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Pre-Columbian America

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EUROPE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE
MODERN AGE AND PRE-COLUMBIAN
AMERICA
PRE-COLUMBIAN ERA
Before the arrival of Christopher Columbus,
a wide variety of peoples and cultures
inhabited the American continent. These
peoples were referred to as pre-Columbian.
Generally, they were small tribes with very
primitive forms of life, such as the Caribs or
the Tainos in the Caribbean. However, there
were also others like the Maya, the Incas,
and the Aztecs, who had developed
advanced civilizations.
MAYA CIVILIZATION
The Maya civilization achieved great
splendor between the years 300 and
900 AD. When the Spanish arrived,
they were experiencing a profound
decline caused by a succession of
internal wars.
TERRITORY
The Maya inhabited the Yucatán Peninsula
and other territories in present-day Mexico,
Guatemala,
Belize,
El
Salvador,
and
Honduras.
GOVERNMENT, SOCIETY AND ECONOMY
GOVERNEMENT
They organized themselves
into independent cities that
were governed by a
supreme leader.
SOCIETY
ECONOMY
It was divided into four
groups: nobility, priests,
peasantry, and artisans,
which made up the majority
of the population, and
enslaved individuals, who
were primarily prisoners of
war.
They engaged in internal
trade between different
cities and cultivated crops
such as maize, cotton,
cocoa, and tomatoes.
INDICATE THE CORRECT STATEMENTS ABOUT THE MAYAN
CIVILIZATION
They organized themselves in cities that depended on a capital.
Wars for power led it to decline.
The period of splendor was between the years 300 and 900 of our era.
They sacrificed prisoners of war.
They were led by a supreme leader.
They cultivated maize, cotton, cocoa, and tomatoes.
They populated the area of present-day Argentina.
One of the economic activities they carried out was trade.
Socially, it was divided into three groups: nobility, priests, and artisans.
INCA CIVILITACION
The Inca civilization created the
largest empire in pre-Columbian
America. It began to take shape
around the 13th century and fell
with the arrival and conquest by
the Spaniards, at a time of
maximum territorial expansion.
TERRITORY
The Incas settled in the Andean mountain range.
They created a vast empire that encompassed
parts of present-day Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador,
Argentina, and Chile.
GOVERNMENT, SOCIETY AND ECONOMY
GOVERNEMENT
The supreme religious and
political authority was held
by the Inca, considered the
son of the Sun.
SOCIETY
ECONOMY
It was composed of the
nobility, the common
people, serfs, and slaves.
The common people
included the peasantry and
individuals dedicated to
craftsmanship, excelling in
goldsmithing and pottery.
They cultivated maize and
potatoes on terraced slopes
of the mountains. They
raised llamas and alpacas,
from which they obtained
food and wool for making
clothes. These animals also
served as a means of
transportation.
COMPLETE THE TEXT ABOUT THE INCA
CIVILIZATION
The Inca civilization inhabited the mountain range of the……….. The
highest religious and political authority was………….. who was considered
the son of ………... He carried a.………….adorned with feathers and shaped
like.………..
Inca society was composed of the nobility, the common people, serfs, and
slaves. The common people included.………….. and craftsmanship.
They cultivated maize and………... on stepped terraces on the mountain
slopes.
To move and obtain food and materials for making clothing, they used
llamas and.…………
AZTEC EMPIRE
When the Spaniards arrived in America,
the Aztec civilization's Empire was in its
early stages.
The Aztecs inhabited the Valley of Mexico
since the 12th century.
GOVERNMENT, SOCIETY AND ECONOMY
GOVERNEMENT
The Empire was based on
the alliance of three cities:
Tenochtitlán, Texcoco, and
Tlacopán. An emperor held
both political and religious
power..
SOCIETY
ECONOMY
The society was organized into
tribes divided into groups: the
nobility (warrior leaders, highranking government officials,
landowners, and priests),
merchants, peasantry, artisanal
population, and enslaved
individuals.
The main economic activity
was agriculture, but they also
excelled in pottery
manufacturing and gold and
silver metallurgy.
INDICATE WHETHER THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ABOUT THE
AZTEC CIVILIZATION ARE TRUE OR FALSE:
They were established in present-day Mexico
Texcoco was the capital of the Empire.
The society was distributed in villages.
The emperor held both political and religious power.
The main economic activity was agriculture.
Chinampas were land extensions used for agriculture.
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