Collapse View

Collapse View
Version 12.0
Trademark Notice
Bentley and the "B" Bentley logo are either registered or unregistered trademarks or service
marks of Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All other marks are the property of their respective
owners.
Copyright Notice
Copyright © 2018, Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
2
3
4
5
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1
OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ............................................................................................................. 6
GETTING STARTED ................................................................................................................................ 8
2.1
CREATING THE COLLAPSE RESULTS FILE ....................................................................................... 8
2.2
BEGINNING A COLLAPSE VIEW SESSION ....................................................................................... 8
2.3
EXITING THE COLLAPSE VIEW SESSION ......................................................................................... 8
FILE FEATURES ...................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1
OPEN ............................................................................................................................................. 9
3.2
SAVE NPF AS .................................................................................................................................. 9
3.3
SETTINGS ....................................................................................................................................... 9
3.4
PLOT .............................................................................................................................................. 9
3.4.1
Screen.................................................................................................................................... 9
3.4.2
Title ....................................................................................................................................... 9
3.5
PAGE SETUP .................................................................................................................................. 9
3.6
EXPORT.......................................................................................................................................... 9
3.7
EXIT................................................................................................................................................ 9
DISPLAY FEATURES ............................................................................................................................. 10
4.1
ACTIVE/ISOMETRIC ..................................................................................................................... 10
4.2
FACE ............................................................................................................................................ 10
4.3
PLAN ............................................................................................................................................ 10
4.4
PLANE .......................................................................................................................................... 10
4.4.1
Joints ................................................................................................................................... 10
4.4.2
XY Plane............................................................................................................................... 11
4.4.3
XZ Plane ............................................................................................................................... 11
4.4.4
YZ Plane ............................................................................................................................... 11
4.4.5
XY Volume ........................................................................................................................... 11
4.4.6
XZ Volume ........................................................................................................................... 11
4.4.7
YZ Volume ........................................................................................................................... 11
4.4.8
Reset Volume ...................................................................................................................... 11
4.5
SELECT ......................................................................................................................................... 11
4.6
RESET SELECT .............................................................................................................................. 12
4.7
LABELING..................................................................................................................................... 12
4.8
ROTATE........................................................................................................................................ 12
4.9
‘2 LINE’ ........................................................................................................................................ 13
4.10 SHADING ..................................................................................................................................... 13
4.11 ZOOM BOX .................................................................................................................................. 13
4.12 UNZOOM ..................................................................................................................................... 13
4.13 VIEW ............................................................................................................................................ 13
4.14 DEFLECTION FACTOR .................................................................................................................. 13
LOAD STEP FEATURES......................................................................................................................... 14
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5.1
SPECIFIC....................................................................................................................................... 14
5.2
NEXT ............................................................................................................................................ 14
5.3
PRIOR .......................................................................................................................................... 14
5.4
SKIP.............................................................................................................................................. 14
5.5
FIRST ............................................................................................................................................ 14
5.6
LAST ............................................................................................................................................. 14
5.7
AUTOVIEW .................................................................................................................................. 15
5.8
SHOW GRAPH.............................................................................................................................. 15
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JOINT FEATURES ................................................................................................................................. 16
6.1
DETAILS ....................................................................................................................................... 16
6.2
DISPLACEMENT ........................................................................................................................... 16
6.3
FIND............................................................................................................................................. 16
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MEMBER FEATURES ........................................................................................................................... 17
7.1
DETAILS ....................................................................................................................................... 17
7.2
FIND............................................................................................................................................. 17
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PLATE FEATURES ................................................................................................................................ 18
8.1
DETAILS ....................................................................................................................................... 18
8.2
FIND............................................................................................................................................. 18
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REPORT FEATURES ............................................................................................................................. 19
9.1
JOINT ........................................................................................................................................... 19
9.1.1
Displacement ...................................................................................................................... 19
9.1.2
Forces .................................................................................................................................. 19
9.1.3
Capacity ............................................................................................................................... 19
9.2
MEMBER ..................................................................................................................................... 20
9.2.1
Stresses ............................................................................................................................... 20
9.2.2
Internal Loads...................................................................................................................... 20
9.2.3
Strains ................................................................................................................................. 20
9.3
PLATE........................................................................................................................................... 20
9.3.1
Stresses ............................................................................................................................... 20
9.4
PILE .............................................................................................................................................. 20
9.4.1
Displacement ...................................................................................................................... 20
9.4.2
Internal Load ....................................................................................................................... 20
9.4.3
Capacity ............................................................................................................................... 20
9.5
LOAD SUMMATION ..................................................................................................................... 20
9.6
WORK .......................................................................................................................................... 20
9.6.1
Modeling Impact Events ..................................................................................................... 21
9.6.2
Displacement-driven Method ............................................................................................. 21
9.6.3
Force-driven Method .......................................................................................................... 22
9.7
HISTORY ...................................................................................................................................... 22
10 GRAPH FEATURES ............................................................................................................................... 23
10.1 DEFINE AXES ................................................................................................................................ 23
10.2 FORMAT ...................................................................................................................................... 24
10.2.1 Graph Title........................................................................................................................... 24
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10.2.2 Major Grid Lines .................................................................................................................. 24
10.2.3 Tick Marks ........................................................................................................................... 24
10.2.4 Axis Label............................................................................................................................. 24
11 WINDOW FEATURES........................................................................................................................... 25
12 HELP FEATURES .................................................................................................................................. 26
12.1 CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................... 26
12.2 SACS WEB SITE ............................................................................................................................ 26
12.3 ABOUT COLLVUE ......................................................................................................................... 26
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
The collapse analysis view program, called Collapse View (Collvue), is an interactive graphics post
processor that allows for the reviewing of nonlinear analysis results in the same environment as Precede
and Postvue. The program allows for viewing of deflected shapes, including the displacement of element
sub-segments, and the gradual plastification of elements for any load increment. The program also
provides extensive plot and report capabilities that allow for the structure elasto-plastic history and
failure mechanism to be represented graphically or in report form.
Collapse View requires a collapse analysis results or “restart” file, created by the Collapse program
module. The results file contains all collapse analysis information required to execute the Collapse View
program including analysis results and most model information. In addition to the collapse analysis
restart or results file, a SACS model file may also be specified to be read by the Collapse View program.
The SACS model file is only required if views, faces or plans defined in the model are to be used or if two
line representation of non-tubular members is desired
Note: If a model file is to be input along with a collapse analysis restart file, the model file should be
specified as the second file on the command line.
Output from Collapse View consists of plot files and report files. Plot files may be output in SACS NPF.
Report files are generated as ASCII text files.
1.2 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Before executing Collapse View for the first time, the SACS system configuration file should be
generated using the SACS Executive. Collapse View accesses the configuration file name “configg.sac”
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defined by environmental variable “SACGCFG”. Data from the configuration file is used in all subsequent
executions and may be edited using the SACS Executive. If the configuration file is not found or if the file
does not exist, the Collapse View program will exit with a “configuration file not found” error message.
Note: The environmental variable “SACGCFG” must contain the full path name of the configuration file
including the filename.
The configuration parameters used in Collapse View may be changed for the current session using the
File/Setup option.
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2 GETTING STARTED
2.1 CREATING THE COLLAPSE RESULTS FILE
The Collapse View interactive plastic analysis review program requires that analysis results and general
model information be stored in a collapse analysis results file (restart file). The Collapse program module
must be used to generate this file prior to initiating the Collapse View session.
2.2 BEGINNING A COLLAPSE VIEW SESSION
The Collapse View plastic analysis review session may also be started by selecting Collapse View from
the SACS Executive and selecting a collapse analysis restart file and the SACS model file. The Executive
will also prompt the user if all load steps or selected load steps are to be read into Collapse View.
Note: The model file name is optional and is required only if model views, faces or plans are to be used
and/or non-tubular cross sections are to be displayed using the double line feature.
2.3 EXITING THE COLLAPSE VIEW SESSION
Select the File/Exit menu command to exit the Collapse View session. If the plot and/or reports have
been created to a file, the plot and/or report are saved using the default file names.
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3 FILE FEATURES
3.1 OPEN
The Open command is used to import an existing Collapse analysis results or restart file.
3.2 SAVE NPF AS
This assigns the name to the Neutral Picture File.
3.3 SETTINGS
This allows the user to view the structure with 2 lines or shading. It also allows the timed wait for
Autoview and allows the user to omit a number of load steps from the end of the restart file, or read a
given number of steps from the start of restart file. The scale factor for zoom can also be set from this
option. The settings option also allows the user to label joint failures with a circle.
3.4 PLOT
3.4.1
Screen
The screen command plots the display window contents to the print device.
3.4.2
Title
Allows the user to assign a title to a plot.
3.5 PAGE SETUP
Allows the user to assign margins and draw borders around the margins and create color plots and also
to define character size.
3.6 EXPORT
Allows the user to save the file to the windows clip board in addition to a Neutral Picture Format, DXF
Format or as a Windows Meta File.
3.7 EXIT
This command is used to exit the Collapse results review session. Collapse View prompts the user to
save any reports or plots that were generated to a file that were not previously saved.
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4 DISPLAY FEATURES
4.1 ACTIVE/ISOMETRIC
The Active/Isometric command displays all active joints, members, plates and shells in a three
dimensional perspective view. If a display volume is set (see Section 4.4), then all active joints and
elements within the specified volume are displayed.
4.2 FACE
If the SACS model file was specified on the command line when beginning the Collapse View session, this
feature allows the user to select the plane of a predefined face to bedisplayed. An out of plane tolerance
may be entered in the property box.
Note: This feature requires that a model file be input into the Collapse View program in addition to the
Collapse results or restart file.
4.3 PLAN
This feature allows the user to select the plane of a predefined plan to be displayed. The desired plan is
selected from the property box. The out of plane tolerance may be entered in the property box.
Note: This feature requires that a model file be input into the Collapse View program in addition to the
Collapse results or restart file.
4.4 PLANE
The Plane display command activates the Display/Plane sub-menu allowing access to plane and volume
display commands. Planes or volumes containing joints that are located in the specified plane and/or
volume and any active member or plate elements connected to the joints are shown. The plane display
features allow for an out of plane tolerance to be specified in the property.
Note: Only member or plate elements that have all connecting joints shown are included on the display.
In addition to displaying volume contents, volume display features deactivate everything lying outside of
the specified volume. Therefore, once a volume is activated, the ResetVol option must be used to
display joints and elements lying outside of the volume(s) designated. The XY, XZ and YZ volume features
may be used in conjunction with each other to define cubes that are to be displayed.
4.4.1
Joints
A plane view may be defined by any three joints that are not aligned along a line, using this option. The
first two joints picked define the line used as the horizontal display axis of the plane. The third joint
picked is used to define plane to be displayed.
Note: The plane is displayed such that the line defined by the first two joints is aligned horizontally and is
displayed from left to right on the display.
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4.4.2
XY Plane
A global XY plane, defined by a global Z (vertical) coordinate input in the property box, may be displayed
using this feature. An out of plane tolerance may be specified with this option.
4.4.3
XZ Plane
A global XZ plane, defined by a global Y coordinate input in the property box, may be displayed using this
feature. An out of plane tolerance may be specified with this option.
4.4.4
YZ Plane
A global YZ plane, defined by a global X coordinate input in the property box, may be displayed using this
feature. An out of plane tolerance may be specified with this option.
4.4.5
XY Volume
A volume defined between two global XY planes may be designated for display using the XY Volume
feature. The volume is defined by the minimum and maximum global Z coordinates specified in the
property box and any XZ and/or YZ volumes already activated.
4.4.6
XZ Volume
A volume defined between two global XZ planes may be designated for display using the XZ Volume
feature. The volume is defined by the minimum and maximum global Y coordinates specified in the
property box and any XY and/or YZ volumes already activated.
4.4.7
YZ Volume
A volume defined between two global YZ planes may be designated for display using the YZ Volume
feature. The volume is defined by the minimum and maximum global X coordinates specified in the
property box and any XY and/or XZ volumes already activated.
4.4.8
Reset Volume
This option resets the volume range coordinates to the default values of -4 and 4 for XY, XZ and YZ
volumes.
4.5 SELECT
The Select option allows the user to select display options and to include and/or exclude portions of the
structure for display purposes.
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The display options check boxes are used to designate whether or not disconnected joints (joints with
no active members connected), members, member offsets, plates and plate offsets, shell elements are
to be displayed.
The Joint Ranges frame allows up to 4 joint ranges to be defined. Joint names within the specified ranges
may be designated to be either included or excluded from the display by selecting the Include or Exclude
button, respectively. When the joint ranges are designated as Included, only joints within the specified
ranges are active for display purposes. When the ranges are designated as Excluded, joints within the
specified ranges are deactivated or excluded for display purposes.
Up to 20 Member and/or plate groups may be specified to be included or excluded from the display.
When groups are designated as Included, only elements that have all incident joints active and are
assigned to one of the specified groups are considered active for display. When groups are designated as
Excluded, all elements assigned to one of the specified groups are excluded or deactivated from the
display. The ‘Member groups only’ check box designates whether only member groups are to be
included or excluded (checked), or member and plate groups are to be included or excluded
(unchecked).
Click the Plastic button to open the plasticity level options window shown below. Enter the five levels of
plasticity to be displayed.
4.6 RESET SELECT
This command allows the user to reset the select options back to their default values.
4.7 LABELING
The Display/Labeling features allow for joints, members and/or plates to be labeled on the display. In
general, label sub-menu items are toggles that turn the feature on or off.
4.8 ROTATE
The Rotate features allow the active display to be rotated about the global X, Y or Z axes.
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4.9 ‘2 LINE’
This toggle designates whether structural members are to be displayed as single or double lines.
4.10 SHADING
Select the Shading menu check if members displayed as two lines are to be shown with
shading.
4.11 ZOOM BOX
This option expands the area within the designated window so that it fills the entire display area.
4.12 UNZOOM
This option returns any zoomed display to its original unzoomed form.
4.13 VIEW
The View display menu command activates the Display/View sub-menu shown below. View features
require that a model file be input into the Collapse View program in addition to the plastic analysis
results or restart file.
4.14 DEFLECTION FACTOR
Allows the user to factor the deflections for display purposes.
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5 LOAD STEP FEATURES
The Load Step menu commands allow the user to designate the active or displayed load increment. The
current load increment is displayed using the current display settings and deflection factor.
Note: A deflection factor may be specified in order to exaggerate the displacements of a particular load
increment. Select the Deflection Factor under the Display Menu.
5.1 SPECIFIC
The results for any one particular load condition may be displayed by selecting this command and then
entering the load increment number on the data line. The results for the load increment specified are
displayed according to the current display settings and deflection factor.
5.2 NEXT
Select the Next command to display the next load increment or step.
5.3 PRIOR
Select the Prior command to display the previous load increment or step.
5.4 SKIP
This command skips the next load increment and displays the load step following the next one.
5.5 FIRST
This command displays the results of the first load increment.
5.6 LAST
This command displays the analysis results of the last load increment.
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5.7 AUTOVIEW
The Autoview command displays load steps automatically beginning with the current load step. Load
steps are displayed according to the current display settings. The delay time between load steps may be
specified on the Setup Window by selecting the Setup command of the File menu. Load increments are
displayed until the last load increment is displayed.
Note: The Autoview feature may be stopped at any load step by pressing the Escape key.
5.8 SHOW GRAPH
The Show Graph command displays the current graph at the bottom right corner of the display area.
This feature allows for the structure to be displayed simultaneously with the graph generated.
The corresponding structure shape and analysis results can be displayed for any point on the graph by
clicking on the point on the graph. The current load increment is set to the load increment
corresponding to the point.
Note: When force, deflection or reaction is graphed versus load step, values for force, deflection or
reaction are plotted as a point for each load step. These points on the graph are connected by a straight
line. Therefore, when a position on the line is selected, the closest point representing a load step is used.
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6 JOINT FEATURES
6.1 DETAILS
The joint name, coordinates and fixity for a joint may be displayed with this option. After selecting the
Display command, select the joint whose coordinates are to be displayed.
6.2 DISPLACEMENT
Gives the XYZ displacement of a selected joint at a specific load step.
6.3 FIND
The coordinates and fixity of any joint may be displayed by selecting this option by specifying the joint
name in the Joint name field in the property box. If the joint is included on the display, an “x” will point
to the joint.
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7 MEMBER FEATURES
7.1 DETAILS
Allows the user to display member data for selected members.
7.2 FIND
Member find will locate the member within the structure. As well as, display in member details.
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8 PLATE FEATURES
8.1 DETAILS
Information for individual plates includes the plate name, the plate group to which it is assigned and the
connecting joints may be displayed using this option.
8.2 FIND
This option allows the user to locate a specific plate within the structure.
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9 REPORT FEATURES
The Report features provide the capability to report model and plastic analysis information to either the
Collapse View Report window or to an external report file.
Upon selecting any of the report features, the Report Options dialog is activated.
The portion of the structure to include for reporting may be designated using the joint, member and/or
group filters. The load steps to be included may be specified using the Load Step filter.
Note: Reports are generated only for items that meet all filter criteria specified. For example, if active
members is selected and a list of groups is specified, only members belonging to listed groups that are
active on the display screen are reported.
9.1 JOINT
The joint report features generate joint information for all joints meeting the joint selection criteria.
9.1.1
Displacement
This command generates a joint displacement report.
9.1.2
Forces
The joint reaction report contains reactions for support joints meeting the designated joint selection
criteria for the load steps designated.
9.1.3
Capacity
The joint capacity report contains joint stresses, allowable and capacity information for the designated
joint/load step selection.
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9.2 MEMBER
The member report features generate reports containing member analysis results including internal
stresses and internal loads.
9.2.1
Stresses
Select the Stress command to create a stress report for each member meeting the report selection
criteria. Member internal stresses at each member sub-segment along the member length are included
in the Stress report.
9.2.2
Internal Loads
Select the Internal Loads command to create an internal load report for each member meeting the
report selection criteria. Member internal loads at each member sub-segment along the member length
are included in the Internal Loads report.
9.2.3
Strains
This option allows the users to report strains for specified members or for given steps.
9.3 PLATE
9.3.1
Stresses
Allows the user to report plate stresses for selected plates and load steps.
9.4 PILE
9.4.1
Displacement
This option allows the user to report pile displacements for selected piles and load steps.
9.4.2
Internal Load
The internal load in the selected pile, for specific load steps can be reported using this option.
9.4.3
Capacity
This option allows the users to report the axial capacity initialization for selected piles and specified load
steps.
9.5 LOAD SUMMATION
The Load Summation command creates a loading summary report for each of the load steps designated.
9.6 WORK
This option allows the user to report the work done, in deforming the structure for specific load steps
and selected joints.
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9.6.1
Modeling Impact Events
An impact event involves the transference of the kinetic energy of a moving object into strain energy
resulting from;
(i)
Global deformation of the impacted structure,
(ii) Deformation of a ship’s structure,
(iii) Local indentation of an impacted member.
There are two methods for modeling impact events in Collapse, namely the displacement-driven
method and the force-driven method.
9.6.2
Displacement-driven Method
The displacement-driven method is used primarily for modeling ship impact events. A prescribed
displacement is specified in order to generate the ship impact load. Collapse View can then be used to
post-process the results in the form of reports and graphs.
The reports are generated by accessing the ‘Report /Work/Work done by specified deflections …’ menu.
The following data is reported:
(i)
Structural deformation energy due to the prescribed displacement,
(ii) Ship indentation energy due to stern and broadside impacts for the case of a 5000 MT ship
impacting a 1.5m diameter column,
(iii) Total absorbed energy (ship indentation energy + structural deformation energy).
The above information can also be graphed using the following quantities displayed under the ‘Graph /
Define Axis …’ menu:
Work X
Work done by specified deflections in the X direction
Work Y
Work done by specified deflections in the Y direction
Work Z
Work done by specified deflections in the Z direction
Total Work
Total work done by specified deflections in all directions
Ship Stern Work
Ship Stern Indentation Energy
Ship Broadside Work
Ship Broadside Indentation Energy
Total Stern Work
Total absorbed energy (ship stern + structural deformation)
Total Broadside Work Total absorbed energy (ship broadside + structural def.)
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9.6.3
Force-driven Method
The force-driven impact method is used for modeling general impact events, including ship impact and
impact due to a dropped object. A set of forces is specified in order to simulate the impact load.
The force-driven method allows the user to prescribe the kinetic energy of impact. If the kinetic energy
of impact is exceeded by the sum of the structural and ship deformation energy then the loading is
stopped and optionally reversed. The user also has the ability to specify a ship indentation curve, which
allows for automatic calculation of the ship indentation energy.
Collapse View can be used to post-process the results in the form of reports and graphs.
The reports are generated by accessing the ‘Report /Work/Work done’ menu. The work done by all
external forces on any of the joints may be tabulated and totaled. This report can also be produced for
user-specified joints and load steps using the selection options.
If load step selection has been activated, then Collapse View additionally reports the work done that is
accumulated solely during the selected load steps. For instance, if an impact event takes place from load
steps 6 through 15, then limiting the report to load steps 6 through 15 will ensure that Collapse View
reports the work done solely due to the impact force.
The work done by external forces that act on a given joint may be graphed using the following quantities
under ‘Graph / Define Axis …’:
Work Done X
Work done by external forces in the X direction
Work Done Y
Work done by external forces in the Y direction
Work Done Z
Work done by external forces in the Z direction
Total Work Done
Sum of the work done by external forces in all directions
Furthermore, the ship indentation energy may be plotted using the ‘Ship Dent Energy’
quantity.
9.7 HISTORY
Select the History command to create a plastic analysis history report. The history report contains a step
by step documentation of the events occurring during the analysis. Critical events such as change in
member plasticity, member unloading, formation of hinge, local buckling, joint failure, joint collapse,
etc. are documented for each load step.
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10 GRAPH FEATURES
10.1 DEFINE AXES
Allows the users to define X and Y axes settings.
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10.2 FORMAT
The graph layout or style settings may be designated on the Graph Style settings window.
10.2.1 Graph Title
Enter the graph title, if any, in the Title text box.
10.2.2 Major Grid Lines
Solid or dashed major grid lines may be used along either axis by selecting the Solid or Dashed button in
the X-axis or Y-Axis frame. Major grid lines may be omitted along either axis by selecting the button next
to grid line type None.
10.2.3 Tick Marks
Tick marks may be placed between major grid lines by checking the Show tick marks box. The number of
tick marks between major grid lines may also be specified.
10.2.4 Axis Label
Specify the axis label in the axis label text box.
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11 WINDOW FEATURES
This allows the user to activate either the graphic window or the structural display window.
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12 HELP FEATURES
12.1 CONTENTS
Selecting the Contents menu activates the help file browse facility. The user may browse through the list
of keywords and terms that are provided. The appropriate menu item is referenced for keywords and
terms listed. In addition, the manual section containing detailed information is referenced for each item.
12.2 SACS WEB SITE
This option allows the user to open Microsoft® Internet Explorer and go to SACS’s web site. The
minimum requirement for the Internet Explorer is version 3.02 upwards.
12.3 ABOUT COLLVUE
This option allows the user to view the release version of Collapse View.
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