nutriments, and either clinically manifest or detectable only by examination
or physiological tests. Malnutrition can
also be due to an excess of the wrong
food.
Cf. nutritional deficiency, Kwashiorkor, protein-calorie malnutrition, undernutrition.
~.i;.;J1
Marginality (marginalite, marginalidad,
~LA).
The position of an individual or group
of persons who stand on the boundary
between two groups, feeling marginal
and uncertain about their status in
either.
Cf. absorption, acculturation, ethnic
group, minorities.
Maritime climate (climat maritime, c1ima
Mandate refugee (refugie relevant du man-
maritimo, r,;~ tl:...)·
The climate of regions adjacent to the
sea, characterized by small diurnal or
ann ual (or both) ampli tudes oftemperature, and by high relative humidity.
Cf. continental climate, equatorial
climate, monsoon climate, mountain
climate, tropical climate.
dat, refugiado acogido al mandato,
'-:lJ..uI~W~ o..r:-'1).
Person who is considered to be a
refugee according to the criteria of the
statutes of UNHCR.
Cf. refugee.
Manifest (manifeste, manifiesto,
~I";li).
Maximum acceptable concentration (con-
In transport and shipping, list of the
consignments placed on board an aircraft or ship.
Manioc (manioc: mandioca. name . ...:....,,:..,..).
Meal made from the roots of the cassava plant. The staple food in many
tropical countries.
Cf. cassava, staple food.
Man-made disaster (catastrophe du
a
l'homme, desastre debido al hombre.
~w......1 4.:)\5).
centration maximale admissible, concentracion maxima admisible,
J.r.il I ~'JI ;:5";J I ).
The presence of a pollutant or potentially harmful agent in the air, in food
and in water to a degree that, on
absorption by an organism, it will
remain below the maximum allowed
dose.
Cf. absorbed dose, maximum acceptable dose.
Maximum acceptable dose (dose maximale
A disaster caused not by natural phenomena but by man's or society's action,
involuntary or voluntary, sudden or
slow, directly or indirectly, with grave
consequences to the population and the
environment. Examples: technological
disaster, toxicological disaster, desertification, environmental pollution, conflict,
epidemics, fires.
Cf. disaster, natural disa.ster, technological disaster.
admissible. dosis maxima admisible,
iJ.r.il 1 r,;.".....<I1
~)-I).
The maximum quantity of a substance
or energy which, in the present state
of scientific knowledge, does not seem
to provoke appreciable disturbances
in the receiving person or his descendants.
Cf. absorbed dose, maximum acceptable concentration, nuclear energy.
50
Migrant
Measles (rougeole, sarampion, ~).
A highly contagious acute disease of
childhood, characterized by a spreading
skin rash, fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, eruption of the buccal
mucosa (Koplik's spots) and prostration. Overcrowding and disaster conditions are conducive to outbreaks, with
high mortality, especially among the
malnourished.
Cf. Expanded Programme on Immunization.
12 Total damage; large displacements of earth.
Cf. earthquake, Richter scale.
Meteorological sounding (telesondage meteorologique, telesondeo meteorologico,
<,:';'-1 JI,,>\II t.')U..;.....I).
Determination of the profile of the
atmosphere at different altitudes, usually by means of radio or satellite
signals.
Cf. ionospheric sounding, remote
sounding, WMO, World Weather
Watch.
Megaton (megatonne (Mt), megatonelada
(Mt), J.~).
A measure of the explosive power of
nuclear arms, equivalent to 4.187 x
\0 15 joules, or about the equivalent of
one million tons of TNT.
Symb: Mt.
Cf. fission bomb, fusion bomb, nuclear war, TNT, kiloton.
Meteorology (meteorologie, meteorologia,
<,:';'-1 ~L.....)\II f),
The science of the atmosphere and
of the phenomena that occur in it.
Meteorological forecasting can help
prevent or mitigate disasters.
Cf. atmosphere.
Mercalli scale (echelle de Mercalli, escala
Meteosat (meteosat, meteosat, .:..L..r.--).
The European geostationary satellite,
located above the equator on the
prime meridian from where it can
observe and transmit images of the
meteorological conditions over the
whole of Africa, much of Europe and
the Atlantic and part of South America. Other operational systems include
TIROS-N (USA), METEOR (USSR)
and, for hydrology and oceanography,
the LANDSAT.
Cf. International Telecommunication
Union, meteorology, World Weather
Watch, World Meteorological Organization.
de Mercalli, J1l5"'/ V"'L:A--).
Numerical scale from 1 to 12, indicating
the intensity of an earthquake:
1 No movement felt
2 Felt by a few people
3 Felt indoors; slight swaying of
hanging objects
4 Vibrations felt; squeaking of
wooden buildings
5 Felt by almost everyone; awakening from sleep
6 Felt by everyone; fright and flight
7 Difficulty to stand up; objects and
chimneys fall
8 Driving difficult; partial collapse
of buildings
9 General
panic;
considerable
damage
10 Destruction of buildings and some
bridges
11 Few structures remain standing;
railway tracks lifted; water pipelines burst
Migrant (migrant, migrante,?lf.o).
A person who voluntarily moves from
one country to another for personal,
economic, social or political reasons.
(Distinguish between emigrant and
immigrant.)
Cf. emigrant, immigrant.
51
Migration
Migration (migration. migraciim. 0/.""').
Movement of people across national
regions or international boundaries
for the purpose of finding better agricultural or living conditions, or as a result
of natural catastrophes or political
upheavals.
Cf. emigration, immigration.
Miticide (acaricide. acaricida.
Chemical substance used to destroy
mites and other arthropods.
Syn: acaricide.
Cf. pesticide.
Mitigation (attenuation. atenuacion.
Cf. disaster mitigation.
Military conflict (confiit arme; confiicto
ll;!)·
betico, armado,
A situation charactenzed by hostilities
that bring into opposition two or more
organized armies. It constitutes a major
man-made disaster.
Cf. Geneva Conventions, International Humanitarian Law.
e:L-:
~).
Mobile land station (station mobile terrestre. estacion terrestre movil.
ili.:..:..~)~).
Mobile communication station that can
move about within a given territory.
Cf. space station.
Molluscicide (molluscicide. molusquicida.
'~I ~).
Military medicine (medecine militaire,
medicina militar. -;;~I -,..kll).
The art and science of medicine, including in particular, critical care, emergency surgery and traumatology as
applied to mass casualty situations,
battlefront conditions and the needs of
soldiers.
Cf. disaster medicine, biological warfare, chemical warfare, nuclear warfare,
triage, GLAWARS Report, WHOPAX
Report.
themical substance used to destroy
molluscs (snails).
Cf. pesticide.
Monitoring (surveillance continue. vigilancia . ..l.,.o)).
Cf. surveillance.
Monsoon (mousson, monzon. ~Y L~))'
Wind in the general direction of the
atmospheric circulation, characterized
by a seasonal direction, strongest in
the southern and S.E. coasts of Asia,
and by a marked change of its direction from one season to the other.
Cf. atmosphere, wind.
Minorities (minorites. minorias, ":"'l;li'I).
Community or large group of persons
characterized by a sense of separate
identity that sets them apart from the
larger group in which they live, and
from which they differ on ethnic, religious or linguistic grounds.
Cf. ethnic group.
Monsoon climate (elimat de mousson,
elima monzonico. </'Y tL.)·
Type of climate found in regions subject
to monsoons, especially around the
Indian Ocean, characterized mainly by a
dry winter and wet summer, due to the
geographic influences of an unequal warming of the land and of the
seas.
Cf. monsoon.
MIRV (MIRV, MIRV,
J"')j) I ;,.M:.A
1.l""..J1 ~ -
~I~).
~j;).
In nuclear warfare, acronymic term for
Multiple Independently targeted Reentry Vehicles, where one missile can
carry several warheads directed to different targets.
Monsoon season (saison de mousson, estacion del monzon. ~I L~)I y ),
r
52
Mushroom cloud
Cf. morbidity rate.
In continental regions, the season when
the summer monsoon blows. Example:
India.
Cf. summer monsoon.
Motivation (motivation, motivacion,jiy ti~) ).
me reasons, desires and aspirations
that determine the behaviour of an
individual or a group.
Morbidity (morbidite, morbilidad, v~).
l. The number of sick persons or of
diseases in a given period among a
given population.
2. The pathological or morbid conditions that characterize a disease, as
opposed to mortality that characterizes
the killing potentialities of a disease.
Cf. morbidity rate, mortality rate.
Mountain climate (climat de montagne,
clima de montana, ~ tL:...).
Climate governed by the geographic
factor of altitude, and characterized by
low pressure and by intense solar radiation rich in ultra-violet rays.
Cf. atmospheric pressure.
Morbidity rate (taux de morbidite, tasa de
morbilidad, vI}I J ...... ).
I. For a given disease, the ratio of
individuals having that disease to the
total number of the population.
2. For a given population, the ratio of
all individuals sick from any disease to
the total number of the population.
In both cases the ratio can be expressed as incidence or prevalence.
Cf. death rate, incidence, mortality
rate, prevalence.
Mudslide (coulee boueuse .. corriente, rio de
barro, ~ ,-,')IJI).
Syn: mud slide.
Cf. earth flow.
Multisectoral (multisectoriel/e, multisectorial, ..:.,,~1hAJ1 )..lA.:..o).
Action or discipline that implies and
needs coordination at all levels between and among the various activities
involved in managing a situation, e.g.
a disaster, such as the health sector,
transport, agriculture, housing, public
works, water supply, communications,
finance, etc.
Syn: intersectoral action, interdisciplinary, multi sectorial.
Cf. disaster medicine.
Mortality (mortalite, mortalidad, ":"'l,:iJ).
I. The number, magnitude or frequency of deaths over a period of time
among the total sick and well population of an area.
2. The numerical expression of deaths,
usually given as a mortality rate.
Syn: death, lethality.
Cf. morbidity, mortality rate.
Mushroom cloud (champignon, nube de
hongo, ,-!)Ull ~b.....JI).
In nuclear war, the characteristic mushroom-shaped cloud composed of hot
gases, smoke and other earth particles
sucked upwards immediately after the
explosion of a nuclear bomb.
Cf. nuclear war, nuclear winter.
Mortality rate (taux de mortalite, tasa de
mortalidad, ":"'l,:iJI J ...... ).
The ratio of the number of deaths in a
given population to the total number of
that popUlation.
Syn: death rate.
53
Natural disaster
N
being of potential value to man. Natural resources can be:
- renewable, by reproduction (living
organisms) or by biogeochemical
cycles (water, nitrogen);
- non-renewable (petrol);
- permanent (solar energy).
Natural disaster (catastrophe nature/le,
desastre naturel; desastre natural, ~.Jl5'
~).
A sudden major upheaval of nature,
causing extensive destruction, death
and suffering among the stricken community, and which is not due to man's
action. However, (a) some natural disasters can be of slow origin, e.g.
drought, and (b) a seemingly natural
disaster can be caused or aggravated
by man's action, e.g. desertification
through excessive land use and deforestation.
Cf. disaster medicine, man-made disaster.
Needs (besoins, necesidades, -':"'~~I).
The sum of the biological, social, psychological and physical elements necessary, at a given time, for the wellbeing, existence and even survival of
the individual or society.
Cf. well-being.
Nematocide (nematocide, nematocida,
'.J)..u.1 .J1~..u1 ~).
Natural hazard (risque naturel, riesgo
natural, ~ )0.».
The probability of occurrence, within
a specific period of time in a given
area, of a potentially damaging phenomenon of nature. - UNDRO
Cf. hazard.
Medicament used to kill nematodes intestinal and tissue worms, like the
pinworm, whipworm, hookworm, ascarids, toxocara, filariae, onchocerca.
Cf. parasite, pesticide.
Nephanalysis (nephanalyse, nejana lis is ,
~J>:" ~).
Natural resource management (gestion
des ressources naturelles, gestion de los
recursos naturales, ~I ~))I p.-!';';)'
Administration of the natural resources
in a manner that promotes judicious
utilization, conservation and renewal,
with minimum waste, pollution or
depletion, for the improvement of the
environment and prevention of disasters.
Cf. natural resources.
System of meteorological information
gathering based on the study of the
clouds, usually seen from above.
Cf. meteorology.
Nino (el nino, el nino,.r::J 1).
Cf. el nino.
Nomad (nomade, nomada, jlf' ~).J.;).
The traditional way of life of certain
rural people who do not live continually in the same area but move cyclically or periodically, usually in search
of grazing or hunting grounds and
watering places, and who are well
adapted to their changing environment.
Cf. migration, population mobility.
Natural resources (ressources naturelles,
recursos naturales, ~ ~)Iy).
The aggregate of mineral and biotic
elements of the earth, as well as the
various forms of energy occurring in
the natural state (solar energy) or environmental forces independent of man
(winds, tides), that are considered as
Non-governmental organization (organisa54
Nutrient
Cf. reactor.
tion non-gouvernementale (0 NG), organizacibn no gubernamental (0 NG ) ,
Nuclear war (guerre nuc/eaire, guerra
nuclear, "UY '--:'?).
War in which nuclear weapons - as
opposed to conventional explosive
devices - are used. Like conventional
bombs, nuclear weapons produce extensive blast and fire damage, but to
an infinitely higher degree. Furthermore, the immediate power of a nuclear
explosion is increased by the following
factors: intense radiation at the time
of the explosion, lasting for about one
minute; intense heat and light from
the fireball, lasting a few seconds;
local radioactive fallout; and a strong
electromagnetic radiation. Later effects
add to the devestation. The nuclear
bomb used on Nagasaki was 2200
times more powerful than the largest
conventional weapon used in World
War 2.
Syn: atomic war.
Cf. atomic bomb, fission bomb, fusion bomb, hydrogen bomb, electromagnetic pulse, nuclear winter, zero
option.
'-:-~ ~ ~).
A private, international, not governmental organization (as distinct from
an inter-governmental organization),
constituted as a single association or
as a federation of various national
organizations, without governmental
or state ties. The most important
NGOs are given consultative status
with the United Nations or its specialized agencies and are active in disaster
work.
Syn: NGO.
Cf. voluntary agency.
Non-tropical cyclone (cyclone extratropical, ciclon extra tropical,
<.$)..\.A~)~l)·
Syn: depression.
Nuclear activity (activite nuc/eaire, actividad nuclear, <.$JY .1l!..;).
The number of spontaneous nuclear
disintegrations within a radionuclide at
any given time. The old unit of activity,
the curie (Ci) has been replaced by the
becquerel (Bq).
Cf. becquerel.
Nuclear winter (hiver nucleaire, invierno
nuclear, <.$JY .~).
A term that describes the very damaging climatic and environmental situation likely to result from reduced
sunlight and lowered temperatures following nuclear war.
Cf. firestorm, mushroom cloud, nuclear war.
Nuclear energy (energie nucleaire, energia nuclear, ~UY ;;\1).
Energy liberated in nuclear reactions,
especially in fission or fusion reactions.
Nuclear fallout (retombees nucleaires,
precipitacibn nuclear, 'UY ;,1, \.A.... ).
Cf. fallout.
Nuclear reaction (reaction nucleaire, reaccibn nuclear, <.$JY ~Li;).
Disintegration and change in the nucleus of an atom induced by bombarding it with a radioactive particle, with
liberation of energy.
Cf. nuclear activity.
Nuee ardente (nuee ardente, nube ardiente,
de fuego, ~? ~b......).
Syn: glowing cloud.
Nutrient (element nutritif, nutriente, ,-?.i).
Any and all of the organic compounds
and mineral salts contained in foods
and water which are utilized in the
Nuclear reactor (reacteur nuc/eaire, reactor nuclear, ,-?JY ~\..i...).
55
Nutrition
normal metabolism of the body and
playa specific role in nutrition.
Cf. food, nutrition.
Nutrition (nutrition. nutricion.
Cf. nutrition, malnutrition, vitamin
deficiency.
Nutritional marasmus (marasme nutritionnel. athrepsie .. marasmo nutricional.
~..i;.;).
I. The functions of assimilation and
metabolism whereby living organisms
utilize food for maintenance of life.
2. In Public Health, the discipline that
deals with the interactions of food,
health, disease and the improvement
of health standards through prevention and treatment of nutritional diseases.
Cf. deficiency disease, food, health.
i.?J..i;.;
y....).
Severe fonn of protein-calorie malnutrition occurring mainly in infants,
characterized by wasting, retardation
of growth and cachexia. Other factors
such as infection and infestation can
playa role in its etiology and aggravation.
Syn: athrepsy, nutritional cachexia.
Cf. Kwashiorkor, marasmus, proteincalorie malnutrition.
Nutrition indicators (indicateurs nutrition-
Nutritional requirements (besoins nutrition-
nels. indicadores de nutricion.
~J..i;.; ...:.. 'ry ).
nels. necesidades nutricionales.
Calculations that permit to evaluate in
quantified tenns the nutritional changes
that have occurred in a given population. Two kinds of indicators can be
distinguished: food and nutrition indicators and indicators of the state of
nutrition.
Cf. food and nutrition indicators,
nutrition, nutritional state indicators.
The amount of energy and nutrients,
normally calculated on averages and
expressed on a daily basis, which
cover the needs of healthy individuals
or groups for growth and for the normal function of the body.
Cf. needs.
~J..iA:.I1 "':"~l::>I).
Nutritional state indicators (indicateurs de
!'etat nutritionnel .. indicadores del estado
de nutricion. ~J..iA:.I1 <Jl:l-I "':"i.r!-Y).
Physical, functional and biochemical
measurements used to describe with
precision the nutritional state of a
population group and to quantify the
changes that have occurred.
Cf. food and nutrition indicators,
nutritional indicators.
Nutritional cachexia (cachexie nutritionnelle. caquexia nutricional. ,-?J..i;.;
Syn: nutritional marasmus.
..;.;~).
Nutritional deficiency (carence nutritionnelle. carencia nutricional. i.?J..i;.; jr).
Absence or insufficiency, in the food
or in the organism, of elements indispensable for nutrition.
o
Objective (objectif, objetivo . ..j.;...).
in case of disaster, do what they can
individually and collectively at the
time of the emergency, and do the
necessary before the emergency so
that they can be prepared for it.
Cf. goal, plan, target.
The end result that a programme seeks
to achieve. For example, the objective
of community education for disaster
preparedness can be defined as ensuring that people in risk areas will want
to be less vulnerable, know how to act
56
Oral rehydration
Ocean wave (vague oceanique. ola ocea-
Pollution of the oceans, seas, lakes and
rivers by discharge of hydrocarbon
products, mostly petroleum, crude oil,
during transportation or storage, from
tanks, tankers or pipelines.
Cf. black tide, oil slick.
nica. ~ ~..r').
A wave system generated by winds at
some distance from the coast over a
wide area, with little change in its
characteristics.
Cf. seismic sea wave, storm wave,
swell, tsunami.
Oil slick (maree noire. marea negra,
~j~).
Oil, discharged naturally, by accident,
or intentionally, floating on the surface
of water and carried by wind, currents
and tides. A more serious amount of oil
slick, deposited on tidelands, is called
black tide.
Syn: black tide.
Oceanic (oceanique. oceanico. ~).
Describes the marine area beyond the
coast, generally situated away from
the continental margin.
Oceanic ridge (dorsale oceanique. cadena
oceanica. ~ .~).
Sub-marine elevation along several
thousand kilometres, with steep reliefs
resulting from the rising of the crust.
Syn: ridge, sub-marine ridge.
Onchocerciasis (onchocercose, oncoc,ercosis . ...,...;.lI1 ~'%')
Oceanology (oceanologie. oceanologia.
-::"~I rs:)'
The exploration and scientific study of
the oceans and the seas (oceanography)
and of the techniques of protection and
management of marine resources.
Office of the United Nations Disaster
Relief Co-ordinator (Bureau du Coordonnateur des Nations Unies pour les Secours
en cas de Catastrophe (UNDRO). Oficina
del Coordinador de la Naciones Unidas
para el Socorro en Casas de Desastre
(UNDRO). ~y..u .-'>..:l.1 r'11 ...;...-:-. ~
~),s:JI .J.:..<.).
mar. J-l!JI ~ Jl C~J)'
Wind that engenders the surface movement of the sea towards the coast (as
opposed to offshore wind).
Cf. offshore wind.
Offshore wind (vent de reflux; viento ter-
.:.r
.I~).
Onshore wind (vent d'affiux. viento de
Full official designation of UNDRO.
Cf. UNDRO.
ral. terral, J-l!JI ~
4.?r ~'11
A filarial infection caused by Onchocerca volvulus and spread by the Simulid
blackfly. It is characterized by nodules
in the skin and subcutaneous tissues,
but its most serious complication is
blindness, with subsequentsocio-economic disaster. Common in sub-Saharan
Africa and South America, along river
basins. WHO has a long-term antionchocerciasis programme and the
recent availability of Ivermectin is promlsmg.
Syn: river blindness.
Cf. filariasis, parasitic diseases.
C~J)'
Wind that engenders the surface movement of the water towards the open sea
(as opposed to onshore wind).
Cf. onshore wind, wind.
Open sea (haute mer. large; alta mar.
mar abierta . .rJI ../f).
Syn: high seas.
Oral rehydration (rehydratation orale.
Oil pollution (pollution aux hydrocarbu-
rehidratacibn oral.
J:)' .:.r Y i,,-J I ~ yN ).
res. contaminaci6n par hidrocarburos.
r-"l I
~)L ~};).
57
Oral rehydration salts
Providing a dehydrated person, e.g.
suffering from diarrhoea, with the
necessary fluids and electrolytes by
mouth. In severe cases, rehydration
may be necessary by the intravenous
route.
Cf. diarrhoea, oral rehydration salts,
dehydration.
Cf. organization of leisure.
Organization of leisure (organisaion des
loisirs. organizacion del ocio.
·1}l1..:..iJ ~).
~lanning and implementation of recreational activities within a social and
environmental programme.
Cf. organization of activities.
Oral rehydration salts (sels de rehydratation orale. sales de rehidrataciim oral.
...."...JI .~)'II C')l..:I).
Convenient and effective means of providing fluids and electrolytes to a
dehydrated person. The proven WHO;
UNICEF formula of ORS comes in
27.5 g sachets, as follows:
Sodium chloride (common salt) 3.5 g
Glucose
20.0 g
Sodium bicarbonate
2.5 g
1.5 g
Potassium chloride
To be diluted in I litre of clean drinking water.
Syn: ORS.
Cf. diarrhoea, oral rehydration, dehydration.
Oroya fever (bartonellose. bartonelosis.
~J)Ji ..r» .
Syn: Bartonellosis.
Overflow (debordement. desbordamiento.
crecida. ,-,..aHi - ~).
Flooding or the spilling phase of a swell
during which the abundant waters are
liable to re-shape the surface of the
flooded area by furrowing, cutting out
hollows or depositing alluvium.
Cf. alluvium, flood, swell.
Overnutrition (suralimentation. sobrea/imentacion. ~..i.;.;)1 .1.).
Syn: hypernutrition.
Cf. malnutrition.
Overpressure (surpression. exceso de presion. J..;....aJ1 .1).
Transient increase, beyond the normal
atmospheric pressure, in the blast wave
that follows a nuclear explosion.
Orderly departure (depart organise. evacuacion ordenada. Wi..:... .)~I.;....).
I. Organized displacement or departure
of refugees or victims of a disaster.
2. The UNHCR programme for orderly
departure is based on a memorandum
of understanding concluded between
the HCR and the government concerned,
establishing the procedures for the departure of the refugee who possesses an
exit visa from the country and a resettlement guarantee from the host country.
Cf. refugee.
Overspill (deversement. vertimiento. desagiie. ~).
Permanent change in the course of a
stream or river which, due to spilling
over, changes its bed and follows another course.
Syn: spill.
Ovicide (ovicide. ovicida . ..:...~I ~).
Medicament or chemical substance
intended to kill the ova or eggs of
parasites.
Cf. pesticide.
Organization of activities (organisation
des /oisirs. organizacion del ocio.
;J...;.;\II ~).
In refugee or displaced communities,
the planning and organization of time
for productive and educa'tional purposes, besides recreational activities.
Oxyology (oxyologie. oxiologia.
":-~~I
fs-)'
A new term for emergency medicine,
58
Pathology
Ozone depletion (trou d'ozone, perdida de
ozono, ,JJj}ll ,--:,~).
The stratospheric ozone layer that protects the earth from excessive ultra-violet radiation can be depleted by certain
pollutants. Gases used in spray cans
(chlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluoromethanes) or oxides of nitrogen released
by cars, flying aircraft can damage or
create "holes" in the ozone layer, allowing excess amounts of ultra-violet radiation to reach the earth, with global
climatic and environmental consequences and damage to health. A combined
technological and natural disaster.
Syn: ozone hole.
Cf. chlorofluorocarbons, glasshouse
effect, ozone.
involving rapid response, first aid,
triage, transport, resuscitation and
urgent care.
Syn: Emergency Medical Services.
Cf. CPR, disaster medicine, first aid,
triage.
Ozone (ozone, ozono, ,JJjJi).
An unstable molecular form of oxygen
that consists of three atoms (0 3), Present
in the lower layers of the stratosphere, about 20 to 50 km above the
earth's surface, it protects the earth
from excessive solar radiation. Certain
chemical pollutants can cause depletion
of the layer, with resulting global environmental damage.
Syn: Ozonosphere.
Cf. Ozone depletion, chlorofl uorocarbons.
P
Pack ice (banquise, barrera de hielo,
~4 ,"=,u,).
Syn: ice pack.
ease states caused by parasites of animal origin. Some examples common
in disaster situations are amoebiasis,
intestinal worms, schistosomiasis, malaria, trypanosomiasis, scabies, pediculosis.
e)'
Panic (panique, pimico, /~ Acute and overwhelming sense of fear
and dread, usually of sudden onset
and most often self-limiting and of
short duration, from a few seconds to
hours, the accompanying restlessness
resulting in an urge to escape. A frequent but not lasting phenomenon following disasters and major emergencies.
Pathogen(ic) (pathogene, patogeno, ...r'.;t).
Bacterium, virus, parasite, fungus or
other micro-organism that can cause
disease.
Pathogenecity (pathogimicite, patogenicidad, ~IA).
I. Capacity to cause disease.
2. Which carries a pathogen.
Cf. pathogen.
Paragrapher (paragraphe, pima/o,
~tA;l
.rJ).
Vessel of less than 500 tons usually
used for coastal or inshore navigation
that can be utilized in emergencies
with a small crew, life-saving equipment and light radio facilities.
Pathol,ogy (pathologie, patologia,
~
...r'~':/I).
I. The medical science that studies diseases.
2. By extension it is also commonly
but erroneously used to mean disease
or the characteristics of a disease.
Parasitic diseases (maladies parasitaires,
en/ermedades parasitarias, J:..i1 ;J"/).
Infections, infestations and other dis-
59
Patient
Syn: yaws.
Patient (patient, paciente, ~f').
A sick person who needs, is receiving
or will receive medical care, treatment
or surgical attention.
Piracy (piraterie, pirateria, <:...,..).
Violent action, for private ends, committed on the high seas outside the
jurisdiction of a state. It is an offence
under international law.
Cf. high seas, hijacking.
Pediculosis (pediculose, pediculosis, JV).
Infestation by lice. The condition is
facilitated by overcrowding and poor
sanitary conditions in disaster situations. Lice may cause or transmit
infection.
Cf. infestation, louse infestation.
Plague (peste, peste, .Jyu,).
A highly dangerous contagious disease,
often fatal if untreated, transmitted
from infected rats and rodents, through
flea bites or at times by airborne spread
(pneumonic plague). Overcrowding, unsanitary conditions and large food stores encourage rat proliferation.
Syn: black death, bubonic plague,
pestis.
Pellagra (pellagre, pelagra, Ir. ~ - iA).
Disease due to deficiency of vitamin
PP or niacin, usually endemic in areas
where maize or millet form the major
part of the diet. It is characterized by
skin rash, diarrhoea and mental retardation.
Syn: hypovitaminosis PP.
Cf. hypovitaminosis, vitamin deficiency.
Plan (plan, plan, <J...,:.).
A preestablished course of action
which, when implemented, is expected
to lead to the attainment of the expected ends and objectives. An orderly
set of decisions on the ways and
means of achieving the impact and
objectives sought.
Cf. goal, objective, target.
Pertussis (coqueluche; tos ferina, pertussis, ~")\jl JlLJl - ,-,>",l:..ll).
Syn: whooping cough.
Cf. Expanded Programme on Immunization.
Pest control (tutte antiparasitaire, lucha
contra las plagas, ilyl.l wl5:...).
Technique aimed at inhibiting the
growth and stopping the spread of
parasites and other pests.
Pledging conference (conference pour les
annonces de contributions, conferencia
sobre compromisos de contribuciones,
.;.,~.;;-:.II i~lj;..).
Any conference called specifically to
present a programme and obtain pledges of financial support for its realiza~
tion. The phrase is, however, most
commonly used for the Ad Hoc Committee of the General Assembly for
the annoucement of voluntary contributions to the programme of the
United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees, as in the ICARA conferences.
Syn: donors' meeting.
Cf. donor, request for disaster assistance.
Pesticide (pesticide, plaguicida, ilyl.l -l::--)'
Chemical compound used for killing
organisms that are dangerous, undesirable or a nuisance to man, animals
or plants. They are named according
to their action, such as: fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, molluscicide, nematocide, ovicide, rodenticide, virucide.
(The suffix -cide means which kills.)
Pinta (pian; piim,frambesia, ~).
A serious treponema infec,tion endemic
to hot and humid forest regions.
60
Prevention
Pluviometry (pluviomerrie, pluviometria,
),1..'.Ii "",t.;;).
Syn: rainfall amount.
The number of persons per a given
area of land, such as a square kilometre. It expresses the extent and distribution of the popUlation of a region.
Cf. demography.
Poliomyelitis (poliomyelite, poliomielitis,
t~\ ?~ ~trJ\)·
An acute viral contagious infection
which begins with fever, headache, stiff
neck and back, but predominantly settles in the central nervous system, especially the spinal cord, causing paralysis.
Epidemic outbreaks are to be feared
in unsanitary and disaster conditions.
Vaccination prevents the disease and
is included in the WHO Expanded
Programme on Immunization.
Syn: Infantile paralysis, polio.
PopUlation dynamics (dynamique des populations, dinamica de las poblaciones,
~tS:..... ..::..~).
Study, in a given space and time, of
the mechanisms and changes of population structures and the factors that
determine those changes.
Cf. demography.
PopUlation mobility (mobilite de la population, movilidad de la poblacion,
~tS:..... "::"l5'.J).
The characteristic of a defined group
of people likely to change its place of
residence, expressed by the frequency
of such displacements.
Cf. migration, nomad.
Pollutant (pol/uant, contaminante, ~~).
Physical, chemical or biological substance or factor that produces pollution, nuisance or a danger to health.
Cf. pollution.
Pollution (pollution, contaminacion, ~~).
Degradation of one or more elements
or aspects in the environment by
noxious industrial, chemical or biological wastes, from debris of man-made
products and from mismanagement of
natural and environmental resources.
Cf. air pollution, atmospheric pollution, man-made disaster, oil pollution.
Population (peuplement, poblacion,
.~
Potable water (eau potable, de boisson;
agua potable, ~.rJJ e:!L.,., .\..).
Syn: drinking water.
Precipitation (precipitation (s), precipitacion, '-:-"; - .1iw).
All or any form of water, in liquid or
solid state, such as rain, snow, drizzle,
sleet, hail, that falls from the atmosphere onto the earth's surface.
Cf. fall .
-
.:>tS:..... ).
Preparedness (preparation, preparacion,
The aggregate of individuals belonging
to several species of the same systematic
group, that occupy a given territory.
Examples, avian population, rodent
population.
)\.AA:...\ -
~\;).
Cf. disaster preparedness.
Population concentration (concentration
demographique, conr:entracion demograjica, JtS:..... ~;).
Syn: demographic concentration.
Prevalence (prevalence, prevalencia, Jl!.;:;\).
The number of illnesses, accidents or
sick persons in a given population and
time, without distinction between new
and old cases.
Cf. incidence.
Population density (densite de population,
densidad de poblacion, ~tS:..... '-i\!S').
Prevention (prevention, prevencion, ;"Ii).
Cf. disaster prevention.
61
Primary health care
Primary health care (Soins de sante primaires. atenciim primaria de salud.
~}i' ~, ~~)').
Essential health care made universally
accessible to individuals and families
in the community by means acceptable
to them, through their full participation
and at a cost that the community and
country can afford. It forms an integral
part both of the country's health system, of which it is the nucleus, and of
the overall social and economic development of the community. - WHO
Syn: PHC.
A centre where refugees who have
been accepted for resettlement in a
third country live while awaiting their
final departure. The term "camp" is
not used at UNHCR.
Cf. refugee.
Productivity (productivite. productividad,
~l;;l)·
The ratio between the quantity of
goods and services produced and the
factors that determine it. It is taken as
a measure of efficiency.
Protection of refugees (protection des
refugies. proteccion de los refugiados.
Principle of non-refoulement (principe de
non-refoulement. principio de no devolucion. ~'jJ, ~)O i..l.&- 'i..l:-").
The international principle according
to which a person seeking asylum must
not be subjected to such administrative
measures as refusal of admission at a
frontier post or, if he is already in the
country, should not be expulsed or
obligatorily returned to a country
where he might be in danger. This
principle is fundamental to the work
ofUNHCR.
Cf. asylum, country of asylum, refoulement, refugee.
~'jJ' ~I,».
Cf. refugee protection.
Protective food (aliment de protection.
alimento protector, ifb. iW,)·
Food of special value which promotes
physical development and protects
health by virtue of its richness in essential nutrients.
Cf. food fortification, fortified food.
Protein (proteine, proteina. ~J.I.)'
The natural nitrogenous substances
which, by hydrolysis, gi.e amino acids
and constitute an essential factor in
cells for the vital functions, growth
and repair of all living organisms.
Deficiency in protein causes disease.
Cf. protective food.
Prisoner (prisonnier .. prisionero. preso,
~).
Person deprived of liberty and restricted
in activity by the use of force.
Cf. torture.
Prisoner of war (prisonnier de guerre,
prisionero de guerra, '-:"? .r.--',).
Cf. Geneva Conventions.
Protein-calorie malnutrition (malnutrition
proteinocalorique, carence .. carencia, malnutricion proteinocalorica,
.:...~~ ~J"J~ ~.1..:J' "r)'
A diversity of pathological conditions
arising from coincident shortage or
lack of proteins and calories, most
frequently occurring in infants and
young children, and commonly associated with infections.
Syn: protein energy malnutrition.
Probe (sonde, sonda, J',,:-,).
Measuring instrument used in situ and
in continuity. Example, probe to measure depth, salinity, temperature.
Processing centre (refugee) (centre d'acheminement (des rufugies) , centro de clasificacion (de los refugiaios).
(~'jJ) Jl4;;1 :?J').
62
Radiation injury
Protocol refugee (refugie relevant du Pro-
duce serious and resistant infection,
especially in immune deficient persons,
such as in AIDS or radiation injury.
Cf. immunosuppression.
tocole, refugiado acogido al Protocolo,
~')JJ\ J."s-YJ~ \.Ai) ~'Y).
Person who fulfils the definition of
refugee according to article I (2) of the
Protocol on the status of refugees.
Cf. refugee.
Public health (sante pub/ique, salud publica, ~."...s- 40....,.. - ... \0. 40....,..).
The discipline in health sciences that, at
the level of the community or the
public, aims at promoting prevention of
disease, sanitary living, laws, practices
and a healthier environment.
Cf. health, hygiene, primary health
care.
Proton (proton, proton, 0Y1.I.)'
Elementary particle carrying positIve
electrical charge, present in all atoms.
Cf. electron, ionizing radiation.
Protrusive dome (dome d'extrusion, cono,
4!;~ ~~ ~).
Purchasing power (pouvoir d'achat, poder
adquisitivo, '-:SI,..!- oJJ.i).
Type of volcanic dome where the lava
has extruded to the surface.
Cf. volcano.
Ability of individuals or a community
to acquire services and goods in function of their income and the prices
asked.
Pseudomonas (pseudomonas, pseudomonas,
~~\).
Gram-negative bacteria that can pro-
Q
Q fever ([ievre Q, fiebre Q,,,,! ..s"""')'
law, of a person carrying or coming
from an epidemic area with certain
specific "quarantinable" communicable
diseases.
2. Isolation imposed on ships or aeroplanes coming from infected areas.
Cholera, plague and yellow fever are
the internationally quarantinable diseases.
Cf. communicable diseases.
An acute rickettsial disease with fever,
headache and pulmonary complications, acquired by inhalation mainly
from domestic animals or through
ticks.
Cf. zoonosis.
Quarantine (quarantaine, cuarentena,
<..?'-'".r.> ).
i. Obligatory isolation during a given
period, prescribed by international
R
its saliva. Death usually ensues due to
meningoencephalitis.
Cf. zoonosis.
Rabies (rage, rabia, ~\ .b).
A very serious disease due to a virus,
common in dogs, foxes, bats, but
uncommon in man, transmitted by
accidental animal bite or contact with
Radiation injury (radio/esion, lesion por
radiaciones, ,-:>-I...,;l ~L,..l)·
63
Radiation protection
Radioactivity (radioactivite. radiactividad.
L....:.I J,l!.;).
phenomenon of spontaneous disintegration in a nuclide accompanied by
the emission of ionizing radiation.
Cf. nuclear activity, ionizing radiation.
Somatic and genetic damage to living
organisms caused by ionizing radiation.
Cf. immunodeficiency, ionizing radiation.
~e
Radiation protection (radioprotection.
protecci6n contra las radiaciones.
Radioastronomy (radioastronomie, radioastronomia. -.rL....:.~1 ..!.llAJ1 ~).
Study of the natural radlOelectric rays
of cosmic origin.
tL....:.~1 if ~'--").
fhe measures taken in order to ensure
the protection of man and his environment against the consequences of ionizing radiation.
Cf. ionizing radiation, Lugol's iodine,
maximum acceptable dose, radioactive
decontamination.
Radionuclide (radionucleide, radionuclido,
~ •..I:j).
Species of atom characterized by the
number of protons and of neutrons in
its nucleus. Usually specified by the
symbol of the element and the mass
number, as in 235 U, or uranium-235.
Cf. radionuclide maximum acceptable
concentration.
Radiation toxicity (radiotoxicite. radiotoxicidad. -.rL....:.[ ~).
Toxicity and harmful effects due to
radioactivity from a radionuclide present in the body.
Cf. radioactive contamination, technological disaster.
Radionuclide maximum acceptable concentration (concentration maximale admissible d'un radionucleide. concentraci6n
maxima admisible de radionuclidos,
~I 01~j-l1 Jr.A1 1 ~'11 j:S';JI).
The radioactivity of a nuclide in the air
or in drinking water which, when inhaled or ingested, produces the maximum
admissible dose in the receiver.
Cf. radionuclide.
Radioactive contamination (contamination
radioactive. contaminaci6n radiactiva.
L....:.[ .!...};).
undesirable presence of radioactive
material in the air, in man, or on any
substance.
Cf. radioactivity, contamination.
~e
Radioactive decontamination (decontamination radioactive. descontaminacion
radiactiva. <fL....:.~1 .!...pl ~~[).
Measures taken to eliminate or reduce
the radioactive contamination or pollution ofa body, surface or environment.
Cf. radioactive contamination.
Radioactive half-life (periode radioactive.
periodo radiactivo. <fL....:.~1 j-AJI ..,..JI).
In the process of diminishing activity of
a radioactive substance, the time necessary for half the number of radionuclides to disintegrate.
Syn: half-life.
Cf. radioactivity.
64
Rainfall amount (pluviometrie. pluviometria.)oil ~).
The measure of the total amount of
liquid precipitation in a given plac·e
and time.
Syn: pluviometry.
Cf. precipitation.
Rain-out (entrafnement par les precipitations, precipitaci6n con la lluvia,
<fL....:.I jz..).
the washing out, by concurrent rain,
of the radioactivity from the mushroom
cloud produced by nuclear explosion.
The on-coming rain may in fact be
Red Cross
Cr. international aid, technical assistance.
induced by the heat of the explosion
itself.
Syn: wash-out.
Cr. scavenging, mushroom cloud.
Recognized refugee (rejugie reconnu. rejugiado reconocido. ~ j~ :r.~).
Person who is formally recognized as
a refugee by the authorities of a State
that has signed the international instruments relative to the status of
refugees.
Cf. refugee.
Rainy season (saison des piuies. estacion lluviosa . .J\k.~1 r-")'
Term used mainly in tropical regions
for the annually recurring period of
high rainfall which is preceded and
followed by dry periods. In the latitudes
concerned, this season is often the
cause of flood disasters.
Cf. tropical climate.
Reconstruction (reconstruction. reconstruccion. ~ - .L:JI ',)~l)·
The phase that follows a disaster, consisting of reorganization of the stricken
territory, the restructuring of the built
environment and the development of
the economy, with the view to re-establishing the pre-disaster conditions.
Cr. rehabilitation.
Ration (foodJ (ration alimentaire. racion
alimentaria. Y.».
Fixed quantity of a specific food or
combination of foods distributed
to certain individuals or categories of
persons, e.g. the army, or to entire
populations in special circumstances,
as in times of food shortage, war, or
disaster.
cr. emergency feeding, food relief,
food shortage.
Red Crescent (Croissant-Rouge. Media
Luna Roja . .r>~I J~I).
The counterpart of the Red Cross in
Islamic countries.
Cf. Red Cross.
Reactor (reacteur. reactor. ,yL<..).
An industrial system for generating
heat and electricity from nuclear power
by the controlled fission of Uranium235 (fission reaction) or by the fusion of
light atoms (fusion reaction). Generally
intended for peaceful uses of nuclear
energy, but accidents can cause immediate and long-lasting disasters.
Syn: nuclear power station.
cr. Chernobyl, Three Mile Island,
International Atomic Energy Agency.
Red Cross (Croix-Rouge. Cruz Roja .
.r>~1 ~I).
Red Cross, or International Red Cross,
general terms used for on~ or all the
components of the worldwide organization active in humanitarian work. The
official overall name is the International
Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement,
which has 3 components.
I. International Committee of the Red
Cross (ICRC): acts mainly in conflict
disasters as neutral intermediary in hostilities and for the protection of war victims.
Guardian of the Geneva Conventions.
2. League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LRCS): international
federation of the National Societies,
active in non-conflict disasters and
natural calamities.
3. The individual National Red Cross
Recession (retrait. rejiujo. )Lil).
Syn: ebb.
t-:).
Recipient (receveur. receptor. jl:.- Person, group, nation or country that
is the beneficiary of aid or technical
assistance to meet particular needs,
emergency or otherwise.
Syn: donee, beneficiary.
65
Redevelopment
minement des refugies, centro de c1asificacion de los refugiados,
or Red Crescent Society of every
country.
~')IJ J\.A.;;I .?r).
Redevelopment (reamenagement, reordenacion'.Jlrl - ./.).; .~~l).
Extensive reorganization of a given
area with the view to meeting the needs
of the population concerned, by providing the necessary facilities and making
better use of the available resources.
Cf. needs, resources.
Cf. processing centre.
Refugee protection (protection des refugies, proteccion de los refugiados, ~I.>
~')IJI).
International protection of refugees
and displaced persons outside their
country and who do not enjoy the
protection of their country of origin.
Such protection accorded by the High
Commissioner for Refugees is based on
the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol
of the UN, the Convention and Protocols of the International Red Cross and
on such regional instruments as the
1969 Convention of the Organization
of African Unity.
Cf. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, principle of nonrefoulement, refugee, Geneva Conventions, international protection.
Reforestation (reboisement, repoblacion
forestal,~ .)~U.
The process of replanting trees in an
area that previously had forests.
Cf. afforestation, deforestation.
Refoulement (refoulement,' devolucion,
"refoulement", ~~l - ~».
Expulsion of a refugee towards his
country of origin or to another country.
Such action is reprehensible to the
international community.
Syn: expulsion.
Cf. international community, principle of non-refoulement.
Refugee sur place (refugie sur place, refugiado a posteriori,
':).J..JI j)pl ~ :.r.~).
:.r.
Refugee (refugie, refugiado, '-n,
A person who is outside his country of
origin and who, due to well-founded fear
of persecution, is unable or unwilling to
avail himself of that country's protection. - UNHCR
There are different categories of refugees, as below:
Cf. Convention refugee
de facto refugee
de jure refugee
mandate refugee
Protocol refugee
recognized refugee
refugee sur place
statutory refugee.
UN High Commissioner for Refugees.
Person who, while not being a refugee
when he left his country, becomes one
as a result of intervening circumstances.
Cf. refugee.
Rehabilitation (rehabilitation, rehabilitacion, J:--\; - .Jlrl)·
The operations and decisions after'a
disaster, with the view to restoring to
the stricken country, communities,
families and individuals the former
living conditions, whilst at the same
time encouraging and facilitating the
necessary adjustments to the changes
caused by the disaster.
Cf. adaptation, reconstruction.
Relief (secours, socorro, .:~U.
Assistance in material facilities, per-
Refugee processing centre (centre d'ache66
Returnee
sonal needs and services given to needy
persons or communities, without which
they would suffer.
Cf. aid, emergency relief, international assistance.
Reservoir of infection (reservoir d'infection, reservorio de infecciim,
I.SJ..w1
Remote sounding (tetesondage, telesondeo,
~ ,f)~'1I).
The methodical local exploration of a
given environment carried out from a
distance by the use of signals.
'~~l
- JoYl
).
Residence time (duree de residence, tiempo
de permanencia, .LA:JI •..\.0).
The average length of time during
which pollutants, such as smoke, toxic
chemicals, radioactivity, remain in the
atmosphere from the time the pollution
begins.
Cf. atmospheric pollution, Chemobyl,
Seveso, superfire.
Repatriation (rapatriement, repatriaciim,
JoYl
t:.i-'
Any physical, animal, plant or human
source harbouring and favouring the
development of pathogens susceptible
to be transmitted to man or animals.
Cf. carrier, infection, transmission.
'~.Y).
The actions and measures taken to
ensure the return of a person to his
country of origin or of usual residence.
Cf. voluntary repatriation.
Representative (detegue, delegado, J:!).
The delegate of an international organization to a country or to another
organization. Organizations have different names for their representatives, e.g.
delegate (ICRC), resident representative (UNDP), programme co-ordinator
(WHO), co-operant (France), expert,
etc.
Resource planning and development (amenagement du territoire, ordenacion territorial, ~)~I ~J ~).
Study and application of legislative,
economic, financial and planning measures to promote a harmonious equilibrium among the activities, the amenities, the population needs, and the
country's resources over the national
territory.
Cf. resources, natural resource management, development.
Request for disaster assistance (demande
d'assistance en cas de catastrophe, solicitud de asistencia en caso de desastre, ~
':"')~I ..;.,~.,...).
Retained dose (dose retenue, dosis elegida,
Official approach made by the authorities of a disaster-stricken country
to other governments, international
organizations or voluntary agencies
requesting aid in face of the calamity.
Cf. declaration of disaster.
'~I ~)-I).
Following exposure to a given pollutant, the portion of the absorbed dose
that persists in the individual after a
given time.
Cf. absorbed dose.
Returnee (retourne; refugiado regresado,
devuelto, JJ~).
Person who, after having crossed an
international boundary as a refugee,
returns voluntarily to his country of
origin or of usual residence. (Term
used by the HCR).
Cf. refugee, voluntary repatriation.
Rescue (sauvetage; socorros, salvamento,
~lAil)·
Immediate assistance to a person who
is injured, e.g., fracture, or in distress,
e.g. trapped in a collapsed building,
with the view to applying first aid and
delivering him from harm.
cr. first aid.
67
Richter scale
Richter scale (echelle de Richter. escala
de Richter.~.J V'"~).
Logarithmic scale, -I to 8, indicating
the magnitude or "size" of an earthquake, calculated on the amplitude of
the seismic waves. All tremors 4.5 or
over are internationally recorded.
- An earthquake of amplitude 3 corresponds to a tremor felt over a
limited area
- 4.5 can cause light destruction
- 6.6 causes considerable destruction
- 7 to 8 causes very great destruction
- Over 8, total destruction.
Cf. Mercalli scale, earthquake, seismograph, UNESCO.
due to a particular natural phenomenon, and consequently the product of
specific risk and elements at risk. UNDRO.
Cf. elements at risk, hazard, natural
hazard, vulnerability.
Risk indicator (indicateur de risque. indicador del riesgo.)a.>J1 ",.!oj.-).
Descriptor that briefly denotes a risk
that may cause a disaster.
Cf. risk map, disaster prevention.
Risk map (carte de risques. mapa de
riesgos. )J.>,.~I ~?).
Cartographic representation of the
types and degrees of hazards and of
natural phenomena that may cause or
contribute to a disaster.
Cf. risk indicator, vulnerability study.
Rickettsial fever(s) (rickettsiose. rickeNsiosis. ~..J ..r».
A group of acute diseases characterized by fever and skin eruption due to
Rickettsiae. Four groups are known:
typhus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever,
Q fever and trench fever.
Not to be confused with rickets.
Syn: rickettsial diseases, rickettsiosis.
Cf. Q fever, typhus, tick-borne
typhus.
River basin (bassin fluvial. cuenca fluvial.
...rJI
"";Y')'
Region drained by a part or all of one or
several rivers, and their tributaries.
Syn: catchment basin, watershed,
hydrological basin, catchment area.
River blindness (cecite des rivieres. oncocercosis. <,f.,.rJI ~I).
Syn: onchocerciasis.
Ridge (dorsale sous-marine .. cadena. dorsal submarina. <,f./-: ..sy:,).
Syn: oceanic ridge.
River forecast (prevision hydrologique. prevision hidrologica. ~t.. ";";';;).
The expected discharge of a river or
stream, especially of the volume offlow,
into a reservoir.
Rising tide (flot. flut. maree montante ..
marea creciente. flujo . ..til I::..\...i;).
Time interval during which the tide
current is directed approximately in
the same way as the direction of the
sea current.
Syn: flood tide.
Cf. tide.
Rock slide (eboulement. desprendimiento
de tierras. <,f'?- .j''i .II).
The sudden fall of rock masses and
fragments and earth along a slope.
Syn: landslide.
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (fievre des
Montagnes rocheuses. fiebre maculosa
de las Montalias rocosas.
Risk (risque. riesgo. Jl1.;,..:.1 .)0,».
The expected number of lives lost,
persons injured, damag~ to property
and disruptIon of economic activity
~I ..sj-.-AJI ~.I
..r»'
Cf. rickettsial fever.
68
Sanitation
Rodenticide (rodenticide. rodenticida . ..l.:-:-"
utilization of natural resources in function of the needs of the population and
within the framework of an environmental policy.
......JI.t4II ).
A toxic chemical compound used for
the elimination of rodents.
Cf. pesticide.
Rural economy (economie rurale. econo-
Roller (rouleau. deferlement plongeant ..
mia rural. ~)I 0~.)W\'U.
Branch of economics and administration with emphasis on agricultural
activity that studies the mechanisms of
agricultural enterprise and the definition of the rural/agricultural sector
within the wider economic context.
Cf. urbanization.
oleada. ;.;~,.I....J).
A form of violent coastal surge with a
spiral curling movement of the wave
crest.
Rural development (amenagement rural.
desarrollo rural. ~J ~).
Study and application of measures
aiming, within a rural setting, at better
S
Safety at sea (securite en mer. seguridad
ses, the infection appearing as an acute
gastroenteritis, enteric fever, or a focal
disease with or without septicaemia. It
includes typhoid fever.
Cf. diarrhoeal diseases, carrier, food
poisoning, typhoid fever.
en el mar . ...~I ..:r-\lI).
The international laws and regulations
enacted for the security of maritime
navigation and the safety of life at
sea.
Cf. Law of the Sea.
Sand whirl (tourbillon de poussiere .. polva-
Sahel (Sahel. Sahel. J>UI).
reda, tolvanera. ~
Syn: dust whirl.
Vast area of semi-arid land bordering
the Southern Sahara and covering all
or part of Mauritania, Mali, Burkina
Faso, Niger, Chad, Senegal, Ghana,
Cameroon, Nigeria and the Central
African Republic. It is particularly
subject to drought and desertification,
which is also called Sahelization.
Cf. desertification, CILSS, semi-arid
land.
Sanitary engineering (genie sanzlalre.
ingenieria sanitaria. ~ ...... ..t:J».
The theory, practice and techniques of
medical, construction, hydraulic, town
planning, waterworks and other principles applied to public health.
Cf. public health.
Sanitation (assainissement, hygiene .. saneamiento, Cb,......l).
The application of measures and techniques aimed at ensuring and improving environmental health in a
community, including the collection,
evacuation and disposal of rain and
used liquid and solid wastes, with or
without prior treatment.
Syn: sanitary improvement.
Sahelian zone (region sahelienne. zona
saheliana. J>UI
Syn: Sahel.
~).
Salmonellosis (salmonellose. salmonelosis.
0~rUl
;..~.».
.b).
Infection of the gastro-intestinal tract
caused by germs of the Salmonella
group. It presents as a variety of disea-
69
Sanitary improvement
The removal by precipitation or clouds,
of radiation, particles or gases deposited in the atmosphere following a
nuclear explosion.
Cf. rain-out.
Cf. waste water, water treatment.
Sanitary improvement (assainnissement,
saneamiento, ~I JIy>-\l1 ~).
Collection, evacuation and disposal,
according to hygienic precepts, of rain
water, waste water and solid wastes,
with or without prior treatment.
Cf. waste water.
Schistosomiasis (schistosomiase, esquistosomiasis, .:...tA..!.:.l.1 .I~ ',-:--~I .I~).
A group of parasitic diseases prevalent in endemic form in many areas,
caused by flukes (Schistosoma) and
transmitted through freshwater snails
as intermediate hosts.
Syn: bilharzia.
Cf. endemic disease, parasitic disease.
..r"- )).
Satellite (satellite, satelite,
An object that orbits around a larger
one. Artificial satellites orbiting the
earth are now used for communications, monitoring weather, gathering
hydrological, agricultural, seismological
and other similar data and observing
environmental phenomena. Also used
for military purposes.
Syn: artificial satellite.
Cf. meteosat, probe, space station,
World Weather Watch.
Scurvy (scorbut, escorbuto, .kYo;"" I - t).
A severe nutritional disease due to
deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid),
characterized by bleeding gums, gingivitis, bone pain, swelling over the ends
of the long bones and generally poor
condition. It is easily preventable by
eating citrus fruits and fresh fruits and
vegetables.
Syn: hypovitaminosis C, ascorbic acid
deficiency.
Savannah (savanne, sabana, u.l..).
Semi-arid region (dryness ratio I to 7)
of grasslands across which shrubs and
trees are scattered. The grasses are
typically tall and fast-growing, that
become dormant during and immediately after the short wet season. For
the remainder of the year they are
brown and dry, particularly prone to
extensive fire disasters.
Cf. desert, desertification, Sahel, semiarid zone.
Sea bed (fond,fondo del mar,.r-:J I t;..li).
In the marine environment, the IOterface between the solid floor and the
liquid overlay.
Syn: sea floor.
Cf. estuary, hydrography, littoral.
Sea conditions (hat de la mer, estado del
mar, '-!.r-:JI J Iy>-\II ).
An assessment of the agitation of the
surface of the sea. The state of the sea is
expressed numerically by the Douglas
scale or by the height of the waves.
Scabies (gale, sarna, ~?).
A highly transmissible parasitic skin
infection characterized by intense itching, superficial burrows; especially between the fingers and in the skin folds,
and secondary infection due to scratching. Can spread to entire families and
communities in crowded conditions.
Treatment is effective.
Syn: the itch.
Cf. parasitic diseases.
Sea floor (fond,fondo,.r-:JI eli).
Syn: sea bed.
Sea level (niveau de la mer, nivel del mar,
.r-:JI e:L '-:'.,...:...).
The actual level of the sea constantly
changes; the mean level at a stable
Scavenging (balayage, barrido, -...5").
L
70
Semi-permanent anticyclone
place is detennined by averageing all
the levels over a given period.
Cf. swell, tide, wave.
tion and/or refraction in the variable
terrain and onto the sounding reflectors.
Cf. seismograph, sliding fault.
Season (saison. estacibn. {""y - J..ai).
In meteorology, the climatic division
of the year into periodic sections,
varying according to the latitude. In
middle latitudes the division corresponds to the farming year; in the
northern and southern hemisphere the
divisions are autumn, winter, spring,
summer. In the tropics the division
into seasons is usually made in tenns of
rainfall or, in places, of wind direction.
Thus, in India, dry season or rainy
season, or "north-east monsoon" and
"south-west monsoon". In the continental subtropical regions the seasons
are usually defined in terms of temperature (cold or hot season), or rainfall
(dry or rainy season) or both.
Seismograph (sismographe. sismografia.
"':'ljy.r-- - Jj\,) 1 ¥ /).
A highly sensitive instrument for recording the time, amplitude and duration of vibratory movements of the
ground, especially earthquakes.
Cf. earthquake, Mercalli scale, Richter scale, seismoscope.
Seismoscope (sismoscope. sismoscopio.
~~ y.r-- - Jj\'jl )lJo:..).
An instrument which indicates only
the occurrence of an earthquake, without permanently recording it, as opposed to the seismograph.
Cf. seismograph.
Semaphore (semaphore. semaforo. ~r..;'1 )}I.- ).
Seism (seisme. sismique .. terremoto. Ji)j).
From the Greek earthquake. Relating
to, pertaining to, connected with or
produced by an earthquake. Seismicity
denotes the frequency of earthquakes
in a given area.
Syn: earthquake.
Cf. seismograph, seismoscope, Richter scale.
Post or apparatus for sending signals
by day or night through a system of
oscillating arms, lanterns or flags.
Verb, to signal.
Semi-arid zone (zone semi-aride. zone
semiarida. 4l>li W .w..:...).
Zone, bordering an arid region, in
which the precipitation is insufficient
(dryness ratio I to 7) to maintain
agriculture and where artificial irrigation is needed if cultivitation is to be
carried out. Particularly prone to extensive fire disasters.
Cf. desert, desertification, Sahel, savannah.
Seismic epicentre (epicentre sismique. epicentro sismico. ~}~I 0)1 ?/).
Cf. epicentre.
Seismic sea wave (houte (vague) sismique.
mar de fondo sismico. <-:Ji)j '-!""=: ~y).
Ocean wave caused by undersea earthquakes, volcanoes or land movements.
Cf. earthquake, tsunami, volcano.
Semi-permanent anticyclone (anticyclone
semi-permanent. anticiclbn semipermanente. (-..\:-o ~ ~l..,4. )~l)·
Region where high pressures predominate during about half of the year and
where an anticyclone appears on the
corresponding seasonal mean pressure
chart.
Seismic sounding (sondage sismique. sondeo sismico. <-:Ji)jl ..:..GL..:.)'4 t~I).
Definition of the position 01 submarine
plates by measuring the time interval
that separates the emission of seismic
signals and their rebound after reflec71
Serum hepatitis
Cf. anticyclone.
Shanty town (bidonville, barrio de chavolas, t~1 ~..\.A).
Disorderly conglomeration of improvised dwellings with minimal or absent
public services, consisting of unsanitary
shacks, constructed with reclaimed materials, often built in and contributing
to an unsanitary environment. Called
favella in South America.
Cf. slum dwelling.
Serum hepatitis (hepatite virale serique,
hepatitis viral serica, J--01I ~I ",:,t,:.JI).
Cf. viral hepatitis B.
Services (services, servicios,
":"'\....i>-
-
)I"J ).
An activity or its result that is of
value to individuals and to society,
but which does not consist of economic goods or of tangible products.
Examples: public transport, medical
services, education, city lighting.
Settlement (implantation, asentamiento,
~j ~j).
I. Introduction, in a given place, of
new facilities, such as buildings, factories, schools, according to a plan, called a settlement or development plan.
2. Introduction, in a given site, of a
population, where it establishes and
develops, according to a resettlement
plan.
Seveso (Seveso, Seveso, ~).
A village near Milan, Italy, site of
a chemical plant which, in July 1976,
accidentally discharged the toxic compound Dioxin, causing severe illness
and toxic manifestations among the
surrounding popUlation, with extensive
environmental damage.
Cf. Dioxin, technological disaster,
toxicological disaster.
Sheltering (hebergement; alojamiento,
cobijo, .~U.
Action that consists of providing asylum or provisional lodgings to an individual or group.
ShigeUosis (dysenterie bacillaire, disenteria
bacilar, ":"'~I .b).
Cf. bacillary dysentery.
Shock wave (onde de choc, ola de choque,
~..l.,p ~Y').
A critical point in the interface between two waves when the velocity, and
consequently the pressure and density, jump to new values, with the
decompression of air at high speeds,
and occurring naturally in space - or
when man-made supersonic objects
transverse it - at a speed higher than
the speed of sound.
Shore profile (profillittoral, perfil litoral,
J>Ui •.J.,.... -
J>UI .bJ1).
The line of the coast formed by the
constant accumulating and abrasive
action of the waves.
Cf. wave, littoral.
Sexually transmitted diseases (maladies
transmises par voie sexuelle, enfermedades de transmision sexual,
4 J~ .......r)·
Diseases transmitted by sexual contact
constitute the most common communicable diseases in the world. Some are
specific, others are non-specific, and
include gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital
warts, AIDS, urethritis, trichomoniasis, candidiasis, etc.
Syn: venereal disease, STD, YD.
Siting (implantation, instalacion, .l!.;l ~j).
Cf. settlement.
Skimmed milk powder (fait ecreme en
poudre, leche desnatada en polvo,
J~
.:.J
i.Sy).
Syn: dried skimmed milk. DSM
72
Socio-economic survey
Sleeping sickness (maladie du sommeil,
enfermedad del sueiio, ~.,JI ../J')'
A chronic, often fatal sickness in tropical Africa transmitted by the tse-tse fly.
Another variant is common in South
America, where it is known as Chagas'
disease.
Syn: Chagas' disease, African trypanosomiasis.
Sliding fault (faille transformante, falla
deslizante, ";)1)1 t,...\...ai).
Subvertical sheanng plane along which
two plates of lithosphere or two active
segments of oceanic ridge slide upon
each other.
Syn: transform fault.
Cf. earthquake, oceanic ridge, seismic
sounding.
Slow disaster (catastrophe a evolution
lente, desastre de evolucion lenta, ":.Jl5"
~).
Disaster, usually natural, the beginnings of which are slow, sometimes
imperceptible until the full effect is felt,
as in poor crops leading to drought and
famine.
Syn: creeping disaster.
Cf. disaster, natural disaster.
Slum (bidonville, barrio de chavolas,
.1}AJ1 ..?).
Cf. shanty town, slum dwelling.
Slum dwelling (taudis .. chavola, favela,
.1}AJ1 ..?).
Lodgfngs that, by their poor construction, conditions of occupation, lack of
upkeep and siting, do not meet the
needs of comfort and sanitation, and
contribute to social and health deprivation.
Syn: shanty town, slum.
Smallpox (variole, viruela, ($.J~)'
A highly contagious I~thal disease
caused by the vaccinia group of viruses, transmitted from person to per-
73
son. It was the first disease for which
vaccination was professionally applied
(1721) and the first to have been
totally eradicated (since 1977).
Cf. immunization, vaccination.
Social behaviour (comportement social,
comportamiento social, i/~I !l)..-).
The aggregate actions and reactions of
a person or group when relating to a
given social environment and which can
be objectively observed.
Social group (categorie sociale, grupo
(categoria) social, ¥~I oJ'j).
Groups of individuals, within a population, who share one or several
characteristics that distinguish them
sociologically. Examples: students, retirees, handicapped.
Social indicators (indicateurs sociaux,
indicadores sociales, ¥~I .:..~;..).
Different indices used for the assessment of the socioeconomic situation
of a society. Examples: infantile mortality rates, green spaces per inhabitant,
density of motor traffic, literacy rates.
Cf. society.
Society (socihe, sociedad, ~).
The complex organization of a population group sharing a common culture,
institutions, resources and obeying
common laws. A natural disaster that
does not hit man and his society
remains a mere geological or meteorological phenomenon.
Socio-economic survey (enquete socioeconomique, encuesta socioeconomica,
",,~L..cil -r~1 c:--).
Enquiry based on social and economic
factors, comprising the structure of
the family, social attitudes, cultural
activities, profession, regular or seasonal employment, revenue, spending
power, level of education, size of enterprise, agriculture, etc.
Soil
Cf. social indicators.
its borders and total independence recognized by all States.
Cf. United Nations.
Soil (sol, suelo, ~;).
The superficial loose covering of the
earth's crust, composed of the breakdown, from weathering, of the bed rock
and of the decomposition of organic
matter under the physical, chemical
and biological action of the environment.
Soya-fortified bulghur Cbou/gour enrichi
de soja, bulgur enriquecido con soya,
~"...J4
Soil erosion (degradation du sol, erosion
del suelo,
~;JI ..;...~).
Degradation of the soil through carrying away by wind or water, of soil
necessary for the forests, food and
agriculture. Often caused by mismanagement of the land - a natural and
man-made disaster.
Cf. desertification.
Solfatara (solfatare, solfatara,
enrichie de soja, maiz enriquecido con
soya, ~"...J4 oj,? 0> ~J)'
Food mixture consisting of:
85 % cornmeal, degenned
15 % soya grits, defatted, toasted.
Syn: SFCM.
Cf. food mixtures.
..;...~~ .iA:.,.
~~).
Soya-fortified sorghum grits (gruaux de
sorgho enrichis de soja, sorgo enriquecido con soya, ~"...JL ijj>ll o)lIl ..;...L::».
Sorghum preparation enriched with
soya, used for supplementary feeding.
Syn: SFSG.
Cf. food mixtures, sorghum, supplementary feeding.
Sorghum (sorgho, sorgo, .~ 0),) - i~r)'
Common tropical cereal plant grown
for grain and fodder.
Source (source, fuente,)...\..,.a.o).
Emergence of underground water at a
point on the surface of the ground.
Syn: spring.
Space probe (sonde spa tiale , sonda espa-
cial,
)...\..,.a.o).
Any organism, substance, material or
object which transmits an infectious
agent to a host.
Cf. communicable disease, infection.
Sovereignty (souverainete,
Jl,.O;
)L-.).
Uninhabited device for the exploration of space beyond the earth's gravity.
Cf. probe, satellite, World Meteoro'logical Organization.
Source of infection (source d'infection,
I.SJ..w1
'y.I.)'
Soya-fortified cornmeal ([arine de mai's
A vent in a volcano from which only
gases are emitted.
Cf. volcano.
fuente de infeccion,
j)'o-
Food mixture consisting of:
85 % bulghur wheat, cracked
15 % soya grits, defatted, toasted
Syn: SFB.
Cf. food mixtures, bulghur.
Space station (station spatiale, estacion
espacial. ~l,.O; 4.6.,:).
Satellite that does not have its autonomous means of propulsion (or has
limited such capacity), placed in space
to ensure a mission of a certain length
of time.
Cf. satellite.
soberania.
o~l:-).
The primary characteristic of a State
which is subordinate to no other State,
is equal to all others within the United
Nations, and enjoys authority within
74
Storm warning
SpiU (deversement, vertedero,
Syn: overspill.
Spring (source, manantial,
Syn: source.
..,..li - ~).
of refugees, as defined by Article LA
of that Convention.
Syn: de jure refugee.
Cf. refugee.
t).
Sterilization (sterilisation, esterilizacion,
. ').
fTechnique(s) aiming at destroying
all living microorganisms.
2. Operation or technique aiming at
preventing the reproduction of living
organisms.
Squall (rafale; rafaga, racha, ....... ~).
A sudden strong wind of short duration that stands out of the mean velocity of its mainstream.
Syn: gust.
Standard of living (niveau de vie, nivel de
vida, ~I .>.r---).
The aggregate of goods and services
available or accessible to an individual, group or nation, depending on
its purchasing power.
Cf. purchasing power.
Stockpile (depot, reservas, ~I::>I .J;"" J-I::>I .JJ;....).
A place or storehouse where material,
medicines and other supplies needed
in disaster are kept for emergency
relief. Examples: UNDRO warehouse
in Pisa, UNIPAC in Copenhagen.
Cf. emergency feeding, emergency
supplies, supplies.
Staple food (aliment de base, alimento de
base, ,rJ iW,)·
The most commonly or regularly eaten
food in a country or community and
which forms the mainstay of the total
calorie supply, especially in the poorer
populations and at times of food shortage. When referring to staple food,
the actual food product must be mentioned.
Cf. conventional food, food.
Storm (tempete; temporal, tempestad,
....... ~ ).
Strong wind with a speed of 44 to 50
knots. (Force lOon the Beaufort
scale).
Cf. Beaufort scale; wind.
Storm surge (onde de tempete, oleaje de
borrasca, JL...a&-l - ......... ls. C'ri ).
A sudden and often catastrophic rise
in the level of the sea as a result of a
combination of high winds and low
atmospheric pressure.
Cf. tidal wave, storm wave.
Starvation (inanition, inaniciim, ~).
The state resulting from extreme privation of food or of drastic reduction in
food intake over a long period of
time, leading to severe physiological,
functional, behavioural and morphological disturbances.
Cf. famine, slow disaster, undernutrition.
Storm warning (avis de tempete, aviso
de temporal, ......... WI .:.r'.r..ii).
Meteorological message intended to
warn those concerned of the actual
or expected occurrence of high winds,
of Beaufort force 10 or II, over a
specified area.
Cf. cyclone warning, gale warning,
hurricane warning, typhoon warning.
Statutory refugee (refugie statutaire, refugiado acogido al estatuto,
;,;JJ..u1 ..:...I .... U wJ ~'1).
Person recognized as a refugee according to the international accords prior
to the 1951 Convention on the status
75
Stratosphere
Stratosphere (stratosphere, estratosfera,
Superfire (incendie geant, superincendio,
'fo-' .;;~).
The result of merging firestorms and
conflagrations caused by the phenomena created by the explosion of a
nuclear weapon.
Cf. conflagration, firestorm, burn
centre, nuclear winter.
<'>.1..,+-)1 ....J')\.JI).
The zone of atmospheric air, above the
troposphere, between 10 and 50 km
altitude, in which the temperature
changes vary little with height.
Cf. atmosphere.
Strato-volcano (stratovolcan, estratovoldm,
jJ.
Supplementary feeding programme (programme d'alimentation comptementaire,
programa de alimentacian complementaria, ~I .,~I ~~.I.).
Programme that aims at correcting
nutritional deficiencies by providing
certain population groups with
nutrients and appropriate meals or
snacks, served in addition to their
regular meals. This service is usually
free or at low cost.
Cf. food aid, food mixtures.
.)IS".I.)'
Volcanic complex composed of the
piling up of lava flows and of pyroclastic beds.
Cf. lava flow, volcano.
Stratus cloud (stratus, estrato,
jJ. ,-:,L-...).
I. A low cloud varying in altitude,
between 0 and 2000 metres.
2. A generally grey cloud layer, with
uniform base, which may give drizzle,
ice or snow.
Supplies (approvisionnements; abastos,
reservas, ":"'1..1.J.),,5' - ..:...bl ..... t)·
Cf. stockpile.
Stress (stress, agression; tension, es tri?S ,
~~t
-
.J.~ -
,-:,},).
Any strain, anxiety, psychological
shock or excessive pressure that disturbs the smooth functioning of a person or organism (and by extension, a
group). Disasters are stressful events.
Cf. panic.
Surface water (eaux de surface, aguas de
superficie, ~ .~).
Water flowing or stagnating on the
surface of the ground.
Surge (houle, mar de fondo, '"7'l:>-).
Cf. wave.
Stripping (denudation, desnudacian, ..1.J..J. t~I).
Surveillance (surveillance continue, vigilancia, ci~ - .......;).
System that permits the continuous
observation, measurement and evaluation of the progress of a process or
phenomenon with the view to taking
corrective measures. Examples: surveillance of the water quality of a
river; of air pollution; of health; of a
cardiac patient.
Syn: monitoring.
Syn: denudation.
Subtropical anticyclone (anticyclone subtropical, anticiclan subtropical,
"') ..... ...,.;. ~t...a.,.
)t--l).
Anticyclone of the subtropical high
pressure regions.
Cf. anticyclone.
Summer monsoon (mousson d'ete, monzan de verano, ~ ~).
Monsoon of oceanic origin that blows
in the summer.
Cf. winter monsoon.
Susceptible case (sujet vulnerable, sujeto
susceptible, ~I.AA;....I ..:...I~ 'Jl.».
76
Technical cooperation among developing countries
Person vulnerable to infection.
Syn: vulnerable person.
The cumulative interaction of several
factors resulting in a combined effect
that becomes greater than the sum of
the separate individual effects. Example,
malnutrition, plus pregnancy, plus cold
temperature have an aggregate effect
which is more serious than any of the
three conditions separately.
Suspect case (cas suspect, caso sospechoso, ~ ;,Ji.».
A case or person whose medical history or symptoms suggest that he may
have, or may be developing, or carrying an infection.
Cf. carrier, incubation period.
Syphilis (syphilis, sifilis, ~).
A contagious disease, present worldide,
transmitted mainly but not exclusively
by sexual contact, caused by the Treponema pallidum and resulting in a
specific serological reaction (revealed
by the Wassermann test).
Cf. sexually transmitted diseases.
Swell (crue, marejada, ",:,r-ll tl;.;)).
In a catchment area or watershed, the
swelling of a stream or water course
to levels above normal, following heavy
precipitation and snow thaw.
Cf. catchment area.
Synergism (synergisme, sinergismo, J}":;).
T
Taeniasis
(taeniase,
teniasis,
technicians, experts, teachers or equipment, to a developing country .
Syn: technical cooperation.
Cf. international assistance, bilateral
cooperation.
.b
.:..~.rJI).
Parasitic infection, often symptom-free,
of the intestinal tract due to beef tapeworm (Taenia saginata), pork tapeworm (T. solium) or fish tapeworm
(Diphyllobothrium latum), acquired
mainly through eating insufficiently
cooked meat.
Syn: tapeworm infection; also teniasis.
Cf. parasitic diseases.
Tapeworm (taenia, tenia,
Cf. taeniasis.
Technical cooperation (cooperation technique, cooperacion tecnica, ~ JJ\..;).
The provision by a technically advanced
country, on a bilateral or multilateral
basis, of technicians, experts, knowhow and equipment, to a country that
needs them in order to ensure its
social and economic development.
Syn: technical assistance.
Cf. development, international assistance, TCDC, technology transfer.
~.rJ1 .~JJ.lI).
Taro (taro, taro, crLili).
A tropical plant, the root of which is
used as food, particularly in the Pacific
Islands.
Cf. conventional food, staple food.
Technical cooperation among developing
countries (cooperation technique entre
pays en developpement (CTPD) , cooperacion tecnica entre paises en desarrollo (CTPD) , ~UI JIJ.Lj1 ~ ~ JJ\..;)'
The promotion of technical 'cooperation not from developed to developing
Technical assistance (assistance technique,
asistencia tecnica, ~ .~L.).
The system of providing assistance, on
a bilateral or multilateral basis, through
77
Technological disaster
Temperature inversion (inversion de tempe-
country, but between developing countries, for the development of both.
Syn: TCOC.
Cf. development, technical cooperation.
rature, inversion de temperatura,
0);1-1 ..,.\S:...;I).
Sudden increase in the vertical gradient of temperature in the atmosphere.
Cf. atmosphere, stratosphere.
Technological disaster (catastrophe technologique, desastre tecn%gico, <!JlS"
4:.>:)~).
Man-made disaster due to a sudden
or slow break-down, technical fault,
error or involuntary or voluntary
human act that causes destruction,
death, pollution and environmental
damage.
Cf. disaster, man-made disaster.
Terrestrial longitude (longitude geographique, /ongitud geograjica, J).JI
.,k,:.
~}-~I).
. Cf. geographic longitude.
Territorial asylum (asile territorial, asilo
Technology transfer (transfert de techno-
territorial, ~)'I ~G:>U .~).
Temporary or permanent admission
by a State, on its territory, given to a
refugee or asylum seeker.
Cf. asylum, diplomatic asylum, refugee.
/ogie, tras/ado (transferencia) de tecnologia, 4-)~1 j.t;).
Transmission from a technologically
developed country to one less advanced
in economic, industrial or other techniques, of information, knowledge,
equipment and training facilities, with
the view to strengthening a particularly
weak sector or promoting general development in the receiving country.
Cf. international assistance, technical
cooperation.
Tetanus (tetanos, tetanos, j~).
A non-epidemic, highly toxi-infectious,
often fatal disease, due to the contamination of wounds or burns or the
newborn's umbilicus with Clostridium
tetani or its spores. Vaccination protects and is included in the WHO
programme of immunization.
Cf. Expanded Programme on Immunization.
Telecommunication (telecommunication,
telecomunicacion, ~ .f JL.....;'~I).
Transmission, emission or reception
at a distance, of signs, signals, messages, imagery, sounds or any other
information by wire, radio, laser, optics,
satellite, or other system.
Cf. International Telecommunication
Union.
Thermograph (thermographe, termografo,
"-!);> .....1").
Thermometer fitted with a device for
continuously recording the temperature
chronologically on a rotating graph.
Thermonuclear bomb (bombe thermonuc/eaire, bomba termonuc/ear, "-!JY a:.;
'"-!J1.;> ).
A nuclear weapon in which a part of
the explosive power results from fusion
reactions, as in the hydrogen bomb.
Telemetry (telemetrie, te/emetria,
~
Tephra (tephras, tefra, ~lS"./. .:;.,liJ l,;,.).
Ashes and fragments of pyroclastic
material ejected by the explosion of
volcanic bombs.
Cf. ash, volcano.
J ..,.l:4l I ).
The measuring of distances, obtained
by acoustical, optical and radio-electric
procedures.
78
Topography
Syn: hydrogen bomb, fusion bomb.
Cf. atomic bomb, fission bomb,
nuclear war.
by the moon and the sun. The cycle is
generally about 12 to 24 hours.
Cf. amplitude tidal range.
Three Mile Island (Three Mile Island,
Three Mile Island, ~i J.L. ~;).
A place near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., site of a nuclear reactor which
failed on 28 March 1979, causing the
most serious nuclear industry accident
up to that date, with some release of
radioactive gases. Commonly referred
to as TMI.
Cf. Chernobyl, nuclear reactor, technological disaster.
Tide coefficient (coefficient de la maree,
coeficiente de la marea, ))-~ ..ul Jot.....).
Cf. coefficient of tide.
Tide-generating force (jorce generatrice
de la maree, Juerza generadora de la
marea, ..ul -I:l; oj).
The resultant of the astral attraction
on a particle and of the inertia force
of that particle in its movement on the
terrestrial orbit.
Cf. force.
Thunderstorm (arage, tormenta,
~Js.J ......... l?).
A sudden, local, relatively short cloudburst of cumulus with lightning and
rumble, but usually without a frontal
system.
Cf. frontal thunderstorm.
Tick-borne typhus (typhus a tiques, ti/us
transmitido por garrapatas,
~'.,Al4 J~ ,-",*).
One of a group of acute, febrile rickettsial diseases transmitted by ticks, with
manifestations similar to typhus.
Cf. rickettsial fever, typhus.
Tideland (marais maritime, litoral cubierto
per la marea, ..ul "",).
Low coastal land partly under sea
water, at least at high tide, and possessing special ecological characteristics.
Syn: tidal wetland.
TNT (TNT, TNT, .;....:".;...).
The chemical explosive, trinitrotoluene,
in conventional weapons, and used
as reference to measure the energy
liberated in the explosion of nuclear
weapons. Thus, a I Mt nuclear bomb
has the destructive capacity of one
million tons of TNT.
Syn: trinitrotoluene.
Tidal range (amplitude d'une onde de
maree, carrera (amplitud) de la marea,
J)-~
..ul Jlk;).
Syn: amplitude tidal range.
Tidal wave (raz de maree, onda de marea,
J)-I
~y -
..ul
Tide forecast (prediction de la maree,
prediccion de fa marea, J)-~ ..ul .;...~).
Prediction, for a particular place, of
the height of the tide at a given time,
or of the heights and times of high
and low tides. (Printed in tide tables.)
Syn: tide prediction.
~y).
Catastrophic wave(s) arriving on the
coast accompanied with strong winds
and storm surge, associated with submarine earthquake and tsunami.
Cf. storm surge, tsunami.
Topography (topographie, topografia,
'-:.i~).
I. The fixed characteristics and physical features of an area, particularly
portraying elevations and landmarks.
2. The geographic science of mapping
Tide (maree, marea, J)-~ ..ul).
The periodic rise and fall of the earth's
oceans and seas due to the attraction
79
Tornado
their detection, effects, elimination and
antidotes.
Cf. toxicological disaster.
the positions, elevations, forms, dimensions and other elements of the fixed
and permanent features of the surface
of the ground at a given time.
Toxin (toxine, toxina, .)~~).
Substance secreted by certain living
organisms, capable of causing harmful
(toxic) effects in the receiving organism.
Tornado (tornade, tornado, .)~U.
The North American name for a violent whirling wind, generally cyclonic
in direction, about 100 metres in diameter and extremely destructive in its
path.
Cf. twister.
Trace elements (elements-traces, oligoelements; oligoelementos, o.)j .r'l:.?).
Chemical and mineral elements, usually
beneficial, that exist in minimal traces
(oligo-quantities) in various media, e.g.
the body, in foods, in the air, in soil.
Syn: oligo-elements.
Torture (torture, tortura, '-:-!.t.;).
Any act by which pain and acute physicalor mental suffering are intentionally
inflicted upon a person, in order to
obtain a confession or information, to
punish for an act committed by him
or another suspected person, to intimidate, degrade, or exercise pressure; or
for any other discriminatory motive,
when such pain and suffering are inflicted by a public servant or any other
person acting on behalf of an official,
with or without the latter's consent. UN Convention against torture, 1984.
Amnesty International is the principal
organization active against torture.
Cf. Geneva Conventions, International Humanitarian Law, United
Nations.
Trachoma (trachome, tracoma, p).
A contagious viral eye disease (keratoconjunctivitis), endemic in many countries where it is a major cause of
blindness.
Trade wind (alize; (vientos) alisios,
~li t~.».
Regufar winds that blow throughout
the year between the tropical high pressures and the equatorial low pressures.
Cf. atmospheric pressure.
Transboundary pollution (pollution transfrontieres, contaminacion transfronteriza,
))..\J..I ~ ...:...};).
Pollution and pollutants that have been
produced in one country and that have
passed
international
boundaries
through water or air to other countries,
causing pollution. The effects can be
mitigated only through international
agreements as the damage is caused
outside the boundaries of the victim
country.
Syn: transfrontier pollution.
Cf. acid rain, Chernobyl.
Toxicological disaster (catastrophe toxicologique, desastre toxicologico,
~ ~.)l5).
Serious environmental pollution and
illness caused by the massive accidental escape of toxic substances into the
air, soil or water, and to man, animals
or plants.
Cf. dioxin, man-made disaster,
Seveso, technological disaster.
Toxicology
(toxicologie,
toxicologia,
"':"'l:--r-ll).
The science of poisons, harmful chemical substances, organic toxins, and of
80
Transfonn fault (faille transformante, falla
transformadora, -f.yE t.~).
Syn: sliding fault.
Tsunami
Transit centre (centre de transit. centro de
Tropical cyclone (cyclone tropical. ciclon
trimsito. ~}ipJl?/).
A centre which houses refugees (or
other disaster victims) awaiting the
completion of formalities for departure.
tropical. ",,)...l.o ~) ) .....~U.
A strong meteorological depression,
generated in the tropics and giving
rise to extremely violent winds. The
term tropical cyclone covers typhoon,
hurricane and cyclone. Seasonal cause
of disaster.
Cf. cyclone, hurricane, typhoon.
Transmission (of infection) (transmission
d·infection. transmision de una infeccion.
(I.GJ..wI) J~I).
The passage of a disease - most
commonly an infectious disease
from one individual to another.
Syn: disease transmission.
Cf. communicable disease, infectious
disease, carrier.
Tropical depression (depression tropicale.
depresion tropical. ",,)...L.o ~).
Tropical perturbance with maximum
winds below 34 knots.
Cf. depression, tropical storm, wind.
Tropical storm (tempete tropicale. tor-
Triage (triage .. clasificacion. seleccion.j).
men/a tropical. ~)...l.o ~~).
I. Any tropical cyclonic disturbance.
2. Tropical cyclone with maximum
winds between 34 and 64 knots.
Cf. cyclone, tropical cyclone, tropical depression.
Selection and categorization of the victims of a disaster with the view to
appropriate treatment according to
the degree of severity of illness or
injury, and the availability of medical
and transport facilities.
Tropical zones (regions tropicales. zonas
Trinitrotoluene (trinitrotoluene (TNT).
tropicales. ~)...L.o J1L:..).
Countries which are continually warm,
situated between the tropical latitudes,
where the seasonal differentiation is
function of the rainfall, expressed as a
dry season (corresponding to winter
in the northern hemisphere) and a
humid season.
Cf. rainfall, rainy season, dry season, season.
trinitrotolueno (TNT). ",,)y:J1 .::.....}jV ~l:).
The chemical name for the explosive
TNT.
Cf. TNT.
Tropical air (air tropical. aire tropical . •Iy",,)...l.o).
Mass of air which has stayed over
tropical latitudes for several days and
which, accordingly, has become relatively warm.
Cf. tropical zones.
Trypanosomiasis (trypanosomiase. tripanosomiasis • .;...~I .b).
Syn: sleeping sickness.
Tropical climate (climat tropical. clima
tropical. ",,)...l.o t L:..).
The prevailing climate in the sub-tropical and tropical zones, characterized by
a well-marked dry season (in the months
when it is winter in the northern hemisphere) and an equally distinct rainy
season (during the summer in the northern hemisphere).
Cf. climate, dry season, rainy season.
Tsunami (tsunami. tsunami.
....)~ ).
~
~.r
An oceanic tidal wave generated by
an under-water upheaval such as earthquake or volcanic eruption. The waves
move out in all directions over 100
miles, causing great destruction.
Cf. seismic sea wave, tidal wave.
81
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (tuberculose, tuberculosis,
Cf. diarrhoeal diseases, enteric diseases, carrier, oral rehydration, salmonellosis.
.J)..Ii ).
Infectious and contagious disease, with
particular localization in the lungs,
caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BCG vaccination is important,
but the disease is still endemic in
many regions and is a real hazard in
crowded unsanitary conditions following disaster. One of the six diseases
in the WHO immunization programme.
Cf. Expanded Programme on Immunization.
Typhoon (typhon, tifon,
~)...\..o )L.=l).
A Chinese term, now universally adopted, for tropical cyclone in the Western Pacific. Same as "hurricane" in
the Atlantic and "cyclone" in SouthEast Asia.
Cf. cyclone, hurricane, tropical
cyclone.
Typhoon warning (avis de typhon, aviso
de tifbn, ~)..ul )L.='1 1 , f .I.~).
Meteorological message to warn of
the existence or expected arrival of a
typhoon, often coupled with advice
on protective measures.
Cf. climatological forecast, typhoon,
weather forecast.
Twister (tornade, tourbillon; tornado,
ifl,~ )L.=l)·
Syn: tornadc.
Typhoid fever (jievre typhoide,fiebre tifoidea, ~I ~I).
A serious enteric infectious disease,
transmitted by patients, carriers, water
or food, such as contaminated shellfish. It is characterized by fever, slow
pulse, skin eruption, abdominal signs,
enlarged spleen and prostration. Many
enteric diseases are labelled typhoid
fever, but the latter only is caused by
Salmonella typhi.
It is a popular belief that typhoid
frequently follows floods and other
disasters; it is in fact unusual, and
mass vaccination is not recommended.
Personal hygienic practices constitute
the best prevention. (Do not confuse
typhoid with typhus.)
Typhus (typhus, tifus,
J~)'
One of the serious rickettsial fevers,
the classically notorious epidemic
typhus, transmitted by lice. Immunization and louse control are highly effective. (Not to be confused with
typhoid.)
Cf. rickettsial fever, tick-borne
typhUS, typhus exanthematicus.
Typhus exanthematicus (typhus exanthematique, tifus exantemiItico,
~J~)'
. Cf. rickettsial fever, typhus.
u
Unaccompanied minor (enfant non ac-
person can be found who by law
or custom has primary responsibility.
Humanitarian organizations usually
take care of unaccompanied minors/
children pending family reunion. (It is
the usual practice of UNHCR to
allow unaccompanied children over 15
compagne, menor no accompaiiado,
j~ .JJ-'!
j.4J.,).
A child under 15 years of age who has
been separated from both parents following a disaster, exodus or refugee
displacement, and for whose care no
82
United Nations
the depository of studies and information on earthquakes, and has a programme on the Protection of the
Lithosphere as a Component of the
Environment.
Syn: United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization.
Cf. earthquake, United Nations.
to take decisions concerning durable
solutions for themselves).
Syn: unaccompanied child.
Cf. refugee.
Undernutrition (denutrition. desnutrici6n.
~..wl ~).
I. Inadequate intake of food, hence of
energy, over a period of time.
2. Pathological state arising from inadequate intake of food and hence of
calories, over a considerable period of
time, manifest by reduced body-weight.
Cf. energy requirements, malnutrition.
UNDRO (UNDRO. UNDRO. J.....:..
.!.o)~1 ~ .!.ojJJ .~I
r\ll).
UNICEF (UNICEF (FISE). UNICEF.
~.r.ll).
Acronymic word for United Nations
Children's Fund, special fund created
to help the underprivileged children
worldwide. From the beginning Unicef
has been engaged in emergency aid,
and now its activities extend to all the
fields of child welfare, especially child
development, health and protection of
children in disaster situations. Collaborates closely with WHO in primary
health care.
Syn: United Nations Children's
Fund.
Cf. primary health care, unaccompanied minor, United Nations.
~
The modified acronym for the Office
of the United Nations Disaster Relief
Co-ordinator, focal point in the UN
system for emergency relief, particularly in natural disasters. It mobilizes,
directs and coordinates the emergency
activities of the various UN agencies
and other organizations. It has established the UN International Emergency
Information Network (UNIENET), operates the UNDRO warehouse in Pisa,
and publishes studies on disaster relief
and preparedness. It supervises the
annual Sasakawa Disaster Prevention
Award for outstanding work in this
sector. In emergencies UNDRO despatches field officers to the stricken
site, while in normal times the UNDP
Resident Representative acts as its
representative also.
Cf. disaster, natural disaster, technological disaster, preparedness, relief,
United Nations.
United Nations (Nations Unies. Naciones
Unidas . •~I r\ll).
The supreme intergovernmental world
body established in 1945 with the
purposes of I. maintaining international peace and security, 2. developing
friendly relations among nations, 3.
solving international problems through
international cooperation, and 4. harmonizing the actions of all nations for
these common ends. The UN acts
through various mechanisms, such
as Specialized Agencies, e.g. WHO;
Centres, e.g. Human Rights; other
constituted bodies, e.g. UNHCR; committees, e.g. Disarmament; funds, e.g.
UNICEF; major programmes, e.g.
UNDP; peace-keeping forces, e.g.
UNIFIL; institutes, e.g. UNITAR,
etc. UNDRO is responsible for the
UNESCO (Unesco. Unesco. ~.r.ll).
Acronymic word for United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization, the UN specialized
agency for these fields of endeavour.
In the sector of disasters, Unesco IS
83
United Nations Children's Fund
direction and coordination of the UN
response and capability in natural and
other disasters. The General Assembly
has designated the 1990s as the International Decade for Natural Disaster
Reduction. The following UN bodies
are involved in disaster assistance:
Cf. Office of the UN Disaster Relief
Co-ordinator (UNDRO); Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO);
International Atomic Energy Agency
(lAEA); International Telecommunication Union (lTU); United Nations
Children's Fund (UNICEF); United
Nations Development Programme
(UNDP); United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR); United Nations
Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA); World
Food Programme (WFP); World
Health Organization (WHO); World
Meteorological Organization (WMO).
Syn: UNDP.
Cf. development, international assistance, technical assistance, United
Nations, UNDRO.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (Organisation
des Nations Unies pour I'Education, la
Scienceet la Culture (UNESCO), Organizacion de las Naciones Unidas para 10
Educacion, la Ciencia y la Cultura
(UNESCO),
4jlA!J~ t:~ ~;.u •.J.>..:ll r-'ll W2:...).
Full official designatIOn of UNESCO.
Cf. UNESCO.
United Nations Environment Programme
(Programme des Nations Unies pour
I'Environement (PNUE) , Programa de
las Naciones Unidas par el Medio
Ambiente (PNUMA),
~ •.J.>..:ll r \11 c;:'~.I.).
Special programme of the UN to promote a harmonious interrelationship
between environment and development,
by wise and technically sound utilization of resources and by reducing the
degradation and pollution of the environment. Acts in natural environmental catastrophes (earthquake, drought,
deforestation) and man-made disasters
(chemical explosion, oil spill, pollution).
Syn: UNEP.
Cf. deforestation, environment, United Nations.
United Nations Children's Fund (Fonds des
Nations Unies pour I'Enfance (UNICEF, FISE) , Fondo de las Naciones
Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF),
;Jy<kJ1 "'l&.) •.J.>..:ll r'll ..........y.).
Cf. UNICEF.
United Nations Development Programme
(Programme des Nations Unies pour Ie
Developpement (P NU D), Programa de
las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo
(PNUD) , Jli~1 •.J.>..:ll r'i l C"~.ld.
The major UN programme for multIlateral technical and pre-investment
cooperation for development; the funding source for most of the technical
assistance provided by the UN. UNDP
Resident Representatives act. as the
representatives of UNDRO in the respective countries.
United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees (Haut Commissaire des
Nations Unies pour les Refugies, Alto
Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas
para los Refugiados,
~')\jl .JJj.-!J •.J.>..:ll r'il ~y....).
Office of the UN High Commissioner
specifically established to protect and
assist refugees, with the goal of finding
permanent solutions to the refugee
problem. It designs and administers
84
Viral hepatitis (A and B)
Cf. UNRWA.
programmes of assistance to countries
of asylum in providing emergency
relief to refugees arriving there, and
facilitates repatriation, orderly departure, local integration or resettlement.
Has an active programme of refugeerelated disaster management.
Syn: UNHCR, HCR.
Cf. refugee, United Nations.
UNRWA (UNRWA, UNRWA, ~j\ll).
Modified acronym for United Nations
Relief and Works Agency for Palestine
Refugees, organization that since 1950
has been assisting and protecting Palestine refugees - who are not included in
UNHCR's mandate.
Cf. refugee, UNHCR, United Nations.
United Nations Relief and Works Agency
for Palestine Refugees (Office de
Urbanization (urbanisation, urbanizaci6n,
Secours et de Travaux des Nations Unies
pour les Refugies de Palestine dans Ie
Proche-Orient (UNRWA), Organismo
de Obras Publica y Socorro a los Refugiados de Palestina en el Cercano Oriente
(UNRWA),
~I ~')\jl ~J ":'jJ •..b..:.ll \,",\11 ;jlSJ
J~':JI
JrJI
~).
Transformation of rural land to urban
use, under the influence of economic,
demographic and spatial pressures
of an urban centre, with consequent
problems.
Cf. conurbation.
J).
Full official designation for UNRWA.
V
Vaccination (vaccination, vacunaci6n,
Vector (vecteur, vector, Jil;).
Animal or insect that acts as intermediate host or carrier, transmitting disease from one to another, especially
to human beings.
Cf. carrier, infection, transmission.
~).
Method of preventing certain infectious
diseases by conferring active immunity
in a person through the introduction by injection/ingestion/application - of
certain preparations called vaccines,
which reinforce the resistance of the
body.
Syn: immunization.
Cf. infection, vaccine.
Venereal disease (maladie venerienne, enfermedades venereas, ~.I'j ...r''.,-i). .
Disease transmitted by the gem tal
tract. The classically mentioned are
syphilis and gonorrhoea, but there are
many others, now named under
sexually transmitted diseases.
Syn: VD.
Cf. sexually transmitted diseases.
Vaccine (vaccin, vacuna, CL4J).
Antigenic preparation that has the property of causing the formation of protective antibodies in the receiver, used
for the prevention of certain microbial,
viral or parasitic diseases by vaccination.
Cf. immunization, vaccination.
Verruga (Peruana) (bartonellose, bartonelosis, '0~j.;JI .b).
Syn: bartonellosis.
Viral hepatitis (A and B) (hepatite virale
VD (VD, VD, ~.I'j <..1"''.,-'1).
Syn: venereal disease.
(A et B), hepatitis viral (A), B),
'-:'J 1 I,?'J.r.-<J 1 ..l.SJI ,-:,lrll).
85
Virucide
Vitamin 8 2 deficiency (ariboflavinose.
arriboflavinosis. I '":' ~~I jy).
A nutritional deficiency due to lack of
vitamin 8 2 and characterized by tongue
and lip lesions.
Syn: ariboflavinosis, hypovitaminosis B2 •
Acute infection of the liver, due to a
virus, probably of two types, Type A
(previously known as acute infectious
hepatitis) and Type B (usually called
serum or post-transfusion hepatitis).
Type A is spread mainly by faecaloral contact and contaminated water
or food. It is a real risk in congested,
insalubrious areas following disaster.
Type B is mainly transmitted through
blood transfusions. It has become a
major problem among drug addicts
through the repeated use of infected
needles.
Vitamin C deficiency (hypovitaminose C.
scorbut .. hipovitaminosis C. escorbuto.
C.
~~I jy).
Syn: hypovitaminosis C, scurvy.
Vitamin D deficiency (rachitisme. raquitismo. J ~l:z.4l1 jy).
Syn: hypovitaminosis D, rickets.
J ---:,.---:--....
Virucide (virulicide. viricida . ......
Vitamin deficiency (hypovitaminose. hipovitaminosis . .;..~l:z.4l1 jy).
Lack of vitamin intake, without specifying the particular vitamin deficiency.
There is no deficiency in all vitamins,
specific deficiencies lead to specific diseases.
Syn: hypovitaminosis.
Cf. beri-beri, pellagra, rickets, scurvy,
vitamin A deficiency, vitamin Bl deficiency, vitamin 8 2 deficiency, vitamin
C deficiency, vitamin D deficiency.
Volcanic eruption (eruption volcanique.
erupcion volcanica. J~ ~).
The sudden explosive ejection of superheated matter - lava, cinders, ashes,
gases and dust, from a volcanic crater
or vent.
Cf. volcano.
.;..\....J~I).
Chemical compound used to destroy
viruses.
Cf. pesticide.
Virus (virus. virus. ,fJ.;-!)'
Self-reproducing infectious agent smaller than bacteria, containing only one
type of nucleic acid and multiplying
only in cells and responsible for a
wide range of diseases, and often of
epidemics.
Cf. epidemic, human immunodeficiency virus, infection.
Visceral leishmaniasis (leishmaniose visceral. kala-azar . .,s.,.:-:L-I .;..~\c.!-:lll .1).
A tropical and subtropical parasitic
disease transmitted by sandflies.
Syn: Kala azar.
Cf. leishmaniasis.
Volcano (volcan. vo/dm . .)~).
A conical mountain with an opening
on the earth's crust through which
magma of molten rock or gases or
both erupt to the surface.
Cf. ash, magma, solfatara, stratovolcano, tephra.
Vitamin A deficiency (hypovitaminose A.
hipovitaminosis A. 'I ~~I jy).
Nutritional deficiency in vitamin A or
retinol, the leading cause of blindness
in infants, and xerophthalmia (night
blindness).
Syn: hypovitaminosis A.
Voluntary agency (agence benevo/e. organismo benefico. ~,,1 -.llSj).
A non-profit, non-governmental, private association, maintained and sup-
Vitamin 8 1 deficiency (ber(beri. beriberi.
'":' ~~\ jy).
Syn: beri-beri, hypovitaminosis B 1 .
86
Wash-out
ported by voluntary contributions.
Among its activities, assistance in
emergencies and disasters is notable.
ICV A, the International Council of
Voluntary Agencies, represents their
federation.
Syn: VOLAG, voluntary organization.
Cf. international assistance.
from the occurrence of a natural phenomenon of a given magnitude and expressed on a scale from 0 (= no damage) to
I (= total loss). - UNDRO
Cf. elements at risk, hazard, natural
hazard, risk, risk indicator, risk map.
Vulnerability study (etude de vulnerabilite,
estudio sobre vulnerabilidad,
...,.....,..:ll 1S..\..o ..... G~)·
Study and investigation of all the risks
and the hazards susceptible to cause a
disaster.
Cf. disaster, hazard, prevention, risk
indicator.
Voluntary organization (organisation benevole, organizacion benefica, ~)> wo.:...).
Syn: voluntary agency.
Cf. non-governmental organization.
Voluntary repatriation (rapatriement libre-
Vulnerable group (groupe vulnerable, grupo
ment consenti, repatriacion voluntaria,
~)> .~.J" - ~JI:-:.•J .~.J").
The freely consented return of a refugee
to his country with the view to his reestablishment there.
Cf. principle of non-refoulement,
refugee, repatriation.
vulnerable, .....J'" i.&-~).
A section of the popUlation, specially
infants, pregnant and lactating mothers,
the elderly, the homeless, who are particularly prone to sickness and nutritional
deficiencies. They are likely to suffer
most in a disaster.
Vortex (vortex .. vertice, vortex, ... ~~).
Vulnerable person (sujet vulnerable, sujeto
the "eye" or centre of the spiral clouds
of a cyclone, hurricane or typhoon.
vulnerable, """'J'" ~).
Individual who is at risk.
Cf. susceptible case, vulnerable group,
risk.
Vulnerability (vulnerabilite, vulnerabilidad,
...,..."..u ).
The degree of loss to a given element at
risk, or set of such elements, resulting
w
War wounded (blesse de guerre, herido de
In transport and shipping, represents
a shed or storehouse where cargo
is kept pending despatch or retrieval.
Bonded warehouse is an official warehouse under customs control where
transit cargo is kept or where cargo is
stored pending customs clearance.
guerra, '-:'? ~?).
I. I n the strict sense: regular member
of the armed forces wounded in an
armed conflict in the course of military operations.
2. In a wider sense: any person
wounded during an armed conflict in
the course of military operations.
Cf. armed conflict, Geneva Conventions.
Wash-out (entrainement par les precipitations, precipitacion con la l/uvia,
j-J~ ~~l
-
.j?).
Syn: rain-out.
Cf. scavenging.
Warehouse (entrepot, almacen, t:.i-')'
87
Wastage
Wastage (gaspillage, desperdicio,).JJ> -
Weather forecast (prevision meteorologique, prediccion del tiempo, ~~ .:...~).
Announcement of meteorological conditions anticipated for a specific area
and period of time. Weather forecasting
is important in disaster prevention.
Cf. cyclone warning, meteorology.
~~).
Bad use of the forces, resources, material, human capabilities and financial
means.
Waste water (eaux usees, aguas residuales,
~'l:-o).
Weather map (carte meteorologique, mapa
meteorol6gico, ..,-4kl1 ~.r).
Water rendered unsafe and polluted in
the course of its domestic or industrial
use, comprising household (kitchen,
laundry) drainage (lavatories) and residual (industrial) effluents.
Cf. sanitary engineering.
Wasting (emaciation,
Topographic map on which the national meteorological services record
data - temperature, humidity, winds,
nebulosity, pressure, etc. - every six
hours, using symbols, isobars, etc.
Cf. meteorology, topography.
emaciaciim,)~).
Depletion of the essential biological,
cellular constituents of the body, reflected in the loss of fat and muscle
tissue, resulting from prolonged food
deprivation and often associated with
infections or other diseases.
Syn: emaciation.
Well-being (bien-etre, bienestar,
Wheat-soya blend (melange /rom en t-soja ,
Water harnessing (captage, captacion,
mezcla trigo-soya, ~.,...J~ ~I .k.}.,;.).
Nutritive food mixture consisting of:
73.1 % wheat, pre-cooked
20.0 % soya flour
4.0% salad oil, stabilized
2.9% vitamin and mineral premix.
Syn: WSB.
Cf. food mixtures.
.1:1 1 J")\O;;....I).
The process of capturing and channelling the water of a spring, lake or
river into a network for utilization.
Watershed (bassin versant, cuenca fluvial,
.j>",..).
Syn: river basin.
j~1
Wave (houle, vague; ola,
~~).
The physical and psychological state
that makes an individual feel adjusted
to his environment.
Cf. environment, health, needs.
Wheat-soya-milk (midange jroment-soja-
~r)'
lait, mezcla trigo-soya-Ieche, ~I .k.}.,;.
.:,JJ ~ ~.,...J ~).
Wheat-soya mixture prepared in milk.
Syn: WSM.
cr. food mixtures.
Agitation of the surface of the sea
caused by local winds. The numerical
code representing the state of the sea
is the Douglas scale.
Syn: surge.
Cf. Douglas scale.
Whirlwind (tourbillon; torbellino, remolin 0 , ~)r ... ~).
Wave-generating area (aire de generation
A small-scale rotating column of air.
Syn: twister.
Cf. tornado.
de la houle, area generadora de oleaje,
. ~\II ..u; <Ala;.,.).
bceanic surface upon which winds
blow in constant direction and force.
Cf. force, wind, wind force.
Whooping cough (coqueluche; tos jerina,
pertussis,
88
J",...l:. ,.;,.) JL.......).
World Council of Churches
A common, highly infectious communicable disease of childhood characterized
by paroxysmal coughing. A significant
cause of death in infants in developing
countries. Easily preventable and included in the WHO programme of
immunization.
Syn: pertussis.
Cf. Expanded Programme on Immunization.
Wind force (force du vent, fuerza del
viento, C~)I oj).
Force exerted by the wind on a building, plantation, object, etc.
Winter monsoon (mousson d'hiver, manzan de invierno, ~.,:..;. C~)·
Continental monsoon which blows in
the winter.
Cf. monsoon, summer monsoon.
Workshop (educational) (atelier (de formation), taller, ~ ~".. C~)·
An organized series of training sessions that emphasizes free discussion
and exchange of ideas, concepts, skills
and methods for problem solving and
professional development.
WHOPAX Report (Rapport WHOPAX,
Informe de WHOPAX, ~LY' .I.';;)'
Abridged designation for the Report
of the WHO Management Group on
the Role of Physicians and Other
Health Workers in the Preservation
and Promotion of Peace, published
under the title "Effects of Nuclear
War on Health and Health Services".
It concludes that "the only approach
to the treatment of health effects ... is
the prevention of nuclear war".
Cf. World Health Organization, nuclear war, GLA WARS Report.
World Association for Emergency and
Disaster Medicine (Association mondiale
de medecine d'urgence et de catastrophes, Asociacian mundial de medicina
de urgencia y desastre,
~)I,SJ~ .s)1)aJ1
..,..1J '-:lJ..l.i1
.<k~I).
Major worldwide organization of professionals from a wide range of health
disciplines engaged in or promoting
better knowledge and practice of all
aspects of emergency medicine and
disaster medicine.
Cf. disaster medicine, European
Centre for Disaster Medicine.
Willy-willy (cyclone tropical, ciclan tropical, ..,»..1,. ) ...=\).
The Australian term for a tropical
cyclone.
Cf. tropical cyclone.
Wind (vent, viento, C;')'
Air movement relative to the earth's
surface. Unless otherwise specified,
only the horizontal component of the
movement is considered. The coding
of wind velocity is shown by the Beaufort scale.
Cf. Beaufort scale.
World Council of Churches (Conseil recumenique des eglises, Consejo Mundial
de Iglesias,...,...:lSJ.i .jWI ~I).
Fellowship of some 300 Christian,
non-Catholic churches to promote the
unity of the Church and mankind.
Active in international affairs with particular attention to conflict situations,
human rights, peace and disaster assistance.
Syn: Oecumenical Council, WCe.
Cf. non-governmental organization.
Wind erosion (erosion eolienne, erosion
ealiana, CUI ~ .:..t,i).
Erosion of the land due to the action
of winds.
Syn: aeolian erosion.
Cf. erosion, soil erosion, wind.
89
World Food Programme
World Food Programme (Programme A Ii-
health care, public health, United
Nations, WHOPAX Report.
mentaire M ondiaf (PAM). Programa
Mundial de Alimentos (PMA).
.)WI ,loWl ~\,;.I.).
.
.
the organization of the Umted NatIOns
system for food aid, both for development projects and emergency relief in
drought or famine, by mobilization of
bulk foodstuffs (while FAO mobilizes
resources). Has a food-for-work mechanism for refugee and disaster situations.
Syn: WFP.
Cf. drought, food aid, Food and Agriculture Oraganization, United Nations.
World Meteorological Organization (Organisation Meteorologique Mondiale
(OMM). Organizacion Meteorofogica
Mundial (OMM).
~yll ~L.,.:.J".>\J <:J.WI .o....k:J.1).
UN specialized agency that promotes
the effective use worldwide of mete orological and hydrological information,
especially in weather forecasting, waterresource prediction and climatology.
A priority function is to oversee the
World Weather Watch and World Climate Programme. Important and active
in the meteorological aspects of disaster
management.
Syn: WMO.
Cf. meteorology, World Weather
Watch, United Nations.
World Health Organization (Organisation
mondiale de la Sante (OMS). Organizacion Mundiaf de fa Safud (OMS).
;JWI ~I WO;..).
The health arm of the United Nations,
aiming at "the attainment by all peoples
of the highest possible level of health".
Coordinates efforts to raise health levels
worldwide and promotes the development of primary health. Besides multiple public health programmes and
actions, it is engaged in disaster preparedness and relief both at headquarters and at six Regional Offices, and
coordinates the health sector of any
UN involvement in major emergencies. Has compiled the Emergency
Health Kit.
Syn: WHO.
Cf. Emergency Health Kit, primary
World Weather Watch (Veille Meteorologique Mondiale. Vigilancia Meteorologica Mundial . .}WI ",yll ..1....0)1).
The global system of the World Meteorological Organization for observing,
monitoring and exchanging meteorological information in real time through
satellite and other advanced data collecting methods.
Syn: WWW.
Cf. satellite, World Meteorological
Organization.
x
Xerophthalmia (xerophtalmie. xeroftalmia.
Ull
A deficiency, causing lens opacification,
keratomalacia and night blindness.
Cf. vitamin A deficiency.
..j~).
A serious eye disease due to the total
ocular syndrome associated with vitamin
90
Zoonosis
y
Yam (igname; name, batata,
~ u.~ - i 4).
Tropical edible plant, the roots of
which are rich in starch and constitute
the staple food in certain regions.
Cf. conventional food, staple food.
A highly contagious, acute, lethal viral
disease of Africa and South America,
transmitted by the Aedes mosquito.
Death is due to liver and kidney failure.
One of the few remaining quarantinable diseases, successfully preventable
by vaccination.
Cf. endemic, epidemic, jaundice, quarantine.
Yaws (pian; piim,frambesia,jyJ.
Syn: pinta.
Yellow fever (fievre jaune, fiebre amarilla,
-1)...0 ~).
z
Zoonosis (zoonose, zoonosis,
Zero option (option zero, opciim cero,)l;:>1
.;....JI ).
The possibility of agreement between
the nuclear powers to reduce the stockpiles of long range nuclear missiles to
nil. Double-zero applies to long range
and medium range missiles.
Cf. nuclear war, WHOPAX.
)..w.J1 J~ ....,.;J").
Any disease of animals that can be
transmitted to man. Example: rabies,
yellow fever, dengue.
91
PART II
UNITS AND MEASURES
a (a, a, I)
Symbol for are
are (a) (are, area, (I) })
Measure of area equivalent to 100 m 2 or 119.6 square yards.
Beaufort (Beaufort, Beaufort, )}y,)
Scale from 0 to 12 indicating wind force. Cf. * Beaufort scale.
becquerel (Bq) (becquerel (Bq), becquerel (Bq) , J.~)
Unit of nuclear activity. I Bq represents the amount of radioactive substance
where one disintegration occurs per second. (Has replaced the curie.)
billion (milliard, mil mil/ones, .J~)
In the UK = one thousand million. In the US = one billion.
Bq (Bq, Bq, J.~)
Symbol for becquerel.
0C (oC, 0C, ...,. 0)
Symbol for degree Celsius. Previously centigrade.
cal. (cal., cal., Jl$"")
Symbol for calorie.
calorie (cal.) (calorie (cal.), caloria (cal.), (Jl$"") o»Jl$"")
Unit of heat. The amount of heat required to' raise the temperature of I litre of
water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C under normal atmospheric pressure, (101 235
pascals).
Celsius (0C) (Celsius (DC), Celsius (DC), (cJ"0) cJ".r.-L)
See degree Celsius.
Celsius scale (echelle de Celsius, escala de Celsius, ...,..r.-L cJ"1.:A--)
Thermodynamic scale of temperature in function of temperature kelvin. Has
replaced the centigrade scale.
centigrade (degree and scale) (centigrade, centigrado, ~~)
Have been replaced by the degree and scale Celsius.
centimetre (or centimeter) (cm) (centimetre (cm), centimetro (cm), (r)~)
One hundredth of one metre.
cm (cm, cm, r)
Symbol for centimetre.
cubic metre (or meter) (m3) (metre cube (m 3 ), metro cubico,
Unit of volume of a cube measuring 1m on every side.
• Cf. refers to this term in Section I, Part I, the Dictionary.
93
<' r>
~;..)
cwt (cwt, cwt, ~JJ)x..)
Symbol for hundredweight.
degree Celsius (0C) (degre Celsius (OC), grado Celsius (OC), C. .r"·) "",r.-L '-':-)J)
Unit of degree of temperature that has replaced the centigrade. (Converted to
degree Fahrenheit by multiplying by 1.8 and adding 32.)
degree centigrade (degre centigrade, grado centigrado,
See degree Celsius, which has replaced it.
J~
'-':-)J)
degree Fahrenheit (OF) (degre Fahrenheit (OF), grado Fahrenheit (OF),
<.j ') ..:..;r.Ai '-':-)J)
Degree of temperature. (Converted to degree Celsius by subtracting 32 and
multiplying by 0.555.)
Douglas (Douglas, Douglas, ""'~JJ)
Numerical scale from 0 to 9 indicating the state of the sea. Cf. Douglas scale.
°F (0 F, of, ...:.')
Symbol for degree Fahrenheit.
foot (ft) (pied, pie, i..u)
Unit of linear measure equivalent to 12 inches or 30.48 cm (plural, feet).
ft (pied, pie, i..u)
Symbol for foot or feet.
g (g, g,
t)
Symbol for gramme (or gram).
gal. (gal., gal., 0)\i.)
Symbol for gallon.
gallon (gal.) (gallon (gal.), galbn (gal.), .J)~)
Unit of capacity. The imperial or British gal. is equal to 4.5 litres, the US gal. to
3.8 I.
GMT (TMG (GMT), TMG (GMT), Lpl ....;::.-.;. .:....!j)
Cf. Greenwich mean time.
GNP (PNB, PNB, J~':II -r.,Al1 <iU1)
Cf. Gross national product.
gramme (or gram) (g) (gramme (g), gramo (g), <U ilj- )
Sub-multiple of the unit of mass, the kilogramme, which is equal to 1000 g. Also
equal to 0.035 ounces.
gray (Gy) (gray (Gy), gray (Gy), vlj-)
The unit of absorbed dose, corresponding to the energy absorption of I joule per
kg of tissue. Equal to 100 rads, the old unit.
gross registered tonnage (GRT) (tonnage de jauge brute, arqueo de registro bruto,
JIi ~ 41.,-»
The capacity of a freighter, volume of its enclosed spaces, expressed in 2.83 m 3 or
100 sq. ft. Also called gross tonnage.
94
GRT (GRT, TRB, ...eli ~ ..l.,..,...)
Abbreviation for gross registered tonnage.
h(h, h, If'}
Symbol for hour.
ha (ha, ha, J~)
Symbol for hectare.
hectare (ha) (hectare (ha), hectarea (ha)'J~)
Unit of surface, equivalent to 104 m 2 or 2.5 acres.
hour (h) (heure (h), hora (h), (If') 'sl..)
Unit of time equivalent to 3600 seconds or 60 minutes.
hundredweight (cwt) (hundredweight (cwt), hundredweight (cwt), ~J~J..o)
Unit of weight in the United Kingdom and Canada, equivalent to 112 pounds or
50.7 kg, and in the US 100 pounds, 45.3 kg.
imperial gallon (gal.) (gallon imperial (gal.), galon imperial (gal.),
I$J).I.r.--'1
.J}6:-)
in. (in., in., ~y.)
Symbol for inch.
inch (in.) (pouce (in.), pulgada (in.), ~y.)
UK and US unit of length equivalent to 2.54cm
J (J, J, c.)
Symbol for joule.
joule (J) (joule (J), joule (J), (c.) J~)
I. Unit of work produced by a force of I newton, whose point of application is
displaced by I m in the direction of the force.
2. Also the unit of measure of energy and the quantity of heat.
K (K, K, !J)
Symbol for kelvin.
kcal (kcal, kcal, I$J}IS' }:5')
Symbol for kilocalorie.
kerma (kerma, kerma, \..~)
Kinetic energy released in matter, the measure of intensity of ionizing radiation
at a given place. The dose is expressed in grays. Cf. kerma.
c!>
kg (kg, kg,
Symbol for kilogramme (or kilogram).
kilocalorie (kcal) (kilocalorie (kcal) , kilocaloria (kcal), I$J}IS' }:5')
Multiple of the unit of energy calorie, equivalent to 1000 cal.
kelvin (K) (kelvin (K), kelvin (K), (!J).)l51
Unit of thermodynamic temperature equal to the degree Celsius.
kilogramme (or kilogram) (kg) (kilogramme (kg), kilbgramo (kg), (~) rl}}:5')
Unit of mass in the metric and SI system, equal to 1000 grams or 2.2 pounds.
95
kilometre (or kilometer) (km) (kilometre (km). kilometro (km).
Measure of distance equivalent to 1000 m or 0.62 miles.
(~);..~
kiloton (kt) (kilo tonne (kt). kilotonelada (kt). joN)
Measure of the explosive power of a nuclear weapon. Cf. kiloton.
kilowatt (kW) (kilowatt (kW). kilowatt (kW).
The power of 1000 watts.
J.~N)
km (km. km. ~)
Symbol for kilometre.
knot (n~ud. nudo. o~)
Unit of length, especially marine, equal to 1/120th of a sea mile.
kt (kt. kt. Jo~
Symbol for kiloton.
kW (kW. kW. J.~N)
Symbol for kilowatt.
I (I. I. J)
Symbol for litre.
Ib (livre (lb). lb. o.;J)
Symbol for pound.
LD-50 (LD-50. DL-50. ~ ;J.;li ~?)
Symbol for lethal dose-50. Cf. lethal dose-50.
litre (I) (litre (l).litro (I). (J);J)
Unit of volume of liquids equal to 10- 3 cubic metres.
long ton (tonne longue. tonelada larga . ...~\ Jo)
Unit of weight for merchandise equivalent to 1016.06 kg.
m (m. m. r)
Symbol for metre (or meter).
m 2 (m2. m2. l i )
Square metre.
m 3 (m 3 • m 3 • • i)
Cubic metre.
megaton (Mt) (megatonne (Mr). megatonelada (Mt). Jol>..:-)
Measure of the explosive power of a nuclear weapon. Cf. megaton.
megawatt (MW) (megawatt (MW). megawatt (MW) . .J.~l>..:-)
Multiple of the watt unit of power, equal to I million W.
Mercalli (Mercalli. Mercalli. JllS"/ ...,.1.:4--)
Numerical scale from I to -12 indicating the intensity of an earthquake.
Cf. Mercalli scale.
metre (or meter) (m) (merr~ (m). metro (m). (i);")
SI unit of length, one thousandth of a km, measured on the radiation of the
atom krypton 86.
96
metric quintal (q) (quintal (q), quintal (q), <.?;.. JL:.:S)
Unit of mass equivalent to 100kg.
metric ton (t), tonne (tonne (t), tonelada (t), <.?;.. Jo 'Jo)
Unit of weight for merchandise, equivalent to 1000 kg.
mg (mg, mg, t)
Symbol for milligramme.
mile (mille, milia, J:.-)
UK/US measure of distance/length equivalent to 1609 metres.
milligramme (or milligram) (mg) (milligramme (mg), miligramo (mg),
Sub-multiple of the unit of mass kilogramme, equal to 10- 6 kg.
(t) i~)
million (million, millem, .:>r.i-)
One thousand times one thousand, or 10 6 •
Mt (Mt, Mt,
Jo~)
Symbol for megaton.
MW (MW, MW,.J.~~)
Symbol for megawatt.
N (N, N,,:»
Symbol for newton.
nautical mile (mille marin, milia marina, <.?.,/.
Unit of length equivalent to 1852 m.
J:.-)
net registered tonnage (NRT) (tonnage net, tonelada de registro neto,
4.:iL....
~ ~.r>")
The registered volume of a ship utilized commercially.
net weight (jauge nelle, arqueo neto, 4.:iL....
Same as net registered tonnage.
~.r>")
newton (N) (newton (N), newton (N), (.:».j~)
Unit of force which accelerates a mass of I kg by I m/s2.
NRT (tonnage net, arqueo neto, 4.:iL.... ~ ~.r>")
Abbreviation for net registered tonnage.
Pa (Pa, Pa, L)
Symbol for pascal.
pascal (Pa) (pascal (Pa), pascal (Pa), (L) JtS:....~)
Unit of uniform pressure which, when applied to a surface of 1m2, exercises a
total force of I newton.
pound (lb) (livre (lb), libra (Ib), .~)
British and US weight equivalent to 0.453 kg.
q (q, q, Jl:.S')
Symbol for metric quintal.
rad (rad, rad,
~~)
97
The old unit of absorbed dose, now replaced by the gray. Equal to onehundredth Gy.
register ton (RT) (tonneau de jauge (TJB). tonelada de registro . .:,bJ4 ~I ;J"J-I)
International unit of volume for ships, equivalent to 100 cubic feet or 2.83 m 3 .
register tonnage (tonnage de registre. tonelaje de registro. ~ ;J.".-.»
Same as net registered tonnage.
Richter (Richter. Richter. ~.;)
Numerical scale from -I to 8 indicating earthquake magnitude. Cf. Richter scale.
roentgen (roentgen. roentgen. ~JJ)
The unit of X-rays; the unit of exposure to radiation.
RT (TIB. TR . .:,bJL ;J"J-I)
Abbreviation for register ton.
s (s. s.
~)
Symbol for second.
second (s) (seconde (s). segundo (s). <~) ~l:)
The time of 9 162631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transmission of superfine levels of the fundamental atom cesium 133. One 60th of a
minute.
..»)
short ton (tonne courte. tonelada corta • ..jv.)
US unit of weight for merchandise, equivalent to 907.20 kg.
square (carre. cuadrado. (') C!) - ~f)
The product of a number by itself; example, square metre (m2).
square metre (m 2 ) (metre carre (m 2 ). metro cuadrado (m 2 ).
Area of a square all sides measuring I m each.
<TO r::/;")
thousand million (milliard. mil mil/ones . .:.>~)
One thousand times a million, or 10 9 , used in the UK for the US billion.
tidal scale (echelle de maree. escala de la marea. ))-~ ..u.1 i/~)
Graduated scale that shows in decimetres the variations in the height of the
water.
..»)
ton (tonne. tonelada .
Unit of weight for merchandise.
US gal. (gallon amhicain. gal6n americano . ..fv.) .:.>J\&c)
Symbol for the United States gallon.
.
US gallon (gallon amhicain. gal6n americana. ~) .:.>J\&c)
Unit of capacity in the US for grains and liquids, equivalent to 3.785 litres.
W (W. W.J)
Symbol for watt.
watt (W) (watt (W). watt' (W). (.I) .1~)
The unit of power in electricity, equivalent to I J/s.
98
PART III
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ABM
MAB (ABM)
MAB (ABM)
Antiballistic missile
Missile antiballistique
Misil antibalistico
~Jl:-=ll "';":1..wJ .Jl.,4..
ADB
BAID
BAID
AsDB
BAsD
BAsD
AEROSAT
AEROSAT
AEROSAT
'-'!..u
Africain Development Bank
Banque Africaine de Developpement
Banco Africano de Desarrollo
• .1'\11 ~I
.)'.
. -!..L.
Abidjan
Asian Development Bank
Banque Asiatique de Developpement
Banco Asiatico de Desarrollo
-s. : r\II
-!..L.
. "~I
.
Manila
International Aeronautic Satellite Programme
Programme de satellite aeronautique international
Programa internacional de satCiites aeronauticos
«-':"\....J.l.11I J~
JiW .Jj;
~~.1.
AFP
Agence France Presse
~.rill 01.,;\11 4ll5J
AFRO
AFRO
AFRO
Regional Office for Africa
Bureau Regional de l' Afrique
Oficina Regional para Africa
• ''1\ ~
. 1,'11 ~I
.
.)'..1
AGFUND
AGFUND
AGFUND
AID
AID
AID
Brazzaville (OMS/WHO)
Arab Gulf Fund for United Nations Development
Fonds du Golfe Arabe pour Ie Developpement des
Nations Unies
Program a del Golfo Arabe para el Desarrollo de las
Naciones Unidas
~LC'11 •..b.:.ll r\ll -.:..I.k:-- r..u -.r..,J1 ~I ~~.1.
(United States) Agency for International Development
Agence (des Etats Unis) pour Ie Developpement International
Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional
"-:lJ..u1 ~ •..b.:.ll -.:..~'1.,JI 4ll5J
Washington
99
AIDS
SIDA
SIDA
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Syndrome immunodeficitaire acquis
Sindrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida
j.J.J.'i 1 : ~I ~U.I j.,.JI ~j")\;..
AM
MA
MA
Transmission through amplitude modulation
Emission modulation d'amplitude
Transmisi6n MA
a
l L..;'i l
~
JL.A
AMRO
AMRO
AMRO
Regional Office for the Americas
Bureau Regional des Ameriques
Oficina Regional para las Americas
..jv./'YI ~'YI ~I
Washington (OMS/WHO)
AMSAT
AMSAT
AMSAT
Amateur satellite
Satellite d'amateur
Satelite de aficionados
JI~ ~L..)
AP
Associated Press
~r'i
....,...;.r
ASAP
ASAP
ASAP
As soon as possible
Des que possible
Lo antes posible
~ ..:.i) (j-'t
ASEAN
ANASE
ANAS
Association of South-East Asian Nations
Association des Nations de I'Asie du Sud-Est
Asociaci6n de Naciones del Asia Sudoriental
l:-I J.,.=. '-;'.f->':- ("""I ~~
ATA
ATA
ATA
Actual time of arrival
Heure d'arrivee
Hora de lIegada
~I
ATD
ATD
ATD
Jy)1 ..:.i)
Actual time of departure
Heure de depart
Hora de salida
~I o))WI ..:.i)
BCG
BCG
BCG
=
Anti-tubercular vaccine
'Bacille Calmette-Guerin
Bacilo Calmette-Guerin
C"""'~
100
Jakarta
BENELUX
BENELUX
BENELUX
Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg
Belgique, Pays Bas, Luxembourg
Belgica, Paises Bajos, Luxemburgo
~.)L...aa';il ~fo. .)I".C:I
BMR
MB
MB
BW
GB
GB
Basal metabolic rate
Metabolisme basal
Metabolismo basal
""L..\II ,":,J\A:j';i1
Biological warfare (or weapon)
Guerre biologique
Guerra biol6gica
~)~I
CAF
CAF
CAF
J.w
,":,.)-1
Cost and freight
Cout et fret
Costo y fiete
J4:l~ ~I
CAFOD
CAFOD
CAFOD
Catholic Fund for Overseas Development
Fonds catholique pour Ie developpement outremer
Fondo Cat61ico para el Desarrollo de Ultramar
Jl>..:ll '~J Ie! ~
y~1 JJx....aJ 1
London
CARE
CARE
CARE
Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere
Cooperative pour I'aide americaine au monde en tier
Cooperativa Americana de Socorro Internacional
J:!'
New York
CARICOM
CARICOM
CARICOM
Caribbean Community
Marche commun des Carai"bes
Comunidad del Caribe
i;.
i,f-'..JI.SJ I .) 1".C:';i1
CAS
SAC
SAC
Georgetown
Collision avoidance system
Systeme anti-collision
Sistema anticolisi6n
rl..lk..,.,'.>\J .)1..,4.. rLli.;
CCIA
CCIA
CCIA
Commission of the Churches on International Affairs
Commission des eglises pour les affaires internationales
Comisi6n de las Iglesias para los Asuntos Internacionales
~J..ul j:L..ll ....-:t.s::J1 <:..!WCC, Geneva
CE
Council of Europe
101
CE
CE
CEC
CCE
CCE
Conseil de I'Europe
Consejo de Europa
...r.J.JJ~1 ~I
Strasbourg
Commission of European Communities
Commission des Communautes Europeennes
Comision de las Comunidades Europeas
~J.JJ~I ..;...\.)~\'I ~
Brussels
CEMEC
CEMEC
CEMEC
European Centre for Disaster Medicine
Centre Europeen pour la Medecine des Catastrophes
Centro Europeo de Medicina de Catastrofes
~},sJ1 -,...kJ ...r.J.JJ~I.?)1
San Marino
CFC
CFC
CFC
Chlorofluorocarbons
Cholofluorocarbones
Clorofluorocarbonos
..;... Ly,.?J.J."am1S'
CI
Caritas Internationalis
":lJ..u1 ...,.l::.JlS' 4
CICARWS
CESEAR
CICARWS
Vatican
Commission on Inter-Church Aid, Refugee and World
Service
Commission d'Entraide et de Service des EgJises pour
I' Assistance aux Refugies
Comision de Ayuda Mutua y de Servicio de las Iglesias
para la Asistencia a Refugiados
cf.:!.>)lJ1 .~W ~t:.s::J1 ..;...l,.J>.J ..;...L.".... ~
WCC, Geneva
CIDA
ACDI
CIDA
Canadian International Development Agency
Agence Canadienne de Developpement International
Organismo Canadiense de Desarrollo Internacional
":lJ..u1 ~ ~.o:J1 JlS')1
Ottawa
CIF
CAF
CIF
Cost, insurance and freight
Cout, assurance, fret
Cos to, seguro, flete
(jAJ~ ~'L:.I~
CILSS
CILSS
CILSS
4.Al5J1) ....:..:-
Permanent Inter-state Committee for Drought Control in
the Sahel
Comite permanent Inter-etats de Lutte contre la Sec heresse dans Ie Sahel
= 'Comite Permanente Inter-Estados de Lucha contra la
Sequia en el Sahel
102
CILSS
~UI ~
J .jl.4.!-1
wtS:.\
JJ..u1 ~ .<.)~I WI
Ouagadougou
CMEA
CMEA
COMECON
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON)
Conseil d'assistance economique mutuelle (COMECON)
Consejo de Ayuda Economica Mutua
~~~I ~~\....ci)ll ..::...iJ.&.L!1 ~
Moscow
COD
COD
COD
Cash on delivery
Paiement la Iivraison
Pago a la entrega
a
rl~~..ul
CONGO
CONGO
CONGO
Conference of Non-Governmental Organizations in
consultative status with the United Nations Economic
and Social Council
Conference des Organisations Non-Gouvernementales
ayant Ie statut consultatif aupres du Conseil Economique
et Social des Nations Unies
Conferencia de las Organizaciones no Gubernamentales
con estatuto consultivo conjunto del Consejo Economico
y Social de las Naciones Unidas
~~\....ci)ll ~I ..,..u ~Jl.!.:....)l1 ~I ..:..1) ~Pl
'~I r'~ -t'~)1~
J!-
":"~I
j:r
New York, Geneva
COR UNUM
COR UNUM
COR UNUM
Coordination of Roman Catholic Relief Agencies
Coordination des agences de secours catholique romaines
Coordinacion de los organismos catolicos roman os de
socorro
Vatican
~;15::J1 ~I ":"\:\Sct ..:..)1\5) ~ J:-:.:.l1
CPR
RCP
RCP
Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation
Reanimation cardiopulmonaire [cardiorespiratoire]
Reanimacion cardiopulmonar [cardiorrespiratoria]
~y)1 ~I ';W':II
CRED
CRED
CRED
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters
Centre de Recherche de I'Epidemiologie des Desastres
Centro de Investigaciones sobre Epidemiologia de
Desastres
":"JI,SJI ..:..l:S~J ":"~:?r
Brussels
CRS
CRS
CRS
Catholic Relief Services
Services de Secours Catholique
Servicios del Socorro Cat6lico
~;15::J1 <:\Sc)'1 ..:..t....l>103
New York, Geneva
CSB
CSB
CSB
Corn-soya blend
Melange mai's-soja
Mezcla maiz-soya
~~~ o)JJI ~
CSM
CSM
CSM
Corn-soya-milk
Melange mals-soja-Iait
Mezcla maiz-soya-Ieche
.j.U~ ~~~ o)JJI ~
CUSO
SUCO
CUSO
Canadian Universities Services Overseas
Service Universitaire Canadien Outre-mer
Servicio Universitario Canadiense en Ultramar
)~I '~J II ,-!..oJ1 ~~I ..;.,\.....wl
CW
GC
GQ
Ottawa
Chemical warfare (or weapon)
Guerre chimique
Guerra quimica
•• L....S
4:' ••
'-:'.;>
DAN IDA
DAN IDA
DANIDA
Danish International Development Agency
Agence danoise de developpement international
Organismo Danes de Desarrollo Internacional
(I~I~) ~JJJI ~ ~)IJJI 4)1.))1
Copenhagen
DBS
DBS
DBS
Direct broadcast satellite
Satellite de radiodiffusion directe
SateJite de radiodifusi6n directa
or-I.:--
~I~l
JL..
DOD
DOD
DOD
Direct distance dialling
Automatique interurbain
Selecci6n automatica interurbana
.)..ul ~ <i\...j) ";1.,-
DOW
DOW
DDW
German Church Service
Service des eglises allemandes
Das Diakonische Werk
~ll\ll ..,..Jl:.5J1 ";"\"'..1>
DFCM
DFCM
DFCM
Dried full cream milk
Lait entier en poudre
Leche entera en polvo
JJI
1.1.)
.~..r
DP
~
.
·.1
~
Displaced persons
104
Stuttgart
DP
PD
Personnes deplacees
Personas desplazadas
J.»j~
DSM
DSM
DSM
Dried skimmed milk
Lait ecreme en poudre
Leche descremada en polvo
~)~.:r.J
DWM
DWM
DWM
Dried whole milk
Lait en tier en poudre
Leche entera en polvo
~J-lS"'.:r.J
ECA
CEA
CEPA
Economic Commission for Africa
Commission Economique pour l' Afrique
Comision Economica para Africa
~)'J ~)L..ci'11 ~1
Addis Abeba (ONU/UN)
ECE
CEE
CEPE
Economic Commission for Europe
Commission Economique pour I'Europe
Comision Economica para Europa
Lm'J ~)L..ci'11 ~1
New York, Geneva (ONU/UN)
ECLA
CEPAL
CEPAL
Economic Commission for Latin America
Commission Economique pour l' Amerique Latine
Comision Economica para America Latina
~"jj1 ~/'J ~)L..ci'11 ~1
Santiago (ONU/UN)
ECOSOC
ECOSOC
ECOSOC
Economic and Social Council of the United Nations
Conseil Economique et Social des Nations Unies
Consejo Economico y Social de las Naciones Unidas
cr~'1~ ,pL..ci'11 ~1
New York (ONU/UN)
ECU
UCE (ECU)
UCE (ECU)
European Currency Unit
Unite de Compte Europeenne
Unidad de Cuenta Europea
~J)J'11
,-:",L.J..1 o..l>J
ECWA
CEAO
CEPAO
Economic Commission for Western Asia
Commission Economique pour l' Asie Occidentale
Comision Economica para Asia Occidental
\:-1 .,r.~ ~)L..ci'11 ~1
Bagdad (ONU/UN)
EEC
CEE
European Economic Commission
Commission Economique Europeenne
105
CEE
Comision Economica Europea
..r.,JJJ'J1 I$JL.a:i')'1 JIi,),1
(Common Market) Brussels
EFTA
AELE
AELC
European Free Trade Association
Association Europeenne de Libre Echange
Asociacion Europea de Libre Cambio
.)-1
EMMIR
EMMIR
EMMIR
')"~.:jJ "-:.JJJ~I ~I
French emergency military medical assistance
Element Medical Militaire d'Intervention Rapide
Elemento medico militar de intervencion nipida
C;.r'1
EMP
EMP
EMP
Geneva
J>-..clI
~Pl ~I .::...\..JhJI
Paris
Electromagnetic pulse
Impulsion electromagnetique
Impulso electromagnetico
~....s-~
EMRO
EMRO
EMRO
Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
Bureau regional de la Mediterranee Orientale
Oficina Regional para el Mediternineo Oriental
J.....,:il.r-JI JrJ ~'11 ~I
Alexandria (OMS/WHO)
EMS
SAMU
SAMU
Emergency Medical Services
Service d'Aide Medicale d'Urgence
Servicio de ayuda medica de urgencia
~I .$JI}olI .::...\..~
Paris
EPI
EPI
PAl
Expanded Programme on Immunization
Programme Elargi de Vaccination
Programa Ampliado de Inmunizacion
~ t""}1 ~~.;JI
Geneva (OMS/WHO)
ESCAP
CESAP
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
Commission Economique et Sociale pour I'Asie et "Ie
Pacifique
Comision Economica y Social para Asia y el Pacifico
I$J\..I.I ¥~ l:--'; ~\;>-')'~ ~JL...ci')'1 WI
Bangkok (ONU fUN)
CESAP
ETA
ETA
ETA
Expected time of arrival
Date d'arrivee estimee ou prevue
Fecha de llegada prevista
~rLl J.,....jl -:....iJ
ETD
Expected time of departure
106
ETD
ETD
Date de depart estimee ou prevue
Fecha de salida prevista
~?I ')~WI ..:...iJ
EURO
EURO
EURO
Regional Office for Europe
Bureau Regional de l'Europe
Oficina Regional para Europa
Copenhagen (OMS/WHO)
<..j"'.J)J'11 ~~I ~I
FAO
FAO
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization
Organisation pour I'Alimentation et l'Agriculture
Organizacion de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura
y la Alimentacion
Rome (ONU/NU)
FAS
FAS
FAS
Free alongside ship
Franco long du bord
Franco al costado del buque
~r:ll ~)I ~
FFHCfAFD
CMCF/AFD
CMCH/AFD
FOB
FAB
FAB
Freedom From Hunger Campaign / Action For Development
Campagne Mondiale Contre la Faim / Action pour Ie
Developpement
Campana Mundial Contra el Hambre / Accion para el
Desarrollo
~I j>:-i .:r JwJI / i f l .:r )~I ~
Rome (F AO)
Free on board
Franco a bord
Franco a bordo
~)I
FPC
FPC
FPC
rL'
H'
~
rL' -
,-;,j
Fish protein powder concentrate
Concentre de proteine de poisson
Concentrado de proteina de pescado
j')1 !.l1.c-'11 ~JJ'. ~y.
GARP
GARP
GARP
Global Atmosphere Research Programme
Programme de Recherches sur I'Atmosphere Globale
Programa de Investigacion Global de la Atmosfera
~)'11 ).-1 , f .:...~i ~~J'.
GATT
GATT
GATT
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Accord General sur les Tarifs Douaniers et Ie Commerce
Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio
107
GATT
GMDS
GMDS
GMDS
;).,:•.:l~ ¥;J..I -=..~~I ,:,'~ iWI ";lA;~1
GOES
Geneva (ONU fUN)
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
Systeme mondial de detresse et de securite en mer
Sistema mundial de socorro y seguridad maritimos
...-:II
GOES
GOES
4s-r.
J .... ')U~
~l;..:.....')Il JWI illa:.ll
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
Satellite d'exploitation geostationnaire pour I'etude du
milieu
Satelite geostacionario operacional para el estudio del
medio ambiente
~ I ..... ~~ -=..l:1--J ..}oj ")\.! ~ 4 .:,A.:-- J;L..
GOS
GOS
GOS
Global Observing System
Systeme d'observation mondial
Sistema mundial de observacion
J4:)l
ilk;
GSO
GSO
GSO
Geostationary Satellite Orbit
Orbite des satellites geostationnaires
Orbita de los sateIites geostacionarios
..}oj")\.! ;.,.....J4 ;;.:..... Ji~ )...1.0
HCR
Cf. UNHCR
HELP
HELP
HELP
Health Emergencies in Large Populations
Aide aux populations en situations d'urgence
Ayuda a la poblacion en situaciones de urgencia
J\s.
.$JI#I -=..)ll>
J ,:,l5:...J1 ;J.&.L..,...
Geneva
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Virus immunodeficitaire humain (HIV)
Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV)
I,>.r-:JI 1/l:l1 j.,J1 ..rJJ!
IAEA
AIEA
OlEA
International Atomic Energy Agency
Agence lnternationale de I'Energie Atomique
Organismo Internacional de Energia Atomica
'-:Jlli ~llal.I <:JJ.JJI ~\5')1
Vienna (ONU/UN)
lATA
lATA
lATA
International Air Transport Association
Association de Transport Aerien International
Asociacion de Transporte Aereo lnternacional
1,>";"1 JA.ll <:JJ.JJI ~I
Montreal, Geneva
VIH
VIH
108
IBRD
BIRD
BIRF
Internation Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Banque Internationale pour la Reconstruction et Ie Developpement
Banco Internacional de Reconstrucci6n y Fomento
.r.-:l~ .L:.;:>U JJ.J.l1 .!..I::l1 Washington (World Bank, Banque
Mondiale, Banco Mundial)
ICAO
OACI
OACI
International Civil Aviation Organization
Organisation de l'Aviation Civile Internationale
Organizaci6n de Aviaci6n Civil Internacional
J..ul .)i.r.J.all 4:Jj~1 W2.:.l1
UN - Montreal
ICDO
OIPC
OIPC
International Civil Defence Organization
Organisation Internationale de Protection Civile
Organizaci6n Internacional de Protecci6n Civil
ICJ
CIJ
CIJ
ICM
CIM
CIM
i.)·..ul
t li..UI
International Court of Justice
Cour Internationale de Justice
Corte Internacional de Justicia
4:JJ .J.l1 J..wl ~
CICM
ICSM
ICSM
ICSM
WI
IDA
IDA
Geneva
International Catholic Migration Commission
Commission Internationale Catholique pour les Migrations
Comisi6n Internacional Cat6lica para las Migraci6nes
.~ 4:JJ .J.l1 ~;ts::J1 WI
Geneva
Instant corn-soya-milk
Melange instantane mai's-soja-Iait
Mezcla maiz-soya-Ieche
~~ ~.r-J~ .)..\.11 .y I.?)}
ICRC
CICR
CICR
The Hague
Intergovernmental Committee for Migration
Comite Intergouvernemental pour les Migrations
Comite Intergubernamental para las Migraci6nes
.~ 4:JJ .J.l1
ICMC
CICM
Geneva
~.'J.J.l1 W2.:.l1
.la:l>-
International Committee of the Red Cross
Comite International de la Croix-Rouge
Comite Internacional de la Cruz Roja
.r>\II ~ 4:JJ .J.l1 WI
International Development Association
Association Internationale de Developpement
109
Geneva
IDA
Asociaci6n Internacional para el Desarrollo
~
IEC
CEI
CEI
4J..u1 ~I
Washington
International Electrotechnical Commission
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
Comisi6n Electrotecnica Internacional
Geneva
~RJI ~ 4J..u1 ~I
IFAD
FIDA
FIDA
International Fund for Agricultural Development
Fonds International de Developpement Agricole
Fondo Internacional de Desarrollo Agricola
Rome
~~)I ~ JJ..u1 JJ~I
IFMSA
IFMSA
IFMSA
International Federation of Medical Students' Associations
Federation Internationale des Associations d'Etudiants
en Medecine
Federaci6n Internacional de Asociaciones de Estudiantes
de Medicina
Vienna
ILO
OIT
OIT
International Labour Organization
Organisation Internationale du Travail
Organizaci6n Internacional del Trabajo
4J..u1 J-JI wa:...
Geneva (ONUjUN)
IMF
FMI
FMI
International Monetary Fund
Fonds Monetaire International
Fondo Monetario Internacional
JJ..u1 -l4:J1
Washington
JJ~
IMO
OMI
OMI
International Maritime Organization
Organisation Maritime Internationale
Organizaci6n Maritima Internacional
4J..u1 ~.J.I <...1.:.1.1
London (ONUjUN)
IMPATT
IMPATT
IMPATT
Impact avalanche transit time
Temps de transmission de I'impact d'avalanche
Tiempo de transmision del impacto de avalancha
1$) l:r)l 1 r~1..A:.lJ ).".JI .j'j
IMSAR
IMSAR
IMSAR
International Maritime Search and Rescue Plan
Plan international des operations de recherche et de sauvetages maritimes
Plan internacional de operaciones de busqueda y salvamento en el mar
~rJl ')l.4;)'~ ~I .:..l;J....! 4J..u1 .\bJ1
110
IPI
lIP
lIP
International Press Institute
Institut International de la Presse
Instituto Internacional de la Prensa
Zurich
<,ib...,....UJJ...uI¥1
IPPNW
IPPNW
IPPNW
IRC
IRC
IRC
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear
War
Medecins Internationaux pour la Prevention de la Guerre
Nucleaire
Medicos Internacionales para la Prevencion de la Guerra
Nuclear
~J.fll ,-:,)-1 .j' ~lj)1 ~i .j' .~~ 4:-b...u1 ~I)I
Boston and Moscow
International Rescue Committee
Comite International de Secours
Comite Internacional de Socorro
0t:l&.')IJ~J...uI~1
New York
ISIS
ISIS
ISIS
International Satellite for Ionospheric Studies
Satellite international d'etudes de l'ionosphere
Satetite internacional de estudios de la ionosfera
~.r.-4--Y.Y.'11 0L..GJ.lI Jj; JL..
ISO
ISO
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
Organisation Internationale de Normalisation
Organizacion Internacional de Normalizacion
-?l:-4l 1 -I:>P
~J...ul 4....k:J.1
Geneva
ITU
UIT
UIT
International Telecommunication Union
Union Internationale des Telecommunications
Union Internacional de Telecomunicaciones
0'jL,..;')IJ JJ...u1 ~~I
Geneva (ONU/UN)
KERMA
KERMA
KERMA
Kinetic Energy Released in Matter
Intensite du champ de rayonnement ionisant
Energia cinetica liberada en materia
L..r.S'
LDC
PMA
PMA
Least developed countries
Pays les moins avances
Paises menos avanzados
y
LICROSS
Ji\'1
.JI~I
Cf. LRCS
III
LRCS (LICROSS)
LSCR (LICROSS)
LSCR (LICROSS)
LWR
LWR
LWR
League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Ligue des Societes de la Croix-Rouge et du CroissantRouge
Liga de Sociedades de la Cruz Roja y de la Media Luna
Roja
r> \II J~~ r> \II ~I .::.,.~ ~G
Geneva
Lutheran World Relief
Secours mondial lutherien
Socorro Mundial Luterano
4,))li
LWS
LWS
LWS
4
New York
Lutheran World Service
Service mondial lutherien
Servicio Mundial Luterano
4,))11
MAROTS
MAROTS
MAROTS
~WI .::.,.t:~\'1
~WI
Geneva
.::.,.\....b.]1
Maritime orbital test satellite
Satellite maritime d'essais orbitaux
Satelite maritimo de pruebas orbitales
4,):.w1 '::"'Gl,.:>-~ .$~
JL...
MCH
SMI
SMN
Mother and child health
Sante maternelle et infantile
Salud de la madre y el nino
J.4kl~ r\ll ~
MDS
MDS
MDS
Maritime Distress and Safety System
Systeme de detresse et de securite en mer
Sistema de socorro y seguridad maritimos
4-")\...j~ ":\A:...~ ",P.I
rlla.:J 1
METEOSAT
METEOSAT
METEOSAT
Meteorological satellite, Europe
Satellite meteorologique, Europe
SateJite meteorol6gico europeo
4,';"1 ~L.» ~ '..S"'-J)J\II. ifUI .,...All
MIRV
MIRV
Multiple Independently targetable Re-entry Vehicle
Corps de rentree a tetes multiples independamment guidees
Misil para llevar varias ojivas
MIRV
'-"'Jj) I '~...u.;.. ~..ii
MSA
PGT
Most seriously affected countries
Pays les plus gravement touches
112
PGA
Paises mas gravemente afectados
1)'1; ..l.!.\l1 <;I~I
MSF
Medecins Sans Frontieres
Paris
~J..l.>~ .~i
NGO
ONG
ONG
Non-Governmental Organization
Organisation Non-Gouvernementale
Organizacion no gubernamental
,=-,PI .#-
NORAD
NORAD
NORAD
Norwegian Agency for Development
Agence Norvegienne pour Ie Developpement
Organismo Noruego de Desarrollo Internacional
4:lJ..J1
NWC
CNP
CNP
..;:.,1Ja:.I.1
National WHO Programme Coordinator
Coordonnateur National des Programmes OMS
Coordinador Nacional de los Programas OMS
4:J.WI ;,......,.JI
OAS
OEA
ORA
~UA
~UA
WO;.. ~W ~}I
J-li
Organization of American States
Organisation des Etats Americains
Organizacion de los Estados Americanos
~r\ll JJ..JI
OAU
Oslo
~ ~J;JI .;Jl5'}1
WO;..
Organization of African Unity
Organisation de I'Unite Africaine
Organizacion de la Unidad Africana
;.;;.,.)\11 o..l.>}1 WO;..
ODA
ODA
ODA
OCDE
OCDE
OFDA
OFDA
Addis Abeba
Overseas Development Authority
Agence de Deveioppement Outre-mer
Organismo de Desarrollo en Ultramar
J~I '~J~ ~I .;JlSJ
OECD
Washington
London
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Organisation de Cooperation et de Developpement Economiques
Organizacion de Cooperacion y Desarrollo Economicos
i,?~W~1 <;1-':11 J ~~ <;J\...;)I WO;..
Paris
Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance
Bureau d'assistance en cas de catastrophe outre-mer
113
OFDA
Oficina de Asistencia a Desastres en el Extranjero
"'!")~I .;.Nl>- J ~)l.iJi ..:.> l..ls WI ~
AID, Washington
OPEC
OPEP
OPEP
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
Organisation des Pays Exportateurs de Petro Ie
Organizacion de Paises Exportadores de Petroleo
..l.A:ll ii)...l.A11
ORSEC
ORSEC
ORSEC
.:,IJJ.,JI 4...l2;... -
.!..l)
Vienna
Disaster relief organization, France
Organisation de Secours en cas de Catastrophes
Organizacion de los socorros en caso de catastrofe
"'!")~I ..:.>\!\S.t 4...l2;...
Paris
OSRO
OSRO
OSRO
Office of Special Relief Operations
Bureau des Operations Speciales de Secours
Oficina de Operaciones Especiales de Socorro
4...ol.iJi ~\S. ';1 ..:.>l:-W ~
Rome (F AO)
OXFAM
OXFAM
OXFAM
Oxford Committee for Famine
Comite d'Oxford contre la Faim
Comite de Oxford contra el Hambre
wtS:l ~).,;..-si ~
if'
Oxford
PAHO
OPS
OPS
Pan American Health Organization
Organisation Panamericaine de la Sante
Organizacion Panamericana de la Salud
~f''11 ':'I..ll,.ll ~I 4...l2;...
Washington (OMS/WHO)
PASB
BSP
OSP
Pan American Sanitary Bureau
Bureau Sanitaire Panamericain
Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana
~f''11 ':'I..ll,.ll ~I ~I
Washington (OMS/WHO)
PCM
MPC
MPC
Protein-calorie malnutrition
Malnutrition proteinocalorique
Malnutricion proteinocal6rica
..:.>'t--l~ ~J~L ~..wl 'J-"
PEM
MPE
MPE
Protein-energy malnutrition
Malnutrition proteinoenergetique
Malnutricion proteinoenergetica
;j11J~ ~J~L ~..wl 'J-"
Res Rep
Res Rep
Resident Representative (UNDP)
Representant resident (PNUD)
114
Res Rep
Representante Residente (PNUD)
~I
SALT
SALT
SALT
J:..-li
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
Traite de limitation des armes strategiques
Tratado de limitacion de las armas estrategicas
~1;""')l1 .;"..L':/1 -I:~ o..u.Lv
SAR
SAR
SAR
Search and rescue
Recherches et sauvetage
Busqueda y salvamento
~\A;)'~ ~I
SARSAT-COPAS
SARSAT-COPAS
SARSAT-COPAS
Search and rescue satellite
Satellite de recherche et de sauvetage
Satelite de busqueda y salvamento
~\A;)'~ ~
SCF
SCF
SCF
JL....
Save the Children Fund
Fonds pour I'enfance
Fondo para la Infancia
JlA1':/1 ;':~l JJ~
London
SOl
Strategic defense initiative ("star wars")
Initiative de defense strategique ("guerre des etoiles")
Iniciativa de defensa estrategica
~I;""')'I tlO..u1 o)~l,.
Washington
SEARO
SEARO
SEARO
Regional Office for South-East Asia
Bureau Regional de I'Asie du Sud-Est
Oficina Regional para Asia Sudoriental
1.:--1 J';' ~.4 ~)'I ~I
Delhi (OMS/WHO)
SFB
SFB
SFB
Soya-fortified bulghur
Boulghour enrichi de soja
Bulgur fortificado con soya
IDS
IDE
~.,....JL j.i'-'
SFCM
SFCM
SFCM
Soya-fortified cornmeal
Mai's enrichi de soja
Maiz fortificado con soya
~.,....JL
SFP
SFP
,y.J.
oj.i'-' o)~ ~J
Supplementary feeding programme
Programme d'alimentation complementaire
115
SFP
SFSG
SFSG
SFSG
= Programa de alimentacion complementaria
.u.s:::J1
......wl t:' \;CI.
..
Soya-fortified sorghum grits
Gruaux de sorgo enrichis de soja
Papilla de sorgo enriquecida con soya
..:...l::-:>-
~~L oj~1 o.;jJl
SIDA
SIDA
SIDA
Swedish International Development Authority
Autorite Suedoise de Deve\oppement International
Organismo Sueco de Desarrollo Internacional
'-:lJ...u1 ~ ": ~y-ll ~I
SITREP
SITREP
SITREP
SOLAS
SOLAS
SOLAS
Situation report
Rapport de situation
Informe sobre la situacion
'.Jl>
•.
.J'../-'
International Conference for the Safety of Life at Sea
Convention internationale pour la sauvegarde de la vie
humaine en mer
Convenio internacional para la seguridad de la vida
humana en el mar
.rJ1
SONAR
SONAR
SONAR
Stockholm
J ":.rJ 1 oLf-1
":~ '-:lJ...u1 ~\..ii)ll
Sound, Navigation and Ranging
Systeme de navigation et de telemetrie par echos sonores
Sistema de navegacion y alcance por sondeo
.;\;r-
SOS
SOS
SOS
Emergency call (Save Our Souls)
Secours urgents demandes
L1amada de socorro
(LJ.lA;I) <;L;.:..I .1...;
START
START
START
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
Traite de reduction des armes strategiques
Tratado de reduccion de las armas estrategicas
~1;"')l1 i....L\II
STD
MTS
ETS
0» iA..
Sexually transmitted disease
Maladie transmise par voie sexuelle
Enfermedades de transmision sexual
4
SWISSAID
fo
J~./f
Swiss association for Aid to developing countries (SDR)
116
SWISSAID
SWISSAID
Cooperation au developpement et aide humanitaire suisse
(ASC)
Cooperacion Suiza para el Desarrollo y la Ayuda Humanitaria (CSS)
~L:JI JI-ll:J1 .~U ~r..,...J1 ~I
Bern
TCDC
CTPD
CTPD
Technical cooperation among developing countries
Cooperation technique entre pays en developpement
Cooperacion tecnica entre paises en desarrollo
~L:JI JI..u.J1 ~ ~I JJ\...:l1
TIR
TIR
TIR
International road transport
Transport International Routier
Transporte Internacional por Carretera
JJ..u1 ,-,pJl jAJl
TMI
TMI
TMI
Three Mile Island, in the US
Three Mile Island, aux EU
Three Mile Island, en los EEUU
•..b.:!.1 u~ )1)~ ~i
UN
ONU
ONU
HABITAT/CNUAH
UNCTAD
CNUCED
CNUCED
<S)
United Nations Organization
Organisation des Nations Unies
Organizacion de las Naciones Unidas
•..b.:!.1
UNCHS/HABIT AT
HABIT AT /CNUEH
J-L.
r \II 4
United Nations Centre for Human Settlements
Centre des Nations Unies pour les Etablissements
Humains
Centro de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos
Humanos
~.r:J1 ul:.1.,:-l~ Jr-iJ •..b.:!.1 r\ll:?/
Nairobi (ONU/UN)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Conference des Nations Unies sur Ie Commerce et Ie
Developpement
Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y
Desarrollo
(~L:5:;J)1I) ~~ '.J~ ..b.:!.1 r\ll j;..
Geneva
•
UNDP
PNUD
PNUD
United Nations Development Programme
Programme des Nations Unies pour Ie Developpement
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo
Jli)ll •..b.:!.1 \II ~~.1.
New York
UNDRO
Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator
r
117
UNDRO
UNDRO
Bureau du Coordonnateur des Secours en cas de Catastrophe
Oficina del Coordinador de las Naciones Unidas para el
Socorro en casos de Desastre
":"},>JI ~
..l>..:il r'll ~ ~
Geneva (ONU/UN)
..:.,ru •
UNEP
PNUE
PNUMA
United Nations Environment Programme
Programme des Nations Unies pour l'Environnement
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio
Ambiente
Nairobi
UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Organisation des Nations Unies pour I'education, la
Science et la Culture
Organizaci6n de las Naciones Unidas para la Educaci6n,
la Ciencia y la Cultura
~r.ll) 4.ilA!J~ r~ ~;.u •..l>..:il r'll <...k;....
Paris
UNESCO
UNESCO
UNFPA
UNFPA
FNUAP
UNHCR
HCR
ACNUR
United Nations Fund for Population Activities
Fonds des Nations Unies pour Jes activites en matiere de
population
Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para Actividades en Materia de Poblaci6n
j~ • ..l>..:il r'll J)~
London
United Nations High Commission (or Commissioner) for
Refugees
Haut Commissariat (ou Commissaire) des Nations Unies
pour les Refugies
Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados
~')UI
j)j..!J • ..l>..:il
r'll ~.,....
Geneva (ONU/UN)
UNICEF
UNICEF, FISE
UNICEF
United Nations Children's Fund
Fonds des Nations Unies pour I'Enfance
Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia
'-l~1 "\&.) •..l>..:il r'll ,---y
New York, Geneva
UNIDO
ONUDI
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
Organisation des Nations Unies pour Ie Deve\oppement
Industriel
Organizaci6n de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo
Industrial
ONUDI
118
UNIDO
Vienna
UNIFIL
FINUL
UNIFIL
United Nations Interim Forces in Lebanon
Forces Interimaires des Nations Unies au Liban
Fuerza Interina de las Naciones Unidas en el Libano
Beirut
.jU oj Q.;J.I • ..I>..:!.I ('""'il .::..-;
UNIPAC
UNIPAC
UNIPAC
UNICEF Packing and Assembly Centre
Centre d'assemblage de I'UNICEF
Centro de Embalaje y Montaje del UNICEF
~~ ij)l ~r.ll ?/
Copenhagen
UNITAR
UNITAR
United Nations Institute for Training and Research
Institut des Nations Unies pour la Formation et la
Recherche
Instituto de Formaci6n Profesional e Investigaciones de
las Naciones Unidas
New York
UNITAR
UNRWA
UNRWA
OOPS
UNSCEAR
CSNUERA
CCNUEERA
UP
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine
Refugees
Office des Secours et de Travaux des Nations Unies pour
les RHugies de Palestine dans Ie Proche-Orient
Organismo de Obras Ptiblicas y Socorro a los Refugiados
de Palestina en el Cercano Oriente
(~j'll) J~'il JrJl J ..:.,~I ..:.,~J'JI ?J ":"'jJ ;..I>..:!.I ('"""1 1 ;,)\5)
Vienna
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of
Atomic Radiation
Comite Scientifique des Nations Unies sur les Effets des
Radiations Atomiques
Comite Cientifico de las Naciones Unidas para el Estudio
de los Efectos de las Radiaciones At6micas
.,,».l!1 t.~';:~1 J\!'1 ~I • ..I>..:!.I ('"""1 1 .>:..+United Press
..r'..1. ..l.;..i.:Y.
UPI
United Press International
4.:JJ .JJ1 ..r'..1. ~y.
USAID
VOLAG
Cf. AID
4.}J .JJ1 ~ •...1>.:11
.::..-~'l)1
Voluntary agency
119
;,)\5)
VOLAG
VOLAG
Agence volontaire
Organismo benefico
~}aJ1
WAEDM
AMMUC
AMMUC
WCC
COE
CEI
<ll5)
World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine
Association Mondiale pour la Medecine d'Urgence et des
Catastrophes
Asociacion Mundial de Medicina de Urgencia y de Catastrofes
~)I.,5J~ .$)1,kJ1 -.,..hI ':lJ..u1 ~I
World Council of Churches
Conseil (Ecumenique des Eglises
Consejo Ecumenico de las Iglesias
Geneva
~t:S:u JWI ~I
WFC
CMA
CMA
World Food Council
Conseil Mondial de I' Alimentation
Consejo M undial de la Alimentacion
Rome
JWI .I-WI ~
WFP
PAM
PMA
World Food Programme
Programme Alimentaire Mondial
Programa Mundial de Alimentos
Rome (ONU/UN)
JWI .I-WI ~L.I.
WHO
OMS
OMS
World Health Organization
Organisation Mondiale de la Sante
Organizacion Mundial de la Salud
~j:AJ1 ~ <:J.WI 4...I.d1
Geneva (ONU/UN)
WMO
OMM
OMM
World Meteorological Organization
Organisation Meteorologique Mondiale
Organizacion Meteorologica Mundial
~}.-I ~L...)~ <:J.WI 4...I.d1
Geneva (ONU/UN)
WPC
CPO
CPO
WHO Programme Coordinator
Coordinateur des Programmes OMS
Coordinador de program as de la OMS
4..lWI~I~
_
WPRO
WPRO
WPRO
1 c...-'
-·
~.I.
Regional Office for the Western Pacific
Bureau Regional du Pacifique Occidental
Oficina Regional para el Pacifico Occidental
,.pl41 ¥ I '-:'/- ~'11 ~I
Manila (OMS/WHO)
120
WSB
WSB
WSB
Wheat-soya blend
Melange froment-soja
Mezcla trigo-soya
-Ii
.r-OJ
~
WSM
WSM
WSM
WWF
WWF
WWF
WWW
VMM
VMM
0:
_~4J1
c-
.
~
Wheat-soya-milk
Melange froment-soja-Iait
Mezcla trigo-soya-Ieche
..;JJI, ~.,....JI, ~I .k}>
World Wide Fund for Nature
Fonds Mondial pour la Nature
Fondo Mundial para la Naturaleza
........wJ
., JWI '-'J·..\.:....4l1
Gland CH .
World Weather Watch
Veille Meteorologique Mondiale
Vigilancia Meteorol6gica M undial
~';"I ~~)~ ~~ d~
121
Geneva (OMM/WMO)
SECTION II: FRAN<;AIS
Dictionnaire M ultilingue de Medecine
des Catastrophes et des Secours Internationaux
par S. W.A. GUNN
Section fran9aise en collaboration avec
HUBERT JOLY
Secretaire-general, Conseil International de la Langue Franraise
PREMIERE PARTIE
Dictionnaire fran9ais-anglais
DEUXIEME PARTIE
Unites de mesure
TROISIEME PARTIE
Sigles et abreviations
PREMIERE PARTIE
Dictionnaire fran(:ais-anglais
A
Aberration genetique (Genetic aberration)
Aborigene (Aborigine)
Acaricide (Acaricide, miticide)
Acclimatation (Acclimatization)
Accoutumance (Habituation)
Acculturation (Acculturation)
Accumulation (Accumulation)
Activite nucleaire (Nuclear activity, activity)
Adaptation (Adaptation)
Additif alimentaire (Food additive)
Affretement (Chartering, freighting)
Agence benevole (Voluntary agency)
Agence Internationale de I'Energie Atomique (International A tomic Energy
Agency)
Agent de sante communautaire (Community health worker)
Agglomeration urbaine (Conurbation)
Agressivite (Aggressiveness)
Aide alimentaire (Food aid)
Aide internationale (International assistance)
Air tropical (Tropical air)
Aire de generation de houle (Wave-generating area)
Aliment (Food)
Aliment de base (Staple food)
Aliment de protection (Protective food)
Aliment enrichi (Fortified food, enriched
food)
Aliment traditionnel (Conventional food)
Alize (Trade wind)
Allaitement artificiel (Artificial feeding)
Allergene (Allergen)
Allergie (Allergy)
Alluvion (A lluvium)
Alteration de I'environnement (Environmental change)
Amenagement du terntOlre (Resource
planning and development)
Amenagement rural (Rural development)
Amibiase (Amoebiasis, amebiasis)
Amplitude d'une onde de maree (Amplitude tidal range, tidal range)
Analyse cout-avantage (Cost-benefit analysis)
Analyse cout-efficacite (Cost-effectiveness
analysis)
Anemie (Anaemia, anemia)
Animisme (Animism)
Ankylostomiase (Anchylostomiasis, hookworm)
Anthrax (Anthrax)
Anticorps (Antibody)
Anticyclone (Anticyclone, high pressure
area)
Anticyclone continental (Continental anticyclone)
Anticyclone semi-permanent (Semi-permanent anticyclone)
Anticyclone subtropical (Subtropical anticyclone)
Antigene (Antigen)
Appel (Appeaf)
Approvisionnements (Supplies)
Aquaculture (Aquiculture)
Archipel (Archipelago)
Ariboflavinose (Ariboflavinosis, vitamin
B2 deficiency)
Aride (Arid)
Aridite (Aridity)
Ascaridiase (Ascariasis)
Asile (Asylum)
Asile diplomatique (Diplomatic asylum)
Asile territorial (Territorial asylum)
Assainissement (Sanitation, sanitary improvement)
Assimilation (Absorption, assimilation)
125
Assistance a la vie (Life support)
Assistance c~ntre les catastrophes (Disaster assistance)
Assistance technique (Technical assistance)
Association Mondiale de Medecine
d'Urgence et de Catastrophes (World
Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine)
Assolement (Crop rotation)
Atelier (de formation) (Workshop (educational)
Athrepsie (Athrepsia, marasmus)
Atmosphere (Atmosphere)
Atoll (Atoll)
Atome (Atom)
Attenuation (Attenuation, mitigation)
Attenuation des degats (Damage mitigation, disaster mitigation)
Avalanche (A valanche)
Avarie (Average)
Avis de coup de vent (Gale warning)
Avis de cyclone (Cyclone warning)
Avis de tempete (Storm warning)
Avis de typhon (Typhoon warning)
Avis d'ouragan (Hurricane warning)
B
Bacille Cal mette-Guerin (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, BCG)
Bacilles coliformes (Coliform bacilli)
Bactericide (Bactericide)
Balayage (Scavenging)
Banquise (Barrier, ice pack)
Barrage (Dam)
Bartonellose (Bartonellosis, Oroya fever,
verruga)
Bassin d'alimentation (Drainage basin,
catchment basin)
Bassin fluvial (River basin)
Bassin hydrologique (Hydrological basin,
catchment area)
Bassin versant (Watershed)
BCG (BCG, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin)
Beneficiaire (Beneficiary)
Beriberi (Beri-beri, vitamin BI deficiency)
Besoins (Needs, requirements)
Besoins energetiques (Energy requirements)
Besoins nutritionnels (Nutritional requirements)
Bidonville (Shanty town, slum)
Bien-etre (Well-being)
Bilan energetique (Enfrgy assessment)
Bilharziose (Bilharzia, schistosomiasis)
Biogeographie (Biogeography)
Biomasse (Biomass, standing crop)
Biosphere (Biosphere)
Blennoragie (Gonorrhoea)
Blesse de guerre ( War wounded)
Blizzard (Blizzard)
Boisement (Afforestation, reforestation)
Bombe-A (A-bomb, atomic bomb)
Bombe a fission (Fission bomb)
Bombe fusion (Fusion bomb)
Bombe a hydrogene (Hydrogen bomb)
Bombe atomique (Atomic bomb)
Bombe-H (H-bomb, hydrogen bomb)
Bombe thermonucleaire (Thermonuclear
bomb)
Botulisme (Botulism, food poisoning)
Boule de feu (Fireball)
BouJghour (Bulghur)
Boulghour enrichi de soja (Soyajortijied
bulghur)
Brucellose (Brucellosis)
Bureau du Coordonnateur des Nations
Unies pour les Secours en cas de
Catastrophe (Office of the United
Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator,
UNDRO)
a
126
c
Cachexie nutritionnelle (Nutritional cachexia. nutritional marasmus)
Cancerogene (Cancerogenic. carcinogenic)
Captage (Harnessing. water harnessing)
Carcinogene (Carcinogenic. cancerogenic)
Carence nutritionelle (Nutritional deficiency)
Carte de risques (Risk map)
Carte hydrogeologique (Hydrogeological
map)
Carte meteorologique (Weather map)
Cas-contact (Contact case)
Cas mortels (Fatality. mortality)
Cassave (Cassava. manioc)
Cas suspect (Suspect (case))
Catastrophe (Disaster. catastrophe)
Catastrophe a evolution lente (Creeping
disaster. slow onset disaster)
Catastrophe dil a l'homme (Man-made
disaster)
Catastrophe naturelle (Natural disaster)
Catastrophe technologique (Technological disaster)
Catastrophe toxicologique (Toxicological disaster)
Categorie sociale (Social group)
Cecite des rivieres (River blindness. onchocerciasis)
Cellule d'habitation (Family (household)
unit)
Cendre (Ash)
Centre d'acheminement (Processing
centre)
Centre d'acheminement des refugies (Refugee processing centre)
Centre de brules (Burns centre)
Centre de Recherche sur I'Epidemiologie
des Desastres (Centre for Research on
the Epidemiology of Disasters)
Centre de transit (Transit centre)
Centre Europeen pour la Medecine des
Catastrophes (European Centre for
Disaster Medicine)
Chaine de froid (Cold chain)
Chaland (Lighter)
Charbon (Anthrax)
Charte-partie (Charter-party)
Champignon (Mushroom cloud)
Chimioprophylaxie (Chemoprophylaxis)
Chlorofluorocarbones (Chlorofluorocarbons. CFC)
Cholera (Cholera)
Chromosome (Chromosome)
Chute de cendres (Ash fall)
Ciguatera (Ciguatera)
Climat (Climate)
Climat continental (Continental climate)
Climat de montagne (Mountain climate)
Climat de mousson (Monsoon climate)
Climat equatorial (Equatorial climate)
Climat maritime (Maritime climate)
Climatographie (Climatography)
Climatologie (Climatology)
Climat tropical (Tropical climate)
Coccidioldomycose (Coccidioidomycosis)
Coefficient de la maree (Coefficient of
tide)
Cohorte (Cohort)
Collecte de fonds (Fund raising)
Comite International de la Croix-Rouge
(International Committee of the Red
Cross. JCRC)
Commission des Communautes Europi:ennes (Commission of European Communities)
Communaute (Community)
Communaute intemationale (International
community)
Complexe industriel (Industrial complex)
Comportement social (Social behaviour)
Concentration au niveau du sol (Concentration at ground level. Ground level
concen tration)
Concentration demographique (Demographic concentration. Population concentration)
127
Concentration maximale admissible
(Maximum acceptable concentration)
Concentration maxima Ie admissible d'un
radionucU:ide (Radionuclide maximum
acceptable concentration)
Concentre de proteine de poisson (Fish
protein concentrate)
Conditionnement (Conditioning)
Conference pour les annonces de contributions (Pledging conference. donors'
meeting)
Conflagration (Conflagration)
Conflit arme (Armed conflict. military
conflict)
Conseil de l'Europe (Council of Europe)
Conseil fficumenique des Eglises (World
Council of Churches)
Contamination (Contamination)
Contamination radioactive (Radioactive
contamination)
Conteneur (Container)
Conventions de Geneve (Geneva Conventions)
Cooperant (Representative. expert)
Cooperation bilaterale (Bilateral cooperation)
Cooperation technique (Technical cooperation)
Cooperation technique entre pays en
developpement (Technical cooperation
among developing countries)
Coqueluche (Whooping cough. pertussis)
Corate (Commodity rate. concessionary
rate)
Coulee boueuse (Earth flow. mudslide)
Coulee de cendres (Ash flow)
Coulee de lave (Lava flow)
Coulee incandescente (Glowing avalanche)
Coup de vent (Gale)
Cout-avantage (Cost-benefit)
Cratere (Crater)
Crete anticyclonique (High pressure ridge)
Croissance arithmetique (Arithmetic
growth)
Croissance exponentielle (Exponential
growth)
Croissant-rouge (Red Crescent)
Croix-rouge (Red Cross)
Crue (Swell)
Crue eclair (Flash flood)
Cyclone (Cyclone)
Cyclone extra tropical (Non-tropical cyclone)
Cyclone tropical (Tropical cyclone. cyclone. hurricane. typhoon)
Cysticercose (Cysticercosis. tapeworm infection)
D
Deboisement (Deforestation)
Deforestation (Deforestation)
Debordement (Overflow)
Declaration de desastre (Declaration of
disaster)
Decontamination radioactive (Radioactive decontamination)
Deflation (Deflation)
Defoliant (Defoliant) .
Degradation du sol (Soil erosion)
Degre d'adaptabilite (Degree of adaptability)
Delegue (Delegate. representative)
Delta (Delta)
Demande d'assistance en cas de catastrophe (Request for disaster assistance)
Demographie (Demography)
Dengue (Dengue)
Dengue hemorragique (Dengue haem orrhagic fever)
128
Dioxine (Dioxin)
Diphterie (Diphtheria)
Dome d'extrusion (Protrusive dome)
Dommages collateraux (Collateral damage)
Don (Donation)
Donateur (Donor)
Donation (Contribution, donation, aid)
Dorsale oceaniq ue (Oceanic ridge, submarine ridge)
Dorsale sous-marine (Sub-marine ridge,
ridge)
Dose (Dose)
Dose absorbee (Absorbed dose)
Dose collective (Collective dose)
Dose letha Ie 50 (Lethal dose 50, LD-50)
Dose maxima Ie admissible (Maximum
acceptable dose)
Dose retenue (Retained dose)
Dourra (Durra, black millet)
Drainage (Drainage)
Droit de la mer (Law of the sea)
Droit international humanitaire (International humanitarian law)
Dune (Dune)
Duree de residence (Residence time)
Dynamique des populations (Population
dynamics)
Dysenterie (Dysentery)
Dysenterie bacillaire (Bacillary dysentery,
shigellosis)
Denree alimentaire (FoodstufJ)
Densite de population (Population density)
Denudation (Denudation, stripping)
Denutrition (Undernutrition, malnutrition)
Depart organise (Orderly departure)
Depeuplement (Depopulation)
Depopulation (Depopulation)
Depot (Stockpile)
Depression (Depression, non-tropical cyclone)
Depression centrale (Central depression)
Depression equatoriale (Equatorial depression)
Depression tropicale (Tropical depression)
Derive (Drift)
Desastre (Disaster, catastrophe)
Desert (Desert)
Desertification (Desertification)
Deshydratation (Dehydration)
Desinfectant (Disinfectant)
Desinfection (Disinfection)
Desinfestation (Disinfestation, disinsection)
Developpement (Development)
Developpement economique (Economic
development)
Developpement humain (Human development)
Deversement (Overspill, spill)
Diarrhee (Diarrhoea)
Dietetique (Dietetics)
Digue (Dyke)
E
Eau de boisson (Drinking water, potable
water)
Eau potable (Potable water, drinking
water)
Eaux de surface (Surface water)
Eaux usees (Waste water)
Eboulement (Rock slide, landslide)
Echelle de Beaufort (Beaufort scale)
Echelle de Douglas (Douglas scale)
Echelle de Forel (Forel scale)
Echelle de Mercalli (Mercalli scale)
Echelle de Richter (Richter scale)
Echinococcose (Echinococcosis, hydatid
disease)
Echinococcose hydatique (Hydatid disease, echinococcosis)
Ecologie (Ecology)
Economic rurale (Rural economy)
129
Environnement (Environment)
Envoi (Consignment)
Epicentre (Epicentre)
Epicentre sismique (Seismic epicentre)
Epidemie (Epidemic)
Epidemiologie (Epidemiology)
Equilibre biologique (Biological equili-
Ecosysteme (Ecosystem)
Education sanitaire (Health education)
Elfet cumulatif (Cumulative effect)
Elfet de serre (Glasshouse effect. greenhouse phenomenon)
Elfet fratricide lFratricide effect)
Effluent (Effluent)
Electron (Electron)
Element nutritif (Nutrient)
Elements a risque (Elements at risk)
EI nino (El nino)
Emaciation (Emaciation. wasting)
Emigre (Emigrant)
Emigration (Emigration)
Encephalite (Encephalitis)
Endemie (Endemicity)
Energie nucIeaire (Nuclear energy)
Enfant non accompagne (Unaccompanied
brium)
Equipe de secours (Disaster team)
Equipements collectifs (Communal facilities)
Erosion (Erosion)
Erosion anthropique (Anthropic erosion)
Erosion continentale (Continental erosion)
Erosion eolienne (Wind erosion. aeolian
erosion)
Eruption (Eruption)
Eruption volcanique (Volcanic eruption)
Esperance de vie (Life expectancy)
Etablissement humain (Human settlement)
Etat de la mer (Sea conditions)
Ethnie (Ethnic group)
Etude de vulnerabilite (Vulnerability
minor. unaccompanied child)
En pont (Deck cargo)
Enquete de consommation alimentaire
(Food consumption survey)
Enquete socioeconomique (Socio-eco-
study)
nomic survey)
Evacuation (Evacuation)
Evacue (Evacuee)
Evaluation (Assessment. evaluation)
Evaluation des degats (Damage asses-
Enquete sur les menages (Household survey)
Enrichissement des aliments (Food enrichment. food fortification)
Entrainement par les precipitations (Rain-
sment)
Exode (Exodus)
Expert (Expert)
out. wash-out)
Entrepot (Warehouse)
F
Facteur de densite (Density factor)
Faille transformante (Sliding fault. trans-
national Federation of Medical Students' Associations)
form fault)
Fievre de Lassa (Lassa fever)
Faim (Hunger)
Fievre des Montagnes Rocheuses (Rocky
Famine (Famine)
Mountain spotted fever)
Farine de mai's enrichie de soja (Soya- Fievre jaune (Yellow fever)
fortified cornmeal. SFCM)
Fievre Q (Q fever)
Federation Internationale des Associa- Fievre typhoi'de (Typhoid fever. typhoid)
tions d'Etudiants' en Medecine (Inter- Filariose (Filariasis)
130
Force du vent (Wind force)
Force genera trice de la maree (Tide-generating force)
Foule (Crowd)
Fracture (Fracture zone)
Frappe antiforce (Counterforce attack)
Frappe contre-valeurs (Counter-value
attack)
Frequence globale (Global frequency)
Fumigation (Fumigation)
Fission (Fission (nuclear)
Flot (Rising tide. flood tide)
Fluoration (Fluoridation)
Flux (Rising tide. flood tide)
Fond (Sea bed. seafloor)
Fonds des Nations Unies pour l'Enfanee (United Nations Childrens' Fund.
UNICEF)
Fongicide (Fungicide)
Force (Force)
G
Goitre (Goitre. goiter)
Gra tte (Ciguatera)
Groupage (Consolidation)
Groupe vulnerable (Vulnerable group)
Gruaux de sorgo enrichis de soja (Soyafortified sorgum grits. SFSG)
Guerre biologique (Biological warfare.
Gale (Scabies. the itch)
Gaspillage (Wastage)
Gel (Frost)
Gelee (Frost)
Genetique (Genetics)
Genie sanitaire (Sanitary engineering)
Geodesie (Geodetics)
Geomorphologie (Geomorphology)
Gestion des ressources naturelles (Natural resource management)
Glissement de terrain (Landslide. rock
slide)
BW)
Guerre chimique (Chemical warfare. CW)
Guerre nucleaire (Nuclear war. atomic
war)
H
Habitat (Habitat)
Habitat (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements)
Habitation (Dwelling)
Habitation collective (Communal dwelling)
Habitudes alimentaires (Food habits)
Harasse (Crate)
Haut Commissaire des Nations Unies
pour les Refugies (United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees. UNHCR.
HCR)
Haute mer (High seas. open sea)
Hebergement (Housing. sheltering)
131
Hepatite (Hepatitis)
Hepatite infectieuse (Infectious hepatitis)
Hepatite virale (A et B) (Viral hepatitis
(A and B))
Hepatite virale serique (Serum hepatitis)
Herbicide (Herbicide)
Hiver nucleaire (Nuclear winter)
Houle (Wave. surge)
Houle (vague) sismique (Seismic sea wave)
Humanitaire (Humanitarian)
Hydatidose (Hydatidosis. hydatid disease)
Hydrographie (Hydrography)
Hydrologie (Hydrology)
Hydrosphere ( Hydrosphere)
Hygiene (Hygiene)
Hygiene alimentaire (Food hygiene)
Hygiene de I'environnement (Environmental hygiene)
Hygiene des denrc~es alimentaires (Food
safety)
Hygiene du milieu (Environmental health)
Hypocentre (Hypocentre, ground zero)
Hypovitaminose (Hypovitaminosis, vitamin deficiency)
Hypovitaminose A (Vitamin A deficiency,
hypovitaminosis A)
Hypovitaminose C (Vitamin C deficiency,
scurvy)
Hypovitaminose D (Vitamin D deficiency,
rickets)
I
Ictere (Jaundice)
Ignifuge (Fireproof)
Immigre (Immigrant)
Immigration (Immigration)
Immigre c1andestin (Illegal immigrant)
Immunisation (Immunization)
Immunodeficience (Immunodeficiency, immunological deficit)
Implantation (Settlement, siting)
Impulsion electromagnetique (Electromagnetic pulse, EMP)
Inanition (Starvation)
Incendie geant (Superfire)
Incidence (Incidence)
Indicateur de risque (Risk indicator)
Indicateurs de I'alimentation (Food availability indicators)
Indicateurs de I'alimentation et de la
nutrition (Food and nutrition indicators)
Indicateurs de I'etat nutritionnel (Nutritional state indicators)
Indicateurs nutritionnels (Nutrition indicators)
Indicateurs sociaux (Social indicators)
Infection (Infection)
Infection aigue des voies respiratoires
(Acute respiratory disease)
Infestation (Infestation)
Inondation (Flood)
Insecticide (Insecticide)
Integration (Integration)
Intensite seismique (Intensity (seismic))
Intertidal (lntertida£)
Intoxication alimentaire (Food poisoning)
Inversion de temperature (Temperature
inversion)
Ion (Ion)
Ionisation des aliments (Food ionization)
Ionosphere (lpnosphere)
Irrigation (Irrigation)
Isotherme (Isotherm)
Isotope (Isotope)
J
Jaunisse (Jaundice, icterus)
Jettison (Jettison)
K
Kala-azar (Kala-azar, visceral leishmaniasis)
Kerma (Kerma)
Kilotonne (Kiloton, kt)
Kwashiorkor (Kwashiorkor)
132
L
Lahar (Lahar)
Lait ecreme en poudre (Skimmed milk
powder. DSM)
Lait entier en poudre (Dried full-cream
milk. dried whole milk)
Lame de fond (Ground swell)
Latitude (Latitude)
LD-50 (LD50. lethal dose 50)
Legislation des catastrophes (Disaster
legislation)
Leishmaniose (Leishmaniasis)
Leishmaniose viscerale (Visceral leismaniasis. kala-azar)
Leptospirose (Leptospirosis. infectious
jaundice)
Lessivage (Lixivation)
Ligue des Societes de la Croix-rouge et
du Croissant-rouge (League of Red
Cross and Red Crescent Societies)
Littoral (Littoral. coast)
Logistique (Logistics)
Loi sur les desastres (Disaster Act. disaster law)
Longitude geographique (Geographic longitude. longitude. terrestrial longitude)
Lutte antiparasitaire (Pest control)
M
Magma (Magma)
Magnitude (seismique) (Magnitude (of
earthquake) )
Maladie de carence (Deficiency disease.
deficiency syndrome)
Maladie de Chagas (Chagas' disease.
sleeping sickness)
Maladie du sommeil (African trypanosomiasis. sleeping Sickness)
Maladie endemique (Endemic disease)
Maladie infectieuse (Infectious disease)
Maladie transmissible (Communicable
disease)
Maladie venerienne (Venereal disease.
VD. STD)
Maladies diarrheiques (Diarrhoeal diseases)
Maladies intestinales (EnteriC diseases.
intestinal diseases)
Maladies parasitaires (Parasitic diseases)
Maladies transmises par voie sexuelle
(Sexually transmitted diseases. STD)
Malnutrition (Malnutrition)
Malnutrition proteinocalorique (Proteincalorie malnutrition. Protein-energy
malnutrition)
133
Manifeste (Mani/est)
Manioc (Manioc. cassava)
Marais maritime (Tideland. tidal wetland)
Marasme nutritionnel (Nutritional marasmus. nutritional cachexia. athrepsy)
Maree (Tide)
Maree noire (Black tide. oil slick)
Marginalite (Marginality)
Medecine des catastrophes (Disaster medicine)
Medecine militaire (Military medicine)
Medecins Internationaux pour la Prevention de la Guerre Nucleaire (International Physicians for the Prevention of
Nuclear War. IPPNW)
Megatonne (Megaton. Mt)
Melange alimentaire (Food mixture)
Melange froment-soja (Wheat-soya blend.
WSB)
Melange froment-soja-lait (Wheat-soyamilk. WSM)
Melange instantane maOis-soja-lait (Instant corn-soya-milk. ICSM)
Melange K-2 (K-2 mix)
Melange mals-soja (Corn-soya blend.
CSB)
Melange mals-soja-lait (Corn-soya-milk,
CSM)
Menage (Household, household unit)
Meningite cerebrospinale (Cerebrospinal
meningitis)
Metabolisme basal (Basal metabolic rate,
BMR)
Meteorologie (Meteorology)
Meteosat (Meteosat)
Migrant (Migrant)
Migration (Migration)
Milieu (Environment)
Minorites (Minorities)
MIRV (MIRV)
Mobilite de la population (Population
mobility)
Mode d'alimentation (Food pattern)
Modifications climatiques (Climatic control)
Molluscicide (Molluscicide)
Morbidite (Morbidity)
Mortalite (Mortality, death, lethality)
Motivation (Motivation)
Mousson (Monsoon)
Mousson d'ete (Summer monsoon)
Mousson d'hiver (Winter monsoon)
Multisectorielle (Multisectoral, interdisciplinary)
N
Nations Unies (United Nations, UN)
Necessaire medical d'urgence (Emergency
health kit)
Nematocide (Nematocide)
Nephanalyse (Nephanalysis)
Nino (El nino)
Niveau de la mer (Sea level)
Niveau de vie (Standard of living)
Nomade (Nomad)
Nuee ardente (Nuee ardente, glowing
clowd)
Nuee retombante (Falling clowd)
Nutrition (Nutrition)
o
Objectif (Objective)
Oceanique (Oceanic)
Oceanologie (Oceanology)
Office de Secours et de Travaux des
Nations Unies pour les Refugies de
Palestine dans Ie Proche Orient (United
Nations Relief and Works Agency for
Palestine Refugees, UNRWA)
Oligoelements (Trace elements)
Onchocercose (Onchocerciasis, river blindness)
Onde de choc (Shock wave)
Onde de tempete (Storm surge)
Option zero (Zero (Jption)
Orage (Thunderstorm)
134
Orage d'advection (Advective thunderstorm)
Orage de convection (Convective thunderstorm)
Orage de front froid (Cold front thunderstorm)
Orage de masse d'air (Air mass thunderstorm)
Orage frontal (Frontal thunderstorm)
Orage magnetique (Magnetic storm)
Organisation benevole (Voluntary organization, voluntary agency)
Organisation des loisirs (Organization of
activities, organization of leisure)
Organisation des Nations Unies pour
Organisation non-gouvernementale (Nongovernmental organization. NGO)
Organisation pour I' Alimentation et
I'Agricuiture (Food and Agriculture
Organization, FA 0)
Otage (Hostage)
Ouragan (Hurricane)
Ovicide (Ovicide)
Oxyologie (Oxyology. emergency medical services)
Ozone (Ozone)
I'Education, la Science et la Culture
(United Nations Educational. Scientific
and Cultural Organization. UNESCO)
Organisation donatrice (Donor agency)
Organisation Internationale de Protection Civile (International Civil Defence
Organization. ICDO)
Organisation Meteorologique Mondiale
( World Meteorological Organization.
WMO)
Organisation Mondiale de la Sante
(World Health Organization. WHO)
p
Paludisme (Malaria)
Panique (Panic)
Paragraphe (Paragrapher)
Pathogene (Pathogen(ic))
Pathogenicite (Pathogenicity)
Pathologie (Pathology)
Patient (Patient)
Pays d'asile (Country of asylum)
Pays de premier asile (Country of first
asylum)
Pays de second asile (Country of second
asylum)
Pediculose (Pediculosis. louse infestation)
Pellagre (Pellagra. hypovitaminosis PP)
Penurie alimentaire (Food shortage)
Peri ode de contagion (Communicable period. contagious period)
Periode d'incubation (Incubation period)
Periode effective (Effective life)
Periode radioactive (Radioactive half-life.
half-life)
Personne deplacee (Displaced person. DP)
Peste (Plague. black death. bubonic plague)
Pesticide (Pesticide)
Peuplement (Population)
Pian (Pinta. yaws)
Piraterie (Piracy)
Piraterie aerienne (Hijacking)
Plan (Plan)
Plan d'urgence (Contingency plan. emergency plan)
Plate-forme continentale (Continental
shelf)
Pluie acide (Acid rain)
Pluie cyclonique (Cyclonic rain)
Pluviometrie (Pluviometry. rainfall amount)
Point zero (Ground zero, hypocentre)
Poliomyelite (Poliomyelitis. infantile paralysis)
Polluant (Pollutant)
Pollution (Pollution)
Pollution atmospherique (Air pollution.
atmospheric pollution)
Pollution aux hydrocarbures (Oil pollution)
Pollution transfrontieres (Transboundary
pollution)
Porteur (Carrier)
Pouvoir d'achat (Purchasing power)
Precipitation (Precipitation. fall)
Prediction de la maree (Tide forecast.
tide prediction)
Premiers secours (First aid)
Prenatal (Antenatal)
Preparation (Preparedness)
Preparation contre les catastrophes (Disaster preparedness)
135
Pression atmospherique (Atmospheric pressure)
Prevalence (Prevalence)
Prevention (Prevention)
Prevention des catastrophes (Disaster prevention)
Prevision climatologique (Climatological
forecast)
Prevision des degats (Damage forecast)
Prevision hydrologique (River forecast)
Prevision meteorologique (Forecast, weather forecast)
Prevision du temps (Weather forecast)
Principe de non-refoulement (Principle
of non-refoulement)
Prisonnier (Prisoner)
Prisonnier de guerre (Prisoner of war)
Productivite (Productivity)
Produit national brut (Gross national
product, GNP)
Profil littoral (Shore profile)
Programme Alimentaire Mondial (World
Food Programme, WFP)
Programme d'alimentation complementaire (Supplementary feeding programme)
Programme des Nations Unies pour Ie
Developpement (United Nations Development Programme, UNDP)
Programme des Nations Unies pour I'Environnement (United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP)
Programme Elargi de Vaccination (Expanded Programme on Immunization,
EPI)
Protection civile (Civil defence, civil protection)
Protection internationale (International
protection)
Protection des rHugies (Protection of
refugees)
Proteine (Protein)
Proton (Proton)
Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas)
Pyramide des ages (Age profile)
Q
Quarantaine (Quarantine)
R
Rachitisme (Rickets, vitamin D deficiency)
Radioactivite (Radioactivity, activity)
Radioastronomie (Radioastronomy)
Radiolesion (Radiation injury)
Radionucleide (Radionuclide)
Radioprotection (Radiation protection)
Radiotoxicite (Radiation toxicity)
Rafale (Squall, gust)
Rage (Rabies)
Rapatriement (Repatriation)
Rapatriement librel11ent consenti (Voluntary repatriation)
Rapport GLA WARS (GLA WARS Commission Report)
Rapport WHOPAX (WHOPAX Report)
Ration alimentaire (Ration, food ration)
Ravitaillement d'urgence (Emergency
feeding)
Rayonnement cosmique (Cosmic radiation)
Rayonnements ionisants (Ionizing radiation)
Rayons gamma (Gamma rays)
136
Regime (Diet)
Region sahelienne (Sahelian region. Sahel)
Regions tropicales (Tropical zones)
Rehabilitation (Rehabilitation)
Rehydratation orale (Oral rehydration)
Reservoir d'infection (Reservoir of infection)
Resistance aux medicaments (Drug resistance)
Ressources alimentaires (Food resources)
Ressources en matiere de communications (Communications resources)
Ressources naturelles (Natural resources)
Ressources sanitaires (Health resources)
Retombees (Fallout. radioactive fallout)
Retombees nucleaires (Nuclear fallout.
fallout)
Retourne (Returnee)
Retrait (Ebb. recession)
Rickettsiose (Rickettsial fever. rickettsiosis)
Risque (Hazard. risk)
Risque naturel (Natural hazard)
Rodenticide (Rodenticide)
Rougeole (Measles)
Rouleau (Roller)
Raz de man~e (Tidal wave)
Reacteuf (Reactor. nuclear power station)
Reaction nucleaire (Nuclear reaction)
Reamenagement (Redevelopment)
Reanimation cardio-pulmonaire (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. CPR. emergency intensive care. critical care)
Reboisement (Reforestation)
Receveur (Donee. beneficiary. recipient)
Reconstruction (Reconstruction. rehabilitation)
Refoulement (Refoulement. expulsion)
RHrigeration des aliments (Food refrigl
ration)
RHugie (Refugee)
RHugie de facto (De facto refugee)
RHugie de jure (De jure refugee)
RHugie de la Convention (Convention
refugee)
RHugie reconnu (Recognized refugee)
RHugie relevant du Mandat (Mandate
refugee)
RHugie relevant du Protocole (Protocol
refugee)
RHugie stat uta ire (Statutory refugee)
RHugie sur place (Refugee sur place)
s
Sahel (Sahel)
Saison (Season)
Saison de mousson (Monsoon season)
Saison des pluies (Rainy season)
Saison seche (Dry season)
Salmonellose (Salmonellosis)
Sante (Health)
Sante publique (Public health)
Satellite (Satellite. artificial satellite)
Sauvetage (Rescue)
Savanne (Savannah)
Schistosomiase (Schistosomiasis. bilharzia)
Scorbut (Scurvy. vitamin C deficiency)
Secheresse (Drought)
Secours (Relief)
Secours alimentaire (Food relief)
Secours d'urgence (Emergency relief)
Securite en mer (Safety at sea)
Seisme (Earthquake)
Sels de rehydratation orale (Oral rehydration salts. ORS)
Semaphore (Semaphore)
Service d' Aide Medicale d'Urgence,
SAMU (Emergency Medical Service.
EMS)
Services (Services)
137
Seveso (Seveso)
SIDA (AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome)
Sinistre (Disaster victim)
Sismographe (Seismograph)
Sismoscope (Seismoscope)
Societe (Society)
Soins de sante primaires (Primary health
care, PRC)
Sol (Soil)
Solfatare (Solfatara)
Solute de Lugol (Lugol's iodine, Lugol's
solution)
Sondage sismique (Seismic sounding)
Sonde (Probe)
Sonde spatiale (Space probe)
Sorgho (Sorgum)
Source (Spring, source)
Source d'infection (Source of infection)
Sousalimentation (Undernutrition, malnutrition)
Souverainete (Sovereignty)
Station mobile terrestre (Mobile land station)
Station spatiale (Space station)
Station terrienne (Earth station)
Sterilisation (Sterilization)
Stratosphere (Stratosphere)
Stratovolcan (Strato-volcano)
Stratus (Stratus cloud)
Stress (Stress)
Sujet vulnerable (Vulnerable person. susceptible case)
Suralimentation (Rypernutrition. overnutrition)
Surestaries (Demurrage)
Surpression (Overpressure)
Surveillance continue (Surveillance. monitoring)
Surveillance des maladies (Disease surveillance. surveillance. disease monitoring)
Syndrome immunodeficitaire acquis (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,
AIDS)
Synergisme (Synergism)
Syphilis (Syphilis)
T
Tabou alimentaire (Food taboo)
Taenia (Tapeworm. taenia)
Taeniase (Taeniasis. tapeworm infection)
Tarif preferentiel (Concessionary rate.
commodity rate)
Taro (taro)
Taudis (Slum dwelling. shanty town.
slum)
Taux de morbidite (Morbidity rate)
Taux de mortalite (Mortality rate, death
rate)
Taux de natalite (Birth rate)
Tchernobil (Chernobyl)
Technologie alternative (Alternative technology)
Technologie appropriee (Appropriate
technology)
Telecommunica tion (Telecommunication)
Telemetrie (Telemetry)
Telesondage (Remote sounding)
Telesondage ionosphhique (Ionospheric
sounding)
TeIesondage meteorologique (Meteorological sounding)
Tempete (Storm)
Tempete de feu (Firestorm)
Tempete givrante (Ice storm)
Tempete tropicale (Tropical storm)
Temps universel Greenwich (Greenwich
mean time. GMn
Tephras (Tephra)
Tetanos (Tetanus)
Thermographe (Thermograph)
Three Mile Island (Three Mile Island.
TMl)
TNT (TNT. trinitrotoluene)
138
Topographie (Topography)
Tornade (Tornado, twister)
Torture (Torture)
Tourbillon (Whirlwind, twister)
Tourbillon de poussiere (Dust devil, dust
whirl)
Tourbillon de sable (Sand whirl, dust
whirl)
Toxicologie (Toxicology)
Toxine (Toxin)
Trachome (Trachoma)
Transfert de technologie (Technology
transfer)
Transmission de maladie (Disease transmission)
Transmission d'infection (Transmission
of infection, disease transmission)
Tremblement de terre (Earthquake)
Triage (Triage)
Trinitrotoluene (Trinitrotoluene, TND
Trombe de poussiere (Dust bowl)
Trou d'ozone (Ozone depletion, ozone
hole)
Trypanosomiase (Trypanosomiasis, sleeping sickness)
Tsunami (Tsunami)
Tuberculose (Tuberculosis)
Typhoi"de (Typhoid fever, typhoid)
Typhon (Typhoon)
Typhus (Typhus)
Typhus a tiques (Tick-borne typhus)
Typhus exanthematique (Typhus exanthematicus)
u
cations (International Telecommunication Union, lTV)
Unite alimentaire (Eating unit)
UNRWA (UNRWA, United Nations
Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees)
Urbanisation (Urbanization)
Urgence (Emergency)
UNORO (UNDRO, Office of the United
NationS Disaster Relief Co-ordinator)
UNESCO (UNESCO, United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization)
UNICEF (UNICEF, United Nations
Children's Fund)
Union Internationale des TelecommuniV
Vaccin (Vaccine)
Vaccin anticholerique (Cholera vaccine)
Vaccination (Vaccination, immunization)
Vague oceanique (Ocean wave)
Variole (Smallpox)
VO (VD, venereal disease)
Vecteur (Vector)
Veille Meteorologique Mondiale (World
Weather Watch, WWW)
Vent (Wind)
Vend d'affiux (Onshore wind)
Vent de reflux (Offshore wind)
Virulicide (Virucide)
Virus (Virus)
Virus VIH (HIV virus, human immunodeficiency virus)
Volcan (Volcano)
Vortex (Vortex)
Vulnerabilite (Vulnerability)
139
XYZ
Xerophtalmie (Xerophthalmia)
Zone c1imatique (Climatic zone)
Zone semi-aride (Semi-arid zone)
Zoonose (Zoonosis)
140
OEUXIEME PARTIE
Unites de mesure
a (are) - a (are)
are (a) - are (a)
Beaufort - Beaufort
becquerel (Bq) - becquerel (Bq)
Bq (becquerel) - Bq (becquerel)
°C (degre celsius) - DC (degree celsius)
cal. (calorie) - cal. (calorie)
calorie (cal.) - calorie (cal.)
celsius (0C) - celsius (DC)
centigrade - centigrade
~entimetre (cm) - centimetre (cm)
cm (centimetre) - cm (centimetre)
cm 2 (centimetre carre) - cm 2 (square
centimetre)
cm 3 (centimetre cube) - cm 3 (cubic centimetre)
cwt (hundredweight) - cwt (hundredweight)
degre celsius (0C) - degree celsius (DC)
degre fahrenheit (OF) - degree fahrenheit
(OF)
dose letha Ie 50 (LO-50) - lethal dose 50
(LD-50)
Douglas - Douglas
echelle de maree - tidal scale
of (fahrenheit) - F (fahrenheit)
g (gramme) - g (gramme, gram)
gal. (gallon) - gal. (gallon)
gallon (gal.) - gallon (gal.)
gallon americain (US gal.) - US gallon
(US gal.)
gallon imperial (imp. gal.) - imperial
gallon (imp. gal.)
GMT (temps moyen de Greenwich) GMT (Greenwich mean time)
gramme (g) - gramme, gram (g)
gray (Gy) - gray (Gy)
h (heure) - h (hour)
ha (hectare) - ha (hectare)
hectare (ha) - hectare (ha)
heure (h) - hour (h)
0
hundredweight (cwt) - hundredweight
( cwt)
in (pouce) - in (inch)
J (joule) - J (joule)
jauge brute - gross tonnage
jauge nette - net weight
joule (J) - joule (J)
K (kelvin) - K (kelvin)
kcal (kilocalorie) - kcal (kilocalorie)
kelvin (K) - kelvin (K)
kerma - kerma
kg (kilogramme) - kg (kilogramme)
kilocalorie (kcal) - kilocalorie (kcal)
kilogramme (kg) - kilogramme, kilogram
(kg)
kilometre (km) - kilometre, kilometer
(km)
kilotonne (kt) - kiloton (kt)
kilowatt (kW) - kilowatt (kW)
km (kilometre) - km (kilometre, kilometer)
kt (kilo tonne) - kt (kiloton)
kW (kilowatt) - kW (kilowatt)
I (litre) -I (litre, liter)
Ib (livre) - lb (pound)
LO-50 (dose lethale 50) - LD-50 (lethal
dose 50)
litre (I) - litre, liter (I)
m (metre) - m (metre, meter)
m 2 (metre carre) - m 2 (square metre)
m 3 (metre cube) - m 3 (cubic metre)
megatonne (Mt) - megaton (Mt)
megawatt (MW) - megawatt (MW)
Mercalli - MercaUi
metre (m) - metre, meter (m)
metre carre (m2) - square metre (m2)
metre cube (m 3 ) - cubic metre (m 3 )
mg (milligramme) - mg (milligramme,
milligram)
mille (ou mile) - mile
mille marin - nautical mile
141
milliard - billion. USA .. thousand million. GB
milligramme (mg) - milligramme. milligram (mg)
million (10 6 ) - million (10 6 )
Mt (megatonne) - Mt (megaton)
MW (megawatt) - MW (megawatt)
N (newton) - N (newton)
newton (N) - newton (N)
nreud - knot
Pa (pascal) - Pa (pascal)
pascal (Pa) - pascal (Pa)
pied - foot (ft)
PNB (produit national brut)- GNP
(gross national product)
pouce - inch (in)
produit national brut (PNB) - gross
national product (GNP)
q (quintal) - q (metric quintal)
quintal (q) - metric quintal (q)
rad - rad
Richter - Richter
roentgen - roentgen
s (seconde) - s (second)
seconde (s) - second (s)
t (tonne) - mt (metric ton)
TMG (voir GMT) - GMT
TJB (tonneau de jauge) - RT (register
ton)
tonnage brut - gross tonnage (GRT)
tonnage de registre - register tonnage
(NRT)
tonnage net - net register tonnage (NRT)
tonne (t) - tonne. metric ton (mt)
tonne (t) - ton (t)
tonneau de jauge (TJB) - register ton
(RT)
tonne courte - short ton
tonne longue - long ton
W (watt) - W (watt)
watt (W) - watt (W)
142
TROISIEME PARTIE
Sigles et abreviations
ABM (MAB) - ABM
ACDI - CIDA
AELE - EFTA
AEROSAT - AEROSAT
AFP - AFP
AFRO - AFRO
AGFUND - AGFUND
AID (USAID) - USAID (AID)
AIEA -IAEA
AMRO-AMRO
AMSAT - AMSAT
ANASE - ASEAN
AP-AP
ASAP - ASAP
ASC (SWISSAID) - SDR
ATA - ATA
ATD - ATD
BAlD - ADB
BAsD - AsDB
BCG - BCG
BENELUX - BENELUX
BIRD (BM -IBRD (WB)
BIT -fLO
BSP - PASB
CAF - CAF
CAF - CIF
CAFOD - CAFOD
CARE - CARE
CARICOM - CARICOM
CCE - CEC
CCIA - CCIA
CE- CE
CEA - ECA
CEAO - ECWA
CEE - EEC
CEI-IEC
CEMEC - CEMEC
CEPAL - ECLA
CESAP - ESCAP
CESEAR - CICARWS
CFC - CFC
CI - CI
CIAB (ICV A) - ICVA
CICR -ICRC
CIJ -IC]
CILSS - CILSS
CIM -ICM
CMA - WFC
CMCF (AFD) - FFHC (AFD)
CMEA - CMEA
CNP-NWC
CNUCED - UNCTAD
CNUEH (HABITAT) - UNCHS
COD- COD
COE- WCC
COMECON (CMEA)-COMECON
CONGO - CONGO
COR UNUM - COR UNUM
CPO - WPC
CRED - CRED
CRS - CRS
CSB - CSB
CSM - CSM
CSNUERA - UNSCEAR
CTPD - TCDC
DANIDA - DANIDA
DBS - DBS
DDD-DDD
DDW-DDW
DFCM -DFCM
DP (PD) - DP
DSM-DSM
DWM-DWM
ECOSOC - ECOSOC
ECU - ECU
EMMIR - EMMIR
EMP (IEM) - EMP
EMRO - EMRO
EPI - EPI
ETA - ETA
ETD - ETD
EURO - EURO
143
FAB - FOB
FAO - FAO
FAS - FAS
FIDA -IFAD
FINUL - UNIFIL
FISE - UNICEF
FMI -IMF
FNUAP - UNFPA
FOB - FOB
FPC - FPC
GARP- GARP
GATT- GATT
GB-BW
GC-CW
GMDS - GMDS
GMT-GMT
GOES - GOES
GOS - GOS
GSO - GSO
HABITAT (UNCHS) (UNCHS)
HCR - UNHCR. HCR
HELP- HELP
HIV (VIH) - HIV
lATA -lATA
IBRD (BIRD) - IBRD
ICSM -ICSM
ICVA -ICVA
IDA - IDA
IDS - SDI
IFMSA - IFMSA
lIP - IPI
IEM - EMP
IMO (OMI) - IMO
IMPATT -IMPATT
IMSAR - IMSAR
IPPNW -IPPNW
IRC -IRC
ISIS -ISIS
ISO -ISO
KERMA - KERM A
LICROSS (LSCR)
(LRCS)
LSCR - LRCS
LWR - LWR
LWS - LWS
HABITAT
LlCROSS
144
MAB-ABM
MAROTS - MAROTS
MB-BMR
MDS-MDS
METEOSAT - METEOSAT
MIRV - MIRV
MPC-PCM
MPE - PEM
MSF- MSF
NORAD - NORAD
OACI -ICAO
OCDE - OECD
ODA - ODA
OEA - OAS
OFDA - OFDA
OIPC -ICDO
OIT -ILO
OMI -IMO
OMM- WMO
OMS- WHO
ONG-NGO
ONU - UN
ONum - UNIDO
OPEP - OPEC
OPS - PAHO
ORSEC - ORSEC
OSP - PASB
OSRO - OSRO
OUA - OAU
OXFAM - OXFAM
PAHO (OPS) - PAHO
PAM - WFP
PGT - MSA
PMA - LDC
PNB - GNP
PNUD- UNDP
PNUE - UNEP
RCP - CPR
Res Rep - Res Rep
SALT - SALT
SAMU - EMS
SAR - SAR
SARSAT - SARSAT
SCF - SCF
SEARO - SEARO
SFB - SFB
SFCM - SFCM
SFP - SFP
SFSG - SFSG
SIDA (ASDI) - SIDA
SIDA-AIDS
SITREP - SITREP
SMI - MCH
SOLAS - SOLAS
SONAR - SONAR
SOS - SOS
START - START
SUCO - CUSO
SWISSAID (ASC) (SDR)
TIR - TJR
TMI - TMI
UIT -ITU
UNDRO - UNDRO
UNESCO - UNESCO
SWISSAID
UNFPA - UNFPA
UNHCR (HCR) - UNHCR
UNCHS (HABIT AT)
(HABITAT)
UNICEF - UNICEF
UNIPAC - UNIPAC
UNITAR - UNITAR
UNRWA - UNRWA
UP- UP
UPI - UP!
USAID - USAID, AID
VIH (HIV) - HIV
VMM- WWW
VOLAG - VOLAG
WAEDM - W AEDM
WPRO- WPRO
WSB - WSB
WSM - WSM
WWF- WWF
145
UNCHS
SECCION III: ESPANOL
Diccionario M ultilingiie de Medicina
de Catastrofes y de Socorros Internacionales
por S. W. A. GUNN
Seccion espanola con la colaboracion de
ALEJANDRO SANCHO
Traductor del sistema de las Naciones Unidas
PARTE I
Diccionario Espanol-Ingles
PARTE II
Unidades de medida
PARTE III
Siglas y abreviaturas
PARTE I
Diccionario Espano/-IngLes
A
Abastecimiento de urgencia (Emergency
feeding)
Abastos (Supplies)
Aberraci6n genetica (Genetic aberration,
chromosomal aberration)
Aborigen (Aborigine)
Absorci6n (Absorption, assimilation)
Acaricida (Acaricide, miticide)
Aclimataci6n (Acclimatization)
Actividad nuclear (Nuclear activity, activity)
Acuacultura (Aquiculture)
Aculturaci6n (Acculturation)
Acumulaci6n (Accumulation)
Adaptaci6n (Adaptation)
Aditivo alimentario (Food additive)
Adquisici6n de un habito (Habituation)
Agente de salud de la comunidad (Community health worker)
Aglomeraci6n urbana (Conurbation)
Agresividad (Aggressiveness)
Agrupaci6n (Consolidation)
Agua potable (Drinking water, potable
water)
Aguas residuales (Waste water)
Aguas de superficie (Surface water)
Aire tropical (Tropical air)
Alergeno (Allergen)
Alergia (Allergy)
Alimentacion artificial (Artificial feeding)
Alimento (Food)
Alimento de base (Staple food)
Alimento enriquecido (Fortified food,
enriched food)
Alimento protector (Protective food)
Alimento tradicional (Conventional food)
Almacen (Warehouse)
Alisios (Trade wind)
Alojamiento (Sheltering)
Alta mar (High seas, open sea)
Alteraci6n ambiental (Environmental
change)
Alto Comisionado de las Nacionas Unidas para los Refugiados (United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR, HCR)
Alud (Avalanche)
Aluvi6n (Alluvium, alluvial deposit)
Amebiasis (Amoebiasis, amoebic dysentery)
Amplitud de la marea (Tidal range,
amplitude tidal range)
Analisis de costo-beneficio (Cost-benefit
analysis)
Analisis de costo-eficacia (Cost-effectiveness analysis)
Anemia (Anaemia, anemia)
Animismo (Animism)
Anquilostomiasis (Anchylostomiasis,
hookworm infestation)
Anticuerpo (Antibody)
Anticicl6n (Anticyclone, high pressure
area)
Anticicl6n continental (Continental anticyclone)
Anticicl6n semipermanente (Semi-permanent anticyclone)
Anticicl6n subtropical (Subtropical anticyclone)
Antigeno (Antigen)
Antrax (Anthrax)
Archipelago (Archipelago)
Area generadora de oleaje (Wave-generating area)
Arido (Arid)
Aridez (Aridity)
149
Arriboflavinosis (Ariboflavinosis, vitamin
B2 deficiency)
Articulo alimentario (Foodstuff)
Ascariasis (Ascariasis)
Asentamiento (Settlement)
Asentamiento humano (Human settlement)
Asilo (Asylum)
Asilo diplomatico (Diplomatic asylum)
Asilo territorial (Territorial asylum)
Asistencia internacional (International
assistance)
Asistencia tecnica (Technical assistance,
technical cooperation)
Asociacion Mundial de Medicina de Urgencia y Desastres (World Association
for Emergency and Disaster Medicine)
Ataque contra la economia (Countervalue attack)
Ataque contra las fuerzas nucIeares
(Counterforce attack)
Atencion primaria de salud (Primary
health care, PHC)
Atenuacion (Mitigation, disaster mitigation)
Atenuacion de los dai'ios (Damage mitigation)
Atenuacion del desastre (Disaster mitigation)
Atmosfera (Atmosphere)
Atolon (Atoll)
Atomo (Atom)
Atrepsia (Athrepsia, nutritional marasmus)
Auxilio de supervivencia (Life support,
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CPR)
Averia (Average)
Aviso de ciclon (Cyclone warning)
Aviso de huracan (Hurricane warning)
Aviso de temporal (Storm warning)
Aviso de tifon (Typhoon warning)
Aviso de viento duro (Gale warning)
Ayuda (Aid, asistance)
Ayuda alimentaria (Food aid)
Ayuda en casos de catastrofe (Disaster
ass is t ance )
Ayuda internacional (International assistance)
B
Bacilo Calmette-Guerin (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, BCG)
Bacilos coliformes (Coliform bacilli)
Bactericida (Bactericide, germicide)
Balance energetico (Energy assessment)
Banco de hielo (Ice pack, pack ice, barrier)
Barrera (Dam, barrage)
Barrera de hielo (Ice pack)
Barrido (Scavenging)
Barrio de chavolas (Shanty town, slum
dwelling, slum)
Bartonelosis (Bartonellosis, Oroya fever,
verruga)
BCG (BCG, Bacillus (:almette-Guerin)
Beneficiario (Beneficiary, donee, recipient)
Beriberi (Beri-beri, vitamin B1 deficiency)
Bienestar (Well-being)
Bilharziasis (Bilharzia, schistosomiasis)
Biogeografia (Biogeography)
Biomasa (Biomass, standing crop)
Biosfera (Biosphere)
Bocio (Goitre, goiter)
Boia de fuego (Fireball)
Bomba-A (A-bomb, atomic bomb, atom
bomb)
Bomba atomica (Atomic bomb, fission
bomb)
Bomba de fision (Fission bomb, atomic
bomb)
Bomba de fusion (Fusion bomb, hydrogen bomb)
150
Botulismo (Botulism. food poisoning)
Brucelosis (Brucellosis. Malta fever)
Bulgur (Bulghur)
Bulgur enriquecido con soya (Soya-fortified bulghur)
Bomba de hidr6geno (Hydrogen bomb.
thermonuclear bomb)
Bomba-H (H-bomb. hydrogen bomb)
Bomba termonuclear (Thermonuclear
bomb,fusion bomb)
Botiquin medico de urgencia (Emergency
health kit)
C
Cadena del frio (Cold chain)
Cadena oceanica (Oceanic ridge. submarine ridge)
Captaci6n (Harnessing. water harnessing)
Caquexia (Nutritional cachexia. cachexia. marasmus)
Carcinogenico (Carcinogenic. cancerogenic)
Carcin6geno (Carcinogenic. cancerogenic)
Carencia nutricional (Nutritional deficiency. undernutrition)
Carrera de la marea (Amplitude tidal
range. tidal range)
Casos mortales (Mortality. fatality)
Caso sospechoso (Suspect case)
Catastrofe (Disaster. catastrophe)
Catastrofe de evolucion lenta (Creeping
disaster. slow onset disaster)
Catastrofe debida al hombre (Manmade disaster)
Catastrofe natural (Natural disaster)
Catastrofe tecnol6gica (Technological
disaster)
Catastrofe toxicol6gica (Toxicological
disaster)
Categoria social (Social group)
Ceniza (Ash)
Centro de clasificaci6n (Processing centre)
Centro de clasificaci6n de los refugiados
(Refugee processing centre)
Centro de Investigaci6nes sobre Epidemiologia de Desastres (Centre for Research
on the Epidemiology of Disasters.
CRED)
Centro para quemados (Burns centre)
Centro de transito (Transit centre)
Centro Europeo de Medicina de Catastrofes (European Centre for Disaster
Medicine. CEMEC)
Chavola (Slum. slum dwelling. 'favela')
Chernobil (Chernobyf)
Cicl6n (Cyclone)
Ciclon extratropical (Non-tropical cyclone.
depression)
Ciclon tropical (Tropical cyclone. willywilly)
Ciguatera (Ciguatera)
Cisticercosis (Cysticercosis. tapeworm
infection)
Clasificacion (Triage)
Clima (Climate)
Clima continental (Continental climate)
Clima ecuatorial (Equatorial climate)
Clima de montana (Mountain climate)
Clima maritimo (Maritime climate)
Clima monzonico (Monsoon climate)
Climatografia (Climatography)
Climatologia (Climatology)
Clima tropical (Tropical climate)
Clorofluorocarbonos (Chlorofluorocarbons. CFC)
Cobijo (Sheltering)
Coccidioidomicosis (Coccidioidomycosis)
Coeficiente de la marea (Coefficient of
tide)
Cohorte (Cohort)
C61era (Cholera)
151
Comision de las Comunidades Europeas
(Commission of European Communities, Common Market)
Comite Internacional de la Cruz Roja
(International Committee of the Red
Cross, [CRC)
Complejo industrial (Industrial complex)
Comportamiento social (Social behaviour)
Comunidad (Community)
Comunidad internacional (International
community)
Concentraci6n al nivel del suelo (Concentration at ground level, ground level
concentration)
Concentracion demognifica (Demographic
concentration, population concentration)
Concentrado de harina de pescado (Fish
protein concentrate)
Concentracion maxima admisible (Maximum acceptable concentration)
Concentracion maxima admisible de
radionucJidos (Radionuclide maximum
acceptable concentration)
condicionamiento (Conditioning)
Conferencia sobre compromisos de contribuciones (Pledging conference,
donors'meeting)
Conflagracion (Conflagration)
Conflicto armado (Armed conflict, military conflict)
Conflicto betico (Armed conflict, military
conflict)
Cono (Protrusive dome)
Consejo de Europa (Council of Europe,
CE)
Consejo M undial de las Iglesias (World
Council of Churches, (Ecumenical
Council)
Contacto (caso) (Contact case)
Contaminacion (Contamination, infection,
pollution)
Contaminacion atmosferica (Air pollution, atmospheric pollution)
Contaminacion por hidrocarburos (Oil
pollution)
Contaminacion radiactiva (Radioactive
contamination)
Contaminacion transfronteriza (Transboundary pollution)
Contaminante (Pollutant)
Contenedor (Container)
Contribucion (Contribution, donation)
Convenciones de Ginebra (Geneva Conventions)
Cooperacion bilateral (Bilateral cooperation)
Cooperacion tecnica (Technical cooperation, technical assistance)
Cooperacion tecnica entre paises en
desarrollo (Technical cooperation
among developing countries, TCDC)
Corriente (Earth flow, mudslide)
Corriente de ceniza (Ash flow)
Corriente de lava (Lava flow)
Corriente incandescente (Glowing avalanche)
Costa (Coast, littoral)
Corrimiento de tierras (Landslide)
Costo-beneficio (Cost-benefit)
Costumbre (Habituation)
Crater (Crater)
Cresta anticiclonica (High pressure ridge)
Crecimiento aritmetico (Arithmetic
growth)
Crecimiento exponencial (Exponential
growth)
Cromosoma (Chromosome)
Cruz Roja (Red Cross)
Cuarentena (Quarantine)
Cubertada (Deck cargo)
Cuenca captora (Catchment area, drainage basin)
Cuenca fluvial (River basin, watershed)
Cuenca hidrologica (Catchment basin,
hydrological basin)
152
D
Danos colaterales (Coilateral damage)
Declaraci6n de desastre (Declaration of
disaster)
Defensa civil (Civil defence, civil protection)
Deflaci6n (Deflation)
Delegado (Representative, delegate)
Delta (Delta)
Demografia (Demography)
Demora (Demurrage)
Dengue (Dengue, dengue haemorrhagic
fever)
Densidad de poblaci6n (Population density)
Depresi6n (Depression, non-tropical
cyclone)
Depresi6n central (Central depression)
Depresi6n ecuatorial (Equatorial depression)
Depresi6n tropical (Tropical depression)
Derecho del Mar (Law of the Sea)
Derecho humanitario intemacional (International humanitarian law)
Deriva (Drift)
Desarrollo (Development)
Desarrollo econ6mico (Economic development)
Desarrollo humano (Human development)
Desarrollo rural (Rural development)
Desastre (Disaster)
Desierto (Desert)
Desertizaci6n (Desertification)
Desbordamiento (Overflow)
Descontaminaci6n radiactiva (Radioactive decontamination)
Desfoliante (Defoliant)
Deshidrataci6n (Dehydration)
Desinfectante (Disinfectant)
Desinfecci6n (Disinfection)
Desinfestaci6n (Disinfestation, disinsection)
Desinsectaci6n (Disinsection)
Desnudaci6n (Denudation, stripping)
Desnutrici6n (Undernutrition, malnutrition)
Desperdicio (Wastage)
Despoblaci6n (Depopulation)
Despoblaci6n forestal (Deforestation)
Desprendimiento de tierras (Rock slide.
landslide)
Devoluci6n (Refoulement)
Diarrea (Diarrhoea)
Dieta (Diet)
Dietetica (Dietetics, food science)
Difteria (Diphtheria)
Dimimica de los poblaciones (Population dynamics)
Dioxina (Dioxin)
Dique (Dyke)
Disenteria (Dysentery)
Oisenteria bacilar (Bacillary dysentery)
DL-50 (LD-50. lethal dose 50)
Donaci6n (Donation)
Donador (Donor)
Oonante (Donor)
Dorsal submarina (Oceanic ridge. ridge)
Dosis (Dose)
Oosis absorbida (Absorbed dose)
Oosis colectiva (Collective dose)
Oosis elegida (Retained dose)
Dosis letal 50 (Lethal dose 50, LD-50)
Oosis maxima admisible (Maximum acceptable dose)
Drenaje (Drainage)
Duna (Dune)
Ourra (Durra, black millet)
E
Echaz6n (Jettison)
Ecologia (Ecology)
153
Economia (Rural economy)
Ecosistema (Ecosystem)
Educacion sanitaria (Health education)
Efecto cumulativo (Cumulative effect)
Efecto fratricida (Fratricide effect)
Efecto de invemadero (Glasshouse effect)
Efluente (Effluent)
Electron (Electron)
Elementos que corren riesgo (Elements
at risk)
EI nino (EI nino)
Emaciacion (Emaciation, wasting)
Embalaje (Crate)
Emergencia (Emergency)
Emigracion (Emigration)
Emigrante (Emigrant)
Encefalitis (Encephalitis)
Endemia (Endemicity)
Energia nuclear (Nuclear energy)
Enfermedad de Chagas (Chagas' disease,
trypanosomiasis)
Enfermedad endemica (Endemic disease)
Enfermedad del sueno (Sleeping sickness, Chagas' disease)
Enfermedad infecciosa (Infectious disease,
communicable disease)
Enfermedad por carencia (Deficiency disease, deficiency syndrome)
Enfermedad respiratoria aguda (Acute
respiratory disease)
Enfermedad transmisible (Communicable
disease, contagious disease)
Enfermedad de transmision sexual
(Sexually transmitted disease, venereal
disease, STD)
Enfermedades diarreicas (Diarrhoeal diseases)
Enfermedades entericas (Enteric diseases,
intestinal diseases)
Enfermedades intestinales (Intestinal diseases, enteric diseases)
Enfermedades parasitarias (Parasitic diseases)
Enfermedades venereas (Venereal diseases, sexually transmiued diseases, VD)
Encuesta sobre consumo de alimentos
(Food consumption survey)
Encuesta sobre familias (Household survey)
Encuesta socioeconomica (Socio-economic survey)
Enriquecimiento de alimentos (Food enrichment, food fortification)
Envio (Consignment)
Epicentro (Epicentre)
Epicentro sismico (Seismic epicentre,epicentre)
Epidemia (Epidemic)
Epidemiologia (Epidemiology)
Equilibrio biologico (Biological equilibrium)
Equinococosis (Echinococcosis, hydatid
disease)
Equinococosis hidatica (Hydatid disease,
echinococcosis)
Equipo de socorro (Disaster team)
Erosion (Erosion)
Erosion antropica (Anthropic erosion)
Erosion continental (Continental erosion)
Erosion del suelo (Soil erosion)
Erosion eoliana (Wind erosion, aeolian
erosion)
Erupcion voJcanica (Volcanic eruption)
Escala de Beaufort (Beaufort scale)
Escala de Douglas (Douglas scale)
Escala de Forel (Forel scale)
Escala de Mercalli (Mercalli scale)
Escala de Richter (Richter scale)
Escasez de alimentos (Food shortage)
Escorbuto (Scurvy, hypovitaminosis C)
Esquistosomiasis (Schistosomiasis, bilharzia)
Estacion (Season)
Estacion del monzon (Monsoon season)
Estacion espacial (Space station)
Estacion lIuviosa (Rainy season)
Estacion sec a (Dry season)
Estacion terrena (Earth station)
Estacion terrestre movil (Mobile land
station)
154
Estado del mar (Sea conditions)
Esterilizacion (Sterilization)
Estrato (Stratus cloud)
Estratosfera (Stratosphere)
Estratovolcim (Strato-volcano)
Estudio sobre vulnerabilidad (Vulnerability study)
Etnia (Ethnic group)
Evaluacion (Assessment)
Evacuacion (Evacuation)
Evacuacion ordenada (Orderly departure)
Evacuado (Evacuee)
Evaluacion de los danos (Damage assessment)
Exceso de presion (Overpressure)
Exodo (Exodus)
Expectativa de vida (Life expectancy)
Experto (Expert)
F
Flujo (Flood tide)
Fluoracion (Fluoridation)
Fondo (Sea bed, sea floor)
Fondo del mar (Sea bed, seafloor)
Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la
Infancia (UNICEF) (United Nations
Children's Fund (UNICEF))
Fractura (Fracture zone)
Frecuencia global (Global frequency)
Frente tormentosa (Frontal thunderstorm)
Fuente (Source, spring)
Fuente de infeccion (Source of infection)
Fuerza (Force)
Fuerza del viento (Wind force)
Fuerza generadora de la marea (Tidegenerating force)
Fumigacion (Fumigation)
Funguicida (Fungicide)
Factores climaticos (Climatic control)
Falla deslizante (Sliding fault, transform
fault)
Falla transformadora (Transform fault,
sliding fault)
Federacion Internacional de Asociaciones
de Estudiantes de Medicina (International Federation of Medical Students'
Associations)
Fiebre amarilla (Yellow fever)
Fiebre hemorragica dengue (Dengue haemorrhagic fever)
Fiebre de Lassa (Lassa fever)
Fiebre maculosa de las Montanas Rocosas (Rocky Mountain spotted fever)
Fiebre Q (Q fever)
Fiebre tifoidea (Typhoid fever, typhoid)
Filariasis (Filariasis)
Fision (Fission)
Fletamento (Freighting, chartering, charter-party)
G
Gabarra (Lighter)
Gent!tica (Genetics)
Geodesia (Geodetics)
Geomorfologia (Geomorphology)
Gestion de los recursos naturales (Natural resource management)
Gonorrea (Gonorrhoea)
Grado de adaptabilidad (Degree of adaptability)
Grupo vulnerable (Vulnerable group)
Grupo etnico (Ethnic group)
Grupo social (Social group)
155
Guerra biologica (Biological warfare.
bacteriological war)
Guerra quimica (Chemical warfare. Cit')
Grado de concentracion (Density factor)
H
Habitat (Habitat)
Habitat (United Nations Centre for
Human Settlements. UNCHS)
Habitos alimentarios (Food habits)
Hambre (Hunger. famine)
Hambruna (Famine)
Helada (Frost)
Hepatitis (Hepatitis)
Hepatitis infecciosa (Infectious hepatitis)
Hepatitis viral (A y B) (Viral hepatitis
(A and BJ)
Hepatitis viral serica (Serum hepatitis)
Herbicida (Herbicide)
Herido de guerra (War wounded)
Hidatidosis (Hydatidosis. hydatid disease)
Hidrografia (Hydrography)
Hidrologia (Hydrology)
Hidrosfera (Hydrosphere)
Higiene (Hygiene)
Higiene de los alimentos (Food hygiene.
food safety)
Higiene del medio (Environmental health.
environmental hygiene)
Hipocentro (Hypocentre. ground zero)
Hipovitaminosis (Hypovitaminosis. vitamin deficiency)
Hipovitaminosis A (Vitamin A deficiency.
night blindness)
Hipovitaminosis C (Vitamin C deficiency.
scurvy)
Hipovitaminosis D (Vitamin D deficiency.
rickets)
Hogar (Household. household unit)
Hora Greenwich, GMT (Greenwich mean
time. GMD
Humanitario (Humanitarian)
Huracan (Hurricane)
I
Ictericia (Jaundice. icterus)
Impulso electromagnetico (Electromagnetic pulse. EMP)
Inanicion (Starvation)
Incidencia (Incidence)
Indicador del riesgo (Risk indicator)
Indicadores de aIimentacion (Food availability indicators)
Indicadores de alimentacion y nutricion
(Food and nutrition indicators)
Indicadores del estado de nutricion
(Nutritional state indicators)
Indicadores de nutricj.on (Nutrition indicators)
Indicadores sociales (Social indicators)
Infeccion (Infection)
Infestacion (Infestation)
Ingenieria sanitaria (Sanitary engineering)
Inmigracion (Immigration)
Inmigrante (Immigrant)
Inmigrante ilegal (Illegal immigrant)
Inmunizacion (Immunization)
Insecticida (Insecticide)
Instalacion (Siting)
Inforrne GLA WARS (GLA WARS Commission Report)
Inforrne de WHOPAX (WHOPAX Report)
156
Integracion (Integration)
Intensidad (sismica) (Intensity (seismic)
Intermareas (Intertidal)
Intoxicacion alimentaria (Food poisoning)
Inundacion (Flood)
Inundacion repentina (Flash flood)
Inversion de temperatura (Temperature
inversion)
Invierno nuclear (Nuclear winter)
Ion (Ion)
Ionizacion de los alimentos (Food ionization)
Ionosfera (Ionosphere)
Irrigacion (Irrigation)
Isoterma (Isotherm)
Isotopos (Isotope)
K
Kilotonelada (Kiloton. kt)
Kwashiorkor (Kwashiorkor)
Kala-azar (Kala-azar. visceral leishmaniasis)
Kerma (Kerma)
L
Lahar (Lahar)
Latitud (Latitude)
LD-50 (LD-50. lethal dose 50)
Leche desnatada en polvo (Skimmed milk
powder. dried skimmed milk)
Leche entera en polvo (Dried full-cream
milk. dried whole milk,full cream milk
powder. DWM. DFCM)
Legislacion sobre catastrofes (Disaster
legislation)
Leishmaniosis (Leishmaniasis. kala-azar)
Leptospirosis (Leptospirosis. Weil's disease)
Lesion por radaciones (Radiation injury)
Ley sobre desastres (Disaster law. disaster act)
Liga de Sociedades de la Cruz Roja y de
la Media Luna Roja (League of Red
Cross and Red Crescent Societies)
Litoral (Littoral. coast)
Litoral cubierto por la marea (Tideland.
tidal wetland)
Lixiviacion (Lixivation)
L1amamiento (Appeal)
L1uvia acida (Acid rain)
L1uvia de ceniza (Ash fall)
L1uvia ciclonica (Cyclonic rain)
Logistica (Logistics)
Longitud geogratica (Longitude. geographic longitude. terrestrial longitude)
Lucha contra las plagas (Pest control)
M
Magma (Magma)
Magnitud (de terremoto) (Magnitude of
earthquake)
Maiz enriquecido con soya (Soya-fortifled corn meal. SFCM)
Malaria (Malaria)
Malnutricion (Malnutrition)
Malnutrici6n proteinocalorica (Proteincalorie malnutrition. protein-energy
malnutrition)
157
Manantial (Spring. source)
Mandioca (Manioc. cassava)
Manifiesto (Manifest)
Mapa de riesgos (Risk map)
Mapa hidrogeologico (Hydrogeological
map)
Mapa meteorologico (Weather map)
Mar abierta (Open sea. high seas)
Marasmo (Marasmus)
Marasmo nutricional (Nutritional marasmus. athrepsy)
Mar de fondo (Ground swell. surge)
Mar de fondo sismico (Seismic sea wave)
Marea (Tide)
Marea creciente (Rising tide. flood tide)
Marea negra (Black tide. oil slick)
Marejada (Swell)
Marginalidad (Marginality)
Media Luna Roja (Red Crescent)
Medicina de catastrofes (Disaster medicine)
Medicina militar (Military medicine)
Medicos Internacionales para la Prevencion de la Guerra Nuclear (IPPNW)
(International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War. IPPNW)
Medio ambiente (Environment)
Megatonelada (Megaton. Mt)
Menor no accompanado (Unaccompanied
minor. unaccompanied child)
Mezcla instantanea maiz-soya-Ieche (Instant corn-soya-milk. ICSM)
Mezcla K-2 (K-2 mix)
Mezcla maiz-soya (Corn-soya blend. CSB)
Mezcla maiz-soya-Ieche (Corn-soya-milk.
CSM)
Mezcla trigo-soya (Wheat-soya blend.
WSB)
Mezcla trigo-soya-Ieche (Wheat-soyamilk. WSM)
Mezclas alimentarias (Food mixtures)
Meningitis cerebroespinal (Cerebrospinal
meningitis)
Metabolismo basal (Basal metabolic rate.
BMR)
Meteorologia (Meteorology)
Meteosat (Meteosat)
Migrante (Migrant)
Migracion (Migration)
Minorias (Minorities)
MIRV (MIRV. Multiple Independently
targeted Re-entry Vehicles)
Movilidad de la poblacion (Population
mobility)
Molusquicida (Molluscicide)
Monzon (Monsoon)
Monzon de invierno (Winter monsoon)
Monzon de verano (Summer monsoon)
Morbilidad (Morbidity)
Mortalidad (Mortality. death. lethality)
Motivacion (Motivation)
Muchedumbre (Crowd)
Multisectorial (Multisectoral. multidisciplinary)
N
Naciones Unidas (United Nations. UN)
Name (Yam)
Necesidades (Needs. requirements)
Necesidades de energia (Energy requirements)
Necesidades nutricionales (Nutritional requirements)
Nefanalisis (Nephanalysis)
Nematocida (Nematocide)
Nino (el nino) (El nino)
Nivel del mar (Sea level)
Nivel de vida (Standard of living)
Nomada (Nomad)
Nube incandescente (Falling cloud)
Nube ardiente (Glowing cloud. nuee ardente)
Nube de fuego (Nuee ardente. glowing
cloud)
158
Nube de hongo (Mushroom cloud)
Nutrici6n (Nutrition)
Nutriente (Nutrient)
o
Objetivo (Objective)
Oceanico (Oceanic)
Oceanologia (Oceanology)
Oficina del Coordinador de las Naciones U nidas para el Socorro en Casos
de Desastre (UNDRO) (Office of the
United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator, UNDRO)
Ola (Wave, surge)
Ola de choque (Shock wave)
Ola oceanica (Ocean wave)
Oleada (Roller)
Oleaje de borrasca (Storm surge)
Oligoelementos (Trace elements, oligoelements)
Oncocercosis (Onchocerciasis, river blindness)
Onda de marea (Tidal wave)
Opci6n cero (Zero option)
Ordenaci6n territorial (Resource planning and development)
Organismo benefice (Voluntary agency,
VOLAG)
Organismo donante (Donor agency)
Organismo de Obras Publicas y Socorro
a los Refugiados de Palestina en el
Cercano Oriente (UNRWA) (United
Nations Relief and Works Agency for
Palestine Refugees, UNRWA)
Organismo Internacional de Energia
At6mica (International Atomic Energy
Agency, IAEA)
Organizaci6n benefica (Voluntary organization, voluntary agency)
Organizaci6n de las Naciones Unidas
para la Agricultura y la Alimentaci6n
(F AO) (Food and Agriculture Organization, F AO)
Organizaci6n de las Naciones Unidas
para la Educaci6n, la Ciencia y la
Cultura (UNESCO) (United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO)
Organizaci6n del ocio (Organization of
activities, organization of leisure)
Organizacion Intemacional de Protecci6n
Civil (International Civil Defence Organization, ICDO)
Organizaci6n Meteorol6gica Mundial
(World Meteorological Organization,
WMO)
Organizaci6n Mundial de la Salud (World
Health Organization, WHO)
Organizacion no gubernamental (Nongovernmental organization, NGO)
Ovicida (Ovicide)
Oxiologia (Oxyology, emergency medical
services)
Ozono (Ozone)
p
Paciente (Patient)
Pais de asilo (Country of asylum)
Pais de primer asilo (Country of first
asylum)
Pais de segundo asilo (Country of second
asylum)
Paludismo (Malaria)
Panico (Panic)
159
Parrafo (Paragrapher)
Parte meteorologico (Forecast, weather
forecast)
Patogeno (Pathogen)
Patogenicidad (Pathogenicity)
Patologia (Pathology)
Pauta de alimentacion (Food pattern)
Pediculosis (Pediculosis, louse infestation)
Pelagra (Pellagra, vitamin PP deficiency)
Perdida de ozono (Ozone depletion, ozone
hole)
Perfil litoral (Shore profile)
Perfil por edades (Age profile)
Periodo de contagio (Communicable period, contageous period)
Periodo de transmision (Communicable
period, transmissible period)
Periodo de incubacion (Incubation period)
Periodo radiactivo (Radioactive half-life,
half-life)
Personas desplazadas (Displaced persons,
DP)
Pertussis (Pertussis, whooping cough)
Peste (Plague, black death)
Pian (Pinta, yaws)
Pirateria (Piracy)
Pirateria aerea (Hijacking)
Plaguicida (Pesticide)
Plan (Plan)
Plan de urgencia (Contingency plan,
emergency plan)
Plataforma continental (Continental shelf)
Pluviometria (Rainfall amount, pluviome try)
Poblacion (Population)
Poliomielitis (Poliomyelitis, infantile paralysis)
Polvareda (Sand whirl, dust whirl)
Portador (Carrier)
Poder adquisitivo (Purchasing power)
Precipitacion (Precipitation, falf)
Precipitacion nuclear (Fallout, radioactive fallout)
Precipitacion con la lluvia (Rain-out,
wash-out)
Prediccion de la marea (Tide forecast,
tide prediction)
Primeros auxilios (First aid)
Prenatal (Antenatal, prenataf)
Preparacion (Preparedness)
Preparacion para casos de desastre
(Disaster preparedness)
Presion atmosferica (A tmospheric pressure)
Preso (Prisoner)
Prevalencia (Prevalence)
Prevencion (Prevention)
Prevencion de desastres (Disaster prevention)
Prevision meteorologica (Climatological
forecast)
Prevision de los danos (Damage forecasting)
Prevision hidrologica (River forecast)
Prevision del tiempo (Weather forecast)
Principio de no devolucion (Principle of
non-refoulement)
Prisionero (Prisoner)
Prisionero de guerra (Prisoner of war,
POW)
Productividad (Productivity)
Producto nacional bruto (Gross national
product, GNP)
Programa Ampliado de Inmunizacion
(Expanded Programme on Immunization)
Program a de alimentacion complementaria (Supplementary feeding programme)
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para
el Desarrollo (United Nations Development Programme, UNDP)
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para
el Medio Ambiente (United Nations
Environment Programme, UNEP)
Program a M undial de Alimentos ( World
Food Programme, WFP)
Proteccion civil (Civil protection, civil
defence)
Proteccion contra las radiaciones (Radiation protection)
160
Proteina (Protein)
Proton (Proton)
Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas)
Punto cero (Ground zero, hypo centre)
Proteccion internacional (International
protec tion)
Proteccion de los refugiados (Protection
of refugees, refugee protection)
Q
Quimioprofilaxis (Chemoprophylaxis)
R
Rabia (Rabies)
Racha (Squall, gust)
Racion alimentaria (Food ration, ration)
Radiacion cosmica (Cosmic radiation)
Radiaciones ionizantes (Ionizing radiation)
Radiactividad (Radioactivity)
Radioastronomia (Radioastronomy)
Radion uclido (Radionuclide)
Radiotoxicidad (Radiation toxicity)
Rafaga (Gust, squall)
Raquitismo (Rickets, vitamin D deficiency)
Rayos gamma (Gamma rays)
Reaccion nuclear (Nuclear reaction)
Reactor (Reactor, nuclear power station)
Reactor nuclear (Nuclear reactor)
Reanimacion cardiopulmonar (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CPR)
Receptor (Recipient, donee)
Recoleccion de fondos (Fund raising)
Reconstruccion (Reconstruction)
Recursos alimentarios (Food resources)
Recursos en materia de comunicaciones
(Communications resources)
Recursos naturales (Natural resources)
Recursos de salud (Health resources)
Reflujo (Ebb, recession)
Refrigeracion de los aliment os (Food refrigeration)
Refugiado (Refugee)
Refugiado acogido al Convenio (Convention refugee)
Refugiado acogido al Estatuto (Statutory refugee, de jure refugee)
Refugiado acogido al Mandato (Mandate refugee)
Refugiado acogido al Protocolo (Protocol refugee)
Refugiado a posteriori (Refugee sur place)
Refugiado "de facto" (De facto refugee)
Refugiado "de jure" (De jure refugee,
statutory refugee)
Refugiado reconocido (Recognized refugee)
Refugiado devuelto (Returnee)
Regresado (Returnee)
Regadio (Irrigation)
Rehabilitacion (Rehabilitation)
Rehen (Hostage)
Rehidratacion oral (Oral rehydration)
Reordenacion (Redevelopment)
Repatriacion (Repatriation)
Repatriacion voluntaria (Voluntary repatriation)
Repoblacion forestal (Reforestation, afforestation, forestation)
Reservas (Stockpile)
Reservorio de infeccion (Reservoir of
infection)
Resistencia medicamentosa (Drug resistance)
Resistente al fuego (Fireproof)
Rickettsiosis (Rickettsialfever, rickettsiosis)
161
Riesgo (Risk, hazard)
Riesgo natural (Natural hazard)
Rio de barro (Mudslide, mud slide)
Rodenticida (Rodenticide)
Rotaci6n de cultivos (Crop rotation)
s
Sabana (Savannah)
Sahel (Sahel)
Sales de rehidrataci6n oral (Oral rehydration salts, ORS)
Salmonelosis (Salmonellosis)
Salud (Health)
Salud publica (Public health)
Salvamento (Rescue)
Saneamiento (Sanitation, sanitary improvement)
Sarampi6n (Measles)
Sarna (Scabies, the itch)
Satelite (Satellite, artificial satellite)
Semciforo (Semaphore)
Seguridad en el mar (Safety at sea)
Seismo (Earthquake)
Sismografia (Seismography)
Sismoscopio (Seismoscope)
Selecci6n (Triage)
Servicios colectivos (Communal facilities)
Servicios medicos de urgencia (Emergency
medical services, EMS)
Servicios (Services)
Seveso (Seveso)
Shigelosis (Shigellosis)
SIDA (AIDS, Acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome)
Sifilis (Syphilis)
Sindrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida
(Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
Sinergismo (Synergism)
Soberania (Sovereignty)
Sobrealimentaci6n (Hypernutrition, overnutrition)
Sociedad (Society)
Socorros (Relief, rescue)
Socorro alimentario (Food relief)
Socorro de urgencia (Emergency relief)
Solfatara (Solfatara)
Solicitud de asistencia en caso de desastre (Request for disaster assistance)
Soluci6n de Lugol (Lugol's iodine, Lugol's
solution)
Sonda (Probe)
Sonda espacial (Space probe)
Sondeo sismico (Seismic sounding)
Sorgo (Sorghum)
Sorgo enriquecido con soya (Soya-fortified sorghum grits, SFSG)
Suelo (Soil)
Sujeto susceptible (Susceptible case, vulnerable person)
Sujeto vulnerable (Vulnerable person, susceptible case)
Superincendio (Superfire)
T
Tabu alimentario (Food taboo)
Taller (Workshop (educational)
Taro (Taro)
Tasa (Commodity rate, concessionary rate)
Tasa de morbilidad (Morbidity rate)
Tasa de mortalidad (Mortality rate, death
rate)
Tasa de natalidad (Birth rate)
162
Tenia (Tapeworm. taenia)
Teniasis (Taeniasis. tapeworm infection)
Tension (Stress)
Tecnologia alternativa (Alternative technology)
Tecnologia apropiada (Appropriate technology)
Tefra (Tephra)
Telecomunicaci6n (Telecommunication)
Telemetria (Telemetry)
Telesondeo (Remote sounding)
Telesondeo ionosferico (Ionospheric
sounding)
Telesondeo meteorol6gico (Meteorological sounding)
Tempestad (Storm)
Temporal (Storm)
Term6grafo (Thermograph)
Terremoto (Earthquake)
Tetanos (Tetanus)
Three Mile Island (Three Mile Island)
Tiempo de pennanencia (Residence time)
Tifoidea (Typhoid. typhoid fever)
Tif6n (Typhoon)
Tifus (Typhus)
Tifus transmitido por garrapatas (Tickborne typhus)
Tifus exantematico (Typhus exanthematicus)
TNT (TNT. trinitrotoluene)
Tolvanera (Sand whirl. dust whirl)
Topografia (Topography)
Torbellino (Whirlwind. twister)
Torbellino de polvo (Dust whirl. dust
devil)
Tonnenta (Thunderstorm)
Tonnenta de fuego (Firestorm)
Tonnenta de masa de aire (Air mass
thunderstorm)
Tormenta del frente frio (Cold front
thunderstorm)
Tonnenta escarchante (Ice storm)
Tonnenta magnetica (Magnetic storm)
Tonnenta por advecci6n (Advective thunderstorm)
Tonnenta por convecci6n (Convective
thunderstorm)
Tonnenta tropical (Tropical storm)
Tornado (Tornado. twister)
Tortura (Torture)
Tos ferina (Whooping cough. pertussis)
Toxicologia (Toxicology)
Toxina (Toxin)
Tracoma (Trachoma)
Transmisi6n de las enfennedades (Disease
transmission)
Transmisi6n de una infecci6n (Transmission (of infection). disease transmission)
Traslado de tecnologia (Technology transfer)
Triage (Triage)
Trinitrotolueno (Trinitrotoluene. TNn
Tripanosomiasis (Trypanosomiasis. sleeping sickness)
Tripanosomiasis africana (African trypanosomiasis)
Tromba de polvo (Dust bowl)
Tsunami (Tsunami)
Tuberculosis (Tuberculosis)
u
UNDRO (UNDRO. Office of the United
Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator)
UNESCO (UNESCO. United Nations
Educational. Scientific and Cultural Organization)
UNICEF (UNICEF. United Nations Children's Fund)
Unidad de alimentaci6n (Eating unit)
Unidad de vivienda (Family unit, household)
Union Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (International Telecommunication Union, lTV)
UNRWA (UNRWA. United Nations
163
Urbanizaci6n (Urbanization)
Urgencia (Emergency)
Relief and Works Agency for Palestine
Refugees)
V
Vientos alisios (Trade winds)
Vigilancia (Surveillance, monitoring)
Vigilancia de las enfermedades (Disease
surveillance, monitoring)
Vigilancia Meteorol6gica Mundial (World
Weather Watch, WWW)
Viricida (Virucide)
Viruela (Smallpox)
Virus (Virus)
Virus VIH (HIV virus, human immunodeficiency virus)
Vivienda (Dwelling, housing)
Vivienda colectiva (Communal dwelling)
Vo1can (Volcano)
Vulnerabilidad (Vulnerability)
Vacuna (Vaccine)
Vacuna anticolerica (Cholera vaccine)
Vacunaci6n (Vaccination, immunization)
VO (VD, venereal disease)
Vector (Vector)
Ventisca (Blizzard)
Verruga peruana (Bartonellosis)
Vertedero (Spill, overspill)
Vertice (Vortex)
Vertimiento (Overspill, spill)
Victima de un desastre (Disaster victim)
Vida efectiva (Effective life)
Viento (Wind)
Vi en to de mar (Onshore wind)
Viento duro (Gale)
Viento terral (Offshore wind)
x
Xeroftalmia (Xerophthalmia)
Y
Yuca (Cassava, manioc)
Z
Zona climatica (Climatic zone, climatic
region)
Zona saheliana (Sahelian zone, Sahel)
164
Zona semiarida (Semi-arid zone)
Zonas tropicales (Tropical zones)
Zoonosis (Zoonosis)
PARTE II
Unidades de medida
a (area) - a (are)
area (a) - are (aJ
arqueo bruto - gross tonnage
arqueo neto - net weight
Beaufort - Beaufort
becquerel (Bq) - becquerel (Bq)
Bq (becquerel) - Bq (becquerel)
°C (grado celsius) - DC (degree celsius)
cal. (caloria) - cal. (calorie)
caloria (cal.) - calorie (cal.)
celsius (0C) - celsius (DC)
centigrado - centigrade
centimetro (cm) - centimetre, centimeter
(cm)
cm (centimetro) - cm (centimetre)
cm 2 (centimetro cuadrado) - cm 2 (square
centimetre)
cm 3 (centimetro cubico) - cm 3 (cubic
centimetre)
cuadrado - square
cwt (hundredweight) - cwt (hundredweight)
dosis letal 50 (LD-50) - lethal dose 50
( LD-50)
Douglas - Douglas
escala de la marea - tidal scale
of (fahrenheit) - °F (fahrenheit)
g (gramo) - g (gramme, gram)
gal. (galon) - ga.'. (gallon)
galon (gal.) - gallon (gal.)
galon americano (US gal.) - US gallon
(US gal.)
galon ingles (imp. gal.) - imperial gallon
(imp. gal.)
GMT (hora media de Greenwich) GMT (Greenwich mean time)
grado celsius (0C) - degree celsius (OC)
grado fahrenheit (OF) - degree fahrenheit ("F)
gray (Gy) - gray (gy)
gramo (gr) - gramme, gram (gr)
h (hora) - h (hour)
ha (hectarea) - lIa (hectare)
hectarea (ha) - hectare (ha)
hora (h) - hour (h)
hora media de Greenwich (GMT) Greenwich mean time (GMT)
hundredweight (cwt) - hundredweight
( cwt)
in (pulgada) - in (inch)
J (joule) - J (joule)
joule (1) - joule (J)
K (kelvin) - K (kelvin)
kcal (kilocaloria) - kcal (kilocalorie)
kelvin (K) - kelvin (K)
kerma - kama
kg (kilogramo) - kg (kilogramme)
kilocaloria (kcal) - kilocalorie (kcal)
kilogramo (kg) - kilogramme (kg)
kilometro (km) - kilometre (km)
kilotonelada (kt) - kiloton (kt)
kilowatt (kW) - kilowatt (kW)
km (kilometro) - km (kilometre)
kt (kilotonelada) - kt (kiloton)
kW (kilowatt) - k W (kilowatt)
I (Iitro) - I (litre, liter)
Ib (libra) - lb (pound)
libra (lb) - pound (lb)
litro (I) - litre, liter (I)
m (metro) - m (metre, meter)
m 2 (metro cuadrado) - m 2 (square
metre)
m 3 (metro cubico) - m 3 (cubic metre)
megatonelada (Mt) - megaton (Mt)
megawatt (MW) - megawatt (MW)
MercaIIi - Mercalli
metro (m) - metre, meter (m)
metro cuadrado (m2) - square metre
(m 2 )
metro cubico (m 3 ) - cubic metre (m 3 )
mg (miligramo) -- mg (milligramme)
165
mil millones - billion, US; thousand million, GB
miligramo (mg) - milligramme (mg)
milia - mile
milia marina - nautical mile
millon (10 6 ) - million (10 6 )
Mt (megatonelada) - Mt (megaton)
MW (megawatt) - MW (megawatt)
N (newton) - N (newton)
newton (N) - newton (N)
nudo - knot
Pa (pascal) - Pa (pascal)
pascal (Pa) - pascal (Pa)
pie - foot (ft)
PNB (producto nacional bruto) - GNP
(gross national product)
producto nacional bruto (PNB) - gross
national product (GNP)
pulgada - inch (in)
q (quintal met rico) - q (metric quintal)
166
rad - rad
Richter - Richter
roentgen - roentgen
s (segundo) - s (second)
segundo (s) - second (s)
t (tonelada) - t (ton)
TMG (Cf GMT) - GMT
tonelada (t) - ton (t)
toneJada corta - short ton
tonelada larga - long ton
tonelada metrica - metric ton, tonne (mt)
tonelada de registro (TR) - register ton
(RT)
tonelaje de registro - register tonnage
(NRT)
tonelada de registro neto - net register
tonnage (NRT)
W (watt) - W (watt)
watt (W) - watt (W)
PARTE III
Siglas y abreviaturas
ABM (MAB) - ABM
ACNUR - UNHCR
AELC - EFTA
AEROSA T - AEROSAT
AFP - AFP
AFRO - AFRO
AGFUND - AGFUND
AID (USAID) - USAID (AID)
AMRO-AMRO
AMSAT - AMSAT
ANAS - ASEAN
AP-AP
ASAP - ASAP
ATA - ATA
ATD - ATD
BAID - ADB
BAsD - AsDB
BCG - BCG
BENELUX - BENELUX
BIRF (BM - IBRD (WB)
CAF - CAF
CAFOD - CAFOD
CARE - CARE
CAS - CAS
CARICOM - CARICOM
CCE - CEC
CCIA - CCIA
CE- CE
CEE - ECE
CEI -IEC
CEI - WCC
CEMEC - CEMEC
CEPA - ECA
CEPAL - ECLA
CEPE - ECE
CESAP - ESCAP
CFC - CFC
CI - CI
CICARWS - CICARWS
CICR -ICRC
CIDA - CIDA
CIF - CIF
CIJ -IC]
CILSS - CILSS
CIM -ICM
crOB (ICV A) - ICVA
CMA - WFC
CMCH (AFD) - FFHC ( AFD)
CMEA - CMEA
CNP-NWC
CNUCYD - UNCTAD
CNUAH (HABITAT) - UNCHS
(HABITAT)
COD - COD
COMECON (CMEA) - COMECON
(CMEA)
CONGO - CONGO
COR UNUM - COR UNUM
CPO - WPC
CRED - CRED
CRS - CRS
CSB - CSB
CSM - CSM
CSNUERA - UNSCEAR
CSS (SWISSAID) - SDR
CTPD - TCDC
CUSO - CUSO
DANIDA - DANIDA
DBS - DBS
DOD - DDD
DDW-DDW
DFCM -DFCM
DP (PO) - DP
DSM - DSM
DWM-DWM
ECOSOC - ECOSOC
ECU - ECU
EMMIR - EMMIR
EMP (IEM) - EMP
EMRO - EMRO
ETA - ETA
ETD - ETD
167
ETS - STD
EURO - EURO
FAB - FOB
FAO - FAO
FAS - FAS
FIDA -IFAD
FINUL - UNIFIL
FMI -IMF
FNUAP - UNFPA
FOB - FOB
FPC - FPC
GARP - GARP
GATT - GATT
GB-BW
GMDS - GMDS
GMT-GMT
GOES - GOES
GOS - GOS
GQ-CW
HABITAT (CNUAH) (UNCHS)
HELP - HELP
HIV (VIH) - HIV
lATA -lATA
ICSM -ICSM
ICVA -ICVA
IDA -IDA
IDE - SDI
IFMSA - IFMSA
lIP -IPI
IEM - EMP
IMPATT -IMPATT
IMSAR - IMSAR
IPPNW - IPPNW
IRC -IRC
ISIS - ISIS
ISO -ISO
KERMA - KERM A
LICROSS (LSCR)
(LSCR)
LSCR - LSCR
LWR - LWR
LWS - LWS
MAB-ABM
MAROTS - MAROTS
MB-BMR
HABITAT
LlCROSS
168
MDS-MDS
METEOSAT - METEOSAT
MIRV - MIRV
MPC-PCM
MPE - PEM
MSF - MSF
NORAD - NORAD
OACI -ICAO
OCDE - OECD
ODA - ODA
OEA - OAS
OFDA - OFDA
OlEA -IAEA
OIPC -ICDO
OIT -ILO
OMI -IMO
OMM - WMO
OMS- WHO
ONG - NGO
ONU - UN
ONUDI - UNIDO
OOPS - UNRWA
OPEP - OPEC
OPS - PAHO
ORSEC - ORSEC
OSRO - OSRO
OSP - PASB
OUA - OAU
OXFAM - OXFAM
PAHO (OPS) - PAHO
PAl - EPI
PAM - WFP
PGA - MSA
PMA - LDC
PNB - GNP
PNUMA - UNDP
PNUE - UNEP
RCP - CPR
Res Rep - Res Rep
SALT - SALT
SAMU - EMS
SAR - SAR
SARSAT - SARSAT
SCF - SCF
SEARO - SEARO
SFB - SFB
SFCM - SFCM
SFP - SFP
SFSG - SFSG
SIDA (OSDI) - SIDA
SIDA - AIDS
SMN - MCH
SOlAS - SOLAS
SONAR - SONAR
SOS - SOS
START - START
SWISSAID (CSS) - SWISSAID (SDR)
TIR - TIR
TMI - TMI
UIT - ITU
UNDRO - UNDRO
UNESCO - UNESCO
UNICEF - UNICEF
UNIPAC - UNIPAC
UNITAR - UNITAR
UNRWA (OOPS)- UNRWA
UP- UP
UPI - UP!
USAID - USAID, AID
VIH (HIV) - HIV
VMM- WWW
VOlAG - VOLAG
WAEDM - WAEDM
WPRO- WPRO
WSB - WSB
WSM - WSM
WWF- WWF
169
SECTION IV: ARABIC
Note: The text of this section follows the Arabic order, i.e. from right to left.
UNESCO ~;.u
•...\>..:ll
UNICE F ,:l?) •...\>..:ll
r'i l <...1.;... - ~r.l1
~lA!l~f~
r'il ..........;.- - ~r.l1
<)#1
NORA D
USAID /AID
UP
UPI
173
~J...ul ~ ~J;JI <)15')1
~J...ul ~ • ...\>..:ll -A)I) 1 <lis)
Res Rep
~I J..l1
WPC
4 WI ~I Wi:... e:-'.t. ~
NWC
4 WI ~I Wi:... e:-I~ ~)I .;-ll
IMO
~')\..ll '-:lJ..u1 ~PI <;jL.:.::.....')'1 WOJ.I
ECA
ECLA
ECE
ECWA
UNSCEAR
<;rJl
ORSEC
":")~I ";"~l?l Wi:...
FAO
~~)~ <;.is-\'1 Wi:...
UNIDO
~UI ~ i~1 r\'1 Wi:...
OECD ,-p L.,.ci')' I .) l..w I J '-.:.:I ~ ')J t..:J1 4k:,..
\'1 J ..ul Wi:...
OAS
. .f
!.l
ICDO
..;·..u.1 t'Ii..ill U.!.l..ul WOJ.I
I.W! U.!.l ..ul WOJ.I
ISO
~
PAHO
i..f.-..1"\'1 .)I..I.l..JJ ~I Wi:...
WHO
4WI ~I Wi:...
ICAO
JJ..u1 j..u.1 .JI~I Wi:...
<;j,1 )~)Su 4·WI WOJ.I
WMO
ILO
'-:lJ..u1 ~I Wi:...
NGO
"-:-~# Wi:...
OAU
~)\'I i..l.»1 Wi:...
UNCTAD
~~ i)~:.lI i~1 r\'1 j;..
CONGO
'-'...oJ I ..;.,I~ "-:-PI # ";"~I);"
.
-,?).iJ1 t~')'1
OXFAM
ICM
IRC
ICRC
ICMC
CCIA
CILSS
. ...s:,
-,?) L.,.ci')' I
..s..u
~I
WFC
ECOSOC
SFCM
ATD
ETD
ATA
ETA
UNRWA
AFP
ODA
DAN IDA
IAEA
VOLAG
CIDA
i~1 I~\'I U•
'-:lJ..u1 ~ <;-,:y-II ~I
'-:lJ..u1 ...,..~jlS'" ~
.> O,-J
J.--A!I .))WI ..:..iJ
;";"il i.)WI..:..iJ
,
ul...4J1 JJ¥') I ..:..iJ
~
;";"il J.,..,)I ..:..iJ
',
~J <:l?':! i~1 r':!l
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J ,:-~I .:-~':>'JI
~}ll
)~I '~J ~
L;\' I .;!lSJ
~I .;!lSJ
•
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<;»1
'-:lJ..u1
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~J.JI ~
~.,1
"-:.J.SJ I
JL...lI
...,..JlSJl
4
JJ..u1 ~ ;S-;..:J.I ~I
J
~UI <.4k;..
i~U ...,..JlSJl .,:,l,...l>-J .,:,~-""
4
J.WI "-:.is-\'1 ~
-/~ ')'~ -,?)L.,.ci')'1 ~I
rSu
~J.JJ\'I ~I
~)JI ..;.,,),lS'"}l .)J..ul ~I
...,..Jl:SJJ J.WI ~I
.o)L:;i1 "-:)L.,.ci')'1 ..;.,I';"UI ~
..;.,l.i:."..:J1
.)L
rWI JlA;,:!1 ~~
ICJ
'-:lJ..u1 J..LJI ~
WWW
4wI "-:';"1 <.Ji)1
UNCHS/HABIT AT
i~1 r\'I;).1"
y}1 / ~.rJ1 .,:,lJ,.,:--U
DFCM
Jo\S:.l1 .:-.J)I J.".......
UNITAR
.,:.,~~ ,-:":j..L:.li i~1 r\'1 -4---'
IPI
<ib....a.lJ JJ..u1 ¥ I
UNHCR
.:-~')IJI ')Jr:J i~1 ~\'I~"""
AFRO
j.)\'1 A')"'~'
AMRO
~.1"\'1 A')" ~I
EURO
:.r,J)J\'1 A')" ~I
l:--I J) ,,:,.4 A')" ~I
SEARO
EMRO
.k...."il rJl J.rJ A':! I ~I
-,?)\kl ..6.1 1 ,,:,.;J A')" ~I
WPRO
PASB
i..f.-..1"\'1 .)I..I.l..JJ ~I ~I
.....,WI <:l?')'l ::"'L)...s- ~
OSRO
.,:,')'1.> j ~)WI .,:,I~UI ~
OFDA
.
"'lkl! '-:lJ..u1 ';!lS'")1
.
wtS:!.
i)~~ ~~I
<;;)11 4WI ":'~l?')'l ~
~.,.....J L ijjA-'
~ '-:lJ..u1 ~I
i~ '-:lJ..u1 ~;\S:.ll ~I
<:\A:....I .1-1,;
.)J..ul -,?,JI j.<J1
..3)\'1 JrJl
..;.,~l?')IJ '-:lJ..u1 ~I
r>-\'I
i~1
CE
ICVA
WCC
CMEA
GATT
.)yj~
LWR
UN
SIDA
CI
i~ '-:lJ..u1 "-:-PI ~I
~')IJI
<;)L.:.::..... ')'1
(~J..i.Q;I)
if' wtS:!. )jyW"1 4
CICARWS
i~1 rSu
DP
SOS
TIR
LA,
. \'' .
... ) L.,.ci')' I .;;"..,u
..J
. I
~')IJI ~.1"\' <;)L.,.ci':!1 ~I
4JjJ\' ~)W')'I ~I
l:--I ~.;J ~)L.,.ci':!1 ~I
)~7..y ~I i..b..:l.1 r\'1 4
.;!lSJ
';!lS'")1
174
UNDRO
.u
":".,.o.ll
":"}pJl
i..b..:l.1 r\'1 .;.....:.. ~
~)ifJl
.:.J l!l \ ..)- \
~~L.a:>-~~ jyjl
EMMIR C;.;-ll J>-..clI ~}:-JI ~! ...:..L•..wl
EMS
~I .:sJ~1 ..:..L....l>LWS
~))l1 4-WI ..:..L...wl
DOW
~U\q "'-:L>JI ..:..L....l>CSB
~~~~~I~
CSM
..:Jl~ ~~~ 'J~I ~
ICSM
..:Jl~ ~~~ 'J~I , f I$Jj ~
WSB
~~~~I~
WSM
..:Jl~ ~~~ ~I ~
BENELUX
!.S)L...ci'l11 ~fo. )~I
ITU ~')IJ~ ~I ';~L.o;')IJ J,..ul ~~'l11
IUCW
JAklI ~l&-) JJ..u1 )~'l11
EEC
<.F-JJJ\l1 1$) L...a:i'l1 I )~'l11
CARICOM
~JlSJI )~'l11
LWF
JWi 15))11 ~~'l11
lATA
JJjl I$}.-I jAJl )~I
AP
.
'-"'"'.I. ~Y"i
OPEC
.1..i.:JJ .)..I..,a\.1 .j1~1 4...1;... - ~J'I
COD
ASAP
SFB
WFP
UNDP
UNEP
SFP
EPI
FPC
BCG
MSA
LDC
ASEAN
LICROSS
l;--I .,if-
'-:'.f>:-
r-:I 4kG
J~~ r> \II ~I ..:..~ ~G
r>\l1
LRCS r> \II J~~ r> \II ~I ..:..~ ~G
PCM
PEM
SONAR
CIF
..:..~~ .:r.;J.r.J~ ~..iA:JI .Y"
4ilkl~ .:r.;J.r.J~ ~..iA:JI .Y"
(jAJ ~ ')::~ ~
ws::.J I)
J~Y"
....:..:...
NPU
MCH
SCF
UNFPA
IFAD
CAFOD
.:f.t "':";J td..:~
~~~ j..;o.- -Y.I.
JWI ~JS,\l1 ~~.1.
Jli'l11 •..l.:>.:ll r~1 ~~.1.
~ •..l.:>.:ll r~1 ~~.1.
~1""..iA:JI
~
•.•
~'1.
~ L)~~~.r.JI
jS')1 !lLc-'l11 .:r.;J.I.
C..r''-:'
I)'t; ..I..!\l1 .j1~1
~ y\ll .j1~1
AsDB
ADB
IBRD
FAS
SITREP
CAF
COR UNUM
IMF
FOB
UNIFIL
.jL:.J j 0'1\ •..l.:>.:ll ...';1 ...
.•
""'
CARE
DWM
DSM
I
T
"-:-L:JI
J-:S'
~ J-lS"".:.,~
~)..,..:..o..
EFTA
.)-1 'J~ ~JJJ\l1 ~I
~<J..uI~1
IDA
.
.J
..
SWISSAID (SDR) •..\&-W ~.r-!r-!I ~I
-J:l
SFSG
FFHCjAFD
.j1~1
~ra!~ .jjt11 oJ.ll1 ..:..~
.f j...J1
I ifl .fJ.r=J1
~
~I .}.-I
CEC
ESCAP
¥~
~J)J\II ..:..b~'l11 ;;)..
~)L...ci'l11 ~I
L,-'1 ~~'l1~
..plJ.1
175
CRS
CUSO
~;lSJl ":~)'I ..:..L....l>Jl>..J1 .GJ Ll. ~.6J1 ~~I ..:..L...wl
celsius scale
centigrade scale
tidal scale
Mercalli
million
megaton (Mt)
megawatt (MW)
mile
nautical mile
milligramme (mg)
v-.r.-L v-l:-U
~~ v-l:-U
J.f.- ~ ...u.1 v-l:-U
JlS"'f v-l:-U
0r.L-
.JolA:-.
J.9~ J.J,I~
~
(t)
i~
gross national product (GNP) <,f~1,..;l:..Il
~
Mt
MW
N
GNP
.JolA:-~
.
.1.1~
0
J~ ')1 <,fy4l1 ~l:..Il
cwt
ha
':"':J~J"."'"
JL:S:...
I
pound (Ib)
litre (I)
J
o.r.J
(J) ;J
J~')I
newton (N)
hectare (ha)
hundredweight (cwt)
W
watt (W)
(0)
.JJ-"I
JL:S:...
~PJ..l;..Io
J
(J) J,~
176
m
m2
m3
metre, meter (m)
square metre (m2)
cubic metre (m 3 )
square (2)
mg
,i
r
(
i
i
(0 ;...
('0 C:;f J:"'"
<'0 ~;...
,)
.
(i.l - C:;f
;...
'-
centigrade
centimetre (cm)
a
are (a)
ton
J.
long ton
~~I J.
short ton
..f.:) J.
register ton, ton (RT) J..II; ~I <l~1 - J.
tonne, metric ton (mt)
~;.... J. 'J.
mt
~;.... J.
Pa
pascal (Pa)
billion
inch (in)
Beaufort
Beaufort
knot
GMT
g
gallon
imperial gallon
US gallon
gramme, gram (g)
t
Clr.L
';""y
J.h
J.h
s
~);'I.r.-'l Cl)~
~f'ICl)~
(l>
J
lethal dose 50 (LD-50)
LD-50
joule (J)
r~
--.J'
foot (plural, feet)
lb
Jt5:....1;
second (s)
Cl)~
of
fahrenheit
K (kelvin)
cal.
calorie (cal.)
kg
km
kelvin (K)
q
metric quintal (q)
kiloton (kt)
kt
kilogramme (kg)
kilocalorie (kcal)
kcal
kilometre (km)
kilowatt (kW)
kW
4
(4)
!l
JlS'
(JlS')
(c..) J~
RT
net weight
gross tonnage
register tonnage
net register tonnage (NRT)
~))lS'
(!l)
~;....
fi
J.#
J.#
r~#
degree celsius (0C)
degree centigrade
degree fahrenheit COF)
Douglas
~))lS' #
Richter
(~);....#
h
°C
hour (h)
celsius
cm
~))lS' #
.1~#
.1~#
~L.,.. <lr->
';li <lr->
.\1-..
<l~
.
.\1-..
<l~
.
~ <lr->
';li
~
J\::S
J\::S
J..I4 <lr-:l l
~L.,..
gross register tonnage (GRT)
{
({)
c..
....:.....JJ <t LAJ I 4>..J.- I
....:.....JJ <t LAJ I 4>..J.- I
177
c. .,. ') ......r.--L ~)~
~~ ~)~
(--.J')~""; ~)~
i f ':N-J~
,J.,;
if
if °
(if) 4>.L...
......r.--L
r-
Acid rain
Mortality
Disaster assistance
Humanitarian aid
Nuclear reactor
Fireproof
Donation
Solfatara
Manioc
Appeal
Ozone depletion
Exponential growth
Arithmetic growth
EI Nino
Marginality
Objective
Panic
Epidemiology
Disaster prevention
Jaundice
~;...
-=-L!)I J...lv
~)~I -=-LY'"
~L;\
-?JY
<;Y'"
YL<..
-.Y..,.....u rJw
tF,U,4>..:..
~~ -=-~\&. ..i.A;..
-=-~
~lA.:....1
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jJjJ'11 '"7"."...a.;
";'I}
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.
··Ii
.r:-;"';"L,.
...:.. ......
t!~
-=-WL
..J
~,I
('Ii
../~
.......~ liJI
......
J
178
M ultisectoral
-=-~lkA.!1 ~~
Acquired immunodeficiency
j~1 <..j')\:..o
syndrome
~I ..I'lll
METEOSAT
. -=-L..r.=-International commmunity
JJ..u1 ~I
Biosphere
-?~I ¥I
Black tide
~.J-''11 ..Ill
Animism
~l>-J)I ,-:-"l.
Acute respiratory disease ~l>- ~ c//
Sexually transmitted
4 J';:" c//
disease
CEMEC, Euro~)~I -.,.J.J ...r. JJJ'1 I .?")1
pean Centre for Disaster Medicine
CRED, Centre for ~)~I -=-~LJ ~.,s: .?"/
Research on the Epidemiology
of Disasters
Burns centre
Food mixture(s)
Antigen
Beneficiary
Warehouse
Addendum to the Arabic Section
Economic development
~~L..cil ~
Three Mile Island
~i J-Lo 1$)
Container
~Jl>
Biological warfare ~.,....J~ '-:'.r->'"
Chemical warfare
4~ '-:'?
Nuclear war
~JY '-:'?
Workshop
~W>
;J.".:.
Plan
Contingency plan
~)~ ;J.".:.
Hazard
)0>Risk
)la~1 ,)0>Natural hazard
~)o>Dioxin
~~
IPPNW, International .:r .~~ 4J..u1 ~i)1
Physicians for ~J.rJ1 ,-:,)-1 .:r ~\i)1 J~J
the Prevention of Nuclear War
WAEDM, World ~)I#I ~ 4J..u1 ~i)1
Association for Emergency ~)~~
and Disaster Medicine
Hostage
4)
Savannah
tij~
Seve so
~
Pertussis, whooping ~..ul JL.....JI - Jr\..!J1
cough
Consignment
~
Deck cargo
~I R ~ ~
Red Crescent / Red Cross / r> \II ~I
r>\l1 J')UI
Lighter
JJ.;.....o
Climatic control
4:>\:..~~
Antibody
(~L,..i..~) J...;
Military Medicine
I$;:..:.,.J I ..,.J.J I
Disaster Medicine
~)~I~
Jettison
~IJC>
Enriched food
~\w.
Gale
~~
Community health worker
~J-~
Aggressiveness
Oxyology
Elements at risk
Immunodeficiency
~I
~~~
~~I)-I ~
.,b-U ......,..ll r" t::J I
if\:..
jy
Geneva Conventions
Zero option
Allergy
Deforestation
Disaster preparedness
Aborigine
I/'J) - J---i
~ .~~\
Reforestation
Intestinal diseases
~"... ....... ~i
Oral rehydration salts, 1$,rAl1 '~/il c.~i
ORS
CPR, Cardio-pulmonary I$.YJ ~ ';1...;\
resuscitation
.)\Ail
Rescue
AIDS
j~'jl
AGFUND, Ar~b Gulf i.j""~1 ~I (t'~.I.
Fund for Umted
r-)'I ..:...I)z;.. rs.l.l
Nations Development 4iJ'jl •..;....;:ll
Expanded Programme ~ t"}1 (t'~.r.J1
on Immunization
Glasshouse effect
Chartering
Dehydration
Consolidation
~
Disaster mitigation
4:)lSJl ;;'UoJ ~
Accumulation
rS'1J
Afforestation
~
Chernobyl
,*,Y'?
Immunization
~
Bilateral cooperation
I)l:.! .JJw
Torture
~..w
Commodity rate
...... l>. ~.;N
Food fortification
.1"w1.i..f'
Oral rehydration rAll
.:.r J~I ../L!yU
Demurrage
~t...;'J1 '4l1 ../L!yU
Assessment
~ - .l.J.A;
GLA WARS Commission j)JW- 4:J.-.l.;4i
report
WHOPAX Report
vS4r .I.;4i
Alternative technology
~~I~)~I
.JJ\l1 ~)~I
Appropriate technology
Transboundary pollution ~J~I.#' ~);
c? ,-
J!»
179
Soya-fortified cornmeal ~~4 oj.i'" ijl ~J
Eating unit
iW, o-u-J
Family unit
~~ i-u-J
Genetics
.;..~GJ
Communications re.;..'1~'J1 JL,.J
sources
Prevention
~liJ
Chemoprophylaxis
4JL...S
- - - ....li~
Incidence
"!"'J-u- - ttJ
Voluntary agency
~.,J. 4llSJ
Donor agency
~\"41lSJ
Crater
....)1 'i}>- ,ioAAJ
Yam
~ u.~ - i~
Yaws
jy'
180
Food shortage
Undernutrition
Hypovitaminosis
Technology transfer
Food pattern
Migration
Emigration
Immigration
Wastage
Emaciation
Sanitary engineering
Tropical air
Cholera
Epidemic
~~\l1 ~
~.1.:l1 ~
';"l:.:-~"lI~
~)~I j4;
iW,1 J..C
if.'"
if.'"
i..li ~ U L;.ll Of.'"
~~ - j-IA
JIj.>
~"""..o
I:?)..lo -~
~
-4J
Emigrant
.r.lf..o
Immigrant
..li~ Gl>..ll.r.lf..o
Illegal immigrant
~j\i ;:i- .r.lf..o
Evacuee
~
Foodstuff
~I..i&. )~
Health resources
~)J~
Natural resources
~)J~
Food resources
~I..i&. )J~
Wave
~y
Seismic sea wave
4~j ~~ ~y
Shock wave
~..I...<>~y
Tsunami
~""J~~Y
Storm wave
44.,..~ ~Y
Ground swell
4.l~
i.>.'.Y
•
u.s
.
Ocean wave
. . "":"y
Tidal wave
J.f.-I ~y - ..ul ~y
Rainy season
}k...\l1 r y
Dry season
";'~I r Y
Monsoon season
~I c.~)1 r:y
Pledging conference
..::..~.r,.:ll .J~l.f;'"
Social indicators
~~I"::"I.r!-;'"
Food and nutrition ~..i;.:J~ ~..i&.\l1 "::"I.r!-;'"
indicators
Nutritional indicators
~J.1.; ..::..I.r!-;'"
Food availability in~WaJI)j ..::..I.r!-;'"
dicators
Nutritional state in~J..i;.:J1 ;J~I ..::..I.r!-;'"
dicators
Risk indicator
).>..II.,.!;'"
Habitat
yy
Surface water
~.\...
Waste water
~.lz.o
Gross national product, J~)'I if.,Al1 ~WI
GNP
Displaced persons, DP
.JJ>"j~
Defoliant
po!Jl JGJi t:!~
Vector
Ji~
Spring
Ridge
~~ •.fJ
~
'
Oceanic ridge
..
:r'
High pressure ridge
..lai...Al1 c!..r' •.fJ
Armed conflict
c:L- t.i)
Radioactivity
-rt.....:.l .lot.:.;
Nuclear activity
~Jj .lot.:.;
Ecosystem
.;-:-? I ~ ua.:J I
~L. ..::..~\A;
Effluent
t
..
Tide coefficient
J.f.-~ ..ul Jot....
4;l,.)'1 J~
Fatality
WI}I J~
Morbidity rate
Birth rate
-lzlYI J~
..::..t;:i}1 J~
Mortality rate
..::..t;:i}1 J~
Death rate
Food aid
~I..i&. ~.J""
Orderly departure
~'J)\A..
~J)\l1 ....J\.A..
Drug resistance
Magnitude (of
(J~)I 'j) )1..lA..
earthquake)
Tephra
'-::i~ ..::..IiJ.ll.
Beaufort scale
Jjy, ..,..L:ADouglas scale
..,..WJ) ..,..L:ARichter scale
~.) ..,..L:AMercalli scale
JllS"'..r' ..,..L:APest control
~~I wtS:..
.!.-j..
Pollutant
Representative
Jf
Pathogenic
./r
Climate
•
C.'l:...
Equatorial climate
I)lf-I tl:...
Maritime climate
~~ tl:...
Mountain climate
~'l:...
.' C.
Continental climate
~)\i tl:...
Tropical climate
~).M tl:...
Monsoon climate
cry tl:...
..j-l:...
Climatography
~).M Jl.l:...
Tropical zones
Depression
...,..w..:...
Equatorial depression
Jlf-I...,..w..:...
Tropical depression
~).M ...,..w..:...
Central depression
~?..r'...,..w..:...
Delegate
'-:"J..\.:..A
Sea level
~I~,-:,,~
,-:",,>-yr.- - Jj\,) I )lk.:...
Seismoscope
c::.~\l1 .J.Jj 4.Al.;...
Wave-generating area
J>-UI4.Al.;...
Sahelian zone
~\i~4.Al.;...
Semi-arid zone
J~ .J..A..,;. 4.Al.;...
High pressure area
~14.Al.;...
Fracture zone
Voluntary organization,
~;.~
Non-governmental orga- ....
. ~ .#.~
nization NGO
Manioc
..::..~
Migrant
.r.lf..o
181
Flood tide
~L..o .l.o
Shanty town
t~I~.l.o
Morbidity
~~
Communal facilities
¥~..;;~
Cost-benefit
....A:l~1 ~J~r
Thermograph
4..J1r ~r
Seismograph
.,jl/Yf-- - Jj~)1 ~r
Zoonosis
J..\...4l1 ~I,,:> ../'r
Communicable disease
~JL... ../'r
Endemic disease
Joy ../'r
Infectious disease ~../'r - ~.;.... ../'r
Sleeping sickness
r'p i ../'r
Refugee processing centre ~')I.I .)L&:;I:f'r
Hypocentre
..;i- :f'r
Transit centre
~jl,;ll :f'r
Seismic epicentre
~J\II '~I:f'r
Patient
"";"'r
K-2 mix
~J~I ~r JI~ ~f'
Geodetics
~I <>.WI
Technical assistance
4.:.A; '~L.,...
International assistance
4J~ .~L.,...
Probe
JL.......
Space probe
JL.,.i;Jl:-Catchment area
.~
Aquiculture
~Lo t.~f-'
Emergency health ~I ~JI#I ';"LoJ:..-kit
Recipient
Reservoir of infection
I.SJ..w1 t:Y-'
4..r.
• a·
Human settlement
'r-'
Standard of living
~I I.SY-'
Socio-economic,survey ,p~1 if~1 ~
Food consumptIOn sur- ~~')II !l')l.,:.-I ~
vey
Household survey
Full cream milk
powder
Cancerogenic
Carcinogenic
Dwelling
Source
J..\..,a.o
Source of infection
I.SJ..w1 J..\..,a.o
Food additive
~1~;';1..,4..
Cyclonic rain
I$Jwl )0..Disinfectant
~
Water treatment
01.;11 ~t....
.r--t-'
182
:.r.
:.r.
:.r.
:.r.
Recognized refugee
~ ,j;....
~
Convention refugee ~ ')1.11 4LA;~ lAiJ ')I
Protocol refugee ~ ')1.11 J"s-jJ~ lAiJ ~
Statutory refugee 4J..u1 .;.,1..u.U lAiJ ')I
Dried whole milk
~ J-lS" ~
Dried full cream milk ~ ..ul 1.lS" '_I
'r
..r <J!-'
Dried skimmed milk
~ ~~ ~
Territorial asylum
~)'I ~~~ .,;..
Diplomatic asylum
~Lo~~ .,;..
Vaccine
c.L4l
Cholera vaccine
~I ..1.,00 c.L4l
Paragrapher
~lAil .;.J
Logistics
.;.,~~I.l.ol - .;.,4)
Drinking water
,-:"rJl .Lo
Potable water
c:'L..o .Lo
Donor
CLo
Principle of non~')I.II ~> i..ls- I~
refoulement
Herbicide
,-:,,\.!s.\II ..I.:-:-Ovicide
.;.,L..,:JI ..I.:-:-Bactericide
r-i)-I..I.:-:-Insecticide
';"~I..I.:-:-­
Miticide
<.:..)1..1.:-:-- - ...,.r-'I ..I.:-:-Fungicide
)oA.I1..I.:-:-Virucide
.;.,L...J.r.Al 1 ..I.:-:-Acaricide
~I}JI ..I.:-:-Rodenticide
..,.0);.11 ..I.:-:-Molluscicide
~1,4l1 ..I.:-:-Pesticide
i~l..I.:-:-Donee
Endemic
Joy
Famine
~~
Community
~
Society
~
Conurbation
1$,rO> ~
Industrial complex
ifL..: ~
Earth station
~)~
ili:.:,. 4...P
Mobile land station
. :;i ~
Space station
~L..ii ~
Food taboo
~I~';"~~
Hydrosphere
Jlli ¥I
Oceanic
~
Stockpile
J'L;.;>-I ~JjN - J'L;.;>-I .JjN
Starvation
~
~r'\l1 ..\1.1
Black tide
Tide
J.f.-~ ..\1.1
,-:"ru
.r-
International Humani- ~L...;)'I J,...ul ..JjlAJI
tarian Law
Disaster act
":"')~I..Jj\i
Protrusive dome
4:;~ '-:Jts:r. ~
Purchasing power
~'.r!- .)"u
Piracy
~)
Taro
...,.Wi
Pediculosis
Jl..i
Louse infestation
Jl..i
Fusion bomb
~l,.JjI 4l:J
~.) u....:.; 1 u.:.;
Fission bomb
.
Atomic bomb
~.) ~ u.:.;
.
A-bomb
~w~ u.:.;
.
Hydrogen bomb
4J)'('o' 4l:J
H-bomb
4J).(.O,~
Force
''';
Tide generating force
...u.1 .I:lj ''';
Wind force
c.~)1 ''';
Diet
~,,;
Dietetics
~t;;,;J1
Pluviometry
) ll...\1 1 ...,.l:i
Telemetry
~ .:r ...,.l;Al1
Disaster
Catastrophe
~)IS"
Man-made disaster
~l:..L...,.:.1 ~)IS"
Slow disaster
~~IS"
.. ')
__ I.t:'·
IS"
Technological disaster
.''Y~
')
Natural disaster
~~IS"
... ')
Creeping disaster
~~)IS"
Biomass
~.r. .i.l:S'"
Population density
'-:JLS:... ~~
Dune
~
Stress
~~l- .l..,..... - '-:'.?
Tetanus
jl;S"
Rickets
c.l..S"'
Cassava
~L:5'
Kala-azar
)~'%'
Rainfall amount
,..kil ~
Kwashiorkor
)~r- I§'
Hydatid cyst
~.JI..\&o '"--?
Refugee
~'i
De jure refugee
~~'i
Refugee sur place ~)llaJl .jJ./lSJl ~ ~'i
De facto refugee
~t"ll ~ ~'i
Mandate refugee
~:b...ul ~W.L
'i
~
:.r.
Gust
u.Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, ..J\#.;...l1S" ~
BCG
Meteorology
Pathology
Ecology
Demography
Geomorphology
Radioastronomy
Oceanology
Climatology
Hydrology
Radioactive half-life
River blindness
Trace elements
')).r-\.:s.
Voluntary repatria- ~"lo .y - ~.J~I '~r
tion
Nutritional deficiency
4?J~ jr
Ariboflavinosis
~~~)Ijr
'I 0:-~1 jr
Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin B deficiency
'-:' 0:-~1 jr
Vitamin B2 deficiency
,'-:' 0:-~1 jr
Vitamin C deficiency
C 0:-~1 jr
Vitamin deficiency,
~l.:.:-~Ijr
Aid
..Jr
($J.S.
Nutrient
~y'\l1 4?~1 .j;W1
Ionosphere
Stratosphere
4?.r.kJI .j~1
~ L,.O.,lI .;;
Incubation period
($J...wl .;;
Communicable period
~L4J1 .;;
Effective life
j)
Triage
Overnutrition, hypernutrition ~..\.o.:ll .l.)
.J.;....oJ1.l.)
Overpressure
Disaster team
":"')~I ~1y.,Y.,)
Season
J..oi
Coccidioidomycosis
I,l~..f)u.;
Anaemia, anemia
i...ul ;;
Fluoridation
'))'
Virus
Overflow
Flood
Sea floor
Sea bed
Law of the sea
r-r. -
183
Health
~
Food hygiene
~~\rl ~
Environmental health
~I ~
Public health
~rs ~ - ... ~ ~
Frost
~
Magma
')~
Disaster victim
":"')~I ~b.....;
Atmospheric pressure
I.$.r.- J.;...;
Wasting
)~
4,.,:-l;......\.1 .
Climatic control
.
'r'"
Plague
.Jyu,
Pack ice
~~ ~u,
Nuclear energy
~Jj ~u,
Topography
~w.
Hydrography
~w.
Refoulement
~~l - ~;.
Protective food
i./'b- iW.
Staple food
~) iW.
Conventional food
~ iW.
Food
ol~ - iW.
Fortified food
j.i'-" iW.
Unaccompanied minor
Ji!r .JJ~ J.ik
Request for disaster
":"')~I -:;...\;.,.... ~
assistance
Alluvium
Returnee
Food habits
~I~ -:;...b~
Storm
........ ~
Squall
........ ~
Ice storm
~ ........ ~
Blizzard
~ ........ ~
Thunderstorm
~~) ........ ~
Advective thunderstorm ~'I ~~) ........ ~
Cold front thunderstorm '~)4 ~~) ........ ~
Convective thunderstorm
Frontal thunderstorm
~ ~~) ........ ~
Air mass thunderstorm ~I.,.to ~~) ........ ~
Dust bowl
~)u. ........ ~
Tropical storm
4".;1..1.0 ........ ~
Magnetic storm
~ ........ ~
Well-being
4.i~
Density factor
.r.s';JIJ-~
Surge
Open sea
184
Earthquake
Seism
Ethnic group
Social group
Vulnerable group
Dust devil
Genetic aberration
Coast
Littoral
Sahel
Ionospheric sounding
Jl)j
Jl)j
.
~I-·
,"/')
~~I '/,j
's-~ '/,j
4.:-)
~Jj
e;j
J~J
j>-L..
j>-L..
j>-L..
...';"1 J~I .r.-I
-
,j.J';.\r1
Prisoner
~
Stratus cloud
.r-,-:,b.....
Glowing cloud
~p~b.....
Nuee ardente
~p~b.....
Falling cloud
~t.. ~b.....
Dam
...\....
Dyke
.r.b- -I.$~...\....
Whooping cough
J.,...w. ,..;...~ Jl......
Amplitude tidal range ))-~ ..ul Jlla; ~
Marasmus
Nutritional marasmus
I.$Jj;.;
Syphilis
..,.JA....
4.J.,\.4....
Fallout
Spill
""'Ii-~
Communal dwelling
if.~ .:f.--.
Food safety
~~~I"'~
..\,. ?-4LL
Cold chain
Behaviour
!l)..Social behaviour
if~1 !l).Toxicology
-:;...t;...,......J1
Malnutrition
~..i;.:)1 'r'
Protein-calorie
-:;...~~ ~J..,.JL ~..i;.:)1 Or'
malnutrition
Protein-energy
malnutrition
Sovereignty
'.)L..
1 -I·
Ciguatera
~~
Gonorrhoea
.J~
Vulnerable person
..,..-"""~
Intensity
o~
Intertidal
))-~ ..ul ~ ~WI ~r'1
Chromosome
~
Desert
o~
.r.r-
Ascariasis
(,-",)t5:....'11»)...al1 .b
Hydatid disease
I$)..wl .1J.l1
Deficiency disease
j.,J1 .b
River blindness
I$fiJl ~I .b
Rabies
-....JSJI .b
Hydatidosis
~.JI..w1 ..:...L..$JI .b
Cysticercosis
~.lll ..:...L..$JI .b
Leishmaniasis
":"'l::'~1 .b
Visceral leishmaniasis I$.,..:J-I ":"'l::'~1 .b
Trypanosomiasis
..:...~I .b
African trypanosomiasis .j.}'11 ":"'~I .b
Echinococcosis
·..:...I.)'".,r!ll .b
Schistosomiasis
..:...l4.!J.1 .b
Vulnerability study
""';.,..:.11 -.>J..o ~G~
Goitre, goiter
JG~
Degree of adaptability ~ ~L4J1 ~)~
Civil defence
~J..o t.li~
Ash flow
~\")I Ji~
Delta
l:b
Nutritional cachexia
I$JJ;.; ~~
Motivation
)~ - ~~~
Vortex
4.~~
Dust whirl
~'i 4.~~
Sand whirl
4--) 4.~~
Hookworm
~1'~JJ.l1
Crop rotation
~~ ')p
Population dynamics
~t5:......:...~~
Sorghum
.~ - i~.r" .)~
~..r .)~
Durra
Toxin
.:,,~~
Exodus
U j - j:>-)
Monitoring
..!..,.»
Disease monitoring
""';1,.0'11 ..!..,.»
Continental shelf
-.»i~)
Primary health care
~J'11 ~I ~~)I
Ash fall
J..jL....:.l.1 ~\..)I
Irrigation
1$)
Onshore wind
. t..l!J1 ..
~
<..r
,....- JI• C·)
Trade wind
~)~ C~)
Offshore wind
:>l!J1 ~ , f C~.J
Monsoon
~",.. C~)
Winter monsoon
~~~",.. C~)
Summer monsoon
~~",.. C~)
Wind
~)
Dysentery
)l>-j
Bacillary d ysen tery
I$~ )l>-j
Radiation protection
Refugee protection
Bartonellosis
Typhoid fever
Rocky Mountain
spotted fever
Rickettsial fever
Yellow fever
.I)....>~
..!,.l:..,.;J1~
Dengue
Dengue haemorrhagic
~)I..!,.l:..,.;JI~
fever
Qfever
~~
Lassa fever
L... 'Y ~
Catchment basin
~ ..,..;",.Watershed
...J~I ..,..;",.Drainage basin
"';'~I ..,..;",.Hydrological basin
River basin
fiJI ..,..;",.Slum dwelling
.1}4l1
Expert
.J::':"Services
;~) - ..:...\....\:>Risk map
)lla>-\'1 ~.r'Weather map
~I ~.r'Isotherm
.)}.I 1$/""':; .1,.:.
Terrestrial longitude
~)'11 J.,kll .1,.:.
Latitude
.
..,..;,.,JI.1,.:.
Corn-soya blend
~~~ ')..ill .1.f.:Corn-soya milk
~~ ~~~ ')..ill .1.f.:Instant corn- ~~ ~~~ .)..ill , f I$)} .1.f.:soya milk
ICSM
~~ ~~~ .)..ill , f -.»} .1.f.:Wheat-soya blend
~~~ ~I .1.f.:Wheat-soya milk
~~ ~~~ ~I .1.f.:Infection
-.>J.Js. - ~
Diphtheria
JWI
Amoebiasis
..:...L...'11 .b
Onchocerciasis (""";..ill ~')IS") ..ss-.r"~'ll .b
Bartonellosis
';"')\:ij.r.J1 .b
Brucellosis
';"~J.r.J1 .b
Leptospirosis
';"1:'.;:-11 .I~
Filariasis
~)'Y.:Al1 .I~ - .;..~I .1)
Ankylostomiasis
~I ':"1~J.l1 .b
Salmonellosis
';"')\:irU l .b
Chagas' disease
..r'~L.!. .b
Taeniasis
.;..~.rJ1 .1)
Shigellosis
';"~I .b
J\.. . ,. ;",...r
185
Global frequency
iWI ).,:)1
Endemicity
Settlement
~p-~j
Life expectancy
0~1 uWj
Damage forecasting
;WJI uWj
Typhus
..r~
Typhus exanthematicus
r..r~
Tick-borne typhus
~1}J4 J~ ..r~
Trinitrotoluene, TNT
..:01.,:)1 ..:......;:, ..:.Jl:
Eruption
';G;
Arid
J>li -.j~
Smallpox
<.$)~
Scabies
"':"'..r.
Collective dose
~IJ.I ~)-I
Lethal dose 50, LD-50
...:..,..JJ 4lili ~..r.
Maximum acceptable ~.r.Al1 ,-,~I ~)-I
dosage
Retained dose
0~1 ~)-I
Absorbed dose
~I~)-I
War wounded
"':"'? ~..r.
Ebb
)?
Atoll
~~/' o./.?
•
• '1'
Biogeography
"..~ '!'/"':"
Drought
"':"'~ - .b..i - .j~
Aridity
Jri -.j~
Xerophthalmia
;J.&l.1.j~
Anthrax
~lo~1
Fund raising
u~~I~
Population
.;\5:.. - .~
Atmosphere
Hunger
Barrier
~I.M;....I ul~ ;,il>Susceptible case
Emergency
';)1)0 ;,il>- - ~)u. ;,il><1J\.>..... ;,il>Contact case
Suspect case
~ ;,il>Carrier
Jol>Soya-fortified
~.,....J4 oj;-.ll 0)...\)1 u~
sorghum grits
Trachoma
Quarantine
..".- .r:->
Crowd
i I>-j - ..I.!.>
Measles
~
Ration
-.....0>Food ration
'-:Sus~
International protection
<:JJ~ ~I.>
.»j
Botulism
. •
.
~J r-'
Disaster legislation
~)~I u~.r;
Hygiene
~I .Job. - ~
Environmental hygiene
~I ~
Desertification
~
Sliding fault
J'i)1 t.J..,:lj
Transform fault
if.'; t.J..,:lj
Drainage
~~
Disinfection
~
Technical cooperation
~ ';Jw
Technical cooperation ';1-ll:!1 ~ ~ ';JW
among developing countries ,-:-WI
Vulnerability
...,;~
Denudation
~~
Food fortification
iWa.l1 j.)'J
Steriliza tion
~
~.,..;
Habituation
... ..iA;
Nutrition
Artificial feeding
~l:...,.. ~..iA;
Emergency feeding
~~ ~..iA;
~I
.•
Environmental change
•. P.'"
Nuclear reaction
<.$JY ~LA;
Volcanic eruption
~~~
;WJI./...!.A;
Damage assessment
~lkIl ./...!.A;
Energy assessment
Integration
Jo~
Conditioning
..:4
Adaptation
i j ')\;
Vaccination
~
Contamination
.!.>};
Radioactive contamination i f IA.; l .!.>};
• ';"I.!.>};
Atmospheric pollution
Air pollution
.~I.!.>};
Oil pollution
":""")4 ~};
.;lS:....JI"""";l:.i
Depopulation
Forecast
r,.;
Weather forecast
~~u~
River forecast
'-:S\..ou~
Tide forecast
))-~..u.1 u~
Climatological forecast
~l;...u~
TNT
Organization of activities
4.la..!.;\11 ~
Human development
~A"."":';
Development
)P-~
Rural development
~.J~
Biological equilibrium
<.$~ ';jlj
186
Anthropic erosion
~I~':"~
Wind erosion
c.UI ~.:..~
Continental erosion ~).-I J-I"JI ~ .:..~
Soil erosion
~;JI .:..~
Typhoon warning
)~ '11 ,j'.l.jj.
Cyclone warning
)~'11 ,j'.l.jj.
Hurricane warning
)~ '11 ,j'.l.jj.
Gale warning
~WI ,j'.l.jj.
Storm warning
~WI ,j'.l.jj.
Population mobility
~tS:..... ':"lS'.J
Sanitary improvement ~I J~'ll ~
U rbaniza tion
~
Nephanalysis
'-?>":"~
Cost-effectiveness
...:..:J~~~WI~
analysis
Cost-benefit analysis
...:..:J~I ~J~J' ~
Resource planning and
~)I}I ~J ~
development
Damage mitigation
)~'ll ~
Disinfestation
)L!.:>- '11 ,j' ~I
Disinfection
)L!.:>-'11 ,j' ~I
Natural resource manage- ~I ~)I}I ~..Ij
ment
Fumigation
.J)..Ij
Tuberculosis
Lava flow
~lS'.r.J1 ~I ";;..Ij
Lahar
~";;..Ij
Soil
~j
Precipitation
,-:-,j
Lixiviation
~-~j
Surveillance
~~ -,;..,..j
Disease surveillance
.,...~'ll ,;..,..j
Age profile
,-?.,..,JI ~;JI
Maximum acceptable
Jr."ll ~'ll j:S';J1
concentration
Population concentration
JtS:..... h
Demographic concentration
JtS:..... h
Ground level con- .,...)'ll ,:la... >S';--- ~ h
centration
Organization of leisure
Fall
Precipitation
,-:-,j-J.iL;
Harnessing
~
Radiation toxicity
iflA.!-l ~
Ciguatera
I~~~
JI~
Food poisoning
.
r--'.
Transmission [of infection] <>SJ..wI) JlA:;1
)UI
Recession
Shore profile
J>-WI ')>"" - J>WI ~I
J'1jl
Mudslide
Rock slide
'-?.?- J'1)1
Earth flow
~ J'1)1
Humanitarian
JWl
"';'1},1 - Jl:-'I
Drift
Siting
~j - .l.!.;!
))1.-- - ~.,..ail
Semaphore
.))-1 iJ' I5:..i I
Temperature inversk n
Life support
'~I ~li.il
Glowing avalanche
~p)41
) 4 1 - )l::r l
Avalanche
Jl::r I
Landslide
Sheltering
'~l
Scurvy
j,Y..;_.'I Nomad
YJ' ,-?J.J.J.
~.J')\,.. - .I~.I.
Malaria
Bulghur
J&-.I.
Soja-fortified bulghur
~.,...J4 r...l.o J&-.I.
Volcano
.J~
: l. .J~
Strato-volcano
..r
.I.
Supplementary feeding ~I~~I
.. . c:- l;'/.
programme
Protein
.:.t;J.I.
Fish protein concentrate .1')1 !l~'ll .:.t;J.I.
Beri-beri
'-?.I. '-?.I.
BCG
(:iJ'.~
Oil slick
~j~
.plll ~
Country of asylum
JJ'l1 .plll ~
Country of first asylum
Country of second asylum J\!JI .plll ~
Pellagra
?~ -·ft
Bilharzia
'-:-~
Pinta
~
Environment
4~I· .'t;
Cumulative effect
~'.I.J':'
e't;
Chartering
~1..u..:....1 - ,-,,'t;
Preparedness
~~'ll .. 't;
Food ionization
•
-.r.-!
Food refrigeration
~~'ll .J.J.~
...:.;\:;
Acculturation
Health education
..r-~
Stripping
&1 -.l.J..J..
JS'\; - .:..~
Erosion
c:.
187
Typhoon
\o?)..lo )L.=l
Cyclone
~} )L.=l
Twister
i.f'~) )L.=l
Non-tropical cyclone
\o?)..lo ~ )L.=l
Tropical cyclone
\o?)..lo ~} )L.=l
Willy-willy
\o?)..lo)L.=l
Anticyclone
) l.,4.. ) L.= l
Subtropical anticyclone
Semi-permanent anti- {-..I.:..,.... ~ )l.,4.. )L.=l
cyclone
Continental anticyclone \o?)li ) l.,4.. )L.= l
Declaration of disaster ~) I,S0I 4ll>- .:" ')I&.l
Rehabilitation
J..-'l; - )If.l
Relief
~\&.l
Emergency relief
~~ ~\&.l
Food relief
41~ ~\&.l
Rural economy
~)I ";"~)L..ci')ll
Acclimatization
Wii
Minorities
..;..lJji
Cerebrospinal meningitis ~I ~b.....J1 ,-:",I,:ll
u.b.:J1
Hepatitis
~I '-:"'trll
Infectious hepatitis
\o?..wl ~I ",:"I,:ll
Encephalitis
t.L....u1 ,-:",I,:ll
Poliomyelitis
t.b.:J1 ~~ ",:"I,:ll
Viral hepatitis
IoF'J.r.-Al 1 ~I ,-:",I,:ll
Viral hepatitis
'-:"' J I IoF'UAJI ~I ,-:",I,:ll
Aand B
Serum hepatitis
J--oll ~I ,-:",I,:ll
Absorption
<.J"'l.,a:..1
Venereal disease (VD)
<'J"j ~,-"i
Diarrhoeal disease
J~'11 ~,-"i
Parasitic diseases
¥~'-"~
Enteric diseases
<,."... ~'-"I
Pathogenicity
~I
.. 'f,I
Safety at sea
\o?~1 0"")'1
Storm surge
)··"s-l - ;.t... ~ C1>,:1
Productivity
~l;.;1
Prevalence
)l!..;;1
188
..;..~I o)4l
Disinsection
~ .y JL..a;')I1
Telecommunication
Deflation
.Yl - ...,.t>:;1
Evacuation
·~l- ·~l
)~I
Infestation
..;..l.:-l;:>1
Needs
Nutritional requirements <,J...\;.; ..;..l.:-l;:>1
Energy requirements
~u.JI0" ..;..l.:-l;:>')II
Sea conditions
<,~I J~")'1
Hijacking
.j1.la::>1
Rising tide
..ul t.LA;)
Swell
,-:",y-:ll t.LA;):
Allergen
(;i
Archipelago
~)
Tideland
..ul ~)
Radioactive decontami- ..r~')I1 w}:ll 4l~l
nation
..;..4WI 4l~1
Deforestation
AquicuIture
JL.. t.~;-.-I
Remote sounding
~ .y )lA.!,;....1
Seismic sounding
'-:J~)I ..;..~l.!'1" t.~1
Meteorological sounding J~")'1 t.~1
<,}.-I
.l:J,1 J')\A;...,I
Water harnessing
Household
~ ori
<.:I,k-i
Roller
J) .jlA...l
First aid
Diarrhoea
J~l
",:"l::5'"I-i.~1
Contribution
Housing
.:"l>:..l
Prisoner of war
'-:"'?.r.-.'I
Cosmic radiation
.J.,s- t.~l
Transmission (of infection) <-')J"WI) J\A,.;I
Radiation injury
~~l~~l
Sanitation
C~l
~ - .UI o)~1
Reconstruction
)If.l - ./.."k:ll o)~1
Redevelopment
High seas
)~I J~i
Tornado
Hurricane
S.W.A.GUNN
MULTILINGUAL DICTIONARY
OF
DISASTER MEDICINE
AND
INTERNATIONAL RELIEF
.
J.
Kluwer Academic Publishers
Dordrecht / Boston / London
·
cJ.
~.i·J·if
S.W.A.GUNN
J}ll •.)-1
~~ I
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ifl:AJ1 ..:...1...l>J
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